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Achleitner L, Winter M, Aguilar PP, Lingg N, Jungbauer A, Klausberger M, Satzer P. Robust and resource-efficient production process suitable for large-scale production of baculovirus through high cell density seed train and optimized infection strategy. N Biotechnol 2024; 80:46-55. [PMID: 38302001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the development of a scalable production process for high titer (108 pfu/mL and above) recombinant baculovirus stocks with low cell line-derived impurities for the production of virus-like particles (VLP). To achieve this, we developed a high cell density (HCD) culture for low footprint cell proliferation, compared different infection strategies at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.05 and 0.005, different infection strategies and validated generally applicable harvest criteria of cell viability ≤ 80%. We also investigated online measurable parameters to observe the baculovirus production. The infection strategy employing a very low virus inoculum of MOI 0.005 and a 1:2 dilution with fresh medium one day after infection proved to be the most resource efficient. There, we achieved higher cell-specific titers and lower host cell protein concentrations at harvest than other tested infection strategies with the same MOI, while saving half of the virus stock for infecting the culture compared to other tested infection strategies. HCD culture by daily medium exchange was confirmed as suitable for seed train propagation, infection, and baculovirus production, equally efficient as the conventionally propagated seed train. Online measurable parameters for cell concentration and average cell diameter were found to be effective in monitoring the production process. The study concluded that a more efficient VLP production process in large scale can be achieved using this virus stock production strategy, which could also be extended to produce other proteins or extracellular vesicles with the baculovirus expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Achleitner
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Winter
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Pereira Aguilar
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Klausberger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Satzer
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Ewonde Ewonde R, Böttinger K, De Vos J, Lingg N, Jungbauer A, Pohl CA, Huber CG, Desmet G, Eeltink S. Selectivity and Resolving Power of Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Targeting the Separation of Monoclonal Antibody Variants. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1121-1128. [PMID: 38190620 PMCID: PMC10809212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the mechanistic understanding of retention and selectivity in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. It provides valuable insights into crucial method-development parameters involved in achieving chromatographic resolution for profiling molecular variants of trastuzumab. Retention characteristics have been assessed for three column chemistries, i.e., butyl, alkylamide, and long-stranded multialkylamide ligands, while distinguishing column hydrophobicity and surface area. Salt type and specifically chloride ions proved to be the key driver for improving chromatographic selectivity, and this was attributed to the spatial distribution of ions at the protein surface, which is ion-specific. The effect was notably more pronounced on the multialkylamide column, as proteins intercalated between the multiamide polymer strands, enabling steric effects. Column coupling proved to be an effective approach for maximizing resolution between molecular variants present in the trastuzumab reference sample and trastuzumab variants induced by forced oxidation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS peptide mapping experiments after fraction collection indicate that the presence of chloride in the mobile phase enables the selectivity of site-specific deamidation (N30) situated at the heavy chain. Moreover, site-specific oxidation of peptides (M255, W420, and M431) was observed for peptides situated at the Fc region close to the CH2-CH3 interface, previously reported to activate unfolding of trastuzumab, increasing the accessible surface area and hence resulting in an increase in chromatographic retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ewonde Ewonde
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katharina Böttinger
- Department
of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess
Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life
Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess
Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life
Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christian G. Huber
- Department
of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Bioanalytical Research Laboratories, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gert Desmet
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Eeltink
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Mozgovicz M, Fischer A, Brocard C, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. L-Arginine sulfate reduces irreversible protein binding in immobilized metal affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464246. [PMID: 37541058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) is a powerful technique for capture and purification of relevant biopharmaceuticals in complex biological matrices. However, protein recovery can be drastically compromised due to surface induced spreading and unfolding of the analyte, leading to fouling of the stationary phase. Here, we report on the kinetics of irreversible adsorption of a protease on an IMAC resin in a time span ranging from minutes to several hours. This trend correlated with the thermal data measured by nano differential scanning calorimetry, and showed a time-dependent change in protein unfolding temperature. Our results highlight that 'soft' proteins show a strong time dependent increase in irreversible adsorption. Furthermore, commonly used co-solvents for preservation of the native protein conformation are tested for their ability to reduce fouling. Thermal data suggests that the amino acid l-arginine is beneficial in preventing unfolding, which was confirmed in batch adsorption experiments. The choice of counter-ions has to be considered when using this amino acid. These results show that l-arginine sulfate decelerates the irreversible adsorption kinetics of proteins on the IMAC stationary phase to a greater extent than l-arginine chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mozgovicz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Biopharma Process Science Austria, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Spanov B, Olaleye O, Mesurado T, Govorukhina N, Jungbauer A, van de Merbel NC, Lingg N, Bischoff R. Pertuzumab Charge Variant Analysis and Complementarity-Determining Region Stability Assessment to Deamidation. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3951-3958. [PMID: 36795375 PMCID: PMC9979147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Pertuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer in combination with trastuzumab. Charge variants of trastuzumab have been extensively described in the literature; however, little is known about the charge heterogeneity of pertuzumab. Here, changes in the ion-exchange profile of pertuzumab were evaluated by pH gradient cation-exchange chromatography after stressing it for up to 3 weeks at physiological and elevated pH and 37 °C. Isolated charge variants arising under stress conditions were characterized by peptide mapping. The results of peptide mapping showed that deamidation in the Fc domain and N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in the heavy chain are the main contributors to charge heterogeneity. The heavy chain CDR2, which is the only CDR containing asparagine residues, was quite resistant to deamidation under stress conditions according to peptide mapping results. Using surface plasmon resonance, it was shown that the affinity of pertuzumab for the HER2 target receptor does not change under stress conditions. Peptide mapping analysis of clinical samples showed an average of 2-3% deamidation in the heavy chain CDR2, 20-25% deamidation in the Fc domain, and 10-15% N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in the heavy chain. These findings suggest that in vitro stress studies are able to predict in vivo modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baubek Spanov
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oladapo Olaleye
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tomés Mesurado
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,
Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,
Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Nico C. van de Merbel
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,Bioanalytical
Laboratory, ICON, Amerikaweg 18, 9407 TK Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department
of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences,
Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,
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Jakob LA, Mesurado T, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. Increase in cysteine-mediated multimerization under attractive protein-protein interactions. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:891-905. [PMID: 36576211 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2158471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CASPON enzyme became an interesting enzyme for fusion protein processing because it generates an authentic N-terminus. However, the high cysteine content of the CASPON enzyme may induce aggregation via disulfide-bond formation, which can reduce enzymatic activity and be considered a critical quality attribute. Different multimerization states of the CASPON enzyme were isolated by preparative size exclusion chromatography and analyzed with respect to multimerization propensity and enzymatic activity. The impact of co-solutes on multimerization was studied in solution and in adsorbed state. Furthermore, protein-protein interactions in the presence of different co-solutes were measured by self-interaction chromatography and were then correlated to the multimerization propensity. The dimer was the most stable and active species with 50% higher enzymatic activity than the tetramer. Multimerization was mainly governed by a cysteine-mediated pathway, as indicated by DTT-induced reduction of most caspase multimers. In the presence of ammonium sulfate, attractive protein-protein interactions were consistent with those observed for higher multimerization when the cysteine-mediated pathway was followed. Multimerization was also observed under attractive conditions on a chromatographic stationary phase. These findings corroborate common rules to perform protein purification with low residence time to avoid disulfide bond formation and conformational change of the protein upon adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A Jakob
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomás Mesurado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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Ferreira-Faria D, Lali N, Lingg N, Tombak E, Virumäe K, Jungbauer A. Recovery and characterization of secretory immunoglobulin A from CHO cell culture supernatant. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ferreira-Faria
- Instituto Superior Técnico IBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Av. Rovisco Pais 1 1049-001 Lisbon Portugal
| | - N. Lali
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Wien Austria
| | - N. Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Wien Austria
| | | | | | - A. Jungbauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Wien Austria
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7
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Cserjan-Puschmann M, Köppl C, Lingg N, Schneider R, Jungbauer A, Striedner G. CASPON technology – A platform process for non‐platform proteins using
Escherichia coli. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Cserjan-Puschmann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 8 8020 Graz Austria
| | - C. Köppl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 8 8020 Graz Austria
| | - N. Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 8 8020 Graz Austria
| | - R. Schneider
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 8 8020 Graz Austria
- University Innsbruck Innrain 52 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - A. Jungbauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 8 8020 Graz Austria
| | - G. Striedner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 8 8020 Graz Austria
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Eslami
- evon GmbH Wollsdorf 8181 St. Ruprecht an der Raab Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - A. Jungbauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna Austria
| | - N. Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna Austria
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9
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Eslami T, Lingg N, Jungbauer A. Soft sensors to control aging of chromatography columns. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Eslami
- Evon GmbH Wollsdorf 8181 St. Ruprecht Austria
| | - N. Lingg
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - A. Jungbauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Vienna Austria
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10
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Köppl C, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Lingg N, Striedner G. Bacteriophage‐derived expression enhancing tag yields powerful platform process for recombinant fusion proteins. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Köppl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - M. Cserjan-Puschmann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - N. Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - G. Striedner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Biotechnology Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria
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Eslami T, Steinberger M, Csizmazia C, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. Online optimization of dynamic binding capacity and productivity by model predictive control. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463420. [PMID: 36007474 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In preparative and industrial chromatography, the current viewpoint is that the dynamic binding capacity governs the process economy, and increased dynamic binding capacity and column utilization are achieved at the expense of productivity. The dynamic binding capacity in chromatography increases with residence time until it reaches a plateau, whereas productivity has an optimum. Therefore, the loading step of a chromatographic process is a balancing act between productivity, column utilization, and buffer consumption. This work presents an online optimization approach for capture chromatography that employs a residence time gradient during the loading step to improve the traditional trade-off between productivity and resin utilization. The approach uses the extended Kalman filter as a soft sensor for product concentration in the system and a model predictive controller to accomplish online optimization using the pore diffusion model as a simple mechanistic model. When a soft sensor for the product is placed before and after the column, the model predictive controller can forecast the optimal condition to maximize productivity and resin utilization. The controller can also account for varying feed concentrations. This study examined the robustness as the feed concentration varied within a range of 50%. The online optimization was demonstrated with two model systems: purification of a monoclonal antibody by protein A affinity and lysozyme by cation-exchange chromatography. Using the presented optimization strategy with a controller saves up to 43% of the buffer and increases the productivity together with resin utilization in a similar range as a multi-column continuous counter-current loading process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Eslami
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria; Evon GmbH, Wollsdorf 154, A-8181St., Ruprecht an der Raab, Austria
| | - Martin Steinberger
- Institute of Automation and Control, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 21b, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Christian Csizmazia
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
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12
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Eslami T, Jakob LA, Satzer P, Ebner G, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. Productivity for free: Residence time gradients during loading increase dynamic binding capacity and productivity. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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De Vos J, Pereira Aguilar P, Köppl C, Fischer A, Grünwald-Gruber C, Dürkop M, Klausberger M, Mairhofer J, Striedner G, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. Production of full-length SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein from Escherichia coli optimized by native hydrophobic interaction chromatography hyphenated to multi-angle light scattering detection. Talanta 2021; 235:122691. [PMID: 34517577 PMCID: PMC8284068 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nucleocapsid protein (NP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for several steps of the viral life cycle, and is abundantly expressed during infection, making it an ideal diagnostic target protein. This protein has a strong tendency for dimerization and interaction with nucleic acids. For the first time, high titers of NP were expressed in E. coli with a CASPON tag, using a growth-decoupled protein expression system. Purification was accomplished by nuclease treatment of the cell homogenate and a sequence of downstream processing (DSP) steps. An analytical method consisting of native hydrophobic interaction chromatography hyphenated to multi-angle light scattering detection (HIC-MALS) was established for in-process control, in particular, to monitor product fragmentation and multimerization throughout the purification process. 730 mg purified NP per liter of fermentation could be produced by the optimized process, corresponding to a yield of 77% after cell lysis. The HIC-MALS method was used to demonstrate that the NP product can be produced with a purity of 95%. The molecular mass of the main NP fraction is consistent with dimerized protein as was verified by a complementary native size-exclusion separation (SEC)-MALS analysis. Peptide mapping mass spectrometry and host cell specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the high product purity, and the presence of a minor endogenous chaperone explained the residual impurities. The optimized HIC-MALS method enables monitoring of the product purity, and simultaneously access its molecular mass, providing orthogonal information complementary to established SEC-MALS methods. Enhanced resolving power can be achieved over SEC, attributed to the extended variables to tune selectivity in HIC mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle De Vos
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Pereira Aguilar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Köppl
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Fischer
- acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- BOKU Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Dürkop
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; Novasign GmbH, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Klausberger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Striedner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 1190, Vienna, Austria; enGenes Biotech GmbH, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; acib - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Spanov B, Olaleye O, Lingg N, Bentlage AEH, Govorukhina N, Hermans J, van de Merbel N, Vidarsson G, Jungbauer A, Bischoff R. Change of charge variant composition of trastuzumab upon stressing at physiological conditions. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462506. [PMID: 34492576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cation-exchange chromatography is a widely used approach to study charge heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies. Heterogeneity may arise both in vitro and in vivo because of the susceptibility of monoclonal antibodies to undergo chemical modifications. Modifications may adversely affect the potency of the drug, induce immunogenicity or affect pharmacokinetics. In this study, we evaluated the application of optimized pH gradient systems for the separation of charge variants of trastuzumab after forced degradation study. pH gradient-based elution resulted in high-resolution separation of some 20 charge variants after 3 weeks at 37°C under physiological conditions. The charge variants were further characterized by LC-MS-based peptide mapping. There was no significant difference in the binding properties to HER2 or a range of Fcγ receptors between non-stressed and stressed trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baubek Spanov
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oladapo Olaleye
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Hermans
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico van de Merbel
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Bioanalytical Laboratory, PRA Health Sciences, Early Development Services, Westerbrink 3, 9405 BJ Assen, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Kröß C, Engele P, Sprenger B, Fischer A, Lingg N, Baier M, Öhlknecht C, Lier B, Oostenbrink C, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Striedner G, Jungbauer A, Schneider R. PROFICS: A bacterial selection system for directed evolution of proteases. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101095. [PMID: 34418435 PMCID: PMC8446807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases serve as important tools in biotechnology and as valuable drugs or drug targets. Efficient protein engineering methods to study and modulate protease properties are thus of great interest for a plethora of applications. We established PROFICS (PRotease Optimization via Fusion-Inhibited Carbamoyltransferase-based Selection), a bacterial selection system, which enables the optimization of proteases for biotechnology, therapeutics or diagnosis in a simple overnight process. During the PROFICS process, proteases are selected for their ability to specifically cut a tag from a reporter enzyme and leave a native N-terminus. Precise and efficient cleavage after the recognition sequence reverses the phenotype of an Escherichia coli knockout strain deficient in an essential enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis. A toolbox was generated to select for proteases with different preferences for P1' residues (the residue immediately following the cleavage site). The functionality of PROFICS is demonstrated with viral proteases and human caspase-2. PROFICS improved caspase-2 activity up to 25-fold after only one round of mutation and selection. Additionally, we found a significantly improved tolerance for all P1' residues caused by a mutation in a substrate interaction site. We showed that this improved activity enables cells containing the new variant to outgrow cells containing all other mutants, facilitating its straightforward selection. Apart from optimizing enzymatic activity and P1' tolerance, PROFICS can be used to reprogram specificities, erase off-target activity, optimize expression via tags/codon usage, or even to screen for potential drug-resistance-conferring mutations in therapeutic targets such as viral proteases in an unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kröß
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Engele
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Sprenger
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Fischer
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Baier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Öhlknecht
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Lier
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Schneider
- acib GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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16
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Jakob LA, Beyer B, Janeiro Ferreira C, Lingg N, Jungbauer A, Tscheließnig R. Protein-protein interactions and reduced excluded volume increase dynamic binding capacity of dual salt systems in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462231. [PMID: 34038776 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Deploying two salts in hydrophobic interaction chromatography can significantly increase dynamic binding capacities. Nevertheless, the mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. Here, we investigate whether surface tension or ionic strength govern dynamic binding capacities of the chromatographic resin Toyopearl Butyl-650 M in dual salt systems. Small-angle X-ray scattering was employed to analyze the model proteins and the protein-resin adduct in the respective dual salt systems. The dual salt systems incorporate sodium citrate and a secondary sodium salt (acetate, sulfate, or phosphate). As model proteins, we used lysozyme, GFP, and a monoclonal antibody (adalimumab). Moreover, for the protein-resin adduct, we determined the model parameters of a self-avoiding random walk model fitted into the pair density distribution function of the SAXS data. Ionic strength is more predictive for dynamic binding capacities in HIC dual salt systems than surface tension. However, dynamic binding capacities still differ by up to 30 % between the investigated dual salt systems. The proteins exhibit extensive protein-protein interactions in the studied dual salt HIC buffers. We found a correlation of protein-protein interactions with the well-known Hofmeister series. For systems with elevated protein-protein interactions, adsorption isotherms deviate from Langmuirian behavior. This highlights the importance of lateral protein-protein interactions in protein adsorption, where monomolecular protein layers are usually assumed. SAXS analysis of the protein-resin adduct indicates an inverse correlation of the binding capacity and the excluded volume parameter. This is indicative of the deposition of proteins in the cavities of the stationary phase. We hypothesize that increasing protein-protein interactions allow the formation of attractive clusters and multilayers in the cavities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A Jakob
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria
| | - Beate Beyer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | | | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Rupert Tscheließnig
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Austria
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17
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Klausberger M, Duerkop M, Haslacher H, Wozniak-Knopp G, Cserjan-Puschmann M, Perkmann T, Lingg N, Aguilar PP, Laurent E, De Vos J, Hofner M, Holzer B, Stadler M, Manhart G, Vierlinger K, Egger M, Milchram L, Gludovacz E, Marx N, Köppl C, Tauer C, Beck J, Maresch D, Grünwald-Gruber C, Strobl F, Satzer P, Stadlmayr G, Vavra U, Huber J, Wahrmann M, Eskandary F, Breyer MK, Sieghart D, Quehenberger P, Leitner G, Strassl R, Egger AE, Irsara C, Griesmacher A, Hoermann G, Weiss G, Bellmann-Weiler R, Loeffler-Ragg J, Borth N, Strasser R, Jungbauer A, Hahn R, Mairhofer J, Hartmann B, Binder NB, Striedner G, Mach L, Weinhäusel A, Dieplinger B, Grebien F, Gerner W, Binder CJ, Grabherr R. A comprehensive antigen production and characterisation study for easy-to-implement, specific and quantitative SARS-CoV-2 serotests. EBioMedicine 2021; 67:103348. [PMID: 33906067 PMCID: PMC8099623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody tests are essential tools to investigate humoral immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. While first-generation antibody tests have primarily provided qualitative results, accurate seroprevalence studies and tracking of antibody levels over time require highly specific, sensitive and quantitative test setups. METHODS We have developed two quantitative, easy-to-implement SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, based on the spike receptor binding domain and the nucleocapsid protein. Comprehensive evaluation of antigens from several biotechnological platforms enabled the identification of superior antigen designs for reliable serodiagnostic. Cut-off modelling based on unprecedented large and heterogeneous multicentric validation cohorts allowed us to define optimal thresholds for the tests' broad applications in different aspects of clinical use, such as seroprevalence studies and convalescent plasma donor qualification. FINDINGS Both developed serotests individually performed similarly-well as fully-automated CE-marked test systems. Our described sensitivity-improved orthogonal test approach assures highest specificity (99.8%); thereby enabling robust serodiagnosis in low-prevalence settings with simple test formats. The inclusion of a calibrator permits accurate quantitative monitoring of antibody concentrations in samples collected at different time points during the acute and convalescent phase of COVID-19 and disclosed antibody level thresholds that correlate well with robust neutralization of authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that antigen source and purity strongly impact serotest performance. Comprehensive biotechnology-assisted selection of antigens and in-depth characterisation of the assays allowed us to overcome limitations of simple ELISA-based antibody test formats based on chromometric reporters, to yield comparable assay performance as fully-automated platforms. FUNDING WWTF, Project No. COV20-016; BOKU, LBI/LBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Klausberger
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Duerkop
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Novasign GmbH Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gordana Wozniak-Knopp
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for innovative Immunotherapeutics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Patricia Pereira Aguilar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Laurent
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; BOKU Core Facility Biomolecular & Cellular Analysis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU),Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelle De Vos
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuela Hofner
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Holzer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Manhart
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Egger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Lisa Milchram
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gludovacz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Marx
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Köppl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Tauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- BOKU Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- BOKU Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peter Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for innovative Immunotherapeutics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Vavra
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Huber
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wahrmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Farsad Eskandary
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Kathrin Breyer
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Sieghart
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Quehenberger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Leitner
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Strassl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander E Egger
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Irsara
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria; MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Loeffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Boris Hartmann
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Nikolaus B Binder
- Technoclone Herstellung von Diagnostika und Arzneimitteln GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Novasign GmbH Vienna, Austria; ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria; enGenes Biotech GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Mach
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for an Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Present address: The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Cserjan-Puschmann M, Lingg N, Engele P, Kröß C, Loibl J, Fischer A, Bacher F, Frank AC, Öhlknecht C, Brocard C, Oostenbrink C, Berkemeyer M, Schneider R, Striedner G, Jungbauer A. Production of Circularly Permuted Caspase-2 for Affinity Fusion-Tag Removal: Cloning, Expression in Escherichia coli, Purification, and Characterization. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1592. [PMID: 33255244 PMCID: PMC7760212 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is the most specific protease of all caspases and therefore highly suitable as tag removal enzyme creating an authentic N-terminus of overexpressed tagged proteins of interest. The wild type human caspase-2 is a dimer of heterodimers generated by autocatalytic processing which is required for its enzymatic activity. We designed a circularly permuted caspase-2 (cpCasp2) to overcome the drawback of complex recombinant expression, purification and activation, cpCasp2 was constitutively active and expressed as a single chain protein. A 22 amino acid solubility tag and an optimized fermentation strategy realized with a model-based control algorithm further improved expression in Escherichia coli and 5.3 g/L of cpCasp2 in soluble form were obtained. The generated protease cleaved peptide and protein substrates, regardless of N-terminal amino acid with high activity and specificity. Edman degradation confirmed the correct N-terminal amino acid after tag removal, using Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 as model substrate. Moreover, the generated enzyme is highly stable at -20 °C for one year and can undergo 25 freeze/thaw cycles without loss of enzyme activity. The generated cpCasp2 possesses all biophysical and biochemical properties required for efficient and economic tag removal and is ready for a platform fusion protein process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cserjan-Puschmann
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Engele
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Kröß
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Loibl
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Andreas Fischer
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Florian Bacher
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna-Carina Frank
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Öhlknecht
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Biopharma Process Science Austria, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Berkemeyer
- Biopharma Process Science Austria, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Rainer Schneider
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.C.-P.); (P.E.); (C.K.); (J.L.); (A.F.); (F.B.); (A.-C.F.); (C.Ö.); (C.O.); (R.S.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Lingg N, Öhlknecht C, Fischer A, Mozgovicz M, Scharl T, Oostenbrink C, Jungbauer A. Proteomics analysis of host cell proteins after immobilized metal affinity chromatography: Influence of ligand and metal ions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1633:461649. [PMID: 33166743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Different degrees of protein purity have been observed in immobilized metal affinity chromatography ranging from extremely high purity to moderate and low purity. It has been hypothesized that the host cell protein composition and the metal ligands are factors governing the purity of a protein obtained after immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Ni nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) has become the first choice for facile His-tagged protein purification, but alternative ligands such as iminodiacetic acid (IDA) with other immobilized metal ions such as Zn, Cu and Co are valuable options when the expected purity or binding capacity is not reached. Especially Cu and Zn are very attractive, due to their reduced environmental and safety concerns compared to Ni. Co and Zn are more selective than Ni and Cu. This increased selectivity comes at the cost of weaker binding. In this work, the influence of ligand choice on protein purity after IMAC was evaluated by several methods, including peptide mapping. His-tagged GFP was used as model protein. We found that host cell protein (HCP) content varies drastically between ligands, as IDA eluates generally showing higher HCP concentrations than NTA. The relative content of the key amino acids His, Cys and Trp in the sequence of the co-eluted protein does not suffice to explain co-eluting propensity. The co-elution of HCPs is mostly influenced by metal binding clusters on the protein surface and not by total content or surface concentration of metal interacting amino acids. Prediction of co-elution is not dependent on these clusters alone, due to protein-protein interactions, indicted by a relative low metal binding cluster score but high co-elution propensity and in a lot of cases these proteins are often part of complex such as ribosome and chaperones. The different co-eluting proteins were presented by a heatmap with a dendrogram. Ward's linkage method was used to calculate the distance between groups of co-eluting proteins. Clustering of co-eluting HCPs was observed according to ligand and by metal ions, with Zn and Co forming one cluster and Ni and Cu another. The co-elution of host cell proteins can be explained by clusters of metal interacting amino acids on the protein surface and by protein-protein interactions. While Ni NTA still appears to be highly advantageous, it might not be the cure-all for all applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Öhlknecht
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mozgovicz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scharl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Statistics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Komuczki D, Lingg N, Jungbauer A, Satzer P. In-situ gradient formation by direct solid addition of buffer components. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461663. [PMID: 33181354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Buffer preparation and storage requires a significant facility footprint in large scale bioprocessing and together with the costs of supply chain management can have a substantial economic impact. In-line buffer mixing in chromatography is commonly performed by blending different buffer solutions using at least two pumps and a static or dynamic mixer. We developed a device for an in-line gradient delivery of buffering agents directly from solids to be applied for chromatographic separation processes. A solid feeding device with a screw conveyor and a hold tank for the solids was designed and a miniaturized system was 3D printed. The coefficient of variation for the precision of the solid feeding of 5 different buffering agents was below 5% even for very small solid flow rates necessary for lab-scale chromatography. Stability was demonstrated by a constant linear solid feed at a very low dosing rate of 0.05 g.min-1 over 24 hours. We demonstrated the suitability for chromatography by directly connecting the system to a standard chromatography workstation for protein chromatography. The solids were fed into a miniaturized continuously stirred tank reactor connected to an ÄKTA purification system. The performance of the in-line gradient delivery of buffering agents directly from solids was compared to conventional in-line buffer mixing. We were able to achieve highly linear gradients for elution using only one pump of a chromatographic system, generating the gradient by the direct addition of solids avoiding the necessity of additional pumps and hold tanks. By direct conditioning of buffers and the addition of solids a simple, just in time, at site preparation of buffers was possible. The design of the feeding unit for solid addition for buffer preparation is easily scalable and adaptable to work with or as a replacement for already existing in-line dilution or conditioning units.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Komuczki
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria
| | - A Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria.
| | - P Satzer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria
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21
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Öhlknecht C, Petrov D, Engele P, Kröß C, Sprenger B, Fischer A, Lingg N, Schneider R, Oostenbrink C. Enhancing the promiscuity of a member of the Caspase protease family by rational design. Proteins 2020; 88:1303-1318. [PMID: 32432825 PMCID: PMC7497161 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal cleavage of fusion tags to restore the native N-terminus of recombinant proteins is a challenging task and up to today, protocols need to be optimized for different proteins individually. Within this work, we present a novel protease that was designed in-silico to yield enhanced promiscuity toward different N-terminal amino acids. Two mutations in the active-site amino acids of human Caspase-2 were determined to increase the recognition of branched amino-acids, which show only poor binding capabilities in the unmutated protease. These mutations were determined by sequential and structural comparisons of Caspase-2 and Caspase-3 and their effect was additionally predicted using free-energy calculations. The two mutants proposed in the in-silico studies were expressed and in-vitro experiments confirmed the simulation results. Both mutants showed not only enhanced activities toward branched amino acids, but also smaller, unbranched amino acids. We believe that the created mutants constitute an important step toward generalized procedures to restore original N-termini of recombinant fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Öhlknecht
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Drazen Petrov
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Petra Engele
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Christina Kröß
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard Sprenger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | | | - Nico Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center of Molecular Biosciences InnsbruckUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and SimulationUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
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22
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Pereira Bresolin IRA, Lingg N, Bresolin ITL, Jungbauer A. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography as polishing step enables obtaining ultra-pure recombinant antibodies. J Biotechnol 2020; 324S:100020. [PMID: 34154739 DOI: 10.1016/j.btecx.2020.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic interaction chromatography is a versatile method to polish antibodies. Here, we present a polishing procedure in order to obtain an ultra-pure preparation of antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha IgG1. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) was used with Toyopearl® Phenyl 650M adsorbent in the presence of ammonium sulfate. Adsorption isotherms, breakthrough curves and chromatographic runs were carried out. The eluted antibody was recovered with 99.9 % purity and 96.2 % yield. In the main peak, aggregates, host cell proteins (HCP) and DNA content were below the limit of detection of the analytical methods used. Thus, the method proposed here shows potential to be employed in a downstream process when an ultra-pure antibody preparation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Rocha Antunes Pereira Bresolin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Tadeu Lazzarotto Bresolin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil; Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Institute of Bioprocess Science and Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Wallner J, Sissolak B, Sommeregger W, Lingg N, Striedner G, Vorauer-Uhl K. Lectin bio-layer interferometry for assessing product quality of Fc- glycosylated immunoglobulin G. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2864. [PMID: 31180180 PMCID: PMC6852021 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation, as the most prominent posttranslational modification, is recognized as an important quality attribute of monoclonal antibodies affected by various bioprocess parameters and cellular physiology. A method of lectin‐based bio‐layer interferometry (LBLI) to relatively rank galactosylation and fucosylation levels was developed. For this purpose, Fc‐glycosylated immunoglobulin G (IgG) was recombinantly produced with varying bioprocess conditions in 15 L bioreactor and accumulated IgG was harvested. The reliability, the robustness and the applicability of LBLI to different samples has been proven. Data obtained from LC–MS analysis served as reference and were compared to the LBLI results. The introduced method is based on non‐fluidic bio‐layer interferometry (BLI), which becomes recently a standard tool for determining biomolecular interactions in a label‐free, real‐time and high‐throughput manner. For the intended purpose, biotinylated lectins were immobilized on disposable optical fiber streptavidin (SA) biosensor tips. Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) was used to detect the core fucose and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) to determine galactosylation levels. In our case study it could be shown that fucosylation was not affected by variations in glucose feed concentration and cultivation temperature. However, the galactosylation could be correlated with the ratio of mean specific productivity (qP) and ammonium (qNH4+) but was unrelated to the ratio of mean qP and the specific glucose consumption (qgluc). This presented method strengthens the applicability of the BLI platform, which already enables measurement of several product related characteristics, such as product quantity as well as kinetic rates (kd,kon) and affinity constants (kD) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Wallner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Sissolak
- Research and Development, Bilfinger Industrietechnik Salzburg GmbH, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sommeregger
- Research and Development, Bilfinger Industrietechnik Salzburg GmbH, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Striedner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Beyer B, Walch N, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. How Similar Is Biosimilar? A Comparison of Infliximab Therapeutics in Regard to Charge Variant Profile and Antigen Binding Affinity. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800340. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Beyer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
| | - Nicole Walch
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Muthgasse 18A‐1190ViennaAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyMuthgasse 18A‐1190 ViennaAustria
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25
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Beyer B, Schuster M, Jungbauer A, Lingg N. Microheterogeneity of Recombinant Antibodies: Analytics and Functional Impact. Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [PMID: 28862393 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are typical examples of biopharmaceuticals which are composed of numerous, almost infinite numbers of potential molecular entities called variants or isoforms, which constitute the microheterogeneity of these molecules. These variants are generated during biosynthesis by so-called posttranslational modification, during purification or upon storage. The variants differ in biological properties such as pharmacodynamic properties, for example, Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity, complement activation, and pharmacokinetic properties, for example, serum half-life and safety. Recent progress in analytical technologies such as various modes of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry has helped to elucidate the structure of a lot of these variants and their biological properties. In this review the most important modifications (glycosylation, terminal modifications, amino acid side chain modifications, glycation, disulfide bond variants and aggregation) are reviewed and an attempt is made to give an overview on the biological properties, for which the reports are often contradictory. Even though there is a deep understanding of cellular and molecular mechanism of antibody modification and their consequences, the clinical proof of the effects observed in vitro and in vivo is still not fully rendered. For some modifications such as core-fucosylation of the N-glycan and aggregation the effects are clear and should be monitored, but with others such as C-terminal lysine clipping the reports are contradictory. As a consequence it seems too early to tell if any modification can be safely ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Beyer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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Hintersteiner B, Lingg N, Janzek E, Mutschlechner O, Loibner H, Jungbauer A. Microheterogeneity of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is governed by changes in the surface charge of the protein. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1617-1627. [PMID: 27753240 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown for individual antibodies, that the microheterogenity pattern can have a significant impact on various key characteristics of the product. The aim of this study to get a more generalized understanding of the importance of microheterogeneity. For that purpose, the charge variant pattern of various different commercially available therapeutic mAb products was compared using Cation-Exchange Chromatography with linear pH gradient antigen affinity, Fc-receptor affinity, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and conformational stability. For three of the investigated antibodies, the basic charge variants showed a stronger binding affinity towards FcγRIIIa as well as an increased ADCC response. Differences in the conformational stability of antibody charge variants and the corresponding reference samples could not be detected by differential scanning calorimetry. The different biological properties of the mAb variants are therefore governed by changes in the surface charge of the protein and not by an altered structure. This can help to identify aspects of microheterogeneity that are critical for product quality and can lead to further improvements in the development and production of therapeutic antibody products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hintersteiner
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Janzek
- Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 5, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hans Loibner
- Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 5, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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27
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Hintersteiner B, Lingg N, Zhang P, Woen S, Hoi KM, Stranner S, Wiederkum S, Mutschlechner O, Schuster M, Loibner H, Jungbauer A. Charge heterogeneity: Basic antibody charge variants with increased binding to Fc receptors. MAbs 2016; 8:1548-1560. [PMID: 27559765 PMCID: PMC5098448 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1225642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified active isoforms of the chimeric anti-GD2 antibody, ch14.18, a recombinant antibody produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells, which is already used in clinical trials.1,2,3 We separated the antibody by high resolution ion-exchange chromatography with linear pH gradient elution into acidic, main and basic charge variants on a preparative scale yielding enough material for an in-depth study of the sources and the effects of microheterogeneity. The binding affinity of the charge variants toward the antigen and various cell surface receptors was studied by Biacore. Effector functions were evaluated using cellular assays for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Basic charge variants showed increased binding to cell surface receptor FcγRIIIa, which plays a major role in regulating effector functions. Furthermore, increased binding of the basic fractions to the neonatal receptor was observed. As this receptor mediates the prolonged half-life of IgG in human serum, this data may well hint at an increased serum half-life of these basic variants compared to their more acidic counterparts. Different glycoform patterns, C-terminal lysine clipping and N-terminal pyroglutamate formation were identified as the main structural sources for the observed isoform pattern. Potential differences in structural stability between individual charge variant fractions by nano differential scanning calorimetry could not been detected. Our in-vitro data suggests that the connection between microheterogeneity and the biological activity of recombinant antibody therapeutics deserves more attention than commonly accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hintersteiner
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Nico Lingg
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Susanto Woen
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Kong Meng Hoi
- b Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Centros , Singapore
| | - Stefan Stranner
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | | | | | - Manfred Schuster
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hans Loibner
- c Apeiron Biologics AG, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- a Department of Biotechnology , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Hammerschmidt N, Hintersteiner B, Lingg N, Jungbauer A. Continuous precipitation of IgG from CHO cell culture supernatant in a tubular reactor. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1196-205. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lingg N, Tan E, Hintersteiner B, Bardor M, Jungbauer A. Highly linear pH gradients for analyzing monoclonal antibody charge heterogeneity in the alkaline range. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:65-71. [PMID: 24183595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies with high isoelectric point are frequent since most of them are constructed from the same framework. Classically, cation exchange chromatography is used as a standard method for the determination of antibody charge heterogeneity. In contrast, in this study highly linear pH gradients were achieved by keeping the buffering capacity over the length of the gradient constant. The buffering compounds were selected to be unretained on the column and their respective concentration was adjusted in the start and end buffer of the pH gradient to achieve constant buffering capacity. This helps conserve linearity and stability of the gradient. The method allows quantification of charge variant distribution and the determination of chromatographic isoelectric point. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel method, a ProPac WCX-10 column was used to separate isoforms of trastuzumab biosimilar antibodies. Effects of pH gradient linearity and of varying the analytical amount of sample on the separation are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lingg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, No. 06-01 Centros, 138668 Singapore, Singapore
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Lingg N, Zhang P, Song Z, Bardor M. The sweet tooth of biopharmaceuticals: importance of recombinant protein glycosylation analysis. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1462-72. [PMID: 22829536 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals currently represent the fastest growing sector of the pharmaceutical industry, mainly driven by a rapid expansion in the manufacture of recombinant protein-based drugs. Glycosylation is the most prominent post-translational modification occurring on these protein drugs. It constitutes one of the critical quality attributes that requires thorough analysis for optimal efficacy and safety. This review examines the functional importance of glycosylation of recombinant protein drugs, illustrated using three examples of protein biopharmaceuticals: IgG antibodies, erythropoietin and glucocerebrosidase. Current analytical methods are reviewed as solutions for qualitative and quantitative measurements of glycosylation to monitor quality target product profiles of recombinant glycoprotein drugs. Finally, we propose a framework for designing the quality target product profile of recombinant glycoproteins and planning workflow for glycosylation analysis with the selection of available analytical methods and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Lingg
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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