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Golden MR, Soge OO, Mills M, Berzkalns A, Cannon C, Ramchandani M, Dombrowski JC, Karmarkar EN, Chow EJ, Gov JP, Swenson P, Greninger AL. Asymptomatic and Subclinical Mpox: An Association With Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vaccine. Sex Transm Dis 2024; 51:342-347. [PMID: 38301634 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND How often mpox causes asymptomatic infections, particularly among persons who have received the Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine, is unknown. METHODS We performed mpox polymerase chain reaction testing on rectal and pharyngeal specimens collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients at a sexual health clinic in Seattle, WA, between May 2022 and May 2023. Analyses evaluated the prevalence of asymptomatic or subclinical infection and, among persons with polymerase chain reaction-positive tests, the association of MVA vaccination status with the symptomatic infection. RESULTS The study population included 1663 persons tested for mpox during 2353 clinic visits. Ninety-three percent of study participants were cisgender men and 96% were men who have sex with men. A total of 198 symptomatic patients (30%) had a first mpox-positive test during 664 visits. Eighteen patients (1.1%) tested during 1689 visits had asymptomatic or subclinical mpox based on a positive rectal or pharyngeal test done in the absence of testing done because of clinical suspicion for mpox. Fourteen (78%) of 18 persons with asymptomatic/subclinical mpox and 53 (26%) of 198 persons with symptomatic mpox had received at least 1 dose of the MVA vaccine ( P < 0.0001). Controlling for calendar month, study subjects who received 1 and 2 doses of MVA vaccine were 4.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-15) and 11.9 (3.6-40) times more likely to have asymptomatic versus symptomatic mpox, respectively, than persons who were unvaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic mpox is uncommon. Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccination is associated with an asymptomatic/subclinical infection among persons with mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margaret Mills
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ellora N Karmarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington
| | | | - Jolene P Gov
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Washington, Seattle, WA
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Zimmerman JB, Brooks B, Mills M. The 2024 Outstanding Achievements in Environmental Science & Technology Award - The Asia Pacific Region. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:1-2. [PMID: 38193156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
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Ren ZJ, Lowry GV, Arnold WA, Brooks BW, Gago-Ferrero P, Garcia JM, Leonard KC, Mills M, Serrano JF, Wang S, Zimmerman JB. Data Science for the Transformation of Environmental and Chemical Research and Development. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:17663-17664. [PMID: 36283093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Domalpally A, Whittier SA, Pan Q, Dabelea DM, Darwin CH, Knowler WC, Lee CG, Luchsinger JA, White NH, Chew EY, Gadde KM, Culbert IW, Arceneaux J, Chatellier A, Dragg A, Champagne CM, Duncan C, Eberhardt B, Greenway F, Guillory FG, Herbert AA, Jeffirs ML, Kennedy BM, Levy E, Lockett M, Lovejoy JC, Morris LH, Melancon LE, Ryan DH, Sanford DA, Smith KG, Smith LL, St.Amant JA, Tulley RT, Vicknair PC, Williamson D, Zachwieja JJ, Polonsky KS, Tobian J, Ehrmann DA, Matulik MJ, Temple KA, Clark B, Czech K, DeSandre C, Dotson B, Hilbrich R, McNabb W, Semenske AR, Caro JF, Furlong K, Goldstein BJ, Watson PG, Smith KA, Mendoza J, Simmons M, Wildman W, Liberoni R, Spandorfer J, Pepe C, Donahue RP, Goldberg RB, Prineas R, Calles J, Giannella A, Rowe P, Sanguily J, Cassanova-Romero P, Castillo-Florez S, Florez HJ, Garg R, Kirby L, Lara O, Larreal C, McLymont V, Mendez J, Perry A, Saab P, Veciana B, Haffner SM, Hazuda HP, Montez MG, Hattaway K, Isaac J, Lorenzo C, Martinez A, Salazar M, Walker T, Hamman RF, Nash PV, Steinke SC, Testaverde L, Truong J, Anderson DR, Ballonoff LB, Bouffard A, Bucca B, Calonge BN, Delve L, Farago M, Hill JO, Hoyer SR, Jenkins T, Jortberg BT, Lenz D, Miller M, Nilan T, Perreault L, Price DW, Regensteiner JG, Schroeder EB, Seagle H, Smith CM, VanDorsten B, Horton ES, Munshi M, Lawton KE, Jackson SD, Poirier CS, Swift K, Arky RA, Bryant M, Burke JP, Caballero E, Callaphan KM, Fargnoli B, Franklin T, Ganda OP, Guidi A, Guido M, Jacobsen AM, Kula LM, Kocal M, Lambert L, Ledbury S, Malloy MA, Middelbeek RJ, Nicosia M, Oldmixon CF, Pan J, Quitingon M, Rainville R, Rubtchinsky S, Seely EW, Sansoucy J, Schweizer D, Simonson D, Smith F, Solomon CG, Spellman J, Warram J, Kahn SE, Fattaleh B, Montgomery BK, Colegrove C, Fujimoto W, Knopp RH, Lipkin EW, Marr M, Morgan-Taggart I, Murillo A, O’Neal K, Trence D, Taylor L, Thomas A, Tsai EC, Dagogo-Jack S, Kitabchi AE, Murphy ME, Taylor L, Dolgoff J, Applegate WB, Bryer-Ash M, Clark D, Frieson SL, Ibebuogu U, Imseis R, Lambeth H, Lichtermann LC, Oktaei H, Ricks H, Rutledge LM, Sherman AR, Smith CM, Soberman JE, Williams-Cleaves B, Patel A, Nyenwe EA, Hampton EF, Metzger BE, Molitch ME, Johnson MK, Adelman DT, Behrends C, Cook M, Fitzgibbon M, Giles MM, Heard D, Johnson CK, Larsen D, Lowe A, Lyman M, McPherson D, Penn SC, Pitts T, Reinhart R, Roston S, Schinleber PA, Wallia A, Nathan DM, McKitrick C, Turgeon H, Larkin M, Mugford M, Abbott K, Anderson E, Bissett L, Bondi K, Cagliero E, Florez JC, Delahanty L, Goldman V, Grassa E, Gurry L, D’Anna K, Leandre F, Lou P, Poulos A, Raymond E, Ripley V, Stevens C, Tseng B, Olefsky JM, Barrett-Connor E, Mudaliar S, Araneta MR, Carrion-Petersen ML, Vejvoda K, Bassiouni S, Beltran M, Claravall LN, Dowden JM, Edelman SV, Garimella P, Henry RR, Horne J, Lamkin M, Janesch SS, Leos D, Polonsky W, Ruiz R, Smith J, Torio-Hurley J, Pi-Sunyer FX, Lee JE, Hagamen S, Allison DB, Agharanya N, Aronoff NJ, Baldo M, Crandall JP, Foo ST, Luchsinger JA, Pal C, Parkes K, Pena MB, Rooney ES, Van Wye GE, Viscovich KA, de Groot M, Marrero DG, Mather KJ, Prince MJ, Kelly SM, Jackson MA, McAtee G, Putenney P, Ackermann RT, Cantrell CM, Dotson YF, Fineberg ES, Fultz M, Guare JC, Hadden A, Ignaut JM, Kirkman MS, Phillips EO, Pinner KL, Porter BD, Roach PJ, Rowland ND, Wheeler ML, Aroda V, Magee M, Ratner RE, Youssef G, Shapiro S, Andon N, Bavido-Arrage C, Boggs G, Bronsord M, Brown E, Love Burkott H, Cheatham WW, Cola S, Evans C, Gibbs P, Kellum T, Leon L, Lagarda M, Levatan C, Lindsay M, Nair AK, Park J, Passaro M, Silverman A, Uwaifo G, Wells-Thayer D, Wiggins R, Saad MF, Watson K, Budget M, Jinagouda S, Botrous M, Sosa A, Tadros S, Akbar K, Conzues C, Magpuri P, Ngo K, Rassam A, Waters D, Xapthalamous K, Santiago JV, Brown AL, Das S, Khare-Ranade P, Stich T, Santiago A, Fisher E, Hurt E, Jones T, Kerr M, Ryder L, Wernimont C, Golden SH, Saudek CD, Bradley V, Sullivan E, Whittington T, Abbas C, Allen A, Brancati FL, Cappelli S, Clark JM, Charleston JB, Freel J, Horak K, Greene A, Jiggetts D, Johnson D, Joseph H, Loman K, Mathioudakis N, Mosley H, Reusing J, Rubin RR, Samuels A, Shields T, Stephens S, Stewart KJ, Thomas L, Utsey E, Williamson P, Schade DS, Adams KS, Canady JL, Johannes C, Hemphill C, Hyde P, Atler LF, Boyle PJ, Burge MR, Chai L, Colleran K, Fondino A, Gonzales Y, Hernandez-McGinnis DA, Katz P, King C, Middendorf J, Rubinchik S, Senter W, Crandall J, Shamoon H, Brown JO, Trandafirescu G, Powell D, Adorno E, Cox L, Duffy H, Engel S, Friedler A, Goldstein A, Howard-Century CJ, Lukin J, Kloiber S, Longchamp N, Martinez H, Pompi D, Scheindlin J, Violino E, Walker EA, Wylie-Rosett J, Zimmerman E, Zonszein J, Orchard T, Venditti E, Wing RR, Jeffries S, Koenning G, Kramer MK, Smith M, Barr S, Benchoff C, Boraz M, Clifford L, Culyba R, Frazier M, Gilligan R, Guimond S, Harrier S, Harris L, Kriska A, Manjoo Q, Mullen M, Noel A, Otto A, Pettigrew J, Rockette-Wagner B, Rubinstein D, Semler L, Smith CF, Weinzierl V, Williams KV, Wilson T, Mau MK, Baker-Ladao NK, Melish JS, Arakaki RF, Latimer RW, Isonaga MK, Beddow R, Bermudez NE, Dias L, Inouye J, Mikami K, Mohideen P, Odom SK, Perry RU, Yamamoto RE, Anderson H, Cooeyate N, Dodge C, Hoskin MA, Percy CA, Enote A, Natewa C, Acton KJ, Andre VL, Barber R, Begay S, Bennett PH, Benson MB, Bird EC, Broussard BA, Bucca BC, Chavez M, Cook S, Curtis J, Dacawyma T, Doughty MS, Duncan R, Edgerton C, Ghahate JM, Glass J, Glass M, Gohdes D, Grant W, Hanson RL, Horse E, Ingraham LE, Jackson M, Jay P, Kaskalla RS, Kavena K, Kessler D, Kobus KM, Krakoff J, Kurland J, Manus C, McCabe C, Michaels S, Morgan T, Nashboo Y, Nelson JA, Poirier S, Polczynski E, Piromalli C, Reidy M, Roumain J, Rowse D, Roy RJ, Sangster S, Sewenemewa J, Smart M, Spencer C, Tonemah D, Williams R, Wilson C, Yazzie M, Bain R, Fowler S, Temprosa M, Larsen MD, Brenneman T, Edelstein SL, Abebe S, Bamdad J, Barkalow M, Bethepu J, Bezabeh T, Bowers A, Butler N, Callaghan J, Carter CE, Christophi C, Dwyer GM, Foulkes M, Gao Y, Gooding R, Gottlieb A, Grimes KL, Grover-Fairchild N, Haffner L, Hoffman H, Jablonski K, Jones S, Jones TL, Katz R, Kolinjivadi P, Lachin JM, Ma Y, Mucik P, Orlosky R, Reamer S, Rochon J, Sapozhnikova A, Sherif H, Stimpson C, Hogan Tjaden A, Walker-Murray F, Venditti EM, Kriska AM, Weinzierl V, Marcovina S, Aldrich FA, Harting J, Albers J, Strylewicz G, Eastman R, Fradkin J, Garfield S, Lee C, Gregg E, Zhang P, O’Leary D, Evans G, Budoff M, Dailing C, Stamm E, Schwartz A, Navy C, Palermo L, Rautaharju P, Prineas RJ, Alexander T, Campbell C, Hall S, Li Y, Mills M, Pemberton N, Rautaharju F, Zhang Z, Soliman EZ, Hu J, Hensley S, Keasler L, Taylor T, Blodi B, Danis R, Davis M, Hubbard* L, Endres** R, Elsas** D, Johnson** S, Myers** D, Barrett N, Baumhauer H, Benz W, Cohn H, Corkery E, Dohm K, Gama V, Goulding A, Ewen A, Hurtenbach C, Lawrence D, McDaniel K, Pak J, Reimers J, Shaw R, Swift M, Vargo P, Watson S, Manly J, Mayer-Davis E, Moran RR, Ganiats T, David K, Sarkin AJ, Groessl E, Katzir N, Chong H, Herman WH, Brändle M, Brown MB, Altshuler D, Billings LK, Chen L, Harden M, Knowler WC, Pollin TI, Shuldiner AR, Franks PW, Hivert MF. Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:140-147. [PMID: 36547967 PMCID: PMC9936345 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.5567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness with no treatment available for early stages. Retrospective studies have shown an association between metformin and reduced risk of AMD. Objective To investigate the association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design, Setting, and Participants The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study is a cross-sectional follow-up phase of a large multicenter randomized clinical trial, Diabetes Prevention Program (1996-2001), to investigate the association of treatment with metformin or an intensive lifestyle modification vs placebo with preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes in a population at high risk for developing diabetes. Participants with retinal imaging at a follow-up visit 16 years posttrial (2017-2019) were included. Analysis took place between October 2019 and May 2022. Interventions Participants were randomly distributed between 3 interventional arms: lifestyle, metformin, and placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of AMD in the treatment arms. Results Of 1592 participants, 514 (32.3%) were in the lifestyle arm, 549 (34.5%) were in the metformin arm, and 529 (33.2%) were in the placebo arm. All 3 arms were balanced for baseline characteristics including age (mean [SD] age at randomization, 49 [9] years), sex (1128 [71%] male), race and ethnicity (784 [49%] White), smoking habits, body mass index, and education level. AMD was identified in 479 participants (30.1%); 229 (14.4%) had early AMD, 218 (13.7%) had intermediate AMD, and 32 (2.0%) had advanced AMD. There was no significant difference in the presence of AMD between the 3 groups: 152 (29.6%) in the lifestyle arm, 165 (30.2%) in the metformin arm, and 162 (30.7%) in the placebo arm. There was also no difference in the distribution of early, intermediate, and advanced AMD between the intervention groups. Mean duration of metformin use was similar for those with and without AMD (mean [SD], 8.0 [9.3] vs 8.5 [9.3] years; P = .69). In the multivariate models, history of smoking was associated with increased risks of AMD (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05-1.61; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance These data suggest neither metformin nor lifestyle changes initiated for diabetes prevention were associated with the risk of any AMD, with similar results for AMD severity. Duration of metformin use was also not associated with AMD. This analysis does not address the association of metformin with incidence or progression of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Domalpally
- Wisconsin Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public and Health, Madison
| | - Samuel A. Whittier
- Wisconsin Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public and Health, Madison
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Dana M. Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Denver
| | - Christine H. Darwin
- Department of Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - William C. Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Christine G. Lee
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jose A. Luchsinger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Neil H. White
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications–Clinical Trials Branch, National Eye Institute - National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber Dragg
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Crystal Duncan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Frank Greenway
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Erma Levy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Monica Lockett
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Donna H. Ryan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Lisa L. Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Janet Tobian
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Bart Clark
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kirsten Czech
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Wylie McNabb
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Jose F. Caro
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kevin Furlong
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Jewel Mendoza
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marsha Simmons
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Wendi Wildman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Renee Liberoni
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Constance Pepe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Ronald Prineas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Anna Giannella
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Patricia Rowe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajesh Garg
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Olga Lara
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carmen Larreal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Jadell Mendez
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Arlette Perry
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Patrice Saab
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Bertha Veciana
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Kathy Hattaway
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Juan Isaac
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Monica Salazar
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tatiana Walker
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Bucca
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - B. Ned Calonge
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lynne Delve
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Martha Farago
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - James O. Hill
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Tonya Jenkins
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Dione Lenz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marsha Miller
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Thomas Nilan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - David W. Price
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Helen Seagle
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Medha Munshi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Kati Swift
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ronald A. Arky
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Om P. Ganda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ashley Guidi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Mathew Guido
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Lyn M. Kula
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Margaret Kocal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lori Lambert
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sarah Ledbury
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Jocelyn Pan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Ellen W. Seely
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Dana Schweizer
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Fannie Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - James Warram
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Steven E. Kahn
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Basma Fattaleh
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Marr
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Anne Murillo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kayla O’Neal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dace Trence
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lonnese Taylor
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - April Thomas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Elaine C. Tsai
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mary E. Murphy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Laura Taylor
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Debra Clark
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Uzoma Ibebuogu
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Raed Imseis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Helen Lambeth
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Hooman Oktaei
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Harriet Ricks
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Amy R. Sherman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Clara M. Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Avnisha Patel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Cook
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Mimi M. Giles
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Deloris Heard
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Diane Larsen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Anne Lowe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Megan Lyman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Samsam C. Penn
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Thomas Pitts
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Renee Reinhart
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Roston
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Amisha Wallia
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Mary Larkin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Kathy Abbott
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ellen Anderson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Laurie Bissett
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kristy Bondi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Jose C. Florez
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Elaine Grassa
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lindsery Gurry
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kali D’Anna
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Peter Lou
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Elyse Raymond
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Valerie Ripley
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Beverly Tseng
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Vejvoda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javiva Horne
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marycie Lamkin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Diana Leos
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Rosa Ruiz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jean Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Jane E. Lee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Hagamen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Maria Baldo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Sandra T. Foo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Carmen Pal
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kathy Parkes
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Mary Beth Pena
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Mary de Groot
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Susie M. Kelly
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Gina McAtee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Paula Putenney
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Megan Fultz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - John C. Guare
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Angela Hadden
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Kisha L Pinner
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Paris J. Roach
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Vanita Aroda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Michelle Magee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Sue Shapiro
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Natalie Andon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan Cola
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Cindy Evans
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Peggy Gibbs
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tracy Kellum
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lilia Leon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Milvia Lagarda
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Asha K. Nair
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jean Park
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Gabriel Uwaifo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Renee Wiggins
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Karol Watson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Maria Budget
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Medhat Botrous
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Anthony Sosa
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sameh Tadros
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Khan Akbar
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Kathy Ngo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Amer Rassam
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Debra Waters
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Samia Das
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Tamara Stich
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ana Santiago
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Edwin Fisher
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Emma Hurt
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tracy Jones
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Michelle Kerr
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lucy Ryder
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily Sullivan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Caroline Abbas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Adrienne Allen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Janice Freel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Alicia Greene
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dawn Jiggetts
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Hope Joseph
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kimberly Loman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Henry Mosley
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - John Reusing
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Alafia Samuels
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Thomas Shields
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - LeeLana Thomas
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Evonne Utsey
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Penny Hyde
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mark R. Burge
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Chai
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ateka Fondino
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ysela Gonzales
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Patricia Katz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carolyn King
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Jill Crandall
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Harry Shamoon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Janet O. Brown
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Elsie Adorno
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Liane Cox
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Helena Duffy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Samuel Engel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lukin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Stacey Kloiber
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Helen Martinez
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dorothy Pompi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Elissa Violino
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Joel Zonszein
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Trevor Orchard
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Rena R. Wing
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Jeffries
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Gaye Koenning
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - M. Kaye Kramer
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Marie Smith
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Barr
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Miriam Boraz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Clifford
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Rebecca Culyba
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ryan Gilligan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Susan Harrier
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Louann Harris
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Andrea Kriska
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Monica Mullen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Alicia Noel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Amy Otto
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Linda Semler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Tara Wilson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - John S. Melish
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mae K. Isonaga
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ralph Beddow
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Lorna Dias
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jillian Inouye
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kathy Mikami
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Sharon K. Odom
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary A. Hoskin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Carol A. Percy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Alvera Enote
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Camille Natewa
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kelly J. Acton
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Rosalyn Barber
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Shandiin Begay
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Evelyn C. Bird
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Brian C. Bucca
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Sherron Cook
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jeff Curtis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tara Dacawyma
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Roberta Duncan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Cyndy Edgerton
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Justin Glass
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Martia Glass
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dorothy Gohdes
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Wendy Grant
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ellie Horse
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Merry Jackson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Priscilla Jay
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Karen Kavena
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - David Kessler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Jason Kurland
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Cherie McCabe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sara Michaels
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tina Morgan
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Steven Poirier
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Mike Reidy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Debra Rowse
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Robert J. Roy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Miranda Smart
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Darryl Tonemah
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Raymond Bain
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sarah Fowler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Tina Brenneman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Solome Abebe
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Julie Bamdad
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Joel Bethepu
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Anna Bowers
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Nicole Butler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Foulkes
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Yuping Gao
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Robert Gooding
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | - Lori Haffner
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Steve Jones
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tara L. Jones
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Richard Katz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - John M. Lachin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Yong Ma
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Pamela Mucik
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Robert Orlosky
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Reamer
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - James Rochon
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Hanna Sherif
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Albers
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - R. Eastman
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Judith Fradkin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Christine Lee
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Edward Gregg
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ping Zhang
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Dan O’Leary
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Gregory Evans
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Matthew Budoff
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Chris Dailing
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Ann Schwartz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Caroline Navy
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Palermo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | - Sharon Hall
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Yabing Li
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Margaret Mills
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Zhuming Zhang
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Julie Hu
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Susan Hensley
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Lisa Keasler
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Tonya Taylor
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Barbara Blodi
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ronald Danis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Matthew Davis
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Larry Hubbard*
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ryan Endres**
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Dawn Myers**
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Nancy Barrett
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Wendy Benz
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Holly Cohn
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ellie Corkery
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kristi Dohm
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Vonnie Gama
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Anne Goulding
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Andy Ewen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Kyle McDaniel
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jeong Pak
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - James Reimers
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Ruth Shaw
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Maria Swift
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Pamela Vargo
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Sheila Watson
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Jennifer Manly
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | - Ted Ganiats
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Kristin David
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Erik Groessl
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Naomi Katzir
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Helen Chong
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ling Chen
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | - Maegan Harden
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Toni I. Pollin
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
| | | | - Paul W. Franks
- for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research (DPPOS) Group
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5
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Singh K, Rubenstein K, Callier V, Shaw-Saliba K, Rupert A, Dewar RL, Laverdure S, Highbarger H, Lallemand P, Huang ML, Jerome KR, Sampoleo R, Mills M, Porter DP, Juneja K, Greninger AL, Clifford Lane H, Beigel JH, Dodd LE, Dodd LE. 789. Viral and Immunologic biomarkers of COVID-19 improve risk stratification and identify patients most likely to benefit from therapy with remdesivir. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
ACTT-1 demonstrated clinical efficacy of remdesivir (RDV) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19; subgroup analyses suggested those most likely to benefit presented with milder clinical illness. To further clarify what subsets of hospitalized patients might benefit from RDV, we analyzed virological and immunological biomarkers in this previously reported cohort.
Methods
Serum and upper respiratory tract (URT) swabs were collected on Day 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11 while hospitalized; Day 15 and 29 as able were collected and tested for quantitative RNA (URT and plasma), serum nucleoprotein (NPR), IL-6, CRP through Day 6, and serostatus (baseline only). Participants with a baseline and at least one subsequent sample were used in this analysis. Associations of all these biomarkers with clinical outcomes (mortality, recovery) and response to therapy were assessed. Of the 1062 participants in ACTT-1, 642 had baseline and at least one subsequent sample within 6 days of randomization (Fig 1, Table 1).
Results
RDV-treated patients with moderate/severe disease who had elevated baseline NPR levels recovered faster (RRR 1.95 vs 1.04, p = 0.01); similar trends were noted for plasma and URT RNA levels (Fig 2A); mortality treatment effects by viral load subgroups (high or low) were not seen (Fig 2B). In patients with less severe illness, RDV treatment was associated with an accelerated decline in NPR (difference -0.062 log10 pg/ml per day, p = 0.003) and plasma RNA levels (difference -0.040 log10 pg/ml per day, p = 0.004. Fig 3A), and a decrease in the proportion of patients with increasing and/or persistent viral loads (Fig 3B). Patients with increasing/persistent viral loads also took longer to recover than those with decreasing viral loads, irrespective of disease severity: RRR for plasma RNA 0.45, 95% CI 0.28–0.73, RRR for NPR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.88 for moderate/severe disease; RRR for plasma RNA 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 – 0.70, RRR for NPR n.e. (no recoveries) for critical disease (Fig 4).
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates a systemic antiviral effect of remdesivir, shows the prognostic value of viral and immunologic biomarkers for mortality and failure to recover, and identifies a group of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 most likely to benefit from remdesivir treatment.
Disclosures
Kevin Rubenstein, MS, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Viviane Callier, PhD, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Adam Rupert, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Robin L. Dewar, PhD, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Sylvain Laverdure, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Helene Highbarger, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Perrine Lallemand, n/a, Frederick National Laboratory: Funded by the NCI Contract No. 75N91019D00024 Danielle P. Porter, PhD, Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Kavita Juneja, n/a, Gilead Sciences: Employee Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Abbott: Contract testing|Cepheid: Contract testing|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Hologic: Contract testing|Janssen: Contract testing|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Contract testing|Pfizer: Contract testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanal Singh
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Katy Shaw-Saliba
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Adam Rupert
- Frederick National Laboratory , Rockville, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H Clifford Lane
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - John H Beigel
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Lori E Dodd
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Lori E Dodd
- The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
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6
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Zimmerman JB, Brooks B, Mills M. Winners of the James J. Morgan Award Early Career Award 2023. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16541-16543. [PMID: 36472124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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7
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Diamond ML, Rosario-Ortiz F, Field J, Leusch F, Lowry G, Mills M, Wang P, Westerhoff P, Zimmerman J. Hearing All Voices to Address Environmental Challenges at a Global Scale. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:9147-9148. [PMID: 35727233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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8
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Zhao LP, Roychoudhury P, Gilbert P, Schiffer J, Lybrand TP, Payne TH, Randhawa A, Thiebaud S, Mills M, Greninger A, Pyo CW, Wang R, Li R, Thomas A, Norris B, Nelson WC, Jerome KR, Geraghty DE. Mutations in viral nucleocapsid protein and endoRNase are discovered to associate with COVID19 hospitalization risk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1206. [PMID: 35075180 PMCID: PMC8786941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide with continuously evolving variants, some of which occur in the Spike protein and appear to increase viral transmissibility. However, variants that cause severe COVID-19 or lead to other breakthroughs have not been well characterized. To discover such viral variants, we assembled a cohort of 683 COVID-19 patients; 388 inpatients ("cases") and 295 outpatients ("controls") from April to August 2020 using electronically captured COVID test request forms and sequenced their viral genomes. To improve the analytical power, we accessed 7137 viral sequences in Washington State to filter out viral single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that did not have significant expansions over the collection period. Applying this filter led to the identification of 53 SNVs that were statistically significant, of which 13 SNVs each had 3 or more variant copies in the discovery cohort. Correlating these selected SNVs with case/control status, eight SNVs were found to significantly associate with inpatient status (q-values < 0.01). Using temporal synchrony, we identified a four SNV-haplotype (t19839-g28881-g28882-g28883) that was significantly associated with case/control status (Fisher's exact p = 2.84 × 10-11). This haplotype appeared in April 2020, peaked in June, and persisted into January 2021. The association was replicated (OR = 5.46, p-value = 4.71 × 10-12) in an independent cohort of 964 COVID-19 patients (June 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021). The haplotype included a synonymous change N73N in endoRNase, and three non-synonymous changes coding residues R203K, R203S and G204R in the nucleocapsid protein. This discovery points to the potential functional role of the nucleocapsid protein in triggering "cytokine storms" and severe COVID-19 that led to hospitalization. The study further emphasizes a need for tracking and analyzing viral sequences in correlations with clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Ping Zhao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Pavitra Roychoudhury
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Gilbert
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Joshua Schiffer
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Terry P Lybrand
- Quintepa Computing LLC, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas H Payne
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - April Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sara Thiebaud
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Margaret Mills
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alex Greninger
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chul-Woo Pyo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Scisco Genetics Inc., Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Scisco Genetics Inc., Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Renyu Li
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Alexander Thomas
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Brandon Norris
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Scisco Genetics Inc., Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Wyatt C Nelson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Scisco Genetics Inc., Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel E Geraghty
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Scisco Genetics Inc., Seattle, WA, 98102, USA.
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Field J, Leusch F, Lowry G, Mills M, Westerhoff P, Wang P, Zimmerman JB. ES&T's Best Papers of 2020. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:11489-11490. [PMID: 34488353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Liveringhouse C, Wilson C, Mills M, Thapa R, Fridley B, Robinson T, Diaz R. PH-0224 Association between the genomic immune response and locoregional control in ER- breast cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rahimy E, Usoz M, von Eyben R, Fujimoto D, Watanabe D, Karam A, Jairam-Thodla A, Mills M, Dorigo O, Diver EJ, Teng N, English D, Kidd E. Phase II trial evaluating efficacy of a Fitbit program for improving the health of endometrial cancer survivors. Gynecol Oncol 2021; 161:275-281. [PMID: 33551199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the favorable prognosis of early stage endometrial cancer, mortality from cardiovascular disease is high. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a Fitbit program to improve physical activity in endometrial cancer survivors. METHODS Eligible patients were diagnosed with stage IA-IIIA endometrial adenocarcinoma, ≥3 months out from treatment. Participants received a Fitbit Alta and were randomized to receive communication via telephone or electronic methods (email/text). Communication was every two weeks for two months, then once during months four and five. Average daily steps were assessed weekly for nine months. RESULTS The 46 analyzable patients demonstrated a baseline of 5641 median daily average steps. Average steps increased by 22% at 6 months but decreased to baseline by nine months. Baseline activity level (daily steps and walks per week) was the greatest predictor of activity level. Only the telephone intervention participants demonstrated increased activity level at several timepoints, although not maintained by nine months. BMI was unchanged. There was mild improvement in physical and social well-being in those with low baseline well-being (p = 0.009 and 0.014, respectively), regardless of intervention group. Emotional well-being correlated with step count (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Activity level was low and mildly improved on the Fitbit program with the telephone intervention, but effects did not persist by study completion. The program had the greatest impact on a select group of telephone intervention patients with high baseline walking frequency and low baseline step count. Others may require more intense intervention to promote more robust/persistent lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rahimy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Melissa Usoz
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dylann Fujimoto
- University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Darla Watanabe
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amer Karam
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Margaret Mills
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nelson Teng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Diana English
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kidd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Nasra K, Nguyen J, Rathousky P, Mills M, Tesfay A, Nahlawi S, Govila L. Abstract No. 573 Appropriate imaging criteria for neurologic intervention in stroke: pearls and pitfalls of computed tomography perfusion. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Silbernagel K, Jechorek R, Barbour WM, Mrozinski P, Alejo W, Aleo V, Andaloro B, Beacorn F, Benzinger J, Bogar S, Brayman C, Broom J, Carson M, Carver C, Cheng C, Centrella B, Clayborn J, Collins C, Deibel C, Divine M, Eliasberg S, Farmer D, Frye S, Gatesy T, Goodstein E, Halker C, Hall G, Hanson P, Hartman G, Heddaeus K, Hembree J, Hutchins J, Istafanos P, Jechorek R, Jenkins J, Kerdahi K, Kremer S, Lal A, Leighton S, Lester D, Lewis J, Lin J, Martin J, Maselli M, McCarthy P, McGovern B, Mills M, Mohnke F, Moon B, Moss D, Plaza M, Robeson S, Romero H, Rubalcaba D, Schultz A, Seehusen J, Shaw C, Siem K, Sloan E, Stanerson J, Stepanova N, Van K, Van Enkenvoort K, Vialpando M, Warren W, Watts K, Wilson K, Woodruff T. Evaluation of the BAX® System for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/87.2.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A multilaboratory study was conducted to compare the automated BAX® system and the standard cultural methods for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in foods. Six food types (frankfurters, soft cheese, smoked salmon, raw, ground beef, fresh radishes, and frozen peas) were analyzed by each method. For each food type, 3 inoculation levels were tested: high (average of 2 CFU/g), low (average of 0.2 CFU/g) and uninoculated controls. A total of 25 laboratories representing government and industry participated. Of the 2335 samples analyzed, 1109 were positive by the BAX system and 1115 were positive by the standard method. A Chi square analysis of each of the 6 food types, at the 3 inoculation levels tested, was performed. For all foods, except radishes, the BAX system performed as well as or better than the standard reference methods based on the Chi square results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Mark Barbour
- DuPont Qualicon, 3531 Silverside Rd, Bedford Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810
| | - Peter Mrozinski
- DuPont Qualicon, 3531 Silverside Rd, Bedford Bldg, Wilmington, DE 19810
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Mills M, Reddy A, Richardson L, Richardson K, Kersh C. Pre-treatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Predicts Survival in Patients with Malignant Adrenal Lesions treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McLean K, Glasbey J, Borakati A, Brooks T, Chang H, Choi S, Goodson R, Nielsen M, Pronin S, Salloum N, Sewart E, Vanniasegaram D, Drake T, Gillies M, Harrison E, Chapman S, Khatri C, Kong C, Claireaux H, Bath M, Mohan M, McNamee L, Kelly M, Mitchell H, Fitzgerald J, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Antoniou I, Dean R, Davies N, Trecarten S, Henderson I, Holmes C, Wylie J, Shuttleworth R, Jindal A, Hughes F, Gouda P, Fleck R, Hanrahan M, Karunakaran P, Chen J, Sykes M, Sethi R, Suresh S, Patel P, Patel M, Varma R, Mushtaq J, Gundogan B, Bolton W, Khan T, Burke J, Morley R, Favero N, Adams R, Thirumal V, Kennedy E, Ong K, Tan Y, Gabriel J, Bakhsh A, Low J, Yener A, Paraoan V, Preece R, Tilston T, Cumber E, Dean S, Ross T, McCance E, Amin H, Satterthwaite L, Clement K, Gratton R, Mills E, Chiu S, Hung G, Rafiq N, Hayes J, Robertson K, Dynes K, Huang H, Assadullah S, Duncumb J, Moon R, Poo S, Mehta J, Joshi K, Callan R, Norris J, Chilvers N, Keevil H, Jull P, Mallick S, Elf D, Carr L, Player C, Barton E, Martin A, Ratu S, Roberts E, Phan P, Dyal A, Rogers J, Henson A, Reid N, Burke D, Culleton G, Lynne S, Mansoor S, Brennan C, Blessed R, Holloway C, Hill A, Goldsmith T, Mackin S, Kim S, Woin E, Brent G, Coffin J, Ziff O, Momoh Z, Debenham R, Ahmed M, Yong C, Wan J, Copley H, Raut P, Chaudhry F, Nixon G, Dorman C, Tan R, Kanabar S, Canning N, Dolaghan M, Bell N, McMenamin M, Chhabra A, Duke K, Turner L, Patel T, Chew L, Mirza M, Lunawat S, Oremule B, Ward N, Khan M, Tan E, Maclennan D, McGregor R, Chisholm E, Griffin E, Bell L, Hughes B, Davies J, Haq H, Ahmed H, Ungcharoen N, Whacha C, Thethi R, Markham R, Lee A, Batt E, Bullock N, Francescon C, Davies J, Shafiq N, Zhao J, Vivekanantham S, Barai I, Allen J, Marshall D, McIntyre C, Wilson H, Ashton A, Lek C, Behar N, Davis-Hall M, Seneviratne N, Esteve L, Sirakaya M, Ali S, Pope S, Ahn J, Craig-McQuaide A, Gatfield W, Leong S, Demetri A, Kerr A, Rees C, Loveday J, Liu S, Wijesekera M, Maru D, Attalla M, Smith N, Brown D, Sritharan P, Shah A, Charavanamuttu V, Heppenstall-Harris G, Ng K, Raghvani T, Rajan N, Hulley K, Moody N, Williams M, Cotton A, Sharifpour M, Lwin K, Bright M, Chitnis A, Abdelhadi M, Semana A, Morgan F, Reid R, Dickson J, Anderson L, McMullan R, Ahern N, Asmadi A, Anderson L, Boon Xuan JL, Crozier L, McAleer S, Lees D, Adebayo A, Das M, Amphlett A, Al-Robeye A, Valli A, Khangura J, Winarski A, Ali A, Woodward H, Gouldthrope C, Turner M, Sasapu K, Tonkins M, Wild J, Robinson M, Hardie J, Heminway R, Narramore R, Ramjeeawon N, Hibberd A, Winslow F, Ho W, Chong B, Lim K, Ho S, Crewdson J, Singagireson S, Kalra N, Koumpa F, Jhala H, Soon W, Karia M, Rasiah M, Xylas D, Gilbert H, Sundar-Singh M, Wills J, Akhtar S, Patel S, Hu L, Brathwaite-Shirley C, Nayee H, Amin O, Rangan T, Turner E, McCrann C, Shepherd R, Patel N, Prest-Smith J, Auyoung E, Murtaza A, Coates A, Prys-Jones O, King M, Gaffney S, Dewdney C, Nehikhare I, Lavery J, Bassett J, Davies K, Ahmad K, Collins A, Acres M, Egerton C, Cheng K, Chen X, Chan N, Sheldon A, Khan S, Empey J, Ingram E, Malik A, Johnstone M, Goodier R, Shah J, Giles J, Sanders J, McLure S, Pal S, Rangedara A, Baker A, Asbjoernsen C, Girling C, Gray L, Gauntlett L, Joyner C, Qureshi S, Mogan Y, Ng J, Kumar A, Park J, Tan D, Choo K, Raman K, Buakuma P, Xiao C, Govinden S, Thompson O, Charalambos M, Brown E, Karsan R, Dogra T, Bullman L, Dawson P, Frank A, Abid H, Tung L, Qureshi U, Tahmina A, Matthews B, Harris R, O'Connor A, Mazan K, Iqbal S, Stanger S, Thompson J, Sullivan J, Uppal E, MacAskill A, Bamgbose F, Neophytou C, Carroll A, Rookes C, Datta U, Dhutia A, Rashid S, Ahmed N, Lo T, Bhanderi S, Blore C, Ahmed S, Shaheen H, Abburu S, Majid S, Abbas Z, Talukdar S, Burney L, Patel J, Al-Obaedi O, Roberts A, Mahboob S, Singh B, Sheth S, Karia P, Prabhudesai A, Kow K, Koysombat K, Wang S, Morrison P, Maheswaran Y, Keane P, Copley P, Brewster O, Xu G, Harries P, Wall C, Al-Mousawi A, Bonsu S, Cunha P, Ward T, Paul J, Nadanakumaran K, Tayeh S, Holyoak H, Remedios J, Theodoropoulou K, Luhishi A, Jacob L, Long F, Atayi A, Sarwar S, Parker O, Harvey J, Ross H, Rampal R, Thomas G, Vanmali P, McGowan C, Stein J, Robertson V, Carthew L, Teng V, Fong J, Street A, Thakker C, O'Reilly D, Bravo M, Pizzolato A, Khokhar H, Ryan M, Cheskes L, Carr R, Salih A, Bassiony S, Yuen R, Chrastek D, Rosen O'Sullivan H, Amajuoyi A, Wang A, Sitta O, Wye J, Qamar M, Major C, Kaushal A, Morgan C, Petrarca M, Allot R, Verma K, Dutt S, Chilima C, Peroos S, Kosasih S, Chin H, Ashken L, Pearse R, O'Loughlin R, Menon A, Singh K, Norton J, Sagar R, Jathanna N, Rothwell L, Watson N, Harding F, Dube P, Khalid H, Punjabi N, Sagmeister M, Gill P, Shahid S, Hudson-Phillips S, George D, Ashwood J, Lewis T, Dhar M, Sangal P, Rhema I, Kotecha D, Afzal Z, Syeed J, Prakash E, Jalota P, Herron J, Kimani L, Delport A, Shukla A, Agarwal V, Parthiban S, Thakur H, Cymes W, Rinkoff S, Turnbull J, Hayat M, Darr S, Khan U, Lim J, Higgins A, Lakshmipathy G, Forte B, Canning E, Jaitley A, Lamont J, Toner E, Ghaffar A, McDowell M, Salmon D, O'Carroll O, Khan A, Kelly M, Clesham K, Palmer C, Lyons R, Bell A, Chin R, Waldron R, Trimble A, Cox S, Ashfaq U, Campbell J, Holliday R, McCabe G, Morris F, Priestland R, Vernon O, Ledsam A, Vaughan R, Lim D, Bakewell Z, Hughes R, Koshy R, Jackson H, Narayan P, Cardwell A, Jubainville C, Arif T, Elliott L, Gupta V, Bhaskaran G, Odeleye A, Ahmed F, Shah R, Pickard J, Suleman Y, North A, McClymont L, Hussain N, Ibrahim I, Ng G, Wong V, Lim A, Harris L, Tharmachandirar T, Mittapalli D, Patel V, Lakhani M, Bazeer H, Narwani V, Sandhu K, Wingfield L, Gentry S, Adjei H, Bhatti M, Braganza L, Barnes J, Mistry S, Chillarge G, Stokes S, Cleere J, Wadanamby S, Bucko A, Meek J, Boxall N, Heywood E, Wiltshire J, Toh C, Ward A, Shurovi B, Horth D, Patel B, Ali B, Spencer T, Axelson T, Kretzmer L, Chhina C, Anandarajah C, Fautz T, Horst C, Thevathasan A, Ng J, Hirst F, Brewer C, Logan A, Lockey J, Forrest P, Keelty N, Wood A, Springford L, Avery P, Schulz T, Bemand T, Howells L, Collier H, Khajuria A, Tharakan R, Parsons S, Buchan A, McGalliard R, Mason J, Cundy O, Li N, Redgrave N, Watson R, Pezas T, Dennis Y, Segall E, Hameed M, Lynch A, Chamberlain M, Peck F, Neo Y, Russell G, Elseedawy M, Lee S, Foster N, Soo Y, Puan L, Dennis R, Goradia H, Qureshi A, Osman S, Reeves T, Dinsmore L, Marsden M, Lu Q, Pitts-Tucker T, Dunn C, Walford R, Heathcote E, Martin R, Pericleous A, Brzyska K, Reid K, Williams M, Wetherall N, McAleer E, Thomas D, Kiff R, Milne S, Holmes M, Bartlett J, Lucas de Carvalho J, Bloomfield T, Tongo F, Bremner R, Yong N, Atraszkiewicz B, Mehdi A, Tahir M, Sherliker G, Tear A, Pandey A, Broyd A, Omer H, Raphael M, Chaudhry W, Shahidi S, Jawad A, Gill C, Fisher IH, Adeleja I, Clark I, Aidoo-Micah G, Stather P, Salam G, Glover T, Deas G, Sim N, Obute R, Wynell-Mayow W, Sait M, Mitha N, de Bernier G, Siddiqui M, Shaunak R, Wali A, Cuthbert G, Bhudia R, Webb E, Shah S, Ansari N, Perera M, Kelly N, McAllister R, Stanley G, Keane C, Shatkar V, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Henderson L, Maple N, Manson R, Adams R, Semple E, Mills M, Daoub A, Marsh A, Ramnarine A, Hartley J, Malaj M, Jewell P, Whatling E, Hitchen N, Chen M, Goh B, Fern J, Rogers S, Derbyshire L, Robertson D, Abuhussein N, Deekonda P, Abid A, Harrison P, Aildasani L, Turley H, Sherif M, Pandey G, Filby J, Johnston A, Burke E, Mohamud M, Gohil K, Tsui A, Singh R, Lim S, O'Sullivan K, McKelvey L, O'Neill S, Roberts H, Brown F, Cao Y, Buckle R, Liew Y, Sii S, Ventre C, Graham C, Filipescu T, Yousif A, Dawar R, Wright A, Peters M, Varley R, Owczarek S, Hartley S, Khattak M, Iqbal A, Ali M, Durrani B, Narang Y, Bethell G, Horne L, Pinto R, Nicholls K, Kisyov I, Torrance H, English W, Lakhani S, Ashraf S, Venn M, Elangovan V, Kazmi Z, Brecher J, Sukumar S, Mastan A, Mortimer A, Parker J, Boyle J, Elkawafi M, Beckett J, Mohite A, Narain A, Mazumdar E, Sreh A, Hague A, Weinberg D, Fletcher L, Steel M, Shufflebotham H, Masood M, Sinha Y, Jenvey C, Kitt H, Slade R, Craig A, Deall C, Reakes T, Chervenkoff J, Strange E, O'Bryan M, Murkin C, Joshi D, Bergara T, Naqib S, Wylam D, Scotcher S, Hewitt C, Stoddart M, Kerai A, Trist A, Cole S, Knight C, Stevens S, Cooper G, Ingham R, Dobson J, O'Kane A, Moradzadeh J, Duffy A, Henderson C, Ashraf S, McLaughin C, Hoskins T, Reehal R, Bookless L, McLean R, Stone E, Wright E, Abdikadir H, Roberts C, Spence O, Srikantharajah M, Ruiz E, Matthews J, Gardner E, Hester E, Naran P, Simpson R, Minhas M, Cornish E, Semnani S, Rojoa D, Radotra A, Eraifej J, Eparh K, Smith D, Mistry B, Hickling S, Din W, Liu C, Mithrakumar P, Mirdavoudi V, Rashid M, Mcgenity C, Hussain O, Kadicheeni M, Gardner H, Anim-Addo N, Pearce J, Aslanyan A, Ntala C, Sorah T, Parkin J, Alizadeh M, White A, Edozie F, Johnston J, Kahar A, Navayogaarajah V, Patel B, Carter D, Khonsari P, Burgess A, Kong C, Ponweera A, Cody A, Tan Y, Ng A, Croall A, Allan C, Ng S, Raghuvir V, Telfer R, Greenhalgh A, McKerr C, Edison M, Patel B, Dear K, Hardy M, Williams P, Hassan S, Sajjad U, O'Neill E, Lopes S, Healy L, Jamal N, Tan S, Lazenby D, Husnoo S, Beecroft S, Sarvanandan T, Weston C, Bassam N, Rabinthiran S, Hayat U, Ng L, Varma D, Sukkari M, Mian A, Omar A, Kim J, Sellathurai J, Mahmood J, O'Connell C, Bose R, Heneghan H, Lalor P, Matheson J, Doherty C, Cullen C, Cooper D, Angelov S, Drislane C, Smith A, Kreibich A, Palkhi E, Durr A, Lotfallah A, Gold D, Mckean E, Dhanji A, Anilkumar A, Thacoor A, Siddiqui Z, Lim S, Piquet A, Anderson S, McCormack D, Gulati J, Ibrahim A, Murray S, Walsh S, McGrath A, Ziprin P, Chua E, Lou C, Bloomer J, Paine H, Osei-Kuffour D, White C, Szczap A, Gokani S, Patel K, Malys M, Reed A, Torlot G, Cumber E, Charania A, Ahmad S, Varma N, Cheema H, Austreng L, Petra H, Chaudhary M, Zegeye M, Cheung F, Coffey D, Heer R, Singh S, Seager E, Cumming S, Suresh R, Verma S, Ptacek I, Gwozdz A, Yang T, Khetarpal A, Shumon S, Fung T, Leung W, Kwang P, Chew L, Loke W, Curran A, Chan C, McGarrigle C, Mohan K, Cullen S, Wong E, Toale C, Collins D, Keane N, Traynor B, Shanahan D, Yan A, Jafree D, Topham C, Mitrasinovic S, Omara S, Bingham G, Lykoudis P, Miranda B, Whitehurst K, Kumaran G, Devabalan Y, Aziz H, Shoa M, Dindyal S, Yates J, Bernstein I, Rattan G, Coulson R, Stezaker S, Isaac A, Salem M, McBride A, McFarlane H, Yow L, MacDonald J, Bartlett R, Turaga S, White U, Liew W, Yim N, Ang A, Simpson A, McAuley D, Craig E, Murphy L, Shepherd P, Kee J, Abdulmajid A, Chung A, Warwick H, Livesey A, Holton P, Theodoreson M, Jenkin S, Turner J, Entwisle J, Marchal S, O'Connor S, Blege H, Aithie J, Sabine L, Stewart G, Jackson S, Kishore A, Lankage C, Acquaah F, Joyce H, McKevitt K, Coffey C, Fawaz A, Dolbec K, O'Sullivan D, Geraghty J, Lim E, Bolton L, FitzPatrick D, Robinson C, Ramtoola T, Collinson S, Grundy L, McEnhill P, Harbhajan Singh G, Loughran D, Golding D, Keeling R, Williams R, Whitham R, Yoganathan S, Nachiappan R, Egan R, Owasil R, Kwan M, He A, Goh R, Bhome R, Wilson H, Teoh P, Raji K, Jayakody N, Matthams J, Chong J, Luk C, Greig R, Trail M, Charalambous G, Rocke A, Gardiner N, Bulley F, Warren N, Brennan E, Fergurson P, Wilson R, Whittingham H, Brown E, Khanijau R, Gandhi K, Morris S, Boulton A, Chandan N, Barthorpe A, Maamari R, Sandhu S, McCann M, Higgs L, Balian V, Reeder C, Diaper C, Sale T, Ali H, Archer C, Clarke A, Heskin J, Hurst P, Farmer J, O'Flynn L, Doan L, Shuker B, Stott G, Vithanage N, Hoban K, Nesargikar P, Kennedy H, Grossart C, Tan E, Roy C, Sim P, Leslie K, Sim D, Abul M, Cody N, Tay A, Woon E, Sng S, Mah J, Robson J, Shakweh E, Wing V, Mills H, Li M, Barrow T, Balaji S, Jordan H, Phillips C, Naveed H, Hirani S, Tai A, Ratnakumaran R, Sahathevan A, Shafi A, Seedat M, Weaver R, Batho A, Punj R, Selvachandran H, Bhatt N, Botchey S, Khonat Z, Brennan K, Morrison C, Devlin E, Linton A, Galloway E, McGarvie S, Ramsay N, McRobbie H, Whewell H, Dean W, Nelaj S, Eragat M, Mishra A, Kane T, Zuhair M, Wells M, Wilkinson D, Woodcock N, Sun E, Aziz N, Ghaffar MKA. Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:42-50. [PMID: 30579405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery. METHODS This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy. RESULTS Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51-19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43-3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8-51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI. CONCLUSIONS After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies.
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Liveringhouse C, Ahmed K, Purcell J, Mills M, Grass G, Robinson T, Torres-Roca J, Diaz R. Biologic Subtypes of Primary Breast Tumors Exhibit Differences in the Radiosensitivity Index. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liveringhouse C, Ahmed K, Purcell J, Mills M, Grass G, Orman A, Torres-Roca J, Diaz R. EP-2302: Differences in the Radiosensitivty Index (RSI) Between Metastatic and Primary Breast Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Befriending schemes to support families with young children are now widespread in the United Kingdom. One such scheme, Newpin, which aims to prevent child abuse is described. Evaluation compared those recruited to befriend as well as those befriended. Assessments at baseline and 6 months' follow-up comprised interviews with mothers, developmental assessments of the children and observation of mother–child interaction using video tapes. All assessments were conducted in the home and similar measures were applied to a control sample in an area where a Newpin scheme was planned. Newpin recruits, whether befrienders or befriended had high rates of adverse early experiences, but depression was more common amongst those referred for befriending. Approximately a third did not sustain involvement in the scheme, but those that did were more likely to have had training as volunteers and mental health problems of more than 2 years' duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Cox
- Bloomfield Clinic, Guy's Hospital, London
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19
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Mills M, Choi J, El-Haddad G, Sweeney J, Biebel B, Robinson L, Antonia S, Kumar A, Kis B. Retrospective analysis of technical success rate and procedure-related complications of 867 percutaneous CT-guided needle biopsies of lung lesions. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:1038-1046. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Mills M, Yang G, Ahmed K, Khakpour N, Orman A, Diaz R. Trends of Radiation Therapy in Metaplastic Breast Cancer—A National Cancer Database Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Yang G, Mills M, Ahmed K, Laronga C, Orman A, Diaz R. Characteristics of Radiation Therapy for Medullary Carcinoma of the Breast in the National Cancer Database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Tierney KB, Welsh PO, Mills M, Nason S, Barreda DR, Paszkowski CA. Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and wastewater ponds, Part II: Developmental, physiological, morphological and behavioural effects of ingestion of secondary clarified effluent water. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 143:336-343. [PMID: 28434758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rather than migrating, mallard ducks may choose to overwinter in northern cities on open-water thermal refuges, such as municipal wastewater treatment ponds, which in Edmonton, Canada, stay ≥10°C during frigid winter months. Refuging mallards spend appreciable time daily on these ponds and hydrate using secondary clarified municipal wastewater (SCEW). We aimed to determine if SCEW ingestion affected mallard health. To this end, we gavaged newly hatched mallards (domesticated Pekin strain) over their first month with SCEW, as well as water representing negative and positive controls (municipal tap water, and the primary active ingredient from birth control pills, 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), respectively). The gavage of SCEW did not affect mass of the body, liver, spleen or heart, but was associated with small increases in beak and wing chord length. In the positive control, EE2 gavage caused similar responses, but also increased tarsus and phallus length. The increases likely owed to the stimulatory effects of estrogenic substances on bone and phallus development. For the biotransformation enzyme CYP2H1, gene expression was numerically increased by both SCEW and EE2. In terms of behavior, SCEW and EE2 gavage reduced two infrequently detected behaviours, pecking and resting alone. Our results suggest that SCEW ingestion would be unlikely to cause any overt health effects in adults, but may evoke subtle, covert effects nevertheless.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Tierney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9.
| | - P O Welsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - M Mills
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - S Nason
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - D R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - C A Paszkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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23
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Coish P, Brooks BW, Gallagher EP, Mills M, Kavanagh TJ, Simcox N, Lasker GA, Botta D, Schmuck SC, Voutchkova-Kostal A, Kostal J, Mullins ML, Nesmith SM, Mellor KE, Corrales J, Kristofco LA, Saari GN, Steele B, Shen LQ, Melnikov F, Zimmerman JB, Anastas PT. The Molecular Design Research Network. Toxicol Sci 2017; 161:241-248. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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24
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Rollins AW, Thornberry TD, Watts LA, Yu P, Rosenlof KH, Mills M, Baumann E, Giorgetta FR, Bui TV, Höpfner M, Walker KA, Boone C, Bernath PF, Colarco PR, Newman PA, Fahey DW, Gao RS. The Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Stratospheric Aerosol Formation Evaluated Using In-Situ Measurements in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere. Geophys Res Lett 2017; 44:4280-4286. [PMID: 29225384 PMCID: PMC5719884 DOI: 10.1002/2017gl072754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric aerosols (SAs) are a variable component of the Earth's albedo that may be intentionally enhanced in the future to offset greenhouse gases (geoengineering). The role of tropospheric-sourced sulfur dioxide (SO2) in maintaining background SAs has been debated for decades without in-situ measurements of SO2 at the tropical tropopause to inform this issue. Here we clarify the role of SO2 in maintaining SAs by using new in-situ SO2 measurements to evaluate climate models and satellite retrievals. We then use the observed tropical tropopause SO2 mixing ratios to estimate the global flux of SO2 across the tropical tropopause. These analyses show that the tropopause background SO2 is about 5 times smaller than reported by the average satellite observations that have been used recently to test atmospheric models. This shifts the view of SO2 as a dominant source of SAs to a near-negligible one, possibly revealing a significant gap in the SA budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Rollins
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T D Thornberry
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L A Watts
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Yu
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - K H Rosenlof
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Mills
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - E Baumann
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - F R Giorgetta
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T V Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - M Höpfner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K A Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - C Boone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - P F Bernath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - P R Colarco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Corresponding author: Andrew Rollins
| | - P A Newman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA Corresponding author: Andrew Rollins
| | - D W Fahey
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R S Gao
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
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25
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Hollander S, Peng D, Mills M, Berry G, Pedrigo M, Chen S, Tyan D, Bernstein D, Rosenthal D. Avoidance of a C1q Positive Crossmatch Prevents Both Early and Late Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Alsaggar M, Mills M, Liu D. Interferon beta overexpression attenuates adipose tissue inflammation and high-fat diet-induced obesity and maintains glucose homeostasis. Gene Ther 2016; 24:60-66. [PMID: 27858942 PMCID: PMC5757862 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing, raising health concerns regarding obesity-related complications. Chronic inflammation has been characterized as a major contributor to the development of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The purpose of the current study is to assess whether overexpression of interferon beta (IFNβ1), an immune-modulating cytokine, will attenuate high fat diet-induced adipose inflammation and protect animals against obesity development. Using hydrodynamic gene transfer to elevate and sustain blood concentration of IFNβ1 in mice fed a high fat diet, we showed that overexpression of Ifnβ1 gene markedly suppressed immune cell infiltration into adipose tissue, and attenuated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Systemically, IFNβ1 blocked adipose tissue expansion and body weight gain, independent of food intake. Possible browning of white adipose tissue might also contribute to blockade of weight gain. More importantly, IFNβ1 improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. These results suggest that targeting inflammation represents a practical strategy to block the development of obesity and its related pathologies. In addition, IFNβ1-based therapies have promising potential for clinical applications for the prevention and treatment of various inflammation-driven pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alsaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M Mills
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
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27
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Corrales J, Kristofco LA, Steele WB, Saari GN, Kostal J, Williams ES, Mills M, Gallagher EP, Kavanagh TJ, Simcox N, Shen LQ, Melnikov F, Zimmerman JB, Voutchkova-Kostal AM, Anastas PT, Brooks BW. Toward the Design of Less Hazardous Chemicals: Exploring Comparative Oxidative Stress in Two Common Animal Models. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:893-904. [PMID: 27750016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable molecular design of less hazardous chemicals presents a potentially transformative approach to protect public health and the environment. Relationships between molecular descriptors and toxicity thresholds previously identified the octanol-water distribution coefficient, log D, and the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, ΔE, as two useful properties in the identification of reduced aquatic toxicity. To determine whether these two property-based guidelines are applicable to sublethal oxidative stress (OS) responses, two common aquatic in vivo models, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), were employed to examine traditional biochemical biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and total glutathione) and antioxidant gene activation following exposure to eight structurally diverse industrial chemicals (bisphenol A, cumene hydroperoxide, dinoseb, hydroquinone, indene, perfluorooctanoic acid, R-(-)-carvone, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide). Bisphenol A, cumene hydroperoxide, dinoseb, and hydroquinone were consistent inducers of OS. Glutathione was the most consistently affected biomarker, suggesting its utility as a sensitivity response to support the design of less hazardous chemicals. Antioxidant gene expression (changes in nrf2, gclc, gst, and sod) was most significantly (p < 0.05) altered by R-(-)-carvone, cumene hydroperoxide, and bisphenol A. Results from the present study indicate that metabolism of parent chemicals and the role of their metabolites in molecular initiating events should be considered during the design of less hazardous chemicals. Current empirical and computational findings identify the need for future derivation of sustainable molecular design guidelines for electrophilic reactive chemicals (e.g., SN2 nucleophilic substitution and Michael addition reactivity) to reduce OS related adverse outcomes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Corrales
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Lauren A Kristofco
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - W Baylor Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Gavin N Saari
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jakub Kostal
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University , Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - E Spencer Williams
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Margaret Mills
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Evan P Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nancy Simcox
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Longzhu Q Shen
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fjodor Melnikov
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Julie B Zimmerman
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | | | - Paul T Anastas
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Bryan W Brooks
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University , Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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28
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Grass G, Peacock J, Latifi K, Zhang G, Mills M, Garcia G, Harrison L, Kim S. Spatial Patterns of Local Failure Following Chemotherapy in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Volume Reduction From Involved Site/Nodal Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Emami M, Barlow M, Leitch J, Wilsmore B, Mills M, Cambourn M, Meakes S, Davies A, Attia J, Boyle A, Jackson N. Body Mass Index and Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Predicts Vascular Access Complications in Electrophysiology Procedures. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Hollander S, Almond C, McDonald N, Mills M, Peng D, Kaufman B, Chen S, Rosenthal D. Rehospitalization Following Pediatric Heart Transplant: Frequency, Indications, and Outcomes. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Kis B, Mills M, Hoffe S. Transradial access for hepatic radioembolization: the Moffitt experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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32
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Pollack C, Gruenenfelder F, Eikelboom J, Hylek E, Mills M, Huisman M, Levy J, Reilly P, Kreuzer J, Weitz J. 4 Initial Experience With Idarucizumab in Dabigatran-Treated Patients Presenting With Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: Interim Results from the RE-VERSE AD Study. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Pollack C, Gruenenfelder F, Eikelboom J, Hylek E, Mills M, Sellke F, Kamphuisen P, Reilly P, Kreuzer J, Weitz J. 262 Initial Experience With Idarucizumab in Dabigatran-Treated Patients Presenting With Acute Traumatic Injuries: Interim Results From the RE-VERSE AD Study. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Mills M. MO-B-304-01: JACMP: An Innovation in Medical Physics Publishing. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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35
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Mills M. MO-DE-304-01: The Abt Study of Medical Physicist Work Values for Radiation Oncology Physics Services: Round IV. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Lechner AM, Raymond CM, Adams VM, Polyakov M, Gordon A, Rhodes JR, Mills M, Stein A, Ives CD, Lefroy EC. Characterizing spatial uncertainty when integrating social data in conservation planning. Conserv Biol 2014; 28:1497-1511. [PMID: 25382071 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent conservation planning studies have presented approaches for integrating spatially referenced social (SRS) data with a view to improving the feasibility of conservation action. We reviewed the growing conservation literature on SRS data, focusing on elicited or stated preferences derived through social survey methods such as choice experiments and public participation geographic information systems. Elicited SRS data includes the spatial distribution of willingness to sell, willingness to pay, willingness to act, and assessments of social and cultural values. We developed a typology for assessing elicited SRS data uncertainty which describes how social survey uncertainty propagates when projected spatially and the importance of accounting for spatial uncertainty such as scale effects and data quality. These uncertainties will propagate when elicited SRS data is integrated with biophysical data for conservation planning and may have important consequences for assessing the feasibility of conservation actions. To explore this issue further, we conducted a systematic review of the elicited SRS data literature. We found that social survey uncertainty was commonly tested for, but that these uncertainties were ignored when projected spatially. Based on these results we developed a framework which will help researchers and practitioners estimate social survey uncertainty and use these quantitative estimates to systematically address uncertainty within an analysis. This is important when using SRS data in conservation applications because decisions need to be made irrespective of data quality and well characterized uncertainty can be incorporated into decision theoretic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lechner
- The Centre for Environment, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 141, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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Grubaugh J, Mills M, Bahle B, Dalmaijer E, Van der Stigchel S, Dodd M. Changing how you search alters the influence of memory on attentional allocation and eye movements. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Dodd M, Mills M, Dalmaijer E, Van der Stigchel S. The influence of task set and task switching on visual behavior. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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39
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Mills M, Dalmaijer E, Van der Stigchel S, Dodd MD. Influence of task switching on inhibition of return and scan paths. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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40
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Wilson D, Mills M, Wang B. TH-C-19A-09: Quantification of Transmission and Backscatter Factors as a function of Distance to Inhomogeneity Interface for Three Types of Surgical Implant Plates. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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41
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Williamson J, Mills M, Klein E, Pawlicki T. TU-B-16A-01: To Which Journal Should I Submit My Paper. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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42
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Santin O, Treanor C, Mills M, Donnelly M. The health status and health service needs of primary caregivers of cancer survivors: a mixed methods approach. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2013; 23:333-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Santin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - C. Treanor
- Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science; Institute of Clinical Sciences B; Royal Victoria Hospital; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - M. Mills
- Cancer Services; Antrim Area Hospital; Northern Health and Social Care Trust; Antrim UK
| | - M. Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science; Institute of Clinical Sciences B; Royal Victoria Hospital; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
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Butt N, Beyer HL, Bennett JR, Biggs D, Maggini R, Mills M, Renwick AR, Seabrook LM, Possingham HP. Biodiversity Risks from Fossil Fuel Extraction. Science 2013; 342:425-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1237261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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44
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Mills M, Dodd M. Visual task-switching: No cost for switching to search. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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45
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Dodd M, Mills M, McDonnell G. I still haven't found what you're looking for: Searching for myself and then searching for you too. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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46
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McDonnell G, Mills M, McCuller L, Dodd M. How does implicit learning of search regularities alter the manner in which you search? J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Keyes R, Hendee W, Kahn M, Mills M. WE-D-137-01: Open Access Publishing and Medical Physics. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Magris RA, Mills M, Fuentes MMPB, Pressey RL. Analysis of Progress Towards a Comprehensive System of Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4322/natcon.2013.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mills M, Nickoloff E. TU-F-213AB-01: Diagnostic Workforce and Manpower Survey. Med Phys 2012; 39:3917. [PMID: 28518666 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Since AAPM Report No. 33 on Diagnostic Radiology Physics staffing is more than 20 years old, the Diagnostic Work and Workforce Study Subcommittee (DWWSS) of the Professional Council was formed to conduct a new study and update the data. The intent of the DWWSS study has two goals. First, it wanted to assess the number of FTE diagnostic physicists needed to support the QC, acceptance tests, radiation safety and other clinical functions for various imaging modalities, such as: CT scanners, MRI units, angiography rooms, ultrasound units, nuclear medicine imagers and other equipment. For example, the preliminary results indicate that the median annual physics support for one CT scanner is 0.007 FTE or 12.6 hours per unit. Second, the study wanted to provide an estimate of the cost of these physics services in terms of a fraction of a dollar per patient examination performed. For example, the cost for physics support of CT would be $0.27 for each CT procedure. This information would be similar to the Abt study conducted in Radiation Oncology. Radiation therapy physicists have utilized the Abt studies to generate re-imbursement for physics services and to justify financially the cost of their work efforts. Appropriate recognition for physics efforts in Diagnostic Radiology has never been properly quantified nor appreciated. With all the current and future changes occurring in healthcare, the information from the DWWSS survey could be important to the future of diagnostic physicists. Although diagnostic physicists are involved with many other activities such as teaching of residents and research, information about the clinical equipment support effort could be used to assess diagnostic physics staffing needs. The goals of the DWWSS study and the preliminary findings will be presented. OBJECTIVE 1. Present the goals of the DWWSS Diagnostic Physicist Survey.2. Present potential benefits to the AAPM members from this survey.3. Present findings from the preliminary analysis of the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mills
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY.,Columbia Univ, New York, NY
| | - E Nickoloff
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY.,Columbia Univ, New York, NY
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Mills M, Woodward M. TU-G-211-01: New Member Symposium. Med Phys 2012; 39:3917-3918. [PMID: 28518684 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new member of the AAPM, it's easy to feel overwhelmed by the size and complexity of the association and to be unaware of the benefits and opportunities available to members. At this year's AAPM national meeting in Charlotte, we will host a New Member Symposium, where you can learn more about the organization, member resources, opportunities to get involved, and about topics of particular interest to new professionals. We encourage you to take advantage of this great opportunity to learn valuable information and to grow your professional network. Following an introduction from Dr. Gary A. Ezzell, the AAPM President; Michael Woodward of the AAPM staff will provide a crash course on the AAPM structure and organization, as well as some pointers on navigating the website. Next will be Dr. Michael Mills presenting on the current state of the U.S. Medical Physics Workforce, Staffing, Supply & Demand, and Limited Residency slots. Registered attendees will receive a raffle ticket for entry in a drawing to win a complimentary registration for the 2013 Annual Meeting in Indianapolis. In addition, all new members who register for the Symposium will receive a drink ticket good for one complimentary beer served after the New Member Symposium during the social with committee chairs from 4 AAPM Councils: Science, Education, Professional, and Administrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mills
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY.,AAPM, College Park, MD
| | - M Woodward
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY.,AAPM, College Park, MD
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