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O'Connor LMJ, Cosentino F, Harfoot MBJ, Maiorano L, Mancino C, Pollock LJ, Thuiller W. Vulnerability of terrestrial vertebrate food webs to anthropogenic threats in Europe. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17253. [PMID: 38519878 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Vertebrate species worldwide are currently facing significant declines in many populations. Although we have gained substantial knowledge about the direct threats that affect individual species, these threats only represent a fraction of the broader vertebrate threat profile, which is also shaped by species interactions. For example, threats faced by prey species can jeopardize the survival of their predators due to food resource scarcity. Yet, indirect threats arising from species interactions have received limited investigation thus far. In this study, we investigate the indirect consequences of anthropogenic threats on biodiversity in the context of European vertebrate food webs. We integrated data on trophic interactions among over 800 terrestrial vertebrates, along with their associated human-induced threats. We quantified and mapped the vulnerability of various components of the food web, including species, interactions, and trophic groups to six major threats: pollution, agricultural intensification, climate change, direct exploitation, urbanization, and invasive alien species and diseases. Direct exploitation and agricultural intensification were two major threats for terrestrial vertebrate food webs: affecting 34% and 31% of species, respectively, they threaten 85% and 69% of interactions in Europe. By integrating network ecology with threat impact assessments, our study contributes to a better understanding of the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M J O'Connor
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Programme, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Francesca Cosentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Michael B J Harfoot
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
- Vizzuality, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mancino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
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2
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Botella C, Gaüzère P, O'Connor L, Ohlmann M, Renaud J, Dou Y, Graham CH, Verburg PH, Maiorano L, Thuiller W. Land-use intensity influences European tetrapod food webs. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17167. [PMID: 38348640 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Land use intensification favours particular trophic groups which can induce architectural changes in food webs. These changes can impact ecosystem functions, services, stability and resilience. However, the imprint of land management intensity on food-web architecture has rarely been characterized across large spatial extent and various land uses. We investigated the influence of land management intensity on six facets of food-web architecture, namely apex and basal species proportions, connectance, omnivory, trophic chain lengths and compartmentalization, for 67,051 European terrestrial vertebrate communities. We also assessed the dependency of this influence of intensification on land use and climate. In addition to more commonly considered climatic factors, the architecture of food webs was notably influenced by land use and management intensity. Intensification tended to strongly lower the proportion of apex predators consistently across contexts. In general, intensification also tended to lower proportions of basal species, favoured mesopredators, decreased food webs compartmentalization whereas it increased their connectance. However, the response of food webs to intensification was different for some contexts. Intensification sharply decreased connectance in Mediterranean and Alpine settlements, and it increased basal tetrapod proportions and compartmentalization in Mediterranean forest and Atlantic croplands. Besides, intensive urbanization especially favoured longer trophic chains and lower omnivory. By favouring mesopredators in most contexts, intensification could undermine basal tetrapods, the cascading effects of which need to be assessed. Our results support the importance of protecting top predators where possible and raise questions about the long-term stability of food webs in the face of human-induced pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Botella
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pierre Gaüzère
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Louise O'Connor
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Ohlmann
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Renaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Yue Dou
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter H Verburg
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
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3
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Mancino C, Hochscheid S, Maiorano L. Increase of nesting habitat suitability for green turtles in a warming Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19906. [PMID: 38062052 PMCID: PMC10703824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is reshaping global ecosystems at an unprecedented rate, with major impacts on biodiversity. Therefore, understanding how organisms can withstand change is key to identify priority conservation objectives. Marine ectotherms are being extremely impacted because their biology and phenology are directly related to temperature. Among these species, sea turtles are particularly problematic because they roam over both marine and terrestrial habitats throughout their life cycles. Focusing on green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Mediterranean Sea, we investigated the future potential changes of nesting grounds through time, assuming that marine turtles would shift their nesting locations. We modeled the current distribution of nesting grounds including both terrestrial and marine variables, and we projected the potential nesting distribution across the Mediterranean basin under alternative future greenhouse gas emission scenario (2000-2100). Our models show an increase in nesting probability in the western Mediterranean Sea, irrespective of the climate scenario we consider. Contrary to what is found in most global change studies, the worse the climate change scenario, the more suitable areas for green turtles will potentially increase. The most important predictors were anthropogenic variables, which negatively affect nesting probability, and sea surface temperature, positively linked to nesting probability, up to a maximum of 24-25 °C. The importance of the western Mediterranean beaches as potential nesting areas for sea turtles in the near future clearly call for a proactive conservation and management effort, focusing on monitoring actions (to document the potential range expansion) and threat detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mancino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ''Charles Darwin'', Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sandra Hochscheid
- Marine Turtle Research Group, Department of Marine Animal Conservation and Public Engagement, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ''Charles Darwin'', Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Gaüzère P, Botella C, Poggiato G, O'Connor L, Di Marco M, Dragonetti C, Maiorano L, Renaud J, Thuiller W. Dissimilarity of vertebrate trophic interactions reveals spatial uniqueness but functional redundancy across Europe. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5263-5271.e3. [PMID: 37992717 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Identifying areas that contain species assemblages not found elsewhere in a region is central to conservation planning.1,2 Species assemblages contain networks of species interactions that underpin species dynamics,3,4 ecosystem processes, and contributions to people.5,6,7 Yet the uniqueness of interaction networks in a regional context has rarely been assessed. Here, we estimated the spatial uniqueness of 10,000 terrestrial vertebrate trophic networks across Europe (1,164 species, 50,408 potential interactions8) based on the amount of similarity between all local networks mapped at a 10 km resolution. Our results revealed more unique networks in the Arctic bioregion, but also in southern Europe and isolated islands. We then contrasted the uniqueness of trophic networks with their vulnerability to human footprint and future climate change and measured their coverage within protected areas. This analysis revealed that unique networks situated in southern Europe were particularly exposed to human footprint and that unique networks in the Arctic might be at risk from future climate change. However, considering interaction networks at the level of trophic groups, rather than species, revealed that the general structure of trophic networks was redundant across the continent, in contrast to species' interactions. We argue that proactive European conservation strategies might gain relevance by turning their eyes toward interaction networks that are both unique and vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gaüzère
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Giovanni Poggiato
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Louise O'Connor
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France; Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Dragonetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza," University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Julien Renaud
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Valente S, Moro S, Di Lorenzo M, Milisenda G, Maiorano L, Colloca F. Mediterranean fish communities are struggling to adapt to global warming. Evidence from the western coast of Italy. Mar Environ Res 2023; 191:106176. [PMID: 37716279 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has significant impacts on marine ecosystems, resulting in disruptions in biological interactions, shifts in community composition, and changes in the physiology of fish and other marine organisms. In this study conducted in the central Mediterranean Sea, the mean temperature of the catch (MTC) was employed as an indicator to investigate the climatological factors influencing the fish community. The MTC, which utilizes species-preferred temperatures, was calculated using bottom temperature (BT) data weighted against scientific catches. The estimated MTC increasing rates were 0.01 °C year-1 for the entire community, 0.017 °C year-1 for the shelf break, and 0.004 °C year-1 for the continental slope assemblage. We found that MTC is increasing at a lower rate compared to BT, suggesting a progressive under-adaptation of the fish community that seems not fully able to keep up with the ongoing pace of warming. The study identified sea surface temperature and bottom temperature as key drivers of changes in fish community composition. Notably, the fish community composition exhibited drastic changes over the studied period, and we suggest that the MTC can be a useful index to monitor such changes within the context of the EU's climate change adaptation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Valente
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, via Po' 25c, 00189, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Moro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, via Po' 25c, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Di Lorenzo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, I-90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Milisenda
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, I-90149, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Colloca
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, via Po' 25c, 00189, Rome, Italy
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Cosentino F, Castiello G, Maiorano L. A dataset on African bats' functional traits. Sci Data 2023; 10:623. [PMID: 37709808 PMCID: PMC10502069 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait-based approaches are becoming extremely common in ecological modeling and the availability of traits databases is increasing. However, data availability is often biased towards particular regions and taxa, with many taxa (e.g., bats) often under-represented. Here, we present the AfroBaT dataset, a compilation of trait data on 320 African bat species containing 76,914 values for 86 traits focusing on morphology, reproduction, life-history, trophic ecology, and species distributions. All data were gathered from published literature following the ecological trait-data standard procedure. Missing data for both numerical and categorical traits were imputed with a machine learning approach including species phylogeny. Trophic ecology traits showed the highest coverage in the literature (72% of the species averaged over all traits), while reproductive traits the lowest. Our data imputation improved the coverage of AfroBaT especially for reproductive traits, going from 27% to 58% of the species covered. AfroBaT has a range of potential applications in macroecology and community ecology, and the availability of open-access data on African bats will enable collaboration and data-sharing among researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cosentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Castiello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, v.le Santa Margherita 80, 52100, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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7
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Tamagnini D, Michaud M, Meloro C, Raia P, Soibelzon L, Tambusso PS, Varela L, Maiorano L. Conical and sabertoothed cats as an exception to craniofacial evolutionary allometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13571. [PMID: 37604901 PMCID: PMC10442348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among evolutionary trends shaping phenotypic diversity over macroevolutionary scales, CREA (CRaniofacial Evolutionary Allometry) describes a tendency, among closely related species, for the smaller-sized of the group to have proportionally shorter rostra and larger braincases. Here, we used a phylogenetically broad cranial dataset, 3D geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to assess the validity and strength of CREA in extinct and living felids. To test for the influence of biomechanical constraints, we quantified the impact of relative canine height on cranial shape evolution. Our results provided support to CREA at the family level. Yet, whereas felines support the rule, big cats, like Pantherinae and Machairodontinae, conform weakly if not at all with CREA predictions. Our findings suggest that Machairodontinae constitute one of the first well-supported exceptions to this biological rule currently known, probably in response to the biomechanical demands and developmental changes linked with their peculiar rostral adaptations. Our results suggest that the acquisition of extreme features concerning biomechanics, evo-devo constraints, and/or ecology is likely to be associated with peculiar patterns of morphological evolution, determining potential exceptions to common biological rules, for instance, by inducing variations in common patterns of evolutionary integration due to heterochronic changes under ratchet-like evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tamagnini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Zoology Building, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Museum of Zoology, Sapienza Museum Centre, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
| | - Margot Michaud
- Evolution & Diversity Dynamics Lab, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Carlo Meloro
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pasquale Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Soibelzon
- División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina
| | - P Sebastián Tambusso
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Canelones, Servicio Académico Universitario y Centro de Estudios Paleontológicos (SAUCE-P), Universidad de la República, Santa Isabel s/n, 91500, Sauce, Uruguay
| | - Luciano Varela
- Departamento de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Canelones, Servicio Académico Universitario y Centro de Estudios Paleontológicos (SAUCE-P), Universidad de la República, Santa Isabel s/n, 91500, Sauce, Uruguay
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", Zoology Building, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Museum of Zoology, Sapienza Museum Centre, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Caceres-Escobar H, Maiorano L, Rondinini C, Cimatti M, Morand S, Zambrana-Torrelio C, Peyre M, Roche B, Di Marco M. Operationalizing One Health: Environmental Solutions for Pandemic Prevention. Ecohealth 2023; 20:156-164. [PMID: 37477763 PMCID: PMC10613135 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Human pressure on the environment is increasing the frequency, diversity, and spatial extent of disease outbreaks. Despite international recognition, the interconnection between the health of the environment, animals, and humans has been historically overlooked. Past and current initiatives have often neglected prevention under the One Health preparedness cycle, largely focusing on post-spillover stages. We argue that pandemic prevention initiatives have yet to produce actionable targets and indicators, connected to overarching goals, like it has been done for biodiversity loss and climate change. We show how the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework, already employed by the Convention on Biological Diversity, can be repurposed to operationalize pandemic prevention. Global responses for pandemic prevention should strive for complementarity and synergies among initiatives, better articulating prevention under One Health. Without agreed-upon goals underpinning specific targets and interventions, current global efforts are unlikely to function at the speed and scale necessary to decrease the risk of disease outbreaks that might lead to pandemics. Threats to the environment are not always abatable, but decreasing the likelihood that environmental pressure leads to pandemics, and developing strategies to mitigate these impacts, are both attainable goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Caceres-Escobar
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Avenida Manuel Montt 948, edificio A, piso 2, Santiago, Providencia, Chile
- IUCN Species Survival Commission, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Cimatti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Serge Morand
- UMR MIVEGEC, CNRS - IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Marisa Peyre
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- UMR MIVEGEC, CNRS - IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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9
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Cosentino F, Seamark ECJ, Van Cakenberghe V, Maiorano L. Not only climate: The importance of biotic interactions in shaping species distributions at macro scales. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9855. [PMID: 36960236 PMCID: PMC10027549 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic factors are usually considered key drivers of species distribution at macro scales, while biotic interactions are mostly used at local scales. A few studies have explored the role of biotic interactions at macro scales, but all considered a limited number of species and obligate interactions. We examine the role of biotic interactions in large-scale SDMs by testing two main hypotheses: (1) biotic factors in SDMs can have an important role at continental scale; (2) the inclusion of biotic factors in large-scale SDMs is important also for generalist species. We used a maximum entropy algorithm to model the distribution of 177 bat species in Africa calibrating two SDMs for each species: one considering only abiotic variables (noBIO-SDMs) and the other (BIO-SDMs) including also biotic variables (trophic resource richness). We focused the interpretation of our results on variable importance and response curves. For each species, we also compared the potential distribution measuring the percentage of change between the two models in each pixel of the study area. All models gave AUC >0.7, with values on average higher in BIO-SDMs compared to noBIO-SDMs. Trophic resources showed an importance overall higher level than all abiotic predictors in most of the species (~68%), including generalist species. Response curves were highly interpretable in all models, confirming the ecological reliability of our models. Model comparison between the two models showed a change in potential distribution for more than 80% of the species, particularly in tropical forests and shrublands. Our results highlight the importance of considering biotic interactions in SDMs at macro scales. We demonstrated that a generic biotic proxy can be important for modeling species distribution when species-specific data are not available, but we envision that a multi-scale analysis combined with a better knowledge of the species might provide a better understanding of the role of biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cosentino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza University of RomeItaly
| | | | - Victor Van Cakenberghe
- AfricanBats NPCCenturionRepublic of South Africa
- FunMorph Lab, Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”Sapienza University of RomeItaly
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Mendez Angarita VY, Maiorano L, Dragonetti C, Di Marco M. Implications of exceeding the Paris Agreement for mammalian biodiversity. Conservat Sci and Prac 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Dragonetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Italy
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Italy
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11
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González‐Bernardo E, Delgado MDM, Matos DGG, Zarzo‐Arias A, Morales‐González A, Ruiz‐Villar H, Skuban M, Maiorano L, Ciucci P, Balbontín J, Penteriani V. The influence of road networks on brown bear spatial distribution and habitat suitability in a human‐modified landscape. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. González‐Bernardo
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Spanish National Research Council CSIC‐ University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias) Mieres Spain
| | - M. d. M. Delgado
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Spanish National Research Council CSIC‐ University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias) Mieres Spain
| | - D. G. G. Matos
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Spanish National Research Council CSIC‐ University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias) Mieres Spain
| | - A. Zarzo‐Arias
- Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Suchdol Praha Czech Republic
- Universidad de Oviedo Oviedo Asturias Spain
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - A. Morales‐González
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - H. Ruiz‐Villar
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Spanish National Research Council CSIC‐ University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias) Mieres Spain
| | - M. Skuban
- Carpathian Wildlife Society Zvolen Slovakia
- Slovak State Nature Conservancy Banská Bystrica Slovakia
| | - L. Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” University of Rome “La Sapienza” Rome Italy
| | - P. Ciucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” University of Rome “La Sapienza” Rome Italy
| | - J. Balbontín
- Departament of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Seville Sevilla Spain
| | - V. Penteriani
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB, Spanish National Research Council CSIC‐ University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias) Mieres Spain
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12
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Mancino C, Canestrelli D, Maiorano L. Going west: Range expansion for loggerhead sea turtles in the Mediterranean Sea under climate change. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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Gaüzère P, O'Connor L, Botella C, Poggiato G, Münkemüller T, Pollock LJ, Brose U, Maiorano L, Harfoot M, Thuiller W. The diversity of biotic interactions complements functional and phylogenetic facets of biodiversity. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2093-2100.e3. [PMID: 35334226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities are important facets of biodiversity. Studying them together has improved our understanding of community dynamics, ecosystem functioning, and conservation values.1-3 In contrast to species, traits, and phylogenies, the diversity of biotic interactions has so far been largely ignored as a biodiversity facet in large-scale studies. This neglect represents a crucial shortfall because biotic interactions shape community dynamics, drive important aspects of ecosystem functioning,4-7 provide services to humans, and have intrinsic conservation value.8,9 Hence, the diversity of interactions can provide crucial and unique information with respect to other diversity facets. Here, we leveraged large datasets of trophic interactions, functional traits, phylogenies, and spatial distributions of >1,000 terrestrial vertebrate species across Europe at a 10-km resolution. We computed the diversity of interactions (interaction diversity [ID]) in addition to functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD). After controlling for species richness, surplus and deficits of ID were neither correlated with FD nor with PD, thus representing unique and complementary information to the commonly studied facets of diversity. A three-dimensional mapping allowed for visualizing different combinations of ID-FD-PD simultaneously. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of these diversity combinations closely matched the boundaries between 10 European biogeographic regions and revealed new interaction-rich areas in the European Boreal region and interaction-poor areas in Central Europe. Our study demonstrates that the diversity of interactions adds new and ecologically relevant information to multifacetted, large-scale diversity studies with implications for understanding eco-evolutionary processes and informing conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gaüzère
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Louise O'Connor
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Botella
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Poggiato
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tamara Münkemüller
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Ulrich Brose
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Harfoot
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
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14
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Caron D, Maiorano L, Thuiller W, Pollock LJ. Addressing the Eltonian shortfall with trait-based interaction models. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:889-899. [PMID: 35032411 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have very limited knowledge of how species interact in most communities and ecosystems despite trophic relationships being fundamental for linking biodiversity to ecosystem functioning. A promising approach to fill this gap is to predict interactions based on functional traits, but many questions remain about how well we can predict interactions for different taxa, ecosystems and amounts of input data. Here, we built a new traits-based model of trophic interactions for European vertebrates and found that even models calibrated with 0.1% of the interactions (100 out of 71 k) estimated the full European vertebrate food web reasonably well. However, predators were easier to predict than prey, especially for some clades (e.g. fowl and storks) and local food web connectance was consistently overestimated. Our results demonstrate the ability to rapidly generate food webs when empirical data are lacking-an important step towards a more complete and spatially explicit description of food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Caron
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Sciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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16
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Tamagnini D, Canestrelli D, Meloro C, Raia P, Maiorano L. New Avenues for Old Travellers: Phenotypic Evolutionary Trends Meet Morphodynamics, and Both Enter the Global Change Biology Era. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvolutionary trends (ETs) are traditionally defined as substantial changes in the state of traits through time produced by a persistent condition of directional evolution. ETs might also include directional responses to ecological, climatic or biological gradients and represent the primary evolutionary pattern at high taxonomic levels and over long-time scales. The absence of a well-supported operative definition of ETs blurred the definition of conceptual differences between ETs and other key concepts in evolution such as convergence, parallel evolution, and divergence. Also, it prevented the formulation of modern guidelines for studying ETs and evolutionary dynamics related to them. In phenotypic evolution, the theory of morphodynamics states that the interplay between evolutionary factors such as phylogeny, evo-devo constraints, environment, and biological function determines morphological evolution. After introducing a new operative definition, here we provide a morphodynamics-based framework for studying phenotypic ETs, discussing how understanding the impact of these factors on ETs improves the explanation of links between biological patterns and processes underpinning directional evolution. We envisage that adopting a quantitative, pattern-based, and multifactorial approach will pave the way to new potential applications for this field of evolutionary biology. In this framework, by exploiting the catalysing effect of climate change on evolution, research on ETs induced by global change might represent an ideal arena for validating hypotheses about the predictability of evolution.
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17
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Chiocchio A, Arntzen JW, Martínez-Solano I, de Vries W, Bisconti R, Pezzarossa A, Maiorano L, Canestrelli D. Publisher Correction: Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo). Sci Rep 2021; 11:15165. [PMID: 34285317 PMCID: PMC8292384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chiocchio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wouter de Vries
- Asociation Ambor, Ctra. Constantina - Pedroso 1, 41450, Constantina, Spain
| | - Roberta Bisconti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alice Pezzarossa
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma La Sapienza, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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18
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O'Connor LMJ, Pollock LJ, Renaud J, Verhagen W, Verburg PH, Lavorel S, Maiorano L, Thuiller W. Balancing conservation priorities for nature and for people in Europe. Science 2021; 372:856-860. [PMID: 34016780 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to protect key areas for biodiversity and nature's contributions to people (NCP). However, different values of nature are rarely considered together in conservation planning. Here, we explore potential priority areas in Europe for biodiversity (all terrestrial vertebrates) and a set of cultural and regulating NCP while considering demand for these NCP. We quantify the spatial overlap between these priorities and their performance in representing different values of nature. We show that different priorities rarely coincide, except in certain irreplaceable ecosystems. Notably, priorities for biodiversity better represent NCP than the reverse. Theoretically, protecting an extra 5% of land has the potential to double conservation gains for biodiversity while also maintaining some essential NCP, leading to co-benefits for both nature and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M J O'Connor
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Laura J Pollock
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Julien Renaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Willem Verhagen
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin," University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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19
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Sarkar MS, Niyogi R, Masih RL, Hazra P, Maiorano L, John R. Long-distance dispersal and home range establishment by a female sub-adult tiger (Panthera tigris) in the Panna landscape, central India. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Tamagnini D, Meloro C, Raia P, Maiorano L. Testing the occurrence of convergence in the craniomandibular shape evolution of living carnivorans. Evolution 2021; 75:1738-1752. [PMID: 33844288 PMCID: PMC8359831 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Convergence consists in the independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related species. The mammalian craniomandibular complex constitutes an ideal biological structure to investigate ecomorphological dynamics and the carnivorans, due to their phenotypic variability and ecological flexibility, offer an interesting case study to explore the occurrence of convergent evolution. Here, we applied multiple pattern‐based metrics to test the occurrence of convergence in the craniomandibular shape of extant carnivorans. To this aim, we tested for convergence in many dietary groups and analyzed several cases of carnivoran convergence concerning either ecologically equivalent species or ecologically similar species of different body sizes described in the literature. Our results validate the occurrence of convergence in ecologically equivalent species in a few cases (as well as in the case of giant and red pandas), but almost never support the occurrence of convergent evolution in dietary categories of living carnivorans. Therefore, convergent evolution in this clade appears to be a rare phenomenon. This is probably the consequence of a complex interplay of one‐to‐many, many‐to‐one, and many‐to‐many relationships taking place between ecology, biomechanics, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Tamagnini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin,", University of Rome "La Sapienza,", Rome, 00185, Italy.,Museum of Zoology, Sapienza Museum Centre, University of Rome "La Sapienza,", Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carlo Meloro
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Pasquale Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, 80126, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin,", University of Rome "La Sapienza,", Rome, 00185, Italy.,Museum of Zoology, Sapienza Museum Centre, University of Rome "La Sapienza,", Rome, 00185, Italy
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21
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Galiana N, Barros C, Braga J, Ficetola GF, Maiorano L, Thuiller W, Montoya JM, Lurgi M. The spatial scaling of food web structure across European biogeographical regions. Ecography 2021; 44:653-664. [PMID: 36620425 PMCID: PMC7614028 DOI: 10.1111/ecog.05229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The species-area relationship (SAR) is one of the most well-established scaling patterns in ecology. Its implications for understanding how communities change across spatial gradients are numerous, including the effects of habitat loss on biodiversity. However, ecological communities are not mere collections of species. They are the result of interactions between these species forming complex networks that tie them together. Should we aim to grasp the spatial scaling of biodiversity as a whole, it is fundamental to understand the changes in the structure of interaction networks with area. In spite of a few empirical and theoretical studies that address this challenge, we still do not know much about how network structure changes with area, or what are the main environmental drivers of these changes. Here, using the meta-network of potential interactions between all terrestrial vertebrates in Europe (1140 species and 67 201 feeding interactions), we analysed network-area relationships (NARs) that summarize how network properties scale with area. We do this across ten biogeographical regions, which differ in environmental characteristics. We found that the spatial scaling of network complexity strongly varied across biogeographical regions. However, once the variation in SARs was accounted for, differences in the shape of NARs vanished. On the other hand, the proportion of species across trophic levels remained remarkably constant across biogeographical regions and spatial scales, despite the great variation in species richness. Spatial variation in mean annual temperature and habitat clustering were the main environmental determinants of the shape of both SARs and NARs across Europe. Our results suggest new avenues in the exploration of the effects of environmental factors on the spatial scaling of biodiversity. We argue that NARs can provide new insights to analyse and understand ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Galiana
- Centre for Biodiversity Modelling and Theory, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier Univ., Moulis, France
| | - Ceres Barros
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine), Grenoble, France; Dept of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - João Braga
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine), Grenoble, France
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine), Grenoble, France; Dept of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Dept of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Univ. di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma, Italia
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine), Grenoble, France
| | - José M Montoya
- Centre for Biodiversity Modelling and Theory, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier Univ., Moulis, France
| | - Miguel Lurgi
- Centre for Biodiversity Modelling and Theory, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier Univ., Moulis, France; Dept of Biosciences, Swansea Univ., Swansea, UK
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22
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Santini L, Benítez‐López A, Maiorano L, Čengić M, Huijbregts MAJ. Assessing the reliability of species distribution projections in climate change research. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR‐IRET) National Research Council Monterotondo, Rome Italy
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ana Benítez‐López
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Integrative Ecology Group Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Mirza Čengić
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. J. Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
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23
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Cimatti M, Ranc N, Benítez‐López A, Maiorano L, Boitani L, Cagnacci F, Čengić M, Ciucci P, Huijbregts MAJ, Krofel M, López‐Bao JV, Selva N, Andren H, Bautista C, Ćirović D, Hemmingmoore H, Reinhardt I, Marenče M, Mertzanis Y, Pedrotti L, Trbojević I, Zetterberg A, Zwijacz‐Kozica T, Santini L. Large carnivore expansion in Europe is associated with human population density and land cover changes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cimatti
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” “La Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Nathan Ranc
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach Trento Italy
| | - Ana Benítez‐López
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Integrative Ecology Group Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” “La Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Boitani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” “La Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach Trento Italy
| | - Mirza Čengić
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Ciucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin” “La Sapienza” University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Mark A. J. Huijbregts
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Miha Krofel
- Department for Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków Poland
| | - Henrik Andren
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Carlos Bautista
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków Poland
| | - Duško Ćirović
- Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Heather Hemmingmoore
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ilka Reinhardt
- LUPUS – German Institute for Wolf Monitoring and Research Spreewitz Germany
| | | | - Yorgos Mertzanis
- Callisto – Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Luca Pedrotti
- Forest and Wildlife Service Provincia di Trento Italy
| | - Igor Trbojević
- Faculty of Sciences University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Ecology Independent University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Luca Santini
- Department of Environmental Science Institute for Wetland and Water Research Faculty of Science Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems National Research Council Montelibretti Italy
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24
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Chiocchio A, Arntzen JW, Martínez-Solano I, de Vries W, Bisconti R, Pezzarossa A, Maiorano L, Canestrelli D. Reconstructing hotspots of genetic diversity from glacial refugia and subsequent dispersal in Italian common toads (Bufo bufo). Sci Rep 2021; 11:260. [PMID: 33420098 PMCID: PMC7794404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity feeds the evolutionary process and allows populations to adapt to environmental changes. However, we still lack a thorough understanding of why hotspots of genetic diversity are so 'hot'. Here, we analysed the relative contribution of bioclimatic stability and genetic admixture between divergent lineages in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in the common toad Bufo bufo along the Italian peninsula. We combined population genetic, phylogeographic and species distribution modelling (SDM) approaches to map ancestral areas, glacial refugia, and secondary contact zones. We consistently identified three phylogeographic lineages, distributed in northern, central and southern Italy. These lineages expanded from their ancestral areas and established secondary contact zones, before the last interglacial. SDM identified widespread glacial refugia in peninsular Italy, sometimes located under the present-day sea-level. Generalized linear models indicated genetic admixture as the only significant predictor of the levels of population genetic diversity. Our results show that glacial refugia contributed to preserving both levels and patterns of genetic diversity across glacial-interglacial cycles, but not to their formation, and highlight a general principle emerging in Mediterranean species: higher levels of genetic diversity mark populations with substantial contributions from multiple genetic lineages, irrespective of the location of glacial refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chiocchio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wouter de Vries
- Asociation Ambor, Ctra. Constantina - Pedroso 1, 41450, Constantina, Spain
| | - Roberta Bisconti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alice Pezzarossa
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma La Sapienza, Viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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25
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Mondanaro A, Melchionna M, Di Febbraro M, Castiglione S, Holden PB, Edwards NR, Carotenuto F, Maiorano L, Modafferi M, Serio C, Diniz-Filho JAF, Rangel T, Rook L, O'Higgins P, Spikins P, Profico A, Raia P. A Major Change in Rate of Climate Niche Envelope Evolution during Hominid History. iScience 2020; 23:101693. [PMID: 33163945 PMCID: PMC7607486 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo sapiens is the only species alive able to take advantage of its cognitive abilities to inhabit almost all environments on Earth. Humans are able to culturally construct, rather than biologically inherit, their occupied climatic niche to a degree unparalleled within the animal kingdom. Precisely, when hominins acquired such an ability remains unknown, and scholars disagree on the extent to which our ancestors shared this same ability. Here, we settle this issue using fine-grained paleoclimatic data, extensive archaeological data, and phylogenetic comparative methods. Our results indicate that whereas early hominins were forced to live under physiologically suitable climatic conditions, with the emergence of H. heidelbergensis, the Homo climatic niche expanded beyond its natural limits, despite progressive harshening in global climates. This indicates that technological innovations providing effective exploitation of cold and seasonal habitats predated the emergence of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens oversteps our ecological niche limits by means of culture The origin of Homo niche-construction ability is unknown We found Homo species other than H. sapiens were able to construct their own niche
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mondanaro
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy.,Department of Earth Science. University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Marina Melchionna
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Febbraro
- Department of Bioscience and Territory. University of Molise, Pesche, Isernia 86090, Italy
| | - Silvia Castiglione
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Philip B Holden
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6BJ, UK
| | - Neil R Edwards
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6BJ, UK
| | - Francesco Carotenuto
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Maria Modafferi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Carmela Serio
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Josè A F Diniz-Filho
- Department of Ecology, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74968-755, Brasil
| | - Thiago Rangel
- Department of Ecology, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74968-755, Brasil
| | - Lorenzo Rook
- Department of Earth Science. University of Florence, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Paul O'Higgins
- Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Penny Spikins
- Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Antonio Profico
- Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Pasquale Raia
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Abstract
Mountains are important landforms with regard to both biodiversity and evolution of endemism. We analysed macro-ecological patterns of distribution and endemism of European montane (i.e. with at least 70% of their range inside mountain areas) mammals. The landscape of the study area was characterized by three environmental variables: land cover, land-use and elevation. For each species, we collected spatially explicit information on the extent of occurrence, level of endemicity, conservation status, habitat preferences, elevation range and all the available presence points. Montane species accounted for 25.5% of the total (N = 66), whereas lowland species (N = 193) accounted for 74.5% of the total European mammals. There was a significantly lower mean range in size of montane species compared to non-montane species. There was a negative correlation between the number of species and elevation, and a negative correlation between median elevation of the range of a given species and its extent of occurrence. The highest peak in the percentage of species present in each altitudinal band was observed at lower elevations in the lower altitude mountain chains. There was a significantly negative correlation between elevation and Simpson’s index of habitats, but species richness increased significantly with Simpson’s index of habitat diversity. A total of 122 species (40.7%) were European endemics, with the frequencies of endemic species not being different between montane areas and overall. A logistic regression model showed that, for a given species, being montane also enhanced the probability of being endemic to Europe. Montane species are especially concentrated in the Caucasus, along the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. The area of the various mountain chains did not influence either the number of montane species or the number of montane species that are strictly endemic to that mountain chain. A total of 45 endemic montane species were recorded for the study region, with only ten being of conservation concern according to IUCN criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Amori
- CNR, Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, viale dell’Università 32, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Boitani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, viale dell’Università 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Milana
- CNR, Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, viale dell’Università 32, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, viale dell’Università 32, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Luiselli
- Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B., Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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27
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Busseni G, Vieira FRJ, Amato A, Pelletier E, Pierella Karlusich JJ, Ferrante MI, Wincker P, Rogato A, Bowler C, Sanges R, Maiorano L, Chiurazzi M, d'Alcalà MR, Caputi L, Iudicone D. Meta-omics reveals genetic flexibility of diatom nitrogen transporters in response to environmental changes. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:2522-2535. [PMID: 31259367 PMCID: PMC6805229 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms (Bacillariophyta), one of the most abundant and diverse groups of marine phytoplankton, respond rapidly to the supply of new nutrients, often out-competing other phytoplankton. Herein, we integrated analyses of the evolution, distribution and expression modulation of two gene families involved in diatom nitrogen uptake (DiAMT1 and DiNRT2), in order to infer the main drivers of divergence in a key functional trait of phytoplankton. Our results suggest that major steps in the evolution of the two gene families reflected key events triggering diatom radiation and diversification. Their expression is modulated in the contemporary ocean by seawater temperature, nitrate and iron concentrations. Moreover, the differences in diversity and expression of these gene families throughout the water column hint at a possible link with bacterial activity. This study represents a proof-of-concept of how a holistic approach may shed light on the functional biology of organisms in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Busseni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Rocha Jimenez Vieira
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INRA, CNRS. BIG, 17 rue des Martyrs Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Pelletier
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France
| | - Juan J Pierella Karlusich
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, Italy
| | - Chris Bowler
- Institut de biologie de l'Ecole normale supérieure (IBENS), Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Remo Sanges
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.,Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 32, Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Caputi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
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28
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Zampiglia M, Bisconti R, Maiorano L, Aloise G, Siclari A, Pellegrino F, Martino G, Pezzarossa A, Chiocchio A, Martino C, Nascetti G, Canestrelli D. Drilling Down Hotspots of Intraspecific Diversity to Bring Them Into On-Ground Conservation of Threatened Species. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Saladin B, Thuiller W, Graham CH, Lavergne S, Maiorano L, Salamin N, Zimmermann NE. Environment and evolutionary history shape phylogenetic turnover in European tetrapods. Nat Commun 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 30651566 PMCID: PMC6335467 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic turnover quantifies the evolutionary distance among species assemblages and is central to understanding the main drivers shaping biodiversity. It is affected both by geographic and environmental distance between sites. Therefore, analyzing phylogenetic turnover in environmental space requires removing the effect of geographic distance. Here, we apply a novel approach by deciphering phylogenetic turnover of European tetrapods in environmental space after removing geographic land distance effects. We demonstrate that phylogenetic turnover is strongly structured in environmental space, particularly in ectothermic tetrapods, and is well explained by macroecological characteristics such as niche size, species richness and relative phylogenetic diversity. In ectotherms, rather recent evolutionary processes were important in structuring phylogenetic turnover along environmental gradients. In contrast, early evolutionary processes had already shaped the current structure of phylogenetic turnover in endotherms. Our approach enables the disentangling of the idiosyncrasies of evolutionary processes such as the degree of niche conservatism and diversification rates in structuring biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Saladin
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotechnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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30
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Araújo MB, Anderson RP, Márcia Barbosa A, Beale CM, Dormann CF, Early R, Garcia RA, Guisan A, Maiorano L, Naimi B, O’Hara RB, Zimmermann NE, Rahbek C. Standards for distribution models in biodiversity assessments. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaat4858. [PMID: 30746437 PMCID: PMC6357756 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Demand for models in biodiversity assessments is rising, but which models are adequate for the task? We propose a set of best-practice standards and detailed guidelines enabling scoring of studies based on species distribution models for use in biodiversity assessments. We reviewed and scored 400 modeling studies over the past 20 years using the proposed standards and guidelines. We detected low model adequacy overall, but with a marked tendency of improvement over time in model building and, to a lesser degree, in biological data and model evaluation. We argue that implementation of agreed-upon standards for models in biodiversity assessments would promote transparency and repeatability, eventually leading to higher quality of the models and the inferences used in assessments. We encourage broad community participation toward the expansion and ongoing development of the proposed standards and guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel B. Araújo
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, University of Évora, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Robert P. Anderson
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - A. Márcia Barbosa
- Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, University of Évora, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO19 5PR, UK
| | - Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Regan Early
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Raquel A. Garcia
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, University of Évora, 7000 Évora, Portugal
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation (SEEC), University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Babak Naimi
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert B. O’Hara
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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31
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Kirchheimer B, Wessely J, Gattringer A, Hülber K, Moser D, Schinkel CCF, Appelhans M, Klatt S, Caccianiga M, Dellinger A, Guisan A, Kuttner M, Lenoir J, Maiorano L, Nieto‐Lugilde D, Plutzar C, Svenning J, Willner W, Hörandl E, Dullinger S, Thrall P. Reconstructing geographical parthenogenesis: effects of niche differentiation and reproductive mode on Holocene range expansion of an alpine plant. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:392-401. [PMID: 29349850 PMCID: PMC5888191 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Asexual taxa often have larger ranges than their sexual progenitors, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The reasons given for this 'geographical parthenogenesis' are contentious, with expansion of the ecological niche or colonisation advantages of uniparental reproduction assumed most important in case of plants. Here, we parameterized a spread model for the alpine buttercup Ranunculus kuepferi and reconstructed the joint Holocene range expansion of its sexual and apomictic cytotype across the European Alps under different simulation settings. We found that, rather than niche broadening or a higher migration rate, a shift of the apomict's niche towards colder conditions per se was crucial as it facilitated overcoming of topographical barriers, a factor likely relevant for many alpine apomicts. More generally, our simulations suggest potentially strong interacting effects of niche differentiation and reproductive modes on range formation of related sexual and asexual taxa arising from their differential sensitivity to minority cytotype disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Kirchheimer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Wessely
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Gattringer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Karl Hülber
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Christoph C. F. Schinkel
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with herbarium)University of GoettingenUntere Karspüle 237073Göttingen
| | - Marc Appelhans
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with herbarium)University of GoettingenUntere Karspüle 237073Göttingen
| | - Simone Klatt
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with herbarium)University of GoettingenUntere Karspüle 237073Göttingen
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanVia Giovanni Celoria 2620133MilanItaly
| | - Agnes Dellinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology & EvolutionBiophoreUniversity of Lausanne1015LausanneSwitzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface DynamicsGeopolisUniversity of Lausanne1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Michael Kuttner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR «Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés» (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS)Jules Verne University of Picardie1 Rue des LouvelsF‐80037Amiens Cedex 1France
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeViale dell'Università 32RomeItaly
| | - Diego Nieto‐Lugilde
- Departamento de BotánicaEcología y Fisiología VegetalUniversidad de Córdoba14071CórdobaSpain
| | - Christoph Plutzar
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics & BiodiversityDepartment of BioscienceAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 114‐1168000Aarhus CDenmark
| | - Wolfgang Willner
- Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and AnalysesGießergasse 6/71090ViennaAustria
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with herbarium)University of GoettingenUntere Karspüle 237073Göttingen
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030ViennaAustria
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ciucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome La Sapienza; Viale dell'Università 32 Roma 00185 Italy
| | - Luigi Boitani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome La Sapienza; Viale dell'Università 32 Roma 00185 Italy
| | - Matteo Falco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome La Sapienza; Viale dell'Università 32 Roma 00185 Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”; University of Rome La Sapienza; Viale dell'Università 32 Roma 00185 Italy
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33
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Amori G, Bissattini AM, Gippoliti S, Vignoli L, Maiorano L, Luiselli L. Least speciose among the most speciose: Natural history correlates of monospecific and bispecific genera of Rodentia and Soricomorpha. Integr Zool 2017; 12:489-499. [PMID: 28497577 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Monospecific and bispecific genera are of special concern as they represent unique phylogenetic/evolutionary trajectories within larger clades. In addition, as phylogenetically older taxa are supposed to be exposed to higher rarity and extinction risk, monospecific and bispecific genera may be intrinsically more prone to extinction risks than multispecies genera, although extinction risks also depend on the ecological and biological strategy of the species. Here, the distribution across biogeographical zones and the levels of threat to 2 speciose orders of mammals (monospecific and bispecific genera of Rodentia and Soricomorpha) are investigated in order to highlight major patterns at the worldwide scale. In Rodentia, 39.7% of the genera (n = 490) were monospecific and 17.9% were bispecific. In Soricomorpha, 44.4% of the total genera (n = 45) were monospecific and 15% were bispecific. There was a positive correlation between the number of monospecific genera and the total number of genera per family. Peaks of monospecific and bispecific genera richness were observed in Neotropical, Oriental and Afrotropical regions in rodents and in the Palearctic region in soricomorphs. Range size was significantly uneven across biogeographic region in rodents (with larger ranges in Nearctic and Oriental regions and smaller ranges in the Australian region), but there was no difference across biogeographic regions in terms of range size in soricomorphs. Most of the monospecific and bispecific genera occurred in forest habitat in both taxa. The frequency distribution of the monospecific and bispecific genera across IUCN categories did not differ significantly from the expected pattern using the total rodent genera and the multispecies genera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Luiselli
- Department of Applied and Environmental Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy
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34
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Canestrelli D, Bisconti R, Chiocchio A, Maiorano L, Zampiglia M, Nascetti G. Climate change promotes hybridisation between deeply divergent species. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3072. [PMID: 28348926 PMCID: PMC5366042 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare hybridisations between deeply divergent animal species have been reported for decades in a wide range of taxa, but have often remained unexplained, mainly considered chance events and reported as anecdotal. Here, we combine field observations with long-term data concerning natural hybridisations, climate, land-use, and field-validated species distribution models for two deeply divergent and naturally sympatric toad species in Europe (Bufo bufo and Bufotes viridis species groups). We show that climate warming and seasonal extreme temperatures are conspiring to set the scene for these maladaptive hybridisations, by differentially affecting life-history traits of both species. Our results identify and provide evidence of an ultimate cause for such events, and reveal that the potential influence of climate change on interspecific hybridisations goes far beyond closely related species. Furthermore, climate projections suggest that the chances for these events will steadily increase in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canestrelli
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Università degli Studi della Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Roberta Bisconti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Università degli Studi della Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Andrea Chiocchio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Università degli Studi della Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', University of Roma 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Zampiglia
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Università degli Studi della Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nascetti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Science, Università degli Studi della Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
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35
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Cheddadi R, Araújo MB, Maiorano L, Edwards M, Guisan A, Carré M, Chevalier M, Pearman PB. Temperature Range Shifts for Three European Tree Species over the Last 10,000 Years. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1581. [PMID: 27826308 PMCID: PMC5078669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We quantified the degree to which the relationship between the geographic distribution of three major European tree species, Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies and January temperature (Tjan) has remained stable over the past 10,000 years. We used an extended data-set of fossil pollen records over Europe to reconstruct spatial variation in Tjan values for each 1000-year time slice between 10,000 and 3000 years BP (before present). We evaluated the relationships between the occurrences of the three species at each time slice and the spatially interpolated Tjan values, and compared these to their modern temperature ranges. Our results reveal that F. sylvatica and P. abies experienced Tjan ranges during the Holocene that differ from those of the present, while A. alba occurred over a Tjan range that is comparable to its modern one. Our data suggest the need for re-evaluation of the assumption of stable climate tolerances at a scale of several thousand years. The temperature range instability in our observed data independently validates similar results based exclusively on modeled Holocene temperatures. Our study complements previous studies that used modeled data by identifying variation in frequencies of occurrence of populations within the limits of suitable climate. However, substantial changes that were observed in the realized thermal niches over the Holocene tend to suggest that predicting future species distributions should not solely be based on modern realized niches, and needs to account for the past variation in the climate variables that drive species ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Cheddadi
- Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University Montpellier IIMontpellier, France
| | - Miguel B. Araújo
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSICMadrid, Spain
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
- InBIO-CIBIO, University of ÉvoraÉvora, Portugal
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin, ” Università di Roma “La Sapienza”Roma, Italy
| | - Mary Edwards
- Geography and Environment, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, UK
- College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of AlaskaFairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Science Dynamics, University of LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Carré
- Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University Montpellier IIMontpellier, France
| | - Manuel Chevalier
- Centre Nationnal de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, University Montpellier IIMontpellier, France
| | - Peter B. Pearman
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHULeioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao, Spain
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Bidegaray-Batista L, Sánchez-gracia A, Santulli G, Maiorano L, Guisan A, Vogler AP, Arnedo MA. Imprints of multiple glacial refugia in the Pyrenees revealed by phylogeography and palaeodistribution modelling of an endemic spider. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2046-64. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Bidegaray-Batista
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Biologia Animal; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Laboratorio de Etología, Ecología y Evolución; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; Avenida Italia 3318 11600 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-gracia
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Genètica; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Giulia Santulli
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Biologia Animal; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore Building CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’; University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’; viale dell'Università 32 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Biophore Building CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics; University of Lausanne; Geopolis Building CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alfried P. Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY UK
| | - Miquel A. Arnedo
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Biologia Animal; Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
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Ancillotto L, Santini L, Ranc N, Maiorano L, Russo D. Extraordinary range expansion in a common bat: the potential roles of climate change and urbanisation. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:15. [PMID: 26842786 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation and climate change are two global change processes that affect animal distributions, posing critical threats to biodiversity. Due to its versatile ecology and synurbic habits, Kuhl's pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) offers a unique opportunity to explore the relative effects of climate change and urbanisation on species distributions. In a climate change scenario, this typically Mediterranean species is expected to expand its range in response to increasing temperatures. We collected 25,132 high-resolution occurrence records from P. kuhlii European range between 1980 and 2013 and modelled the species' distribution with a multi-temporal approach, using three bioclimatic variables and one proxy of urbanisation. Temperature in the coldest quarter of the year was the most important factor predicting the presence of P. kuhlii and showed an increasing trend in the study period; mean annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality were also relevant, but to a lower extent. Although urbanisation increased in recently colonised areas, it had little effect on the species' presence predictability. P. kuhlii expanded its geographical range by about 394 % in the last four decades, a process that can be interpreted as a response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, I-80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - L Santini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - N Ranc
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - L Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - D Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Sezione di Biologia e Protezione dei Sistemi Agrari e Forestali, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, I-80055, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Maiorano L, Amori G, Montemaggiori A, Rondinini C, Santini L, Saura S, Boitani L. On how much biodiversity is covered in Europe by national protected areas and by the Natura 2000 network: insights from terrestrial vertebrates. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:986-995. [PMID: 25997522 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Union has made extensive biodiversity conservation efforts with the Habitats and Birds Directives and with the establishment of the Natura 2000 network of protected areas, one of the largest networks of conservation areas worldwide. We performed a gap analysis of the entire Natura 2000 system plus national protected areas and all terrestrial vertebrates (freshwater fish excluded). We also evaluated the level of connectivity of both systems, providing therefore a first estimate of the functionality of the Natura 2000 system as an effective network of protected areas. Together national protected areas and the Natura 2000 network covered more than one-third of the European Union. National protected areas did not offer protection to 13 total gap species (i.e., species not covered by any protected area) or to almost 300 partial gap species (i.e., species whose representation target is not met). Together the Natura 2000 network and national protected areas left 1 total gap species and 121 partial gap species unprotected. The terrestrial vertebrates listed in the Habitats and Birds Directives were relatively well covered (especially birds), and overall connectivity was improved considerably by Natura 2000 sites that act as stepping stones between national protected areas. Overall, we found that the Natura 2000 network represents at continental level an important network of protected areas that acts as a good complement to existing national protected areas. However, a number of problems remain that are mainly linked to the criteria used to list the species in the Habitats and Birds Directives. The European Commission initiated in 2014 a process aimed at assessing the importance of the Birds and Habitats Directives for biodiversity conservation. Our results contribute to this assessment and suggest the system is largely effective for terrestrial vertebrates but would benefit from further updating of the species lists and field management.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maiorano
- Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome, La Sapienza, viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - G Amori
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, CNR, viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Montemaggiori
- Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome, La Sapienza, viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - C Rondinini
- Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome, La Sapienza, viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - L Santini
- Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome, La Sapienza, viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - S Saura
- Department of Natural System and Resources, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Boitani
- Charles Darwin Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Rome, La Sapienza, viale dell'Università 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Visconti P, Bakkenes M, Baisero D, Brooks T, Butchart SHM, Joppa L, Alkemade R, Di Marco M, Santini L, Hoffmann M, Maiorano L, Pressey RL, Arponen A, Boitani L, Reside AE, van Vuuren DP, Rondinini C. Projecting Global Biodiversity Indicators under Future Development Scenarios. Conserv Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Visconti
- Microsoft Research Computational Science Laboratory; 21 Station Road Cambridge CB1 FB UK
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell’Università 32; Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Michel Bakkenes
- PBL; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; PO Box 303 3720 AH Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Baisero
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell’Università 32; Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Thomas Brooks
- IUCN Species Survival Commission; International Union for Conservation of Nature; 28 rue Mauverney CH-1196 Gland Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF); University of the Philippines Los Baños; Laguna 4031 Philippines
- School of Geography and Environmental Studies; University of Tasmania; Hobart TAS 7001 Australia
| | | | - Lucas Joppa
- Microsoft Research Computational Science Laboratory; 21 Station Road Cambridge CB1 FB UK
| | - Rob Alkemade
- PBL; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; PO Box 303 3720 AH Bilthoven The Netherlands
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group; Wageningen University; P. O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell’Università 32; Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Luca Santini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell’Università 32; Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- IUCN Species Survival Commission; International Union for Conservation of Nature; 28 rue Mauverney CH-1196 Gland Switzerland
- United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; 219c Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL UK
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell’Università 32; Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Robert L. Pressey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Anni Arponen
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 65 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Luigi Boitani
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell’Università 32; Rome 00185 Italy
| | - April E. Reside
- Centre for Tropical Environmental & Sustainability Sciences; James Cook University; QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Detlef P. van Vuuren
- PBL; Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; PO Box 303 3720 AH Bilthoven The Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Department of Geosciences; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 2 3584 CS Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment Program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Viale dell’Università 32; Rome 00185 Italy
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Thuiller W, Maiorano L, Mazel F, Guilhaumon F, Ficetola GF, Lavergne S, Renaud J, Roquet C, Mouillot D. Conserving the functional and phylogenetic trees of life of European tetrapods. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20140005. [PMID: 25561666 PMCID: PMC4290419 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are pivotal tools for biodiversity conservation on the Earth. Europe has had an extensive protection system since Natura 2000 areas were created in parallel with traditional parks and reserves. However, the extent to which this system covers not only taxonomic diversity but also other biodiversity facets, such as evolutionary history and functional diversity, has never been evaluated. Using high-resolution distribution data of all European tetrapods together with dated molecular phylogenies and detailed trait information, we first tested whether the existing European protection system effectively covers all species and in particular, those with the highest evolutionary or functional distinctiveness. We then tested the ability of PAs to protect the entire tetrapod phylogenetic and functional trees of life by mapping species' target achievements along the internal branches of these two trees. We found that the current system is adequately representative in terms of the evolutionary history of amphibians while it fails for the rest. However, the most functionally distinct species were better represented than they would be under random conservation efforts. These results imply better protection of the tetrapod functional tree of life, which could help to ensure long-term functioning of the ecosystem, potentially at the expense of conserving evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Thuiller
- LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Florent Mazel
- LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - François Guilhaumon
- Laboratoire ECOSYM, UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-IRD-IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon cc 93, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Sébastien Lavergne
- LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Julien Renaud
- LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Cristina Roquet
- LECA, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - David Mouillot
- Laboratoire ECOSYM, UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-IRD-IFREMER, Place Eugène Bataillon cc 93, Montpellier 34095, France
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Maiorano L, Boitani L, Monaco A, Tosoni E, Ciucci P. Modeling the distribution of Apennine brown bears during hyperphagia to reduce the impact of wild boar hunting. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-014-0894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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de Bruyn M, Stelbrink B, Morley RJ, Hall R, Carvalho GR, Cannon CH, van den Bergh G, Meijaard E, Metcalfe I, Boitani L, Maiorano L, Shoup R, von Rintelen T. Borneo and Indochina are Major Evolutionary Hotspots for Southeast Asian Biodiversity. Syst Biol 2014; 63:879-901. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Santini L, Di Marco M, Boitani L, Maiorano L, Rondinini C. Incorporating spatial population structure in gap analysis reveals inequitable assessments of species protection. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Santini
- Global Mammal Assessment programme; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Sapienza 5 Università di Roma; Viale dell'Università 32 00185 Rome Italy
| | - M. Di Marco
- Global Mammal Assessment programme; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Sapienza 5 Università di Roma; Viale dell'Università 32 00185 Rome Italy
| | - L. Boitani
- Global Mammal Assessment programme; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Sapienza 5 Università di Roma; Viale dell'Università 32 00185 Rome Italy
| | - L. Maiorano
- Global Mammal Assessment programme; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Sapienza 5 Università di Roma; Viale dell'Università 32 00185 Rome Italy
| | - C. Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment programme; Department of Biology and Biotechnologies; Sapienza 5 Università di Roma; Viale dell'Università 32 00185 Rome Italy
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Zupan L, Cabeza M, Maiorano L, Roquet C, Devictor V, Lavergne S, Mouillot D, Mouquet N, Renaud J, Thuiller W. Spatial mismatch of phylogenetic diversity across three vertebrate groups and protected areas in Europe. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014; 20:674-685. [PMID: 24791146 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigate patterns of phylogenetic diversity in relation to species diversity for European birds, mammals and amphibians, to evaluate their congruence and highlight areas of particular evolutionary history. We estimate the extent to which the European network of protected areas (PAs) network retains interesting evolutionary history areas for the three groups separately and simultaneously. LOCATION Europe. METHODS Phylogenetic (QEPD) and species diversity (SD) were estimated using the Rao's quadratic entropy at 10' resolution. We determined the regional relationship between QEPD and SD for each taxa with a spatial regression model and used the tails of the residuals (QERES) distribution to identify areas of higher and lower QEPD than predicted. Spatial congruence of biodiversity between groups was assessed with Pearson's correlation. A simple classification scheme allowed building a convergence map where a convergent pixel equalled to a QERES value of the same sign for the 3 groups. This convergence map was overlaid to the current PAs network to estimate the level of protection in convergent pixels and compared it to a null expectation built on 1000 randomization of PAs over the landscape. RESULTS QERES patterns across vertebrates show a strong spatial mismatch highlighting different evolutionary histories. Convergent areas represent only 2.7% of the Western Palearctic, with only 8.4% of these areas being covered by the current PAs network while a random distribution would retain 10.4% of them. QERES are unequally represented within PAs: areas with higher QEPD than predicted are better covered than expected, while low QEPD areas are undersampled. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Patterns of diversity strongly diverge between groups of vertebrates in Europe. Although Europe has the world's most extensive PAs network, evolutionary history of terrestrial vertebrates is unequally protected. The challenge is now to reconcile effective conservation planning with a contemporary view of biodiversity integrating multiple facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Zupan
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mar Cabeza
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", University of Rome "La Sapienza", viale dell'Università 32, 00185 Roma, Italia
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Devictor
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, CC 065, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - David Mouillot
- Laboratoire ECOSYM UMR 5119, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, CC 065, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Julien Renaud
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, UMR CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Meller L, Cabeza M, Pironon S, Barbet-Massin M, Maiorano L, Georges D, Thuiller W. Ensemble distribution models in conservation prioritization: from consensus predictions to consensus reserve networks. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014; 20:309-321. [PMID: 24791145 PMCID: PMC4003394 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Conservation planning exercises increasingly rely on species distributions predicted either from one particular statistical model or, more recently, from an ensemble of models (i.e. ensemble forecasting). However, it has not yet been explored how different ways of summarizing ensemble predictions affect conservation planning outcomes. We evaluate these effects and compare commonplace consensus methods, applied before the conservation prioritization phase, to a novel method that applies consensus after reserve selection. LOCATION Europe. METHODS We used an ensemble of predicted distributions of 146 Western Palaearctic bird species in alternative ways: four different consensus methods, as well as distributions discounted with variability, were used to produce inputs for spatial conservation prioritization. In addition, we developed and tested a novel method, in which we built 100 datasets by sampling the ensemble of predicted distributions, ran a conservation prioritization analysis on each of them and averaged the resulting priority ranks. We evaluated the conservation outcome against three controls: (i) a null control, based on random ranking of cells; (2) the reference solution, based on an expert-refined dataset; and (3) the independent solution, based on an independent dataset. RESULTS Networks based on predicted distributions were more representative of rare species than randomly selected networks. Alternative methods to summarize ensemble predictions differed in representativeness of resulting reserve networks. Our novel method resulted in better representation of rare species than pre-selection consensus methods. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Retaining information about the variation in the predicted distributions throughout the conservation prioritization seems to provide better results than summarizing the predictions before conservation prioritization. Our results highlight the need to understand and consider model-based uncertainty when using predicted distribution data in conservation prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meller
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mar Cabeza
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Pironon
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Morgane Barbet-Massin
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7204 MNHNCNRS-UPMC, Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux, CP 51 55 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Viale dell’Università 32, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Damien Georges
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, UMR-CNRS 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Maiorano L, Amori G, Capula M, Falcucci A, Masi M, Montemaggiori A, Pottier J, Psomas A, Rondinini C, Russo D, Zimmermann NE, Boitani L, Guisan A. Threats from climate change to terrestrial vertebrate hotspots in Europe. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74989. [PMID: 24066162 PMCID: PMC3774810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified hotspots of terrestrial vertebrate species diversity in Europe and adjacent islands. Moreover, we assessed the extent to which by the end of the 21st century such hotspots will be exposed to average monthly temperature and precipitation patterns which can be regarded as extreme if compared to the climate experienced during 1950-2000. In particular, we considered the entire European sub-continent plus Turkey and a total of 1149 species of terrestrial vertebrates. For each species, we developed species-specific expert-based distribution models (validated against field data) which we used to calculate species richness maps for mammals, breeding birds, amphibians, and reptiles. Considering four global circulation model outputs and three emission scenarios, we generated an index of risk of exposure to extreme climates, and we used a bivariate local Moran’s I to identify the areas with a significant association between hotspots of diversity and high risk of exposure to extreme climates. Our results outline that the Mediterranean basin represents both an important hotspot for biodiversity and especially for threatened species for all taxa. In particular, the Iberian and Italian peninsulas host particularly high species richness as measured over all groups, while the eastern Mediterranean basin is particularly rich in amphibians and reptiles; the islands (both Macaronesian and Mediterranean) host the highest richness of threatened species for all taxa occurs. Our results suggest that the main hotspots of biodiversity for terrestrial vertebrates may be extensively influenced by the climate change projected to occur over the coming decades, especially in the Mediterranean bioregion, posing serious concerns for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giovanni Amori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Falcucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Masi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Montemaggiori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Julien Pottier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Rondinini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Russo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Boitani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Normand S, Randin C, Ohlemüller R, Bay C, Høye TT, Kjær ED, Körner C, Lischke H, Maiorano L, Paulsen J, Pearman PB, Psomas A, Treier UA, Zimmermann NE, Svenning JC. A greener Greenland? Climatic potential and long-term constraints on future expansions of trees and shrubs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120479. [PMID: 23836785 PMCID: PMC3720052 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Warming-induced expansion of trees and shrubs into tundra vegetation will strongly impact Arctic ecosystems. Today, a small subset of the boreal woody flora found during certain Plio-Pleistocene warm periods inhabits Greenland. Whether the twenty-first century warming will induce a re-colonization of a rich woody flora depends on the roles of climate and migration limitations in shaping species ranges. Using potential treeline and climatic niche modelling, we project shifts in areas climatically suitable for tree growth and 56 Greenlandic, North American and European tree and shrub species from the Last Glacial Maximum through the present and into the future. In combination with observed tree plantings, our modelling highlights that a majority of the non-native species find climatically suitable conditions in certain parts of Greenland today, even in areas harbouring no native trees. Analyses of analogous climates indicate that these conditions are widespread outside Greenland, thus increasing the likelihood of woody invasions. Nonetheless, we find a substantial migration lag for Greenland's current and future woody flora. In conclusion, the projected climatic scope for future expansions is strongly limited by dispersal, soil development and other disequilibrium dynamics, with plantings and unintentional seed dispersal by humans having potentially large impacts on spread rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Normand
- Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
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48
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Di Febbraro M, Lurz PWW, Genovesi P, Maiorano L, Girardello M, Bertolino S. The use of climatic niches in screening procedures for introduced species to evaluate risk of spread: a case with the American Eastern grey squirrel. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66559. [PMID: 23843957 PMCID: PMC3701016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species introduction represents one of the most serious threats for biodiversity. The realized climatic niche of an invasive species can be used to predict its potential distribution in new areas, providing a basis for screening procedures in the compilation of black and white lists to prevent new introductions. We tested this assertion by modeling the realized climatic niche of the Eastern grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis. Maxent was used to develop three models: one considering only records from the native range (NRM), a second including records from native and invasive range (NIRM), a third calibrated with invasive occurrences and projected in the native range (RCM). Niche conservatism was tested considering both a niche equivalency and a niche similarity test. NRM failed to predict suitable parts of the currently invaded range in Europe, while RCM underestimated the suitability in the native range. NIRM accurately predicted both the native and invasive range. The niche equivalency hypothesis was rejected due to a significant difference between the grey squirrel's niche in native and invasive ranges. The niche similarity test yielded no significant results. Our analyses support the hypothesis of a shift in the species' climatic niche in the area of introductions. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) appear to be a useful tool in the compilation of black lists, allowing identifying areas vulnerable to invasions. We advise caution in the use of SDMs based only on the native range of a species for the compilation of white lists for other geographic areas, due to the significant risk of underestimating its potential invasive range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Di Febbraro
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche, Isernia, Italy.
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Pellissier L, Meltofte H, Hansen J, Schmidt NM, Tamstorf MP, Maiorano L, Aastrup P, Olsen J, Guisan A, Wisz MS. Suitability, success and sinks: how do predictions of nesting distributions relate to fitness parameters in high arctic waders? DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Pellissier
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Hans Meltofte
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Jannik Hansen
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
- Greenland Climate Research Centre; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Nuuk DK-3900 Greenland
| | - Mikkel P. Tamstorf
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Luigi Maiorano
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Bâtiment Biophore Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Peter Aastrup
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Bâtiment Biophore Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Mary S. Wisz
- Department of Bioscience; The Arctic Research Centre; Aarhus University; Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark
- Greenland Climate Research Centre; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Nuuk DK-3900 Greenland
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50
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Micheli F, Levin N, Giakoumi S, Katsanevakis S, Abdulla A, Coll M, Fraschetti S, Kark S, Koutsoubas D, Mackelworth P, Maiorano L, Possingham HP. Setting priorities for regional conservation planning in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59038. [PMID: 23577060 PMCID: PMC3618442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial prioritization in conservation is required to direct limited resources to where actions are most urgently needed and most likely to produce effective conservation outcomes. In an effort to advance the protection of a highly threatened hotspot of marine biodiversity, the Mediterranean Sea, multiple spatial conservation plans have been developed in recent years. Here, we review and integrate these different plans with the goal of identifying priority conservation areas that represent the current consensus among the different initiatives. A review of six existing and twelve proposed conservation initiatives highlights gaps in conservation and management planning, particularly within the southern and eastern regions of the Mediterranean and for offshore and deep sea habitats. The eighteen initiatives vary substantially in their extent (covering 0.1-58.5% of the Mediterranean Sea) and in the location of additional proposed conservation and management areas. Differences in the criteria, approaches and data used explain such variation. Despite the diversity among proposals, our analyses identified ten areas, encompassing 10% of the Mediterranean Sea, that are consistently identified among the existing proposals, with an additional 10% selected by at least five proposals. These areas represent top priorities for immediate conservation action. Despite the plethora of initiatives, major challenges face Mediterranean biodiversity and conservation. These include the need for spatial prioritization within a comprehensive framework for regional conservation planning, the acquisition of additional information from data-poor areas, species or habitats, and addressing the challenges of establishing transboundary governance and collaboration in socially, culturally and politically complex conditions. Collective prioritised action, not new conservation plans, is needed for the north, western, and high seas of the Mediterranean, while developing initial information-based plans for the south and eastern Mediterranean is an urgent requirement for true regional conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA.
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