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Fracella M, Oliveto G, Roberto P, Cinti L, Gentile M, Coratti E, D’Ettorre G, Cavallari EN, Romano F, Santinelli L, Maddaloni L, Frasca F, Scagnolari C, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A. The Epidemiology of Anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women and Men: A Ten-Year Retrospective Observational Study in Rome (Italy). Pathogens 2024; 13:163. [PMID: 38392901 PMCID: PMC10892302 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) commonly infect the anogenital mucosa; most infections are transient, but a fraction of those caused by high-risk (HR) types persist and may lead to anogenital cancer. The epidemiology of HPV genotypes in anal infections in groups at different risk for anal cancer has not been well described in Italy. This retrospective study reports the results of HPV DNA testing and complete genotyping performed on anal swabs from 691 female and male patients attending proctology clinics in Rome during 2012-2021; one-third had repeated testing. Cumulative HPV positivity in 1212 anal swabs was approximately 60%, was not age related, and showed an increasing trend over the study period. HPV rates differed significantly by sex and HIV status: HIV-negative women had the lowest (43.6%) and HIV-positive men the highest (83.5%) HPV prevalence. HIV-positive men had more oncogenic HPV genotypes detected, more multiple infections, and the highest frequency of persistent infections. Two-thirds of all infections were vaccine-preventable. This study found that anal HPV infection rates are still elevated and even increasing in groups at low and high risk of developing anal cancer. Prevention programs need to be improved to reduce rates of anal infection in young women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fracella
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Piergiorgio Roberto
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Lilia Cinti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Eleonora Coratti
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriella D’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (E.N.C.); (F.R.); (L.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00186 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (G.O.); (M.G.); (E.C.); (F.F.); (C.S.); (G.A.)
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Maddaloni L, Santinelli L, Bugani G, Cacciola EG, Lazzaro A, Lofaro CM, Caiazzo S, Frasca F, Fracella M, Ajassa C, Leanza C, Napoli A, Cinti L, Gaeta A, Antonelli G, Ceccarelli G, Mastroianni CM, Scagnolari C, d'Ettorre G. Differential expression of Type I interferon and inflammatory genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e968. [PMID: 37904704 PMCID: PMC10571496 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering the reported efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the Spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in reducing disease severity, the aim of this study was to investigate the innate immune response before and after mAbs treatment in 72 vaccinated and 31 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 patients. METHODS The mRNA levels of IFN-I, IFN-related genes and cytokines were evaluated using RT/real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Vaccinated patients showed increased rate of negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests on nasopharyngeal swab compared with unvaccinated ones after mAbs treatment (p = .002). Unvaccinated patients had lower IFN-α/ω and higher IFN-related genes (IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IRF9, ISG15, ISG56 and IFI27) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β) mRNA levels compared to vaccinated individuals before mAbs (p < .05 for all genes). Increased IFN-α/ω, IFNAR1, IFNAR2 and IRF9 levels were observed in unvaccinated patients after mAbs treatment, while the mRNA expression ISGs and IL-10 were reduced in all patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that anti-S vaccinated patients have increased levels of innate immune genes compared to unvaccinated ones. Also, gene expression changes in IFN genes after mAbs administration are different according to the vaccination status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ginevra Bugani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Elio G. Cacciola
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Chiara M. Lofaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Sara Caiazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Federica Frasca
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Camilla Ajassa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Cristiana Leanza
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Anna Napoli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lilia Cinti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Policlinico Umberto IRomeItaly
| | | | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseasesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Lazzaro A, Bianchini D, Gentilini Cacciola E, Mezzaroma I, Falciano M, Andreoni C, Fimiani C, Santinelli L, Maddaloni L, Bugani G, Ceccarelli G, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G. Immune Reconstitution and Safe Metabolic Profile after the Switch to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate among Virologically Controlled PLWH: A 96 Week Update from the BICTEL Cohort. Viruses 2023; 15:1222. [PMID: 37376522 DOI: 10.3390/v15061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (BIC/FTC/TAF) is a recommended once-daily single-tablet regimen for the treatment of people living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed to assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BIC/FTC/TAF among PLWH, with a specific focus on people older than 55 years. METHODS We recruited an observational retrospective real-life cohort, including all PLWH who underwent a therapeutic switch to BIC/FTC/TAF, independently from the previous treatment regimen (the BICTEL cohort). Longitudinal nonparametric analyses and linear models were built. RESULTS After 96 weeks of follow-up, 164 PLWH were included, with 106 older than 55. Both the intention-to-treat and the per-protocol analysis showed low rates of virologic failure, independent of the pre-switch anchor drug. At week 96, a significant increase in CD4+ T cell count and in CD4+/CD8+ ratio was observed, inversely correlated with baseline immune status. Fasting serum lipid profile, total body weight, BMI, and hepatic function were not affected by the switch, without new onset of metabolic syndrome or weight gain. Compared to baseline, we observed a renal function worsening which is worthy of further follow-up. CONCLUSION BIC/FTC/TAF is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated switching strategy for PLWH, especially among those older than 55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Bianchini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Gentilini Cacciola
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, AOU Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falciano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Andreoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Fimiani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Bugani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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4
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Santinelli L, Lazzaro A, Sciarra F, Maddaloni L, Frasca F, Fracella M, Moretti S, Borsetti A, Bugani G, Alessandri F, Zullino V, Ruberto F, Pugliese F, Sorrentino L, Gianfrilli D, Isidori A, Venneri MA, Mastroianni CM, Ceccarelli G, d’Ettorre G. Cellular Immune Profiling of Lung and Blood Compartments in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030442. [PMID: 36986364 PMCID: PMC10057444 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 related immunopathology may be the driving cause underlying severe COVID-19. Through an immunophenotyping analysis on paired bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood samples collected from mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS), this study aimed to evaluate the cellular immune responses in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 36 paired clinical samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mononuclear cells (BALF-MC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 18 SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University Hospital in Rome (Italy) for severe interstitial pneumonia. The frequencies of monocytes (total, classical, intermediate and non-classical) and Natural Killer (NK) cell subsets (total, CD56bright and CD56dim), as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets [naïve, central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM)], and those expressing CD38 and/or HLADR were evaluated by multiparametric flow cytometry. Results: Survivors with CARDS exhibited higher frequencies of classical monocytes in blood compared to non-survivors (p < 0.05), while no differences in the frequencies of the other monocytes, NK cell and T cell subsets were recorded between these two groups of patients (p > 0.05). The only exception was for peripheral naïve CD4+ T cells levels that were reduced in non-survivors (p = 0.04). An increase in the levels of CD56bright (p = 0.012) and a decrease in CD56dim (p = 0.002) NK cell frequencies was also observed in BALF-MC samples compared to PBMC in deceased COVID-19 patients. Total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels in the lung compartment were lower compared to blood (p = 0.002 and p < 0.01, respectively) among non-survivors. Moreover, CD38 and HLA-DR were differentially expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in BALF-MC and in PBMC among SARS-CoV-2-infected patients who died from COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results show that the immune cellular profile in blood and pulmonary compartments was similar in survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. T lymphocyte levels were reduced, but resulted highly immune-activated in the lung compartment of patients who faced a fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Italian Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0649903591 (S.M.); +39-0649970311 (G.C.)
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Italian Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Bugani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandri
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zullino
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Ruberto
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M. Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (G.C.); Tel.: +39-0649903591 (S.M.); +39-0649970311 (G.C.)
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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5
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Santinelli L, Rossi G, Gioacchini G, Verin R, Maddaloni L, Cavallari EN, Lombardi F, Piccirilli A, Fiorucci S, Carino A, Marchianò S, Lofaro CM, Caiazzo S, Ciccozzi M, Scagnolari C, Mastroianni CM, Ceccarelli G, d'Ettorre G. The crosstalk between gut barrier impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and microbiota alterations in people living with HIV. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28402. [PMID: 36515414 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional and structural damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier significantly contribute to translocation of gut microbial products into the bloodstream and are largely involved in HIV-1 associated chronic immune activation. This microbial translocation is largely due to a progressive exhaustion of intestinal macrophage phagocytic function, which leads to extracellular accumulation of microbial derived components and results in HIV-1 disease progression. This study aims to better understand whether the modulation of gut microbiota promotes an intestinal immune restoration in people living with HIV (PLWH). Long-term virologically suppressed PLWH underwent blood, colonic, and fecal sampling before (T0) and after 6 months (T6) of oral bacteriotherapy. Age- and gender-matched uninfected controls (UC) were also included. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to all participants' fecal microbiota. Apoptosis machinery, mitochondria, and apical junctional complex (AJC) morphology and physiological functions were analyzed in gut biopsies. At T0, PLWH showed a different pattern of gut microbial flora composition, lower levels of occludin (p = 0.002) and zonulin (p = 0.01), higher claudin-2 levels (p = 0.002), a reduction of mitochondria number (p = 0.002), and diameter (p = 0.002), as well as increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p = 0.018) and cCK18 (p = 0.011), compared to UC. At T6, an increase in size (p = 0.005) and number (p = 0.008) of mitochondria, as well as amelioration in AJC structures (p < 0.0001) were observed. Restoration of bacterial richness (Simpson index) and biodiversity (Shannon index) was observed in all PLWH receiving oral bacteriotherapy (p < 0.05). Increased mitochondria size (p = 0.005) and number (p = 0.008) and amelioration of AJC structure (p < 0.0001) were found at T6 compared to T0. Moreover, increased occludin and zonulin concentration were observed in PLWH intestinal tracts and decreased levels of claudin-2, LPS, and cCK18 were found after oral bacteriotherapy (T0 vs. T6, p < 0.05 for all these measures). Oral bacteriotherapy supplementation might restore the balance of intestinal flora and support the structural and functional recovery of the gut mucosa in antiretroviral therapy treated PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, DiSVA-Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, BCA-University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Maddaloni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio N Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara M Lofaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Caiazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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6
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Scordio M, Frasca F, Santinelli L, Sorrentino L, Pierangeli A, Turriziani O, Mastroianni CM, Antonelli G, Viscidi RP, d'Ettorre G, Scagnolari C. High frequency of neutralizing antibodies to type I Interferon in HIV-1 patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2022; 241:109068. [PMID: 35764258 PMCID: PMC9233547 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scordio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina n° 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Frasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina n° 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina n° 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina n° 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina n° 28, 00185 Rome, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina n° 28, 00185 Rome, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina n° 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Frasca F, Scordio M, Santinelli L, Gabriele L, Gandini O, Criniti A, Pierangeli A, Angeloni A, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G, Viscidi RP, Antonelli G, Scagnolari C. Anti-IFN-α/-ω neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients correlate with downregulation of IFN response and laboratory biomarkers of disease severity. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1120-1128. [PMID: 35419822 PMCID: PMC9087404 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of COVID‐19 patients were shown to have neutralizing antibodies (NAB) against IFN; however, NAB specificity, fluctuation over time, associations with biochemical and hematological parameters, and IFN gene expression are not well characterized. Binding antibodies (BAB) to IFN‐α/‐β were screened in COVID‐19 patients’ serum. All BAB positive sera, and a subset of respiratory samples, were tested for NAB against IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω, using an antiviral bioassay. Transcript levels of IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω and IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) were quantified. Anti‐IFN‐I BAB were found in 61 out of 360 (17%) of patients. Among BAB positive sera, 21.3% had a high NAB titer against IFN‐α. A total of 69.2% of anti‐IFN‐α NAB sera displayed cross‐reactivity to IFN‐ω. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB persisted in all patients. NAB to IFN‐α were also detected in 3 out of 17 (17.6%) of respiratory samples. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB were higher in males (p = 0.0017), patients admitted to the ICU (p < 0.0001), and patients with a fatal outcome (p < 0.0001). NAB were associated with higher levels of CRP, LDH, d‐Dimer, and higher counts of hematological parameters. ISG‐mRNAs were reduced in patients with persistently NAB titer. NAB are detected in a significant proportion of severe COVID‐19. NAB positive patients presented a defective IFN response and increased levels of laboratory biomarkers of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orietta Gandini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Criniti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Pinacchio C, Scordio M, Santinelli L, Frasca F, Sorrentino L, Bitossi C, Oliveto G, Viscido A, Ceci FM, Celani L, Ceccarelli G, Antonelli G, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G, Scagnolari C. Analysis of serum microRNAs and rs2910164 GC single-nucleotide polymorphism of miRNA-146a in COVID-19 patients. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:347-364. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2035394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Maria Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University, Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
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9
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Sorrentino L, Silvestri V, Oliveto G, Scordio M, Frasca F, Fracella M, Bitossi C, D’Auria A, Santinelli L, Gabriele L, Pierangeli A, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G, Antonelli G, Caruz A, Ottini L, Scagnolari C. Distribution of Interferon Lambda 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs11322783 Genotypes in Patients with COVID-19. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020363. [PMID: 35208821 PMCID: PMC8876137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFN-III), also known as IFN-Lambda, have a pivotal role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFN-Lambda response among individuals is heterogeneous and its association with COVID-19 symptoms severity needs to be further clarified. We analyzed the genotype frequencies of IFNL4 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11322783 in patients with COVID-19 (n = 128), in comparison with a validated data set of European healthy controls (n = 14152). The IFNL4 SNP was also analyzed according to the haematological and clinical parameters of patients with COVID-19. The distributions of IFNL4 genotypes among SARS-CoV-2 positive patients [TT/TT 41.4% (n = 53), TT/ΔG 47.7% (n = 61) and ΔG/ΔG 10.9% (n = 14)] and healthy controls were comparable. Different levels of white blood cells (p = 0.036) and neutrophils (p = 0.042) were found in the IFNL4 different genotypes in patients with COVID-19; the ΔG/ΔG genotype was more represented in the groups with low white blood cells and neutrophils. There were no differences in major inflammation parameters (C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Albumin, and Lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH)] and survival rate according to the IFNL4 genotypes. In conclusion, although patients with COVID-19 did not exhibit a different distribution of the IFNL4 SNP, the ΔG/ΔG genotype was associated with a lower count of immune cell populations. These findings need to be confirmed in larger groups of patients with COVID-19 and the role of IFNL4 SNP needs to be also investigated in other respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sorrentino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Valentina Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Matteo Fracella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandra D’Auria
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Immunogenetic Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (F.F.); (M.F.); (C.B.); (A.D.); (A.P.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Santinelli L, Laghi L, Innocenti GP, Pinacchio C, Vassalini P, Celani L, Lazzaro A, Borrazzo C, Marazzato M, Tarsitani L, Koukopoulos AE, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G. Oral Bacteriotherapy Reduces the Occurrence of Chronic Fatigue in COVID-19 Patients. Front Nutr 2022; 8:756177. [PMID: 35096923 PMCID: PMC8790565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.756177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long COVID refers to patients with symptoms as fatigue, “brain fog,” pain, suggesting the chronic involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in COVID-19. The supplementation with probiotic (OB) would have a positive effect on metabolic homeostasis, negatively impacting the occurrence of symptoms related to the CNS after hospital discharge. On a total of 58 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 24 (41.4%) received OB during hospitalization (OB+) while 34 (58.6%) taken only the standard treatment (OB–). Serum metabolomic profiling of patients has been performed at both hospital acceptance (T0) and discharge (T1). Six months after discharge, fatigue perceived by participants was assessed by administrating the Fatigue Assessment Scale. 70.7% of participants reported fatigue while 29.3% were negative for such condition. The OB+ group showed a significantly lower proportion of subjects reporting fatigue than the OB– one (p < 0.01). Furthermore, OB+ subjects were characterized by significantly increased concentrations of serum Arginine, Asparagine, Lactate opposite to lower levels of 3-Hydroxyisobutirate than those not treated with probiotics. Our results strongly suggest that in COVID-19, the administration of probiotics during hospitalization may prevent the development of chronic fatigue by impacting key metabolites involved in the utilization of glucose as well as in energy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexia E Koukopoulos
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Lazzaro A, De Girolamo G, Filippi V, Innocenti GP, Santinelli L, Ceccarelli G, Trecarichi EM, Torti C, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G, Russo A. The Interplay between Host Defense, Infection, and Clinical Status in Septic Patients: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020803. [PMID: 35054993 PMCID: PMC8776148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs. Despite significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, its pathogenesis and mechanisms are not clearly understood. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the recent developments in our understanding of the hallmarks of sepsis pathogenesis (immune and adaptive immune response, the complement system, the endothelial disfunction, and autophagy) and highlight novel laboratory diagnostic approaches. Clinical management is also discussed with pivotal consideration for antimicrobic therapy management in particular settings, such as intensive care unit, altered renal function, obesity, and burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Valeria Filippi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Carlo Torti
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (G.D.G.); (V.F.); (G.P.I.); (L.S.); (G.C.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.M.T.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Cavallari EN, Ceccarelli G, Santinelli L, Innocenti GP, De Girolamo G, Borrazzo C, Spagnolello O, Scagnolari C, Arcieri S, Ciardi A, Pierangeli A, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G. Clinical Effects of Oral Bacteriotherapy on Anal HPV Infection and Related Dysplasia in HIV-Positive MSM: Results from the "HPVinHIV" Trial. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111738. [PMID: 34829967 PMCID: PMC8615833 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Anal HPV infection, anal dysplasia and, ultimately, anal cancer are particularly common in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Treatment of anal dysplasia, aiming to prevent evolution to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus, is currently limited to direct ablation and/or application of topical therapy. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of oral bacteriotherapy (Vivomixx® in EU, Visbiome® in USA) on anal HPV infection and HPV-related dysplasia of the anal canal in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Methods. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, quadruple-blinded trial (NCT04099433), HIV-positive men who have sex with men with anal HPV infection and HPV-related dysplasia were randomized to receive oral bacteriotherapy or placebo for 6 months. Anal HPV test, anal cytology and high resolution anoscopy with biopsies of anal lesions were performed at baseline and at the end of the study. Safety and tolerability of oral bacteriotherapy were also evaluated. Interim analysis results were presented. Results. 20 participants concluded the study procedures to date. No serious adverse events were reported. In respect to participants randomized to placebo, individuals in the experimental arm showed higher rate of anal dysplasia regression (p = 0.002), lower rate of onset of new anal dysplasia (p = 0.023) and lower rates of worsening of persistent lesions (p = 0.004). Clearance of anal HPV infection was more frequently observed in the bacteriotherapy group (p = 0.067). Conclusion. Being an interim analysis, we limit ourselves to report the preliminary results of the current study. We refer the conclusions relating to the possible effectiveness of the intervention to the analysis of the definitive data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Ornella Spagnolello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Stefano Arcieri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Ciardi
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Human Pathology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.N.C.); (L.S.); (G.P.I.); (G.D.G.); (C.B.); (O.S.); (C.M.M.); (G.d.)
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
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13
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d'Ettorre G, Gentilini Cacciola E, Santinelli L, De Girolamo G, Spagnolello O, Russo A, Tarsitani L, Ciccozzi M, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G. Covid-19 sequelae in working age patients: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2021; 94:858-868. [PMID: 34655247 PMCID: PMC8661973 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic not yet being under control, post‐Covid‐19 syndrome is already a challenging topic: long‐term multiorgan sequelae, although increasingly described, have not yet been systematized. As post‐Covid‐19 syndrome can significantly impact both the working capacity and the relationship life of surviving patients, we performed a systematic review of the evidence published over the last year and currently available in medical literature search databases (MEDLINE/Pubmed) and searching clinical trial registries, to evaluate the available evidence among workers. From 31 publications that initially matched inclusion criteria, 13 studies have been considered suitable for relevance and age of subjects. A wide range of patients (16%–87%) have post‐Covid syndrome; pneumological and neuropsychological symptoms were the most common disorders reported. The most frequent organic sequel found in post‐Covid patients was pulmonary fibrosis. The number of symptoms during acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, severity of the disease, and high serum levels of d‐dimer were related to high risk of post‐Covid syndrome. In conclusion, post‐Covid‐19 syndrome can significantly impact the health conditions of surviving patients. Rehabilitation and follow‐up in multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs should be considered for working‐age patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elio Gentilini Cacciola
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Spagnolello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tarsitani
- Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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14
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Lazzaro A, Innocenti GP, Santinelli L, Pinacchio C, De Girolamo G, Vassalini P, Fanello G, Mastroianni CM, Ceccarelli G, d’Ettorre G. Antiretroviral Therapy Dampens Mucosal CD4 + T Lamina Propria Lymphocytes Immune Activation in Long-Term Treated People Living with HIV-1. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081624. [PMID: 34442703 PMCID: PMC8402205 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is characterized by a severe deterioration of an immune cell-mediated response due to a progressive loss of CD4+ T cells from gastrointestinal tract, with a preferential loss of IL-17 producing Th cells (Th17), a specific CD4+ T cells subset specialized in maintaining mucosal integrity and antimicrobial inflammatory responses. To address the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing chronic immunological dysfunction and immune activation of intestinal mucosa, we conducted a cross-sectional observational study comparing total IFN-γ-expressing (Th1) and IL-17-expressing (Th17) frequencies of CD4+ T lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) and their immune activation status between 11 male ART-naïve and 11 male long-term ART-treated people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who underwent colonoscopy and retrograde ileoscopy for biopsies collection. Flow cytometry for surface and intracellular staining was performed. Long-term ART-treated PLWH showed lower levels of CD38+ and/or HLA-DR+ LPLs compared to ART-naïve PLWH. Frequencies of Th1 and Th17 LPLs did not differ between the two groups. Despite ART failing to restore the Th1 and Th17 levels within the gut mucosa, it is effective in increasing overall CD4+ T LPLs frequencies and reducing mucosal immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.P.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.P.I.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Gianfranco Fanello
- Department of Emergency Surgery-Emergency Endoscopic Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.S.); (C.P.); (G.D.G.); (P.V.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (G.d.)
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15
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Santinelli L, De Girolamo G, Borrazzo C, Vassalini P, Pinacchio C, Cavallari EN, Statzu M, Frasca F, Scordio M, Bitossi C, Viscido A, Ceccarelli G, Mancone M, Mastroianni CM, Antonelli G, d'Ettorre G, Scagnolari C. Alteration of type I interferon response is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected male patients. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4930-4938. [PMID: 33913525 PMCID: PMC8360015 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Given human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1)‐infected patients have alterations in the type I interferon (IFN‐I) pathway and are also at elevated risk of atherosclerosis, we evaluated IFN‐I response and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) association in HIV‐1‐infected patients. Transcript levels of IFN‐α/β and IFN‐stimulated gene 56 (ISG56) were evaluated by RT/real‐time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from asymptomatic HIV‐1‐positive male patients at high risk of developing CVD (n = 34) and healthy subjects (n = 21). Stenosis degree (≥ or <50%), calcium volume score, calcium Agatston score, and myocardial extracellular volume were examined by coronary computerized tomography scan. Carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT), Framingham risk score, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score, and risk score developed by data collection on adverse effects of anti‐HIV drugs (D:A:D) were also measured. Increased IFN‐α, IFN‐β, and ISG56 levels were observed in all HIV‐1‐infected males compared to healthy controls (p < .001 for all genes analyzed). HIV‐1‐infected patients with a stenosis degree ≥50% showed a higher Framingham risk score (p = .019), which was correlated with IFN‐β and ISG56 levels. HIV‐1‐infected males with enhanced IFN‐I levels and stenosis displayed a higher ASCVD calculated risk (p = .011) and D:A:D score (p = .004). Also, there was a trend toward higher IFN‐α and ISG56 mRNA levels in HIV‐1‐positive patients with an increased cIMT (p > .05). Dysregulation of IFN‐I response might participate in the pathogenesis of HIV‐1‐associated CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Statzu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrology, Anaesthesiology and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, Rome, Italy
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16
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Spagnolello O, Pierangeli A, Cedrone MC, Di Biagio V, Gentile M, Leonardi A, Valeriano C, Innocenti GP, Santinelli L, Borrazzo C, Russo A, Oliveto G, Viscido A, Ciccozzi M, Bertazzoni G, d'Ettorre G, Ceccarelli G. Viral community acquired pneumonia at the emergency department: Report from the pre COVID-19 age. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4399-4404. [PMID: 33783850 PMCID: PMC8250557 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of viruses in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been largely underestimated in the pre‐coronavirus disease 2019 age. However, during flu seasonal early identification of viral infection in CAP is crucial to guide treatment and in‐hospital management. Though recommended, the routine use of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) to detect viral infection has been poorly scaled‐up, especially in the emergency department (ED). This study sought to assess the prevalence and associated clinical outcomes of viral infections in patients with CAP during peak flu season. In this retrospective, observational study adults presenting at the ED of our hospital (Rome, Italy) with CAP from January 15th to February 22th, 2019 were enrolled. Each patient was tested on admission with Influenza rapid test and real time multiplex assay. Seventy five consecutive patients were enrolled. 30.7% (n = 23) tested positive for viral infection. Of these, 52.1% (n = 12) were H1N1/FluA. 10 patients had multiple virus co‐infections. CAP with viral infection did not differ for any demographic, clinic and laboratory features by the exception of CCI and CURB‐65. All intra‐ED deaths and mechanical ventilations were recorded among CAP with viral infection. Testing only patients with CURB‐65 score ≥2, 10 out of 12 cases of H1N1/FluA would have been detected saving up to 40% tests. Viral infection occurred in one‐third of CAP during flu seasonal peak 2019. Since not otherwise distinguishable, NPS is so far the only reliable mean to identify CAP with viral infection. Testing only patients with moderate/severe CAP significantly minimize the number of tests. This study stresses the incidence of viral pneumonia during the flu season and underlies the role of viral infection screening at the ED regardless of the current COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Spagnolello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Emergency Department, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Massimo Gentile
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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17
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Spagnolello O, Pinacchio C, Santinelli L, Vassalini P, Innocenti GP, De Girolamo G, Fabris S, Giovanetti M, Angeletti S, Russo A, Mastroianni CM, Ciccozzi M, Ceccarelli G, d'Ettorre G. Targeting Microbiome: An Alternative Strategy for Fighting SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Chemotherapy 2021; 66:24-32. [PMID: 33756475 PMCID: PMC8089442 DOI: 10.1159/000515344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms are the predominant clinical manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Infecting intestinal epithelial cells, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may impact on host's microbiota and gut inflammation. It is well established that an imbalanced intestinal microbiome can affect pulmonary function, modulating the host immune response ("gut-lung axis"). While effective vaccines and targeted drugs are being tested, alternative pathophysiology-based options to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection must be considered on top of the limited evidence-based therapy currently available. Addressing intestinal dysbiosis with a probiotic supplement may, therefore, be a sensible option to be evaluated, in addition to current best available medical treatments. Herein, we summed up pathophysiologic assumptions and current evidence regarding bacteriotherapy administration in preventing and treating COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Spagnolello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Vassalini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella De Girolamo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fabris
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Unit of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Biomedical Campus, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy,
- Migrant and Global Health Research Organization (Mi-HeRo), Rome, Italy,
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- COVID-19 Unit, Azienda Policlinico "Umberto I" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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18
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Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Pinacchio C, Santinelli L, Innocenti GP, Cavallari EN, Celani L, Marazzato M, Alessandri F, Ruberto F, Pugliese F, Venditti M, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G. Oral Bacteriotherapy in Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2021; 7:613928. [PMID: 33505983 PMCID: PMC7829198 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.613928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 may impact on host microbiota and gut inflammation, infecting intestinal epithelial cells. This possible link and its implications can be investigated by observing the effects of modulation of the microbial flora in patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of mortality, the need of ICU hospitalization and the length of hospitalization in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who received the best available therapy (BAT) vs. patients treated with BAT and supplemented with oral bacteriotherapy. Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study included 200 adults with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All patients received therapeutic regimens including low molecular weight heparin plus one or more between hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, antivirals, and Tocilizumab. Oral bacteriotherapy was used as complementary treatment. Results: Out of the 200 patients, 112 received BAT without oral bacteriotherapy, and 88 BAT with oral bacteriotherapy. Crude mortality was 22%. Eleven percent died in the group of patients treated with BAT plus oral bacteriotherapy vs. 30% subjects in the group of patients managed only with BAT (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, the age >65 years, CRP >41.8 mg/L, Platelets <150.000 mmc, and cardiovascular events were associated with the increased risk of mortality. Oral bacteriotherapy was an independent variable associated with a reduced risk for death. Despite large prospective trials are needed, this study highlights a possible role for oral bacteriotherapy in the management of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandri
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Ruberto
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Venditti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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19
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Araimo F, Imperiale C, Tordiglione P, Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Alessandri F, Santinelli L, Innocenti GP, Pinacchio C, Mauro V, Recchia GE, Zancla S, Calò A, Poscia R, Ruberto F, d'Ettorre G, Bilotta F, Mastroianni C, Pugliese F. Ozone as adjuvant support in the treatment of COVID-19: A preliminary report of probiozovid trial. J Med Virol 2020; 93:2210-2220. [PMID: 33111980 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of new therapeutic resources against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a priority in clinical research considering the minimal options currently available. To evaluate the adjuvant use of systemic oxygen-ozone administration in the early control of disease progression in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. PROBIOZOVID is an ongoing, interventional, randomized, prospective, and double-arm trial enrolling patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. From a total of 85 patients screened, 28 were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into ozone-autohemotherapy group (14) and control group (14). The procedure consisted in a daily double-treatment with systemic Oxygen-ozone administration for 7 days. All patients were treated with ad interim best available therapy. The primary outcome was delta in the number of patients requiring orotracheal-intubation despite treatment. Secondary outcome was the difference of mortality between the two groups. Moreover, hematological parameters were compared before and after treatment. No differences in the characteristics between groups were observed at baseline. As a preliminary report we have observed that one patient for each group needed intubation and was transferred to ITU. No deaths were observed at 7-14 days of follow up. Thirty-day mortality was 8.3% for ozone group and 10% for controls. Ozone therapy did not significantly influence inflammation markers, hematology profile, and lymphocyte subpopulations of patients treated. Ozone therapy had an impact on the need for the ventilatory support, although did not reach statistical significance. Finally, no adverse events related to the use of ozone-autohemotherapy were reported. Preliminary results, although not showing statistically significant benefits of ozone on COVID-19, did not report any toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Araimo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Imperiale
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tordiglione
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Azienda Universitaria-Ospedaliera Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandri
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vera Mauro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gregorio Egidio Recchia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Zancla
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calò
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Poscia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Azienda Universitaria-Ospedaliera Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Ruberto
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Mastroianni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Azienda Universitaria-Ospedaliera Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Azienda Universitaria-Ospedaliera Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
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20
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d’Ettorre G, Recchia G, Ridolfi M, Siccardi G, Pinacchio C, Innocenti GP, Santinelli L, Frasca F, Bitossi C, Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Antonelli G, Scagnolari C, Mastroianni CM. Analysis of type I IFN response and T cell activation in severe COVID-19/HIV-1 coinfection: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21803. [PMID: 32899009 PMCID: PMC7478511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Complex immune dysregulation in interferon (IFN) and T cell response has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected patients as well as in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)/HIV-1 coinfection has been described in only few cases worldwide and no data are available on immunological outcomes in HIV-1-patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Hence, this study aims to compare type I IFN response and T cell activation levels between a SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient and age-matched HIV-1-positive or uninfected women. PATIENT CONCERNS A 52-year-old woman diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1 coinfection, ten HIV-1-positive women and five age-matched-healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. DIAGNOSES SARS-CoV-2 infection caused severe pneumonia in the second week of illness in HIV-1-positive patient under protease inhibitors. Chest high-resolution computed tomography images of the SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected patient showed bilateral ground-glass opacities. INTERVENTIONS SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-coinfected female patient under darunavir/cobicistat regimen received a 7-days hydroxychloroquine therapy. Analysis of IFNα/β mRNA levels and CD4 and CD8 T cell (CD38, human leukocyte antigen-DR [HLA-DR], CD38 HLA-DR) frequencies were performed by RT/real-time PCR assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Median relative difference (MRD) was calculated for each immunological variable. For values greater than reference, MRD should be a positive number and for values that are smaller, MRD should be negative. OUTCOMES The severe pneumonia observed in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-1-positive patient under protease inhibitors was reversed by a 7-days hydroxychloroquine therapy. At the end of treatment, on day 7, patient reported resolution of fever, normalization of respiratory rate (14 breaths/min), and improved oxygen arterial pressure with a FiO2 of 30%. MRD values for IFNα/β and CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing CD38 and/or HLA-DR found in SARS-CoV-2-/HIV-1-coinfected woman were approximatively equal to 0 when refereed respectively to HIV-1-positive female patients [MRDs IFNα/β: median -0.2545 (range: -0.5/0.1); T cells: median -0.11 (range: -0.8/1.3)] and ≥ 6 when referred to healthy individuals [MRDs IFNα/β: median 28.45 (range: 15/41.9); T cells: median 10 (range 6/22)]. LESSONS These results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-1-positive female patient was associated with increased levels of IFNα/β-mRNAs and T cell activation compared to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Gregorio Recchia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Marco Ridolfi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Guido Siccardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155
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21
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Falasca F, Cavallari EN, Innocenti GP, Scagnolari C, Mezzaroma I, Santinelli L, Ceccarelli G, Vullo V, Turriziani O, d'Ettorre G. Antiviral Activity of Fecal Water Samples from HIV-1 Infected Subjects Treated with a Specific Probiotic Formulation. Curr HIV Res 2020; 17:183-189. [PMID: 31490760 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x17666190903230622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate if the supplementation with multistrain probiotics may be able to modulate T cell response in HIV-1 infected patients and to evaluate the anti-HIV activity of probiotic by studying fecal water (FW) samples. METHODS Three HIV-1-positive patients (Pt1, Pt2 and Pt3) on long-term suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) received a specific multi-strain probiotic supplementation (Vivomixx ®), for six months (T6). Levels of T cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry. Anti- HIV activity of FW samples was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS CD4+ T cells levels increased in all HIV-1 infected patients whereas activation markers (CD38 and HLA-DR) were decreased both on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. FW samples presented an increased inhibitory activity against HIV-1 compared to T0 (FW-Pt1: T0 =40%, T6 = 65% of reduction; FW Pt2: T0 = 26%, T6 = 46% of reduction; FW Pt3: T0 = 47%, T6 = 94% of reduction). DISCUSSION Our data suggest that the administration of the specific probiotic formulation improves the antiviral status of people living with HIV-1 under cART, also modulating T cell response. CONCLUSION Anti-HIV activity of FW may have several public health and social implications for sexually transmitted diseases that need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Infusino F, Marazzato M, Mancone M, Fedele F, Mastroianni CM, Severino P, Ceccarelli G, Santinelli L, Cavarretta E, Marullo AGM, Miraldi F, Carnevale R, Nocella C, Biondi-Zoccai G, Pagnini C, Schiavon S, Pugliese F, Frati G, d’Ettorre G. Diet Supplementation, Probiotics, and Nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1718. [PMID: 32521760 PMCID: PMC7352781 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) global pandemic is a devastating event that is causing thousands of victims every day around the world. One of the main reasons of the great impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is its unexpected spread, which has not allowed an adequate preparation. The scientific community is fighting against time for the production of a vaccine, but it is difficult to place a safe and effective product on the market as fast as the virus is spreading. Similarly, for drugs that can directly interfere with viral pathways, their production times are long, despite the great efforts made. For these reasons, we analyzed the possible role of non-pharmacological substances such as supplements, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in reducing the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection or mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19. These substances could have numerous advantages in the current circumstances, are generally easily available, and have negligible side effects if administered at the already used and tested dosages. Large scientific evidence supports the benefits that some bacterial and molecular products may exert on the immune response to respiratory viruses. These could also have a regulatory role in systemic inflammation or endothelial damage, which are two crucial aspects of COVID-19. However, there are no specific data available, and rigorous clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the putative benefits of diet supplementation, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Infusino
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Paolo Severino
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino G. M. Marullo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (M.M.); (F.F.); (P.S.); (F.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristiano Pagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Addolorata, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialities “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (E.C.); (A.G.M.M.); (R.C.); (G.B.-Z.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.M.); (G.C.); (L.S.)
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23
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Santinelli L, Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Innocenti GP, Frasca F, Cavallari EN, Celani L, Nonne C, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G. Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32357901 PMCID: PMC7195770 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gender-specific studies remain a neglected area of biomedical research. Recent reports have emphasized that sex-related biological factors may affect disease progression during HIV-1 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sex on the levels of immune activation in the gut and in peripheral blood of individuals with HIV treated with fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Thirty individuals with HIV undergoing long-term fully suppressive ART were enrolled in this study. Lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from gut biopsies collected by pancolonoscopy and peripheral blood samples. The expression of markers of immune activation was evaluated by multi-parametric flow cytometry. This is a sub analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02276326 RESULTS: We observed differences in the levels of immune activation in the gut and in PBMCs, with values higher in the gut compartment compared to PBMCs. In addition, we found that the mean value of the levels of immune activation was higher in the women than in the men. Finally, we measured the markers of immune activation by mean relative difference (MRD) and confirmed the higher value in the women. CONCLUSION A significant sex-related difference in the level of immune activation was observed in a population of individuals with HIV on long-term ART. A more complete characterization of these differences may support the introduction of sex-specific approaches in the clinical management of individuals with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Frasca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Nonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Ceccarelli G, Pinacchio C, Santinelli L, Adami PE, Borrazzo C, Cavallari EN, Vullo A, Innocenti GP, Mezzaroma I, Mastroianni CM, d’Ettorre G. Physical Activity and HIV: Effects on Fitness Status, Metabolism, Inflammation and Immune-Activation. AIDS Behav 2020; 24:1042-1050. [PMID: 31016505 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-019-02510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies evidenced that a sedentary lifestyle is related with higher levels of systemic inflammation and highlighted that physical activity can trigger anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the impact of self-prescribed physical activity on fitness status, metabolism, inflammation and immune-activation in people living with HIV, an interim analysis of the results of the clinical trial PRIMO (NCT03392805) was performed. Patients enrolled were divided in 2 groups on the basis of self-prescribed physical activity: a physically active group (self-prescribed physical activity) and a sedentary group. Physical fitness was evaluated by sport medicine specialists and related to nutritional status, anthropometric variables, adipokines levels (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), peripheral immune-activation (CD38, HLA-DR on CD4 and CD8), and plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α). The physically active group had a better profile in anthropometric measures and aerobic fitness but did not show lower levels of immune-activation compared to sedentary group. Also serum IL-6, TNF-α, and adipokines levels showed no statistical differences. On the basis of these data, a regular self-organized physical activity seems useful to improve cardio-respiratory fitness, but unable to control HIV-related immune-activation.
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25
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Santinelli L, Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Celani L, Pavone P, Innocenti GP, Spagnolello O, Fimiani C, Ceci F, Di Sora F, Mezzaroma I, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G. Real word outcomes associated with use of raltegravir in older people living with HIV: results from the 60 months follow-up of the RAL-age cohort. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:485-492. [PMID: 32096433 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1733415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In people living with HIV (PLWH), antiretroviral treatments have increased the median life expectancy. Raltegravir (RAL) represents a long-term safe regimen used both in the first-line antiretroviral treatments and in the optimization strategies. Aim of the study was to evaluate the real-life efficacy, tolerability, and safety of the long-term RAL use in a multicenter cohort of elderly PLWH.Methods: A 60-month follow-up observational study was carried out in the RAL-AGE Cohort including aged PLWH (≥60 years old) treated with RAL-based regimens (n = 96). The control group was a cohort of PLWH aged less than 60 years (n = 50).Results: RAL treated aged HIV population experiences an increase of CD4+ cells and a stable control of viral load at 60 months of follow-up. A significant improvement in lipid metabolism profile, a decrease of platelet count and a reduction in cardiovascular risk levels were observed in the older population. Immune activation markers expressed on CD4+ T cells decreased compared to baseline, but this difference was greater in the control group.Conclusion: A 60-month treatment with RAL-containing regimens is safe and highly effective in the older PLWH and these data give new insights on the elderly population.Clinical trial registration: NCT02765776 and NCT03579485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pavone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Spagnolello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Infectious Diseases Clinic, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.,Emergency Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, EMERGE - Emergency Medicine Research Group Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caterina Fimiani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Di Sora
- Emergency Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, EMERGE - Emergency Medicine Research Group Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Unit of Clinical Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni-Addolorata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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26
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Ceccarelli G, Borrazzo C, Lazzaro A, Innocenti GP, Celani L, Cavallari EN, Pinacchio C, Santinelli L, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G. Diagnostic Issues of Asymptomatic Neurosyphilis in HIV-Positive Patients: A Retrospective Study. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100278. [PMID: 31627294 PMCID: PMC6826495 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Asymptomatic neurosyphilis (ANS) is a disease that is difficult to diagnose in people living with HIV (PLWH). The European Guidelines on the management of syphilis suggest that ANS should be suspected and thus the lumbar puncture (LP) should be performed in cases of (1) late syphilis (acquired >2 years previously), (2) CD4+ cells ≤ 350/mm3 and/or a serum Venereal Disease Research Laboratory/Rapid Plasma Reagin (VDRL/RPR) title > 1:32, (3) “serological failure” after syphilis therapy, and (4) the use of alternative treatment for syphilis. In the present study, we aimed to verify the accuracy of the guideline’s criteria for the indication of LP in the suspicion of ANS in a cohort of PLWH. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a cohort of PLWH referred at a single medical center of a large academic hospital in Italy. Clinical and laboratory data of patients diagnosed with late syphilis were extracted from the cohort and analyzed. The European Guidelines of syphilis were adopted for patient management. Results: Out of a cohort of 713 PLWH, only 51 (7%) had a diagnosis of late syphilis and were therefore included in the study. Thirty-one subjects (61%) met one or more diagnostic criteria to perform LP: 39% (12/31) of patients undergoing LP had a diagnosis of ANS. The accuracy of predictive criteria for ANS, suggested by the guidelines, was 62% for RPR > 1:32 and 74% for CD4+ ≤ 350 cc/µL. The simultaneous occurrence of both criteria (RPR > 1:32 plus CD4+ ≤ 350 cc/µL) achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 59%. Interestingly, only 17% of patients who underwent LP for serological failure were eventually diagnosed positive for ANS. Conclusion: Asymptomatic neurosyphilis represents a challenging, but not uncommon, diagnosis. Therefore, it requires a careful investigation. Low CD4+ cell count and RPR > 1:32 remain excellent predictors of neurosyphilis, but have become the only acceptable predictors of ANS in PLWH. “Serologic failure” should be regarded with caution as a criterion to perform LP in order to investigate possible ANS in HIV-syphilis coinfected patients asymptomatic for neurological disorders. The retrospective nature of this single-site study may represent a limit to the interpretation of the data. Thus, larger clinical studies on the topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Lazzaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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Ceccarelli G, Statzu M, Santinelli L, Pinacchio C, Bitossi C, Cavallari EN, Vullo V, Scagnolari C, d'Ettorre G. Challenges in the management of HIV infection: update on the role of probiotic supplementation as a possible complementary therapeutic strategy for cART treated people living with HIV/AIDS. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:949-965. [PMID: 31260331 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1638907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Recent insights show that gut-mucosal immunity and intestinal microbiota play a key role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection. Alterations in the composition of intestinal flora (dysbiosis) could be associated with an impaired intestinal epithelium barrier activity and an impaired mucosal immunity function, significantly contributing to microbial translocation which is considered a major driver of chronic immune activation. Areas covered: This article provides an overview on the novel trends in probiotic therapy application. A particular emphasis is addressed to the importance of probiotics as a novel strategy to attenuate or prevent gastrointestinal involvement and to improve gut-mucosal immunity in HIV-infected subjects. Therefore, opportunities, limits and methodological criticalities of supplementation with probiotic therapy are considered and analyzed. Expert opinion: Use of probiotics is emerging as a novel strategy to manage dysbiosis and gut-mucosal impairment, to reduce immune activation and to limit a number of non-AIDS-related disorders. However, despite the growing use of probiotic therapy, mechanisms by which oral bacteria intake exhibits its effects are strain-related and disease-specific, hence clinicians need to take these two factors into consideration when suggesting probiotic supplementation to HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maura Statzu
- b Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- b Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- b Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- b Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - GabrieIla d'Ettorre
- a Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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De Angelis M, Scagnolari C, Oliva A, Cavallari EN, Celani L, Santinelli L, Innocenti GP, Borrazzo C, Ceccarelli G, Vullo V, d'Ettorre G. Short-Term Probiotic Administration Increases Fecal-Anti Candida Activity in Healthy Subjects. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E162. [PMID: 31163660 PMCID: PMC6616593 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans' ability to evade host immune responses represents a serious threat for vulnerable patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate if (1) feces from healthy subjects exert anti-Candida activity; (2) fecal anti-Candida activity is modified by probiotic administration and (3) different probiotic differently modulate anti-Candida activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Feces from healthy donors were analyzed before and after seven days of dietary supplementation with two different probiotic formulations (VSL#3®; Vivomixx®). Candida albicans was cultured with decreasing concentrations of diluted feces, obtained before and after the treatment period. The relationship between anti-Candida activity of feces, interferon-α, anti-interferon-α antibodies and the expression of MxA, ISG15 and IFNAR1 was also evaluated. RESULTS Feces obtained prior to probiotic intake and feces collected after supplementation with VSL#3® did not affect Candida albicans growth. On the contrary, a 3log10 inhibition of Candida development was observed after Vivomixx® intake. Interferon-α played a role in the inhibition of Candida growth. CONCLUSION Fecal anti-Candida activity was not observed prior to probiotic supplementation. Seven days of administration of Vivomixx® increased fecal anti-Candida activity, the same effect was not observed after intake of VSL#3®. The probiotic-induced anti-Candida activity seems to be related to an increased local production and release of interferon-α. Clinical trials are needed to determine if a short pretreatment with specific probiotic formulations may increase anti-Candida defenses in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Experimental Medicine- Virology section, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Nelson Cavallari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Luigi Celani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pietro Innocenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Cristian Borrazzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Santinelli L, Statzu M, Pierangeli A, Frasca F, Bressan A, Pinacchio C, Nonne C, Turriziani O, Antonelli G, d'Ettorre G, Scagnolari C. Increased expression of IL-32 correlates with IFN-γ, Th1 and Tc1 in virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients. Cytokine 2019; 120:273-281. [PMID: 30910260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following recent attention focused on IL-32 as an important component involved in the inflammatory cytokine network, we speculated that IL-32's action on IFN-γ and IFN-γ secreting T cell subsets may help sustain the immune activation and dysregulation found in patients with HIV-1 achieving viral suppression. To explore this hypothesis, transcript levels of IL-32 and IFN-γ were evaluated in PBMC from 139 virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected patients and from 63 healthy individuals by Real Time RT-PCR assays. IL-32 and IFN-γ mRNA levels were also analyzed in CD4+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) of the gut district in a subgroup of HIV-1-infected subjects. IFN-γ secreting CD4+ (Th1) and CD8+ (Tc1) T cell subset frequencies were evaluated in LPL by multiparametric flow cytometry. Gene expression results revealed that IL-32 and IFN-γ levels in PBMC from HIV-1-positive patients were significantly elevated compared to those from healthy donors, correlated with each other and increased with patient age. Both IL-32 and IFN-γ genes were also more strongly expressed in CD4+ T cells than in CD14+ monocytes. By contrast, IL-32 levels in LPL were comparable to those measured in PBMC, while IFN-γ levels were higher in PBMC than those in LPL. Negative correlations were found between IL-32 levels and the frequencies of Th1 and Tc1 subsets in gut mucosa. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence that IL-32 levels remain elevated in treated HIV-1-infected patients and correlate with IFN-γ, Th1 and Tc1 subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Santinelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maura Statzu
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Bressan
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Pinacchio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Nonne
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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