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Taylor PS, Hemsworth PH, Morgan N, DeKoning C. Research note: Expert opinions of feather sucking and licking behavior in meat chicken breeder birds. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103692. [PMID: 38598915 PMCID: PMC11017051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Feather sucking, or feather licking, has been reported anecdotally by employees in the Australian meat chicken breeder industry, but scarcely in the scientific literature. Consequently, the causes and implications of this behavior in meat chicken breeding chickens is relatively unknown. We surveyed 17 industry experts to generate hypotheses about feather sucking behavior. We aimed to understand the frequency and when it occurs, and attempted to understand what may cause an "outbreak". The recruitment of participants was intentionally biased towards Australian perspectives; only 5 of the 17 participants were international. All participants, except 1, had seen feather sucking/licking behavior (94.1%) and most participants (80%) suggested that the behavior was most frequently observed during rearing. Participants presented varying concerns about this behavior, ranging from the perspective that it was "normal" and had no impact on welfare, to concerns about mating injuries due to damaged feathers, increased risk of feather pecking and cannibalism, and psychological stress indicated by expression of repetitive (seemingly) functionless behavior. "Feather licking," "feather sucking," "feather eating," and "feather pecking" were terms used interchangeably, leading to confusion by participants about the cause and implications of the target behavior. The most common factors reported as the cause were boredom (52.9%), nutritional deficiencies (47.1%), and feed restriction (41.2%) and more than 80% of respondents agreed that stress contributes to feather sucking. The outputs from this study reflect only a small, but expert, number of opinions on feather sucking/licking behaviors in the Australian meat chicken breeder industry. A systematic understanding of this behavior is needed to provide insight into causation and the implications for welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Taylor
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - P H Hemsworth
- The Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Morgan
- Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C DeKoning
- South Australian Research Development Institute, Roseworthy Campus, South Australia, Australia
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Timmins RG, Filopoulos D, Giannakis J, Nguyen V, Ruddy JD, Hickey JT, Maniar N, Pollard CW, Morgan N, Weakley J, Opar DA. The Effect of Eccentric or Isometric Training on Strength, Architecture, and Sprinting across an Australian Football Season. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:564-574. [PMID: 38051129 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of an isometric (ISO) or Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) intervention, alongside a sprint training program on hamstring strength, architecture, and sprinting performance in Australian footballers. METHODS Twenty-five male athletes undertook NHE ( n = 13) or ISO ( n = 12) training across a 38-wk period (including preseason and in season). Biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture, ISO, and eccentric knee flexor strength were assessed at baseline, at the end of preseason (14 wk), and at the conclusion of the intervention. Sprint times and force-velocity profiles were determined at baseline and at the end of preseason. RESULTS After the intervention, both groups had significant improvements in BFlh fascicle length (NHE: 1.16 cm, 95% CI = 0.68 to 1.63 cm, d = 1.88, P < 0.001; ISO: 0.82 cm, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.06 cm, d = 1.70, P < 0.001), muscle thickness (NHE: 0.11 cm, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.21 cm, d = 0.51, P = 0.032; ISO: 0.21 cm, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.32 cm, d = 0.86, P = 0.002), and eccentric strength (NHE: 83 N, 95% CI = 53 to 114 N, d = 1.79, P < 0.001; ISO: 83 N, 95% CI = 17 to 151 N, d = 1.17, P = 0.018). Both groups also finished the intervention weaker isometrically than they started (NHE: -45 N, 95% CI = -81 to -8 N, d = -1.03, P = 0.022; ISO: -80 N, 95% CI = -104 to -56 N, d = -3.35, P < 0.001). At the end of preseason, the NHE group had improved their 5-m sprint time by 3.3% ± 2.0%), and their maximum horizontal velocity was 3% ± 2.1% greater than the ISO group who saw no changes. CONCLUSIONS Both ISO and NHE training with a periodized sprinting program can increase BFlh fascicle length, thickness, and eccentric strength in Australian footballers. NHE training also improves 5-m sprint time and maximum velocity. However, both interventions reduced ISO strength. These findings provide unique, contextually relevant insights into the adaptations possible in semiprofessional athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Filopoulos
- Strength and Conditioning Department, Collingwood Football Club, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | - Jake Giannakis
- Strength and Conditioning Department, Collingwood Football Club, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | - Victor Nguyen
- Strength and Conditioning Department, Collingwood Football Club, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | - Joshua D Ruddy
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | | | | | - Christopher W Pollard
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Hager A, Güniat L, Morgan N, Ramanandan SP, Rudra A, Piazza V, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Dede D. The implementation of thermal and UV nanoimprint lithography for selective area epitaxy. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:445301. [PMID: 37494897 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acea87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) in horizontal configuration could provide a path for scalable NW-based devices. Bottom-up large-scale manufacturing of these nanostructures by selective area epitaxy (SAE) relies on precise nanopatterning of various shapes on the growth masks. Electron beam lithography offers an extraordinary accuracy suited for the purpose. However, this technique is not economically viable for large production as it has a low throughput and requires high investment and operational costs. Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has the potential to reduce fabrication time and costs significantly while requiring less sophisticated equipment. In this work, we utilize both thermal and UV NIL for patterning substrates for SAE, elucidating the advantages and disadvantages of each lithography technique. We demonstrate the epitaxial growth of Ge and GaAs NWs on these substrates, where we observe high-quality mono-crystalline structures. Even though both processes can produce small uniform structures suitable for SAE, our results show that UV NIL proves to be superior and enables reliable and efficient patterning of sub-100 nm mask features at the wafer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Hager
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Güniat
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santhanu Panikar Ramanandan
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alok Rudra
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Piazza
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didem Dede
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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Morgan N, Dubrovskii VG, Stief AK, Dede D, Sanglé-Ferrière M, Rudra A, Piazza V, Fontcuberta i Morral A. From Layer-by-Layer Growth to Nanoridge Formation: Selective Area Epitaxy of GaAs by MOVPE. Cryst Growth Des 2023; 23:5083-5092. [PMID: 37426543 PMCID: PMC10326851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective area epitaxy at the nanoscale enables fabrication of high-quality nanostructures in regular arrays with predefined geometry. Here, we investigate the growth mechanisms of GaAs nanoridges on GaAs (100) substrates in selective area trenches by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). It is found that pre-growth annealing results in the formation of valley-like structures of GaAs with atomic terraces inside the trenches. MOVPE growth of GaAs nanoridges consists of three distinct stages. Filling the trench in the first stage exhibits a step-flow growth behavior. Once the structure grows above the mask surface, it enters the second stage of growth by forming {101} side facets as the (100) flat top facet progressively shrinks. In the third stage, the fully formed nanoridge begins to overgrow onto the mask with a significantly reduced growth rate. We develop a kinetic model that accurately describes the width-dependent evolution of the nanoridge morphology through all three stages. MOVPE growth of fully formed nanoridges takes only about 1 min, which is 60 times faster than in our set of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) experiments reported recently, and with a more regular, triangular cross-sectional geometry defined solely by the {101} facets. In contrast to MBE, no material loss due to Ga adatom diffusion onto the mask surface is observed in MOVPE until the third stage of growth. These results are useful for the fabrication of GaAs nanoridges of different dimensions on the same substrate for various applications and can be extended to other material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Morgan
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir G. Dubrovskii
- Faculty
of Physics, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 13B, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ann-Kristin Stief
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didem Dede
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Sanglé-Ferrière
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alok Rudra
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Piazza
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta i Morral
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Huang C, Dede D, Morgan N, Piazza V, Hu X, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Lauhon LJ. Trapping Layers Prevent Dopant Segregation and Enable Remote Doping of Templated Self-Assembled InGaAs Nanowires. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37402180 PMCID: PMC10375592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Selective area epitaxy is a promising approach to define nanowire networks for topological quantum computing. However, it is challenging to concurrently engineer nanowire morphology, for carrier confinement, and precision doping, to tune carrier density. We report a strategy to promote Si dopant incorporation and suppress dopant diffusion in remote doped InGaAs nanowires templated by GaAs nanomembrane networks. Growth of a dilute AlGaAs layer following doping of the GaAs nanomembrane induces incorporation of Si that otherwise segregates to the growth surface, enabling precise control of the spacing between the Si donors and the undoped InGaAs channel; a simple model captures the influence of Al on the Si incorporation rate. Finite element modeling confirms that a high electron density is produced in the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Didem Dede
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Route Cantonale, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Route Cantonale, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Piazza
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Route Cantonale, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xiaobing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Route Cantonale, Lausanne, Vaud 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Spuerck I, Stankovic M, Fatima SZ, Yilmas E, Morgan N, Jacob J, Edbrooke-Childs J, Vostanis P. International youth mental health case study of peer researchers' experiences. Res Involv Engagem 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37189172 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-023-00443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of young people as peer researchers, especially with lived experience, is increasingly considered important in youth mental health research. Yet, there is variation in the understanding of the role, and limited evidence on its implementation across different research systems. This case study focusses on the barriers and enablers of implementing peer researcher roles within and across majority world countries contexts. METHODS Based on an international youth mental health project involving different levels of peer researchers and participants from eight countries, peer researchers and a co-ordinating career researcher reflect on lessons regarding enabling and challenging factors. These reflections are captured and integrated by a systematic insight analysis process. RESULTS Building on existing international networks, it was feasible to actively involve peer researchers with lived experience in a multi-country mental health study, who in turn recruited and engaged young participants. Identified challenges include the terminology and definition of the role, cultural differences in mental health concepts, and consistency across countries and sites. DISCUSSION Peer researchers' role could be strengthened and mainstreamed in the future through ongoing international networks, training, sufficient planning, and active influence throughout the research process. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jenna Jacob
- Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Panos Vostanis
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Ravaccia GG, Johnson SL, Morgan N, Lereya ST, Edbrooke-Childs J. Experiences of Using the Digital Support Tool MeeToo: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e37424. [PMID: 36264619 PMCID: PMC9629342 DOI: 10.2196/37424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital peer support is an increasingly used form of mental health support for young people. However, there is a need for more research on the impact of digital peer support and why it has an impact. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to examine young people's experiences of using a digital peer support tool: MeeToo. After the time of writing, MeeToo has changed their name to Tellmi. MeeToo is an anonymous, fully moderated peer support tool for young people aged 11-25 years. There were two research questions: (1) What impacts did using MeeToo have on young people? (2) Why did using MeeToo have these impacts on young people? METHODS A mixed methods study was conducted. It involved secondary analysis of routinely collected feedback questionnaires, which were completed at two time points (T1 and T2) 2-3 months apart. Questionnaires asked about young people's (N=876) experience of using MeeToo, mental health empowerment, and well-being. Primary data were collected from semistructured interviews with 10 young people. RESULTS Overall, 398 (45.4%) of 876 young people completed the T1 questionnaire, 559 (63.8%) completed the T2 questionnaire, and 81 (9.2%) completed both. Descriptive statistics from the cross-sectional analysis of the questionnaires identified a range of positive impacts of using MeeToo, which included making it easier to talk about difficult things, being part of a supportive community, providing new ways to help oneself, feeling better, and feeling less alone. Subgroup analysis (paired-sample t test) of 58 young females who had completed both T1 and T2 questionnaires showed a small but statistically significant increase in levels of patient activation, one of the subscales of the mental health empowerment scale: time 1 mean=1.83 (95% CI 1.72-1.95), time 2 mean=2.00 (95% CI 1.89-2.11), t59=2.15, and P=.04. Anonymity and the MeeToo sense of community were identified from interviews as possible reasons for why using MeeToo had these impacts. Anonymity helped to create a safe space in which users could express their feelings, thoughts, and experiences freely without the fear of being judged by others. The MeeToo sense of community was described as a valuable form of social connectedness, which in turn had a positive impact on young people's mental health and made them feel less isolated and alone. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research showed a range of positive impacts and possible processes for young people using MeeToo. Future research is needed to examine how these impacts and processes can be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gaia Ravaccia
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Laura Johnson
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzet Tanya Lereya
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Edbrooke-Childs
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
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Trytell A, Paratz ED, Van Heusden A, Zentner D, Morgan N, Smith K, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, Parsons S, La Gerche A. Prevalence of illicit drug use in young sudden cardiac death patients; an Australian prospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Illicit drug use may accelerate coronary disease and cardiac hypertrophy or stimulate arrhythmias. Rates of illicit drug use in young sudden cardiac death (SCD) patients are uncertain.
Purpose
To identify rates of illicit drug use in young SCD patients in Australia.
Methods
A prospective multi-centre registry identified out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients aged 1–50 years between April 2019 and April 2020. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without illicit drug use (defined by toxicological results or reported regular use). Illicit drugs included stimulants such as amphetamine-type substances and cocaine, or non-stimulants such as heroin, cannabis and novel psychoactive substances (cathinones and synthetic cannabinoids).
Results
770 OHCAs occurred, with 555 patients undergoing forensic assessment. 287 patients had confirmed cardiac cause of OHCA, with 274 undergoing toxicological assessment and 79 (28.8%) having positive toxicology for illicit drugs (n=60) or reported regular drug use (n=19). An additional 121 patients experienced non-cardiac SCD due to illicit drug toxicity, resulting in a total of 200 patients (36.0% of OHCAs) with illicit drug use. Patients with SCD and illicit drug use were more commonly male (86.1% vs 72.3%, p=0.015), regular smokers (36.7% vs 21.5%, p=0.009), had cardiomegaly (76.5% vs 57.5%, p=0.007), and higher rates of coronary disease and cardiomyopathy (coronary disease 44.3% vs 33.3%, cardiomyopathy 30.4% vs 18.5%, p=0.003). Methamphetamines (n=42, 53.1%) were the most common illicit drug identified and polysubstance abuse occurred frequently (n=15, 19.0%).
Conclusion
Approximately one-third of young SCD patients use illicit drugs, with high rates of polysubstance abuse. Illicit drug use in SCD patients is associated with coronary disease and cardiomyopathy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trytell
- St Vincent's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - E D Paratz
- St Vincent's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - D Zentner
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - N Morgan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - K Smith
- Ambulance Victoria , Melbourne , Australia
| | - T Thompson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - P James
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - V Connell
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Pflaumer
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - J Ingles
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney , Australia
| | - D Stub
- The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - S Parsons
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A La Gerche
- St Vincent's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
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11
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Paratz E, Van Heusden A, Zentner D, Morgan N, Smith K, Ball J, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, Parsons S, La Gerche A. Prevalence of coronary artery anomalies in young sudden cardiac death: insights from a prospective state-wide registry. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) have been previously implicated as a major cause of young sudden cardiac death (SCD), particularly in exercise-related SCD with a reported prevalence of up to 33%.
Methods
A state-wide prospective out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry identified all patients aged 1–50 years who experienced an SCD and underwent autopsy from April 2019 to April 2021. Rates of normal anatomy, normal variants and CAAs were identified and circumstances and cause of death for patients with CAAs examined.
Results
Of 1,477 patients who experienced cardiac arrest during the study period, 490 underwent autopsy and were confirmed to have experienced SCD. Of these 490 patients, five (1.0%) had a CAA identified with three having anomalies of coronary origin and two having anomalies of coronary course. In no cases was the CAA deemed responsible for the SCD. In two cases, severe coronary disease and intra-coronary thrombus with histological evidence of acute myocardial infarction were identified, in the third critical coronary disease was found, the fourth had an unrelated thoracic aortic dissection and the fifth had cardiomegaly in the setting of illicit drug use. Of 27 patients who experienced their SCD during exercise, only one had a CAA identified (the patient with thoracic aortic dissection).
Conclusion
In this prospective cohort of consecutive young patients with SCD who underwent autopsy, CAAs occurred in 1.0% of patients and did not cause any deaths. The role of CAAs in causing young SCD appears to be less significant than previously hypothesised.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): NHMRC, NHF
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paratz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Van Heusden
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - D Zentner
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - N Morgan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - K Smith
- Ambulance Victoria , Melbourne , Australia
| | - J Ball
- Ambulance Victoria , Melbourne , Australia
| | - T Thompson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - P James
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - V Connell
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Pflaumer
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - C Semsarian
- University of Sydney, Heart Research Institute , Sydney , Australia
| | - J Ingles
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney , Australia
| | - D Stub
- The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - S Parsons
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A La Gerche
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
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12
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Paratz E, Rowe S, Van Heusden A, Thompson T, Morgan N, Smith K, James P, Pflaumer A, Connell V, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Parsons S, Stub D, Zentner D, La Gerche A. Clinical and pathologic features of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in pregnancy: insights from a state-wide registry. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of indirect maternal mortality worldwide, and cardiac arrest occurs in up to 1 in 12,000 pregnancies.
Objective
To define rates, clinical and pathologic factors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in pregnant and post-partum females.
Methods
A prospective state-wide cardiac arrest registry combining ambulance, hospital and forensic data captured all OHCAs from 2019–2021. Clinical and pathological details for pregnant patients were identified.
Results
1,482 OHCAs occurred, including 376 females of child-bearing age of whom eight were pregnant or post-partum. OHCA incidence was lower in pregnant females compared to non-pregnant females of child-bearing age (5.2 OHCAs per 100,000 pregnant females vs 23.1 per 100,000 females of child-bearing age, p<0.0001). Seven patients (87.5%) died, with five (62.5%) having a cardiac cause of OHCA (unascertained = 2, cardiomyopathy = 2 (1 hypertrophic), ischemic heart disease = 1). Two patients had pre-existing cardiac risk factors, but none had a cardiac diagnosis pre-arrest. Compared to in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCAs) in pregnancy, OHCAs are more likely to have a cardiac cause (odds ratio 3.81) and lower maternal survival (odds ratio 0.09).
Conclusion
Maternal OHCA affects approximately 1 in 20,000 pregnancies with high maternal mortality rates. OHCA occurs at one-quarter the rate in non-pregnant females of child-bearing age. Approximately two-thirds of maternal OHCAs had an underlying cardiac cause, but low rates of cardiac diagnosis pre-arrest. OHCAs differ markedly from IHCAs in pregnant females, requiring ongoing evaluation as to specific causes and preventability.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): NHMRC, NHF
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paratz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - S Rowe
- St Vincent's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Van Heusden
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - T Thompson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - N Morgan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - K Smith
- Ambulance Victoria , Melbourne , Australia
| | - P James
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Pflaumer
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - V Connell
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - C Semsarian
- University of Sydney, Heart Research Institute , Sydney , Australia
| | - J Ingles
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney , Australia
| | - S Parsons
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - D Stub
- The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - D Zentner
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A La Gerche
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
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13
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Ashokkumar S, Paratz E, Van Heusden A, Smith K, Zentner D, Morgan N, Parsons S, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, La Gerche A. Obesity in young sudden cardiac death: rates, clinical features, and insights into people with body mass index >50kg/m2. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Obesity is common in young sudden cardiac death (SCD) victims but it is unclear whether it is more common than in the general population. This study aimed to contextualize young SCD obesity rates, identifying clinical and pathologic features in WHO class II and III obesity.
Methods
A prospective state-wide out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry included all SCDs in Victoria, Australia from 2019–2021. Body mass indices (BMIs) of patients 18–50 years were compared to age-referenced general population. Characteristics of SCD patients with WHO Class II obesity (BMI ≥30kg/m2) and non-obesity (BMI <30kg/m2) were compared. Clinical characteristics of people with BMI >50kg/m2 were assessed.
Results
504 patients were included. Obesity was strongly over-represented in young SCD compared to the age-matched general population (55.0% vs 28.7%, p<0.0001). Obese SCD patients more frequently had hypertension, diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea (p<0.0001, p=0.009 and p=0.001 respectively), ventricular fibrillation as their arrest rhythm (p=0.008) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (p<0.0001). Obese patients were less likely to have toxicology positive for illicit substances (22.0% vs 32.6%, p=0.008) or significant alcohol history (18.8% vs 26.9%, p=0.030). Patients with BMI >50 kg/m2 represented 8.5% of young SCD. LVH (n=26, 60.5%) was their predominant cause of death and only 10 (9.3%) patients died from coronary disease.
Conclusion
Over half of young Australian SCD patients are obese, with all obesity classes over-represented compared to the general population. Obese patients had more cardiac risk factors. Almost two thirds of patients with BMI>50 kg/m2 died with LVH, with fewer than 10% dying from coronary disease.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Paratz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Van Heusden
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - K Smith
- Ambulance Victoria , Melbourne , Australia
| | - D Zentner
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - N Morgan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - S Parsons
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Melbourne , Australia
| | - T Thompson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - P James
- Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - V Connell
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Pflaumer
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - J Ingles
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney , Australia
| | - D Stub
- The Alfred Hospital , Melbourne , Australia
| | - A La Gerche
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
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14
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Dede D, Glas F, Piazza V, Morgan N, Friedl M, Güniat L, Nur Dayi E, Balgarkashi A, Dubrovskii VG, Fontcuberta I Morral A. Selective area epitaxy of GaAs: the unintuitive role of feature size and pitch. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:485604. [PMID: 35952545 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac88d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective area epitaxy (SAE) provides the path for scalable fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures in a device-compatible configuration. In the current paradigm, SAE is understood as localized epitaxy, and is modelled by combining planar and self-assembled nanowire growth mechanisms. Here we use GaAs SAE as a model system to provide a different perspective. First, we provide evidence of the significant impact of the annealing stage in the calculation of the growth rates. Then, by elucidating the effect of geometrical constraints on the growth of the semiconductor crystal, we demonstrate the role of adatom desorption and resorption beyond the direct-impingement and diffusion-limited regime. Our theoretical model explains the effect of these constraints on the growth, and in particular why the SAE growth rate is highly sensitive to the pattern geometry. Finally, the disagreement of the model at the largest pitch points to non-negligible multiple adatom recycling between patterned features. Overall, our findings point out the importance of considering adatom diffusion, adsorption and desorption dynamics in designing the SAE pattern to create pre-determined nanoscale structures across a wafer. These results are fundamental for the SAE process to become viable in the semiconductor industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Dede
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Glas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Palaiseau, France
| | - Valerio Piazza
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Friedl
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Güniat
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elif Nur Dayi
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akshay Balgarkashi
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Materials, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Morgan N, Bhuiyan M, Wallace A, Hopcroft R. Comparing a single dose of xylanase to a double dose or cocktail of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in broiler chicken diets. Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2022.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compared supplementation with a single dose of xylanase to a double dose of xylanase or a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzyme cocktail (NSP-ase cocktail) on productive performance, nutrient utilisation and the gastrointestinal environment in broilers fed commercial diets. Cobb 500 broilers (n=1,080) were fed 12 dietary treatments; four Australian commercial diets (based on wheat-barley, wheat-maize, wheat-sorghum or wheat only) with three different enzyme treatments (single dose of xylanase (16,000 BXU/kg), double dose of xylanase (32,000 BXU/kg) or NSP-ase cocktail (xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, mannanase, galactanase, arabinofuranosidase). There were 108 pens, nine replicates per dietary treatment, with 10 birds per pen. Performance (total pen body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio corrected for mortality) was determined at d 0-35. On d 35, one male and one female were weighed individually and used to determine breast meat, thigh and drumstick weight, dry matter (DM) contents from the gizzard, jejunum and ileum, ileal protein, energy, starch and dry matter digestibility, ileal viscosity and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) concentration, caecal microbiota and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) composition. The double dose of xylanase and NSP-ase cocktail had no effect on bird performance, meat yield, ileal viscosity, ileal starch, energy or DM digestibility or digesta DM content. The double xylanase dose and NSP-ase cocktail increased protein digestibility in birds fed the wheat-sorghum based diet (P=0.041) and increased caecal concentration of butyric acid in birds fed the wheat-maize based diet (P=0.040), and propionic, valeric and lactic acid and Bifidobacteria and Enterobacteria spp. in birds fed the wheat-based diet (P<0.05). The double xylanase dose increased XOS production, particularly in birds fed the wheat-barley based diets (P<0.05). The lack of performance effects observed when feeding the double xylanase dose or NSP-ase cocktail suggested that the current recommended xylanase dose (16,000 BXU/kg) is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Morgan
- Curtin University, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
- University of New England, School of Rural and Environmental Sciences, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - M.M. Bhuiyan
- University of New England, School of Rural and Environmental Sciences, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - A. Wallace
- University of New England, School of Rural and Environmental Sciences, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - R. Hopcroft
- Inghams Enterprises Pty Ltd, North Ryde, New South Wales, 1670, Australia
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16
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Güniat L, Tappy N, Balgarkashi A, Charvin T, Lemerle R, Morgan N, Dede D, Kim W, Piazza V, Leran JB, Tizei LHG, Kociak M, Fontcuberta i Morral A. Nanoscale Mapping of Light Emission in Nanospade-Based InGaAs Quantum Wells Integrated on Si(100): Implications for Dual Light-Emitting Devices. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2022; 5:5508-5515. [PMID: 35492438 PMCID: PMC9039963 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
III-V semiconductors outperform Si in many optoelectronics applications due to their high carrier mobility, efficient light emission and absorption processes, and the possibility to engineer their band gap through alloying. However, complementing Si technology with III-V semiconductors by integration on Si(100) remains a challenge still today. Vertical nanospades (NSPDs) are quasi-bi-crystal III-V nanostructures that grow on Si(100). Here, we showcase the potential of these structures in optoelectronics application by demonstrating InGaAs heterostructures on GaAs NSPDs that exhibit bright emission in the near-infrared region. Using cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging, we are able to study light emission properties at a few nanometers of spatial resolution, well below the optical diffraction limit. We observe a symmetric spatial luminescence splitting throughout the NSPD. We correlate this characteristic to the structure's crystal nature, thus opening new perspectives for dual wavelength light-emitting diode structures. This work paves the path for integrating optically active III-V structures on the Si(100) platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Güniat
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Tappy
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akshay Balgarkashi
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Titouan Charvin
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Lemerle
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didem Dede
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wonjong Kim
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Piazza
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Leran
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luiz H. G. Tizei
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique
des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Kociak
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique
des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Anna Fontcuberta i Morral
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute
of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Güniat L, Ghisalberti L, Wang L, Dais C, Morgan N, Dede D, Kim W, Balgarkashi A, Leran JB, Minamisawa R, Solak H, Carter C, Fontcuberta I Morral A. GaAs nanowires on Si nanopillars: towards large scale, phase-engineered arrays. Nanoscale Horiz 2022; 7:211-219. [PMID: 35040457 PMCID: PMC8802830 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00553g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale patterning for vapor-liquid-solid growth of III-V nanowires is a challenge given the required feature size for patterning (45 to 60 nm holes). In fact, arrays are traditionally manufactured using electron-beam lithography,for which processing times increase greatly when expanding the exposure area. In order to bring nanowire arrays one step closer to the wafer-scale we take a different approach and replace patterned nanoscale holes with Si nanopillar arrays. The method is compatible with photolithography methods such as phase-shift lithography or deep ultraviolet (DUV) stepper lithography. We provide clear evidence on the advantage of using nanopillars as opposed to nanoscale holes both for the control on the growth mechanisms and for the scalability. We identify the engineering of the contact angle as the key parameter to optimize the yield. In particular, we demonstrate how nanopillar oxidation is key to stabilize the Ga catalyst droplet and engineer the contact angle. We demonstrate how the position of the triple phase line at the SiO2/Si as opposed to the SiO2/vacuum interface is central for a successful growth. We compare our experiments with simulations performed in surface evolver™ and observe a strong correlation. Large-scale arrays using phase-shift lithography result in a maximum local vertical yield of 67% and a global chip-scale yield of 40%. We believe that, through a greater control over key processing steps typically achieved in a semiconductor fab it is possible to push this yield to 90+% and open perspectives for deterministic nanowire phase engineering at the wafer-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Güniat
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lea Ghisalberti
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Li Wang
- EULITHA, Studacherstrasse 7B, 5416 Kirchdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christian Dais
- EULITHA, Studacherstrasse 7B, 5416 Kirchdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didem Dede
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wonjong Kim
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akshay Balgarkashi
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Leran
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renato Minamisawa
- FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, Switzerland
| | - Harun Solak
- EULITHA, Studacherstrasse 7B, 5416 Kirchdorf, Switzerland
| | - Craig Carter
- Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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18
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Ashokkumar S, Paratz E, van Heusden A, Smith K, Zentner D, Morgan N, Parsons S, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, La Gerche A. Obesity in Young Sudden Cardiac Death: Rates, Clinical Features, and Insights Into People With Body Mass Index >50 kg/m2. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Paratz E, van Heusden A, Ball J, Smith K, Thompson T, Zentner D, James P, Parsons S, Morgan N, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, La Gerche A. Inconsistent Discharge Diagnoses for Young Cardiac Arrest Episodes: Insights From a State-wide Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Paratz E, van Heusden A, Ball J, Smith K, Zentner D, James P, Thompson T, Morgan N, Parsons S, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Stub D, La Gerche A. Predictors and Outcomes of In-Hospital Referrals for Forensic Investigation After Young Sudden Cardiac Death. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Paratz E, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Morgan N, Smith K, Ball J, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Parsons S, Stub D, La Gerche A. Prevalence of Coronary Artery Anomalies in Young Sudden Cardiac Death: Insights From a Prospective State-Wide Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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22
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Paratz E, Rowe S, van Heusden A, Thompson T, Morgan N, Smith K, James P, Pflaumer A, Connell V, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Parsons S, Stub D, Zentner D, La Gerche A. Clinical and Pathologic Features of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy: Insights From a State-Wide Registry. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Paratz E, van Heusden A, Smith K, Ball J, Zentner D, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Connell V, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Ingles J, Parsons S, Stub D, La Gerche A. Higher Rates But Similar Causes of Young Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Rural Australian Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Thompson T, Morgan N, Connell V, Zentner D, Woodford N, Davis A, Pflaumer A, Parsons S, James P. A Model for Collaboration: Sudden Death Pathway. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sales CMD, Martins F, Alves MM, Carletto S, Conejo-Cerón S, da Silva LC, Čuš A, Edridge C, Ferreira N, Hancheva C, Lima EMA, Liverpool S, Midgley N, Moltrecht B, Moreno-Peral P, Morgan N, Mortimer R, Mota CP, Pietrabissa G, Sousa S, Ulberg R, Edbrooke-Childs J. Patient and Public Involvement in Youth Mental Health Research: Protocol for a Systematic Review of Practices and Impact. Front Psychol 2021; 12:703624. [PMID: 34803797 PMCID: PMC8603822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Various health settings have advocated for involving patients and members of the public (PPI) in research as a means to increase quality and relevance of the produced knowledge. However, youth PPI has been an understudied area. This protocol paper describes a new project that aims to summarize what is known about PPI with young people in mental health research. In line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guidelines we will identify and appraise suitable articles and extract and synthesize relevant information including at least two reviewers at each stage of the process. Results will be presented in two systematic reviews that will describe (a) how youth PPI has been conducted (Review1) and (b) what impact youth PPI had on the subsequent research and on stakeholders (Review2). To our knowledge, this is the first set of reviews that uses a critical appraisal tool, which is co-developed with children and young people. Findings from this project will provide valuable insights and set out the key steps to adopting adequate PPI methods when involving children and young people in mental health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia M D Sales
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Psychology, University of Porto (CPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa M Alves
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Carletto
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luis Costa da Silva
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,Child Outcomes Research Consortium, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Čuš
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chloe Edridge
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,Child Outcomes Research Consortium, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Esperanca M A Lima
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shaun Liverpool
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Midgley
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Moltrecht
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas Morgan
- Child Outcomes Research Consortium, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Mortimer
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Pinheiro Mota
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Sousa
- School of Digital Technologies, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Randi Ulberg
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatry at Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julian Edbrooke-Childs
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, London, United Kingdom.,Child Outcomes Research Consortium, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Morgan N, Bhuiyan MM, Nguyen TNA, Middlebrook T, Hopcroft R. Dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide level and composition influences grower and finisher phase performance, excreta moisture content and total tract nutrient digestibility in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:759-770. [PMID: 33896287 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1919995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide (sNSP) level and composition on grower and finisher phase performance, total tract nutrient digestibility and excreta moisture content in broiler chickens.2. Cobb 500 broilers (n = 1080) were fed 12 dietary treatments; four diets with differing primary grain sources (barley, corn, sorghum and wheat) and three different sNSP levels (low, medium and high). Diets were formulated to have similar protein and energy levels but differing sNSP levels, induced by manipulating the quantity of the ingredients in the diet. The diets were fed in three phases, starter (d 0-12), grower (d 12-23) and finisher (d 23-31).3. For birds aged d 23 and 31, total pen body weight and feed intake were determined, and fresh excreta and litter samples were collected per pen. Dry matter (DM) content was measured in the excreta and litter samples. Total tract DM digestibility, apparent metabolisable energy corrected to nitrogen (AMEn), and soluble and insoluble NSP and free oligosaccharide degradability were evaluated.4. In birds fed the sorghum- and corn-based diets, feeding high sNSP resulted in a lower cFCR at d 0-23 compared to low sNSP (P = 0.004 and P = 0.044, respectively). In birds fed the corn-based diet, feeding low sNSP resulted in the lowest litter DM but highest DM digestibility at d 23 (P = 0.045 and P < 0.001) and d 31 (P = 0.022 and P = 0.008). For all diets, degradability of sNSP was higher and insoluble NSP was lower when feeding low compared to high sNSP (P < 0.001). In birds fed the barley- and sorghum-based diets, AMEn was lower when feeding the low compared to high sNSP level (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively).6. Results from this study showed that level of dietary sNSP impacts broiler productive performance and nutrient utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Morgan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - M M Bhuiyan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - T N A Nguyen
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | - R Hopcroft
- Inghams Enterprises Pty Ltd, North Ryde, Australia
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27
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Musigwa S, Cozannet P, Morgan N, Kheravii SK, Swick RA, Wu SB. Efficacy of supplemental multi-carbohydrases in broiler diets depends on soluble arabinoxylan-to-total arabinoxylan content. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:528-538. [PMID: 33563046 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1884652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of multi-carbohydrase enzymes (MC) on net energy (NE), performance and gene expression in Cobb 500 broilers fed diets containing different levels of soluble and total arabinoxylan (sAX/tAX) ratios.2. The study employed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, with factors including with or without MC and three ratios of sAX/tAX: high (HS, 27.3%), intermediate (IS, 21.3%) and low (LS, 15.7%).3. Six dietary treatments were formulated, with each diet replicated five times in the calorimetric study (Experiment 1) and eight times for a floor pen feeding trial (Experiment 2).4. Experiment 1 showed significant (P < 0.01) MC × sAX/tAX interactions for apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and NE. These interactions indicated that the supplemental MC increased AME only in the HS diet, and NE in the HS and LS diets.5. Experiment 2 results showed MC × sAX/tAX interactions for feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.01) and ileal digesta viscosity (P < 0.05), demonstrating that MC lowered FCR only in the LS-fed birds, and reduced digesta viscosity only in the HS-fed birds. Apparent ileal digestible crude protein (AID CP) was negatively correlated with ileal digesta viscosity (r = -0.735, P < 0.001), which suggested that increasing ileal digesta viscosity reduced AID CP.6. A significant (P < 0.05) MC × sAX/tAX interaction was observed for duodenal COX III mRNA gene expression, which indicated that this gene was upregulated in the IS-fed birds relative to the HS-fed birds, but only when MC was added. This gene was downregulated (P < 0.05) in the muscle in the presence of MC application in all diets.7. The results from this study showed that supplemental MC can improve NE and FCR in birds fed diets containing the low sAX/tAX ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Musigwa
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - P Cozannet
- Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition (CERN), Adisseo France SAS, Antony, France
| | - N Morgan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - S K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - R A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - S-B Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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28
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Paratz E, Ross L, van Heusden A, Zentner D, Thompson T, James P, Smith K, Ball J, Pflaumer A, Stub D, La Gerche A, Morgan N, Bouwer H, Lynch M, Parsons S. Unrecognised Intracoronary IgG4-Related Disease: A Rare Cause of Two Sudden Cardiac Deaths. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Robbins T, Kyrou I, Laird S, Morgan N, Anderson N, Imray C, Patel K, Sankar S, Randeva H, Jones C. Healthcare staff perceptions and misconceptions regarding antibody testing in the United Kingdom: implications for the next steps for antibody screening. J Hosp Infect 2020; 111:102-106. [PMID: 33309938 PMCID: PMC7834281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers have been at increased risk of exposure, infection and serious complications from COVID-19. Antibody testing has been used to identify staff members who have been previously infected by SARS-CoV-2, and has been rolled out rapidly in the United Kingdom. A number of comment and editorial articles have been published that raise concerns about antibody testing in this context. We present perceptions of National Health Service (NHS) healthcare workers in relation to SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. METHODS An electronic survey regarding perceptions towards SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing was distributed to all healthcare workers at a major NHS tertiary hospital following implementation of antibody testing. RESULTS In total, 560 healthcare workers completed the survey (80% female; 25% of Black and Minority Ethnic background; 58% from frontline clinical staff). Exploring whether they previously had COVID-19 was the primary reported reason for choosing to undergo antibody testing (85.2%). In case of a positive antibody test, 72% reported that they would feel relieved, whilst 48% felt that they would be happier to work in a patient-facing area. Moreover, 12% responded that a positive test would mean "social distancing is less important", with 34% of the responders indicating that in this case they would be both less likely to catch COVID-19 and happier to visit friends/relatives. CONCLUSIONS NHS staff members primarily seek out SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing for an appropriate reason. Based on our findings and given the lack of definite data regarding the extent of immunity protection from a positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, significant concerns may be raised regarding the reported interpretation by healthcare workers of positive antibody test results. This needs to be further explored and addressed to protect NHS staff and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Robbins
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - I Kyrou
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S Laird
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - N Morgan
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - N Anderson
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - C Imray
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - K Patel
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S Sankar
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - H Randeva
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Jones
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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30
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Paratz E, Rowsell L, Ball J, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Stub D, Liew D, Smith K, La Gerche A. Economic impact of sudden cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Each year, there are approximately 5,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) in the state of Victoria, Australia (population 6.4 million, state healthcare budget AUD$2.9 billion / €1.8billion). Mortality from OHCA approaches ninety percent. High mortality rates and survivors not returning to work is likely to have an adverse effect on the Victorian economy but this has not been previously investigated.
Purpose
To model the economic impact of OHCA mortality and survivors not returning to work.
Methods
Data on all OHCAs transported by Ambulance Victoria from July 2017- June 2018 in Victoria, Australia was collected, including age, gender, survival to hospital, survival to discharge, and survival to 12 months. Cases were excluded if arrest was precipitated by trauma, exsanguination, overdose, terminal illness, hanging, SIDS, electrocution, sepsis, respiratory causes, drowning, or neurological causes. Pre-arrest employment status of patients was modelled using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Economic Security dataset, which provides contemporary employment rates for gender-matched five-year cohorts for Australians aged 15–79 years. For survivors to 12 months, pre-arrest and post-arrest work status were confirmed. Economic impact was then calculated to a five year horizon utilizing a Markov model with probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
Results
4,934 arrests meeting the inclusion criteria were transported by Ambulance Victoria in twelve months, of whom 4,639 were determined to be cardiac arrests without any exclusion criteria as a precipitant. 695 patients survived to hospital (15.0%), and 325 to discharge (7.0%). At 12 months, 303 patients were alive (6.5% of overall cases, 93.2% of those discharged from hospital). Economic modelling of age and gender-matched data indicated that 1516 patients (35%) would have been employed pre-cardiac arrest, but only 216 survivors (4.7%) would be employed at five years post-arrest. Using Markov modelling incorporating estimated earnings and the pre-determined value of a statistical life, the annual economic burden of cardiac arrest approximated AUD$4 billion (€2.5 billion) at a five-year horizon.
Conclusion
The annual economic impact of cardiac arrest in Victoria, Australia is approximately AUD$4 billion (€2.5 billion) in a five-year horizon. As the annual Victorian state budget for all healthcare is AUD$2.93 billion (€1.8 billion), our data suggests that the economic impact of cardiac arrest is under-appreciated. Therefore, research in this area and providing state-of-the-art care for all cardiac arrest patients should be a healthcare priority.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): NHMRC/NHF Postgraduate Scholarship, RACP JJ Billings Scholarship
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Affiliation(s)
- E Paratz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Rowsell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Ball
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Zentner
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Parsons
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Morgan
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Thompson
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P James
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Pflaumer
- Royal Children's Hospital, Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Semsarian
- University of Sydney, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Stub
- The Alfred Hospital, Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Liew
- Monash University, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Smith
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A La Gerche
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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31
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Androić D, Armstrong DS, Asaturyan A, Bartlett K, Beaufait J, Beminiwattha RS, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Birchall J, Carlini RD, Cornejo JC, Dusa SC, Dalton MM, Davis CA, Deconinck W, Dowd JF, Dunne JA, Dutta D, Duvall WS, Elaasar M, Falk WR, Finn JM, Forest T, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gericke MTW, Grames J, Gray VM, Grimm K, Guo F, Hoskins JR, Jones D, Jones MK, Jones RT, Kargiantoulakis M, King PM, Korkmaz E, Kowalski S, Leacock J, Leckey JP, Lee AR, Lee JH, Lee L, MacEwan S, Mack D, Magee JA, Mahurin R, Mammei J, Martin JW, McHugh MJ, Meekins D, Mei J, Mesick KE, Michaels R, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Morgan N, Narayan A, Ndukum LZ, Nelyubin V, van Oers WTH, Owen VF, Page SA, Pan J, Paschke KD, Phillips SK, Pitt ML, Radloff RW, Rajotte JF, Ramsay WD, Roche J, Sawatzky B, Seva T, Shabestari MH, Silwal R, Simicevic N, Smith GR, Solvignon P, Spayde DT, Subedi A, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, Tobias WA, Tvaskis V, Waidyawansa B, Wang P, Wells SP, Wood SA, Yang S, Zang P, Zhamkochyan S. Precision Measurement of the Beam-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Forward-Angle Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:112502. [PMID: 32976004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A beam-normal single-spin asymmetry generated in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons from unpolarized nucleons is an observable related to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange process. We report a 2% precision measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering with a mean scattering angle of θ_{lab}=7.9° and a mean energy of 1.149 GeV. The asymmetry result is B_{n}=-5.194±0.067(stat)±0.082 (syst) ppm. This is the most precise measurement of this quantity available to date and therefore provides a stringent test of two-photon exchange models at far-forward scattering angles (θ_{lab}→0) where they should be most reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Androić
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR 10002, Croatia
| | | | - A Asaturyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - K Bartlett
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J Beaufait
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R S Beminiwattha
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - J Benesch
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - F Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, Pittburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
| | - J Birchall
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - R D Carlini
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J C Cornejo
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S Covrig Dusa
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M M Dalton
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - C A Davis
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - W Deconinck
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J F Dowd
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - J A Dunne
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - D Dutta
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - W S Duvall
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - M Elaasar
- Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70126, USA
| | - W R Falk
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J M Finn
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - T Forest
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - C Gal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M T W Gericke
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Grames
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V M Gray
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - K Grimm
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - F Guo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J R Hoskins
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - D Jones
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - M K Jones
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R T Jones
- University of Connecticut, Storrs-Mansfield, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | | | - P M King
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Korkmaz
- University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N4Z9, Canada
| | - S Kowalski
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Leacock
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J P Leckey
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - A R Lee
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J H Lee
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - L Lee
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - S MacEwan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - D Mack
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J A Magee
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - R Mahurin
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Mammei
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J W Martin
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - M J McHugh
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Mei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K E Mesick
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 088754, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - A Mkrtchyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - H Mkrtchyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - N Morgan
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A Narayan
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - L Z Ndukum
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - V Nelyubin
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - W T H van Oers
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - V F Owen
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - S A Page
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - J Pan
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - K D Paschke
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - S K Phillips
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - M L Pitt
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | - J F Rajotte
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W D Ramsay
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Seva
- University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR 10002, Croatia
| | - M H Shabestari
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Silwal
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - N Simicevic
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - G R Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D T Spayde
- Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas 72032, USA
| | - A Subedi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - R Subedi
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - R Suleiman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - V Tadevosyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
| | - W A Tobias
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - V Tvaskis
- University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B2E9, Canada
| | - B Waidyawansa
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - P Wang
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada
| | - S P Wells
- Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
| | - S A Wood
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Yang
- William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA
| | - P Zang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - S Zhamkochyan
- A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia
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Friedl M, Cerveny K, Huang C, Dede D, Samani M, Hill MO, Morgan N, Kim W, Güniat L, Segura-Ruiz J, Lauhon LJ, Zumbühl DM, Fontcuberta I Morral A. Remote Doping of Scalable Nanowire Branches. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3577-3584. [PMID: 32315191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Selective-area epitaxy provides a path toward high crystal quality, scalable, complex nanowire networks. These high-quality networks could be used in topological quantum computing as well as in ultrafast photodetection schemes. Control of the carrier density and mean free path in these devices is key for all of these applications. Factors that affect the mean free path include scattering by surfaces, donors, defects, and impurities. Here, we demonstrate how to reduce donor scattering in InGaAs nanowire networks by adopting a remote-doping strategy. Low-temperature magnetotransport measurements indicate weak anti-localization-a signature of strong spin-orbit interaction-across a nanowire Y-junction. This work serves as a blueprint for achieving remotely doped, ultraclean, and scalable nanowire networks for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Friedl
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kris Cerveny
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chunyi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Didem Dede
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Samani
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Megan O Hill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Nicholas Morgan
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wonjong Kim
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Güniat
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zanu HK, Keerqin C, Kheravii SK, Morgan N, Wu SB, Bedford MR, Swick RA. Influence of meat and bone meal, phytase, and antibiotics on broiler chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis: 2. intestinal permeability, organ weights, hematology, intestinal morphology, and jejunal gene expression. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2581-2594. [PMID: 32359594 PMCID: PMC7597457 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Undigested proteins entering the hindgut may favor the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens. Using phytase to eliminate the need for meat and bone meal (MBM) as a P source may reduce potential infection with C. perfringens. A study was conducted to determine the impact of MBM, phytase, and antibiotics (AB) on intestinal permeability and morphology, organ weights, and jejunal gene expression in Ross 308 chickens challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE). Male Ross 308-day-old chicks (672 each) were randomly allocated to 8 treatments with 6 replicate pens each housing 14 birds. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used: MBM (no or yes); AB (no or yes-Zn bacitracin 100 in S and 50 ppm in G/F and salinomycin Na 60 ppm in all phases); phytase (500 or 1,500 FTU/kg, both using 500 FTU matrix values) using wheat-SBM-canola meal diets. Birds were challenged with Eimeria spp on day 9, and C. perfringens strain EHE-NE18 on day 14 and 15. An AB × MBM interaction (P < 0.05) was detected for relative gizzard weight (with contents) being lower in birds fed MBM and AB compared to those fed MBM and no AB. A MBM × AB interaction (P > 0.01) was detected for lymphocyte counts being lower with MBM and AB compared to MBM without AB. A phytase × AB interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for villi length being increased with high phytase and no AB compared to with AB. Inclusion of MBM increased (P < 0.05) blood FICT-d concentration, whereas AB decreased it (P < 0.05). Antibiotics increased RBC (P < 0.05), Hgb (P < 0.05), and PCV (P < 0.05) and expression of Ca-binding protein, CALB1 (P > 0.05). Inclusion of MBM decreased expression of MUC2 (P < 0.05). Results indicate that dietary MBM has a detrimental effect on gut health of broilers but this may be counteracted using AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Zanu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - C Keerqin
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - S K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - N Morgan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - S-B Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - R A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Keerqin C, Morgan N, Swick RA, Choct M, Wu SB. Two different Clostridium perfringens strains produce different levels of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6422-6432. [PMID: 31424518 PMCID: PMC8913766 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) is primarily caused by the gram-positive bacterium, Clostridium perfringens (Cp). The trend towards removal of in-feed antimicrobials and subsequent increased emergence of infection in poultry has resulted in a wide interest in better understanding of the mechanism behind this disease. The virulence of NE, to a large extent, depends on the virulence of Cp strains. Thus, this study was to assess how 2 different strains of Cp affect performance and gut characteristics of broiler chickens. Ross 308 male broilers (n = 468) were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with antibiotics (Salinomycin at 72 ppm and zinc bacitracin at 50 ppm -, or +) and challenge (non-challenge, Cp EHE-NE18, or Cp WER-NE36). Oral administration of Eimeria oocysts (day 9) followed by inoculation with 1 mL 108 CFU Cp strains (day 14 and 15) were used to induce NE. Broiler performance was analyzed at day 10, 24, and 35. On day 16, intestinal lesion score and intestinal pH were evaluated and samples of cecal content were analyzed for bacterial counts and short-chain fatty acid concentrations (SCFA). Birds in both challenged groups showed higher feed conversion ratio (FCR), lower weight gain (P < 0.001), increased lesion scores in the jejunum (P < 0.01), and reduced pH in the ileum and cecum (P < 0.01), compared to the non-challenged birds. They also showed decreased numbers of Bacillus spp. (P < 0.001), and Ruminococcus spp. (P < 0.01) in the cecal content. On day 35, the NE36 challenged birds had a lower weight gain (P < 0.001) and higher FCR (P < 0.001) compared to the NE18 challenged birds. Interestingly, cecal Lactobacillus and lactate were increased by the NE challenge (P < 0.001), and to a greater extent in birds challenged with NE36 compared to the NE18 strain (P < 0.001). This study suggests that Cp strains varying in virulence produce different levels of disease in broiler chickens through modulating the gut environment, intestinal microbiota, and SCFA profile to different extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gharib-Naseri
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - S K Kheravii
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - C Keerqin
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - N Morgan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - R A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - M Choct
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - S-B Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Raya AM, Friedl M, Martí-Sánchez S, Dubrovskii VG, Francaviglia L, Alén B, Morgan N, Tütüncüoglu G, Ramasse QM, Fuster D, Llorens JM, Arbiol J, Fontcuberta I Morral A. GaAs nanoscale membranes: prospects for seamless integration of III-Vs on silicon. Nanoscale 2020; 12:815-824. [PMID: 31830194 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08453c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growth of compound semiconductors on silicon has been widely sought after for decades, but reliable methods for defect-free combination of these materials have remained elusive. Recently, interconnected GaAs nanoscale membranes have been used as templates for the scalable integration of nanowire networks on III-V substrates. Here, we demonstrate how GaAs nanoscale membranes can be seamlessly integrated on silicon by controlling the density of nuclei in the initial stages of growth. We also correlate the absence or presence of defects with the existence of a single or multiple nucleation regime for the single membranes. Certain defects exhibit well-differentiated spectroscopic features that we identify with cathodoluminescence and micro-photoluminescence techniques. Overall, this work presents a new approach for the seamless integration of compound semiconductors on silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M Raya
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, Institute of Materials, Faculty of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Paratz E, Rowsell L, Ball J, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Stub D, Liew D, Smith K, La Gerche A. 259 The Economic Impact of Sudden Cardiac Arrest. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Paratz E, Rowsell L, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Case R, Smith K, Stub D, La Gerche A. 260 The First Australian Multi-Source Sudden Cardiac Death Registry: Methodology and Early Findings. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Hopkins S, La Gerche A, Stub D, Parsons S, Ball J, Thompson T, Morgan N, Zentner D, Pflaumer A, James P, Bernard S, Paratz E, Rowsell L, Smith K. 608 Incidence and Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Arrest In Younger Persons. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Aggarwal M, Fisher P, Kluxen F, Maas W, Morgan N, Parr-Dobrzanski R, Strupp C, Wiemann C. Assessing in vitro dermal absorption of dry residues of agrochemical sprays using human skin within OECD TG 428. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 106:55-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Jeffreys S, di Mare L, Liu X, Morgan N, Wong JSS. Elastohydrodynamic lubricant flow with nanoparticle tracking. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1441-1450. [PMID: 35517995 PMCID: PMC9059655 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lubricants operating in elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contacts exhibit local variations in rheological properties when the contact pressure rises.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jeffreys
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - L. di Mare
- Oxford Thermofluids Institute
- Department of Engineering Science
- St John's College
- University of Oxford
- UK
| | - X. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- UK
| | - N. Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- UK
- Shell Global Solutions UK Ltd
- Manchester M22 0RR
| | - J. S. S. Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- UK
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41
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Paratz E, Rowsell L, Zentner D, Parsons S, Morgan N, Thompson T, James P, Pflaumer A, Semsarian C, Smith K, Stub D, La Gerche A. Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death Registries: A Systematic Review of Global Coverage and Data capture Strategies. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Paratz E, Costello B, Rowsell L, Morgan N, Smith K, Thompson T, Semsarian C, Pflaumer A, James P, Stub D, La Gerche A, Zentner D, Parsons S. Coronary Artery Calcium Score in a Post-Mortem Population: Feasibility and Clinical Utility. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Abstract
The viscosity of liquids is a strong function of pressure. While viscosity is relatively easy to measure at low pressure, high-pressure rheology presents significant experimental challenges. As a result, rheological models are often used to extrapolate viscosity from low pressure measurements to higher pressures. Techniques to obtain data over a wide range of pressures and shear rates, as well as understanding the validity and limitations of methods to fill the gaps in the available data, are therefore of crucial practical and theoretical importance. This work examines the viscosity of polyalphaolefin (PAO) by combining average global area averaged measurements at high pressure and local molecular viscosity measurements at moderate pressures. Viscosities spanning five orders of magnitude are examined at pressures up to 720 MPa. High pressure results were obtained with friction measurements where the fluid is sheared between two surfaces in a loaded point contact. The local molecular microviscosity at medium and low pressures was measured by applying a technique based on fluorescence anisotropy, which probes the rotational motion of dye molecules in a nanoscale film under shear. Both sets of measurements are taken in the same configuration, an elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contact. This is the first set of quantitative local viscosity measurements that have been verified against both friction and high pressure rheometry measurements. Commonly used rheological models were compared to experimental results. Our work shows that fluorescence anisotropy and friction measurements can be used to determine the viscosity of liquids over a wide range of conditions from a single experimental setup. The results obtained match results from low- and high-pressure rheometry for PAO. The importance of correcting friction data for pressure non-uniformity, temperature and shear thinning is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dench
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - L di Mare
- St. John's College, Oxford Thermofluids Institute, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 0ES, UK
| | - N Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Shell Global Solutions (UK) Ltd, Shell Centre, York Road, London, SE1 7NA, UK
| | - J S S Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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44
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Wertz J, Caspi A, Belsky DW, Beckley AL, Arseneault L, Barnes JC, Corcoran DL, Hogan S, Houts RM, Morgan N, Odgers CL, Prinz JA, Sugden K, Williams BS, Poulton R, Moffitt TE. Genetics and Crime: Integrating New Genomic Discoveries Into Psychological Research About Antisocial Behavior. Psychol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29513605 PMCID: PMC5945301 DOI: 10.1177/0956797617744542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drawing on psychological and sociological theories of crime causation, we tested the
hypothesis that genetic risk for low educational attainment (assessed via a genome-wide
polygenic score) is associated with criminal offending. We further tested hypotheses of
how polygenic risk relates to the development of antisocial behavior from childhood
through adulthood. Across the Dunedin and Environmental Risk (E-Risk) birth cohorts of
individuals growing up 20 years and 20,000 kilometers apart, education polygenic scores
predicted risk of a criminal record with modest effects. Polygenic risk manifested during
primary schooling in lower cognitive abilities, lower self-control, academic difficulties,
and truancy, and it was associated with a life-course-persistent pattern of antisocial
behavior that onsets in childhood and persists into adulthood. Crime is central in the
nature-nurture debate, and findings reported here demonstrate how molecular-genetic
discoveries can be incorporated into established theories of antisocial behavior. They
also suggest that improving school experiences might prevent genetic influences on crime
from unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wertz
- 1 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University
| | - A Caspi
- 1 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University.,2 Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine.,3 Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University.,4 Social, Genetic, & Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - D W Belsky
- 5 Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine.,6 Social Science Research Institute, Duke University
| | - A L Beckley
- 1 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University.,7 Demography Unit, Department of Sociology, Stockholm University
| | - L Arseneault
- 4 Social, Genetic, & Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - J C Barnes
- 8 School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati
| | - D L Corcoran
- 3 Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University
| | - S Hogan
- 9 Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago
| | - R M Houts
- 1 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University
| | - N Morgan
- 10 Home Office, London, United Kingdom
| | - C L Odgers
- 11 Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University
| | - J A Prinz
- 3 Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University
| | - K Sugden
- 1 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University
| | - B S Williams
- 1 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University
| | - R Poulton
- 9 Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago
| | - T E Moffitt
- 1 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University.,2 Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine.,3 Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University.,4 Social, Genetic, & Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London
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45
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Connolly M, Kinnin M, McEneaney D, Menown I, Kurth M, Lamont J, Morgan N, Harbinson M. Prediction of contrast induced acute kidney injury using novel biomarkers following contrast coronary angiography. QJM 2018; 111:103-110. [PMID: 29069419 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Contrast angiography in CKD patients is a common procedure. Creatinine is a delayed marker of CI-AKI and delays diagnosis which results in significant morbidity and mortality. AIM Early diagnosis of CI-AKI requires validated novel biomarkers. DESIGN A prospective observation study of 301 consecutive CKD patients undergoing coronary angiography was performed. METHODS Samples for plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), serum liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), serum kidney injury marker 1, serum interleukin 18 and serum creatinine were taken at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 48 h post-contrast. Urinary NGAL and urinary cystatin C were collected at 0, 6 and 48 h. Incidence of major adverse clinical events (MACE) was recorded at 1 year. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute delta rise in creatinine of ≥26.5 µmol/l or a 50% relative rise from baseline at 48 h following contrast. RESULTS CI-AKI occurred in 28 (9.3%) patients. Plasma NGAL was most predictive of CI-AKI at 6 h. L-FABP performed best at 4 h. A combination of Mehran score > 10, 4 h L-FABP and 6 h NGAL improved specificity to 96.7%. MACE was statistically higher at 1 year in CI-AKI patients (25.0 vs. 6.2% in non-CI-AKI patients). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Mehran risk score, 4 h serum L-FAPB and 6 h plasma NGAL performed best at early CI-AKI prediction. CI-AKI patients were four times more likely to develop MACE and had a trebling of mortality risk at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Connolly
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Craigavon Cardiac Centre, Southern Trust BT63 5QQ, UK
| | - M Kinnin
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Craigavon Cardiac Centre, Southern Trust BT63 5QQ, UK
| | - D McEneaney
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Craigavon Cardiac Centre, Southern Trust BT63 5QQ, UK
| | - I Menown
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Craigavon Cardiac Centre, Southern Trust BT63 5QQ, UK
| | - M Kurth
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin BT29 4QY, UK
| | - J Lamont
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin BT29 4QY, UK
| | - N Morgan
- Department of Nephrology, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry BT35 8DR, UK
| | - M Harbinson
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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Androic D, Armstrong D, Asaturyan A, Averett T, Balewski J, Bartlett K, Beaufait J, Beminiwattha R, Benesch J, Benmokhtar F, Birchall J, Carlini R, Cates G, Cornejo J, Covrig S, Dalton M, Davis C, Deconinck W, Diefenbach J, Dowd J, Dunne J, Dutta D, Duvall W, Elaasar M, Falk W, Finn J, Forest T, Gal C, Gaskell D, Gericke M, Grames J, Gray V, Grimm K, Guo F, Hoskins J, Johnston K, Jones D, Jones M, Jones R, Kargiantoulakis M, King P, Korkmaz E, Kowalski S, Leacock J, Leckey J, Lee A, Lee J, Lee L, MacEwan S, Mack D, Magee J, Mahurin R, Mammei J, Martin J, McHugh M, Meekins D, Mei J, Michaels R, Micherdzinska A, Mkrtchyan A, Mkrtchyan H, Morgan N, Myers K, Narayan A, Ndukum L, Nelyubin V, Nuhait H, Nuruzzaman, van Oers W, Opper A, Page S, Pan J, Paschke K, Phillips S, Pitt M, Poelker M, Rajotte J, Ramsay W, Roche J, Sawatzky B, Seva T, Shabestari M, Silwal R, Simicevic N, Smith G, Solvignon P, Spayde D, Subedi A, Subedi R, Suleiman R, Tadevosyan V, Tobias W, Tvaskis V, Waidyawansa B, Wang P, Wells S, Wood S, Yang S, Young R, Zang P, Zhamkochyan S. Qweak: First Direct Measurement of the Proton’s Weak Charge. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201713708005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dench J, Morgan N, Wong JSS. Quantitative Viscosity Mapping Using Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements. Tribol Lett 2016; 65:25. [PMID: 32355438 PMCID: PMC7175709 DOI: 10.1007/s11249-016-0807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lubricant viscosity is a key driver in both the tribological performance and energy efficiency of a lubricated contact. Elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication produces very high pressures and shear rates, conditions hard to replicate using conventional rheometry. In situ rheological measurements within a typical contact are therefore important to investigate how a fluid behaves under such conditions. Molecular rotors provide such an opportunity to extract the local viscosity of a fluid under EHD lubrication. The validity of such an application is shown by comparing local viscosity measurements obtained using molecular rotors and fluorescence lifetime measurements, in a model EHD lubricant, with reference measurements using conventional rheometry techniques. The appropriateness of standard methods used in tribology for high-pressure rheometry (combining friction and film thickness measurements) has been verified when the flow of EHD lubricant is homogeneous and linear. A simple procedure for calibrating the fluorescence lifetime of molecular rotors at elevated pressure for viscosity measurements is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Dench
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - N. Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
- Shell Global Solutions (UK) Ltd, Brabazon House, Threapwood Road, Manchester, M22 0RR UK
| | - J. S. S. Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
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Moses R, Parkes A, Morgan N. Continuous high frequency oscillation: a single case study to investigate the effectiveness of new technology in an oscillatory device. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Moses R, Morgan N, Mcdonald T, Jennifer W, Bonney H, Shakespeare D, Vyas A. A severe case of Bickerstaff's Encephalitis: the importance of specialist neuro-respiratory rehabilitation to optimise recovery and outcome. Physiotherapy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.10.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aggarwal M, Maas W, Fisher P, Morgan N, Parr Dobrzanski R, Soufi M, Strupp C, Wiemann C. A novel methodology to test dry dislodgeable foliar residue of agrochemical spray with in OECD 428 test guideline. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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