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Svensson M, Strand GC, Bonander C, Johansson N, Jakobsson N. Analyses of quality of life in cancer drug trials - a review of measurements and analytical choices in post-reimbursement studies. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:311. [PMID: 38448848 PMCID: PMC10916053 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For drugs reimbursed with limited evidence of patient benefits, confirmatory evidence of overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL) benefits is important. For QoL data to serve as valuable input to patients and decision-makers, it must be measured and analyzed using appropriate methods. We aimed to assess the measurement and analyses of post-reimbursement QoL data for cancer drugs introduced in Swedish healthcare with limited evidence at the time of reimbursement. METHODS We reviewed any published post-reimbursement trial data on QoL for cancer drugs reimbursed in Sweden between 2010 and 2020 with limited evidence of improvement in QoL and OS benefits at the time of reimbursement. We extracted information on the instruments used, frequency of measurement, extent of missing data, statistical approaches, and the use of pre-registration and study protocols. RESULTS Out of 22 drugs satisfying our inclusion criteria, we identified published QoL data for 12 drugs in 22 studies covering multiple cancer types. The most frequently used QoL instruments were EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-3/5L. We identified three areas needing improvement in QoL measurement and analysis: (i) motivation for the frequency of measurements, (ii) handling of the substantial missing data problem, and (iii) inclusion and adherence to QoL analyses in clinical trial pre-registration and study protocols. CONCLUSIONS Our review shows that the measurements and analysis of QoL data in our sample of cancer trials covering drugs initially reimbursed without any confirmed QoL or OS evidence have significant room for improvement. The increasing use of QoL assessments must be accompanied by a stricter adherence to best-practice guidelines to provide valuable input to patients and decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Svensson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Dr, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gabriella Chauca Strand
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Bonander
- School of Public Health & Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Societal Risk Research, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Naimi Johansson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
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Johansson N, Jakobsson N, Svensson M. Place or patient as the driver of regional variation in healthcare spending - Discrepancies by category of care. Soc Sci Med 2024; 342:116571. [PMID: 38215643 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We study how much regional variation in healthcare spending is driven by place- and patient-specific factors using a random sample of 53,620 regional migrants in Sweden. We find notable differences depending on the category of care, with place-specific factors having a significantly larger impact on specialized outpatient care compared to inpatient and pharmaceutical care. The place effect is estimated to 75% of variation in specialized outpatient care, but 26% or less in variations in inpatient care, and 5% in prescription drug spending. We also find that the empirical estimator has a substantial impact on the estimates of the place-specific effect. The results based on the traditional approach in the literature with two-way fixed effects and event-study models produce much larger estimates of the place-specific effect compared to results based on recently developed heterogeneity-robust models. For total healthcare spending, the traditional two-way fixed effects model estimates a place effect of 78%, while the heterogeneity-robust estimator finds a place effect around 10%. This finding indicates that previous results in this literature, all based on traditional two-way fixed-effects regressions, should be interpreted with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimi Johansson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Mikael Svensson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, USA
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Fledsberg S, Svensson M, Johansson N. Lifetime healthcare expenditures across socioeconomic groups in Sweden. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:994-1000. [PMID: 37649353 PMCID: PMC10710355 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals of lower socioeconomic status generally have higher healthcare expenditures than individuals of higher socioeconomic status. However, little is known about how expenditures are distributed across socioeconomic groups over a lifetime, once accounting for differences in life expectancy. This study describes how lifetime healthcare expenditures are distributed across age, sex and socioeconomic groups in Sweden while adjusting for differences in life expectancy. METHODS Healthcare utilization from 2016 were linked to demographic and socioeconomic data for a random sample of individuals aged 20 and above in the four largest Swedish regions (n = 440 659). Mortality data were used to estimate income- and sex-specific survival rates. Expected lifetime healthcare expenditures were estimated by combining survival rates with mean healthcare expenditures over age, by sex, and income quintile. RESULTS We find that expected lifetime healthcare expenditures are highest among the first (lowest) income quintile despite their evident lower life expectancy. Expected lifetime expenditures were 17.9% (16.8%) higher in the first income quintile compared to the fifth (highest) quintile for women (men). Individuals in the first income quintile had higher expected lifetime expenditures for all care categories except for primary care. CONCLUSION We conclude that despite a lower life expectancy, the quintile of the lowest socioeconomic status still had higher lifetime healthcare expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fledsberg
- Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothia Forum for Clinical Trials, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Naimi Johansson
- Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Chauca Strand G, Johansson N, Jakobsson N, Bonander C, Svensson M. Cancer Drugs Reimbursed with Limited Evidence on Overall Survival and Quality of Life: Do Follow-Up Studies Confirm Patient Benefits? Clin Drug Investig 2023; 43:621-633. [PMID: 37505421 PMCID: PMC10480259 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-023-01285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cancer drug costs have increased considerably within healthcare systems, but many drugs lack quality-of-life (QoL) and overall survival (OS) data at the time of reimbursement approval. This study aimed to review the extent of subsequent literature documenting improvements in OS and QoL for cancer drug indications where no such evidence existed at the time of reimbursement approval. METHODS Drug indications with claims of added therapeutical value but a lack of evidence on OS and QoL that were reimbursed between 2010 and 2020 in Sweden were included for review. Searches were conducted in PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov for randomized controlled trials examining OS and QoL. RESULTS Of the 22 included drug indications, seven were found to have at least one trial with conclusive evidence of improvements in OS or QoL after a mean follow-up of 6.6 years. The remaining 15 drug indications either lacked subsequent randomized controlled trial data on OS or QoL (n = 6) or showed no statistically significant improvements (n = 9). Only one drug demonstrated evidence of improvement in both OS and QoL for its indication. CONCLUSIONS A considerable share of reimbursed cancer drug indications continue to lack evidence of improvement in both OS and QoL. With limited healthcare resources and an increasing cancer burden, third-party payers have strong incentives to require additional post-reimbursement data to confirm any improvements in OS and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Chauca Strand
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Västra Götalands Län, Sweden.
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18 A, PO Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Västra Götalands Län, Sweden.
| | - Naimi Johansson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Västra Götalands Län, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Örebro Län, Sweden
| | - Niklas Jakobsson
- Karlstad Business School, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Karlstads Business School, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Värmlands Län, Sweden
| | - Carl Bonander
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Västra Götalands Län, Sweden
- Centre for Societal Risk Management, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Värmlands Län, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Västra Götalands Län, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Johansson N, de New SC, Kunz JS, Petrie D, Svensson M. Reductions in out-of-pocket prices and forward-looking moral hazard in health care demand. J Health Econ 2023; 87:102710. [PMID: 36450181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how patients dynamically respond to a forthcoming reduction in health care out-of-pocket prices. Using a kinked Donut Regression Discontinuity design with kinks entering and exiting the donut, we evaluate a Swedish cost-sharing policy, where primary care out-of-pocket prices were eliminated at age 85. We find evidence of forward-looking moral hazard with older adults delaying primary care visits up to four months before the out-of-pocket elimination and shifting these visits until shortly after. These health care delays are driven by non-urgent care: non-physician visits, planned visits and follow up visits. We find no evidence of severe negative health effects in the short-term as a result of the delay. Contrary to our finding of forward-looking behavior with respect to out-of-pocket prices, we do not find evidence of typical moral hazard, as we do not find a persistent increase in primary health care use after the copayment elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimi Johansson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, Gothenburg SE-40530, Sweden; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Sweden.
| | - Sonja C de New
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Level 5 Building H, Caulfield, Victoria 3145, Australia; IZA Institute of Labor Economics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, RWI Research Network, Germany
| | - Johannes S Kunz
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Level 5 Building H, Caulfield, Victoria 3145, Australia
| | - Dennis Petrie
- Centre for Health Economics, Monash University, Level 5 Building H, Caulfield, Victoria 3145, Australia
| | - Mikael Svensson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, Gothenburg SE-40530, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Hållén J, Malmaeus JM, Johansson N, Karlsson OM. Using a dynamic mass balance model to predict fate and transport of PCBs in a polluted boreal lake in Sweden. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158522. [PMID: 36063918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, a screening survey including fish (European perch, Perca fluviatilis) from 20 locations in the Stockholm region of Sweden indicated exceptionally high levels of PCBs (>450 ng ΣPCB7/g ww) in Lake Oxundasjön. An extensive sampling program was launched to define the magnitude and area of impact of PCBs. Moreover, a dynamic mass balance model approach was applied to identify and quantify key transport processes and predict the long-term turnover of PCBs given various remediation scenarios. Based on the dating of sediment profiles, primary emissions of PCBs to Lake Oxundasjön have likely occurred from the end of the 1940s until 1980, reaching the lake via one of its tributaries. Presently, the main source of PCBs is diffusion from the lake sediments. From the lake outlet, >400 g ΣPCB7/yr are transported to Lake Mälaren (the third largest lake in Sweden), supplying drinking water for parts of the Stockholm area. Remediation actions are necessary to reduce the PCB levels in fish below today's marketing limits and environmental quality standards. With natural recovery, our results indicate that the PCB levels in non-migratory fish from Lake Oxundasjön will be elevated for decades to come. The mass of PCBs stored in the lake sediments was estimated, and to our knowledge, Lake Oxundasjön is the most heavily PCB contaminated lake in Sweden. The system constitutes a unique opportunity to test and develop a mathematical mass balance model for PCBs, with substantial data acquired from different aquatic matrices. The model presented in the paper is applicable for risk assessments of PCBs, and the results contribute to the general understanding of the transport and turnover dynamics of PCBs in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hållén
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 210 60, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J M Malmaeus
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 210 60, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Johansson
- Melica Biologkonsult, Vinkelv. 19, SE-194 44 Upplands Väsby, Sweden
| | - O M Karlsson
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 210 60, SE-100 31 Stockholm, Sweden
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Chauca Strand G, Bonander C, Jakobsson N, Johansson N, Svensson M. Assessment of the clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence in the reimbursement decisions of new cancer drugs. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100569. [PMID: 36037568 PMCID: PMC9588887 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to describe the clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence supporting reimbursement decisions of new cancer drugs and analyze the influence of trial characteristics and the cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) on the likelihood of reimbursement in Sweden. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were extracted from all appraisal dossiers for new cancer drugs seeking reimbursement in Sweden and claiming added therapeutical value between the years 2010 and 2020. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression models were also used with the cost per QALY, study design, comparator, and evidence on final outcomes in the clinical trials as predictors of reimbursement. RESULTS All 60 included appraisals were based on trial evidence that assessed at least one final outcome (overall survival [OS] or quality of life [QoL]), although rarely as a primary outcome. Of the appraisals with a final decision (n = 58), 79% were approved for reimbursement. Among the reimbursed drugs, only half had trial evidence demonstrating improved OS or QoL. Only one drug had trial evidence supporting improvements in both OS and QoL. The average cost per QALY for reimbursed cancer drugs was estimated to be 748 560 SEK (€73 583). A higher cost per QALY was found to decrease the likelihood of reimbursement by 9.4% for every 100 000 SEK (€9830) higher cost per QALY (P = 0.03). For cost-effectiveness models without direct evidence of improvements in final outcomes, a larger QALY gain was observed compared with those with evidence mainly relying on intermediate and surrogate outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There are substantial uncertainties in the clinical and cost-effectiveness evidence underlying reimbursement decisions of new cancer drugs. Decision makers should be cautious of the limited evidence on patient-centered outcomes and the implications of allocating resources to expensive treatments with uncertain value for money.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chauca Strand
- Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.
| | - C Bonander
- Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg
| | - N Jakobsson
- Karlstad Business School, Karlstad University Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Karlstads Business School, Karlstad
| | - N Johansson
- Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg; University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Svensson
- Health Economics and Policy, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg; Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Johansson N, Svensson M. Regional variation in prescription drug spending: Evidence from regional migrants in Sweden. Health Econ 2022; 31:1862-1877. [PMID: 35709331 PMCID: PMC9543270 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial variation in drug spending across regions in Sweden, which can be justified if caused by differences in health need, but an indication of inefficiencies if primarily caused by differences in place-specific supply-side factors. This paper aims to estimate the relative effect of individual demand-side factors and place-specific supply-side factors as drivers of geographical variation in drug spending in Sweden. We use individual-level register data on purchases of prescription drugs matched with demographic and socioeconomic data of a random sample of about 900,000 individuals over 2007-2016. The primary empirical approach is a two-way fixed effect model and an event study where we identify demand- and supply-side effects based on how regional and local migrants change drug spending when moving across regional and municipal borders. As an alternative approach in robustness checks, we also use a decomposition analysis. The results show that the place-specific supply-side effect accounts for only about 5%-10% of variation in drug spending and remaining variation is due to individual demand-side effects. These results imply that health policies to reduce regional variation in drug spending would have limited impact if targeted at place-specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimi Johansson
- Health Economics and PolicySchool of Public Health and Community MedicineInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGoteborgSweden
- University Health Care Research CenterFaculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Health Economics and PolicySchool of Public Health and Community MedicineInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGoteborgSweden
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Johansson N, Jakobsson N, Svensson M. Effects of primary care cost-sharing among young adults: varying impact across income groups and gender. Eur J Health Econ 2019; 20:1271-1280. [PMID: 31401700 PMCID: PMC6803576 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-019-01095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We estimate the price sensitivity in health care among adolescents and young adults, and assess how it varies across income groups and gender, using a regression discontinuity design. We use the age differential cost-sharing in Swedish primary care as our identification strategy. At the 20th birthday, the copayment increases from €0 to approx. €10 per primary care physician visit and close to this threshold the copayment faced by each person is distributed almost as good as if randomized. The analysis is performed using high-quality health care and economic register data of 73,000 individuals aged 18-22. Our results show that the copayment decreases the average number of visits by 7%. Among women visits are reduced by 9%, for low-income individuals by 11%, and for low-income women by 14%. In conclusion, modest copayments have significant utilization effects, and even in a policy context with relatively low income inequalities, the effect is substantially larger in low-income groups and among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimi Johansson
- Health Metrics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Jakobsson
- Department of Economics, Karlstad University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Health Metrics, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
We report a series of 22 experiments in which the implicit associations test (IAT) was used to investigate cross-modal correspondences between visual (luminance, hue [R-G, B-Y], saturation) and acoustic (loudness, pitch, formants [F1, F2], spectral centroid, trill) dimensions. Colors were sampled from the perceptually accurate CIE-Lab space, and the complex, vowel-like sounds were created with a formant synthesizer capable of separately manipulating individual acoustic properties. In line with previous reports, the loudness and pitch of acoustic stimuli were associated with both luminance and saturation of the presented colors. However, pitch was associated specifically with color lightness, whereas loudness mapped onto greater visual saliency. Manipulating the spectrum of sounds without modifying their pitch showed that an upward shift of spectral energy was associated with the same visual features (higher luminance and saturation) as higher pitch. In contrast, changing formant frequencies of synthetic vowels while minimizing the accompanying shifts in spectral centroid failed to reveal cross-modal correspondences with color. This may indicate that the commonly reported associations between vowels and colors are mediated by differences in the overall balance of low- and high-frequency energy in the spectrum rather than by vowel identity as such. Surprisingly, the hue of colors with the same luminance and saturation was not associated with any of the tested acoustic features, except for a weak preference to match higher pitch with blue (vs. yellow). We discuss these findings in the context of previous research and consider their implications for sound symbolism in world languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Anikin
- Division of Cognitive Science, Department of Philosophy, Lund University, Box 192, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - N Johansson
- Center for Language and Literature, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Johansson N, Jakobsson N, Svensson M. Regional variation in health care utilization in Sweden - the importance of demand-side factors. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:403. [PMID: 29866201 PMCID: PMC5987462 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in health care utilization across geographical areas are well documented within several countries. If the variation across areas cannot be explained by differences in medical need, it can be a sign of inefficiency or misallocation of public health care resources. METHODS In this observational, longitudinal panel study we use regional level data covering the 21 Swedish regions (county councils) over 13 years and a random effects model to assess to what degree regional variation in outpatient physician visits is explained by observed demand factors such as health, demography and socio-economic factors. RESULTS The results show that regional mortality, as a proxy for population health, and demography do not explain regional variation in visits to primary care physicians, but explain about 50% of regional variation in visits to outpatient specialists. Adjusting for socio-economic and basic supply-side factors explains 33% of the regional variation in primary physician visits, but adds nothing to explaining the variation in specialist visits. CONCLUSION 50-67% of regional variation remains unexplained by a large number of observable regional characteristics, indicating that omitted and possibly unobserved factors contribute substantially to the regional variation. We conclude that variations in health care utilization across regions is not very well explained by underlying medical need and demand, measured by mortality, demographic and socio-economic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimi Johansson
- Health Metrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niklas Jakobsson
- Department of Economics, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
- Norwegian Social Research (NOVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Mikael Svensson
- Health Metrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Economics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA USA
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Johansson N, Rosemar A, Angenete E. Risk of recurrence of sigmoid volvulus: a single-centre cohort study. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:529-535. [PMID: 29178415 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sigmoid volvulus is a condition with a tendency to recur if treated conservatively. Little is known about the best type of treatment or when to perform definitive surgery. The aim of this study was to review treatment, and assess the outcome, of sigmoid volvulus in adult patients treated at a Swedish university hospital. METHOD The medical records of patients treated for sigmoid volvulus at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden from January 2000 to September 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Median follow-up time was 8.3 years. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-eight patients were included with a total of 453 admissions for sigmoid volvulus. Nonoperative decompression was attempted as the initial treatment in 438/453 (97%), with a success rate of 92% (403/438), which was not influenced by whether it was the first episode or a recurrence. Without planned surgery, recurrence occurred after 84% of successful nonoperative decompressions with a median of two recurrences (1-16). Recurrence was less common after the first episode compared with subsequent episodes. Median time until recurrence was 58 days. Mortality after planned surgery following successful decompression was 3.3% (2/61) compared with 13% (6/46) following emergency surgery. CONCLUSION In our cohort, the recurrence rate of sigmoid volvulus following successful nonoperative decompression was high. Still, more than 20% of patients did not experience a recurrence after their first episode. Nonoperative decompression could thus be suggested as the sole treatment for the first episode of volvulus. However, after the second episode it is probable that early planned surgery would improve outcome and reduce health-care consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.,SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Rosemar
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Angenete
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden.,SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Johansson N, Rosemar A, Angenete E. Reply to Atamanalp. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:554. [PMID: 29502341 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Department of Surgery, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, SSORG, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A Rosemar
- Department of Surgery, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, SSORG, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - E Angenete
- Department of Surgery, Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, SSORG, Göteborg, Sweden
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14
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Rullik L, Johansson N, Bertram F, Evertsson J, Stenqvist T, Lundgren E. Surface development of a brazing alloy during heat treatment-a comparison between UHV and APXPS. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:024004. [PMID: 29176044 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa9cb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to bridge the pressure gap, APXPS was used to follow the surface development of an aluminum brazing sheet during heating in an ambient oxygen-pressure mimicking the environment of an industrial brazing furnace. The studied aluminum alloy brazing sheet is a composite material consisting of two aluminum alloy standards whose surface is covered with a native aluminum oxide film. To emphasize the necessity of studies of this system in ambient sample environments it is compared to measurements in UHV. Changes in thickness and composition of the surface oxide were followed after heating to 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. The two sets presented in this paper show that the surface development strongly depends on the environment the sample is heated in.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rullik
- Department of Physics, Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Johansson N, Andersen M, Monya Y, Andersen JN, Kondoh H, Schnadt J, Knudsen J. Ambient pressure phase transitions over Ir(1 1 1): at the onset of CO oxidation. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:444002. [PMID: 28872053 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8a44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report on the adsorbate structures on an Ir(1 1 1) surface during the phase transition from the inactive to the active state during CO oxidation. The CO oxidation over Pt(1 1 1) is used as a reference case. Where Pt(1 1 1) either is inactive and CO covered or active and O covered, Ir(1 1 1) exhibits a transition state with co-existing chemisorbed O and CO. The observed structural differences are explained in terms of DFT-calculated adsorption energies. For Pt(1 1 1) the repulsive CO-O interaction makes co-existing chemisorbed CO and O unfavourable, while for Ir(1 1 1) the stronger O and CO adsorption allows for overcoming the repulsive interaction. At the onset of CO oxidation over Ir(1 1 1), a CO structure containing defects forms, which enables O2 to dissociatively adsorb on the Ir(1 1 1) surface, thus enabling the CO oxidation reaction. At the mass transfer limit, the Ir(1 1 1) surface is covered by a chemisorbed O structure with defects; hence, the active surface is predominately chemisorbed O covered at a total pressure of 0.5 mbar and no oxide formation is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Division of Synchrotron radiation research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Johansson N, Sisodiya S, Shayesteh P, Chaudhary S, Andersen JN, Knudsen J, Wendt OF, Schnadt J. Sonogashira cross-coupling over Au(1 1 1): from UHV to ambient pressure. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:444005. [PMID: 28862150 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa89c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the reaction of phenylacetylene (PA) with chloro-, bromo-, and iodobenzene on the Au(1 1 1) surface as a model system for the gold-catalysed Sonogashira cross-coupling. Both ultrahigh vacuum-based and ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that iodo- and chlorobenzene (IB and CB) undergo the cross-coupling reaction towards diphenylacetylene. Bromobenzene (BB), in contrast, does not react in the UHV experiments. Further, at ambient pressure signs are found for poisoning of the Au(1 1 1) surface by a carbon species formed in the reaction. The understanding obtained in the reaction experiments are based on a thorough investigation of the adsorption of PA, IB, CB, and BB on the Au(1 1 1) surface by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and temperature-dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, the experiments provide the orientation of the intact adsorbates with respect to the surfaces at liquid nitrogen temperature. Dissociation in the temperature regime between -80 and -15 °C is observed for iodo- and chlorobenzene, but not for BB, in agreement with that only IB and CB, but not BB, react with PA to form diphenylacetylene. The difference is tentatively attributed to a difference in surface orientation of the different halobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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17
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Johansson N, Krook J, Frändegård P. A new dawn for buried garbage? An investigation of the marketability of previously disposed shredder waste. Waste Manag 2017; 60:417-427. [PMID: 27216727 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the market potential of disposed shredder waste, a resource that is increasingly emphasized as a future mine. A framework with gate requirements of various outlets was developed and contrasted with a pilot project focusing on excavated waste from a shredder landfill, sorted in an advanced recycling facility. Only the smallest fraction by percentage had an outlet, the metals (8%), which were sold according to a lower quality class. The other fractions (92%) were not accepted for incineration, as construction materials or even for re-deposition. Previous studies have shown similar lack of marketability. This means that even if one fraction can be recovered, the outlet of the other material is often unpredictable, resulting in a waste disposal problem, which easily prevents a landfill mining project altogether. This calls for marketability and usability of deposited waste to become a central issue for landfill mining research. The paper concludes by discussing how concerned actors can enhance the marketability, for example by pre-treating the disposed waste to acclimatize it to existing sorting methods. However, for concerned actors to become interested in approaching unconventional resources such as deposited waste, greater regulatory flexibility is needed in which, for example, re-deposition could be allowed as long as the environmental benefits of the projects outweigh the disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - J Krook
- Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Frändegård
- Department of Management and Engineering, Environmental Technology and Management Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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18
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Binaglia M, Bordajandi LR, Bergman A, Boobis A, Ceccatelli S, Cravedi JP, Filipic M, Fuerst P, Johansson N, Knutsen H, Machala M, Merletti F, Papke O, Schrenk D, Van Leeuwen R, Van Leeuwen S. Assessment of the known and the unknown: Brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Olaison L, Johansson N, Snygg-Martin U, Sandberg T. Nephrotoxicity during aminoglycoside therapy for infective endocarditis. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Johansson N, Sandberg T, Snygg-Martin U, Olaison L. P70 NEPHROTOXICITY DURING AMINOGLYCOSIDE THERAPY FOR ENDOCARDITIS. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(13)70094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Johansson N, Viberg H, Fredriksson A, Eriksson P. Neonatal exposure to deca-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209) causes dose–response changes in spontaneous behaviour and cholinergic susceptibility in adult mice. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:911-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Johansson N, Fredriksson A, Eriksson P. Neonatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) causes neurobehavioural defects in adult mice. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:160-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Crispin A, Crispin X, Fahlman M, dos Santos DA, Cornil J, Johansson N, Bauer J, Weissörtel F, Salbeck J, Brédas JL, Salaneck WR. Influence of dopant on the electronic structure of spiro-oligophenyl-based disordered organic semiconductors. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1465408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Greczynski G, Fahlman M, Salaneck WR, Johansson N, dos Santos DA, Dkhissi A, Brédas JL. Electronic structure of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) in the pristine and reduced state. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1430694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Thuvander A, Paulsen JE, Axberg K, Johansson N, Vidnes A, Enghardt-Barbieri H, Trygg K, Lund-Larsen K, Jahrl S, Widenfalk A, Bosnes V, Alexander J, Hult K, Olsen M. Levels of ochratoxin A in blood from Norwegian and Swedish blood donors and their possible correlation with food consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 2001; 39:1145-51. [PMID: 11696389 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blood levels of ochratoxin A were determined in 406 Scandinavian blood donors (206 from Oslo, Norway, and 200 from Visby on the island of Gotland, Sweden), using an HPLC method. In connection with the blood collection, the subjects were asked to fill in a food questionnaire to obtain individual dietary information relevant to ochratoxin A exposure. The mean plasma level of ochratoxin A was 0.18 ng/ml in Oslo and slightly higher, 0.21 ng/ml (P=0.046) in Visby. There was no correlation between plasma levels of ochratoxin A and the estimated total dietary intake of ochratoxin A based on consumption data and levels in food (retrieved from the literature), neither was the plasma level of ochratoxin A correlated with the total amount of food consumed. However, consumption of several foods, including cereal products, wine, beer and pork, were to some minor degree related to high plasma levels of ochratoxin A. The strongest correlations (correlation coefficient r>0.4; P<0.001) were observed for women in relation to the consumption of beer or medium brown bread. Correlation analysis of combinations of two or more food categories did not result in any statistically significant correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thuvander
- National Food Administration, Box 622, SE-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden.
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26
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Oberg M, Andersson PL, Johansson N, Tysklind M, Håkansson H. Multivariate modelling of polychlorinated biphenyl-induced CYP1A activity in the MH1C1 rat hepatoma cell line. Altern Lab Anim 2001; 29:291-5. [PMID: 11430309 DOI: 10.1177/026119290102900316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Oberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Söderström M, Aro HT, Ahonen M, Johansson N, Aho A, Ekfors T, Böhling T, Kähäri VM, Vuorio E. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in human chondrosarcomas. APMIS 2001; 109:305-15. [PMID: 11469503 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0463.2001.d01-125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterise the ability of malignant chondrosarcomas to invade normal bone by analysing their production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). For this purpose 12 chondrosarcomas were investigated for the expression of mRNAs for several MMPs and all 4 TIMPs by Northern hybridisation, and for immunohistochemical localisation of the proteins. A characteristic finding of these analyses was increased expression of MMP-13, MMP-14 and TIMP-2 mRNAs in chondrosarcomas when compared with nonmalignant control samples. Individual chondrosarcomas also exhibited elevated levels of MMP-1, MMP-7 and MMP-9 mRNAs. The results of Northern hybridisations were supported by immunohistochemical stainings of the corresponding tumour areas for MMP-2, MMP-14 and TIMP-2, further suggesting that these may have prognostic value for determining whether individual chondrosarcomas are locally aggressive or have a probability of recurrence. Another finding of the present study was a marked heterogeneity in histologic appearance and gene expression of the chondrosarcomas, emphasising the importance of analysing several areas of these tumours to get representative results. These findings suggest that analysis of MMPs could be a useful diagnostic indicator in patients with cartilaginous tumours and could help in differentiating between a low-grade malignant chondrosarcoma and a benign growing enchondroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Söderström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, Finland
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28
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Greczynski G, Johansson N, Lögdlund M, Pettersson LAA, Salaneck WR, Horsburgh LE, Monkman AP, dos Santos DA, Brédas JL. Electronic structure of pristine and sodium doped poly(p-pyridine). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1343485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Abstract
Controlled degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for the growth, invasion, and metastasis of malignant tumors, and for tumor-induced angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent neutral endopeptidases collectively capable of degrading essentially all ECM components and they apparently play an important role in all these aspects of tumor development. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that MMPs also play a role in tumor cell survival. In this review, we discuss the current concept concerning the role of MMPs and their inhibitors in tumor invasion, as a basis for prognosis and targeted therapeutic intervention in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland
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30
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Johansson N, Ala-aho R, Uitto V, Grénman R, Fusenig NE, López-Otín C, Kähäri VM. Expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) and collagenase-1 (MMP-1) by transformed keratinocytes is dependent on the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 Pt 2:227-35. [PMID: 10633074 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is a human matrix metalloproteinase specifically expressed by transformed squamous epithelial cells, i.e. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in culture and in vivo. Here, we have elucidated the signaling pathways regulating MMP-13 expression in transformed human epidermal keratinocytes, i.e. ras-transformed HaCaT cell line A-5 and cutaneous SCC cell line (UT-SCC-7). Treatment with tumor necrosis factor-(alpha) (TNF-(alpha) resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1,2, Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in both cell lines. In addition, transforming growth factor-(beta) (TGF-(beta) activated p38 MAPK in both cell lines, and ERK2 in A-5 cells. Selective inhibition of p38 activity with SB 203580 abolished the enhancement of MMP-13, as well as collagenase-1 (MMP-1) and 92-kDa gelatinase (MMP-9) expression by TNF-(alpha) and TGF-(beta). Blocking the ERK1, 2 pathway by PD 98059 had no effect on the induction of MMP-13 expression by TNF-(alpha) or TGF-(beta), but potently suppressed MMP-1 and MMP-9 production. Inhibition of p38 activity by SB 203580 also suppressed collagenolytic activity produced by both cell lines and inhibited invasion of TNF-(alpha) or TGF-(beta) stimulated A-5 cells through type I collagen and reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). These results show that activation of p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in the invasive phenotype of transformed squamous epithelial cells, suggesting p38 MAPK as a target to specifically inhibit their invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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31
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Ala-aho R, Johansson N, Grénman R, Fusenig NE, López-Otín C, Kähäri VM. Inhibition of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) expression in transformed human keratinocytes by interferon-gamma is associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1,2 and STAT1. Oncogene 2000; 19:248-57. [PMID: 10645003 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is characterized by an exceptionally wide substrate specificity and restricted expression. MMP-13 is specifically expressed by transformed human keratinocytes in squamous cell carcinomas in vivo and its expression correlates with their invasion capacity. Here, we show, that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) markedly inhibits expression of MMP-13 by human cutaneous SCC cells (UT-SCC-7) and by ras-transformed human epidermal keratinocytes (A-5 cells) at the transcriptional level. In addition, IFN-gamma inhibits collagenase-1 (MMP-1) expression in these cells. IFN-gamma abolished the enhancement of MMP-13 and MMP-1 expression by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and inhibited invasion of A-5 cells through type I collagen. IFN-gamma also rapidly and transiently activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2 (ERK1,2) and blocking ERK1,2 pathway (Raf/MEK1,2/ERK1,2) by specific MEK1,2 inhibitor PD98059 partially (by 50%) prevents Ser-727 phosphorylation of STAT1 and suppression of MMP-13 expression by IFN-gamma. Furthermore, Ser-727 phosphorylation of STAT1 by ERK1,2, or independently of ERK1,2 activation is associated with marked reduction in MMP-13 expression. These observations identify a novel role for IFN-gamma as a potent inhibitor of collagenolytic activity and invasion of transformed squamous epithelial cells, and show that inhibition of MMP-13 expression by IFN-gamma involves activation of ERK1,2 and STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ala-aho
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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32
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Abstract
Controlled degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential in many physiological situations including developmental tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and normal turnover of ECM. In addition, degradation of matrix components is an important feature of tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Matrix metallo-proteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent neutral endopeptidases, which are collectively capable of degrading essentially all ECM components. MMPs apparently play an important role in all the above mentioned aspects of tumor development. In addition, there is recent evidence that MMP activity is required for tumor cell survival. At present, several MMP inhibitors are in clinical trials of malignant tumors of different histogenetic origin. In this review we discuss the current view on the role of MMPs and their inhibitors in development and invasion of squamous cell carcinomas, as a basis for prognostication and therapeutic intervention in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Finland
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33
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Ekman E, Börjeson H, Johansson N. Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Baltic salmon Salmo salar brood fish and their offspring. Dis Aquat Organ 1999; 37:159-163. [PMID: 10546045 DOI: 10.3354/dao037159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Baltic salmon brood fish were investigated for the presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in the kidney, spleen, brain and sexual products (ovarian fluid, unfertilised eggs and milt). Samples for bacteriology were taken at capture, when the fish were ascending their native river to spawn, and after a period of captivity in indoor pools, at stripping. During captivity, abnormal wiggling behaviour was recorded in some of the fish. Bacterial samples were taken to determine if F. psychrophilum had any role in the aetiology of the condition. Furthermore, the presence of F. psychrophilum on egg surfaces during incubation was investigated. F. psychrophilum was isolated from internal organs and/or sexual products in 7 out of 50 (14.0%) fish sampled at capture and 63 out of 272 (23.2%) fish sampled at stripping. The bacteria was isolated from either spleen or gonads in 2 out of 19 (10.5%) fish with abnormal wiggling behaviour but no bacteria was isolated from the brain. No F. psychrophilum was isolated from eggs at the eyed stage. Just before hatching, the bacterium was isolated from 5 out of 15 (33.3%) family groups. The present study shows that Baltic salmon brood fish are carriers of F. psychrophilum during their spawning migration. The presence of the bacteria in sexual products from both females and males indicates that transmission from the brood fish to the offspring should be considered an important route of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ekman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Johansson N, Osada T, Stafström S, Salaneck WR, Parente V, dos Santos DA, Crispin X, Brédas JL. Electronic structure of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum thin films in the pristine and reduced states. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Kähäri VM, Johansson N, Grénman R, Airola K, Saarialho-Kere U. Expression of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) by tumor cells in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 451:63-8. [PMID: 10026851 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5357-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V M Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland.
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36
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Johansson N, Vaalamo M, Grénman S, Hietanen S, Klemi P, Saarialho-Kere U, Kähäri VM. Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is expressed by tumor cells in invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Am J Pathol 1999; 154:469-80. [PMID: 10027405 PMCID: PMC1849989 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is a human matrix metalloproteinase specifically expressed by invading tumor cells in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck. Here, we have further elucidated the role of MMP-13 in tumor invasion by examining its expression in invasive malignant tumors of the female genital tract. Using in situ hybridization, expression of MMP-13 mRNA was detected in 9 of 12 vulvar SCCs, primarily in tumor cells, but not in intact vulvar epithelium, in cervical SCCs (n = 12), or in endometrial (n = 11) or ovarian adenocarcinomas (n = 8). MMP-13 expression was especially abundant in vulvar carcinomas showing metastasis to lymph nodes and was associated with expression of membrane type 1 MMP by tumor cells and gelatinase-A (MMP-2) by stromal cells, as detected by immunohistochemistry. MMP-13 mRNAs were detected in 9 of 11 cell lines established from vulvar carcinomas and in 4 of 6 cell lines from cervical carcinomas, whereas endometrial (n = 10) and ovarian (n = 9) carcinoma cell lines were negative for MMP-13 mRNA. No correlation was detected between MMP-13 expression and p53 gene mutations in vulvar SCC cell lines. However, MMP-13 expression was detected in 5 of 6 vulvar and cervical SCC cell lines harboring HPV 16 or 68 DNA. These results show that MMP-13 is specifically expressed by malignantly transformed squamous epithelial cells, including vulvar SCC cells, and appears to serve as a marker for their invasive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Department of Dermatology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland
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37
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Santoro N, Johansson N, Thiele DJ. Heat shock element architecture is an important determinant in the temperature and transactivation domain requirements for heat shock transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:6340-52. [PMID: 9774650 PMCID: PMC109220 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.11.6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses a single gene encoding heat shock transcription factor (HSF), which is required for the activation of genes that participate in stress protection as well as normal growth and viability. Yeast HSF (yHSF) contains two distinct transcriptional activation regions located at the amino and carboxyl termini. Activation of the yeast metallothionein gene, CUP1, depends on a nonconsensus heat shock element (HSE), occurs at higher temperatures than other heat shock-responsive genes, and is highly dependent on the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain (CTA) of yHSF. The results described here show that the noncanonical (or gapped) spacing of GAA units in the CUP1 HSE (HSE1) functions to limit the magnitude of CUP1 transcriptional activation in response to heat and oxidative stress. The spacing in HSE1 modulates the dependence for transcriptional activation by both stresses on the yHSF CTA. Furthermore, a previously uncharacterized HSE in the CUP1 promoter, HSE2, modulates the magnitude of the transcriptional activation of CUP1, via HSE1, in response to stress. In vitro DNase I footprinting experiments suggest that the occupation of HSE2 by yHSF strongly influences the manner in which yHSF occupies HSE1. Limited proteolysis assays show that HSF adopts a distinct protease-sensitive conformation when bound to the CUP1 HSE1, providing evidence that the HSE influences DNA-bound HSF conformation. Together, these results suggest that CUP1 regulation is distinct from that of other classic heat shock genes through the interaction of yHSF with two nonconsensus HSEs. Consistent with this view, we have identified other gene targets of yHSF containing HSEs with sequence and spacing features similar to those of CUP1 HSE1 and show a correlation between the spacing of the GAA units and the relative dependence on the yHSF CTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Santoro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606, USA
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38
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Haag-Grönlund M, Johansson N, Fransson-Steen R, Hâkansson H, Scheu G, Wärngård L. Interactive effects of three structurally different polychlorinated biphenyls in a rat liver tumor promotion bioassay. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1998; 152:153-65. [PMID: 9772211 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1998.8480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactive effects between the non-ortho-substituted 3,3', 4,4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126), the mono-ortho-substituted 2,3,3',4, 4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB105), and the di-ortho-substituted 2,2',4, 4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) were studied in an initiation/promotion bioassay. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 30 mg/kg ip of N-nitrosodiethylamine 24 h after partial hepatectomy. Five weeks later, weekly sc administrations of the three PCBs in 15 systematically selected dose combinations started. After 20 weeks of administration, the animals were killed and the livers were analyzed for areas expressing placental glutathione-S-transferase as a marker of preneoplastic foci. In addition, concentration of liver and kidney retinoids and plasma retinol was analyzed, as well as body and organ weights, plasma transaminases, and induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1/2 (CYP1A1/2) and CYP2B1/2 activities. Data were analyzed with a multivariate method. At the doses applied in this study, weak antagonism was observed between PCB126 and PCB153 for effects on volume fraction of foci, number of foci/cm3, concentration of plasma retinol and liver retinoids, relative liver weight, and induction of CYP2B1/2 activity. Weak antagonism was also observed between PCB126 and PCB105 for effects on volume fraction of foci, number of foci/cm3, and plasma retinol concentration. No interactions other than pure additivity were observed between PCB105 and PCB153. Synergism was not observed within the dose ranges investigated in this study. Knowledge of interactive effects is important for risk assessment of environmental mixtures of dioxin-like compounds. Antagonism between congeners generally results in risk assessments that overestimate human risk. The significance to human risk assessment of the relatively weak antagonism observed in this study is however unclear, considering many other uncertainties involved in the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) concept. A change of the TEF concept for risk assessments of dioxin-like substances is not motivated based on the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haag-Grönlund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, S-171 77, Sweden.
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39
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Uitto VJ, Airola K, Vaalamo M, Johansson N, Putnins EE, Firth JD, Salonen J, López-Otín C, Saarialho-Kere U, Kähäri VM. Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13) expression is induced in oral mucosal epithelium during chronic inflammation. Am J Pathol 1998; 152:1489-99. [PMID: 9626053 PMCID: PMC1858431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased proliferation of mucosal epithelium during inflammation is associated with degradation of subepithelial connective tissue matrix and local invasion of the epithelial cells. Here we have studied, whether collagenase-3 (MMP-13), a collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase with an exceptionally wide substrate specificity, is expressed in the epithelium of chronically inflamed mucosa. Examination of human gingival tissue sections from subjects with chronic adult periodontitis with in situ hybridization revealed marked expression of MMP-13 in basal cells of some epithelial rete ridges expanding into connective tissue. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that these cells also expressed strongly laminin-5, suggesting that they are actively migrating cells. A strong signal for MMP-13 mRNA was occasionally also noted in the suprabasal epithelial cells facing the gingival pocket, whereas no collagenase-1 (MMP-1) mRNA was detected in any areas of the epithelium. MMP-13 expression was also detected in fibroblast-like cells associated with collagen fibers of the inflamed subepithelial connective tissue. In organ culture of human oral mucosa, MMP-13 mRNA expression was observed in epithelial cells growing into connective tissue of the specimens. Regulation of MMP-13 expression was examined in cultured normal nonkeratinizing epithelial cells isolated from porcine periodontal ligament. In these cells, MMP-13 expression at the mRNA and protein level was potently enhanced (up to sixfold) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta(1), and transforming growth factor-alpha and by keratinocyte growth factor in the presence of heparin. In addition, plating periodontal ligament epithelial cells on type I collagen stimulated MMP-13 expression (sevenfold) as compared with cells grown on tissue culture plastic. The results of this study show, that expression of MMP-13 is specifically induced in undifferentiated epithelial cells during chronic inflammation due to exposure to cytokines and collagen. Thus, it is likely that MMP-13 expression is instrumental in the subepithelial collagenolysis and local invasion of the activated mucosal epithelium into the connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Uitto
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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40
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Guo JH, Magnuson M, Såthe C, Nordgren J, Yang L, Luo Y, Ågren H, Xing KZ, Johansson N, Salaneck WR, Daik R, Feast WJ. Resonant and nonresonant x-ray scattering spectra of some poly(phenylenevinylene)s. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Airola K, Ahonen M, Johansson N, Heikkilä P, Kere J, Kähäri VM, Saarialho-Kere UK. Human TIMP-3 is expressed during fetal development, hair growth cycle, and cancer progression. J Histochem Cytochem 1998; 46:437-47. [PMID: 9524189 DOI: 10.1177/002215549804600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression and regulation of TIMP-3, a recently cloned member of the tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinase family, during human fetal development and in various human tissues, with emphasis on epithelial structures. Expression of TIMP-3 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in developing bone, kidney, and various mesenchymal structures. At 16 weeks of gestation, ectoderm-derived cells of hair germs expressed TIMP-3 mRNA, and beginning from the twentieth week consistent expression was detected in epithelial outer root sheath cells of growing hair follicles. In normal adult human skin, expression of TIMP-3 mRNA was limited to hair follicles, starting at the early anagen (growing) phase and vanishing at the catagen (regressing) phase. TIMP-3 mRNA was not detected in benign hair follicle-derived tumors but was present in tumor cells of infiltrative basal cell carcinomas and in surrounding stromal cells in squamous cell carcinomas. Human primary keratinocytes in culture expressed TIMP-3 mRNAs, the levels of which were upregulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), whereas interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) had no effect. Our results suggest a role for TIMP-3 in connective tissue remodeling during fetal development, hair growth cycle, and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Airola
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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42
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Häkkinen L, Westermarck J, Johansson N, Aho H, Peltonen J, Heino J, Kähäri VM. Suprabasal expression of epidermal alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1 integrins in skin treated with topical retinoic acid. Br J Dermatol 1998; 138:29-36. [PMID: 9536220 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In normal adult human skin, expression of epidermal integrins is confined to keratinocytes in the basal layer. However, suprabasal expression of alpha 2, alpha 3 and beta 1 integrin subunits is noted in hyperproliferative epidermis in wound repair and psoriasis. In this study, we examined the effect of topical all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), known to induce epidermal hyperplasia, on expression of integrins in human epidermis. Immunostaining of vehicle-treated skin revealed expression of alpha 2, alpha 3 and beta 1, as well as alpha 6 and beta 4 integrin subunits entirely on basal keratinocytes. Topical application of RA (0.1%) for 2 weeks resulted in marked suprabasal expression of alpha 2, alpha 3 and beta 1 integrin subunits, whereas alpha 6 and beta 4 staining remained on basal keratinocytes. Staining for putative ligands of alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1 integrins, i.e. type IV collagen, laminin-5 and fibronectin, was not detected in the epidermal layer in RA- or vehicle-treated skin. Treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes in culture with RA (1 mumol/L) enhanced alpha 2 and beta 1 mRNA abundance. Furthermore, RA slightly up-regulated the expression of alpha 2, alpha 3 and beta 1 integrin subunits on primary epidermal keratinocytes and HaCaT cells in culture with no effect on cell proliferation. These results provide evidence that RA-elicited epidermal hyperplasia is associated with aberrant suprabasal expression of alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1 integrins, and that this also involves direct stimulation of keratinocyte integrin expression by RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Häkkinen
- Department of Periodontology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Turku, Finland
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43
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Johansson N, dos Santos DA, Guo S, Cornil J, Fahlman M, Salbeck J, Schenk H, Arwin H, Brédas JL, Salanek WR. Electronic structure and optical properties of electroluminescent spiro-type molecules. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Abstract
Co-expression of several members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is a characteristic of human carcinomas. To investigate the role of the recently cloned collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in epidermal tumors, we studied samples representing malignant (basal and squamous cell carcinoma, Paget's disease), pre-malignant (Bowen's disease, solar keratosis), and benign (keratoacanthoma, seborrheic keratosis, linear epidermal nevus) tumors. Basal cell carcinomas expressed collagenase-3 mRNA in focal areas of keratinized cells, the squamous differentiation of which was confirmed by positive immunostaining for involucrin. Apoptosis was observed in central parts of these foci. In squamous cell carcinomas, collagenase-3 expression was detected at the epithelial tumor front and less frequently in the surrounding stromal cells. Collagenase-3 mRNA co-localized with immunostaining for laminin-5, an adhesion molecule suggested to participate in the migration of tumor cells. The pre-malignant and benign tumors were mostly negative for collagenase-3. Stromelysin-1, a potential activator of latent collagenases, was frequently expressed by stromal cells surrounding the malignant tumors, and the two MMPs occasionally co-localized in keratotic foci. Our results demonstrate that in basal cell carcinomas, expression of collagenase-3 is associated with terminal differentiation of epithelial cells. Furthermore, the gene is activated during skin carcinogenesis, and we suggest a role for collagenase-3 in degradation of the extracellular matrix associated with malignant epithelial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Airola
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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45
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Johansson N, Airola K, Grénman R, Kariniemi AL, Saarialho-Kere U, Kähäri VM. Expression of collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase-13) in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Am J Pathol 1997; 151:499-508. [PMID: 9250162 PMCID: PMC1857999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck are malignant tumors with high capacity to invade and metastasize. We have examined expression of the new collagenase, collagenase-3 (MMP-13), in SCCs of the head and neck. MMP-13 mRNAs were detected in 22 of 29 SCC cell lines: in 14 of 15 primary SCC cell lines and in 8 of 14 SCC cell lines from recurrent tumors or metastases. MMP-13 mRNAs were expressed by all 6 cell lines from highly invasive primary tumors and in all 4 cell lines from small aggressive tumors. Using in situ hybridization, MMP-13 mRNAs were detected in 15 of 17 SCC tumor samples. In most tumors, MMP-13 was expressed by tumor cells at the invading front of the tumors, but in a subset of SCCs, MMP-13 mRNA was also expressed by stromal fibroblasts. No MMP-13 expression was detected in intact skin or oral mucosa. MMP-13 mRNA levels in SCC cells were enhanced by transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-alpha, and keratinocyte growth factor. Specific expression of MMP-13 by SCC cells in vitro and in vivo strongly suggests a role for MMP-13 in the high invasion capacity of SCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Department of Dermatology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland
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46
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Vaalamo M, Mattila L, Johansson N, Kariniemi AL, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Kähäri VM, Saarialho-Kere U. Distinct populations of stromal cells express collagenase-3 (MMP-13) and collagenase-1 (MMP-1) in chronic ulcers but not in normally healing wounds. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109:96-101. [PMID: 9204962 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis is an intrinsic component of cutaneous wound repair and several matrix metalloproteinases have been shown to participate in various stages of this process. Therefore, we investigated the expression of a novel metalloproteinase, collagenase-3 (MMP-13), in normally healing cutaneous wounds and chronic venous ulcers. MMP-13 was expressed abundantly by fibroblasts deep in the chronic ulcer bed but was not detected in epidermis and all the acute wounds. The spatial expression of MMP-13 differed from that of collagenase-1 (MMP-1), which was prominently expressed by migrating keratinocytes and dermal cells located just beneath the wound surface. Northern blot hybridization did not reveal expression of MMP-13 by fibroblasts cultured on tissue culture plastic. In accordance with our in vivo findings, however, fibroblasts grown in a collagen gel produced MMP-13 mRNA abundantly. Our results suggest that MMP-13 can be induced in skin during wound repair after altered cell-matrix interactions. Although both MMP-1 and MMP-13 have the unique ability to degrade fibrillar collagens, their regulation and role during wound repair seem different. Collagenase-1 is critical for re-epithelialization, and MMP-13 most likely plays a role in the remodeling of collagenous matrix in chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vaalamo
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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47
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Johansson N, Saarialho-Kere U, Airola K, Herva R, Nissinen L, Westermarck J, Vuorio E, Heino J, Kähäri VM. Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes, periosteal cells, and osteoblasts during human fetal bone development. Dev Dyn 1997; 208:387-97. [PMID: 9056642 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(199703)208:3<387::aid-aja9>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagenase-3 (MMP-13) is a novel matrix metalloproteinase, the expression of which has so far only been documented in human breast carcinomas and osteoarthritic cartilage. In this study we have examined the expression of MMP-13 during human fetal development. Northern blot hybridizations revealed abundant expression of MMP-13 mRNAs in total RNA from fetal cartilage and calvaria at gestational age of 15 weeks. By in situ hybridization MMP-13 transcripts were detected in chondrocytes of hypertrophic cartilage in vertebrae of the spinal column and in the dorsal end of ribs undergoing ossification, as well as in osteoblasts and periosteal cells below the inner periosteal region of ossified ribs. In contrast, no expression of MMP-13 could be detected in osteoclasts. Furthermore, expression of MMP-13 mRNA was detected in osteoblasts and fibroblasts primarily on the inner side of calvarial bone of the skull at 16 weeks of gestation. Expression of MMP-13 mRNA by primary human fetal chondrocytes in culture was enhanced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and inhibited by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). No expression of MMP-13 mRNA could be noted in other fetal tissues, including the skin, lungs, neural tissue, muscle, and liver. These results suggest that MMP-13 plays an important role in the extracellular matrix remodeling during fetal bone development both via endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Finland
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48
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Johansson N, Westermarck J, Leppä S, Häkkinen L, Koivisto L, López-Otín C, Peltonen J, Heino J, Kähäri VM. Collagenase 3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13) gene expression by HaCaT keratinocytes is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta. Cell Growth Differ 1997; 8:243-50. [PMID: 9040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Collagenase-3 (matrix metalloproteinase 13; MMP-13) is a novel matrix metalloproteinase, the expression of which to date has only been detected in human breast carcinoma tissue and osteoarthritic cartilage. Here, we show that MMP-13 transcripts are expressed by human HaCaT keratinocytes but not by primary human epidermal keratinocytes. The levels of MMP-13 mRNAs in HaCaT cells were enhanced up to 130- and 45-fold by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), respectively. The maximal induction of MMP-13 mRNAs by TNF-alpha was noted after a 6-h incubation, whereas with TGF-beta, the maximal stimulation was observed after 24 h. The up-regulation of MMP-13 mRNA abundance by TNF-alpha and TGF-beta was dependent on protein synthesis and was prevented partially by dexamethasone and retinoic acid. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated activation of MMP-13 gene transcription by TNF-alpha maximally at the 2-h time point and by TGF-beta after 12 h of treatment. Incubation of HaCaT keratinocytes with TNF-alpha and TGF-beta also increased production of proMMP-13 into the culture media, as detected by Western blotting. Our data indicate that the MMP-13 gene is expressed by transformed epidermal keratinocytes, suggesting a role for MMP-13 in the invasive capacity of human epidermal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Department of Dermatology, Turku University Central Hospital, Finland
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49
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Abstract
1. We investigated the contribution of skin strain-related sensory inputs to movement perception and execution in five normal volunteers. The dorsal and palmar skin of the middle phalanx and the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint were manipulated to generate specific strain patterns in the proximal part of the index finger. To mask sensations directly related to this manipulation, skin and deeper tissues were blocked distal to the mid-portion of the proximal phalanx of the index finger by local anaesthesia. 2. Subjects were asked to move their normal right index finger either to mimic any perceived movements of the anaesthetized finger or to touch the tip of the insentient finger. 3. All subjects readily reproduced actual movements induced by the experimenter at the anaesthetized PIP joint. However, all subjects also generated flexion movements when the experimenter did not induce actual movement but produced deformations in the sentient proximal skin that were similar to those observed during actual PIP joint flexion. Likewise, the subjects indicated extension movement at the PIP joint when strain patterns corresponding to extension movements were induced. 4. In contrast, when the skin strain in the proximal part of the index finger was damped by a ring applied just proximal to the PIP joint within the anaesthetized skin area, both tested subjects failed to perceive PIP movements that actually took place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Edin
- Department of Physiology, Umeå University, Sweden
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50
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Ljungman P, Johansson N, Aschan J, Glaumann H, Lönnqvist B, Ringdén O, Sparrelid E, Sönnerborg A, Winiarski J, Gahrton G. Long-term effects of hepatitis C virus infection in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Blood 1995; 86:1614-8. [PMID: 7632971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 161 patients transplanted between 1978 and 1991 and who had survived at least 2 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were studied. Of 161 surviving patients, 28 (17.4%) were positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) either by serology or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-five patients were positive for HCV RNA by PCR, and 26 of the 28 patients had HCV antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The median follow-up time of HCV-positive patients was 6.1 years (range, 2.8 to 14.0 years). There was no difference in the frequency or degree of liver dysfunction between patients who were PCR-positive or -negative before BMT. Six patients developed severe liver dysfunction after BMT, and five of these patients did so after discontinuation or tapering of immunosuppression. No patient has developed liver failure. Serum transaminases were abnormal at the time of last follow up in 19 of 28 (68%) patients. Fifteen patients have had liver biopsies. No biopsy showed development of cirrhosis. We conclude that HCV is not a major contributing factor to morbidity and mortality during the first 5 to 10 years after allogeneic BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ljungman
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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