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Torres-Quintero MC, Santamaría RI, Martínez-Flores I, Bustos P, Girard L, Cevallos MÁ, Rodríguez-Sánchez C, González V. Role of core lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes in the infection and adsorption of broad-host-range bacteriophages of Rhizobium etli. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127766. [PMID: 38788349 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the role of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core of Rhizobium etli in facilitating the adsorption and infection of phages with broad host range. When the plasmid-encoded LPS biosynthesis genes, wreU and wreV, were disrupted, distinct and contrasting effects on phage infection were observed. The wreU mutant strains exhibited wild-type adsorption and infection properties, whereas the wreV mutant demonstrated resistance to phage infection, but retained the capacity to adsorb phages. Complementation of the wreV mutant strains with a recombinant plasmid containing the wreU and wreV, restored the susceptibility to the phages. However, the presence of this recombinant plasmid in a strain devoid of the native lps-encoding plasmid was insufficient to restore phage susceptibility. These results suggest that the absence of wreV impedes the proper assembly of the complete LPS core, potentially affecting the formation of UDP-KdgNAg or KDO precursors for the O-antigen. In addition, a protein not yet identified, but residing in the native lps-encoding plasmid, may be necessary for complete phage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Carmen Torres-Quintero
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela Santamaría
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico
| | - Irma Martínez-Flores
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Girard
- Programa de Microbiología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cevallos
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico
| | - César Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico
| | - Víctor González
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, UNAM, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62212, Cuernavaca, Mor, Apdo 565-A, Mexico.
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Flores-Alvarez LJ, Martínez-Flores I, Bustos P, Gómez-García A, Gutiérrez-Castellanos S, Poot-Hernández AC, Arredondo-Santoyo M. Sequencing and description of the genome of a strain of Stenotrophomonas geniculata isolated from a patient infected with COVID-19 at Hospital Regional No.1 de Charo, Michoacán, México. MicroPubl Biol 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001051. [PMID: 38415072 PMCID: PMC10897733 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas is a bacterial genus that can be found in various environments, such as water, soil, and clinical samples. Due to their high genetic and phenotypic diversity, it is difficult to properly identify and classify all isolates. The COVID-19 pandemic caused an increase in nosocomial infections, which played a major role in the high mortality rate among patients in intensive care. This is the first report of the identification of S. geniculata as a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen isolated from a patient with COVID-19. Their genome was isolated, sequenced, and assembled, and it consists of 4,488,090 bp in 24 contigs, 4,103 coding sequences, and a G+C content of 66.58%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Jose Flores-Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-IMSS. Morelia, Michoacán, México, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irma Martínez-Flores
- Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, UNAM. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Centro de Ciencias Genomicas, UNAM. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anel Gómez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-IMSS. Morelia, Michoacán, México, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Gutiérrez-Castellanos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-IMSS. Morelia, Michoacán, México. , Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Augusto César Poot-Hernández
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM. Cd de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Arredondo-Santoyo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-IMSS. Morelia, Michoacán, México, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
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Castillo A, Fasce R, Parra B, Andrade W, Covarrubias P, Hueche A, Campano C, Tambley C, Rojas M, Araya M, Hernández F, Bustos P, Fernández J. The first case of human infection with H5N1 avian Influenza A virus in Chile. J Travel Med 2023; 30:taad083. [PMID: 37310882 PMCID: PMC10481412 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highlights Here we present the first human case of Influenza A H5N1 infection in Chile, and the fifth worldwide in 2023.The patient is a 53-year-old man who lives in the north region of Chile, near the seashore.The Chilean sample was subtyped in the clade 2.3.4.4b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Castillo
- Molecular Genetics Subdepartment, Public Health Institute of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Barbara Parra
- Molecular Genetics Subdepartment, Public Health Institute of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Winston Andrade
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Paulo Covarrubias
- Molecular Genetics Subdepartment, Public Health Institute of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Andrea Hueche
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Constanza Campano
- Molecular Genetics Subdepartment, Public Health Institute of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Carolina Tambley
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Marcelo Rojas
- Molecular Genetics Subdepartment, Public Health Institute of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Maykol Araya
- Clinical Laboratory, Regional Hospital of Antofagasta, 10255 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Felipe Hernández
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - Jorge Fernández
- Molecular Genetics Subdepartment, Public Health Institute of Chile, 1000 Ñuñoa, Chile
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Regan AK, Arriola CS, Couto P, Duca L, Loayza S, Nogareda F, de Almeida WAF, Antman J, Araya S, Avendaño Vigueras MA, Battaglia Paredes SC, Brstilo IF, Bustos P, Fandiño ME, Fasce R, Giovacchini CM, González Caro CI, von Horoch M, Del Valle Juarez M, Katz N, Olivares MF, da Silva DA, da Silva ET, Sotomayor V, Vergara N, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Ropero AM. Severity of influenza illness by seasonal influenza vaccination status among hospitalised patients in four South American countries, 2013-19: a surveillance-based cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:222-232. [PMID: 36206790 PMCID: PMC9876808 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have reported attenuated influenza illness following influenza vaccination, results have been inconsistent and have focused predominantly on adults in the USA. This study aimed to evaluate the severity of influenza illness by vaccination status in a broad range of influenza vaccine target groups across multiple South American countries. METHODS We analysed data from four South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay) participating in REVELAC-i, a multicentre, test-negative design, vaccine effectiveness network including 41 sentinel hospitals. Individuals hospitalised at one of these centres with severe acute respiratory infection were tested for influenza by real-time RT-PCR, and were included in the analysis if they had complete information about their vaccination status and outcomes of their hospital stay. We used multivariable logistic regression weighted by inverse probability of vaccination and adjusted for antiviral use, duration of illness before admission, and calendar week, to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital death (and combinations of these outcomes) among influenza-positive patients by vaccination status for three target groups: young children (aged 6-24 months), adults (aged 18-64 years) with pre-existing health conditions, and older adults (aged ≥65 years). Survival curves were used to compare length of hospital stay by vaccination status in each target group. FINDINGS 2747 patients hospitalised with PCR-confirmed influenza virus infection between Jan 1, 2013, and Dec 8, 2019, were included in the study: 649 children (70 [10·8%] fully vaccinated, 193 [29·7%] partially vaccinated) of whom 87 (13·4%) were admitted to ICU and 12 (1·8%) died in hospital; 520 adults with pre-existing medical conditions (118 [22·7%] vaccinated), of whom 139 (26·7%) were admitted to ICU and 55 (10·6%) died in hospital; and 1578 older adults (609 [38·6%] vaccinated), of whom 271 (17·2%) were admitted to ICU and 220 (13·9%) died in hospital. We observed earlier discharge among partially vaccinated children (adjusted hazard ratio 1·14 [95% CI 1·01-1·29]), fully vaccinated children (1·24 [1·04-1·47]), and vaccinated adults with pre-existing medical conditions (1·78 [1·18-2·69]) compared with their unvaccinated counterparts, but not among vaccinated older adults (0·82 [0·65-1·04]). Compared with unvaccinated individuals, lower odds of ICU admission were found for partially vaccinated children (aOR 0·64 [95% CI 0·44-0·92]) and fully vaccinated children (0·52 [0·28-0·98]), but not for adults with pre-existing conditions (1·25 [0·93-1·67]) or older adults (0·88 [0·72-1·08]). Lower odds of in-hospital death (0·62 [0·50-0·78]) were found in vaccinated versus unvaccinated older adults, with or without ICU admission, but did not differ significantly in partially vaccinated (1·35 [0·57-3·20]) or fully vaccinated young children (0·88 [0·16-4·82]) or adults with pre-existing medical conditions (1·09 [0·73-1·63]) compared with the respective unvaccinated patient groups. INTERPRETATION Influenza vaccination was associated with illness attenuation among those hospitalised with influenza, although results differed by vaccine target group. These findings might suggest that attenuation of disease severity might be specific to certain target groups, seasons, or settings. FUNDING US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. TRANSLATIONS For the Spanish and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Regan
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, University of San Francisco, Orange, CA, USA; Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Carmen Sofia Arriola
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paula Couto
- Health Emergencies Program, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey Duca
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sergio Loayza
- Department of Family, Health Promotion, and Life Course, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Francisco Nogareda
- Department of Family, Health Promotion, and Life Course, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Julian Antman
- Surveillance Area, Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consultant to The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Soraya Araya
- Expanded Program on Immunizations, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Bustos
- Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Eugenia Fandiño
- Surveillance Area, Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Marta von Horoch
- General Directorate of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Maria Del Valle Juarez
- Directorate for the Control of Immunopreventable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nathalia Katz
- Directorate for the Control of Immunopreventable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Vergara
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alba Maria Ropero
- Department of Family, Health Promotion, and Life Course, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA
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5
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Van Cauwenberghe J, Santamaría RI, Bustos P, González V. Novel lineages of single-stranded DNA phages that coevolved with the symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:990394. [PMID: 36177468 PMCID: PMC9512667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.990394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes novel single-stranded DNA phages isolated from common bean agriculture soils by infection of the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium etli and R. phaseoli. A total of 29 phages analyzed have 4.3–6 kb genomes in size and GC 59–60%. They belong to different clades unrelated to other Microviridae subfamilies. Three-dimensional models of the major capsid protein (MCP) showed a conserved β-barrel structural “jelly-roll” fold. A variable-length loop in the MCPs distinguished three Rhizobium microvirus groups. Microviridae subfamilies were consistent with viral clusters determined by the protein-sharing network. All viral clusters, except for Bullavirinae, included mostly microviruses identified in metagenomes from distinct ecosystems. Two Rhizobium microvirus clusters, chaparroviruses, and chicoviruses, were included within large viral unknown clusters with microvirus genomes identified in diverse metagenomes. A third Rhizobium microvirus cluster belonged to the subfamily Amoyvirinae. Phylogenetic analysis of the MCP confirms the divergence of the Rhizobium microviruses into separate clades. The phylogeny of the bacterial hosts matches the microvirus MCP phylogeny, suggesting a coevolutionary history between the phages and their bacterial host. This study provided essential biological information on cultivated microvirus for understanding the evolution and ecological diversification of the Microviridae family in diverse microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jannick Van Cauwenberghe,
| | - Rosa I. Santamaría
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor González
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Víctor González,
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Bustos P, Vásquez X. [Monitoring the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes in Santiago, Chile]. Andes Pediatr 2022; 93:327-335. [PMID: 35857003 DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v93i3.3794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 1981, the WHO and its member countries adopted the International Code of Marketing of Breast- milk Substitutes (CODE) to regulate the marketing of infant feeding products. OBJECTIVE To eva luate compliance with the CODE in Santiago, identifying the most frequent violations. SUBJECTS AND METHOD The WHO protocol was applied between June and September 2017 to evaluate the CODE compliance in family health centers (CESFAM) and maternity hospitals (MH) by interviewing 451 mothers and 164 healthcare professionals. In addition, advertising of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) and CODE violations in the media, points of sale (small stores n = 70 and large stores n = 10), and labels of these products were evaluated. RESULTS In this study, 21% of mothers of newborn infants, 52% of mothers of infants younger than six months, and 71% of mothers of infants older than six months reported receiving instructions on BMS. Exposure to advertising of BMS exceeded 80%, while 4.7% and 2.9% received free samples or discount coupons, respectively. Among healthcare professio nals, 40% from CESFAM and 75% from MH indicated visits from company representatives. Du ring the study period, we found only two television adverts and 59 advertisements on 27 websites. Frequent CODE violations in large stores were offering discounts (70%), special displays (26.5%), and 3,6% promotional gifts. Product label violations were infrequent, however, all labels presented images idealizing product use. CONCLUSIONS CODE violations are common in Santiago, Chile. The country would benefit from adopting all the CODE's recommendations, improving oversight, and toughening penalties in case of violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bustos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Vásquez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Santamaría RI, Bustos P, Van Cauwenberghe J, González V. Hidden diversity of double-stranded DNA phages in symbiotic Rhizobium species. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200468. [PMID: 34839703 PMCID: PMC8628074 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we addressed the extent of diversification of phages associated with nitrogen-fixing symbiotic Rhizobium species. Despite the ecological and economic importance of the Rhizobium genus, little is known about the diversity of the associated phages. A thorough assessment of viral diversity requires investigating both lytic phages and prophages harboured in diverse Rhizobium genomes. Protein-sharing networks identified 56 viral clusters (VCs) among a set of 425 isolated phages and predicted prophages. The VCs formed by phages had more proteins in common and a higher degree of synteny, and they group together in clades in the associated phylogenetic tree. By contrast, the VCs of prophages showed significant genetic variation and gene loss, with selective pressure on the remaining genes. Some VCs were found in various Rhizobium species and geographical locations, suggesting that they have wide host ranges. Our results indicate that the VCs represent distinct taxonomic units, probably representing taxa equivalent to genera or even species. The finding of previously undescribed phage taxa indicates the need for further exploration of the diversity of phages associated with Rhizobium species. This article is part of the theme issue 'The secret lives of microbial mobile genetic elements'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa I. Santamaría
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Víctor González
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Hidalgo-Cabrera A, Bustos P, Vidal-Pérez D, Schmitt P, Brokordt K, Brown DI, Farlora R. Analysis and gonadal localization of Speedy A mRNA transcript, a novel gene associated with early germline cells in the scallop, Argopecten purpuratus. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 236:106909. [PMID: 34954527 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Speedy A (spdya) gene is a member of the Speedy/RINGO family, encoding a spdya protein associated with cellular cycle and meiosis in vertebrates. Results from genetic analyses indicated spdya conditional knockout mice are sterile, suggesting that this protein has essential functions in mammalian reproduction. There, however, are no published reports on the localization of spdya mRNA in the germline or in somatic cell lineages within the gonads from mollusks or other invertebrate species. Using a previously obtained transcriptome assembly from the scallop Argopecten purpuratus, an economically important hermaphroditic scallop species from Chile and Peru, there was identification of a complete coding sequence of the spdya mRNA. Phylogenetically spdya protein has sequence conservation homology with other scallops and mollusks. The relative mRNA transcript abundances at different gametogenic stages was assessed using quantitative PCR procedures. Results indicated there was an increase of spdya mRNA transcript abundance in testicular region samples at the late active stage, followed by a decrease in testis of reproductively mature individuals. To gain insight into the cellular localization of ap-spdya transcript within the gonads, specific RNA probes were synthesized for in situ hybridization analyses of gonad histological sections. Results indicated spdya mRNA is located exclusively in early germline (previtellogenic oocytes and spermatogonia) and somatic proliferative tissues of A. purpuratus ovarian and testicular regions. Overall, these results indicate there are putative functions of spdya in the early oogenesis and spermatogenesis of A. purpuratus and will contribute to furthering the understanding of gametogenesis in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hidalgo-Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática y Genómica Reproductiva (LABYGER), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P Bustos
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática y Genómica Reproductiva (LABYGER), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - D Vidal-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática y Genómica Reproductiva (LABYGER), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P Schmitt
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - K Brokordt
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - D I Brown
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - R Farlora
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática y Genómica Reproductiva (LABYGER), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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9
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Fernández J, Bruneau N, Fasce R, Martín HS, Balanda M, Bustos P, Ulloa S, Mora J, Ramírez E. Neutralization of alpha, gamma, and D614G SARS-CoV-2 variants by CoronaVac vaccine-induced antibodies. J Med Virol 2021; 94:399-403. [PMID: 34460119 PMCID: PMC8662277 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination generates a neutralizing immune response against SARS‐CoV‐2. The genomic surveillance is showing the emergence of variants with mutations in spike, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. To understand the impact of these variants, we report the neutralization potency against alpha, gamma, and D614G SARS‐CoV‐2 variants in 44 individuals that received two doses of CoronaVac vaccine, an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. Plasma samples collected at 60 days after the second dose of CoronaVac were analyzed by the reduction of cytopathic effect in Vero E6 cells with the three infectious variants of SARS‐CoV‐2. Plasma showed lower neutralization with alpha (geometric mean titer [GMT] = 18.5) and gamma (GMT = 10.0) variants than with D614G (GMT = 75.1) variant. Efficient neutralization against the alpha and gamma variants was not detected in 31.8% and 59.1% of plasma, respectively. These findings suggest the alpha and gamma variants could escape from neutralization by antibodies elicited by vaccination. Robust genomic and biological surveillance of viral variants could help to develop effective strategies for the control of SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Fernández
- Subdepartment of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Bruneau
- Section of Oncogenic Viruses, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor San Martín
- Section of Oncogenic Viruses, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monserrat Balanda
- Section of Oncogenic Viruses, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Section of Respiratory Viruses, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Ulloa
- Subdepartment of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Mora
- Department of National and Reference Biomedical Laboratory, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Ramírez
- Section of Oncogenic Viruses, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Staadegaard L, Caini S, Wangchuk S, Thapa B, de Almeida WAF, de Carvalho FC, Fasce RA, Bustos P, Kyncl J, Novakova L, Caicedo AB, de Mora Coloma DJ, Meijer A, Hooiveld M, Huang QS, Wood T, Guiomar R, Rodrigues AP, Lee VJM, Ang LW, Cohen C, Moyes J, Larrauri A, Delgado-Sanz C, Demont C, Bangert M, Dückers M, van Summeren J, Paget J. Defining the seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus around the world: National and subnational surveillance data from 12 countries. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 15:732-741. [PMID: 34255934 PMCID: PMC8542954 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections and have a major burden on society. For prevention and control to be deployed effectively, an improved understanding of the seasonality of RSV is necessary. Objectives The main objective of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of RSV seasonality by examining the GERi multi‐country surveillance dataset. Methods RSV seasons were included in the analysis if they contained ≥100 cases. Seasonality was determined using the “average annual percentage” method. Analyses were performed at a subnational level for the United States and Brazil. Results We included 601 425 RSV cases from 12 countries. Most temperate countries experienced RSV epidemics in the winter, with a median duration of 10–21 weeks. Not all epidemics fit this pattern in a consistent manner, with some occurring later or in an irregular manner. More variation in timing was observed in (sub)tropical countries, and we found substantial differences in seasonality at a subnational level. No association was found between the timing of the epidemic and the dominant RSV subtype. Conclusions Our findings suggest that geographical location or climatic characteristics cannot be used as a definitive predictor for the timing of RSV epidemics and highlight the need for (sub)national data collection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Staadegaard
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saverio Caini
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Binay Thapa
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | | | - Rodrigo A Fasce
- Subdepartamento Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Sección Virus Respiratorios, Subdepartamento Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jan Kyncl
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Novakova
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alfredo Bruno Caicedo
- Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Centro de Referencia Nacional de Influenza y otros Virus Respiratorios, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Domenica Joseth de Mora Coloma
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Centro de Referencia Nacional de Influenza y otros Virus Respiratorios, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte Hooiveld
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Q Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease (NCBID), Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Tim Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease (NCBID), Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Li Wei Ang
- Ministry of Health, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Disease and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Centre for Respiratory Disease and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amparo Larrauri
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Delgado-Sanz
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Michel Dückers
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - John Paget
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Van Cauwenberghe J, Santamaría RI, Bustos P, Juárez S, Ducci MA, Figueroa Fleming T, Etcheverry AV, González V. Spatial patterns in phage-Rhizobium coevolutionary interactions across regions of common bean domestication. ISME J 2021; 15:2092-2106. [PMID: 33558688 PMCID: PMC8245606 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages play significant roles in the composition, diversity, and evolution of bacterial communities. Despite their importance, it remains unclear how phage diversity and phage-host interactions are spatially structured. Local adaptation may play a key role. Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria, known as rhizobia, have been shown to locally adapt to domesticated common bean at its Mesoamerican and Andean sites of origin. This may affect phage-rhizobium interactions. However, knowledge about the diversity and coevolution of phages with their respective Rhizobium populations is lacking. Here, through the study of four phage-Rhizobium communities in Mexico and Argentina, we show that both phage and host diversity is spatially structured. Cross-infection experiments demonstrated that phage infection rates were higher overall in sympatric rhizobia than in allopatric rhizobia except for one Argentinean community, indicating phage local adaptation and host maladaptation. Phage-host interactions were shaped by the genetic identity and geographic origin of both the phage and the host. The phages ranged from specialists to generalists, revealing a nested network of interactions. Our results suggest a key role of local adaptation to resident host bacterial communities in shaping the phage genetic and phenotypic composition, following a similar spatial pattern of diversity and coevolution to that in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico, Mexico.
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Rosa I Santamaría
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Soledad Juárez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Maria Antonella Ducci
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | | | | | - Víctor González
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México, Mexico, Mexico.
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12
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Staadegaard L, Caini S, Wangchuk S, Thapa B, de Almeida WAF, de Carvalho FC, Njouom R, Fasce RA, Bustos P, Kyncl J, Novakova L, Caicedo AB, de Mora Coloma DJ, Meijer A, Hooiveld M, Huang S, Wood T, Guiomar R, Rodrigues AP, Danilenko D, Stolyarov K, Lee VJM, Ang LW, Cohen C, Moyes J, Larrauri A, Delgado-Sanz C, Le MQ, Hoang PVM, Demont C, Bangert M, van Summeren J, Dückers M, Paget J. The Global Epidemiology of RSV in Community and Hospitalized Care: Findings From 15 Countries. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab159. [PMID: 34337092 PMCID: PMC8320297 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of acute respiratory tract infections. To optimize control strategies, a better understanding of the global epidemiology of RSV is critical. To this end, we initiated the Global Epidemiology of RSV in Hospitalized and Community care study (GERi). Methods Focal points from 44 countries were approached to join GERi and share detailed RSV surveillance data. Countries completed a questionnaire on the characteristics of their surveillance system. Results Fifteen countries provided granular surveillance data and information on their surveillance system. A median (interquartile range) of 1641 (552–2415) RSV cases per season were reported from 2000 and 2020. The majority (55%) of RSV cases occurred in the <1-year-olds, with 8% of cases reported in those aged ≥65 years. Hospitalized cases were younger than those in community care. We found no age difference between RSV subtypes and no clear pattern of dominant subtypes. Conclusions The high number of cases in the <1-year-olds indicates a need to focus prevention efforts in this group. The minimal differences between RSV subtypes and their co-circulation implies that prevention needs to target both subtypes. Importantly, there appears to be a lack of RSV surveillance data in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Staadegaard
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saverio Caini
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Binay Thapa
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | | | - Richard Njouom
- Service de Virologie, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigo A Fasce
- Subdepartamento Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Sección Virus Respiratorios, Subdepartamento Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jan Kyncl
- Department of Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Novakova
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alfredo Bruno Caicedo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Centro de Referencia Nacional de Influenza y otros Virus Respiratorios, Guayaquil, Ecuador.,Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Domenica Joseth de Mora Coloma
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (INSPI), Centro de Referencia Nacional de Influenza y otros Virus Respiratorios, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëtte Hooiveld
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease (NCBID), Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Tim Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR), National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease (NCBID), Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Daria Danilenko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill Stolyarov
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - Li Wei Ang
- Ministry of Health, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Disease and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Centre for Respiratory Disease and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amparo Larrauri
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Delgado-Sanz
- National Centre of Epidemiology, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mai Quynh Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Michel Dückers
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - John Paget
- Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, the Netherlands
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13
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Bustos P, Tambley C, Acevedo A, Andrade W, Leal G, Vidal D, Roldán F, Fasce R, Ramírez E. Quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal samples from infected patients with mild disease. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2439-2445. [PMID: 33368332 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) cases is based on the count of real-time reverse transcription-plymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive people. Viral load by real-time RT-PCR has been suggested as a biomarker of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the association of viral load and severity of the disease is not yet resolved. Nasopharyngeal samples from 458 patients were tested by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Relative quantitation was made by the comparative threshold cycle (ΔΔCt ) formula between ORF1ab viral and RNase P housekeeping genes. Absolute viral load was calculate using a reference positive control. Most prevalent clinical signs were cough (75.8%), myalgia (66.7%), and fever (48.5%). Hypertension (18.2%), neurological diseases (15.1%), and asthma and hypothyroidism (12.1%) were most frequent comorbidities. Fever, either as an exclusive symptom or combined with others, was associated with high viral loads ( 2 - ∆ ∆ C t range, 35.65-155.16; 4.25-4.89 log10 RNA copies/test]). During the first week after onset of symptoms in mild patients up to 60 years-old was detected the peak of viral load. Children under 10 years old have a high viral load (313.84; 2.50) in the first 2 days postinfection with a sharp decline thereafter. Cases between 10 and 49 years old mostly showed low and moderate viral load during the first 2 days postinfection (range, 0.03 to 17.24; -1.50 to 1.24). Patients over 60 years old have high viral load up to the second week after the onset of symptoms (range, 25.32-155.42; 1.40-2.19), indicating the longer presence of the virus in them. These findings suggest the viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs would help to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 infection in mild coronavirus disease 2019 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bustos
- Section of Respiratory Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Tambley
- Section of Respiratory Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Acevedo
- Section of Respiratory Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winston Andrade
- Section of Respiratory Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Leal
- Section of Respiratory Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Deyanira Vidal
- Section of Oncogenic Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Roldán
- Section of Oncogenic Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Section of Respiratory Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Ramírez
- Section of Oncogenic Virus, Subdepartment of Viral Diseases, Biomedical Department, Public Health Institute of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Castillo AE, Parra B, Tapia P, Lagos J, Arata L, Acevedo A, Andrade W, Leal G, Tambley C, Bustos P, Fasce R, Fernández J. Geographical Distribution of Genetic Variants and Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile. Front Public Health 2020; 8:562615. [PMID: 33072699 PMCID: PMC7536338 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.562615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a worldwide public health concern. First confined in China and then disseminated widely across Europe and America, SARS-CoV-2 has impacted and moved the scientific community around the world to working in a fast and coordinated way to collect all possible information about this virus and generate new strategies and protocols to try to stop the infection. During March 2020, more than 16,000 full viral genomes have been shared in public databases that allow the construction of genetic landscapes for tracking and monitoring the viral advances over time and study the genomic variations present in geographic regions. In this work, we present the occurrence of genetic variants and lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in Chile during March to April 2020. Complete genome analysis of 141 viral samples from different regions of Chile revealed a predominance of variant D614G like in Europe and the USA and the major presence of lineage B.1. These findings could help take control measures due to the similarity of the viral variants present in Chile, compared with other countries, and monitor the dynamic change of virus variants in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E Castillo
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Parra
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Tapia
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Lagos
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loredana Arata
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Acevedo
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winston Andrade
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Leal
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Tambley
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Fernández
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Balderas-Ruíz KA, Bustos P, Santamaria RI, González V, Cristiano-Fajardo SA, Barrera-Ortíz S, Mezo-Villalobos M, Aranda-Ocampo S, Guevara-García ÁA, Galindo E, Serrano-Carreón L. Bacillus velezensis 83 a bacterial strain from mango phyllosphere, useful for biological control and plant growth promotion. AMB Express 2020; 10:163. [PMID: 32894363 PMCID: PMC7477031 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis 83 was isolated from mango tree phyllosphere of orchards located in El Rosario, Sinaloa, México. The assessment of this strain as BCA (biological control agent), as well as PGPB (plant growth-promoting bacteria), were demonstrated through in vivo and in vitro assays. In vivo assays showed that B. velezensis 83 was able to control anthracnose (Kent mangoes) as efficiently as chemical treatment with Captan 50 PH™ or Cupravit hidro™. The inoculation of B. velezensis 83 to the roots of maize seedlings yielded an increase of 12% in height and 45% of root biomass, as compared with uninoculated seedlings. In vitro co-culture assays showed that B. velezensis 83 promoted Arabidopsis thaliana growth (root and shoot biomass) while, under the same experimental conditions, B. velezensis FZB42 (reference strain) had a suppressive effect on plant growth. In order to characterize the isolated strain, the complete genome sequence of B. velezensis 83 is reported. Its circular genome consists of 3,997,902 bp coding to 3949 predicted genes. The assembly and annotation of this genome revealed gene clusters related with plant-bacteria interaction and sporulation, as well as ten secondary metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters implicated in the biological control of phytopathogens. Despite the high genomic identity (> 98%) between B. velezensis 83 and B. velezensis FZB42, they are phenotypically different. Indeed, in vitro production of compounds such as surfactin and bacillomycin D (biocontrol activity) and γ-PGA (biofilm component) is significantly different between both strains. ![]()
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16
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Pereyra I, Bustos P. Trend and factors associated with adverse birth weight in Uruguayan children between 2009 and 2015. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042020000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: to identify trendand factors associated with adverse birth weight. Methods: cross-sectional design. The analysis uses the 2009-2015 Uruguay Perinatal Computer Systemdata on 303,625 newborns. Results: the prevalence of macrosomia (> 3,999g) has increased from 7.0% to 8.4%. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) (< 2,500g) decreased, standing at 6.6% in the last year. The factors that determines more possibilities of LBW were preeclampsia (OR = 4.80; CI95%= 4.57-5.05), inadequate controls (OR = 2.29; CI95%= 2.20-2.39), shorter duration of pregnancy (OR = 2.52; CI95%= 2.50-2.55), previous hypertension (OR = 2.11; CI95%= 1.96-2.27), hypertensive disease of pregnancy (OR = 1.82; CI95%= 1.74-1.90), low prematernal maternal weight (OR = 1.65; CI95%= 1.58-1.74). Macrosomia was associated with type 1 diabetes (OR = 2.21; CI95%= 1.86-2.61), Type 2 or Gestational (OR = 1.78; CI95%= 1.70-1.87), obesity maternal (OR = 2.33; CI95%= 2.24-2.43) and longer gestation duration (OR = 2.62; CI95%= 2.53-2.72). Conclusions: the LBW decreases while the macrosomia increases. The health and nutritional status of women at the beginning of pregnancy, pathologies of the last trimester, smoking, shorter duration of pregnancy and inadequate controls are associated with BPN. Overweight, obesity and metabolic diseases determine macrosomia.
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17
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Sullivan SG, Arriola CS, Bocacao J, Burgos P, Bustos P, Carville KS, Cheng AC, Chilver MB, Cohen C, Deng YM, El Omeiri N, Fasce RA, Hellferscee O, Huang QS, Gonzalez C, Jelley L, Leung VK, Lopez L, McAnerney JM, McNeill A, Olivares MF, Peck H, Sotomayor V, Tempia S, Vergara N, von Gottberg A, Walaza S, Wood T. Heterogeneity in influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness in Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa: early estimates of the 2019 influenza season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31718744 PMCID: PMC6852316 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.45.1900645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We compared 2019 influenza seasonality and vaccine effectiveness (VE) in four southern hemisphere countries: Australia, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa. Influenza seasons differed in timing, duration, intensity and predominant circulating viruses. VE estimates were also heterogeneous, with all-ages point estimates ranging from 7-70% (I2: 33%) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 4-57% (I2: 49%) for A(H3N2) and 29-66% (I2: 0%) for B. Caution should be applied when attempting to use southern hemisphere data to predict the northern hemisphere influenza season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena G Sullivan
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Doherty Department, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmen S Arriola
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Judy Bocacao
- National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Pamela Burgos
- Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Sección de Virus Respiratorios y Exantematicos, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kylie S Carville
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monique Bm Chilver
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathalie El Omeiri
- Pan American Health Organization(PAHO)/WHO Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, United States
| | - Rodrigo A Fasce
- Subdepartamento de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Q Sue Huang
- National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Gonzalez
- Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lauren Jelley
- National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Vivian Ky Leung
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Doherty Department, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Liza Lopez
- Health Intelligence Team, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Andrea McNeill
- Health Intelligence Team, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Maria F Olivares
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Heidi Peck
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Stefano Tempia
- MassGenics, Duluth, United States.,Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States
| | - Natalia Vergara
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Ministerio de Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Timothy Wood
- Health Intelligence Team, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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18
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Castillo AE, Parra B, Tapia P, Acevedo A, Lagos J, Andrade W, Arata L, Leal G, Barra G, Tambley C, Tognarelli J, Bustos P, Ulloa S, Fasce R, Fernández J. Phylogenetic analysis of the first four SARS-CoV-2 cases in Chile. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1562-1566. [PMID: 32222995 PMCID: PMC7228331 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic caused by the new coronavirus is a worldwide public health concern. To aboard this emergency, and like never before, scientific groups around the world have been working in a fast and coordinated way to get the maximum of information about this virus when it has been almost 3 months since the first cases were detected in Wuhan province in China. The complete genome sequences of around 450 isolates are available, and studies about similarities and differences among them and with the close related viruses that caused similar epidemics in this century. In this work, we studied the complete genome of the first four cases of the new coronavirus disease in Chile, from patients who traveled to Europe and Southeast Asia. Our findings reveal at least two different viral variants entries to Chilean territory, coming from Europe and Asia. We also sub‐classified the isolates into variants according to punctual mutations in the genome. Our work contributes to global information about transmission dynamics and the importance to take control measures to stop the spread of the infection. First genetic study of the SARS‐CoV‐2 isolates in Chile. At least two different viral variants were identified from Chilean travelers. S and G Chilean variants are associated to European and Asian viral isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E Castillo
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Parra
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Tapia
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Acevedo
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Lagos
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winston Andrade
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loredana Arata
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Leal
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gisselle Barra
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Tambley
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Tognarelli
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Ulloa
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Section of Respiratory and Exanthematic Viruses, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Fernández
- Molecular Genetics Sub Department, Institute of Public Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Cabrera-Contreras R, Santamaría RI, Bustos P, Martínez-Flores I, Meléndez-Herrada E, Morelos-Ramírez R, Barbosa-Amezcua M, González-Covarrubias V, Silva-Herzog E, Soberón X, González V. Genomic diversity of prevalent Staphylococcus epidermidis multidrug-resistant strains isolated from a Children's Hospital in México City in an eight-years survey. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8068. [PMID: 31768302 PMCID: PMC6874853 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a human commensal and pathogen worldwide distributed. In this work, we surveyed for multi-resistant S. epidermidis strains in eight years at a children's health-care unit in México City. Multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis were present in all years of the study, including resistance to methicillin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. To understand the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance and its association with virulence and gene exchange, we sequenced the genomes of 17 S. epidermidis isolates. Whole-genome nucleotide identities between all the pairs of S. epidermidis strains were about 97% to 99%. We inferred a clonal structure and eight Multilocus Sequence Types (MLSTs) in the S. epidermidis sequenced collection. The profile of virulence includes genes involved in biofilm formation and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). Half of the S. epidermidis analyzed lacked the ica operon for biofilm formation. Likely, they are commensal S. epidermidis strains but multi-antibiotic resistant. Uneven distribution of insertion sequences, phages, and CRISPR-Cas immunity phage systems suggest frequent horizontal gene transfer. Rates of recombination between S. epidermidis strains were more prevalent than the mutation rate and affected the whole genome. Therefore, the multidrug resistance, independently of the pathogenic traits, might explain the persistence of specific highly adapted S. epidermidis clonal lineages in nosocomial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cabrera-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosa I Santamaría
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Irma Martínez-Flores
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Meléndez-Herrada
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rubén Morelos-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor González
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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20
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Marfil R, Romero-Garces A, Bandera JP, Manso LJ, Calderita LV, Bustos P, Bandera A, Garcia-Polo J, Fernandez F, Voilmy D. Perceptions or Actions? Grounding How Agents Interact Within a Software Architecture for Cognitive Robotics. Cognit Comput 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12559-019-09685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Caini S, Kusznierz G, Garate VV, Wangchuk S, Thapa B, de Paula Júnior FJ, Ferreira de Almeida WA, Njouom R, Fasce RA, Bustos P, Feng L, Peng Z, Araya JL, Bruno A, de Mora D, Barahona de Gámez MJ, Pebody R, Zambon M, Higueros R, Rivera R, Kosasih H, Castrucci MR, Bella A, Kadjo HA, Daouda C, Makusheva A, Bessonova O, Chaves SS, Emukule GO, Heraud JM, Razanajatovo NH, Barakat A, El Falaki F, Meijer A, Donker GA, Huang QS, Wood T, Balmaseda A, Palekar R, Arévalo BM, Rodrigues AP, Guiomar R, Lee VJM, Ang LW, Cohen C, Treurnicht F, Mironenko A, Holubka O, Bresee J, Brammer L, Le MTQ, Hoang PVM, El Guerche-Séblain C, Paget J. The epidemiological signature of influenza B virus and its B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages in the 21st century. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222381. [PMID: 31513690 PMCID: PMC6742362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the epidemiological characteristics, pattern of circulation, and geographical distribution of influenza B viruses and its lineages using data from the Global Influenza B Study. We included over 1.8 million influenza cases occurred in thirty-one countries during 2000–2018. We calculated the proportion of cases caused by influenza B and its lineages; determined the timing of influenza A and B epidemics; compared the age distribution of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata cases; and evaluated the frequency of lineage-level mismatch for the trivalent vaccine. The median proportion of influenza cases caused by influenza B virus was 23.4%, with a tendency (borderline statistical significance, p = 0.060) to be higher in tropical vs. temperate countries. Influenza B was the dominant virus type in about one every seven seasons. In temperate countries, influenza B epidemics occurred on average three weeks later than influenza A epidemics; no consistent pattern emerged in the tropics. The two B lineages caused a comparable proportion of influenza B cases globally, however the B/Yamagata was more frequent in temperate countries, and the B/Victoria in the tropics (p = 0.048). B/Yamagata patients were significantly older than B/Victoria patients in almost all countries. A lineage-level vaccine mismatch was observed in over 40% of seasons in temperate countries and in 30% of seasons in the tropics. The type B virus caused a substantial proportion of influenza infections globally in the 21st century, and its two virus lineages differed in terms of age and geographical distribution of patients. These findings will help inform health policy decisions aiming to reduce disease burden associated with seasonal influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriela Kusznierz
- National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Emilio Coni", Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Binay Thapa
- Royal Centre for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | | | | | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rodrigo A. Fasce
- Sub-Department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Sub-Department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luzhao Feng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jenny Lara Araya
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alfredo Bruno
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), National Reference Centre for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Agricultural University of Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Doménica de Mora
- National Institute of Public Health Research (INSPI), National Reference Centre for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Maria Zambon
- Public Health England, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Higueros
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | - Maria Rita Castrucci
- National Influenza Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Bella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Hervé A. Kadjo
- Department of Epidemic Virus, Institut Pasteur, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Coulibaly Daouda
- Service of Epidemiological Diseases Surveillance, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ainash Makusheva
- National Center of Expertise, Committee of Public Health Protection, Ministry of Health, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Olga Bessonova
- National Center of Expertise, Committee of Public Health Protection, Ministry of Health, Uralsk City, Kazakhstan
| | - Sandra S. Chaves
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gideon O. Emukule
- Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jean-Michel Heraud
- National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Norosoa H. Razanajatovo
- National Influenza Center, Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Amal Barakat
- National Influenza Center, Institut National d'Hygiène, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Falaki
- National Influenza Center, Institut National d'Hygiène, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gé A. Donker
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Q. Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Weillngton, New Zealand
| | - Tim Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Weillngton, New Zealand
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Rakhee Palekar
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | | | - Ana Paula Rodrigues
- Department of epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- National Influenza Reference Laboratory, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Li Wei Ang
- Public Health Group, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florette Treurnicht
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alla Mironenko
- L.V.Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Department of Respiratory and other Viral Infections, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Holubka
- L.V.Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Department of Respiratory and other Viral Infections, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Joseph Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lynnette Brammer
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mai T. Q. Le
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain
- Global Vaccine Epidemiology and Modeling Department (VEM), Franchise Epidemiologist, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Amigo H, Bustos P. [The health and nutrition of indigenous children in Chile (Mapuche)]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35Suppl 3:e00073918. [PMID: 31433032 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00073918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the health and nutritional status of Chilean indigenous children, specifically Mapuche children, as published in the literature and specific population-based studies. The searches were conducted in PubMed and LILACS in the last 15 years. From 2006 to 2015, the poverty rate was higher in the indigenous population, with a decrease in the gap from 16% in 2006 to 7.7% in 2015 (p < 0.001). In the first decade of this century, infant mortality in indigenous children was 17.1/1,000 live births, while in non-indigenous children it was 8.8/1,000, and the gap was maintained in the five-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Newborns with birthweight < 2,500g in the year 2000 did not reach 6% (5.6% in non-indigenous and 5.2% in indigenous children). Low height at first school enrollment was 8.4% in indigenous schoolchildren and 3.1% in non-indigenous children, decreasing to 3.7% in indigenous children and 2.6% in non-indigenous children in 2004, while obesity increased more in indigenous children, reaching 24.2% in indigenous and 25.3% in non-indigenous children (p < 0.001). Menarche appeared four months later on average in indigenous girls (12.7 years), and body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass were significantly greater in indigenous girls at the time of thelarche, as was the overweight rate (55%, vs. 42% in non-indigenous). Mapuche children show favorable health and nutritional status compared to indigenous children elsewhere in Latin America, but there is still an adverse gap compared to non-indigenous Chilean children. This inequality affecting indigenous Chilean children should be acknowledged and corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Amigo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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González V, Santamaría RI, Bustos P, Pérez-Carrascal OM, Vinuesa P, Juárez S, Martínez-Flores I, Cevallos MÁ, Brom S, Martínez-Romero E, Romero D. Phylogenomic Rhizobium Species Are Structured by a Continuum of Diversity and Genomic Clusters. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:910. [PMID: 31114559 PMCID: PMC6503217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial genus Rhizobium comprises diverse symbiotic nitrogen-fixing species associated with the roots of plants in the Leguminosae family. Multiple genomic clusters defined by whole genome comparisons occur within Rhizobium, but their equivalence to species is controversial. In this study we investigated such genomic clusters to ascertain their significance in a species phylogeny context. Phylogenomic inferences based on complete sets of ribosomal proteins and stringent core genome markers revealed the main lineages of Rhizobium. The clades corresponding to R. etli and R. leguminosarum species show several genomic clusters with average genomic nucleotide identities (ANI > 95%), and a continuum of divergent strains, respectively. They were found to be inversely correlated with the genetic distance estimated from concatenated ribosomal proteins. We uncovered evidence of a Rhizobium pangenome that was greatly expanded, both in its chromosomes and plasmids. Despite the variability of extra-chromosomal elements, our genomic comparisons revealed only a few chromid and plasmid families. The presence/absence profile of genes in the complete Rhizobium genomes agreed with the phylogenomic pattern of species divergence. Symbiotic genes were distributed according to the principal phylogenomic Rhizobium clades but did not resolve genome clusters within the clades. We distinguished some types of symbiotic plasmids within Rhizobium that displayed different rates of synonymous nucleotide substitutions in comparison to chromosomal genes. Symbiotic plasmids may have been repeatedly transferred horizontally between strains and species, in the process displacing and substituting pre-existing symbiotic plasmids. In summary, the results indicate that Rhizobium genomic clusters, as defined by whole genomic identities, might be part of a continuous process of evolutionary divergence that includes the core and the extrachromosomal elements leading to species formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rosa Isela Santamaría
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo Vinuesa
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Soledad Juárez
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Irma Martínez-Flores
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Susana Brom
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - David Romero
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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25
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Mancilla-Rojano J, Castro-Jaimes S, Ochoa SA, Bobadilla Del Valle M, Luna-Pineda VM, Bustos P, Laris-González A, Arellano-Galindo J, Parra-Ortega I, Hernández-Castro R, Cevallos MA, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J, Cruz-Córdova A. Whole-Genome Sequences of Five Acinetobacter baumannii Strains From a Child With Leukemia M2. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:132. [PMID: 30787915 PMCID: PMC6372515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen and is one of the primary etiological agents of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). A. baumannii infections are difficult to treat due to the intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance of strains of this bacterium, which frequently limits therapeutic options. In this study, five A. baumannii strains (810CP, 433H, 434H, 483H, and A-2), all of which were isolated from a child with leukemia M2, were characterized through antibiotic susceptibility profiling, the detection of genes encoding carbapenem hydrolyzing oxacillinases, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), adherence and invasion assays toward the A549 cell line, and the whole-genome sequence (WGS). The five strains showed Multidrug resistant (MDR) profiles and amplification of the blaOXA-23 gene, belonging to ST758 and grouped into two PFGE clusters. WGS of 810CP revealed the presence of a circular chromosome and two small plasmids, pAba810CPa and pAba810CPb. Both plasmids carried genes encoding the Sp1TA system, although resistance genes were not identified. A gene-by-gene comparison analysis was performed among the A. baumannii strains isolated in this study and others A. baumannii ST758 strains (HIMFG and INCan), showing that 86% of genes were present in all analyzed strains. Interestingly, the 433H, 434H, and 483H strains varied by 8–10 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), while the A2 and 810CP strains varied by 46 SNVs. Subsequently, an analysis using BacWGSTdb showed that all of our strains had the same resistance genes and were ST758. However, some variations were observed in relation to virulence genes, mainly in the 810CP strain. The genes involved in the synthesis of hepta-acylated lipooligosaccharides, the pgaABCD locus encoding poly-β-1-6-N-acetylglucosamine, the ompA gene, Csu pili, bap, the two-component system bfms/bfmR, a member of the phospholipase D family, and two iron-uptake systems were identified in our A. baumannii strains genome. The five A. baumannii strains isolated from the child were genetically different and showed important characteristics that promote survival in a hospital environment. The elucidation of their genomic sequences provides important information for understanding their epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, and putative virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetsi Mancilla-Rojano
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Semiramis Castro-Jaimes
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Bobadilla Del Valle
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor M Luna-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Almudena Laris-González
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Laboratorio Central, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Amigo H, Ale D, Varela N, Peruga A, Bustos P. [Pattern of smoking and socioeconomic status in two cohorts of young adults]. Rev Med Chil 2018; 146:168-174. [PMID: 29999152 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872018000200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One in five deaths that occur in Chile can be attributed to smoking whose prevalence remains high, despite interventions aimed at reducing it. AIM To compare the prevalence of smoking and its intensity among young adults born 15 years apart and determine their association with socioeconomic status (SES). MATERIAL AND METHODS Two cohorts of young adults living in the Valparaiso Region of Chile were evaluated in the third decade of life. Cohort 1 was evaluated between 2000 and 2002 (n = 1232) and cohort 2 between 2014 and 2017 (n = 1078). RESULTS In cohort 1, 57.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 54.6-58.7) of the subjects reported smoking, with a median of 3 (Interquartile range (ICR:1-6) cigarettes/day. This percentage fell to 40.2% (CI: 37.5-43.1) with a similar median in cohort 2. Analyzing cohort 2, the odds ratio (OR) for smoking was 2.24 (CI 1.48-3.38) in the medium SES, compared with the medium high SES. The figures for low medium and low SES were 2.72 (CI: 1.85-3.99) and 3.01 (1.85-4.88). Similarly, in this cohort there was a significantly higher risk of being a heavy smoker in lower SES. No associations between smoking or its intensity and SES were observed in cohort 1. CONCLUSIONS Smoking behavior has decreased among young adults evaluated at the same age in two generational cohorts in the third decade of life. In the most recent cohort analyzed, smoking and its intensity increase along with a decrease in SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Amigo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danissa Ale
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicol Varela
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Armando Peruga
- Programa para el Control de Tabaquismo, Organización Mundial de la Salud, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Díaz Sanhueza C, Pardo Vargas R, Bustos P. Manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas a espina bífida en adultos. Semergen 2018; 44:276-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mancilla M, Saavedra J, Grandón M, Tapia E, Navas E, Grothusen H, Bustos P. The mutagenesis of a type IV secretion system locus of Piscirickettsia salmonis leads to the attenuation of the pathogen in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:625-634. [PMID: 29251345 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Piscirickettsiosis is a threatening infectious disease for the salmon industry, due to it being responsible for significant economic losses. The control of outbreaks also poses considerable environmental challenges. Despite Piscirickettsia salmonis having been discovered as the aetiological agent of the disease more than 25 years ago, its pathogenicity remains poorly understood. Among virulence factors identified so far, type four secretion systems (T4SS) seem to play a key role during the infection caused by the bacterium. We report here the genetic manipulation of P. salmonis by means of the transference of plasmid DNA in mating assays. An insertion cassette was engineered for targeting the icmB gene, which encodes a putative T4SS-ATPase and is carried by one of the chromosomal T4SS clusters found within the genome of P. salmonis PM15972A1, a virulent representative of the EM-90-like strain. The molecular characterization of the resulting mutant strain demonstrated that the insertion interrupted the target gene. Further in vitro testing of the icmB mutant showed a dramatic drop in infectivity as tested in CHSE-214 cells, which is in agreement with its attenuated behaviour observed in vivo. Altogether, our results demonstrate that, similar to other facultative intracellular pathogens, P. salmonis' virulence relies on an intact T4SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - J Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Grandón
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - E Tapia
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - E Navas
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - H Grothusen
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Bustos
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
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Cabieses B, Chepo M, Oyarte M, Markkula N, Bustos P, Pedrero V, Delgado I. [Health inequality gap in inmigrant versus local children in Chile]. Rev Chil Pediatr 2018; 88:707-716. [PMID: 29546918 DOI: 10.4067/s0370-41062017000600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children and young international migrants face different health challenges compa red with the local population, particularly if they live in insecure environments or adverse social conditions. This study seeks to identify gaps in health outcomes of children between immigrant and local population in Chile. METHODS This study analyses data from three sources: (i) Born in Chile: Electronic records of antenatal visits from all municipal antenatal clinics of Recoleta in 2012; (ii) Growing up in Chile: Population survey "National Socioeconomic Characterization" (CASEN) from 2013 and (iii) Getting sick in Chile: Data of all hospital discharges in 2012, provided by the department of statistics and health information (DEIS) of the Ministry of Health. RESULTS (I) Born in Chile: Im migrants more frequently have psychosocial risk (62.3% vs 50.1% in Chileans) and enter later into the program (63.1% vs 33.4% enter later than 14 weeks of pregnancy). All birth outcomes were better among immigrants (e.g. caesarean sections rates: 24.2% immigrants vs % Chileans). (ii) Growing up in Chile: A higher proportion of migrant children is outside the school system and lives in multidi mensional poverty (40% immigrants vs 23.2% Chileans). (iii) Getting sick in Chile: Injuries and other external causes were more frequent cause of hospitalisation among migrants (23.6%) than the local population (16.7%) aged between 7 and 14 years. CONCLUSIONS Addressing the needs of the children in Chile, regardless of their immigration status, is an ethical, legal and moral imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patricia Bustos
- Dirección de Salud Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente, Chile
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Lopez-Silva P, Bustos P. ¿Cuál es la relación entre Funciones Ejecutivas y Mentalización? Univ Psychol 2017. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-4.crmd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Este trabajo clarifica la forma en que debiésemos entender la relación entre funciones ejecutivas y la habilidad de mentalización. Las funciones ejecutivas son definidas como un grupo de habilidades que permiten la generación de respuestas adaptativas a las exigencias medioambientales. Por otro lado, la capacidad de mentalización refiere a la forma en que los humanos son capaces de discernir los estados mentales, intenciones y creencias de otros a través de la conducta observada. Tras revisar algunos de los aspectos más fundamentales de los conceptos en cuestión, se propone que la mentalización fundamenta, organiza y potencia el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas, esto, en oposición a la tesis dominante de Carlson et al. (2002), que indica que las funciones ejecutivas son las que fundamentan el desarrollo de la habilidad de mentalización. Luego de revisar la actual evidencia empírica que apoyaría nuestra alternativa, la última sección explora algunas de las áreas que nuestra propuesta podría informar en términos conceptuales y empíricos.
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Lara M, Bustos P, Amigo H. Change in postmenarche anthropometric indicators in indigenous and nonindigenous adolescents from Chile. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28379637 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the change in anthropometric indicators between menarche and 36 months after menarche among indigenous and non-indigenous adolescents from the Araucanía Region of Chile. METHOD This was a concurrent cohort study. Of 8,504 girls interviewed, 114 indigenous adolescents and 123 nonindigenous adolescents who had recently experienced menarche were selected. Body mass index (BMI), BMI by age (BMI z-score), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%) were evaluated at menarche and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months postmenarche. Linear models estimated with generalized estimating equations were used to quantify disparities adjusted for baseline anthropometric values, age at menarche, place of residence, and socioeconomic level. RESULTS Indigenous girls presented menarche 4 months later than nonindigenous girls and had significantly higher BMI (1.5 kg/m2 ), BMI z-score (0.4), WC (2.9 cm), and BF% (1.7%) at menarche. Adjusted results did not show an association between being indigenous and post-menarche anthropometric variables: BMI = 0.1 kg/m2 (CI = -0.3; 0.5), BMI z-score = 0 (CI = -0.1; 0.1), WC = 0.7 cm (CI = -0.6; 2.0), and BF% = 0.5% (CI = -0.2; 1.3). It is important to mention that the mean BMI z-score of both groups were in the overweight category. CONCLUSION At menarche, indigenous girls had higher values than nonindigenous girls for all anthropometric variables, and this trend remained after menarche, with no further change in ethnic disparity over the subsequent three years. This reinforces the need to implement interventions to prevent or control excess weight prior to menarche, with emphasis on indigenous girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Lara
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Hugo Amigo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
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Bustos P, Amigo H, Bangdiwala SI, Pizarro T, Rona RJ. Does the association between birth weight and blood pressure increase with age? A longitudinal study in young adults. J Hypertens 2017; 34:1062-7. [PMID: 27077730 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether the association between birth weight and blood pressure (BP) increases with age using three different statistical methods. METHODS A representative sample of 1232 study participants born between 1974-1978 in Limache, Chile were assessed in 2000-2002, of whom 796 were reassessed in 2010-2012. An 'amplification effect' was assessed by the change in the β coefficient in the two periods, the association between birth weight and the difference of BP overtime, and the interaction between birth weight and BP in the two periods. RESULTS Birth weight was negatively associated with SBP in 2000-2002 (β = -2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.77 to -1.16) and in 2010-2012 (β = -3.64, 95% CI -5.20 to -2.08), and with DBP in 2000-2002 (β = -1.26, 95% CI -2.23 to -0.29) , and 2010-2012 (β = -1.64, 95% CI -2.84 to -0.45) after adjustment for sex, physical activity, and BMI. There was no association between birth weight and the difference in BP between the two periods or the interaction between birth weight, BP, and time interval. CONCLUSION Birth weight is a factor associated with BP in adults. This association increased with age, but amplification was shown only with one of the three methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bustos
- aDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile bDepartment of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA cMinistry of Health of Chile, Santiago, Chile dDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Saavedra J, Hernandez N, Osses A, Castillo A, Cancino A, Grothusen H, Navas E, Henriquez P, Bohle H, Bustamante F, Bustos P, Mancilla M. Prevalence, geographic distribution and phenotypic differences of Piscirickettsia salmonis EM-90-like isolates. J Fish Dis 2017. [PMID: 28075013 DOI: 10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Early reports accounted for two main genotypes of Piscirickettsia salmonis, a fish pathogen and causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, placing the single isolate EM-90 apart from the prototypic LF-89 and related isolates. In this study, we provide evidence that, contrary to what has been supposed, the EM-90-like isolates are highly prevalent and disseminated across Chilean marine farms. Molecular analysis of 507 P. salmonis field isolates derived from main rearing areas, diverse hosts and collected over 6 years, revealed that nearly 50% of the entire collection were indeed typed as EM-90-like. Interestingly, these isolates showed a marked host preference, being recovered exclusively from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) samples. Although both strains produce undistinguishable pathological outcomes, differences regarding growth kinetics and susceptibility to the antibiotics and bactericidal action of serum could be identified. In sum, our results allow to conclude that the EM-90-like isolates represent an epidemiologically relevant group in the current situation of piscirickettsiosis. Based on the consistency between genotype and phenotype exhibited by this strain, we point out the need for genotypic studies that may be as important for the Chilean salmon industry as the continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - N Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Osses
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Castillo
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Cancino
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - H Grothusen
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - E Navas
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Henriquez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - H Bohle
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - F Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Bustos
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
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Saavedra J, Hernandez N, Osses A, Castillo A, Cancino A, Grothusen H, Navas E, Henriquez P, Bohle H, Bustamante F, Bustos P, Mancilla M. Prevalence, geographic distribution and phenotypic differences of Piscirickettsia salmonis EM-90-like isolates. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1055-1063. [PMID: 28075013 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Early reports accounted for two main genotypes of Piscirickettsia salmonis, a fish pathogen and causative agent of piscirickettsiosis, placing the single isolate EM-90 apart from the prototypic LF-89 and related isolates. In this study, we provide evidence that, contrary to what has been supposed, the EM-90-like isolates are highly prevalent and disseminated across Chilean marine farms. Molecular analysis of 507 P. salmonis field isolates derived from main rearing areas, diverse hosts and collected over 6 years, revealed that nearly 50% of the entire collection were indeed typed as EM-90-like. Interestingly, these isolates showed a marked host preference, being recovered exclusively from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) samples. Although both strains produce undistinguishable pathological outcomes, differences regarding growth kinetics and susceptibility to the antibiotics and bactericidal action of serum could be identified. In sum, our results allow to conclude that the EM-90-like isolates represent an epidemiologically relevant group in the current situation of piscirickettsiosis. Based on the consistency between genotype and phenotype exhibited by this strain, we point out the need for genotypic studies that may be as important for the Chilean salmon industry as the continuous surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - N Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Osses
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Castillo
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - A Cancino
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - H Grothusen
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - E Navas
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Henriquez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - H Bohle
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - F Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Bustos
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
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Sigala JC, Suárez BP, Lara AR, Borgne SL, Bustos P, Santamaría RI, González V, Martinez A. Genomic and physiological characterization of a laboratory-isolated Acinetobacter schindleri ACE strain that quickly and efficiently catabolizes acetate. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:1052-1064. [PMID: 28671531 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An Acinetobacter strain, designated ACE, was isolated in the laboratory. Phylogenetic tests and average nucleotide identity value comparisons suggested that ACE belongs to the species Acinetobacterschindleri. We report for the first time the complete genome sequence of an A. schindleri strain, which consists of a single circular chromosome of 3 001 209 bp with an overall DNA G+C content of 42.9 mol% and six plasmids that account for 266 844 bp of extrachromosomal material. The presence or absence of genes related to carbon catabolism and antibiotic resistance were in agreement with the phenotypic characterization of ACE. This strain grew faster and with a higher biomass yield on acetate than the reference strain Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. However, ACE did not use aromatic compounds and was unable to grow on common carbon sources, such as glucose, xylose, glycerol or citrate. The gluconeogenic and the catechol pathways are complete in ACE, but compounds that are converted to protocatechuate did not sustain growth since some genes of this pathway are missing. Likewise, this strain could not grow on glucose because it lacks the genes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Minimal inhibitory concentration data showed that ACE was susceptible to most of the antimicrobial agents recommended for the clinical treatment of Acinetobacter spp. Some genes related to a possible human-microbe interaction were found in the ACE genome. ACE is likely to have a low pathogenic risk, as is the case with other A. schindleri strains. These results provide a valuable reference for broadening the knowledge of the biology of Acinetobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Sigala
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Brisa Paola Suárez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alvaro R Lara
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Sylvie Le Borgne
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe Cuajimalpa, Delegación Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05348, México
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Rosa Isela Santamaría
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Víctor González
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Alfredo Martinez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62250, México
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Caini S, Alonso WJ, Balmaseda A, Bruno A, Bustos P, Castillo L, de Lozano C, de Mora D, Fasce RA, Ferreira de Almeida WA, Kusznierz GF, Lara J, Matute ML, Moreno B, Pessanha Henriques CM, Rudi JM, El-Guerche Séblain C, Schellevis F, Paget J. Characteristics of seasonal influenza A and B in Latin America: Influenza surveillance data from ten countries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174592. [PMID: 28346498 PMCID: PMC5367818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The increased availability of influenza surveillance data in recent years justifies an actual and more complete overview of influenza epidemiology in Latin America. We compared the influenza surveillance systems and assessed the epidemiology of influenza A and B, including the spatio-temporal patterns of influenza epidemics, in ten countries and sub-national regions in Latin America. Methods We aggregated the data by year and country and characteristics of eighty-two years were analysed. We calculated the median proportion of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases caused by each virus strain, and compared the timing and amplitude of the primary and secondary peaks between countries. Results 37,087 influenza cases were reported during 2004–2012. Influenza A and B accounted for a median of 79% and, respectively, 21% of cases in a year. The percentage of influenza A cases that were subtyped was 82.5%; for influenza B, 15.6% of cases were characterized. Influenza A and B were dominant in seventy-five (91%) and seven (9%) years, respectively. In half (51%) of the influenza A years, influenza A(H3N2) was dominant, followed by influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 (41%) and pre-pandemic A(H1N1) (8%). The primary peak of influenza activity was in June-September in temperate climate countries, with little or no secondary peak. Tropical climate countries had smaller primary peaks taking place in different months and frequently detectable secondary peaks. Conclusions We found that good influenza surveillance data exists in Latin America, although improvements can still be made (e.g. a better characterization of influenza B specimens); that influenza B plays a considerable role in the seasonal influenza burden; and that there is substantial heterogeneity of spatio-temporal patterns of influenza epidemics. To improve the effectiveness of influenza control measures in Latin America, tropical climate countries may need to develop innovative prevention strategies specifically tailored to the spatio-temporal patterns of influenza in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Wladimir J. Alonso
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Alfredo Bruno
- Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI), Centro de Referencia Nacional de Influenza y Otros Virus Respiratorios, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Seccion Virus Respiratorios, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leticia Castillo
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Celina de Lozano
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Doménica de Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI), Centro de Referencia Nacional de Influenza y Otros Virus Respiratorios, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo A. Fasce
- Seccion Virus Respiratorios, Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Gabriela F. Kusznierz
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Dr. Emilio Coni”, ANLIS “C.Malbràn”, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jenny Lara
- National Influenza Center, Ministry of Health, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Brechla Moreno
- National Influenza Center, IC Gorgas, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Juan Manuel Rudi
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Dr. Emilio Coni”, ANLIS “C.Malbràn”, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - François Schellevis
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, EMGO Institute for Health Care Research VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Paget
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bustos P, Rosas B, Román P, Villagrán J, Amigo H. [Association of C reactive protein levels with metabolic syndrome in adults: a population-based study]. Rev Med Chil 2017; 144:1239-1246. [PMID: 28074977 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872016001000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent among adults in Chile and represents a health risk. AIM To determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, with C reactive protein levels (CRP) as an inflammation marker. MATERIAL AND METHODS The population studied consisted of 736 individuals born in a hospital from Valparaíso Region, aged between 32-38 years at the time of the study. MetS was identified according to the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines and inflammation was measured using ultra-sensitive CRP. This parameter was classified as normal for values from 0 to 3 mg/L, high for values from 3.01 to 10 mg/L and very high for values > 10 mg/L. RESULTS Median CRP was in the normal range (1.9 mg/L, interquartile range 0.7-5.2) and was higher among women than men (2.2 and 1.4 mg/L respectively, p < 0.01). Twenty seven percent of participants had MetS. One-fourth had high blood glucose values, one-third had high triglyceride levels and 28% had blood pressure values over those established as normal in MetS. Elevated waist circumference (WC) and low HDL cholesterol were found among almost 50% of participants. A relationship between MetS and high CRP was only found among men with an Odds ratio (OR) of 2.04 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.11-3.73). The same association was observed for high triglyceride levels with an OR of 2.02 (CI: 1.17-3.49) and high WC with an OR of 3.89 (CI: 2.06-7.36). Among women, the only relationship observed was between abdominal obesity and very high CRP with an OR of 2. 65 (CI: 1.20-5.84). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome, high triglyceride levels, and abdominal obesity were associated with inflammation only in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bustos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Bernardita Rosas
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Pablo Román
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Juan Villagrán
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Hugo Amigo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
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Garcia-Larsen V, Potts JF, Del Giacco S, Bustos P, Diaz PV, Amigo H, Oyarzun M, Rona RJ. Changes in symptoms of asthma and rhinitis by sensitization status over ten years in a cohort of young Chilean adults. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:116. [PMID: 27503476 PMCID: PMC4977698 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the net changes in prevalence of symptoms of asthma and rhinitis over 10 years in a cohort of young by baseline sensitization status. Methods One thousand one hundred ninety three Chilean adults subjects aged 22–28 living in a semi-rural area of central Chile answered a lifestyle and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaires. Bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) and skin prick test (SPT) to eight allergens were measured at baseline in 2001. Ten years later, 772 participants completed the questionnaires again. Estimates of adjusted net changes in prevalence of symptoms by sensitization status at baseline and association between sensitization status at baseline and respiratory symptoms ten years later were assessed. Results A quarter of the participants were sensitized to at least one allergen in 2001. Prevalence of wheeze had a net change per year of −0.37 % (95 % Confidence Interval −0.71 to 0.02 %; p = 0.067). Self-reported nasal allergies in the last 12 months increased by 0.83 % per year (95 % CI 0.49 to 1.17 %; p < 0.001). Those sensitized to either cat fur (OR 1.76; CI 1.01 to 3.05), cockroach, (OR 2.09; 1.13 to 3.86) blend of grass and pollens (1.78; 95 % CI 1.08 to 2.92), or weeds (OR 1.77; 95 % CI 1.01 to 3.12) in 2001 were more likely to have wheeze in the last 12 months 10 years later. Conclusion Symptoms of asthma remained stable or slightly changed over 10 years in adults, whilst rhinitis and nasal allergies greatly increased. Being sensitized to at least one allergen is a risk factor for persistent symptoms of asthma and rhinitis, but not for determining net changes of symptoms over time. The underlying causes for the contrasting trends between asthma and nasal allergy are unknown. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0273-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine, and Public Health Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK.
| | - James F Potts
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine, and Public Health Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LR, UK
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences "M Aresu", University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico "E1" - Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari, 09042, Italy
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Diaz
- Institute of Bio-Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Amigo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Oyarzun
- Institute of Bio-Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto J Rona
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Weston Education Centre, King's College London, Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
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Anderson I, Robson B, Connolly M, Al-Yaman F, Bjertness E, King A, Tynan M, Madden R, Bang A, Coimbra CEA, Pesantes MA, Amigo H, Andronov S, Armien B, Obando DA, Axelsson P, Bhatti ZS, Bhutta ZA, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness MB, Briceno-Leon R, Broderstad AR, Bustos P, Chongsuvivatwong V, Chu J, Gouda J, Harikumar R, Htay TT, Htet AS, Izugbara C, Kamaka M, King M, Kodavanti MR, Lara M, Laxmaiah A, Lema C, Taborda AML, Liabsuetrakul T, Lobanov A, Melhus M, Meshram I, Miranda JJ, Mu TT, Nagalla B, Nimmathota A, Popov AI, Poveda AMP, Ram F, Reich H, Santos RV, Sein AA, Shekhar C, Sherpa LY, Skold P, Tano S, Tanywe A, Ugwu C, Ugwu F, Vapattanawong P, Wan X, Welch JR, Yang G, Yang Z, Yap L. Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study. Lancet 2016; 388:131-157. [PMID: 27108232 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International studies of the health of Indigenous and tribal peoples provide important public health insights. Reliable data are required for the development of policy and health services. Previous studies document poorer outcomes for Indigenous peoples compared with benchmark populations, but have been restricted in their coverage of countries or the range of health indicators. Our objective is to describe the health and social status of Indigenous and tribal peoples relative to benchmark populations from a sample of countries. METHODS Collaborators with expertise in Indigenous health data systems were identified for each country. Data were obtained for population, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, low and high birthweight, maternal mortality, nutritional status, educational attainment, and economic status. Data sources consisted of governmental data, data from non-governmental organisations such as UNICEF, and other research. Absolute and relative differences were calculated. FINDINGS Our data (23 countries, 28 populations) provide evidence of poorer health and social outcomes for Indigenous peoples than for non-Indigenous populations. However, this is not uniformly the case, and the size of the rate difference varies. We document poorer outcomes for Indigenous populations for: life expectancy at birth for 16 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1 year in 15 populations; infant mortality rate for 18 of 19 populations with a rate difference greater than one per 1000 livebirths in 16 populations; maternal mortality in ten populations; low birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in three populations; high birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in one population; child malnutrition for ten of 16 populations with a difference greater than 10% in five populations; child obesity for eight of 12 populations with a difference greater than 5% in four populations; adult obesity for seven of 13 populations with a difference greater than 10% in four populations; educational attainment for 26 of 27 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 24 populations; and economic status for 15 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 14 populations. INTERPRETATION We systematically collated data across a broader sample of countries and indicators than done in previous studies. Taking into account the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we recommend that national governments develop targeted policy responses to Indigenous health, improving access to health services, and Indigenous data within national surveillance systems. FUNDING The Lowitja Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Anderson
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Bridget Robson
- Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Fadwa Al-Yaman
- Indigenous and Children's Group, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, Australia
| | - Espen Bjertness
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Abhay Bang
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Carlos E A Coimbra
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Amalia Pesantes
- Salud Sin Límites Perú, Lima, Peru; Center for Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Blas Armien
- The Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Universidad Interamericana de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Per Axelsson
- Centre for Sami Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zaid Shakoor Bhatti
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; SickKids Center for Global Child Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius B Bjertness
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Briceno-Leon
- LACSO, Social Science Laboratory, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ann Ragnhild Broderstad
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Faculty of Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Jiayou Chu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jitendra Gouda
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachakulla Harikumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Aung Soe Htet
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Chimaraoke Izugbara
- Population Dynamics and Reproductive Health Program, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martina Kamaka
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Malcolm King
- CIHR-Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Avula Laxmaiah
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Andrey Lobanov
- Scientific Research Centre of the Arctic, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Marita Melhus
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Faculty of Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Indrapal Meshram
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- Center for Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Balkrishna Nagalla
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arlappa Nimmathota
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Faujdar Ram
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Hannah Reich
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricardo V Santos
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Chander Shekhar
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Lhamo Y Sherpa
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Skold
- Arctic Research Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Tano
- School of Business and Economy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Asahngwa Tanywe
- Cameroon Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Chidi Ugwu
- Department of Sociology/Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Fabian Ugwu
- Department of Psychology, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Patama Vapattanawong
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Xia Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine at Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James R Welch
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonghuan Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine at Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Leslie Yap
- Native Hawaiian Center of Excellence, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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40
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Anderson I, Robson B, Connolly M, Al-Yaman F, Bjertness E, King A, Tynan M, Madden R, Bang A, Coimbra CEA, Pesantes MA, Amigo H, Andronov S, Armien B, Obando DA, Axelsson P, Bhatti ZS, Bhutta ZA, Bjerregaard P, Bjertness MB, Briceno-Leon R, Broderstad AR, Bustos P, Chongsuvivatwong V, Chu J, Gouda J, Harikumar R, Htay TT, Htet AS, Izugbara C, Kamaka M, King M, Kodavanti MR, Lara M, Laxmaiah A, Lema C, Taborda AML, Liabsuetrakul T, Lobanov A, Melhus M, Meshram I, Miranda JJ, Mu TT, Nagalla B, Nimmathota A, Popov AI, Poveda AMP, Ram F, Reich H, Santos RV, Sein AA, Shekhar C, Sherpa LY, Skold P, Tano S, Tanywe A, Ugwu C, Ugwu F, Vapattanawong P, Wan X, Welch JR, Yang G, Yang Z, Yap L. Indigenous and tribal peoples' health (The Lancet-Lowitja Institute Global Collaboration): a population study. Lancet 2016; 388:131-57. [PMID: 27108232 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International studies of the health of Indigenous and tribal peoples provide important public health insights. Reliable data are required for the development of policy and health services. Previous studies document poorer outcomes for Indigenous peoples compared with benchmark populations, but have been restricted in their coverage of countries or the range of health indicators. Our objective is to describe the health and social status of Indigenous and tribal peoples relative to benchmark populations from a sample of countries. METHODS Collaborators with expertise in Indigenous health data systems were identified for each country. Data were obtained for population, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, low and high birthweight, maternal mortality, nutritional status, educational attainment, and economic status. Data sources consisted of governmental data, data from non-governmental organisations such as UNICEF, and other research. Absolute and relative differences were calculated. FINDINGS Our data (23 countries, 28 populations) provide evidence of poorer health and social outcomes for Indigenous peoples than for non-Indigenous populations. However, this is not uniformly the case, and the size of the rate difference varies. We document poorer outcomes for Indigenous populations for: life expectancy at birth for 16 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1 year in 15 populations; infant mortality rate for 18 of 19 populations with a rate difference greater than one per 1000 livebirths in 16 populations; maternal mortality in ten populations; low birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in three populations; high birthweight with the rate difference greater than 2% in one population; child malnutrition for ten of 16 populations with a difference greater than 10% in five populations; child obesity for eight of 12 populations with a difference greater than 5% in four populations; adult obesity for seven of 13 populations with a difference greater than 10% in four populations; educational attainment for 26 of 27 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 24 populations; and economic status for 15 of 18 populations with a difference greater than 1% in 14 populations. INTERPRETATION We systematically collated data across a broader sample of countries and indicators than done in previous studies. Taking into account the UN Sustainable Development Goals, we recommend that national governments develop targeted policy responses to Indigenous health, improving access to health services, and Indigenous data within national surveillance systems. FUNDING The Lowitja Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Anderson
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Bridget Robson
- Te Rōpū Rangahau Hauora a Eru Pōmare, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Fadwa Al-Yaman
- Indigenous and Children's Group, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, Australia
| | - Espen Bjertness
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Abhay Bang
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Carlos E A Coimbra
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Amalia Pesantes
- Salud Sin Límites Perú, Lima, Peru; Center for Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Blas Armien
- The Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Universidad Interamericana de Panamá, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Per Axelsson
- Centre for Sami Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zaid Shakoor Bhatti
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; SickKids Center for Global Child Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius B Bjertness
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roberto Briceno-Leon
- LACSO, Social Science Laboratory, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ann Ragnhild Broderstad
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Faculty of Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Jiayou Chu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jitendra Gouda
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachakulla Harikumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Aung Soe Htet
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway; Ministry of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Chimaraoke Izugbara
- Population Dynamics and Reproductive Health Program, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martina Kamaka
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Malcolm King
- CIHR-Institute of Aboriginal Peoples' Health, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Avula Laxmaiah
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Andrey Lobanov
- Scientific Research Centre of the Arctic, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Marita Melhus
- Centre for Sami Health Research, Faculty of Health, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Indrapal Meshram
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- Center for Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Balkrishna Nagalla
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arlappa Nimmathota
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Faujdar Ram
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Hannah Reich
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricardo V Santos
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Chander Shekhar
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Deemed University, Mumbai, India
| | - Lhamo Y Sherpa
- University of Oslo, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Community Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Skold
- Arctic Research Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Tano
- School of Business and Economy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Asahngwa Tanywe
- Cameroon Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Chidi Ugwu
- Department of Sociology/Anthropology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Fabian Ugwu
- Department of Psychology, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
| | - Patama Vapattanawong
- Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University Salaya, Phuttamonton, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Xia Wan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine at Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James R Welch
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gonghuan Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine at Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Leslie Yap
- Native Hawaiian Center of Excellence, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Henríquez P, Kaiser M, Bohle H, Bustos P, Mancilla M. Comprehensive antibiotic susceptibility profiling of Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis field isolates. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:441-8. [PMID: 26660665 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been extensively used against infections produced by Piscirickettsia salmonis, a fish pathogen and causative agent of piscirickettsiosis and one of the major concerns for the Chilean salmon industry. Therefore, the emergence of resistant phenotypes is to be expected. With the aim of obtaining a landscape of the antimicrobial resistance of P. salmonis in Chile, the susceptibility profiles for quinolones, florfenicol and oxytetracycline (OTC) of 292 field isolates derived from main rearing areas, different hosts and collected over 5 years were assessed. The results allowed for the determination of epidemiological cut-off values that were used to characterize the pathogen population. This work represents the first large-scale field study addressing the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. salmonis, providing evidence of the existence of resistant types with a high incidence of resistance to quinolones. Remarkably, despite the amounts and frequency of therapies, our results disclosed that the issue of resistance to florfenicol and OTC is still in the onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Henríquez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Kaiser
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Bohle
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - P Bustos
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - M Mancilla
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
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42
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Henríquez P, Bohle H, Bustamante F, Bustos P, Mancilla M. Polymorphism in gyrA is associated to quinolones resistance in Chilean Piscirickettsia salmonis field isolates. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:415-8. [PMID: 24917068 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Henríquez
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Biotecnología, ADL Diagnostic Chile Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
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43
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Araneda J, Bustos P, Cerecera F, Amigo H. Ingesta de bebidas azucaradas analcohólicas e índice de masa corporal en escolares chilenos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.21149/spm.v57i2.7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo. Estimar la asociación entre la ingesta de bebidas azucaradas analcohólicas y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en escolares chilenos. Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos en escolares de entre 6 y 18 años de edad. Se estimó la asociación entre el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y el IMC a través de modelos de regresión lineal multivariada. Resultados. El 92% (IC95%:90-94) consume bebidas azucaradas diariamente, con medianas de ingesta de 424 ml (p25-p75:212-707). En los escolares de 6 a 13 años, cada incremento de una porción diaria de gaseosas y refrescos con azúcar se asocia con 0.13 puntajes z más de IMC (IC95%:0.04-0.2;p=0.01). Conclusiones. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas en escolares chilenos es diario y alcanza medianas de ingesta cercanas a medio litro. Existe asociación entre el consumo de bebidas azucaradas y mayor IMC.
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Araneda J, Bustos P, Cerecera F, Amigo H. [Intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages and body mass index: A national sample of Chilean school children]. Salud Publica Mex 2015; 57:128-134. [PMID: 26235773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between the intake of sugar-sweetened non-alcoholic beverages and body mass index (BMI) in Chilean school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Food consumption frequency data were analyzed for school children aged 6 to 18. The association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI was estimated by multivariate lineal regression models. RESULTS Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed on a daily basis by 92% (95%CI:90-94) of subjects with daily intake medians of 424 mL (p25-p75:212-707). Every extra daily portion of sugar-sweetened beverages consumed by school children aged 6 to 13 is associated with 0.13 BMI z-scores (95%CI:0.04-0.2;p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS School children consume sugar-sweetened beverages daily with intake medians close to 0.5L. There is an association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher BMI in Chilean school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Araneda
- Departamento de Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de los Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Francisco Cerecera
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Hugo Amigo
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Pienovi L, Lara M, Bustos P, Amigo H. [Fruit and vegetable intake, and blood pressure. A population research]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2015; 65:21-26. [PMID: 26320302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Consuming fruits and vegetables is known to lower blood pressure. However, it is unclear how much should be consumed in order to achieve this effect. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 777 adults between the ages of 32 and 38 from the Region of Valparaiso, Chile. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured, and a survey was carried out to quantify consumption trends over the past month. The fruit and vegetable intake was divided into three groups: less than 200 g, 200-400 g, and more than 400 g. In the analysis, multiple linear regression models were used and were adjusted for sex, BMI, physical activity, socioeconomic status, smoking, and sodium intake. It was observed that increasing intake of fruits and vegetables lowers the systolic blood pressure (β = -3.37 , 95% CI : -6.45 to -0.29; for consumption between 200 and 400 g ) (β = -4.02, 95% CI: -7.06 to -0.98; for consumption great than 400 g), while an effect on diastolic pressure is only seen in those who meet the WHO recommendation of consuming more than 400 g per day (β -2.87, CI = -5.17 to -0.57). In conclusion, consuming fruits and vegetables in amounts larger than 400 g per day, provides a protective effect against increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
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Amigo H, Lara M, Bustos P, Muñoz S. Postmenarche growth: cohort study among indigenous and non-indigenous Chilean adolescents. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:51. [PMID: 25636484 PMCID: PMC4323033 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chile, indigenous and non-indigenous schoolchildren have the same stature when they begin school but indigenous adults are shorter, indicating the importance of analyzing growth during puberty. The aim of this study was to compare the growth of indigenous and non-indigenous girls during the 36 months after menarche in Chile's Araucanía Region. METHODS A concurrent cohort study was conducted to compare growth in the two ethnic groups, which were comprised of 114 indigenous and 126 non-indigenous girls who recently experienced menarche and were randomly selected. Height was measured at menarche and at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months post-menarche. General linear models were used to analyze growth and a generalized estimating equation model was used to compare height at 36 months post-menarche. RESULTS At menarche, the Z-score of height/age was less for indigenous than non-indigenous girls (-0.01 vs. -0.61, p < 0.001). Indigenous girls grew at a slower rate than non-indigenous girls (6.5 vs. 7.2 cm, p = 0.02), and height at 36-months post-menarche reached -0.82 vs. -0.35 cm (p <0.001). In an adjusted model at 36 months post-menarche, indigenous girls were 1.6 cm shorter than non-indigenous girls (95% confidence interval: -3.13 to -0.04). CONCLUSIONS The height of indigenous girls at menarche was lower than that of non-indigenous girls and they subsequently grew less, maintaining the gap between the two groups. At the end of the follow-up period, the indigenous girls were shorter than their non-indigenous peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Amigo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Macarena Lara
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Department of Public Health, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Garcia-Larsen V, Bustos P, Amigo H, Potts J, Rona RJ. Ventilatory function and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a cross-sectional study in young adults. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:206. [PMID: 25524286 PMCID: PMC4320557 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between impaired lung function and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors has been shown in adults. However, there is little evidence of such an association in young adults, particularly from South America, where the burden of CVD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is as high as that observed in more developed countries. We therefore investigated the relation between CVD risk factors including metabolic syndrome (MS), and lung function status in young adults from Chile. Methods 970 subjects from a sample of 998 adults born between 1974 and 1978 in Limache, Chile, were studied. A Spanish translation of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was used. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), glycaemia, and metabolic syndrome (MS) were also assessed. Results The prevalence of MS was 11.8%. A lower FEV1 and lower FVC were associated with having MS (β-coefficient -0.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] -0.21 to -0.05, and β-coefficient -0.18; 95% CI -0.27 to -0.09, respectively). Both spirometric measures were also negatively associated with having an elevated HOMA-IR (β-coefficient for FEV1 -0.08; 95% CI -0.13 to -0.03, and β-coefficient for FVC -0.11; 95% CI -0.17 to -0.05). In males only, a lower FEV1 and FVC were associated with having elevated triglycerides (β-coefficient highest vs. lowest tertile -0.13, 95% CI -0.24 to -0.03, and β-coefficient -0.13, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.01, respectively). In women, a higher FEV1 and FVC were statistically significantly related to having higher levels of HDL. Ventilatory function was unrelated to hypertension or WC in this population. Conclusion In this population-based study of young adults, a poorer ventilatory function was associated with many CVD risk factors. Endeavours to understand better causality issues of such associations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine, and Public Health Group, National Heart & Lung Institute Imperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LR, UK.
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Fica A, Dabanch J, Andrade W, Bustos P, Carvajal I, Ceroni C, Triantafilo V, Castro M, Fasce R. Clinical relevance of rhinovirus infections among adult hospitalized patients. Braz J Infect Dis 2014; 19:118-24. [PMID: 25523079 PMCID: PMC7185615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) is an emerging viral pathogen. Aim To characterize a group of patients admitted due to infection by this agent in a general hospital in Chile. Methods Cases were identified by RT-PCR for 1 year through active surveillance of patients admitted with severe respiratory illness. Diagnosis was not available during hospitalization. Thirty-two cases were identified, 90% were ≥60 years old or had co-morbid conditions. Human rhinovirus-related admissions represented 23.7% of hospitalization due to severe acute respiratory infections among adults and ranked second to influenza (37.8%). Patients presented with pneumonia (68.8%), decompensated chronic lung conditions (21.9%), heart failure or influenza-like illness (6.3% each). Admission to intensive or intermediate care units was required by 31.2% and in-hospital mortality reached 12.5%. A CURB-65 score ≥3 was significantly associated to in-hospital mortality (p < 0.05). Most patients received antibiotics (90%). Conclusions Human rhinovirus infections in elderly patients with co-morbid conditions are associated with hospitalizations, requiring critical or semi-critical antibiotics use. A high CURB-65 score was associated to in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fica
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Jeannette Dabanch
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winston Andrade
- Sección Virus Respiratorios y Exantemáticos, SubDepartamento de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ita Carvajal
- Departamento Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Ceroni
- Departamento Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vjera Triantafilo
- Departamento Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Castro
- Servicio de Imagenología, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Sección Virus Respiratorios y Exantemáticos, SubDepartamento de Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chile has probably experienced Latin America's fastest nutritional transition, as evidenced by very low rates of stunting, but the country shows a high prevalence of obesity in most population groups. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the existence of a double burden of nutritional problems in Chile on the basis of available data. DESIGN Secondary analyses were conducted on data collected by the Health Ministry (height and weight for children aged <6 y and for adults aged ≥65 y), the Education Ministry (height and weight in the first year of primary school and the first year of high school), the 2003 and 2009-2010 National Health Surveys [body mass index (BMI) and anemia prevalence], the 2010-2011 National Food Consumption Survey (ENCA; food consumption, height, and weight), and a Food Insecurity Survey of elderly adults (aged 65-74 y) in Santiago (height, weight, and food insecurity). RESULTS In 2011 the prevalence of stunting (height-for-age < -2 z scores) was 1.9% for children <6 y old and 3.6% among children in the first year of primary school. This situation was in contrast with a high prevalence of obesity in children (22.1% of children in the first year of primary school; BMI ≥2 z scores) and among adults, especially women, increasing with age (44.8% of women 45-64 y old had a BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)). The prevalence of anemia in women aged 15-64 y was low (5.1%). In the ENCA survey, women showed a high prevalence of below-average intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B-12, vitamin C, calcium, and zinc, irrespective of BMI. Elderly persons who were underweight and those who were obese had a significantly greater perception of food insecurity in relation to those with a normal weight (61%, 50%, and 33%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The data showed high rates of obesity with very low frequency of stunting and, although more information is needed, the double burden of malnutrition probably does not exist in Chile, unlike in other countries in the region. Among specific groups there are low intakes of critical nutrients and food insecurity. Surveys that include anthropometric and biochemical measurements at the family level are needed to correctly evaluate the double burden of malnutrition in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Atalah
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Amigo
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Bustos
- From the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Bustos P, Amigo H, Vásquez A, Vargas C. [Evolution of the metabolic syndrome and its components in a follow up of 10 years in adults from Valparaíso region]. Rev Med Chil 2014; 142:579-86. [PMID: 25427014 DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872014000500005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Its frequency is increasing steadily Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in a 10-year tracking study of young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS Concurrent cohort study of subjects born between 1974 and 1978. They were evaluated between 2000 and 2002 and between 2010 and 2012 to determine the frequency of MS and its components (high blood glucose, waist circumference [WC], triglycerides, blood pressure and low HDL cholesterol), according to ATP III criteria. Attrition was handled using the reciprocal of the probability of remaining in the study. RESULT During the first evaluation, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 9.3%, confidence interval (CI): 7.5-11.1), with no gender differences. Ten years later, the prevalence of MS increased significantly to 27.6% (CI: 24.7-29.9) and was more common in women than men (30.4 and 23.8% respectively, p < 0.014). The components of MS also increased from one period to another: hyperglycemia, from 5.2% (CI: 4-7) to 24.4% (CI: 22-27); high triglyceride levels from 17.6% (CI: 15-20) to 35.3% (CI: 32-38); high blood pressure from 14.7 (CI: 13-18) to 30.2% (IC: 28-33) and high WC: 16.9% (CI: 15-19) to 41.5% (CI: 39-45). In both evaluations, there was a greater frequency of high triglycerides and high blood pressure among men, and greater frequency of low HDL and high WC among women. Hyperglycemia only showed differences by gender in the second measurement, and was greater among men. CONCLUSIONS There was a marked increase in metabolic syndrome and its components in a 10-year interval, which is a warning sign of future cardiovascular risk.
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