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Coombes BK, Hanna M, Thompson KA, Coppieters MW, Dick TJM, Andrade RJ, Barber L. Mild untreated hypercholesterolaemia affects mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon but not gastrocnemius muscle. J Biomech 2024; 166:112048. [PMID: 38493577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Tendon xanthoma and altered mechanical properties have been demonstrated in people with familial hypercholesterolaemia. However, it is unclear whether mild, untreated hypercholesterolaemia alters musculotendinous mechanical properties and muscle architecture. We conducted a case-control study of adults aged 50 years and over, without lower limb injury or history of statin medication. Based on fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, 6 participants had borderline high LDL (>3.33 mmol/L) and 6 had optimal LDL cholesterol (<2.56 mmol/L). Using shear wave elastography, shear wave velocity (SWV) of the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius medialis muscle (a proxy for stiffness), along with muscle fascicle length and pennation angle were measured under four passive tensile loads (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 kg) applied via a pulley system. Differences between groups were found for tendon SWV but not muscle SWV, fascicle length or pennation angle. Participants with hypercholesterolaemia showed greater SWV (mean difference, 95 % CI: 2.4 m/s, 0.9 to 4.0, P = 0.024) compared to the control group across all loads. These findings suggest that adults with mild hypercholesterolaemia have increased tendon stiffness under low passive loads, while muscle was not affected. Future research is needed to confirm findings in a larger cohort and explore the impact of hypercholesterolaemia on tendon fatigue injury and tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K Coombes
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111.
| | - Monica Hanna
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111
| | - Kaelah A Thompson
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111.
| | - Michel W Coppieters
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111; Adjunct, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Taylor J M Dick
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chancellors Place, St Lucia, Brisbane 4067, Australia.
| | - Ricardo J Andrade
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111; Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes F 44000, France.
| | - Lee Barber
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Australia 4111.
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Obst S, Florance K, Heales L, Barber L. Medial gastrocnemius growth in children who are typically developing: Can changes in muscle volume and length be accurately predicted from age? J Anat 2022; 240:991-997. [PMID: 34914097 PMCID: PMC9005671 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle size is an important determinant of muscular fitness and health, and so it is important to have accurate estimates of actual muscle growth in children. This study compared actual versus age-predicted growth rates of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in young children over a 12-month period. Three-dimensional ultrasound was used to measure MG length and volume in 50 children (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age = 70.3 ± 29.9 months) to establish age-predicted muscle growth rates using a least-squares linear regression. Twenty children (mean ± SD age = 78.5 ± 27.2 months) were followed up at 6 and 12 months to establish actual muscle growth of MG volume and length. These data were then compared to their age-predicted muscle growth from the linear regression equation using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman limits of agreement method. Age-predicted MG growth significantly underestimated actual muscle growth for both volume and length at each timepoint. On average, actual muscle volume and length were 11.5% and 21.5% greater than the age-predicted volume and length respectively. Caution is warranted when predicting future muscle size in young children based solely on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Obst
- School of Health, Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBundabergQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kaysie Florance
- School of Health, Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBundabergQueenslandAustralia
| | - Luke Heales
- School of Health, Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lee Barber
- School of Health Sciences and Social WorkGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
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Obst SJ, Florance K, Barber L. Regional Variation in Muscle Echogenicity Is Related to Muscle Thickness in Young Children. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47:2467-2476. [PMID: 33941414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound of muscle echogenicity may be influenced by the size of the muscle and, so, corrections may be required when comparing echogenicity between populations with different muscle size. This study examined the relationship between regional muscle echogenicity and geometry in young, typically developing children (n = 49, mean ± standard deviation [SD] age = 70.8 ± 30.0 mo). Three-dimensional ultrasound was used to measure mean echo intensity (EI) and echo variation (EV), together with muscle thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA) and width, over the entire muscle length for the medial gastrocnemius (MG), rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior muscles. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the strength of the relationship between echogenicity and geometry using all images taken over the entire muscle length. There were moderate-strong correlations (r = 0.67-0.90) between EI and EV and thickness for each muscle, with the strongest correlations evident for the MG and RF. EI and EV were moderately correlated with muscle CSA and weakly correlated with muscle width. Normalisation of echogenicity to muscle thickness may help delineate between regions of contractile and non-contractile tissue and provide a useful measure of muscle echogenicity when comparing muscles of different cross-sectional dimensions. We recommend that researchers consider controlling for muscle size-dependent effects on echogenicity, by normalising EI and EV to muscle thickness, or including the latter as a covariate when comparing between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Obst
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kaysie Florance
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lorentzen J, Frisk RF, Nielsen JB, Barber L. Increased Ankle Plantar Flexor Stiffness Is Associated With Reduced Mechanical Response to Stretch in Adults With CP. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:604071. [PMID: 33842442 PMCID: PMC8026870 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.604071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperexcitable stretch reflexes are often not present despite of other signs of spasticity in people with brain lesion. Here we looked for evidence that increased resistance to length change of the plantar flexor muscle-fascicles may contribute to a reduction in the stretch reflex response in adults with cerebral palsy (CP). A total of 17 neurologically intact (NI) adults (mean age 36.1; 12 female) and 13 ambulant adults with CP (7 unilateral; mean age 33.1; 5 female) participated in the study. Subjects were seated in a chair with the examined foot attached to a foot plate, which could be moved by a computer-controlled electromotor. An ultrasound probe was placed over the medial aspect of the leg to measure the length of medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicles. Slow (7 deg/s) and fast (200 deg/s) stretches with amplitude 6 deg of the plantar flexors were applied over an ankle range of 70 deg at 10 deg intervals between 60 and 130 deg plantarflexion. It was checked by EMG electrodes that the slow stretches were sufficiently slow not to elicit any activity and that the fast stretches were sufficiently quick to elicit a maximal stretch reflex in both groups. The torque elicited by the stretches was measured together with changes in the length of medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicles. Muscle fascicles increased significantly in length with increasing dorsiflexion position in both populations (p < 0.001), but the fascicles were shorter in the CP population at all positions. Slow stretches elicited significantly larger torque and significantly smaller length change of muscle fascicles as the ankle joint position was moved more towards dorsiflexion in CP than in NI (p < 0.001). Fast stretches elicited larger torque responses at ankle joint positions of 80–100 deg in the NI than in the CP group (p < 0.01). A significant negative correlation was observed between the torque response and muscle fascicle length change to slow stretch in CP (p < 0.05), but not in NI. These findings support that increased passive resistance of the ankle plantar flexor muscle-tendon unit and development of contractures may conceal stretch reflex response in adults with CP. We argue that this should be taken into account in the neurological examination of spasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lorentzen
- Department for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Elsass Foundation, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Feld Frisk
- Department for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Elsass Foundation, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Department for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Elsass Foundation, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Lee Barber
- School of Applied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Obst SJ, Bickell R, Florance K, Boyd RN, Read F, Barber L. The size and echogenicity of the tibialis anterior muscle is preserved in both limbs in young children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:3430-3439. [PMID: 33356649 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1863482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary of this study was to compare the volume, length, echo intensity, and growth rate of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of both limbs (more-involved and less-involved) in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP), with those of an age-matched typically developing (TD) group. A secondary aim in the USCP group was to explore the associations between these muscle parameters and discrete ankle positions during phase of gait. METHODS Muscle parameters were assessed using 3D ultrasound. Maximal ankle dorsiflexion in stance and swing during walking were determined from 2D video analysis. Group differences in muscle size and echo intensity were assessed using a two-way analysis of covariance (age-by-group), with the interaction term used to compare muscle growth rates. Associations between muscle parameters and maximal ankle dorsiflexion in stance and swing were assessed using backwards multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS The MG of both limbs in children with USCP had signs of impaired muscle development (smaller volume and length, higher echo intensity and lower growth rate). There was no evidence of impaired muscle development of TA between limbs or compared the TD children. Tibialis anterior volume, length, echo intensity and MG volume explained 66% and 83% of the variance in maximal ankle dorsiflexion position in the stance and swing phases of walking, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Unlike the MG, the TA volume and growth rate in children with USCP are equivalent between limbs and compared to TD children. For the more-involved limb only, TA volume, length, and echo intensity appear associated with maximal ankle dorsiflexion during walking and represent important muscle parameters that could be targeted in with early exercise therapy.Implications for rehabilitationTibialis anterior (TA) size and echogenicity appear normal in both limbs in young children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (USCP); findings that could indicate sufficient mechanical stimulus and muscle anabolism to maintain normal muscle growth.Tibialis anterior size and echogenicity are associated with maximal ankle dorsiflexion in both stance and swing phase of walking in young children with USCP; though such relations appear isolated to the more-involved limb.Early therapeutic interventions that target TA are likely to be successful in maintaining muscle size and may offset the negative effects of medial gastrocnemius atrophy in the development of fixed ankle equinus of the more-involved limb and improve ankle positioning during gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Obst
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Reuben Bickell
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Kaysie Florance
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Felicity Read
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Jiguet F, Burgess M, Thorup K, Conway G, Arroyo Matos JL, Barber L, Black J, Burton N, Castelló J, Clewley G, Copete JL, Czajkowski MA, Dale S, Davis T, Dombrovski V, Drew M, Elts J, Gilson V, Grzegorczyk E, Henderson I, Holdsworth M, Husbands R, Lorrilliere R, Marja R, Minkevicius S, Moussy C, Olsson P, Onrubia A, Pérez M, Piacentini J, Piha M, Pons JM, Procházka P, Raković M, Robins H, Seimola T, Selstam G, Skierczyński M, Sondell J, Thibault JC, Tøttrup AP, Walker J, Hewson C. Desert crossing strategies of migrant songbirds vary between and within species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20248. [PMID: 31882957 PMCID: PMC6934701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, billions of songbirds cross large ecological barriers during their migration. Understanding how they perform this incredible task is crucial to predict how global change may threaten the safety of such journeys. Earlier studies based on radar suggested that most songbirds cross deserts in intermittent flights at high altitude, stopping in the desert during the day, while recent tracking with light loggers suggested diurnal prolongation of nocturnal flights and common non-stop flights for some species. We analyzed light intensity and temperature data obtained from geolocation loggers deployed on 130 individuals of ten migratory songbird species, and show that a large variety of strategies for crossing deserts exists between, but also sometimes within species. Diurnal stopover in the desert is a common strategy in autumn, while most species prolonged some nocturnal flights into the day. Non-stop flights over the desert occurred more frequently in spring than in autumn, and more frequently in foliage gleaners. Temperature recordings suggest that songbirds crossed deserts with flight bouts performed at various altitudes according to species and season, along a gradient ranging from low above ground in autumn to probably >2000 m above ground level, and possibly at higher altitude in spring. High-altitude flights are therefore not the general rule for crossing deserts in migrant songbirds. We conclude that a diversity of migration strategies exists for desert crossing among songbirds, with variations between but also within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jiguet
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Malcolm Burgess
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
| | - Kasper Thorup
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Greg Conway
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lee Barber
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - John Black
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Burton
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Castelló
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Clewley
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - José Luis Copete
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Montseny 8, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Svein Dale
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Tony Davis
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Valery Dombrovski
- Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences, Academichnaya 27, 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mike Drew
- Biodiversity & Catchment, Anglian Water Services Limited, Lancaster House, Lancaster Way, Ermine Business Park, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE29 6XU, United Kingdom
| | - Jaanus Elts
- Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia & Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vicky Gilson
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Emilienne Grzegorczyk
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ian Henderson
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Holdsworth
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Husbands
- 3 Oakhill Road, Mitcheldean, Gloucestershire, GL17 0BN, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Lorrilliere
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Riho Marja
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of ecology and Botany, "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | | | - Caroline Moussy
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peter Olsson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research (CEC), Ekologihuset, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Onrubia
- Migres Foundation, International Bird Migration Center (CIMA), N-340, Km 85, P.O. Box 152, 11380, Tarifa, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marc Pérez
- Nostra Senyora de Montserrat 19, 08756, La Palma de Cervelló, Spain
| | | | - Markus Piha
- Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, P.O. Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB, UMR7205), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Petr Procházka
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, CZ-603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Raković
- Natural History Museum of Belgrade, Njegoševa, 51, Serbia
| | - Harriet Robins
- New buildings, Howle Hill, Ross on Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas Seimola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gunnar Selstam
- Department of Agricultural Research in Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Umeå, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michał Skierczyński
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland, Dziczenie.pl, Gruszki, Poland
| | - Jan Sondell
- Kvismare Bird Observatory, Rulleuddsvägen 10, S-178 51, Ekerö, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Thibault
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB, UMR7205), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anders P Tøttrup
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin Walker
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hewson
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
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Davidson M, Mansukhani S, Starling N, Chau I, Watkins D, Cunningham D, Rao S, Lazaro-Alcausi R, Griffiths B, Barber L, Morganstein D, Forster M, Davies S, Begum R, Gillbanks A, Kalaitzaki E, Wotherspoon A, Von Loga K, Chaudry A, Gerlinger M. Perioperative FLOT + anti-PD-L1 avelumab (FLOT-A) chemo-immunotherapy in resectable oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (OGA): Safety and biomarker data from the ICONIC trial safety run-in. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz247.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chan DV, Thorpe DE, Trost SG, Boyd RN, Faldowski RA, Barber L, Levin I, Carroll A, Bagatell N. Novel approaches to measuring community integration in adults with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2653-2664. [PMID: 30994013 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1577500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Rehabilitation goals often focus on increasing community integration for adults with disabilities and are measured by objective assessments. Research methods have lagged behind in capturing current conceptualizations of community integration as a multidimensional construct that incorporates participation, social supports, and feelings of belonging in the community. This paper addresses this challenge by describing a multi-method approach to assessing community integration for adults with cerebral palsy.Methods: Measures include standardized questionnaires, qualitative methods, measures of function and physical activity, and geospatial measures using Geographic Information System mapping and Global Positioning System tracking. These objective and subjective data are used to determine where adults spend time and are most active, and which activities and social connections are associated with feeling integrated into the community.Results: Two case examples highlight the importance of using a multi-method approach to assess community integration for adults with cerebral palsy. Results of objective clinical measures were comparable among case examples; however, actual experiences of feeling connected to the community were vastly different.Conclusions: Multiple measures are required to capture the complexity of community integration. Relying solely on objective measures may not provide a complete picture of community integration.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCommunity integration is a complex construct that incorporates participation, socialization, and feelings of belonging in the community.New methods and measures are needed to assess the many aspects of community integration in adults with disabilities.A multi-method approach is recommended to provide a richer characterization of community integration in individuals with disabilities.A combination of quantitative and qualitative measures addressing the physical, social and psychological aspects of community integration should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara V Chan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah E Thorpe
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stewart G Trost
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard A Faldowski
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ilana Levin
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda Carroll
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy Bagatell
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Obst S, Heales L, Hrelja Z, Ishri P, Wesche J, Barber L. The effect of deloading tape on medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicle behaviour during dynamic exercise. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1874-1883. [PMID: 30935296 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1600225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of diamond deloading tape on medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle behaviour during exercise in healthy adults (n = 27). A randomised cross-over trial assessed the effect of tape (no-tape, sham-tape and deload-tape) on ankle and MG fascicle kinematics during three heel raise-lower exercises [double leg (DL), single leg (SL) and loaded single leg (LSL)]. There was no effect of tape on standing fascicle length (FL) or pennation angle (PA), or ankle or knee joint angle. There was a significant effect of tape on ankle kinematics for all exercises. Both the deload-tape and sham-tape resulted in less ankle plantar flexion but had no effect on dorsiflexion. There was a significant effect of tape on FL change for the SL and LSL exercise. Compared to no-tape, the deload-tape resulted in less fascicle shortening during ankle plantar flexion, and more fascicle lengthening during ankle dorsiflexion. For the LSL exercise, deload-tape caused MG fascicles to operate at longer lengths, for a given joint angle. Diamond taping, with or without added tension, has only a small effect on ankle and MG fascicle kinematics during the heel raise-lower exercise. With the exception of the LSL exercise, both tape conditions resulted in similar changes in the FL-angle relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Obst
- a School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Bundaberg , Australia
| | - Luke Heales
- b School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Rockhampton , Australia
| | - Zachary Hrelja
- a School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Bundaberg , Australia
| | - Prashneveet Ishri
- a School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Bundaberg , Australia
| | - Johanna Wesche
- a School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Bundaberg , Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- a School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences , Central Queensland University , Bundaberg , Australia
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Frisk RF, Lorentzen J, Barber L, Nielsen JB. Characterization of torque generating properties of ankle plantar flexor muscles in ambulant adults with cerebral palsy. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1127-1136. [PMID: 30778762 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weakness of plantar flexor muscles is related to reduced push-off and forward propulsion during gait in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). It has not been clarified to what an extent altered muscle contractile properties contribute to this muscle weakness. Here, we investigated the torque generating capacity and muscle fascicle length in the triceps surae muscle throughout ankle range of motion (ROM) in adults with CP using maximal single muscle twitches elicited by electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonography. METHODS Fourteen adults with CP (age 36, SD 10.6, GMFCS I-III) and 17 neurological intact (NI) adults (age 36, SD 4.5) participated. Plantar flexor torque during supramaximal stimulation of the tibial nerve was recorded in a dynamometer at 8 ankle angles throughout ROM. Medial gastrocnemius (MG) fascicle length was tracked using ultrasonography. RESULTS Adults with CP showed reduced plantar flexor torque and fascicle shortening during supramaximal stimulation throughout ROM. The largest torque generation was observed at the ankle joint position where the largest shortening of MG fascicles was observed in both groups. This was at a more plantarflexed position in the CP group. CONCLUSION Reduced torque and fascicle shortening during supramaximal stimulation of the tibial nerve indicate impaired contractile properties of plantar flexor muscles in adults with CP. Maximal torque was observed at a more plantarflexed position in adults with CP indicating an altered torque-fascicle length/ankle angle relation. The findings suggest that gait rehabilitation in adults with CP may require special focus on improvement of muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Feld Frisk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,Professionshøjskolen Absalon, Roskilde, Denmark. .,Elsass Institute, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Lorentzen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Elsass Institute, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Lee Barber
- School of Health, Medical and Allied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Elsass Institute, Charlottenlund, Denmark
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Pingel J, Barber L, Andersen IT, Walden FV, Wong C, Døssing S, Nielsen JB. Systemic inflammatory markers in individuals with cerebral palsy. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739218823474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) develop skeletal muscle contractures that impair muscle function. In turn, contractures affect the ability to ambulate and often promote a sedentary lifestyle. The aim of the present study was to investigate the systemic inflammatory markers transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in children and adults with CP. Blood samples of n = 34 participants (24 individuals with CP (n = 14 children with CP age 10.36 ± 1.1 and n = 10 adults with CP age 38.80 ± 3.6) and 10 healthy adults age 36.63 ± 3.8) were analyzed for circulating levels of TGFβ1, CRP, and IL-6 using Sandwich Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses (R&D systems). TGFβ1 and CRP levels were significantly higher in children with CP compared to both adults with CP (TGFβ1: P < 0.0005 and P < 0.0002, respectively) and healthy adults (CRP: P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively), while no differences were observed between the adults with CP and healthy adults in TGFβ1 ( P = 0.29) and CRP ( P = 0.59), respectively. Furthermore, IL-6 levels showed no significant differences between the groups. The present findings indicate that the level of systemic inflammation is increased in children with CP. We speculate that persisting inflammation in children with CP might influence the development of muscle contractures, resulting in reduced muscle mass and marked muscle weakness in adults with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pingel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ida Torp Andersen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ferdinand Von Walden
- Pediatric Neurology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Wong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Simon Døssing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Helene Elsass Center, Charlottenlund, Denmark
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12
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Barber L, Alexander C, Shipman P, Boyd R, Reid S, Elliott C. Validity and reliability of a freehand 3D ultrasound system for the determination of triceps surae muscle volume in children with cerebral palsy. J Anat 2018; 234:384-391. [PMID: 30525186 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the validity, intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of segmentation of in vivo medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus (SOL) muscle volume measurement using a single sweep freehand 3D ultrasound (3DUS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The MG, LG and SOL of both limbs of 18 children with CP (age 8 years 4 months ± 1 year 10 months, 11 males, unilateral CP = 9, bilateral CP = 9, Gross Motor Functional Classification System I = 11, II = 7) were scanned using freehand 3DUS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All freehand 3DUS and MRI images were segmented and volumes rendered by two raters. Validity was assessed using limits of agreement method. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC), coefficient of variance (CV) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Freehand 3DUS overestimated muscle volume of the MG and LG by < 0.3 mL (1%) and underestimated SOL by < 1.3 mL (1.5%) compared with MRI. ICCs for intra-rater reliability of the segmentation process for the freehand 3DUS system and MRI for muscle volume were > 0.98 and 0.99, respectively, for all muscles. ICCs for inter-rater reliability of the segmentation process for freehand 3DUS and MRI volumes were > 0.96 and 0.98, respectively, for all muscles. MDCs for single rater freehand 3DUS and MRI were < 4.0 mL (14%) and 3.2 mL (11%), respectively, in all muscles. Freehand 3DUS is a valid and reliable method for the measurement of lower leg muscle volume that can be measured with a single sweep in children with CP in vivo. It can be used as an alternative to MRI for the detection of clinically relevant changes in calf muscle volume as the result of growth and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barber
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Alexander
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P Shipman
- Diagnostic Imaging, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - R Boyd
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Reid
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C Elliott
- School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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13
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Willerslev-Olsen M, Choe Lund M, Lorentzen J, Barber L, Kofoed-Hansen M, Nielsen JB. Impaired muscle growth precedes development of increased stiffness of the triceps surae musculotendinous unit in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2018; 60:672-679. [PMID: 29573407 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM If increased muscle stiffness and contractures in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are related to impaired muscle growth, reduced muscle growth should precede or coincide with increased muscle stiffness during development. Here, we compared the volume of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and the passive (non-neural) stiffness of the triceps surae musculotendinous unit in typically developing children and children with CP from birth until 4 years of age. METHOD Forty-one children with CP and 45 typically developing children were included. Freehand three-dimensional ultrasound was used to evaluate the volume of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Biomechanical and electrophysiological measures were used to determine passive and reflex mediated stiffness of the triceps surae musculotendinous unit. RESULTS Medial gastrocnemius muscle volume increased with the same rate in typically developing and children with CP until 12 months of age, when a significant smaller rate of growth was observed in children with CP. Passive stiffness of the triceps surae musculotendinous unit showed a linear increase with age in typically developing children. Children with CP older than 27 months showed a significant increase in passive stiffness. Reflex mediated stiffness was only pathologically increased in four children with CP. INTERPRETATION The deviation of medial gastrocnemius muscle volume, earlier than musculotendinous unit stiffness, is consistent with the hypothesis. The data also point out that muscle atrophy and muscle stiffness already develops within the first 1 to 2 years. This emphasizes the necessity of early interventions to promote lower limb muscle growth in this population. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Medial gastrocnemius muscle growth is reduced in children with cerebral palsy (CP) around 12 months after birth. Triceps surae musculotendinous unit stiffness is increased in children with CP around 27 months after birth. Reflex excitability is rarely increased in children with CP. Reduced muscle growth may be involved in the pathophysiology of contractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Willerslev-Olsen
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Elsass Institute, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Mai Choe Lund
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Elsass Institute, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lorentzen
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Elsass Institute, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Elsass Institute, Charlottenlund, Denmark
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Verschuren O, Smorenburg AR, Luiking Y, Bell K, Barber L, Peterson MD. Determinants of muscle preservation in individuals with cerebral palsy across the lifespan: a narrative review of the literature. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:453-464. [PMID: 29392922 PMCID: PMC5989853 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), smaller muscle and atrophy are present at young age. Many people with CP also experience a decline in gross motor function as they age, which might be explained by the loss of muscle mass. The clinical observation of muscle wasting has prompted a comparison with sarcopenia in older adults, and the term accelerated musculoskeletal ageing is often used to describe the hallmark phenotype of CP through the lifespan. However, there has been very little research emphasis on the natural history of ageing with CP and even less with respect to the determinants or prevention of muscle loss with CP. Considering the burgeoning interest in the science of muscle preservation, this paper aims to (i) describe the characteristics of accelerated musculoskeletal ageing in people with CP, (ii) describe the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and parallels with CP, and (iii) discuss possible therapeutic approaches, based on established approaches for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Verschuren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, De Hoogstraat RehabilitationUniversity Medical Center UtrechtRembrandtkade 10Utrecht3583TMThe Netherlands
| | | | - Yvette Luiking
- Nutricia ResearchAdvanced Medical NutritionUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kristie Bell
- Child Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Lady Cilento Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Mark D. Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
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15
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Obst SJ, Boyd R, Read F, Barber L. Quantitative 3-D Ultrasound of the Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle in Children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy. Ultrasound Med Biol 2017; 43:2814-2823. [PMID: 28967503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional ultrasound (3-DUS) was used to examine the size and appearance of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Twenty-six children with CP and 10 typically developing (TD) children participated. Three-dimensional US images of both limbs in children with CP and the right limb in TD children were analysed using quantitative methods to determine muscle volume, global echo intensity, global echo pattern and regional echo intensity. Significant differences in MG volume and all echo parameters were found between TD and CP children. The more involved limb was smaller and had higher echo intensity and a more heterogenous echo pattern compared with the TD group. Compared with that of the more involved limb, the MG of the less involved limb was larger but had a similar echo appearance. The MG of both limbs in children with unilateral spastic CP is smaller and, based on quantitative ultrasound, structurally different from that of TD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Obst
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Roslyn Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felicity Read
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Abstract
Negative public attitudes towards psychiatry hinder individuals coming for treatment and prevent us from attracting and retaining the very brightest and best doctors. As psychiatrists we are skilled in using science to change the thoughts and behaviours of individuals, however, we lack the skills to engage entire populations. Expertise in this field is the preserve of branding, advertising and marketing professionals. Techniques from these fields can be used to rebrand psychiatry at a variety of levels from national recruitment drives to individual clinical interactions between psychiatrists and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Crabb
- Jim Crabb, MRCPsych, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, NHS Forth Valley and University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Lee Barber, MA (Hons), Valenstein & Fatt, London; Neil Masson, MRCPsych, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lee Barber
- Jim Crabb, MRCPsych, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, NHS Forth Valley and University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Lee Barber, MA (Hons), Valenstein & Fatt, London; Neil Masson, MRCPsych, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Masson
- Jim Crabb, MRCPsych, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Larbert, NHS Forth Valley and University of Glasgow, Glasgow; Lee Barber, MA (Hons), Valenstein & Fatt, London; Neil Masson, MRCPsych, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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17
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Barber L, Carty C, Modenese L, Walsh J, Boyd R, Lichtwark G. Medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle-tendon unit, fascicle, and tendon interaction during walking in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59:843-851. [PMID: 28369824 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigates the in vivo function of the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscle-tendon units (MTU), fascicles, and tendons during walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and an equinus gait pattern. METHOD Fourteen children with CP (9 males, 5 females; mean age 10y 6mo, standard deviation [SD] 2y 11mo; GMFCS level I=8, II=6), and 10 typically developing (6 males, 4 females; mean age 10y, SD 2y 1mo) undertook full body 3D gait analysis and simultaneous B-mode ultrasound images of the medial gastrocnemius and soleus fascicles during level walking. Fascicle lengths were analysed using a semi-automated tracking algorithm and MTUs using OpenSim. Statistical parametric mapping (two-sample t-test) was used to compare differences between groups (p<0.05). RESULTS In the CP group medial gastrocnemius fascicles lengthened during mid-stance gait and remained longer into late-stance compared to the typically developing group (p<0.001). CP medial gastrocnemius fascicles shortened less during stance (1.16mm [SD 1.47mm]) compared to the typically developing group (4.48mm [SD 1.94mm], p<0.001). In the CP group the medial gastrocnemius and soleus MTU and tendon were longer during early- and mid-stance (p<0.001). Ankle power during push-off (p=0.015) and positive work (p<0.002) and net work (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the CP group. INTERPRETATION Eccentric action of the CP medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicles during mid-stance walking is consistent with reduced volume and neuromuscular control of impaired muscle. Reduced ankle push-off power and positive work in the children with CP may be attributed to reduced active medial gastrocnemius fascicle shortening. These findings suggest a reliance on passive force generation for forward propulsion during equinus gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chris Carty
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Luca Modenese
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and INSIGNEO Institute for in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Walsh
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roslyn Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glen Lichtwark
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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18
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Boyd RN, Davies PSW, Ziviani J, Trost S, Barber L, Ware R, Rose S, Whittingham K, Sakzewski L, Bell K, Carty C, Obst S, Benfer K, Reedman S, Edwards P, Kentish M, Copeland L, Weir K, Davenport C, Brooks D, Coulthard A, Pelekanos R, Guzzetta A, Fiori S, Wynter M, Finn C, Burgess A, Morris K, Walsh J, Lloyd O, Whitty JA, Scuffham PA. PREDICT-CP: study protocol of implementation of comprehensive surveillance to predict outcomes for school-aged children with cerebral palsy. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014950. [PMID: 28706091 PMCID: PMC5734266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral palsy (CP) remains the world's most common childhood physical disability with total annual costs of care and lost well-being of $A3.87b. The PREDICT-CP (NHMRC 1077257 Partnership Project: Comprehensive surveillance to PREDICT outcomes for school age children with CP) study will investigate the influence of brain structure, body composition, dietary intake, oropharyngeal function, habitual physical activity, musculoskeletal development (hip status, bone health) and muscle performance on motor attainment, cognition, executive function, communication, participation, quality of life and related health resource use costs. The PREDICT-CP cohort provides further follow-up at 8-12 years of two overlapping preschool-age cohorts examined from 1.5 to 5 years (NHMRC 465128 motor and brain development; NHMRC 569605 growth, nutrition and physical activity). METHODS AND ANALYSES This population-based cohort study undertakes state-wide surveillance of 245 children with CP born in Queensland (birth years 2006-2009). Children will be classified for Gross Motor Function Classification System; Manual Ability Classification System, Communication Function Classification System and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. Outcomes include gross motor function, musculoskeletal development (hip displacement, spasticity, muscle contracture), upper limb function, communication difficulties, oropharyngeal dysphagia, dietary intake and body composition, participation, parent-reported and child-reported quality of life and medical and allied health resource use. These detailed phenotypical data will be compared with brain macrostructure and microstructure using 3 Tesla MRI (3T MRI). Relationships between brain lesion severity and outcomes will be analysed using multilevel mixed-effects models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The PREDICT-CP protocol is a prospectively registered and ethically accepted study protocol. The study combines data at 1.5-5 then 8-12 years of direct clinical assessment to enable prediction of outcomes and healthcare needs essential for tailoring interventions (eg, rehabilitation, orthopaedic surgery and nutritional supplements) and the projected healthcare utilisation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN: 12616001488493.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter SW Davies
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny Ziviani
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stewart Trost
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- CSIRO Australian e-Health Research Centre, Canberra, Australia
- Medical Imaging, Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristie Bell
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Carty
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven Obst
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine Benfer
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Reedman
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Priya Edwards
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Kentish
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa Copeland
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly Weir
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Clinical Governance, Education and Research, Gold Coast Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Camilla Davenport
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Denise Brooks
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Coulthard
- Medical Imaging, Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pelekanos
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Instituto Di Ricovero E Cura A Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Fiori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Instituto Di Ricovero E Cura A Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Pisa, Italy
| | - Meredith Wynter
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christine Finn
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrea Burgess
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kym Morris
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre (QCPRRC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Walsh
- Medical Imaging, Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, The Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Owen Lloyd
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Whitty
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul A Scuffham
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Baque E, Barber L, Sakzewski L, Ware R, Boyd RN. Characteristics associated with physical activity capacity and performance in children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 2017; 31:667-673. [PMID: 28421820 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1291990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine characteristics associated with physical activity capacity and performance in children with acquired brain injury (ABI). METHODS 58 children (32 men; age 11 years 11 months ± 2 years 6 months; Gross motor function classification system [GMFCS] equivalent I = 29, II = 29) >12 months post ABI were recruited. Physical activity capacity measures included: (i) combined score of three 30-second repetition maximum functional strength exercises; (ii) timed up and go; (iii) 6-minute walk test and (iv) high-level mobility assessment tool (HiMAT). Physical activity performance determined time spent in sedentary, light and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was assessed using the Wechsler intelligence scale for Children-IV. Regression models were constructed with functional strength score (n = 56), activity counts/minutes and time spent in MVPA and sedentary (n = 37). RESULTS The HiMAT and FSIQ explained 69% of the variance in functional strength. Age explained 12% of the variance in counts/min and 14% of the variance in time spent sedentary. GMFCS explained 10% of the variance in time spent in MVPA. CONCLUSIONS The ability to perform functional strength exercises is associated with mobility beyond independence and adequate intellectual ability for children with ABI. Age was the most significant factor associated with physical activity performance, and interventions should target adolescents with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmah Baque
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Robert Ware
- b Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,c School of Public Health, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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Baque E, Barber L, Sakzewski L, Boyd RN. Reproducibility in measuring physical activity in children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1692-1698. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1201594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmah Baque
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roslyn N. Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, UQ Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Baque E, Barber L, Sakzewski L, Boyd RN. Test–re-test reproducibility of activity capacity measures for children with an acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1143-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2016.1165869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Baque E, Barber L, Sakzewski L, Boyd RN. Randomized controlled trial of web-based multimodal therapy for children with acquired brain injury to improve gross motor capacity and performance. Clin Rehabil 2016; 31:722-732. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215516651980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmah Baque
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Baque E, Sakzewski L, Barber L, Boyd RN. Systematic review of physiotherapy interventions to improve gross motor capacity and performance in children and adolescents with an acquired brain injury. Brain Inj 2016; 30:948-59. [PMID: 27119733 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2016.1147079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the efficacy of physiotherapy interventions to improve gross motor capacity, performance and societal participation in children aged 5-17 years with an acquired brain injury (ABI). METHODS Randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, cohort, case series, case-control and case studies were included and classified according to grades of evidence. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black (D&B) scale and quantitative data was analysed using effect sizes. RESULTS Two home-based studies investigated functional strength training (one randomized controlled trial, n = 20, level 2b, D&B = 16/32 and one non-randomized self-control study, n = 19, level 4, D&B = 15/32). Four studies evaluated virtual reality including: one pilot study, n = 50, level 4, D&B = 22/32; one single-subject, non-concurrent, randomized multiple baseline study, n = 3, level 4, D&B = 15/32; one case series study, n = 2, level 4, D&B = 15/32; one case study, n = 1, level 4, D&B = 15/32. Effect sizes for the randomized controlled trial ranged between 0.30-1.29 for the Functional Reach and Timed Up and Go outcome measures. CONCLUSION There is preliminary evidence to support the efficacy of physiotherapy interventions to improve gross motor outcomes in children with an ABI. Both functional strength training and virtual-reality based therapy are potential treatment options for clinicians to prescribe in either home or clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmah Baque
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Lee Barber
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- a Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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Pierro J, Krick E, Flory A, Regan R, DeRegis C, Boudreaux B, Barber L, Saam D, Saba C. Febrile neutropenia in cats treated with chemotherapy. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:550-556. [PMID: 27094020 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, potential causative agents, treatment and outcome of febrile neutropenia (FN) in chemotherapy-treated cats. Medical records from eight institutions were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 22 FN events in 20 cats were evaluated. Lymphoma was the most common cancer diagnosis; lomustine and vinca alkaloids were the most frequently implicated causative agents. Presenting clinical signs included decreased appetite, lethargy, vomiting and diarrhoea. Median body temperature and absolute neutrophil count at presentation were 104.1 °F; 40 °C (range: 103.1-105.1 °F; 39.5-40.6 °C) and 246 mL-1 (range: 0-1600 mL-1 ), respectively. Median number of days between chemotherapy administration and FN onset was 5 (range: 4-25 days). All but one cat were treated with intravenous fluids and broad spectrum antibiotics. Fevers resolved in all cases and absolute neutrophil counts returned to normal in 19 cats. Clinical presentation of cats with FN appears similar to that of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pierro
- Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - E Krick
- Department of Clinical Studies, Oncology, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Flory
- Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - R Regan
- Georgia Veterinary Specialists, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C DeRegis
- Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - B Boudreaux
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - L Barber
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - D Saam
- Canada West Veterinary Specialists, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Saba
- Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Obiechina N, Michael A, Bezzina D, Oldfield M, Jones L, Barber L, Naseer N, Jackson C, Jayakumar C. P-256: Prevalence and types of neurally mediated syncope in older people. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Obiechina N, Michael A, Bezzina D, Oldfield M, Jones L, Barber L, Naseer N, Jackson C, Jayakumar C. P-255: Age and gender differences in the haemodynamic response of patients with neurally mediated syncope. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Boyd RN, Baque E, Piovesana A, Ross S, Ziviani J, Sakzewski L, Barber L, Lloyd O, McKinlay L, Whittingham K, Smith AC, Rose S, Fiori S, Cunnington R, Ware R, Lewis M, Comans TA, Scuffham PA. Mitii™ ABI: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based multi-modal training program for children and adolescents with an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). BMC Neurol 2015; 15:140. [PMID: 26286324 PMCID: PMC4544804 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired brain injury (ABI) refers to multiple disabilities arising from damage to the brain acquired after birth. Children with an ABI may experience physical, cognitive, social and emotional-behavioural impairments which can impact their ability to participate in activities of daily living (ADL). Recent developments in technology have led to the emergence of internet-delivered therapy programs. "Move it to improve it" (Mitii™) is a web-based multi-modal therapy that comprises upper limb (UL) and cognitive training within the context of meaningful physical activity. The proposed study aims to compare the efficacy of Mitii™ to usual care to improve ADL motor and processing skills, gross motor capacity, UL and executive functioning in a randomised waitlist controlled trial. METHODS/DESIGN Sixty independently ambulant children (30 in each group) at least 12 months post ABI will be recruited to participate in this trial. Children will be matched in pairs at baseline and randomly allocated to receive either 20 weeks of Mitii™ training (30 min per day, six days a week, with a potential total dose of 60 h) immediately, or be waitlisted for 20 weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention and at 20 weeks post-intervention. The primary outcomes will be the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and 30 s repetition maximum of functional strength exercises (sit-to-stand, step-ups and half kneel to stand). Measures of body structure and functions, activity, participation and quality of life will assess the efficacy of Mitii™ across all domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. A subset of children will undertake three tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging scans to evaluate functional neurovascular changes, structural imaging, diffusion imaging and resting state functional connectivity before and after intervention. DISCUSSION Mitii™ provides an alternative approach to deliver intensive therapy for children with an ABI in the convenience of the home environment. If Mitii™ is found to be effective, it may offer an accessible and inexpensive intervention option to increase therapy dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR12613000403730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Emmah Baque
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Adina Piovesana
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Ross
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jenny Ziviani
- Children's Allied Health Research, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Leanne Sakzewski
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lee Barber
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Owen Lloyd
- Children's Allied Health Research, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lynne McKinlay
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Children's Allied Health Research, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Anthony C Smith
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Stephen Rose
- CSIRO, ICT - Australian e-Health Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Simona Fiori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ross Cunnington
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert Ware
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Melinda Lewis
- Children's Allied Health Research, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tracy A Comans
- Griffith Health Institute and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Paul A Scuffham
- Griffith Health Institute and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Barber L, Hastings-Ison T, Baker R, Kerr Graham H, Barrett R, Lichtwark G. The effects of botulinum toxin injection frequency on calf muscle growth in young children with spastic cerebral palsy: a 12-month prospective study. J Child Orthop 2013; 7:425-33. [PMID: 24432106 PMCID: PMC3838523 DOI: 10.1007/s11832-013-0503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was a 12-month prospective investigation of changes in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle morphology in children aged 2-5 years with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) who had received no previous intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT-A) and were randomised to receive either single or multiple (three) BoNT-A injections to the gastrocsoleus. MG morphological changes were compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) peers. METHODS Thirteen children with spastic CP with a mean age of 45 (15) months and 18 TD children with a mean age of 48 (14) months participated in the study. The principal outcome measures were MG muscle volume, fascicle length, pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), which were obtained using 2D and 3D ultrasound. RESULTS The single and multiple injection frequency groups significantly increased MG muscle volume at 12 months relative to the baseline by 13 and 15 %, respectively. There were no significant differences in the MG muscle volume 28.5 (12.3) versus 30.3 (3.8) ml, fascicle length 48.0 (10.4) versus 44.8 (1.2) mm or PCSA 7.0 (1.2) versus 6.6 (1.7) cm(2) between the single and multiple injection groups, respectively, at 12 months follow-up. The change in MG muscle volume in the single and multiple injection groups was significantly lower than the TD peers by 66 and 60 %, respectively. INTERPRETATION In young children with spastic CP, naive to BoNT-A treatment, MG muscle growth over 12 months does not appear to be influenced by intramuscular BoNT-A injection frequency. However, MG muscle growth in the spastic CP groups was significantly lower than the age-matched TD peers. It is unclear whether this is an effect of intramuscular BoNT-A injections or reduced growth rates in children with spastic CP in general. Controlled investigations and longitudinal studies with multiple measurement time points are required in order to determine the influence of BoNT-A treatment on muscle physiological and mechanical growth factors in young children with spastic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Barber
- />Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029 Australia
| | - Tandy Hastings-Ison
- />Hugh Williamson Gait Laboratory, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia , />Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Richard Baker
- />Centre for Health, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT UK
| | - H. Kerr Graham
- />Hugh Williamson Gait Laboratory, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia , />Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia , />The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Rod Barrett
- />Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Griffith Health Institute and School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Glen Lichtwark
- />The School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
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Pernelle G, Kapur T, Mehrtash A, Penzkofer T, Damato A, Barber L, Schmidt E, Viswanathan A, Cormack R. SU-C-103-05: Automated Interstitial Brachytherapy Catheter Localization From Volumetric MR Data. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4813972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hoit G, Hinkewich C, Tiao J, Porgo V, Moore L, Moore L, Tiao J, Wang C, Moffatt B, Wheeler S, Gillman L, Bartens K, Lysecki P, Pallister I, Patel S, Bradford P, Bradford P, Kidane B, Holmes A, Trajano A, March J, Lyons R, Kao R, Rezende-Neto J, Leblanc Y, Rezende-Neto J, Vogt K, Alzaid S, Jansz G, Andrusiek D, Andrusiek D, Bailey K, Livingston M, Calthorpe S, Hsu J, Lubbert P, Boitano M, Leeper W, Williamson O, Reid S, Alonazi N, Lee C, Rezende-Neto J, Aleassa E, Jennings P, Jennings P, Mador B, Hoffman K, Riley J, Vu E, Alburakan A, Alburakan A, Alburakan A, Mckee J, Bobrovitz N, Gabbe B, Gabbe B, Hodgkinson J, Hodgkinson J, Ali J, Ali J, Grant M, Roberts D, Holodinsky J, Cooper C, Santana M, Kruger K, Hodgkinson J, Waggott M, Da Luz L, Banfield J, Santana M, Dorigatti A, Birn K, Bobrovitz N, Zakirova R, Davies D, Das D, Gamme G, Pervaiz F, Almarhabi Y, Brainard A, Brown R, Bell N, Bell N, Jowett H, Jowett H, Bressan S, Hogan A, Watson I, Woodford S, Hogan A, Boulay R, Watson I, Howlett M, Atkinson P, Chesters A, Hamadani F, Atkinson P, Azzam M, Fraser J, Doucet J, Atkinson P, Muakkassa F, Sathivel N, Chadi S, Joseph B, Takeuchi L, Bradley N, Al Bader B, Kidane B, Harrington A, Nixon K, Veigas P, Joseph B, O’Keeffe T, Bracco D, Rezende-Neto J, Azzam M, Lin Y, Bailey K, Bracco D, Nash N, Alhabboubi M, Slobogean G, Spicer J, Heidary B, Joos E, Berg R, Berg R, Sankarankutty A, Zakrison T, Babul S, Lockhart S, Faux S, Jackson A, Lee T, Bailey K, Pemberton J, Green R, Tallon J, Moore L, Turgeon A, Boutin A, Moore L, Reinartz D, Lapointe G, Turgeon A, Stelfox H, Turgeon A, Nathens A, Neveu X, Stelfox H, Turgeon A, Nathens A, Neveu X, Moore L, Turgeon A, Bratu I, Gladwin C, Voaklander D, Lewis M, Vogt K, Eckert K, Williamson J, Stewart TC, Parry N, Gray D, L’Heureux R, Ziesmann M, Kortbeek J, Brindley P, Hicks C, Fata P, Engels P, Ball C, Paton-Gay D, Widder S, Vogt K, Hernandez-Alejandro R, Gray D, Vanderbeek L, Forrokhyar F, Anatharajah R, Howatt N, Lamb S, Sne N, Kahnamoui K, Lyons R, Walters A, Brooks C, Pinder L, Rahman S, Walters A, Kidane B, Parry N, Donnelly E, Lewell M, Mellow R, Hedges C, Morassutti P, Bulatovic R, Morassutti P, Galbraith E, McKenzie S, Bradford D, Lewell M, Peddle M, Dukelow A, Eby D, McLeod S, Bradford P, Stewart TC, Parry N, Williamson O, Fraga G, Pereira B, Sareen J, Doupe M, Gawaziuk J, Chateau D, Logsetty S, Pallister I, Lewis J, O’Doherty D, Hopkins S, Griffiths S, Palmer S, Gabbe B, Xu X, Martin C, Xenocostas A, Parry N, Mele T, Rui T, Abreu E, Andrade M, Cruz F, Pires R, Carreiro P, Andrade T, Lampron J, Balaa F, Fortuna R, Issa H, Dias P, Marques M, Fernandes T, Sousa T, Inaba K, Smith J, Okoye O, Joos E, Shulman I, Nelson J, Parry N, Rhee P, Demetriades D, Ostrofsky R, Butler-Laporte G, Chughtai T, Khwaja K, Fata P, Mulder D, Razek T, Deckelbaum D, Bailey K, Pemberton J, Evans D, Anton H, Wei J, Randall E, Sobolev B, Scott BB, van Heest R, Frankfurter C, Pemberton J, McKerracher S, Stewart TC, Merritt N, Barber L, Kimmel L, Hodgson C, Webb M, Holland A, Gruen R, Harrison K, Hwang M, Hsee L, Civil I, Muizelaar A, Baillie F, Leeper T, Stewart TC, Gray D, Parry N, Sutherland A, Hart M, Gabbe B, Tuma F, Coates A, Farrokhyar F, Faidi S, Gastaldo F, Paskar D, Reid S, Faidi S, Petrisor B, Bhandari M, Loh WL, Ho C, Chong C, Rodrigues G, Gissoni M, Martins M, Andrade M, Cunha-Melo J, Rizoli S, Abu-Zidan F, Cameron P, Bernard S, Walker T, Jolley D, Fitzgerald M, Masci K, Gabbe B, Simpson P, Smith K, Cox S, Cameron P, Evans D, West A, Barratt L, Rozmovits L, Livingstone B, Vu M, Griesdale D, Schlamp R, Wand R, Alhabboubi M, Alrowaili A, Alghamdi H, Fata P, Essbaiheen F, Alhabboubi M, Fata P, Essbaiheen F, Chankowsky J, Razek T, Stephens M, Vis C, Belton K, Kortbeek J, Bratu I, Dufresne B, Guilfoyle J, Ibbotson G, Martin K, Matheson D, Parks P, Thomas L, Kirkpatrick A, Santana M, Kline T, Kortbeek J, Stelfox H, Lyons R, Macey S, Fitzgerald M, Judson R, Cameron P, Sutherland A, Hart M, Morgan M, McLellan S, Wilson K, Cameron P, Sorvari A, Chaudhry Z, Khawaja K, Ali A, Akhtar J, Zubair M, Nickow J, Sorvari A, Holodinsky J, Jaeschke R, Ball C, Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Zygun D, Kirkpatrick A, Roberts D, Ball C, Blaser AR, Starkopf J, Zygun D, Jaeschke R, Kirkpatrick A, Santana M, Stelfox H, Stelfox H, Rizoli S, Tanenbaum B, Stelfox H, Redondano BR, Jimenez LS, Zago T, de Carvalho RB, Calderan TA, Fraga G, Campbell S, Widder S, Paton-Gay D, Engels P, Ferri M, Santana M, Kline T, Kortbeek J, Stelfox H, Nathens A, Lashoher A, McFarlan A, Ahmed N, Booy J, McDowell D, Nasr A, Wales P, Roberts D, Mercado M, Vis C, Kortbeek J, Kirkpatrick A, Lall R, Stelfox H, Ball C, Niven D, Dixon E, Stelfox H, Kirkpatrick A, Kaplan G, Hameed M, Ball C, Qadura M, Sne N, Reid S, Coates A, Faidi S, Veenstra J, Hennecke P, Gardner R, Appleton L, Sobolev B, Simons R, van Heest R, Hameed M, Sobolev B, Simons R, van Heest R, Hameed M, Palmer C, Bevan C, Crameri J, Palmer C, Hogan D, Grealy L, Bevan C, Palmer C, Jowett H, Boulay R, Chisholm A, Beairsto E, Goulette E, Martin M, Benjamin S, Boulay R, Watson I, Boulay R, Watson I, Watson I, Savoie J, Benjamin S, Martin M, Hogan A, Woodford S, Benjamin S, Chisholm A, Ondiveeran H, Martin M, Atkinson P, Doody K, Fraser J, Leblanc-Duchin D, Strack B, Naveed A, vanRensburg L, Madan R, Atkinson P, Boulva K, Deckelbaum D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Razek T, Fraser J, Verheul G, Parks A, Milne J, Nemeth J, Fata P, Correa J, Deckelbaum D, Bernardin B, Al Bader B, Khwaja K, Razek T, Atkinson P, Benjamin S, Sproul E, Mehta A, Galarneau M, Mahadevan P, Bansal V, Dye J, Hollingsworth-Fridlund P, Stout P, Potenza B, Coimbra R, Madan R, Marley R, Salvator A, Pisciotta D, Bridge J, Lin S, Ovens H, Nathens A, Abdo H, Dencev-Bihari R, Parry N, Lawendy A, Ibrahim-Zada I, Pandit V, Tang A, O’Keeffe T, Wynne J, Gries L, Friese R, Rhee P, Hameed M, Simons R, Taulu T, Wong H, Saleem A, Azzam M, Boulva K, Razek T, Khwaja K, Mulder D, Deckelbaum D, Fata P, Plourde M, Chadi S, Forbes T, Parry N, Martin G, Gaunt K, Bandiera G, Bawazeer M, MacKinnon D, Ahmed N, Spence J, Sankarankutty A, Nascimento B, Rizoli S, Ibrahim-Zada I, Aziz H, Tang A, Friese R, Wynne J, O’keeffe T, Vercruysse G, Kulvatunyou N, Rhee P, Sakles J, Mosier J, Wynne J, Kulvatunyou N, Tang A, Joseph B, Rhee P, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Dias P, Issa H, Fortuna R, Sousa T, Abreu E, Bracco D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Bracco D, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Norman D, Li J, Pemberton J, Al-Oweis J, Khwaja K, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Albuz O, Karamanos E, Vogt K, Okoye O, Talving P, Inaba K, Demetriades D, Elhusseini M, Sudarshan M, Deckelbaum D, Fata P, Razek T, Khwaja K, MacPherson C, Sun T, Pelletier M, Hameed M, Khalil MA, Azzam M, Valenti D, Fata P, Deckelbaum D, Razek T, Brown R, Simons R, Evans D, Hameed M, Inaba K, Vogt K, Okoye O, Gelbard R, Moe D, Grabo D, Demetriades D, Inaba K, Karamanos E, Okoye O, Talving P, Demetriades D, Inaba K, Karamanos E, Pasley J, Teixeira P, Talving P, Demetriades D, Fung S, Alababtain I, Brnjac E, Luz L, Nascimento B, Rizoli S, Parikh P, Proctor K, Murtha M, Schulman C, Namias N, Goldman R, Pike I, Korn P, Flett C, Jackson T, Keith J, Joseph T, Giddins E, Ouellet J, Cook M, Schreiber M, Kortbeek J. Trauma Association of Canada (TAC) Annual Scientific Meeting. The Westin Whistler Resort & Spa, Whistler, BC, Thursday, Apr. 11 to Saturday, Apr. 13, 2013Testing the reliability of tools for pediatric trauma teamwork evaluation in a North American high-resource simulation settingThe association of etomidate with mortality in trauma patientsDefinition of isolated hip fractures as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a systematic reviewEstimation of acute care hospitalization costs for trauma hospital performance evaluation: a systematic reviewHospital length of stay following admission for traumatic injury in Canada: a multicentre cohort studyPredictors of hospital length of stay following traumatic injury: a multicentre cohort studyInfluence of the heterogeneity in definitions of an isolated hip fracture used as an exclusion criterion in trauma centre performance evaluations: a multicentre cohort studyPediatric trauma, advocacy skills and medical studentsCompliance with the prescribed packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma and platelet ratio for the trauma transfusion pathway at a level 1 trauma centreEarly fixed-wing aircraft activation for major trauma in remote areasDevelopment of a national, multi-disciplinary trauma crisis resource management curriculum: results from the pilot courseThe management of blunt hepatic trauma in the age of angioembolization: a single centre experienceEarly predictors of in-hospital mortality in adult trauma patientsThe impact of open tibial fracture on health service utilization in the year preceding and following injuryA systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of red blood cell transfusion in the trauma populationSources of support for paramedics managing work-related stress in a Canadian EMS service responding to multisystem trauma patientsAnalysis of prehospital treatment of pain in the multisystem trauma patient at a community level 2 trauma centreIncreased mortality associated with placement of central lines during trauma resuscitationChronic pain after serious injury — identifying high risk patientsEpidemiology of in-hospital trauma deaths in a Brazilian university teaching hospitalIncreased suicidality following major trauma: a population-based studyDevelopment of a population-wide record linkage system to support trauma researchInduction of hmgb1 by increased gut permeability mediates acute lung injury in a hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation mouse modelPatients who sustain gunshot pelvic fractures are at increased risk for deep abscess formation: aggravated by rectal injuryAre we transfusing more with conservative management of isolated blunt splenic injury? A retrospective studyMotorcycle clothesline injury prevention: Experimental test of a protective deviceA prospective analysis of compliance with a massive transfusion protocol - activation alone is not enoughAn evaluation of diagnostic modalities in penetrating injuries to the cardiac box: Is there a role for routine echocardiography in the setting of negative pericardial FAST?Achievement of pediatric national quality indicators — an institutional report cardProcess mapping trauma care in 2 regional health authorities in British Columbia: a tool to assist trauma sys tem design and evaluationPatient safety checklist for emergency intubation: a systematic reviewA standardized flow sheet improves pediatric trauma documentationMassive transfusion in pediatric trauma: a 5-year retrospective reviewIs more better: Does a more intensive physiotherapy program result in accelerated recovery for trauma patients?Trauma care: not just for surgeons. Initial impact of implementing a dedicated multidisciplinary trauma team on severely injured patientsThe role of postmortem autopsy in modern trauma care: Do we still need them?Prototype cervical spine traction device for reduction stabilization and transport of nondistraction type cervical spine injuriesGoing beyond organ preservation: a 12-year review of the beneficial effects of a nonoperative management algorithm for splenic traumaAssessing the construct validity of a global disability measure in adult trauma registry patientsThe mactrauma TTL assessment tool: developing a novel tool for assessing performance of trauma traineesA quality improvement approach to developing a standardized reporting format of ct findings in blunt splenic injuriesOutcomes in geriatric trauma: what really mattersFresh whole blood is not better than component therapy (FFP:RBC) in hemorrhagic shock: a thromboelastometric study in a small animal modelFactors affecting mortality of chest trauma patients: a prospective studyLong-term pain prevalence and health related quality of life outcomes for patients enrolled in a ketamine versus morphine for prehospital traumatic pain randomized controlled trialDescribing pain following trauma: predictors of persistent pain and pain prevalenceManagement strategies for hemorrhage due to pelvic trauma: a survey of Canadian general surgeonsMajor trauma follow-up clinic: Patient perception of recovery following severe traumaLost opportunities to enhance trauma practice: culture of interprofessional education and sharing among emergency staffPrehospital airway management in major trauma and traumatic brain injury by critical care paramedicsImproving patient selection for angiography and identifying risk of rebleeding after angioembolization in the nonoperative management of high grade splenic injuriesFactors predicting the need for angioembolization in solid organ injuryProthrombin complex concentrates use in traumatic brain injury patients on oral anticoagulants is effective despite underutilizationThe right treatment at the right time in the right place: early results and associations from the introduction of an all-inclusive provincial trauma care systemA multicentre study of patient experiences with acute and postacute injury carePopulation burden of major trauma: Has introduction of an organized trauma system made a difference?Long-term functional and return to work outcomes following blunt major trauma in Victoria, AustraliaSurgical dilemma in major burns victim: heterotopic ossification of the tempromandibular jointWhich radiological modality to choose in a unique penetrating neck injury: a differing opinionThe Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) program in CanadaThe Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) in Pakistan: Is there a role?Novel deployment of BC mobile medical unit for coverage of BMX world cup sporting eventIncidence and prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisRisk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill or injured adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisA comparison of quality improvement practices at adult and pediatric trauma centresInternational trauma centre survey to evaluate content validity, usability and feasibility of quality indicatorsLong-term functional recovery following decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injuryMorbidity and mortality associated with free falls from a height among teenage patients: a 5-year review from a level 1 trauma centreA comparison of adverse events between trauma patients and general surgery patients in a level 1 trauma centreProcoagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis in severely bleeding trauma patients: a laboratorial characterization of the early trauma coagulopathyThe use of mobile technology to facilitate surveillance and improve injury outcome in sport and physical activityIntegrated knowledge translation for injury quality improvement: a partnership between researchers and knowledge usersThe impact of a prevention project in trauma with young and their learningIntraosseus vascular access in adult trauma patients: a systematic reviewThematic analysis of patient reported experiences with acute and post-acute injury careAn evaluation of a world health organization trauma care checklist quality improvement pilot programProspective validation of the modified pediatric trauma triage toolThe 16-year evolution of a Canadian level 1 trauma centre: growing up, growing out, and the impact of a booming economyA 20-year review of trauma related literature: What have we done and where are we going?Management of traumatic flail chest: a systematic review of the literatureOperative versus nonoperative management of flail chestEmergency department performance of a clinically indicated and technically successful emergency department thoracotomy and pericardiotomy with minimal equipment in a New Zealand institution without specialized surgical backupBritish Columbia’s mobile medical unit — an emergency health care support resourceRoutine versus ad hoc screening for acute stress: Who would benefit and what are the opportunities for trauma care?A geographical analysis of the Early Development Instrument (EDI) and childhood injuryDevelopment of a pediatric spinal cord injury nursing course“Kids die in driveways” — an injury prevention campaignEpidemiology of traumatic spine injuries in childrenA collaborative approach to reducing injuries in New Brunswick: acute care and injury preventionImpact of changes to a provincial field trauma triage tool in New BrunswickEnsuring quality of field trauma triage in New BrunswickBenefits of a provincial trauma transfer referral system: beyond the numbersThe field trauma triage landscape in New BrunswickImpact of the Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC) on trauma transfer intervals in a provincial, inclusive trauma systemTrauma and stress: a critical dynamics study of burnout in trauma centre healthcare professionalsUltrasound-guided pediatric forearm fracture reduction with sedation in the emergency departmentBlock first, opiates later? The use of the fascia iliaca block for patients with hip fractures in the emergency department: a systematic reviewRural trauma systems — demographic and survival analysis of remote traumas transferred from northern QuebecSimulation in trauma ultrasound trainingIncidence of clinically significant intra-abdominal injuries in stable blunt trauma patientsWake up: head injury management around the clockDamage control laparotomy for combat casualties in forward surgical facilitiesDetection of soft tissue foreign bodies by nurse practitioner performed ultrasoundAntihypertensive medications and walking devices are associated with falls from standingThe transfer process: perspectives of transferring physiciansDevelopment of a rodent model for the study of abdominal compartment syndromeClinical efficacy of routine repeat head computed tomography in pediatric traumatic brain injuryEarly warning scores (EWS) in trauma: assessing the “effectiveness” of interventions by a rural ground transport service in the interior of British ColumbiaAccuracy of trauma patient transfer documentation in BCPostoperative echocardiogram after penetrating cardiac injuries: a retrospective studyLoss to follow-up in trauma studies comparing operative methods: a systematic reviewWhat matters where and to whom: a survey of experts on the Canadian pediatric trauma systemA quality initiative to enhance pain management for trauma patients: baseline attitudes of practitionersComparison of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) values in massive and nonmassive transfusion patientsMild traumatic brain injury defined by GCS: Is it really mild?The CMAC videolaryngosocpe is superior to the glidescope for the intubation of trauma patients: a prospective analysisInjury patterns and outcome of urban versus suburban major traumaA cost-effective, readily accessible technique for progressive abdominal closureEvolution and impact of the use of pan-CT scan in a tertiary urban trauma centre: a 4-year auditAdditional and repeated CT scan in interfacilities trauma transfers: room for standardizationPediatric trauma in situ simulation facilitates identification and resolution of system issuesHospital code orange plan: there’s an app for thatDiaphragmatic rupture from blunt trauma: an NTDB studyEarly closure of open abdomen using component separation techniqueSurgical fixation versus nonoperative management of flail chest: a meta-analysisIntegration of intraoperative angiography as part of damage control surgery in major traumaMass casualty preparedness of regional trauma systems: recommendations for an evaluative frameworkDiagnostic peritoneal aspirate: An obsolete diagnostic modality?Blunt hollow viscus injury: the frequency and consequences of delayed diagnosis in the era of selective nonoperative managementEnding “double jeopardy:” the diagnostic impact of cardiac ultrasound and chest radiography on operative sequencing in penetrating thoracoabdominal traumaAre trauma patients with hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed by rotem salvageable?The risk of cardiac injury after penetrating thoracic trauma: Which is the better predictor, hemodynamic status or pericardial window?The online Concussion Awareness Training Toolkit for health practitioners (CATT): a new resource for recognizing, treating, and managing concussionThe prevention of concussion and brain injury in child and youth team sportsRandomized controlled trial of an early rehabilitation intervention to improve return to work Rates following road traumaPhone call follow-upPericardiocentesis in trauma: a systematic review. Can J Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1503/cjs.005813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Vail DM, von Euler H, Rusk AW, Barber L, Clifford C, Elmslie R, Fulton L, Hirschberger J, Klein M, London C, Martano M, McNiel EA, Morris JS, Northrup N, Phillips B, Polton G, Post G, Rosenberg M, Ruslander D, Sahora A, Siegel S, Thamm D, Westberg S, Winter J, Khanna C. A randomized trial investigating the efficacy and safety of water soluble micellar paclitaxel (Paccal Vet) for treatment of nonresectable grade 2 or 3 mast cell tumors in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:598-607. [PMID: 22390318 PMCID: PMC3837094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatments for dogs with advanced stage mast cell tumors (MCT) remain a pressing need. A micellar formulation of paclitaxel (paclitaxel [micellar]) has shown promise in early-phase studies. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The objective was to demonstrate greater activity for paclitaxel (micellar) compared with lomustine. The null hypothesis was μ(p) = μ(L) (ie, proportion of responders for the paclitaxel [micellar] and lomustine groups, respectively). ANIMALS Two hundred and fifty-two dogs with advanced stage nonresectable grade 2 or 3 MCT. METHODS Prospective multicenter randomized double-blind positive-controlled clinical trial. The primary endpoint was confirmed overall response rate (CORR) at 14 weeks. A secondary endpoint, biologic observed response rate (BORR), also was calculated. Safety was assessed by the characterization and grading of adverse events (AE). RESULTS Overall CORR (7% versus 1%; P = .048) and BORR (23% versus 10%; P = .012) were greater for paclitaxel (micellar) compared with lomustine. Paclitaxel (micellar)-treated dogs were 6.5 times more likely to have a confirmed response and 3.1 times more likely to experience a biologic observed response. The majority of AE with paclitaxel (micellar) were transient and clinically manageable. Twenty-seven dogs (33%) receiving lomustine were discontinued because of hepatopathy compared with 3 dogs (2%) receiving paclitaxel (micellar) (P < .0001; odds ratio 26.7). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Paclitaxel (micellar)'s activity and safety profile are superior to lomustine. The addition of an active and novel taxane to the veterinary armamentarium could fill a substantial need and, as its mechanism of action and AE profile do not overlap with currently available TKI, its availability could lead to effective combination protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Barber L, Barrett R, Lichtwark G. Passive muscle mechanical properties of the medial gastrocnemius in young adults with spastic cerebral palsy. J Biomech 2011; 44:2496-500. [PMID: 21762920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barber L, Hastings-Ison T, Baker R, Barrett R, Lichtwark G. Medial gastrocnemius muscle volume and fascicle length in children aged 2 to 5 years with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2011; 53:543-8. [PMID: 21506995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.03913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this article was to compare medial gastrocnemius muscle volume, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA), muscle length, fascicle length, and pennation angle in children aged 2 to 5 years with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and in typically developing children. method: Fifteen children with spastic CP (11 males, four females; mean age 45 mo [SD 15 mo]; five with hemiplega; 10 with diplega; 10 classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I, five at GMFCS level II) and 20 typically developing children (11 males, nine females; mean age 48 mo [SD 14 mo]) participated in the study. Individuals with spastic CP were included if they had a minimum range of motion of 0° ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended and were excluded if they had had previous botulinum toxin treatment to the calf muscles or previous calf surgery. Typically developing children were included if they were able to walk independently and were excluded if there was a history of previous lower leg injury or other developmental disorder affecting the lower limb. Freehand two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound was used to assess muscle properties of the relaxed medial gastrocnemius muscle at three ankle joint angles: maximum dorsiflexion, neutral and maximum plantarflexion. PCSA was calculated as a function of muscle volume and muscle fascicle length and pennation angle was recorded at the neutral ankle joint angle. RESULTS Medial gastrocnemius muscle volume was 22% lower in the group with spastic CP than in the typically developing group, which in the absence of significant group differences in neutral fascicle length gave rise to an equivalent reduction in PCSA for the group with spastic CP. Significant positive correlations were found between muscle volume and age (r=0.63-0.65) and between muscle length and age (r=0.72-0.81) in both groups. Maximum ankle dorsiflexion angle was also reduced in the group with spastic CP (8°) compared with the typically developing group (26°). INTERPRETATION The observed reduction in muscle PCSA in the group with spastic CP would be expected to contribute to the clinically observed muscle weakness in spastic CP and suggests the need for early intervention in order to minimize loss of muscle PCSA in spastic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Barber
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
Fixed shortening of a muscle, or contracture, often develops in individuals with an upper motor neuron disorder. A clinical measure of muscle length would therefore be useful for identifying the presence of muscle contracture, tracking changes over time and evaluating the effect of interventions. This study compared a novel ultrasound-tape length method with a previously validated freehand 3D ultrasound method for measuring muscle length. The ultrasound-tape method intra-session reliability was also assessed. Resting medial gastrocnemius muscle length was measured at three ankle joint angles in 15 typically developed (TD) adults and nine adults with cerebral palsy (CP) using the two methods. The ultrasound-tape method on average overestimated the muscle length in the TD group by <0.1% (95% CI, 6%) and underestimated in the muscle length in the CP group by 0.1% (95% CI, 6%) compared with the 3D ultrasound method. Intra-session reliability of the ultrasound-tape method was high, with intra-class correlation coefficients >0.99. The ultrasound-tape method has sufficient accuracy to detect clinically relevant differences and changes in medial gastrocnemius muscle length and may therefore be a useful clinical tool for assessing muscle length changes associated with contracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Barber
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia.
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Barber L, Barrett R, Lichtwark G. Validation of a freehand 3D ultrasound system for morphological measures of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. J Biomech 2009; 42:1313-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wilkerson MJ, Dolce K, Koopman T, Shuman W, Chun R, Garrett L, Barber L, Avery A. Lineage differentiation of canine lymphoma/leukemias and aberrant expression of CD molecules. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 106:179-96. [PMID: 15963817 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry analysis and specific cluster differentiation (CD) molecules were used to determine the expression profiles of B- and T-cell antigens on lymph node preparations from 59 dogs with generalized or multisystemic lymphoma. Lymph node samples from 11 healthy dogs were labeled to validate the specificity of antibodies and to formulate guidelines for interpretation of the results obtained from lymphoma samples. In normal lymph nodes, T-lymphocytes expressing CD3, CD4, or CD8 beta represented 59+/-11%, 43+/-8%, or 16+/-5% of the total cells, whereas B-lymphocytes expressing either CD21 or surface IgM (IgM) represented 37+/-9% or 14+/-5%, respectively. Small lymphocytes could be distinguished from large lymphocytes by forward light scatter. Of the patient samples 29 different breeds were represented with Golden and Labrador retriever being the most common. The lymphoma samples segregated into three groups based on CD antigen expression. Thirty cases predominantly expressed one or more combinations of CD79a, IgM, and CD21 representing a B-cell lineage. Three B-cell cases also expressed the stem cell antigen, CD34. Sixteen cases expressed one or more combinations of CD3, CD4, and CD8 consistent with a T-cell lineage and CD3+CD4+CD8--phenotype was the most common. Thirteen cases showed a mixed expression profile for T- and B-cell antigens and in three cases CD14 was highly expressed. Clinical response was poorest for T-cell lymphomas. Leukemic states occurred in all three phenotypes; but mixed cell cases had the greatest proportion. Dual immunofluorescence staining confirmed co-expression of T-cell (CD3) and B-cell antigens (CD79a or CD21) on neoplastic lymphocytes of six mixed cell cases. In one mixed cell case, dual immunostaining identified lymphocyte populations that stained mutually exclusive for CD79a and CD3. Six mixed cell lymphomas tested by PCR showed clonality for rearranged antigen receptor. Four cases that were CD79a+CD3+ had TCRgamma chain gene rearrangements, whereas two cases that were CD3+CD8+CD21+ had Ig heavy chain rearrangement. One case expressing multiple CD molecules (CD3+CD8+CD21+CD14+) was PCR negative for both Ig and TCRgamma gene rearrangement and could not be classified into a B- or T-cell lineage. We show for the first time co-expression of B- and T-cell markers on lymphoma cells that had specific T- or B-cell gene rearrangements. These findings suggest that aberrant CD molecule expression is not an uncommon finding in canine lymphomas and is a useful diagnostic marker for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wilkerson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Barber L, Friedlich P, Korst L, Kipke M, Seri I. 242 ACCURACY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DATA FOR TERM NEWBORNS WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Barratt DH, Barber L, Kruger NJ, Smith AM, Wang TL, Martin C. Multiple, distinct isoforms of sucrose synthase in pea. Plant Physiol 2001; 127:655-64. [PMID: 11598239 PMCID: PMC125100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2001] [Revised: 05/22/2001] [Accepted: 07/02/2001] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding three isoforms of sucrose synthase (Sus1, Sus2, and Sus3) have been cloned from pea (Pisum sativum). The genes have distinct patterns of expression in different organs of the plant, and during organ development. Studies of the isoforms expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli show that they differ in kinetic properties. Although not of great magnitude, the differences in properties are consistent with some differentiation of physiological function between the isoforms. Evidence for differentiation of function in vivo comes from the phenotypes of rug4 mutants of pea, which carry mutations in the gene encoding Sus1. One mutant line (rug4-c) lacks detectable Sus1 protein in both the soluble and membrane-associated fractions of the embryo, and Sus activity in the embryo is reduced by 95%. The starch content of the embryo is reduced by 30%, but the cellulose content is unaffected. The results imply that different isoforms of Sus may channel carbon from sucrose towards different metabolic fates within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Barratt
- John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Genes encoding three isoforms of sucrose synthase (Sus1, Sus2, and Sus3) have been cloned from pea (Pisum sativum). The genes have distinct patterns of expression in different organs of the plant, and during organ development. Studies of the isoforms expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli show that they differ in kinetic properties. Although not of great magnitude, the differences in properties are consistent with some differentiation of physiological function between the isoforms. Evidence for differentiation of function in vivo comes from the phenotypes of rug4 mutants of pea, which carry mutations in the gene encoding Sus1. One mutant line (rug4-c) lacks detectable Sus1 protein in both the soluble and membrane-associated fractions of the embryo, and Sus activity in the embryo is reduced by 95%. The starch content of the embryo is reduced by 30%, but the cellulose content is unaffected. The results imply that different isoforms of Sus may channel carbon from sucrose towards different metabolic fates within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Barratt
- John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Barber L, Barrio J, de Rojas MD, Ibañez F, Añó C, Alepuz R, Montero R. [Refractory hypotension sustained during general anesthesia due to chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2001; 48:34-7. [PMID: 11234604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative management of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) is controversial because of associated hypertensive episodes during induction and maintenance of anesthesia. A 71-year-old woman with a non-functioning thyroid node was scheduled for thyroid lobectomy. Her medical history included high blood pressure and she was being chronically treated with ACEI, which were taken until the morning of surgery. After induction of anesthesia, arterial hypotension refractory to crystalloid therapy developed and worsened in spite of administration of a gelatin-type colloid (Gelafundina). The patient did not respond to ephedrine or dopamine and required stabilization with adrenalin in continuous perfusion for 12 hours. Later evolution was satisfactory and recovery took place without sequelae. We discuss the anesthetic implications of chronic ACEI treatment and possible hemodynamic repercussions of associated administration with gelatin-type solutions or human albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barber
- Servicio de Anestesia, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia
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44
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Abstract
Medical students' Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale scores were compared by year, sex, and expressed specialty choice. Scores were lower for students choosing non-core specialties, and for M4 men students compared with M3 men students.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Newton
- Department of Anatomy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA.
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45
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Barber L, Egan JJ, Lomax J, Haider Y, Yonan N, Woodcock AA, Turner AJ, Fox AJ. A prospective study of a quantitative PCR ELISA assay for the diagnosis of CMV pneumonia in lung and heart-transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2000; 19:771-80. [PMID: 10967271 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a low predictive value for the identification of CMV pneumonia. This study prospectively evaluated the application of a quantitative PCR Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) assay in 9 lung- and 18 heart-transplant recipients who did not receive ganciclovir prophylaxis. METHODS DNA was collected from peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) posttransplantation. Oligonucleotide primers for the glycoprotein B gene (149 bp) were used in a PCR ELISA assay using an internal standard for quantitation. CMV disease was defined as histological evidence of end organ damage. RESULTS The median level CMV genome equivalents in patients with CMV disease was 2665/2 x 10(5) PMNL (range 1,200 to 61,606) compared to 100 x 10(5) PMNL (range 20 to 855) with infection but no CMV disease (p = 0.036). All patients with CMV disease had genome equivalents levels of >1200/2 x 10(5) PMNL. A cut-off level of 1,200 PMNL had a positive predictive value for CMV disease of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%. The first detection of levels of CMV genome equivalents above a level of 1200/2 x 10(5) PMNL was at a median of 58 days (range 47 to 147) posttransplant. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative PCR assays for the diagnosis of CMV infection may predict patients at risk of CMV disease and thereby direct preemptive treatment to high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barber
- Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, Manchester, UK
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46
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Sorenmo K, Duda L, Barber L, Cronin K, Sammarco C, Usborne A, Goldschmidt M, Shofer F. Canine hemangiosarcoma treated with standard chemotherapy and minocycline. J Vet Intern Med 2000; 14:395-8. [PMID: 10935889 DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2000)014<0395:chtwsc>2.3.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatments for canine hemangiosarcoma include surgery and chemotherapy with doxorubicin, but in spite of treatment most dogs with this disease die within 6 months of diagnosis. Tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis dependent. Antiangiogenic drugs such as minocycline may provide therapeutic benefits in cancer patients. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy with doxorubicin and minocycline, an antiangiogenic agent, in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. Eighteen dogs with histologically confirmed hemangiosarcoma of any stage were treated with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and minocycline. Complete staging was performed before and during the treatment period to assess remission status and response to therapy. No statistically significant difference was found in survival between the dogs treated with chemotherapy and minocycline, and historical controls consisting of dogs that received chemotherapy alone. Postmortem examination revealed widespread metastasis, suggesting that minocycline is ineffective as a single antiangiogenic agent in canine hemangiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sorenmo
- Department of Clinical Studies and Pathobiology, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Preferences for rejoining shoals composed of familiar individuals have recently been documented in a variety of small, shallow-water fish species. Such preferences are assumed to be adaptive, since familiar groups have improved anti-predator defences and more stable dominance hierarchies. However, the design of these studies may have created conditions that elevate preferences for familiar individuals. Furthermore, in natural habitats, where significant opportunities for inter-shoal transfer may exist, it is unclear whether shoals stay together long enough for such preferences to develop. Here we present the results of a laboratory study examining whether prior familiarity influences the subsequent shoal composition of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) allowed to re-assort freely in a large arena tank. We show that fish from different familiarity groups associate with familiar conspecifics significantly more than predicted by a model of random assortment, suggesting that even when there is ample opportunity for inter-group transfer, shoal composition can remain stable. We discuss the phenomena that may lead to the formation of familiar groups in natural habitats. In addition, we suggest that familiarity benefits may reduce the relative value of transferring to otherwise more attractive (e.g. larger or more phenotypically matched) groups, and thereby stabilize shoal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barber
- Kristineberg Marine Research Station, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and Göteborg University, Fiskebäckskil.
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48
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Abstract
Immune‐mediated neutropenia, also termed autoimmune neutropenia (AIN), is an uncommon event, rarely documented within veterinary literature, although the clinical profile and probable pathogenesis have been outlined in detail within medical literature. In this paper, we review 2 different manifestations of this disorder. The 1st case primarily involved peripheral destruction of mature neutrophils, with little impact on marrow precursors, whereas the 2nd case resulted in suppression of neutrophilic granulopoiesis within marrow. In both cases, absolute neutrophil counts dropped below 200/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M McManus
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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49
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Barber L, Egan JJ, Turner AJ, Guiver M, Woodcock AA, Yonan N, Deiraniya AK, Fox AJ. The development of a quantitative PCR ELISA to determine HCMV DNAaemia levels in heart, heart/lung and lung transplant recipients. J Virol Methods 1999; 82:85-97. [PMID: 10507416 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a co-amplified DNA standard to quantitate the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) gene in clinical samples is described. The PCR ELISA is a solution hybridisation system with colorimetric end stage detection of amplicons. A DNA internal standard (IS) was designed by replacing a probe sequence used currently within the gB region with a heterogeneous sequence, allowing co-amplification with the same oligonucleotide primer sets and differentiation by probe hybridisation. Two DNA fragments homologous to the gB and IS sequences were generated and used for co-amplification studies to construct a standard curve. From this the copy number of the gB gene present in clinical samples could be interpolated. Co-amplification with 1000 IS copies allowed quantitation of 10-1000000 gB DNA copies in a single PCR. This assay was validated subsequently using blood samples tested by the HCMV antigenaemia assay and showed a trend of increasing HCMV DNAaemia with increasing antigenaemia levels. This rapid assay avoids using gel electrophoresis and cumbersome quantitative systems. It has the potential for early identification of patients at high risk of developing HCMV disease, and for therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barber
- Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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50
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Davies MG, Fulton GJ, Huynh TT, Barber L, Svendsen E, Hagen PO. Combination therapy of cholesterol reduction and L-arginine supplementation controls accelerated vein graft atheroma. Ann Vasc Surg 1999; 13:484-93. [PMID: 10466992 DOI: 10.1007/s100169900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia contributes to the development of intimal hyperplasia and accelerated atheroma in vein bypass grafts. Dietary cholesterol reduction and oral supplementation with L-arginine have been shown to reduce accelerated atheroma in experimental vein grafts. This study extends these observations by examining the effect of the combination therapy of cholesterol reduction and L-arginine supplementation on the development of intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts in hypercholesterolemic animals. Thirty New Zealand White rabbits had a carotid vein bypass graft performed and were sacrificed at 28 days postoperatively either for morphology (light and electron microscopy) and videomorphometry, or for in vitro contractile studies. Twenty animals received a 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks prior to surgery. This diet was continued until harvest in ten animals. Ten cholesterol-fed animals received L-arginine supplementation (2 g/kg/day, p.o.) for 7 days preoperatively and thereafter until harvest and in addition were returned to a normal diet on the day of surgery. The last ten animals were controls (normal diet). Combined cholesterol reduction and L-arginine supplementation prevented accelerated atheroma in vein grafts, halted the change in enhanced smooth muscle cell contractility, and improved endothelial cell function. Early postoperative therapy targeting atheroma development in the high-risk patient could offer significant morphological and functional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Davies
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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