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Enya Y, Hiramatsu H, Ihira M, Suzuki R, Higashimoto Y, Funato Y, Kozawa K, Miura H, Miyata M, Kawamura Y, Ishihara T, Taniguchi K, Komoto S, Yoshikawa T. Similarities in rotavirus vaccine viral shedding and immune responses in pairs of twins. Fujita Med J 2023; 9:253-258. [PMID: 37554946 PMCID: PMC10405898 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intestinal rotavirus (RV) vaccine replication and host immune response are suggested to be affected by several factors, including maternal antibodies, breastfeeding history, and gut microbiome, which are thought to be similar in pairs of twins. The aim of this study was to determine whether viral shedding from the fecal RV vaccine strain Rotarix® (RV1) and IgG and IgA responses to RV show similarity in pairs of twins. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction specific to RV vaccine strain RV1 was used to monitor fecal RV1 viral shedding. RV IgG and IgA titers were measured using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fecal RV1 viral shedding and immune responses were compared between twins and singletons with mixed effects and fixed effects models. RESULTS A total of 347 stool and 54 blood samples were collected from four pairs of twins and twelve singletons during the observation period. Although the kinetics of fecal RV1 viral shedding and immune responses differed among vaccinated individuals, they appeared to be similar within twin pairs. RV shedding after the first dose (P=0.049) and RV IgG titers during the entire observation period (P=0.015) had a significantly better fit in the fixed effect model that assumed that twins have the same response versus the model that assumed that twins have a different response. CONCLUSIONS The similarity of RV vaccine viral replication in intestine and host immune responses in twin pairs was demonstrated using statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Enya
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Funato
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kozawa K, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Miura H, Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Matsunaga M, Ota A, Yoshikawa T. Changes in trends of pediatric β- and γ-herpesvirus infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-center observational study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28925. [PMID: 37409636 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control COVID-19 have decreased the incidence of many pediatric infectious diseases. The epidemiology of β- and γ-herpesvirus infections might have been affected by NPIs. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes in trends in β- and γ-herpesvirus infections and complex febrile seizures (cFS) of viral etiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between April 2017 and March 2021, febrile children aged ≤5 years were enrolled. Detection of EBV, CMV, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 DNA in serum was performed using real-time PCR. The epidemiology of viral infections and cFS were compared between the prepandemic and pandemic periods. During the observation period, 1432 serum samples were collected. The mean number of febrile children decreased during the pandemic period, but the number of patients with HHV-6B infection increased from 35 (9.3% of all febrile children) per year before the pandemic to 43 (15.5%) during the pandemic. The change in the proportion of patients with primary HHV-6B infection was 6.50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05%-11.3%; p = 0.0047). The mean number of patients with cFS decreased during the pandemic period, but the number of patients with HHV-6B-associated cFS was stable throughout the observation period. Therefore, the change in proportion of patients with cFS caused by primary HHV-6B infection was 49.5% (95% CI, 12.2%-60.5%; p = 0.0048). The disease burden of primary HHV-6B infection among patients in the emergency room remained unchanged, with a significant increase in the relative proportion after the COVID-19 pandemic began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Kawamura Y, Inaba M, Shirato K, Suzuki T, Hasegawa H, Kageyama T, Doi Y, Hata T, Yoshikawa T. Dry loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical specimens. Fujita Med J 2023; 9:84-89. [PMID: 37234399 PMCID: PMC10206895 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To establish a point-of-care test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we developed a dry loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. Methods We carried out reverse transcription (RT)-LAMP using the Loopamp SARS-CoV-2 Detection kit (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan). The entire mixture, except for the primers, is dried and immobilized inside the tube lid. Results To determine the specificity of the kit, 22 viruses associated with respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2, were tested. The sensitivity of this assay, determined by either a real-time turbidity assay or colorimetric change of the reaction mixture, as evaluated by the naked eye or under illumination with ultraviolet light, was 10 copies/reaction. No LAMP product was detected in reactions performed with RNA from any pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2. After completing an initial validation analysis, we analyzed 24 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from patients suspected to have COVID-19. Of the 24 samples, 19 (79.2%) were determined by real-time RT-PCR analysis as being positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Using the Loopamp SARS-CoV-2 Detection kit, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 15 (62.5%) of the 24 samples. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the Loopamp 2019-CoV-2 detection reagent kit were 78.9%, 100%, 100%, and 55.6%, respectively. Conclusions The dry LAMP method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA is fast and easy to use, and its reagents can be stored at 4°C, solving the cold chain problem; thus, it represents a promising tool for COVID-19 diagnosis in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Inaba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shirato
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kageyama
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hata
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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4
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Funato Y, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Sakabe Y, Iwakura M, Ihira M, Shiogama K, Miyata M, Nishizawa H, Sekiya T, Fujii T, Kosugi I, Yoshikawa T. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of human cytomegalovirus infection in the placenta and its association with fetal growth restriction. Fujita Med J 2023; 9:90-94. [PMID: 37234388 PMCID: PMC10206905 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Fetal human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection might be involved in fetal growth restriction (FGR). Maternal serostatus and the prevalence of congenital HCMV infection are affected by various factors, such as socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Therefore, the prevalence of congenital HCMV-related FGR should be examined in each region. Methods Seventy-eight cases of FGR with delivery between January 2012 and January 2017 at Fujita Health University Hospital were studied. Twenty-one non-FGR cases were also included as a control group. Placental sections obtained from the FGR and control cases were immunostained with two primary antibodies for detecting immediate early antigens. Results Nineteen placental samples from FGR cases with another etiology were excluded. Finally, 59 placental samples from FGR cases of unknown etiology were included in the pathological analysis. Four of 59 (6.8%) placental samples were positive for HCMV antigen. All four positive cases were stained with the M0854 antibody, and there were no positive case with the MAB810R antibody. Neither maternal nor infantile clinical features were different between the HCMV-positive and -negative FGR cases. A pathological examination showed a hematoma in three of four cases and infarction in two of four cases. Conclusions HCMV antigen was detected in 6.8% of placental samples obtained from FGR cases without an obvious etiology. No remarkable maternal or neonatal clinical features discriminated HCMV-related FGR from FGR due to other causes. Vasculitis and inflammation might play important roles in the pathogenesis of HCMV-related FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Funato
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sakabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minori Iwakura
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Faculty of Pathology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Sekiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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5
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Higashimoto Y, Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Hamano A, Kato M, Kato S, Hosokawa A, Enya Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Analysis of the reliability of rapid diagnostic tests for varicella, including breakthrough cases. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28569. [PMID: 36762573 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the era of universal varicella vaccination, diagnosis of varicella is challenging, especially for breakthrough cases. We sought to clarify the reliability of direct varicella-zoster virus (VZV) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and DermaQuick® VZV using the immunochromatography technique as rapid diagnostic tests for varicella. In addition, the usefulness of saliva as a sample type for direct LAMP was investigated. Among the 46 enrolled patients with suspected VZV infection, 31 patients (67.3%) were positive for the nucleic acid test based on real-time PCR from skin swab samples. Direct LAMP of skin swabs was positive in 29 (63.0%) of 46 patients. DermaQuick® VZV was positive in 25 (54.3%) of 46 patients. VZV DNA was detected in only 48.4% of oral swabs with the direct LAMP method. With real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the standard for diagnosing varicella, the sensitivity and specificity of DermaQuick® VZV were 80.7% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of direct LAMP from skin swabs were 93.6% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR for DNA extracted from oral swabs were 74.2% and 93.3%, respectively. Thus, oral swab samples are not suitable for breakthrough varicella diagnosis. Although DermaQuick® VZV is considered the most convenient point-of-care test for varicella, its sensitivity and specificity were lower than those of direct VZV LAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aoi Hamano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Asuka Hosokawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Enya
- Department of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Department of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kozawa K, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Negishi T, Hattori F, Ihira M, Komoto S, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. Rotavirus genotypes and clinical outcome of natural infection based on vaccination status in the post-vaccine era. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2037983. [PMID: 35240934 PMCID: PMC9009920 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2037983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. In Japan, Rotarix (RV1; GlaxoSmithKline), which is a monovalent vaccine derived from human RV (G1P[8]), has been introduced since November 2011, and RotaTeq (RV5; MSD) which is an pentavalent, human-bovine mono-reassortant vaccine (G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A[8]), has been introduced since July 2012. Long-term follow-up on vaccine efficacy and RV genotypical change should be carried out in order to control RV infection. The RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) outbreak occurred during the 2018/2019 season in Aichi prefecture, Japan. Therefore, the molecular epidemiology of RV among three different groups of RVGE, which were outpatients who received RV1, those who received RV5, and those without vaccination, was explored. Clinical features of RVGE patients were compared among the three patient groups. Children less than 15 years of age with gastroenteritis who visited any of seven pediatric practices between January and June 2019 were enrolled in the study. G, P, and E genotypes were determined by direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products amplified from stool samples. Among 110 patients, there were 27, 28, and 55 in the RV1-vaccinated, RV5-vaccinated, and unvaccinated groups, respectively. The most frequent genotype was G8P[8] (92/110 patients, 83.6%). Genotype distributions did not significantly differ among the three patient groups (P = .125). Mean Vesikari score was significantly lower among RV1-vaccinated (7.1) and RV5-vaccinated patients (6.4) than among unvaccinated patients (10.2) (P < .001). Even in RVGE patients treated in an outpatient clinic, RV vaccine reduced the severity of the disease in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takumi Negishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Higashimoto Y, Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Enya Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. 372. Analysis of the reliability of rapid diagnostic tests for varicella patients, including breakthrough cases. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the era of universal varicella vaccination, diagnosis of varicella is challenging, especially for breakthrough cases. We sought to clarify the reliability of direct varicella-zoster virus (VZV) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and DermaQuick® VZV using the immunochromatography technique as rapid diagnostic tests for varicella. In addition, the usefulness of saliva as a sample type for direct LAMP was also investigated.
Methods
Between April 2019 and January 2021, 46 patients suspected VZV infection were enrolled in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participants. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Fujita Health University (No. 15–247). Samples were collected from skin eruptions using two different swabs. one swab which was soaked in 1 mL of isotonic saline was used for direct VZV LAMP and the other swab which was immersed in 500 µL of DermaQuick® VZV reaction buffer was used for DermaQuick® VZV. The isotonic saline solution used to wash the oral swab sample was used for direct VZV LAMP. The DNA extracted from the solutions were used for real-time PCR analysis.
Results
Thirty one patients (67.3%) were diagnosed with varicella based on real-time PCR of skin swabs. Direct LAMP of skin swabs was positive in 29 (63.0%) of 46 patients. DermaQuick® VZV was positive in 25 (54.3%) of 46 patients. The sensitivity for direct LAMP of skin swabs, DermaQuick® VZV, direct LAMP of oral swabs, and real-time PCR of oral swabs was 93.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.3–98.9%), 80.7% (95% CI, 63.7–90.8%), 48.3% (95% CI, 32.0–65.1%), and 74.2% (95% CI, 56.8–86.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR for DNA extracted from oral swabs was 74.2% (95% CI, 56.8–86.3%) and 93.3% (95% CI, 79.8–99.7%), respectively.
Conclusion
Although DermaQuick® VZV is the most convenient point-of-care test for varicella, the sensitivity and specificity of this method were slightly lower than those of direct VZV LAMP.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Fujita Health University school of Medical Sciences , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center , Okazaki, Aichi , Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Yasuko Enya
- Fujita Health University , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
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Kawamura Y, Komoto S, Fukuda S, Kugita M, Tang S, Pieknik J, Enya Y, Ihira M, Nagao S, Krause P, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. 2136. Development of Recombinant Rotavirus Vaccine Carrying Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Gene Based on Reverse Genetics Technology. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can cause genital herpes, which reduces the patient's QOL associated with pain. In addition, genital herpes can increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Vaccine development has been attempted for many years, but it has not yet been put into practical use. Meanwhile, rotavirus (RV) is one of the major viral causes of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Currently, two live attenuated vaccines are widely used to prevent severe RV infection in children. We have developed entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics systems of RV, which allowed the generation of recombinant reassortant RV containing a foreign gene.
In this study, we sought to develop simian RV (SA11), in which HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2) gene was inserted by reverse genetics system, as a herpes vaccine, and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice.
Construction of HSV-2 protein expressing rotavirus as a vaccine inducing mucosal immunity
Methods
Artificially synthesized gD2 DNA fragment was inserted into T7 expression NSP1 plasmids (pT7/NSP1-gD2). Using the plasmid, recombinant SA11-gD2 virus (rSA11-gD2) was generated. gD2 protein expression in infected MA104 cells was verified by Western blotting. rSA11-gD2 was orally inoculated into BALB/c suckling mice twice two weeks apart and into eight-week-old mice three times apart four weeks. Diarrhea score was evaluated for seven days after first inoculation in suckling mice. Serum IgG and IgA titers against RV and gD2 were measured by ELISA.
Results
Insertion of the gD2 gene and synthesis of gD2 protein were demonstrated by sequence analysis and Wester blotting analysis, respectively. Diarrhea occurred after the first inoculation of rSA11-gD2 in suckling mice. Although IgG and IgA antibodies against RV were induced, gD2 antibody was not detected in convalescent sera in the suckling mice. Meanwhile, in the eight-week-old mice inoculated with three times of rSA11-gD2, significant increases in not only IgG and IgA against RV but also IgG against gD2 were demonstrated.
Conclusion
Simian RV containing gD2 gene, which was developed by the reverse genetics, induced IgG antibody against gD2 in orally inoculated mice. This strategy can be used to develop genital herpes vaccine.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center , Okazaki, Aichi , Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Saori Fukuda
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Masanori Kugita
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Shuang Tang
- Food and drug administration , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Yasuko Enya
- Fujita Health University , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | | | - Koki Taniguchi
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
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Higashimoto Y, Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Ihira M, Hiramatsu H, Suzuki R, Haga K, Takai-Todaka R, Sawada A, Katayama K, Yoshikawa T. Correlation between anti-S IgG and neutralizing antibody titers against three live SARS-CoV-2 variants in BNT162b2 vaccine recipients. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2105611. [PMID: 36094467 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed serially collected serum samples from healthy adults who underwent BNT162b2 vaccination to elucidate the association between spike (S)-IgG antibody titers determined by ELISA using the WHO international standard (NIBSC code 20/136) and neutralizing antibody titers against three live SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study included 53 health care workers who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. S-IgG and nucleocapsid (N)-IgG antibody titers were measured by ELISA. Neutralizing (NT) antibody responses against three variants (Wuhan D614 G: KUH003, Alpha, and Delta) were evaluated before and after the first and second vaccination. N-IgG were not detected in any serum samples. S-IgG antibody titers remarkably increased after two BNT162b2 vaccine doses in all participants. S-IgG antibody titers were strongly correlated with NT titers against three variants of live viruses: KUH003 (r = 0.86), Alpha (r = 0.72), and Delta (r = 0.84). Serum samples from participants after one dose of BNT162b2 neutralized Alpha efficiently (median titer, 113.0), but median NT titers against KUH003 and Delta variants were lower, 57.0 and 28.0, respectively (p < .01). Two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine elicited a strong immune response in this study. The second dose was required for induction of a strong booster effect. Serum collected from BNT162b2 vaccine recipients contained significantly lower neutralizing activity against Delta than that of against KUH003 (p < .0001) and Alpha (p < .0001). If a new variant emerges, live virus-based NT titers should be examined in serum obtained from vaccine recipients to evaluate vaccine efficacy for protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Takai-Todaka
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Sawada
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Unremarkable antibody responses against various infectious agents after inoculation with the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4583-4585. [PMID: 35641431 PMCID: PMC9347795 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
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11
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Suzuki N, Ihira M, Enya Y, Yumi T, Izuru C, Rie I, Higashimoto Y, Hiroki M, Asaki T, Kaoru F, Kawamura Y, Yoshikawa T. Dynamics of salivary human herpesvirus-6 and -7 shedding in pregnant women. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3359-3367. [PMID: 35243652 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactivation of Betaherpesvirinae (Human herpesvirus 6A: HHV-6A, -6B, HHV-7) may be associated with mental illness and host fatigue. This study aimed to determine whether viral reactivation, measured by monitoring salivary viral DNA load, can be used to monitor depression in pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS Saliva samples were collected from 64 pregnant women at five-point of observation periods. The HHV-6 and HHV-7 specific qPCRs were carried out to measure viral DNA load. When HHV-6 DNA was detected in saliva, nested PCR was used to discriminate between HHV-6A and B. RESULTS In both viruses, a significant correlation was observed between detection frequency and viral DNA load in saliva. In the low-shedding group, HHV-6 DNA was significantly higher in the third trimester (P<0.0001), the time of delivery (P=0.0003), one month after birth (P=0.0023) compared to the first trimester, and HHV-7 was at the time of delivery (P=0.0277) and one month after birth (P=0.0235). Most of detected HHV-6 DNAs in saliva were HHV-6B. Both viral DNA loads were significantly lower (HHV-6:P=0.0101, HHV-7:P=0.0044) in the subjects with abnormal EPDS scores. CONCLUSIONS Detection rate and viral DNA load of both viruses in saliva increased after the third trimester. Salivary virus DNA shedding was significantly lower in subjects with an abnormal EPDS score. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Enya
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Igarashi Rie
- Seibo international Catholic hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miura Hiroki
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takanashi Asaki
- Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujimoto Kaoru
- Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bumkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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12
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Miura H, Taniguchi K, Narita K, Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Muramatsu H, Takahashi Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Nosocomial infection with rotavirus vaccine strain in paediatric patients with immunodeficiency. J Hosp Infect 2021; 121:9-13. [PMID: 34915052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In infants with immunodeficiency, rotavirus (RV) vaccines can be continuously excreted in stool. We analysed nosocomial infection with RV vaccine strain in immunodeficient paediatric patients. RV1 RNAs were detected in stool and serum samples from case A, who was vaccinated with RV1, and case B, who was not. PAGE analysis of serial stool samples of case A revealed several rearrangements of the RV genome. In case B, the only band pattern detected was the same as a rearrangement detected in case A at the same time. In summary, RV vaccination of infants with immunodeficiency poses a risk of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, California.
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Kotaro Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
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13
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Miura H, Ihira M, Kozawa K, Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Hattori F, Yoshikawa T. Effect of Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on HHV-6 and HHV-7 Shedding in Saliva: A Prospective Observational Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081683. [PMID: 34442762 PMCID: PMC8401688 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HHV-6 and HHV-7 can reactivate in the salivary gland in response to various host stresses. Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) can activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and decrease viral infection. We investigated whether LC-Plasma intake could decrease HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation in the salivary gland. A total of 54 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Participants took LC-Plasma granules daily for 6 weeks. Saliva samples were collected from subjects weekly for 4 weeks before (first), during (second), and after (third period) LC-Plasma intake. There was a 2-week interval between the first and second periods and a 3-week interval between the second and third periods. Mean salivary HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA loads were compared among the three observation periods. In the first period (baseline data of viral DNA shedding), HHV-6 DNA shedding was significantly higher in subjects under 40 years old, and HHV-7 DNA shedding was significantly higher in males. HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA loads did not significantly differ between periods. Meanwhile, in a subgroup analysis of the subjects under 40 years old, HHV-6 DNA load was significantly lower in the second period than in the first period. LC-Plasma decreases HHV-6 reactivation in the salivary glands in younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-9251
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
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14
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Miura H, Ohye T, Kozawa K, Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Ihira M, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Coinfection With Human Herpesvirus (HHV)-6B in Immunocompetent, Healthy Individuals With Chromosomally Integrated HHV-6A. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:175-178. [PMID: 31972018 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunocompetent sisters with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) transiently excreted HHV-6B genome in their saliva. They did not have past histories of exanthema subitum but had antibodies against HHV-6A and HHV-6B. This suggests that endogenous HHV-6A may modify the clinical features of HHV-6B coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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15
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Hattori F, Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Yoshikawa A, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Trend in varicella patients 4 years after implementation of universal two-dose varicella vaccination in Japan. Vaccine 2020; 38:7331-7336. [PMID: 33008671 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the trend and clinical spectrum of virologically diagnosed varicella patients after implementation of universal vaccination as a national immunization program in Japan. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study subjects were patients suspected of varicella, less than 15 years of age, who visited 14 pediatric clinics in the Nagoya VZV Study Group from September 2015 to August 2019. Practitioners collected patient samples and information such as backgrounds, clinical symptoms, and previous immunization status. All patients were confirmed as having varicella based on molecular diagnostic assays. RESULTS Varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected in swab samples from 506 (83.1%) of the 609 suspected patients. The 455 varicella patients for whom vaccination status was available were divided into two groups: 180 universal vaccination targets and 275 non-targets. Numbers of monthly varicella patients decreased gradually during the observation period. In the 2016/17 season, the seasonal epidemic of varicella became undetectable in the universal vaccination target group, and starting in the 2017/18 season, it was obscured even in the non-target group. The median age of patients was significantly lower in the universal vaccination target group (3 years) than the non-target group (7 years) (P < 0.001). Vaccination status differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.001). Most varicella patients were in the non-target group, especially those who had been vaccinated once (60.4%). Frequency of fever (P < 0.001) and number of skin rashes at the time of the first hospital visit (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the non-target group. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of childhood varicella patients declined after implementation of national immunization with two doses of varicella vaccination, sporadic outbreaks still occurred, mainly in the non-universal vaccination target group. Insufficient vaccination of members of this group is likely to be a major reason for small local outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi 448-8505, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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16
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Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Miura H, Ihira M, Inaba M, Ito R, Kozawa K, Yoshikawa T. Immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients including young infants. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1776-1779. [PMID: 32897544 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are generally mild or asymptomatic, and are usually detected by virological examination following close contact with COVID-19 patients, often the children's parents. The detailed clinical features and virological data of pediatric patients with COVID-19, particularly young infants, remain unclear. Here, the clinical and virological characteristics of four children with COVID-19 including two young infants were investigated. One- and 4-month-old boys with COVID-19 were both asymptomatic, and seroconversion was demonstrated. These findings suggest that even young infants can mount an immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), despite having weaker immune defenses than adolescents and adults. Three-year-old boy, who was SARS-CoV-2-negative, was admitted to the same room as his SARS-CoV-2-positive father due to the lack of caregivers. Although he was asymptomatic, he had seroconverted to SARS-CoV-2. Eleven-year-old boy, who was sibling of the 3-year-old boy, was also SARS-CoV-2-negative. He was isolated in his own room and did not seroconvert. If young children are SARS-CoV-2 negative, they should be isolated from their SARS-CoV-2-positive parents. This may be difficult in practice, if parents with COVID-19 are the only available caregivers. In such situations, the most appropriate measures should be taken for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masato Inaba
- Department of Internal Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryota Ito
- Department of Internal Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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17
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Ohye T, Hattori F, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Yatsuya H, Nishizawa H, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Inherited Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 Is a Risk Factor for Spontaneous Abortion. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1717-1723. [PMID: 32984876 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can be genetically transmitted from parent to child as inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6). HHV-6 reactivation occurs in pregnant women with iciHHV-6. We found no sex differences in the frequency of index cases with iciHHV-6 but inheritance from the father was more common. We evaluated the association between iciHHV-6 status and spontaneous abortion. METHODS iciHHV-6 was confirmed by high viral DNA copy numbers in whole blood and somatic cells. The origin of integrated viral genome, paternal or maternal, was examined using the same method. The pregnancy history of 23 mothers in families with iciHHV-6 and 285 mothers in families without iciHHV-6 was abstracted. RESULTS Of 23 iciHHV-6 index cases, 8 mothers and 15 fathers had iciHHV-6. Spontaneous abortion rates in mothers with and mothers without/fathers with iciHHV-6 and mothers in families without iciHHV-6 were 27.6%, 10.3%, and 14.8%, respectively (P = .012). Mothers with iciHHV-6 (odds ratio [OR], 6.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-37.4) and maternal age at the most recent pregnancy ≥40 years (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.30-11.8) were associated with 2 or more spontaneous abortions. CONCLUSIONS Mothers with iciHHV-6 is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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18
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Ihira M, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Hattori F, Higashimoto Y, Sugata K, Ide T, Komoto S, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. Molecular characterization of rotaviruses obtained from patients with rotavirus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:541-555. [PMID: 32511783 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) rarely causes severe complications such as encephalitis/encephalopathy. However, the pathophysiology of this specific complication remains unclear. Next-generation sequence analysis was used to compare the entire genome sequences of RVAs detected in patients with encephalitis/encephalopathy and gastroenteritis. This study enrolled eight patients with RVA encephalitis/encephalopathy and 10 with RVA gastroenteritis who were treated between February 2013 and July 2014. Viral RNAs were extracted from patients' stool, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was carried out to identify the specific gene mutations in RVA obtained from patients with severe neurological complications. Among the eight encephalitis/encephalopathy cases, six strains were DS-1-like G1P[8] and the remaining two were Wa-like G1P[8] (G1-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1). Meanwhile, eight of the 10 viruses detected in rotavirus gastroenteritis patients were DS-1-like G1P[8], and the remaining two were Wa-like G1P[8]. These strains were further characterized by conducting phylogenetic analysis. No specific clustering was demonstrated in RVAs detected from encephalitis/encephalopathy patients. Although the DS-1-like G1P[8] strain was predominant in both groups, no specific molecular characteristics were detected in RVAs from patients with severe central nervous system complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken Sugata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomihiko Ide
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Tanaka M, Kudo K, Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Frequency of subclinical herpes zoster in pediatric hematology-oncology patients receiving chemotherapy: A retrospective cohort analysis. J Med Virol 2019; 92:1260-1265. [PMID: 31821586 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation from the enteric nervous system can cause ileus (Ogilvie's syndrome) in adult patients. Since no pediatric cases have been described, we sought to retrospectively analyze VZV reactivation in pediatric hematology-oncology patients to determine whether VZV infection including subclinical VZV reactivation can induce gastrointestinal complications such as Ogilvie's syndrome. Thirty-five patients who received chemotherapy at our institution between September 2013 and June 2018 were included. Serum samples were collected weekly during hospitalization and every 3 months during outpatient maintenance chemotherapy. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to measure VZV DNA load in serum. The clinical features of patients with VZV infection were retrospectively analyzed. Of 1165 serum samples, 7 (0.6%) were positive for VZV DNA. VZV DNA was detected in 3 of 35 patients. In patient A, VZV DNA was detected during two episodes. The first episode involved varicella-like eruptions caused by the Oka VZV vaccine strain. The second episode involved herpes zoster (HZ) caused by the same strain. Patients B and C had a clinical course that was typical for HZ caused by wild-type VZV. No gastrointestinal symptoms were observed at the time of VZV infection in these three patients. VZV DNA was not detected in any other samples. No pediatric cases with Ogilvie's syndrome caused by VZV reactivation were demonstrated in this cohort. Additionally, no subclinical VZV reactivation was found in this cohort. Further study is needed to elucidate the precise incidence of pediatric Ogilvie's syndrome caused by VZV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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20
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Engdahl E, Gustafsson R, Huang J, Biström M, Lima Bomfim I, Stridh P, Khademi M, Brenner N, Butt J, Michel A, Jons D, Hortlund M, Alonso-Magdalena L, Hedström AK, Flamand L, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T, Andersen O, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Waterboer T, Sundström P, Olsson T, Kockum I, Fogdell-Hahn A. Increased Serological Response Against Human Herpesvirus 6A Is Associated With Risk for Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2715. [PMID: 32038605 PMCID: PMC6988796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A or HHV-6B involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) etiology has remained controversial mainly due to the lack of serological methods that can distinguish the two viruses. A novel multiplex serological assay measuring IgG reactivity against the immediate-early protein 1 from HHV-6A (IE1A) and HHV-6B (IE1B) was used in a MS cohort (8,742 persons with MS and 7,215 matched controls), and a pre-MS cohort (478 individuals and 476 matched controls) to investigate this further. The IgG response against IE1A was positively associated with MS (OR = 1.55, p = 9 × 10-22), and increased risk of future MS (OR = 2.22, p = 2 × 10-5). An interaction was observed between IE1A and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody responses for MS risk (attributable proportion = 0.24, p = 6 × 10-6). In contrast, the IgG response against IE1B was negatively associated with MS (OR = 0.74, p = 6 × 10-11). The association did not differ between MS subtypes or vary with severity of disease. The genetic control of HHV-6A/B antibody responses were located to the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region and the strongest association for IE1A was the DRB1*13:01-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03 haplotype while the main association for IE1B was DRB1*13:02-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:04. In conclusion a role for HHV-6A in MS etiology is supported by an increased serological response against HHV-6A IE1 protein, an interaction with EBV, and an association to HLA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Engdahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse Huang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Biström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Izaura Lima Bomfim
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Jons
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hortlund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louis Flamand
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Clinical Engineering Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Oluf Andersen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Tanaka M, Kudo K, Ihira M, Yatsuya H, Takahashi Y, Kojima S, Sakaguchi H, Yoshida N, Hama A, Yoshikawa T. Human herpesvirus-6B infection in pediatric allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: Risk factors and encephalitis. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 22:e13203. [PMID: 31650671 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus-6B (HHV-6B) infection after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is known to be associated with post-transplant limbic encephalitis in adults. Meanwhile, the association between HHV-6B infection and central nervous system complications remains unclear in pediatric allo-HSCT patients. METHODS In this study, HHV-6B infection was monitored for more than 50 days after HSCT using virus isolation and real-time PCR. Clinical information such as patient background and encephalitis status was collected retrospectively from medical records. Risk factors for HHV-6B infection were determined by the Cox proportional hazards model, and the clinical features of HHV-6B encephalitis in pediatric allo-HSCT patients were elucidated. RESULTS Human herpesvirus-6B infection was observed in 74 (33.8%) of 219 patients at 3-47 days (median 18, interquartile range 13-20). Risk factors identified in multivariable analysis were hematological malignancy (hazards ratio [HR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3/12.5; P < .0001), solid tumor (HR, 4.8; CI, 1.5/16.3; P = .0104), unrelated donor (HR, 2.1; CI, 1.0/4.6; P = .0378), and sex-mismatched donor (HR 1.8; CI, 1.1/3.0; P = .0257). HHV-6B encephalitis occurred in only one of the 219 patients (0.46%); this patient demonstrated the typical clinical course of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. CONCLUSION Hematological malignancy, solid tumor, unrelated donor, and sex-mismatched donor were significant risk factors for HHV-6B infection after pediatric allo-HSCT. In pediatric allo-HSCT patients, the incidence of HHV-6B encephalitis was low and the clinical features differed from those in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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22
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Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. 2323. Clinical Characteristics and Disease Burden of Epstein–Barr Virus and Four β-Herpes Viruses Infections in Children Visiting Emergency Room. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6810158 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is well known that most of infants and young children with primary EBV and CMV infection are inapparent, and primary HHV-6B and HHV-7 infection cause exanthema subitum (ES). However, the precise incidence of apparent infection of these viruses remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to elucidate clinical features and disease burdens of these viral infections in febrile children visiting emergency room (ER).
Methods
Between June 2015 and December 2017, febrile children under 5 years old, who visited ER and received hematological examination, were enrolled in this study. Detection of serum viral DNAs using real-time PCR and measurement of antibody titers in acute-phase serum were carried out. Clinical information was collected from the medical records.
Results
In total of the 905 cases, EBV, CMV, HHV-6B and HHV-7 were detected in 18 cases (2%), 12 cases (1.3%), 104 cases (11.5%) and 23 cases (2.5%), respectively. No HHV-6A DNA was detected. Primary infection rates among EBV, CMV, HHV-6B and HHV-7-infected patients accounted for 44%, 25%, 91% and 57%, respectively. Admission rates of the primary-infected patients were 88% of EBV, 68% of CMV, 66% of HHV-6B and 42% of HHV-7, respectively. Five of the 8 cases (62.5%) of primary EBV-infected patients demonstrated typical clinical course of infectious mononucleosis (IM); however, no IM patient was seen in 9 patients with viral reactivation. No IM case was observed in CMV-infected patients, regardless of primary infection or reactivation. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with primary HHV-6B and HHV-7 infections because of similarity of clinical features. Average age (1.5 vs. 2.8 years old; P < 0.001), duration of fever (4.5 vs. 2.9 days; P < 0.001), the highest body temperature (40.2 vs. 39.6°C; P < 0.001), and the frequency of typical skin rash (ES) (87% vs. 54%; P < 0.001) were statistically different between the two viral infections. The main reason for admission due to primary HHV-6B and HHV-7 infection was complex-type febrile seizure (58.7 vs. 66.7%; P = 0.705).
Conclusion
The clinical features and disease burden of the 5 human herpesviruses infections were elucidated in the febrile children visiting ER.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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23
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Higashimoto Y, Ishimaru S, Miura H, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Kawamura Y, Yoshikawa T. 1417. Detection of Human Herpesviruses DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients Suspected with Central Nervous System Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6810288 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Of the nine human herpesviruses (HHVs), most viruses have neurovirulence. Clinical manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) complications caused by some of the HHVs are well examined in children and immunocompromised adults; however, information of EBV and β-herpesviruses in an immunocompetent adult is limited.
Methods
Between April 2013 and March 2018, 322 patients (median age; 51.6 years old, male/female; 196/126) suspected to CNS infection were enrolled in this study. Patients with unconsciousness or characteristic change lasting more than 24 hours and abnormal brain MRI or EEG were defined as encephalitis. Real-time PCRs for detection of the 7 HHVs DNA including HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV, EBV, HHV-6, and HHV-7 were carried out in DNA extracted from 200 μL CSF. HHV-6 was discriminated between HHV-6A and HHV-6B using RFLP analysis.
Results
Herpesviruses DNA was detected in 33 (10.2%) of the 322 patients. The most frequently detected HHVs was VZV (19 cases) and followed by HHV-6B (4 cases), HSV-1 (3 cases), HSV-2 (3 cases), and EBV (2 cases). Multiple HHVs DNAs were detected from the 2 patients (case A; HSV-2, HHV-6, and EBV, case B; EBV and HHV-6B). No CMV and HHV-7 DNAs were detected in any of the samples. Eleven cases were assigned as encephalitis, and other 22 cases were non-encephalitis. Although all 3 patients with positive HSV-1 DNA were encephalitis, all 3 patients with positive HSV-2 DNA were meningitis. Fourteen (13 patients had zoster) of the 19 patients with positive VZV DNA were meningitis, and the remaining 5 patients (4 patients had zoster) were encephalitis. Two of the 4 HHV-6B-positive patients were non-encephalitis, one patient was diagnosed Orbital apex syndrome and another patient was myelitis. One of the 2 encephalitis patient was chromosomally integrated (ci) HHV-6. Additionally, case B was also ciHHV-6.
Conclusion
Approximately 10% of the samples were positive of HHVs DNA. VZV was the most frequently detected viral DNA in this cohort. Thirty-three percent of the patients were encephalitis, remaining patients were non-encephalitis such as meningitis and myelitis. As suggested, ciHHV-6 can cause miss-diagnosis of patients suspected with CNS infection.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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24
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Yoshikawa T, Ihira M, Higashimoto Y, Hattori F, Miura H, Sugata K, Komoto S, Taniguchi K, Iguchi A, Yamada M, Ariga T. Persistent systemic rotavirus vaccine infection in a child with X‐linked severe combined immunodeficiency. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1008-1013. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical EngineeringToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical TechnologyFujita Health University School of Health SciencesToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Ken Sugata
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and ParasitologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and ParasitologyFujita Health University School of MedicineToyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Akihiro Iguchi
- Department of PediatricsFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamada
- Department of PediatricsFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo Japan
| | - Tadashi Ariga
- Department of PediatricsFaculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo Japan
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25
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Ohye T, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Cover Image, Volume 90, Number 10, October 2018. J Med Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
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26
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Ohye T, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in the Japanese population. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1636-1642. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics; Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
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27
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Tanaka M, Kudo K, Ihira M, Yatsuya H, Takahashi Y, Kojima S, Yoshikawa T. Late-phase human herpesvirus 6B reactivation in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2018; 20:e12916. [PMID: 29797616 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether late-phase human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients was associated with serious outcomes and mortality. METHODS The occurrence and course of HHV-6B infection was monitored for at least 60 days after transplant using virus isolation and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors for late-phase HHV-6B infection were examined, and the propensity score was calculated with significant risk factors. The inverse probability-weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for mortality. RESULTS Late-phase HHV-6B infection was observed in 12/89 (13.5%) of the HSCT recipients. Older age (OR: 10.3, 95% CI: 2.1/72.9, P = .0027), hematologic malignancy (OR: 10.3, 95% CI: 1.8/97.1, P = .0063), unrelated donor transplantation (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.1/36.0, P = .0345), and sex-mismatched donor transplantation (OR: 6.3, 95% CI: 1.4/39.5, P = .0149) were identified as risk factors for late-phase HHV-6B infection. Fifteen subjects died (17%). Inverse probability-weighted multivariable logistic model analysis revealed that late-phase HHV-6B infection was an independent risk factor for mortality (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.7/11.0, P = .0012). Among 5 of the fatal cases of late-phase HHV-6B infection, viral infection might be associated with severe clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION Late-phase HHV-6B infection in HSCT recipients was associated with worse outcomes. The full spectrum of clinical features of the infection has not been fully elucidated, and therefore, recipients with high-risk factors for late-phase HHV-6B infection should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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28
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Hiramatsu H, Suzuki R, Nagatani A, Boda H, Miyata M, Hattori F, Miura H, Sugata K, Yamada S, Komoto S, Taniguchi K, Ihira M, Nishimura N, Ozaki T, Yoshikawa T. Rotavirus Vaccination Can Be Performed Without Viral Dissemination in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Infect Dis 2017; 217:589-596. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hiramatsu H, Suzuki R, Yamada S, Ihira M, Nagatani A, Miyata M, Miura H, Hattori F, Sugata K, Taniguchi K, Nishimura N, Ozaki T, Yoshikawa T. No Viral Spreading After Rotavirus Vaccination in NICU. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [PMCID: PMC5631893 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm and low birth weight infants are considered to be high risk for severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. However, it has been demonstrated that many infants are ineligible for receiving rotavirus vaccine due to over the age limitation within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We sought to elucidate the safety of rotavirus (RV) vaccination in NICU by assessing vaccine virus transmission from vaccine recipients in NICU. Methods This study was designed as the prospective study conducted at the NICU of Fujita Health University hospital and Konan Kosei Hospital. This study was approved by the ethical committee in our university. Premature age-eligible infants were recruited to administer rotavirus vaccine. Stool samples were serially collected from unvaccinated infants (UVI) and vaccinated infants (VI) who received either the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) or monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1). During October 10, 2014 and December 25, 2015, 19 VIs and 49 UVIs were enrolled in this study. Contact precaution was carried out in NICU. All stool samples were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for detection of RV5, RV1, and wild-type strain’s genomes. Results Total of 676 stool samples (89 samples collected from the 9 RV5 vaccinated infants, 110 samples collected from the 10 RV1 vaccinated infants, and 477 samples collected from the 49 UVIs) were analyzed in this study. Nineteen VIs received with first dose of vaccine demonstrated persistent shedding of rotavirus vaccine genome during 1–8 days after the first dose of the vaccine. Meanwhile, in comparison to VIs received with first dose of vaccine, the detection of viral genome in stool samples decreased gradually in there VIs after second dose of vaccine. In contrast to the VI, no vaccine genome was detected in any of the stool samples collected from the UVIs. Conclusion This study suggests that RV vaccine may be safe for administration of preterm and low birth weight infants in NICU. Accordingly, the contact precaution measures may play an important role in prevention of vaccine virus transmission between VIs and UVIs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shigeki Yamada
- Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Arisa Nagatani
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ken Sugata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | - Takao Ozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Konan Kosei Hosp., Konan, Japan
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Kawamura Y, Ohye T, Miura H, Ihira M, Kato Y, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Analysis of the origin of inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in the Japanese population. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1823-1830. [PMID: 28699856 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of the complete human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) genome into the telomere of a chromosome has been reported in some individuals (inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6; iciHHV-6). Since the proportion of iciHHV-6-positive individuals with integration in chromosome 22 is high in Japan, we hypothesized a founder effect. In this study, we sought to elucidate the reason for the high proportion of viral integrations into chromosome 22. We analyzed six cases of iciHHV-6A and two cases of iciHHV-6B, including one iciHHV-6A case with a matched sample from a father and one iciHHV-6B case with a matched sample from a mother. In iciHHV-6A, the same copy numbers of viral telomeric repeat sequences (TRS) and the same five microsatellite markers were detected in both the index case and paternal sample. Moreover, the same five microsatellite markers were demonstrated in four cases and the same copy numbers of viral TRS were demonstrated in two pairs of two cases. The present microsatellite analysis suggested that the viral genomes detected in some iciHHV-6A patients were derived from a common ancestral integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.,Present address: Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1090340 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuri Kato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Ihira M, Urashima A, Miura H, Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Sugata K, Yoshikawa T. Development of real-time RT-PCR assays for detection of three classes of HHV-6A gene transcripts. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1830-1836. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering; Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Akiko Urashima
- Faculty of Medical Technology; Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Ken Sugata
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Sugata K, Koshiyama N, Yoshikawa A, Komoto S, Taniguchi K, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Rotavirus vaccine strain transmission by vaccinated infants in the foster home. J Med Virol 2016; 89:79-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Ken Sugata
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Nozomi Koshiyama
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Virology and Parasitology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Virology and Parasitology; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering; Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Japan
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Morikawa H, Ohashi N, Kawaguchi K, Sakai K, Nakai S, Hiki Y, Sobajima H, Ihira M, Kitaguchi N. P2‐041: Potential Therapeutic System for Alzheimer’s Disease By Removal of Blood AB: Efficient Ab Removal System By Enhancing Adsorption on Hollow Fibers with Hemodiafiltration. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Morikawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, ToyoakeAichiJapan
- Ogaki Municipal Hospital, OgakiGifuJapan
| | - Norimi Ohashi
- Diabetes Kidney Internal Medicine, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, OgakiGifuJapan
| | - Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, ToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Kazuyoshi Sakai
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, ToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Shigeru Nakai
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, ToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hiki
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, ToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Sobajima
- Diabetes Kidney Internal Medicine, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, OgakiGifuJapan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, ToyoakeAichiJapan
| | - Nobuya Kitaguchi
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, ToyoakeAichiJapan
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Ihira M, Yamaki A, Kato Y, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Yoshikawa T. Cycling probe-based real-time PCR for the detection ofHuman herpesvirus6A and B. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1628-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering; Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamaki
- ME Center; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Yuri Kato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Fujita Health University Hospital; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; Fujita Health University Hospital; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics; Fujita Health University School of Medicine; Toyoake Aichi Japan
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Hiramatsu H, Suzuki R, Yamada S, Ihira M, Nagatani A, Miyata M, Hattori F, Sugata K, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. Safety of Rotavirus Vaccine for Very Low Birth Weight Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv133.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ohye T, Kawamura Y, Inagaki H, Yoshikawa A, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T, Kurahashi H. A simple cytogenetic method to detect chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6. J Virol Methods 2015; 228:74-8. [PMID: 26549829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Some healthy individuals carry human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) within a host chromosome, which is called inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6 (iciHHV-6). Because iciHHV-6 is generally considered a non-pathogenic condition, it is important to distinguish iciHHV-6 from HHV-6 reactivation in immunocompromised hosts because both conditions manifest high copy numbers of the HHV-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Although fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a reliable method for the diagnosis of iciHHV-6, HHV-6-specific FISH probes are not commercially available. In our present study, we established a simple PCR-based method for producing FISH probes that can detect the chromosomal integration site of iciHHV-6 at high sensitivity. Using these probes, we confirmed that HHV-6 signals were consistently located at the telomeric region in all of the 13 iciHHV-6 individuals examined. Interestingly, in all seven Japanese iciHHV-6A patients, signals were detected exclusively on chromosome 22q. This method provides a simple and fast approach for iciHHV-6 diagnosis in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamae Ohye
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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Kawamura Y, Nakayama A, Kato T, Miura H, Ishihara N, Ihira M, Takahashi Y, Matsuda K, Yoshikawa T. Pathogenic Role of Human Herpesvirus 6B Infection in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1014-21. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kuhara T, Watanabe D, Ishida N, Tamada Y, Matsumoto Y, Ihira M, Fukaya S, Yoshida S, Yoshikawa T, Asano Y. Quantitative analysis of shedding of Epstein-Barr virus in saliva from patients with connective tissue diseases: a pilot study. Int J Dermatol 2015; 52:887-90. [PMID: 23789606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Morooka M, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. The kinetics of urinary shedding of BK virus in children with renal disease. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 59:37-42. [PMID: 25399670 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Children with renal diseases are typically treated with immunosuppressive drugs, which place them at high risk of reactivation of the BK virus (BKV). Currently, little is known about the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on the kinetics of urinary shedding of BKV and viral reactivation in pediatric patients with renal diseases. Urine samples were collected monthly for 1 year from 20 children (median age, 9 years; range, 4-15 years) with renal diseases and subjected to real-time PCR. Urinary shedding of BKV was detected in 35% (7/20) of the patients, three of these patients having persistent viral DNA excretion (two cases, twelve times; one case, four times) and four having intermittent viral DNA excretion. Thirty-four of the 240 urine samples contained BKV DNA (median copy numbers, 5.66 log copies/mL; range, 2.45-7.69 log copies/mL). In two of the cases with persistent viral shedding, high copy numbers (range, 4.57-7.69 log copies/mL) of BKV DNA were detected in all 12 urine samples collected. In the other case with persistent viral excretion, a range of 2.45-3.98 log copies/mL of BKV DNA was detected in the four urine samples collected between the 9th and 12th sampling time points. Additionally, high copy numbers (range, 3.12-4.36 log copies/mL) of BKV DNA were detected intermittently in the urine samples of the other four cases. No remarkable correlations were found between the kinetics of BKV DNA loads and urinary findings such as proteinuria and hematuria. The present data demonstrate the kinetics of urinary BKV shedding in pediatric patients with renal diseases. Additionally, no pathogenic role for BKV infection was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Yamamoto
- Departments of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kawamura Y, Ohashi M, Ihira M, Hashimoto S, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. Nationwide survey of rotavirus-associated encephalopathy and sudden unexpected death in Japan. Brain Dev 2014; 36:601-7. [PMID: 23972382 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus can cause severe complications such as encephalopathy/encephalitis and sudden unexpected death. The incidence of rotavirus-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis or sudden unexpected death remains unknown. To clarify the clinical features of rotavirus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy and sudden unexpected death, we conducted a nationwide survey in Japan. METHOD A two-part questionnaire was designed to determine the number of the cases and the clinical features of severe cases of rotavirus infection, including encephalitis/encephalopathy and sudden unexpected death, between 2009 and 2011. RESULT Of the 1365 questionnaires sent to hospitals, 963 (70.5%) were returned and eligible for analysis. We determined 58 cases of rotavirus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy and 7 cases of sudden unexpected death. These patients were diagnosed with rotavirus infection by immunochromatography. Although 36/58 (62.1%) encephalitis/encephalopathy patients had no sequelae, 15/58 (25.9%) patients had neurological sequelae, and 7/58 (12.1%) patients had fatal outcomes. Pleocytosis was observed in 9/40 (22.5%) patients and cerebrospinal fluid protein levels were elevated in only 4/40 (10%) patients. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (>500 IU/L) or acidemia (pH<7.15) were related to a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION We estimate that annual cases of rotavirus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy and sudden unexpected death were 44.0 and 4.9 cases in Japan, respectively. Elevated LDH (>500 IU/L) or acidemia (pH<7.15) were related to a poor prognosis of the encephalitis/encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuji Hashimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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Ohye T, Inagaki H, Ihira M, Higashimoto Y, Kato K, Oikawa J, Yagasaki H, Niizuma T, Takahashi Y, Kojima S, Yoshikawa T, Kurahashi H. Dual roles for the telomeric repeats in chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4559. [PMID: 24691081 PMCID: PMC3972506 DOI: 10.1038/srep04559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1 percent of healthy individuals carry human herpesvirus-6 within a host chromosome. This is referred to as chromosomally integrated herpesvirus-6 (CIHHV-6). In this study, we investigated the chromosomal integration site in six individuals harboring CIHHV-6B. Using FISH, we found that HHV-6B signals are consistently located at the telomeric region. The proximal endpoints of the integrated virus were mapped at one of two telomere-repeat-like sequences (TRSs) within the DR-R in all cases. In two cases, we isolated junction fragments between the viral TRS and human telomere repeats. The distal endpoints were mapped at the distal TRS in all cases. The size of the distal TRS was found to be ~5 kb which is sufficient to fulfill cellular telomeric functions. We conclude that the viral TRS in the DR regions fulfill dual functions for CIHHV-6: homology-mediated integration into the telomeric region of the chromosome and neo-telomere formation that is then stably transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamae Ohye
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 453-8511, Japan
| | - Junko Oikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niizuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Koshigaya Municipal Hospital, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8577, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Rinkai Hospital, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-0086, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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Yoshikawa T, Matsuo T, Kawamura Y, Ohashi M, Yonekawa T, Kanda H, Notomi T, Ihira M. Direct detection of human herpesvirus 6B by the LAMP method using newly developed dry-reagents. J Virol Methods 2014; 201:65-7. [PMID: 24589515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The reliability of the HHV-6B LAMP using the dry-reagent method was evaluated using serum samples obtained from febrile children. The sensitivity of the original and dry-reagent methods was 10 copies/reaction and 100 copies/reaction, respectively. The dry-reagent LAMP method was highly sensitive (94.0%) and specific (96.0%) for the detection of HHV-6B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Matsuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Kanda
- Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., Shimoishigami, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsugunori Notomi
- Eiken Chemical Co. Ltd., Shimoishigami, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kumagai T, Yoshikawa T, Shiraki K, Yoshida M, Nakayama T, Ihira M, Asano Y. Virus specific cell-mediated immunity may play a role in controlling reactivated human herpesvirus 6B in patients under measles induced immunosuppression. J Med Virol 2014; 86:658-65. [PMID: 24395026 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For a better understanding of the cellular immune responses to reactivated HHV 6B the lymphoproliferative response to human herpesvirus 6B (HHV 6B) antigen was measured in three consecutive specimens obtained biweekly from 22 young children and infants suffering from acute measles, and in 19 influenza patients and nine healthy control subjects. HHV 6B DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected in 18 of 22 subjects with measles, but not in the influenza patients or the healthy population. A novel reactivation profile of HHV 6B was found in patients with measles in the milder form of immunosuppression than in patients with organ transplantation. HHV 6B specific lymphoproliferation activities increased correspondingly with reactivation of HHV 6B assessed by detecting HHV 6B DNA in PBMCs in patients with measles, but no significant change in either the antibody response to HHV 6B or DNAemia occurred in serial specimens obtained either from patients with influenza or healthy subjects. This novel form of HHV 6B reactivation without antibody response was observed in patients with measles. The dynamic fluctuations in lymphoproliferative responses in measles may represent the balance between HHV 6B reactivation and its suppression by the host immune system.
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Kobayashi T, Yagami A, Suzuki K, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T, Matsunaga K. Clinical utility of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of common alpha herpesvirus skin infections. J Dermatol 2013; 40:1033-7. [PMID: 24303946 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method with a high specificity, efficiency and speed. No reports exist regarding the usefulness of LAMP for clinically suspected skin infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella zoster virus (VZV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of LAMP in the diagnosis of common cutaneous alpha herpesvirus (HSV type 1 and 2, and VZV) infections. LAMP and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed using swab samples collected from 106 patients with clinically suspected alpha herpesvirus skin infections. The results of LAMP performed with DNA extraction did not differ from those performed without DNA extraction. The sensitivity of LAMP tested against real-time PCR was 96% in herpes simplex, 78% in eczema herpeticum, 93% in herpes zoster and 100% in varicella. No viral DNA was detected by LAMP in all negative real-time PCR samples. Viral DNA load was significantly lower in samples with false-negative LAMP results than in the LAMP-positive samples. LAMP enables confirmation of clinically suspected cutaneous HSV and VZV infections. However, the sensitivity of LAMP is lower than real-time PCR. The accuracy of LAMP may increase if sufficient viral DNA is obtained from lesions. LAMP performed without DNA extraction remains sensitive; thus, LAMP represents a quick and economical method for the diagnosis of common alpha herpesvirus skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukane Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Kawamura Y, Yamazaki Y, Ohashi M, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Cytokine and chemokine responses in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with human herpesvirus 6B-associated acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion. J Med Virol 2013; 86:512-8. [PMID: 24132547 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion has become increasingly common among various types of human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) encephalitis at the time of primary viral infection. The aim of the present study is to explore the pathophysiology of HHV-6B-associated acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion. Five cytokines and five chemokines were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 12 HHV-6B-associated acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion patients and 19 control exanthem subitum (without complications) patients. Serum interleukin (IL)-10 (P = 0.007) and IL-8 (P = 0.025) were significantly higher in the patients with the disease than controls. Serum IL-1β (P = 0.034) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (P = 0.002) were significantly higher in the controls than patients with the disease. In patients with the disease, IL-10 (P = 0.012), regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES; P = 0.001), and monokine induced by interferon γ (MIG; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in serum than CSF, meanwhile IL-6 (P = 0.034), IL-8 (P = 0.034), and MCP-1 (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in CSF than serum. Additionally, serum IL-10 was significantly higher in the disease patients with sequelae than those without sequelae (P = 0.016). Several cytokines and chemokines may be associated with the pathogenesis of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion. Moreover, the regulation of cytokine networks appears to be different between peripheral blood (systemic) and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Gülden E, Ihira M, Ohashi A, Reinbeck AL, Freudenberg MA, Kolb H, Burkart V. Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency accelerates the development of insulin-deficient diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75385. [PMID: 24086519 PMCID: PMC3781027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptors (TLR) mediate the recognition of microbial constituents and stress-induced endogenous ligands by the immune system. They may also be involved in the maintenance or break down of tolerance against autologous antigens. The aim of our investigation was to study the consequence of TLR4 deficiency on the development of insulin-deficient diabetes in the NOD mouse. METHODS The TLR4 defect of the C57BL/10ScN mouse was backcrossed onto the NOD background and the effect of TLR4 deficiency on diabetes development was analysed by in vivo and in vitro studies. RESULTS Compared to animals with wildtype TLR4 expression (TLR4(+/+)), female NOD mice carrying a homozygous TLR4 defect (TLR4(-/-)), showed significant acceleration of diabetes development, with a younger age at diabetes onset (TLR4 (+/+) 177±22 d, TLR(-/-): 118±21 d; p<0.01). Pancreata of 120 d old TLR4(-/-) NOD mice revealed increased proportions of islets with advanced stages of immune cell infiltration compared to TLR4(+/+) mice (p<0.05). TLR4 deficiency did not affect the susceptibility of islet cells to the beta cell damaging mediators nitric oxide or the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interferon gamma. The lack of TLR4 further had no effect on the frequency of regulatory T-cells but reduced their capacity to inhibit T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that TLR4 deficiency results in an acceleration of diabetes development and immune cell infiltration of islets in NOD mice. We conclude that TLR4 is involved in the progression of the insulitis process thereby controlling the development of insulin-deficient diabetes in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gülden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Atsushi Ohashi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Reinbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marina A. Freudenberg
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Immunbiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Kolb
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Member of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ihira M, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Sugata K, Ohashi M, Asano Y, Yoshikawa T. Cycling probe technology to quantify and discriminate between wild-type varicella-zoster virus and Oka vaccine strains. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:308-13. [PMID: 23820238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rapid differentiation between wild-type varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Oka-vaccine (vOka) strains is important for monitoring side reactions of varicella vaccination. To develop a high-throughput molecular diagnostic method for the differentiation of wild-type VZV and vOka strains based on cycling probe technology. The primers were designed to amplify common sequences spanning a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in gene 62 of VZV. DNA-RNA chimeric probes (cycling probes) were designed to detect the SNP at nucleotide 105705. The cycling probe real-time PCR assays for VZV wild-type and vOka strains specifically amplified plasmids containing target sequences that ranged between 10 and 1×10(6) copies per reaction. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were less than 5%. After initial validation studies, the clinical reliability of this method was evaluated using 38 swab samples that were collected from patients suspected of being zoster. Compared to the loop mediated isothermal amplification method, which is defined as the gold standard, cycling probe real-time PCR was highly sensitive and specific. The cycling probe real-time PCR technology is a reliable tool for differentiating between wild-type VZV and vOka strains in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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Matsumoto Y, Kawamura Y, Nakai H, Sugata K, Yoshikawa A, Ihira M, Ohashi M, Kato T, Yoshikawa T. Cytokine and chemokine responses in pediatric patients with severe pneumonia associated with pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:651-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ihira M, Enomoto Y, Kawamura Y, Nakai H, Sugata K, Asano Y, Tsuzuki M, Emi N, Goto T, Miyamura K, Matsumoto K, Kato K, Takahashi Y, Kojima S, Yoshikawa T. Development of quantitative RT-PCR assays for detection of three classes of HHV-6B gene transcripts. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1388-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nakai H, Kawamura Y, Sugata K, Sugiyama H, Enomoto Y, Asano Y, Ihira M, Ohashi M, Kato T, Yoshikawa T. Host factors associated with the kinetics of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in patients with primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. Microbiol Immunol 2012; 56:93-8. [PMID: 22150751 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to elucidate the kinetics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in serially collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with primary EBV infection, and to determine the correlated host factors. Blood samples were collected from 24 patients with primary EBV infection. EBV DNA copy numbers were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Based on the kinetics of EBV DNA load, the 24 patients were divided into two groups: rapid regression and slow regression. Eighteen of the 24 patients (75%) were included in the slow regression and 6 (25%) in the rapid regression group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in clinical features and laboratory findings. However, acute phase (3 to 10 days after the onset of the illness) serum samples from six children in the slow regression and four in the rapid regression group revealed significantly higher serum interleukin (IL)-1β (P= 0.018), IL-12 (P= 0.009), tumor necrosis factor-α (P= 0.019), interferon-inducible protein 10, and monokine induced by interferon γ concentrations in the rapid regression than the slow regression group. On the other hand, sera from six children in the slow regression and four in the rapid regression group in the convalescent phase (14 to 21 days after the onset of the illness) showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in these biomarker concentrations. Based on this, it was concluded that the kinetics of EBV DNA load can be divided to two different patterns after primary EBV infection, and immune response might be associated with viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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