1
|
Ravu RR, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Wang M, Cao L, Agarwal AK, Clark AM, Li XC. Synthesis and Antifungal Activity Evaluation of Phloeodictine Analogues. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2129-2137. [PMID: 34283598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phloeodictine-based 6-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium structural moiety with an n-tetradecyl side chain at C-6 has been demonstrated to be a new antifungal template. Thirty-four new synthetic analogues with modifications of the bicyclic tetrahydropyrrolopyrimidinium skeleton and the N-1 side chain have been prepared and evaluated for in vitro antifungal activities against the clinically important fungal pathogens including Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90113, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida krusei ATCC 6258, and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 90906. Nineteen compounds (5, 21-31, 34-38, 44, and 48) showed antifungal activities against the aforementioned five fungal pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range 0.88-10 μM, and all were fungicidal with minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) similar to the respective MIC values. Compounds 24, 36, and 48 were especially active against C. neoformans ATCC 90113 with MIC/MFC values of 1.0/1.0, 1.6/1.6, and 1.3/2.0 μM but exhibited low cytotoxicity with an IC50 > 40 μM against the mammalian Vero cells. The structure and antifungal activity relationship indicates that synthetic modifications of the phloeodictines can afford analogues with potent antifungal activity and reduced cytotoxicity, necessitating further preclinical studies of this new class of antifungal compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Rao Ravu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Liang Cao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ameeta K Agarwal
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Alice M Clark
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren S, Deng K, Qiu S, Wang M, Avula B, Tripathi SK, Jacob MR, Gong L, Wang W, Khan IA, Li XC. Identification of Antifungal Bisphosphocholines from Medicinal Gentiana Species. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:3207-3211. [PMID: 33052051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gentiana species including G. crassicaulis, G. macrophylla, G. dahurica, and G. straminea are used in traditional Chinese medicine as "Qinjiao" for the treatment of rheumatism, hepatitis, and pain. Four antifungal bisphosphocholines [irlbacholine (2) and three new analogues, gentianalines A-C (1, 3, and 4)] were identified from G. crassicaulis by a bioassay-guided fractionation and structure elucidation approach. Subsequent chemical analysis of 56 "Qinjiao" samples (45 from G. crassicaulis, five from G. macrophylla, three from G. dahurica, and three from G. straminea) showed that bisphosphocholines were present in all four Gentiana species, with irlbacholine as the major compound ranging from 2.0 to 6.2 mg per gram of dried material. Irlbacholine exhibited potent in vitro antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.63, 1.25, 10.0, and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Identification of the bisphosphocholines, a rare class of antifungal natural products, in these medicinal plants provides scientific evidence to complement their medicinal use. The bisphosphocholines carrying a long aliphatic chain possess amphiphilic molecule-like properties with a tendency of retention in both normal and reversed-phase silica gel column chromatography and thereby may be neglected in natural products discovery. This report may stimulate interest in this class of compounds, which warrant the further study of other biological activities as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ren
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Deng
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Qiu
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Siddharth K Tripathi
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Limin Gong
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Product Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abu-Darwish MS, Cabral C, Ali Z, Wang M, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Jain SK, Tekwani BL, Zulfiqar F, Khan IA, Taifour H, Salgueiro L, Efferth T. Salvia ceratophylla L. from South of Jordan: new insights on chemical composition and biological activities. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2020; 10:307-316. [PMID: 32852722 PMCID: PMC7520468 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Jordan, Salvia ceratophylla L. is traditionally used in the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and urinary disorders. This study aimed: (1) to chemically characterize S. ceratophylla essential oil (EO) from South Jordan, by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); and (2) to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoal activities of the EO, it's predominant components, and the hexane (A), ethyl acetate (B), methanol (C) and crude-methanol extracts (D). The analysis revealed that the EO has 71 compounds, with linalool (54.8%) as main constituent. Only the hexane extract (A) showed some cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3, LLC-PK1 and VERO cells lines with IC50 between 60 and > 100 µg/mL. The EO inhibited NO production (IC50 90 µg/mL) and NF-κB activity (IC50 38 µg/mL). The extracts A, B, and D inhibited NO production and NF- κB activity with IC50 between 32 and 150 µg/mL. Linalool considerably inhibited NO production (IC50 18 µg/mL). The extracts tested did not exhibit antileishmanial activity. Regarding antitrypanosomal activity, the EO exhibited significant results with IC50 2.65 µg/mL. In conclusion, Jordan S. ceratophylla EO represents a rich source of linalool and bears a promising therapeutic potential for further antitrypanosomal drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Zulfigar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Surendra K Jain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Fazila Zulfiqar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Hatem Taifour
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 219 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CIEPQPF/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biocmedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nasrin S, Ganji S, Kakirde KS, Jacob MR, Wang M, Ravu RR, Cobine PA, Khan IA, Wu CC, Mead DA, Li XC, Liles MR. Chloramphenicol Derivatives with Antibacterial Activity Identified by Functional Metagenomics. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:1321-1332. [PMID: 29897754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A functional metagenomic approach identified novel and diverse soil-derived DNAs encoding inhibitors to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A metagenomic DNA soil library containing 19 200 recombinant Escherichia coli BAC clones with 100 Kb average insert size was screened for antibiotic activity. Twenty-seven clones inhibited MRSA, seven of which were found by LC-MS to possess modified chloramphenicol ( Cm) derivatives, including three new compounds whose structures were established as 1-acetyl-3-propanoylchloramphenicol, 1-acetyl-3-butanoylchloramphenicol, and 3-butanoyl-1-propanoylchloramphenicol. Cm was used as the selectable antibiotic for cloning, suggesting that heterologously expressed enzymes resulted in derivatization of Cm into new chemical entities with biological activity. An esterase was found to be responsible for the enzymatic regeneration of Cm, and the gene trfA responsible for plasmid copy induction was found to be responsible for inducing antibacterial activity in some clones. Six additional acylchloramphenicols were synthesized for structure and antibacterial activity relationship studies, with 1- p-nitrobenzoylchloramphenicol the most active against Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MICs of 12.5 and 50.0 μg/mL, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Nasrin
- Department of Biological Sciences , Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Suresh Ganji
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Kavita S Kakirde
- Department of Biological Sciences , Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Ranga Rao Ravu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences , Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Cheng-Cang Wu
- Lucigen Corporation , Middleton , Wisconsin 53562 , United States
| | - David A Mead
- Varigen Biosciences Corporation , Madison , Wisconsin 53719 , United States
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Mark R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences , Auburn University , Auburn , Alabama 36849 , United States
- Varigen Biosciences Corporation , Madison , Wisconsin 53719 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jain M, Reddy CVRP, Halder M, Singh S, Kumar R, Wasudeo SG, Singh PP, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Jain R. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 8-Quinolinamines and Their Amino Acid Conjugates as Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectives. ACS Omega 2018; 3:3060-3075. [PMID: 30023858 PMCID: PMC6045484 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the search of therapeutic agents for emerging drug-resistant parasites, the synthesis of newer classes of 8-quinolinamines has emerged as a successful chemotherapeutic approach. We report synthesis of 8-quinolinamines bearing 5-alkoxy, 4-methyl, and 2-tert-butyl groups in the quinoline framework and their amino acid conjugates as broad-spectrum anti-infectives. 8-Quinolinamines exhibited potent in vitro antimalarial activity [IC50 = 20-4760 ng/mL (drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 strain) and IC50 = 22-4760 ng/mL (drug-resistant P. falciparum W2 strain)]. The most promising analogues have cured all animals at 25 mg/kg/day against drug-sensitive Plasmodium berghei and at 50 mg/kg/day against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infections in Swiss mice. The in vitro antileishmanial activities (IC50 = 0.84-5.0 μg/mL and IC90 = 1.95-7.0 μg/mL) comparable to standard drug pentamidine were exhibited by several of the synthesized 8-quinolinamines. At the same time, very promising antifungal activities (Candida albicans-IC50 = 4.93-19.38 μg/mL; Candida glabrata-IC50 = 3.96-19.22 μg/mL; Candida krusei-IC50 = 2.89-18.95 μg/mL; Cryptococcus neoformans-IC50 = 0.67-18.64 μg/mL; and Aspergillus fumigatus-IC50 = 6.0-19.32 μg/mL) and antibacterial activities (Staphylococcus aureus-IC50 = 1.33-18.9 μg/mL; methicillin-resistant S. aureus-IC50 = 1.38-15.34 μg/mL; and Mycobacterium intracellulare-IC50 = 3.12-20 μg/mL) were also observed. None of the 8-quinolinamines exhibited cytotoxicity and therefore are a promising structural class of compounds as antiparasitic and antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - C. V. Ravi P. Reddy
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Moumita Halder
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Randheer Kumar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Sagar Gajbe Wasudeo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Prati Pal Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferreira MC, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Gonçalves VN, Jacob MR, Khan S, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Antimycobacterial and antimalarial activities of endophytic fungi associated with the ancient and narrowly endemic neotropical plant Vellozia gigantea from Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:692-697. [PMID: 28953997 PMCID: PMC5607518 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi, present mainly in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla, are associated with different plants and represent important producers of bioactive natural products. Brazil has a rich biodiversity of plant species, including those reported as being endemic. Among the endemic Brazilian plant species, Vellozia gigantea (Velloziaceae) is threatened by extinction and is a promising target to recover endophytic fungi. OBJECTIVE The present study focused on bioprospecting of bioactive compounds of the endophytic fungi associated with V. gigantea, an endemic, ancient, and endangered plant species that occurs only in the rupestrian grasslands of Brazil. METHODS The capability of 285 fungal isolates to produce antimicrobial and antimalarial activities was examined. Fungi were grown at solid-state fermentation to recover their crude extracts in dichloromethane. Bioactive extracts were analysed by chromatographic fractionation and NMR and displayed compounds with antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, and antimalarial activities. FINDINGS Five fungi produced antimicrobial and antimalarial compounds. Extracts of Diaporthe miriciae showed antifungal, antibacterial, and antimalarial activities; Trichoderma effusum displayed selective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium intracellulare; and three Penicillium species showed antibacterial activity. D. miriciae extract contained highly functionalised secondary metabolites, yielding the compound epoxycytochalasin H with high antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 approximately 3.5-fold lower than that with chloroquine. MAIN CONCLUSION Our results indicate that V. gigantea may represent a microhabitat repository hotspot of potential fungi producers of bioactive compounds and suggest that endophytic fungal communities might be an important biological component contributing to the fitness of the plants living in the rupestrian grassland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Mississippi, USA
| | - David E Wedge
- United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Mississippi, USA
| | - Vívian N Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- University of Mississippi, National Center for Natural Products Research, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shabana Khan
- University of Mississippi, National Center for Natural Products Research, Mississippi, USA
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan Y, An Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Dai L, Li XC. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Fire Ant Venom Alkaloid Based 2-Methyl-6-alkyl-Δ 1,6-piperideines. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:2795-2798. [PMID: 29023124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The first synthesis of 2-methyl-6-pentadecyl-Δ1,6-piperideine (1), a major alkaloid of the piperideine chemotype in fire ant venoms, and its analogues, 2-methyl-6-tetradecyl-Δ1,6-piperideine (2) and 2-methyl-6-hexadecyl-Δ1,6-piperideine (3), was achieved by a facile synthetic method starting with glutaric acid (4) and urea (5). Compound 1 showed in vitro antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans with IC50 values of 6.6 and 12.4 μg/mL, respectively, and antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with an IC50 value of 19.4 μg/mL, while compounds 2 and 3 were less active against these pathogens. All three compounds strongly inhibited the parasites Leishmania donovani promastigotes and Trypanosoma brucei with IC50 values in the range of 5.0-6.7 and 2.7-4.0 μg/mL, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu An
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Centers for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Centers for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Liyan Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Centers for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tripathi SK, Xu T, Feng Q, Avula B, Shi X, Pan X, Mask MM, Baerson SR, Jacob MR, Ravu RR, Khan SI, Li XC, Khan IA, Clark AM, Agarwal AK. Two plant-derived aporphinoid alkaloids exert their antifungal activity by disrupting mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16578-16593. [PMID: 28821607 PMCID: PMC5633121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eupolauridine and liriodenine are plant-derived aporphinoid alkaloids that exhibit potent inhibitory activity against the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans However, the molecular mechanism of this antifungal activity is unknown. In this study, we show that eupolauridine 9591 (E9591), a synthetic analog of eupolauridine, and liriodenine methiodide (LMT), a methiodide salt of liriodenine, mediate their antifungal activities by disrupting mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster synthesis. Several lines of evidence supported this conclusion. First, both E9591 and LMT elicited a transcriptional response indicative of iron imbalance, causing the induction of genes that are required for iron uptake and for the maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis. Second, a genome-wide fitness profile analysis showed that yeast mutants with deletions in iron homeostasis-related genes were hypersensitive to E9591 and LMT. Third, treatment of wild-type yeast cells with E9591 or LMT generated cellular defects that mimicked deficiencies in mitochondrial Fe-S cluster synthesis including an increase in mitochondrial iron levels, a decrease in the activities of Fe-S cluster enzymes, a decrease in respiratory function, and an increase in oxidative stress. Collectively, our results demonstrate that E9591 and LMT perturb mitochondrial Fe-S cluster biosynthesis; thus, these two compounds target a cellular pathway that is distinct from the pathways commonly targeted by clinically used antifungal drugs. Therefore, the identification of this pathway as a target for antifungal compounds has potential applications in the development of new antifungal therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Xu
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
| | - Qin Feng
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
| | | | - Xiaomin Shi
- the Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Xuewen Pan
- the Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Melanie M Mask
- the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Scott R Baerson
- the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | | | | | - Shabana I Khan
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Alice M Clark
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Ameeta K Agarwal
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research,
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma KK, Maurya IK, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Kumar V, Tikoo K, Jain R. Discovery of a Membrane-Active, Ring-Modified Histidine Containing Ultrashort Amphiphilic Peptide That Exhibits Potent Inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6607-6621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Sharma
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Indresh Kumar Maurya
- Department
of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferreira MC, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Gonçalves VN, Jacob MR, Khan S, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity of the endophytic fungi associated with the ancient and narrowly endemic neotropical plant Vellozia gigantea from the endangered Brazilian rupestrian grasslands. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Shenmar K, Sharma KK, Wangoo N, Maurya IK, Kumar V, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tikoo K, Jain R. Synthesis, stability and mechanistic studies of potent anticryptococcal hexapeptides. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:192-203. [PMID: 28363154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing incidents of cryptococcosis in immuno-compromised patients have created a need for novel drug therapies capable of eradicating the disease. The peptide-based drug therapy offers many advantages over the traditional therapeutic agents, which has been exploited in the present study by synthesizing a series of hexapeptides that exhibits promising activity against a panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and various pathogenic fungal strains; the most exemplary activity was observed against Cryptococcus neoformans. The peptides 3, 24, 32 and 36 displayed potent anticryptococcal activity (IC50 = 0.4-0.46 μg/mL, MIC = 0.63-1.25 μg/mL, MFC = 0.63-1.25 μg/mL), and stability under proteolytic conditions. Besides this, several other peptides displayed promising inhibition of pathogenic bacteria. The prominent ones include peptides 18-20, and 26 that exhibited IC50 values ranged between 2.1 and 3.6 μg/mL, MICs of 5-20 μg/mL and MBCs of 10-20 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The detailed mechanistic study on selected peptides demonstrated absolute selectivity towards the bacterial membranes and fungal cells by causing perturbations in the cell membranes, confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitika Shenmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Nishima Wangoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (U.I.E.T.), Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Indresh K Maurya
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi YN, Liu FF, Jacob MR, Li XC, Zhu HT, Wang D, Cheng RR, Yang CR, Xu M, Zhang YJ. Antifungal Amide Alkaloids from the Aerial Parts of Piper flaviflorum and Piper sarmentosum. Planta Med 2017; 83:143-150. [PMID: 27405106 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-three amide alkaloids, including three new, piperflaviflorine A (1), piperflaviflorine B (2), and sarmentamide D (4), and two previously synthesized ones, (1E,3S)-1-cinnamoyl-3- hydroxypyrrolidine (3) and N-[7'-(4'-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Piper flaviflorum and Piper sarmentosum. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and, in case of 3, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Most of the isolates were tested for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Ten amides (6-15) showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90 113 with IC50 values in the range between 4.7 and 20.0 µg/mL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiao H, Rao Ravu R, Tekwani BL, Li W, Liu WB, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Cai X, Peng CY, Khan IA, Li XC, Wang W. Biological evaluation of phytoconstituents from Polygonum hydropiper. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:2053-2057. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1269094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ranga Rao Ravu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Wei Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Xiong Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Yun Peng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development Laboratory, Sino-Luxemburg TCM Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zaki MA, Nanayakkara NPD, Hetta MH, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Mohammed R, Ibrahim MA, Samoylenko V, Coleman C, Fronczek FR, Ferreira D, Muhammad I. Bioactive Formylated Flavonoids from Eugenia rigida: Isolation, Synthesis, and X-ray Crystallography. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2341-2349. [PMID: 27618204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two new flavonoids, rac-6-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (1) and 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3'-methylchalcone (2), together with five known derivatives, rac-8-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (3), 4',6'-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy-3'-methyldihydrochalcone (4), rac-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methylflavanone (5), 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxy-5'-methyldihydrochalcone (6), and 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (7), were isolated from the leaves of Eugenia rigida. The individual (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of 1 and 3, together with the corresponding formylated flavones 8 (6-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavone) and 9 (8-formyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavone), as well as 2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone (10), 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxychalcone (11), and the corresponding 3'-formyl-2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (7) and 2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (12), were synthesized. The structures of the isolated and synthetic compounds were established via NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism data. In addition, the structures of 3, 5, and 8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. The isolated and synthetic flavonoids were evaluated for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities against a panel of microorganisms and solid tumor cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Zaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Mona H Hetta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rabab Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu Q, Ravu RR, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Agarwal AK, Yu BY, Li XC. Synthesis of Natural Acylphloroglucinol-Based Antifungal Compounds against Cryptococcus Species. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2195-2201. [PMID: 27584935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-three natural-product-based acylphloroglucinol derivatives were synthesized to identify antifungal compounds against Cryptococcus spp. that cause the life-threatening disseminated cryptococcosis. In vitro antifungal testing showed that 17 compounds were active against C. neoformans ATCC 90113, C. neoformans H99, and C. gattii ATCC 32609, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range 1.0-16.7 μg/mL. Analysis of the structure and antifungal activity of these compounds indicated that the 2,4-diacyl- and 2-acyl-4-alkylphloroglucinols were more active than O-alkyl-acylphloroglucinols. The most promising compound found was 2-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(4-isopropylbenzyl)phenyl)propan-1-one (11j), which exhibited potent antifungal activity (MICs, 1.5-2.1 μg/mL) and low cytotoxicity against the mammalian Vero and LLC-PK1 cell lines (IC50 values >50 μg/mL). This compound may serve as a template for further synthesis of new analogues with improved antifungal activity. The findings of the present work may contribute to future antifungal discovery toward pharmaceutical development of new treatments for cryptococcosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ndunda B, Langat MK, Mulholland DA, Eastman H, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Muhammad I, Kerubo LO, Midiwo JO. New ent-Clerodane and Abietane Diterpenoids from the Roots of Kenyan Croton megalocarpoides Friis & M. G. Gilbert. Planta Med 2016; 82:1079-1086. [PMID: 27286332 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The roots of the endangered medicinal plant Croton megalocarpoides collected in Kenya were investigated and twenty-two compounds isolated. Among them were twelve new ent-clerodane (1-12) and a new abietane (13) diterpenoids, alongside the known crotocorylifuran (4 a), two known abietane and four known ent-trachylobane diterpenoids, and the triterpenoids, lupeol and acetyl aleurotolic acid. The structures of the compounds were determined using NMR, HRMS and ECD. The isolated compounds were evaluated against a series of microorganisms (fungal and bacteria) and also against Plasmodium falciparum, however no activity was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Ndunda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Moses K Langat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Dulcie A Mulholland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Eastman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
| | | | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Bowling JJ, Smithson D, Clark J, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Connelly M, Samoylenko V, Ibrahim MA, Zaki MA, Wang M, Hester JP, Tu Y, Jeffries C, Twarog N, Shelat AA, Walker LA, Muhammad I, Guy RK. Diversity-oriented natural product platform identifies plant constituents targeting Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 2016; 15:270. [PMID: 27165106 PMCID: PMC4863362 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A diverse library of pre-fractionated plant extracts, generated by an automated high-throughput system, was tested using an in vitro anti-malarial screening platform to identify known or new natural products for lead development. The platform identifies hits on the basis of in vitro growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum and counter-screens for cytotoxicity to human foreskin fibroblast or embryonic kidney cell lines. The physical library was supplemented by early-stage collection of analytical data for each fraction to aid rapid identification of the active components within each screening hit. Results A total of 16,177 fractions from 1300 plants were screened, identifying several P. falciparum inhibitory fractions from 35 plants. Although individual fractions were screened for bioactivity to ensure adequate signal in the analytical characterizations, fractions containing less than 2.0 mg of dry weight were combined to produce combined fractions (COMBIs). Fractions of active COMBIs had EC50 values of 0.21–50.28 and 0.08–20.04 µg/mL against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains, respectively. In Berberis thunbergii, eight known alkaloids were dereplicated quickly from its COMBIs, but berberine was the most-active constituent against P. falciparum. The triterpenoids α-betulinic acid and β-betulinic acid of Eugenia rigida were also isolated as hits. Validation of the anti-malarial discovery platform was confirmed by these scaled isolations from B. thunbergii and E. rigida. Conclusions These results demonstrate the value of curating and exploring a library of natural products for small molecule drug discovery. Attention given to the diversity of plant species represented in the library, focus on practical analytical data collection, and the use of counter-screens all facilitate the identification of anti-malarial compounds for lead development or new tools for chemical biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1313-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - John J Bowling
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David Smithson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Clark
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michele Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Vladimir Samoylenko
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Keiser University, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed A Zaki
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - John P Hester
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Nathaniel Twarog
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Búfalo J, Cantrell CL, Jacob MR, Schrader KK, Tekwani BL, Kustova TS, Ali A, Boaro CSF. Antimicrobial and Antileishmanial Activities of Diterpenoids Isolated from the Roots of Salvia deserta. Planta Med 2016; 82:131-137. [PMID: 26308356 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Four diterpenes with biological activity were isolated from Salvia deserta roots. Taxodione was considered leishmanicidal with an IC50 value of 1.46 µM (0.46 mg/L) against Leishmania donovani and also exhibited antifungal and antimicrobial activities. Ferruginol displayed the greatest activity [24-h IC50 of 4.5 µM (1.29 mg/L)] against the fish pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus iniae. The crude extract fraction that contained the isolated compounds 7-O-acetylhorminone and horminone showed stronger in vitro antibacterial activity (1.3 mg/L for Staphylococcus aureus and 1.1 mg/L for methicillin-resistant S. aureus) than the compounds tested alone. 7-O-Acetylhorminone and horminone exhibited a synergistic effect against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (FIC of 0.2), and horminone had better activity against S. aureus with respect to other compounds isolated from S. deserta roots. In larvicidal bioassays, these extracts and isolated pure compounds did not show any activity at the highest dose of 125 mg/L against 1-d-old Aedes aegypti larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Búfalo
- Institute of Biosciences (IB), UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi, U. S. A
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, U. S. A
| | - Kevin K Schrader
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi, U. S. A
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, U. S. A
| | - Tatyana S Kustova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiriazeva, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Abbas Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, U. S. A
| | - Carmen S F Boaro
- Institute of Biosciences (IB), UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu Q, Ravu RR, Xu QM, Ganji S, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Yu BY, Li XC. Antibacterial Prenylated Acylphloroglucinols from Psorothamnus fremontii. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:2748-2753. [PMID: 26469557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Psorothatins A-C (1-3), three antibacterial prenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives, were isolated from the native American plant Psorothamnus fremontii. They feature an unusual α,β-epoxyketone functionality and a β-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketone structural moiety. The latter forms a pseudo-six-membered heterocyclic ring due to strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding, as indicated by the long-range proton-carbon correlations in the NMR experiments. Psorothatin C (3) was the most active compound against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, with IC50 values in the range 1.4-8.8 μg/mL. The first total synthesis of 3 described herein permits future access to structural analogues with potentially improved antibacterial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gonçalves VN, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Ferreira MC, Soares MA, Jacob MR, Oliveira FS, Galante D, Rodrigues F, Alves TMA, Zani CL, Junior PAS, Murta S, Romanha AJ, Barbosa EC, Kroon EG, Oliveira JG, Gomez-Silva B, Galetovic A, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert: taxonomy, distribution, diversity, ecology and bioprospection for bioactive compounds. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:232-45. [PMID: 26235221 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the diversity of cultivable rock-associated fungi from Atacama Desert. A total of 81 fungal isolates obtained were identified as 29 Ascomycota taxa by sequencing different regions of DNA. Cladosporium halotolerans, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium cf. citrinum were the most frequent species, which occur at least in four different altitudes. The diversity and similarity indices ranged in the fungal communities across the latitudinal gradient. The Fisher-α index displayed the higher values for the fungal communities obtained from the siltstone and fine matrix of pyroclastic rocks with finer grain size, which are more degraded. A total of 23 fungal extracts displayed activity against the different targets screened. The extract of P. chrysogenum afforded the compounds α-linolenic acid and ergosterol endoperoxide, which were active against Cryptococcus neoformans and methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Our study represents the first report of a new habitat of fungi associated with rocks of the Atacama Desert and indicated the presence of interesting fungal community, including species related with saprobes, parasite/pathogen and mycotoxigenic taxa. The geological characteristics of the rocks, associated with the presence of rich resident/resilient fungal communities suggests that the rocks may provide a favourable microenvironment fungal colonization, survival and dispersal in extreme conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vívian N Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - David E Wedge
- United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Mariana C Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Soares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Fabio S Oliveira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Douglas Galante
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rodrigues
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia M A Alves
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Silvane Murta
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alvaro J Romanha
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Emerson C Barbosa
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erna G Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Benito Gomez-Silva
- Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alexandra Galetovic
- Biomedical Department and Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ravu RR, Jacob MR, Jeffries C, Tu Y, Khan SI, Agarwal AK, Guy RK, Walker LA, Clark AM, Li XC. LC-MS- and (1)H NMR Spectroscopy-Guided Identification of Antifungal Diterpenoids from Sagittaria latifolia. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:2255-2259. [PMID: 26371504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal screening of small-molecule natural product libraries showed that a column fraction (CF) derived from the plant extract of Sagittaria latifolia was active against the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Dereplication analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) indicated the presence of new compounds in this CF. Subsequent fractionation of the plant extract resulted in the identification of two new isopimaradiene-type diterpenoids, 1 and 2. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by chemical methods and spectroscopic analysis as isopimara-7,15-dien-19-ol 19-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside and isopimara-7,15-dien-19-ol 19-O-α-l-(5'-acetoxy)arabinofuranoside, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited IC50 values of 3.7 and 1.8 μg/mL, respectively, against C. neoformans and C. gattii. Its aglycone, isopimara-7,15-dien-19-ol (3), resulting from acid hydrolysis of 1, was also active against the two fungal pathogens, with IC50 values of 9.2 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively. This study demonstrates that utilization of the combined LC-MS and (1)H NMR analytical tools is an improved chemical screening approach for hit prioritization in natural product drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | | | | | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tabanca N, Demirci B, Ali A, I. Khan S, R. Jacob M, Aytac Z, A. Khan I. Chemical Composition, Biting Deterrent, Antimalarial and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Hypericum scabrum L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/157340721102150820124215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
23
|
Radwan MM, Wanas AS, Fronczek FR, Jacob MR, Ross SA. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the marine organisms Lendenfeldia dendyi and Sinularia dura with anti-MRSa activity. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Ravu RR, Jacob MR, Chen X, Wang M, Nasrin S, Kloepper JW, Liles MR, Mead DA, Khan IA, Li XC. Bacillusin A, an Antibacterial Macrodiolide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP183. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:924-8. [PMID: 25756620 DOI: 10.1021/np500911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the organic extracts of a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain (AP183) led to the discovery of a new macrocyclic polyene antibiotic, bacillusin A (1). Its structure was assigned by interpretation of NMR and MS spectroscopic data as a novel macrodiolide composed of dimeric 4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-alkenylbenzoic acid lactones with conjugated pentaene-hexahydroxy polyketide chains. Compound 1 showed potent antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium with minimum inhibitory concentrations in a range of 0.6 to 1.2 μg/mL. The biosynthetic significance of this unique class of antibiotic compounds is briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Mead
- ⊥Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Masila VM, Midiwo JO, Zhang J, Gisacho BM, Munayi R, Omosa LK, Wiggers FT, Jacob MR, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Anti-Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis Activities of (-)-Gossypol and Derivatives from Thespesia garckeana. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The root extract of Thespesia garckeana yielded three known oxidatively coupled sesquiterpenoids, namely (-)-gossypol (1) and two of its derivatives (-)-6-methoxygossypol (2) and (+)-6,6′-dimethoxygossypol (3), and the stem bark afforded ( E)-docosyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate (4), stigmasterol (5) and betulinic acid (6). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of full spectral data (1D and 2D NMR and HRMS) and comparison with literature values. Compound 1 showed potent antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 1.71/4.82/19.31 μM, respectively, whereas the reference standard vancomycin was found to be inactive. The mono- and di-methoxylated derivatives of this compound, (-)-6-methoxygossypol (2) and (+)-6,6′-dimethoxygossypol (3), were less active with respective IC50/MIC/MBC values of 2.73/4.70/9.40 μM and 6.14/18.32/18.32 μM against this microbe. Compound 2 was more potent than 1 against the low level VRE strain with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 4.34/9.40/9.40 μM ( vs 5.23/19.31/19.31μM for 1). This compound also showed interesting activities against Candida glabrata with an IC50 value of 2.97 μM, but was less active against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) exhibiting an IC50 value of 17.33 μM. Compound 1 demonstrated modest activity against the other microbes tested including C. glabrata, S. aureus and MRSA with IC50 values of 0.73, 9.15 and 8.99 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M. Masila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Bonface M. Gisacho
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Renee Munayi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Leonidah K. Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Frank T. Wiggers
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Centre for Natural Products Research and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Masila VM, Midiwo JO, Zhang J, Gisacho BM, Munayi R, Omosa LK, Wiggers FT, Jacob MR, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Anti-vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis activities of (-)-gossypol and derivatives from Thespesia garckeana. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:613-616. [PMID: 25973489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The root extract of Thespesia garckeana yielded three known oxidatively coupled sesquiterpenoids, namely (-)-gossypol (1) and two of its derivatives (-)-6-methoxygossypol (2) and (+)-6,6'-dimethoxygossypol (3), and the stem bark afforded (E)-docosyl-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) acrylate (4), stigmasterol (5) and betulinic acid (6). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of full spectral data (1D and 2D NMR and HRMS) and comparison with literature values. Compound 1 showed potent antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 1.71/4.82/19.31 µM, respectively, whereas the reference standard vancomycin was found to be inactive. The mono- and di-methoxylated derivatives of this compound, (-)-6-methoxygossypol (2) and (+)-6,6'-dimethoxygossypol (3), were less active with respective IC50/MIC/MBC values of 2.73/4.70/9.40 µM and 6.14/18.32/18.32 µM against this microbe. Compound 2 was more potent than 1 against the low level VRE strain with I50/MIC/MBC values of 4.34/9.40/9.40 µM (vs 5.23/19.31/19.3 µM for 1). This compound also showed interesting activities against Candida glabrata with an I50 value of 2.97 µM, but was less active against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) exhibiting an IC50 value of 17.33 µM. Compound 1 demonstrated modest activity against the
Collapse
|
27
|
Park JB, Prodduturi S, Morott J, Kulkarni VI, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Stodghill SP, Repka MA. Development of an antifungal denture adhesive film for oral candidiasis utilizing hot melt extrusion technology. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1-13. [PMID: 25169007 PMCID: PMC5629914 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.949235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The overall goal of this research was to produce a stable hot-melt extruded 'Antifungal Denture Adhesive film' (ADA) system for the treatment of oral candidiasis. METHODS The ADA systems with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and/or polyethylene oxide (PEO) containing clotrimazole (10%) or nystatin (10%) were extruded utilizing a lab scale twin-screw hot-melt extruder. Rolls of the antifungal-containing films were collected and subsequently die-cut into shapes adapted for a maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) denture. RESULTS Differential scanning calorimeter and powder X-ray diffraction results indicated that the crystallinity of both APIs was changed to amorphous phase after hot-melt extrusion. The ADA system, containing blends of HPC and PEO, enhanced the effectiveness of the antimicrobials a maximum of fivefold toward the inhibition of cell adherence of Candida albicans to mammalian cells/Vero cells. Remarkably, a combination of the two polymers without drug also demonstrated a 38% decrease in cell adhesion to the fungi due to the viscosity and the flexibility of the polymers. Drug-release profiles indicated that both drug concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans within 10 min and was maintained for over 10 h. In addition, based on the IC50 and MIC values, it was observed that the antifungal activities of both drugs were increased significantly in the ADA systems. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, the ADA system may be used for primary, prophylaxis or adjunct treatment of oral or pharyngeal candidiasis via controlled release of the antifungal agent from the polymer matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bom Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Suneela Prodduturi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Joe Morott
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Vijay I. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Steven P. Stodghill
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social & Administrative Sciences, Belmont University College of Pharmacy, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA,Address for correspondence: Michael A. Repka, D.D.S., Ph.D., Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmaceutics, Director, Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Phone: 662-915-1155, Fax: 662-915-1177,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mahindra A, Bagra N, Wangoo N, Jain R, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Jain R. Synthetically modified L-histidine-rich peptidomimetics exhibit potent activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3150-4. [PMID: 24878194 PMCID: PMC4065882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of structurally new peptidomimetics, rich in synthetically modified L-histidine. Two series of tripeptidomimetics were synthesized by varying lipophilicity at the C-2 position of L-histidine and at the N- and C-terminus. The data indicates that peptides (5f, 6f, 9f and 10f) possessing highly lipophilic adamantan-1-yl group displayed strong inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans. Peptide 6f is the most potent of all with IC50 and MFC values of 0.60 and 0.63 μg/mL, respectively, compared to the commercial drug amphotericin B (IC50=0.69 and MFC=1.25 μg/mL). The selectivity of these peptides to microbial pathogen was examined by a tryptophan fluorescence quenching study and transmission electron microscopy. These studies indicate that the peptides plausibly interact with the mimic membrane of pathogen by direct insertion, and results in disruption of membrane of pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mahindra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Nitin Bagra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Nishima Wangoo
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Rohan Jain
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Falodun A, Imieje V, Erharuyi O, Ahomafor J, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Hamann MT. Evaluation of three medicinal plant extracts against Plasmodium falciparum and selected microganisms. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2014; 11:142-6. [PMID: 25392594 PMCID: PMC4202410 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great revival of scientific interests in drug discovery has been witnessed in recent years from medicinal plants for health maintenance. The aim of this work was to investigate three Nigerian medicinal plants collected in Nigeria for their in vitro antiplasmodial and antimicrobial activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts obtained from parts of Persea americana, Jatropha podagrica and Picralima nitida and their fractions were evaluated for in vitro antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activity. RESULT The methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum clones with IC50 values of 6.3 and 6.0 µg/mL, respectively. Methanol and chloroform extracts of P. americana seed showed antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans IC50 less than 8 and 8.211 µg/mL respectively. Finally, the petroleum ether extract of P. americana had activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with an IC50 value of 8.7 µg/mL. CONCLUSION The study revealed the antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of the plants extracts at the tested concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Falodun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria ; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University, University of Mississippi, MS 38655, USA
| | - Vincent Imieje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria ; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Restock, 18509, Restock, Germany
| | - Osayewenre Erharuyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria ; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Restock, 18509, Restock, Germany
| | - Joy Ahomafor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- Center for for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- Center for for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University, University of Mississippi, MS 38655, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mahindra A, Sharma KK, Rathore D, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Jain R. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of His(2-aryl)-Arg and Trp-His(2-aryl) Classes of Dipeptidomimetics. Medchemcomm 2014; 5:671-676. [PMID: 24976942 PMCID: PMC4066839 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00041b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report the design, synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity of ultra short peptidomimetics. Besides producing promising antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), the dipeptidomimetics exhibited high antifungal activity against C. neoformans with IC50 values in the range of 0.16-19 μg/mL. The most potent analogs exhibited 4-fold higher activity than the currently used drug amphotericin B, with no apparent cytotoxicity in a panel of mammalian cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mahindra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Krishna K. Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Dinesh Rathore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Shabana. I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang J, Liang Q, Wang M, Jeffries C, Smithson D, Tu Y, Boulos N, Jacob MR, Shelat AA, Wu Y, Ravu RR, Gilbertson R, Avery MA, Khan IA, Walker LA, Guy RK, Li XC. UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA as a powerful dereplication tool to facilitate compound identification from small-molecule natural product libraries. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:902-9. [PMID: 24617915 PMCID: PMC4784093 DOI: 10.1021/np4009706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The generation of natural product libraries containing column fractions, each with only a few small molecules, using a high-throughput, automated fractionation system, has made it possible to implement an improved dereplication strategy for selection and prioritization of leads in a natural product discovery program. Analysis of databased UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA information of three leads from a biological screen employing the ependymoma cell line EphB2-EPD generated details on the possible structures of active compounds present. The procedure allows the rapid identification of known compounds and guides the isolation of unknown compounds of interest. Three previously known flavanone-type compounds, homoeriodictyol (1), hesperetin (2), and sterubin (3), were identified in a selected fraction derived from the leaves of Eriodictyon angustifolium. The lignan compound deoxypodophyllotoxin (8) was confirmed to be an active constituent in two lead fractions derived from the bark and leaves of Thuja occidentalis. In addition, two new but inactive labdane-type diterpenoids with an uncommon triol side chain were also identified as coexisting with deoxypodophyllotoxin in a lead fraction from the bark of T. occidentalis. Both diterpenoids were isolated in acetylated form, and their structures were determined as 14S,15-diacetoxy-13R-hydroxylabd-8(17)-en-19-oic acid (9) and 14R,15-diacetoxy-13S-hydroxylabd-8(17)-en-19-oic acid (10), respectively, by spectroscopic data interpretation and X-ray crystallography. This work demonstrates that a UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA database produced during fractionation may be used as a powerful dereplication tool to facilitate compound identification from chromatographically tractable small-molecule natural product libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Smithson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nidal Boulos
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Anang A. Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yunshan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ranga Rao Ravu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Richard Gilbertson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Avery
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mahindra A, Bagra N, Wangoo N, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Jain R. Discovery of Short Peptides Exhibiting High Potency against Cryptococcus neoformans. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:315-20. [PMID: 24900833 DOI: 10.1021/ml500011v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid increase in the emergence of resistance against existing antifungal drugs created a need to discover new structural classes of antifungal agents. In this study we describe the synthesis of a new structural class of short antifungal peptidomimetcis, their activity, and plausible mechanism of action. The results of the study show that peptides 11e and 11f are more potent than the control drug amphotericin B, with no cytotoxicity to human cancer cells and noncancerous mammalian kidney cells. The selectivity of peptides to fungus is depicted by transmission electron microscopy studies, and it revealed that 11e possibly disrupts the model membrane of the fungal pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Mahindra
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Nitin Bagra
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Nishima Wangoo
- Center
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahmed MH, Ibrahim MA, Zhang J, Melek FR, El-Hawary SS, Jacob MR, Muhammad I. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium active Dimeric Isobutyrylphloroglucinol from Ivesia gordonii. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform soluble fraction of stem, leaf, and flower extracts of the American plant Ivesia gordonii led to the isolation of a new dimeric acylphloroglucinol, 3,3′-diisobutyryl-2,6′-dimethoxy-4,6,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-5,5′dimethyldiphenyl methane (1), to which we have assigned the trivial name of ivesinol (1), together with a known monomeric acylphloroglucinol, 1,5-dihydroxy-2-(2′-methylpropionyl)-3-methoxy-6-methylbenzene (2). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized using 1D- and 2D- NMR spectroscopy, including COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and ROESY experiments, as well as mass spectrometry. Ivesinol (1) showed potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 0.10/1.25/>20 μg/mL and 0.05/0.31/>20 μg/mL, respectively (vs. IC50/MIC/MBC 0.13/0.5/1.0 μg/mL and 0.13/0.5/1.0 μg/mL of ciprofloxacin), while the corresponding monomer 2 was found to be less active. Compound 1 also demonstrated strong activity against vancomycin-resistant Enteococcus faecium ( VRE) with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 0.22/1.25/>20 μg/mL, whereas the reference standard ciprofloxacin was found to be inactive against this strain. In addition, compound 2 showed moderate activity against two species of Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans, while 1 was inactive against these fungi. In order to evaluate the influence of the acyl group(s) in phloroglucinol (3) as a ligand, the mono- (4) and diacetylphloroglucinol (5) were prepared from 3, and evaluated for their in vitro SA, MRSA, and VRE activities; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (5) showed potent activity, like 1, against SA, MRSA, and VRE (ATCC 700221) with IC50/ MIC values of 0.3/2.5, 0.23/2.5, and 0.86/2.5 μg/mL, respectively, while 4 was inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H. Ahmed
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Farouk R. Melek
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Seham S. El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ahmed MH, Ibrahim MA, Zhang J, Melek FR, El-Hawary SS, Jacob MR, Muhammad I. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium active dimeric isobutyrylphloroglucinol from Ivesia gordonii. Nat Prod Commun 2014; 9:221-224. [PMID: 24689296 PMCID: PMC4130393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the chloroform soluble fraction of stem, leaf, and flower extracts of the American plant Ivesia gordonii led to the isolation of a new dimeric acylphloroglucinol, 3,3'-diisobutyryl-2,6'-dimethoxy-4,6,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-5,5'dimethyldiphenyl methane (1), to which we have assigned the trivial name ofivesinol (1), together with a known monomeric acylphloroglucinol, 1,5-dihydroxy-2-(2'-methylpropionyl)-3-methoxy-6-methylbenzene (2). The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized using 1D- and 2D- NMR spectroscopy, including COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and ROESYexperiments, as well as mass spectrometry. Ivesinol (1) showed potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with IC50/MIC/MBC values of 0.10/1.25/>20 microg/mL and 0.05/0.31/>20 microg/mL, respectively (vs. IC50/MIC/MBC 0.13/0.5/1.0 microg/mL and 0.13/0.5/1.0 microg/mL of ciprofloxacin), while the corresponding monomer 2 was found to be less active. Compound 1 also demonstrated strong activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) with IC50/MlC/MBC values of 0.22/1.25/>20 microg/mL, whereas the reference standard ciprofloxacin was found to be inactive against this strain. In addition, compound 2 showed moderate activity against two species of Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans, while 1 was inactive against these fungi. In order to evaluate the influence of the acyl group(s) in phloroglucinol (3) as a ligand, the mono- (4) and diacetylphloroglucinol (5) were prepared from 3, and evaluated for their in vitro SA, MRSA, and VRE activities; 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (5) showed potent activity, like 1, against SA, MRSA, and VRE (ATCC 700221) with IC50/MIC values of 0.3/2.5, 0.23/2.5, and 0.86/2.5 microg/mL, respectively, while 4 was inactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H. Ahmed
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Farouk R. Melek
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Seham S. El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bolden S, Zhu XY, Etukala JR, Boateng C, Mazu T, Flores-Rozas H, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Walker LA, Ablordeppey SY. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and preliminary mode of action studies of 3-substituted benzylthioquinolinium iodide as anti-opportunistic infection agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:130-42. [PMID: 24141203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic infections are devastating to immunocompromised patients. And in especially sub-Saharan Africa where the AIDS epidemic is still raging, the mortality rate was recently as high as 70%. The paucity of anti-opportunistic drugs, the decreasing efficacy and the development of resistance against the azoles and even amphotericin B have stimulated the search for new drugs with new mechanisms of action. In a previous work, we showed that a new chemotype derived from the natural product cryptolepine displayed selective toxicity against opportunistic pathogens with minimal cytotoxicity to normal cells. In this manuscript, we report the design and synthesis of substituted benzylthioquinolinium iodides, evaluated their anti-infective properties and formulated some initial structure-activity relationships around phenyl ring A from the original natural product. The sensitivity of the most potent analog 10l, to selected strains of C. cerevisiae was also evaluated leading to the observation that this scaffold may have a different mode of action from its predecessor, cryptolepine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Bolden
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bolden S, Boateng CA, Zhu XY, Etukala JR, Eyunni SK, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Ablordeppey SY. CoMFA studies and in vitro evaluation of some 3-substituted benzylthio quinolinium salts as anticryptococcal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7194-201. [PMID: 24080102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 3-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) molecular modeling technique or comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) has been used to design analogs of the natural product cryptolepine (1). Twenty-three compounds with their in vitro biological activities (IC50 values) against Crytococcus neoformans were used to generate the training set database of compounds for the CoMFA studies. The cross-validated q(2), noncross-validated r(2), and partial least squares (PLS) analysis results were used to predict the biological activity of 11 newly designed test set compounds. The best CoMFA model produced a q(2) of 0.815 and an r(2) of 0.976 indicating high statistical significance as a predictive model. The steric and electrostatic contributions from the contour map were interpreted from the color-coded contour plots generated from the PLS model and the active structural components for potency against C. neoformans were determined and validated in the test set compounds. The 3-substituted benzylthio quinolinium salts (4) that make up the test set were synthesized and evaluated based on the predicted activity from the CoMFA model and the results produced a good correlation between the predicted and experimental activity (R=0.82). Thus, CoMFA has served as an effective tool to aid the design of new analogs and in this case, it has aided the identification of compounds equipotent with amphotericin B, the gold standard in antifungal drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Bolden
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ravu RR, Chen YL, Jacob MR, Pan X, Agarwal AK, Khan SI, Heitman J, Clark AM, Li XC. Synthesis and antifungal activities of miltefosine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4828-31. [PMID: 23891181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Miltefosine is an alkylphosphocholine that shows broad-spectrum in vitro antifungal activities and limited in vivo efficacy in mouse models of cryptococcosis. To further explore the potential of this class of compounds for the treatment of systemic mycoses, nine analogs (3a-3i) were synthesized by modifying the choline structural moiety and the alkyl chain length of miltefosine. In vitro testing of these compounds against the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Cryptococcus neoformans revealed that N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-{[(hexadecyloxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy}ethanaminium inner salt (3a), N,N-dimethyl-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-2-{[(hexadecyloxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy}ethanaminium inner salt (3d), and N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-{[(hexadecyloxy)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy}ethanaminium inner salt (3e) exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2.5-5.0 μg/mL against all tested pathogens, when compared to miltefosine with MICs of 2.5-3.3 μg/mL. Compound 3a showed low in vitro cytotoxicity against three mammalian cell lines similar to miltefosine. In vivo testing of 3a and miltefosine against C. albicans in a mouse model of systemic infection did not demonstrate efficacy. The results of this study indicate that further investigation will be required to determine the potential usefulness of the alkylphosphocholines in the treatment of invasive fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Rao Ravu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Machumi F, Midiwo JO, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Zhang J, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antiplasmodial Investigations of Terminalia brownii. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:761-764. [PMID: 25553207 PMCID: PMC4278643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of stem bark extract of an African medicinal plant Terminalia brownii led to the isolation of a new oleanane-type triterpenoid, along with seven known triterpenoids, seven ellagic acid derivatives, and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol. The new compound was identified using spectroscopic methods, notably 1D- and 2D NMR, as 3β,24-O-ethylidenyl-2α,19α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. Two compounds with a galloyl group (4 and 6) were found to be active against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and chloroquine resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, whereas three ellagic acid derivatives (5-7) were found active against three species of fungi and one species of bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Machumi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Machumi F, Midiwo JO, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Zhang J, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antiplasmodial Investigations of Terminalia brownii. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of stem bark extract of an African medicinal plant Terminalia brownii led to the isolation of a new oleanane-type triterpenoid, along with seven known triterpenoids, seven ellagic acid derivatives, and 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol. The new compound was identified using spectroscopic methods, notably 1D- and 2D NMR, as 3β,24- O-ethylidenyl-2α,19α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. Two compounds with a galloyl group (4 and 6) were found to be active against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and chloroquine resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, whereas three ellagic acid derivatives (5–7) were found active against three species of fungi and one species of bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Machumi
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Departments of Pharmacognosy and School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bharate SB, Bharate JB, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Jacob MR, Mudududdla R, Yadav RR, Singh B, Sharma PR, Maity S, Singh B, Khan IA, Vishwakarma RA. Discovery of 3,3'-diindolylmethanes as potent antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:435-43. [PMID: 23517732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for synthesis of 3,3'-diindolylmethanes using recyclable Fe-pillared interlayered clay (Fe-PILC) catalyst under aqueous medium has been developed. All synthesized 3,3'-diindolylmethanes showed promising antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes as well as axenic amastigotes. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that nitroaryl substituted diindolylmethanes showed potent antileishmanial activity. The 4-nitrophenyl linked 3,3'-diindolylmethane 8g was found to be the most potent antileishmanial analog showing IC50 values of 7.88 and 8.37 μM against both L. donovani promastigotes and amastigotes, respectively. Further, a pharmacophore based QSAR model was established to understand the crucial molecular features of 3,3'-diindolylmethanes essential for potent antileishmanial activity. These compounds also exhibited promising antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, wherein fluorophenyl substituted 3,3'-diindolylmethanes were found to be most potent antifungal agents. Developed synthetic protocol will be useful for economical and eco-friendly synthesis of potent antileishmanial and antifungal 3,3'-diindolylmethane class of compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bharate SB, Yadav RR, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Jacob MR, Khan IA, Vishwakarma RA. Meridianin G and its analogs as antimalarial agents. Med Chem Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00097d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Ilias M, Ibrahim MA, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Walker LA, Samoylenko V. Pentacyclic ingamine alkaloids, a new antiplasmodial pharmacophore from the marine sponge Petrosid Ng5 Sp5. Planta Med 2012; 78:1690-1697. [PMID: 22903383 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1315213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two new pentacyclic ingamine alkaloids, namely 22(S)-hydroxyingamine A (2) and dihydroingenamine D (3), together with the known ingamine A (1), have been isolated from marine sponge Petrosid Ng5 Sp5 (family Petrosiidae) obtained from the open repository of the National Cancer Institute, USA. The structures of compounds 1-3 were determined using 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS techniques. The absolute configuration of both the C9 and C22 of 2 was determined as (S) using a modified Mosher esterification method. Compounds 1 and 3 showed strong antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and -resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ values of 90 and 78 ng/mL and 72 and 57 ng/mL, respectively, while 2 was found to be less active (IC₅₀ values of 200 and 140 ng/mL, respectively). Compounds 1-3 were found to be devoid of in vitro cytotoxicity against human solid tumor cells of breast (BT-549), ovary (SK-OV-3), and epidermoid (KB) carcinomas and skin melanoma (SK-MEL), as well as against noncancerous monkey kidney fibroblasts (VERO) and pig kidney epithelial (LLC-PK₁₁) cells, up to a maximum concentration of 10 µg/mL. Compounds 1-3 also displayed weak antimicrobial and moderate antileishmanial activities against Leishmania donovani promastigotes. These polycyclic ingamine alkaloids represent the first example of antiplasmodial leads without a β-carboline ring, which is known to be responsible for the cytotoxicity of the well-known manzamine class of marine alkaloids related to 1-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ilias
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kaur K, Jain M, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Singh S, Singh PP, Jain R. Amino acid, dipeptide and pseudodipeptide conjugates of ring-substituted 8-aminoquinolines: Synthesis and evaluation of anti-infective, β-haematin inhibition and cytotoxic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 52:230-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
44
|
Zhang X, Jacob MR, Rao RR, Wang YH, Agarwal AK, Newman DJ, Khan IA, Clark AM, Li XC. Antifungal cyclic peptides from the marine sponge Microscleroderma herdmani.. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 2:7-14. [PMID: 23936761 DOI: 10.2147/rrmc.s30895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Screening natural product extracts from the National Cancer Institute Open Repository for antifungal discovery afforded hits for bioassay-guided fractionation. Using LC-MS analysis to generate chemical structure information on potentially active compounds, two new cyclic hexapeptides, microsclerodermins J (1) and K (2), were isolated from the deep-water sponge Microscleroderma herdmani, along with microsclerodermins A (3) and B (4), previously isolated from an unidentified Microscleroderma species. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. In vitro antifungal testing showed that the four compounds possessed strong activities against the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Agarwal AK, Tripathi SK, Xu T, Jacob MR, Li XC, Clark AM. Exploring the molecular basis of antifungal synergies using genome-wide approaches. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:115. [PMID: 22470373 PMCID: PMC3313066 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance poses a significant challenge in antifungal therapy since resistance has been found for all known classes of antifungal drugs. The discovery of compounds that can act synergistically with antifungal drugs is an important strategy to overcome resistance. For such combination therapies to be effective, it is critical to understand the molecular basis for the synergism by examining the cellular effects exerted by the combined drugs. Genomic profiling technologies developed in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been successfully used to investigate antifungal combinations. This review discusses how these technologies have been used not only to identify synergistic mechanisms but also to predict drug synergies. It also discusses how genome-wide genetic interaction studies have been combined with drug–target information to differentiate between antifungal drug synergies that are target-specific versus those that are non-specific. The investigation of the mechanism of action of antifungal synergies will undoubtedly advance the development of optimal and safe combination therapies for the treatment of drug-resistant fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameeta K Agarwal
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi University, MS, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rahman AA, Samoylenko V, Jain SK, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Midiwo JO, Hester JP, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Antiparasitic and antimicrobial isoflavanquinones from Abrus schimperi. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:1645-1650. [PMID: 22224279 PMCID: PMC3684011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The EtOH extract of Abrus schimperi (Fabaceae), collected in Kenya, demonstrated significant activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC50 value of 3.6 microg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of CHCl3 fraction using Centrifugal Preparative TLC afforded two antiparasitic isoflavanquinones, namely amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2). They displayed IC50 values of 0.63 microg/mL and 0.43 microg/mL, respectively, against L. donovani promastigotes. Both the compounds were also evaluated against L. donovani axenic amastigotes and amastigotes in THPI macrophage cultures. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 strains, while 2 displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (each IC50 1.44 microg/mL). The 1H and 13C data of 1, not fully assigned previously, were unambiguously assigned using 1D and 2D NMR HMBC and HMQC experiments. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of the isolated compounds 1 and 2 was revised as C-(3S) based on Circular Dichroism experiments. This appears to be the first report of amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2) from the genus Abrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz A Rahman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rahman AA, Samoylenko V, Jain SK, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Midiwo JO, Hester JP, Walker LA, Muhammad I. Antiparasitic and Antimicrobial Isoflavanquinones from Abrus schimperi. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The EtOH extract of Abrus schimperi (Fabaceae), collected in Kenya, demonstrated significant activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC50 value of 3.6 μg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation of CHCl3 fraction using Centrifugal Preparative TLC afforded two antiparasitic isoflavanquinones, namely amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2). They displayed IC50 values of 0.63 μg/mL and 0.43 μg/mL, respectively, against L. donovani promastigotes. Both the compounds were also evaluated against L. donovani axenic amastigotes and amastigotes in THP1 macrophage cultures. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 strains, while 2 displayed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (each IC50 1.44 μg/mL). The 1H and 13C data of 1, not fully assigned previously, were unambiguously assigned using 1D and 2D NMR HMBC and HMQC experiments. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of the isolated compounds 1 and 2 was revised as C-(3 S) based on Circular Dichroism experiments. This appears to be the first report of amorphaquinone (1) and pendulone (2) from the genus Abrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz A. Rahman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Volodymyr Samoylenko
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Surendra K. Jain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Jacob O. Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197 (00100), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John P. Hester
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dai L, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Khan IA, Clark AM, Li XC. Synthesis and antifungal activity of natural product-based 6-alkyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridines. J Nat Prod 2011; 74:2023-2026. [PMID: 21905650 PMCID: PMC3189850 DOI: 10.1021/np200644s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seven 6-alkyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridines (5a-5g) that mimic the natural piperideines that were recently identified in fire ant venom have been synthesized. Compounds 5c-5g with C-6 alkyl chain lengths from C14 to C18 showed varying degrees of antifungal activities, with 5e (6-hexadecyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine) and 5f (6-heptadecyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine) being the most active. Compound 5e exhibited minimum fungicidal concentrations of 3.8, 15.0, 7.5, and 7.5 μg/mL against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei, respectively. The antifungal activities of these compounds appear to be associated with the C-6 side chain length. This study represents the first effort to evaluate antifungal activities of synthetic analogues of the newly identified fire ant venom alkaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Dai
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Alice M. Clark
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rahman AA, Samoylenko V, Jacob MR, Sahu R, Jain SK, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Muhammad I. Antiparasitic and antimicrobial indolizidines from the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa. Planta Med 2011; 77:1639-1643. [PMID: 21384317 PMCID: PMC3700807 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new indolizidine alkaloid, named Δ¹,⁶-juliprosopine (1), together with previously known indolizidine analogs (2- 6), was isolated from the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa, collected from Nevada, USA; while two other known indolizidines, juliprosopine (6) and juliprosine (7), were isolated from P. glandulosa leaves collected in Texas, USA. The structures of compound 1 and 7 were determined using a combination of NMR and MS techniques. Compound 7 exhibited potent antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum D6 and W2 strains with IC (50) values of 170 and 150 ng/mL, respectively, while 1 was found to be less active (IC₅₀ values 560 and 600 ng/mL, respectively). Both compounds were devoid of VERO cells toxicity up to a concentration of 23 800 ng/mL. The antileishmanial activity of indolizidines was evaluated against Leishmania donovani promastigotes, axenic amastigotes, and amastigotes in THP1 macrophage cultures. When tested against macrophage cultures, the tertiary bases (1, 3, 6) were found to be more potent than quaternary salts (2, 5, 7), displaying IC₅₀ values between 0.8-1.7 µg/mL and 3.1-6.0 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, compound 7 showed potent antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium intracellulare, while 1 was potent only against C. neoformans and weakly active against other organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Abdur Rahman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Volodymyr Samoylenko
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Surendra K Jain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Analogs of curcuphenol/elvirol, naturally occurring bisabolane sesquiterpenes, were prepared in six steps from alkyl-α-tetralones employing an aromatization reaction of cyclic dienone precursors and olefination of the key aldehyde intermediates. The in vitro antifungal activities of 6a, 6b, 6d, and 6g are also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María F. Plano
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK-Rosario, ARGENTINA
| | - Guillermo R. Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK-Rosario, ARGENTINA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Raquel M. Cravero
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK-Rosario, ARGENTINA
| |
Collapse
|