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Chandran M, Akesson KE, Javaid MK, Harvey N, Blank RD, Brandi ML, Chevalley T, Cinelli P, Cooper C, Lems W, Lyritis GP, Makras P, Paccou J, Pierroz DD, Sosa M, Thomas T, Silverman S. Impact of osteoporosis and osteoporosis medications on fracture healing: a narrative review. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07059-8. [PMID: 38587674 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Antiresorptive medications do not negatively affect fracture healing in humans. Teriparatide may decrease time to fracture healing. Romosozumab has not shown a beneficial effect on human fracture healing. BACKGROUND Fracture healing is a complex process. Uncertainty exists over the influence of osteoporosis and the medications used to treat it on fracture healing. METHODS Narrative review authored by the members of the Fracture Working Group of the Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), on behalf of the IOF and the Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie (SICOT). RESULTS Fracture healing is a multistep process. Most fractures heal through a combination of intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Radiographic imaging is important for evaluating fracture healing and for detecting delayed or non-union. The presence of callus formation, bridging trabeculae, and a decrease in the size of the fracture line over time are indicative of healing. Imaging must be combined with clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes. Animal data support a negative effect of osteoporosis on fracture healing; however, clinical data do not appear to corroborate with this. Evidence does not support a delay in the initiation of antiresorptive therapy following acute fragility fractures. There is no reason for suspension of osteoporosis medication at the time of fracture if the person is already on treatment. Teriparatide treatment may shorten fracture healing time at certain sites such as distal radius; however, it does not prevent non-union or influence union rate. The positive effect on fracture healing that romosozumab has demonstrated in animals has not been observed in humans. CONCLUSION Overall, there appears to be no deleterious effect of osteoporosis medications on fracture healing. The benefit of treating osteoporosis and the urgent necessity to mitigate imminent refracture risk after a fracture should be given prime consideration. It is imperative that new radiological and biological markers of fracture healing be identified. It is also important to synthesize clinical and basic science methodologies to assess fracture healing, so that a convergence of the two frameworks can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, DUKE NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - K E Akesson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Department of Orthopedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M K Javaid
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - R D Blank
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M L Brandi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, Florence, Italy
| | - T Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Cinelli
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - W Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G P Lyritis
- Hellenic Osteoporosis Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - P Makras
- Department of Medical Research, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - J Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, MABlab ULR 4490, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - D D Pierroz
- International Osteoporosis Foundation, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - M Sosa
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Investigation Group on Osteoporosis and Mineral Metabolism, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - T Thomas
- Department of Rheumatology, North Hospital, CHU Saint-Etienne and INSERM U1059, University of Lyon-University Jean Monnet, Saint‑Etienne, France
| | - S Silverman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Strangis G, Labardi M, Gallone G, Milazzo M, Capaccioli S, Forli F, Cinelli P, Berrettini S, Seggiani M, Danti S, Parchi P. 3D Printed Piezoelectric BaTiO 3/Polyhydroxybutyrate Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:193. [PMID: 38391679 PMCID: PMC10886384 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone defects are a significant health problem worldwide. Novel treatment approaches in the tissue engineering field rely on the use of biomaterial scaffolds to stimulate and guide the regeneration of damaged tissue that cannot repair or regrow spontaneously. This work aimed at developing and characterizing new piezoelectric scaffolds to provide electric bio-signals naturally present in bone and vascular tissues. Mixing and extrusion were used to obtain nanocomposites made of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) as a matrix and barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles as a filler, at BaTiO3/PHB compositions of 5/95, 10/90, 15/85 and 20/80 (w/w%). The morphological, thermal, mechanical and piezoelectric properties of the nanocomposites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed good nanoparticle dispersion within the polymer matrix. Considerable increases in the Young's modulus, compressive strength and the piezoelectric coefficient d31 were observed with increasing BaTiO3 content, with d31 = 37 pm/V in 20/80 (w/w%) BaTiO3/PHB. 3D printing was used to produce porous cubic-shaped scaffolds using a 90° lay-down pattern, with pore size ranging in 0.60-0.77 mm and good mechanical stability. Biodegradation tests conducted for 8 weeks in saline solution at 37 °C showed low mass loss (∼4%) for 3D printed scaffolds. The results obtained in terms of piezoelectric, mechanical and chemical properties of the nanocomposite provide a new promising strategy for vascularized bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Strangis
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Capaccioli
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics "Enrico Fermi", University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Forli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa Research Area, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Parchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Blesa Marco ZE, Sáez JA, Andreu-Rodríguez FJ, Penalver R, Rodríguez M, Eissenberger K, Cinelli P, Bustamante MÁ, Moral R. Effect of Abiotic Treatments on Agricultural Plastic Waste: Efficiency of the Degradation Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:359. [PMID: 38337248 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, four different plastic materials usually used in the agricultural sector (polystyrene film (PS), polyethylene terephthalate film (PET), low-density polyethylene film (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene film (LLDPE)) were subjected to different abiotic treatments, including photo-oxidation (ultraviolet and e-beam radiation) and thermochemical treatments, to enhance polymer degradation. The extensive use of these polymers leads to large amounts of plastic waste generation, including small plastic pieces, known as microplastics, which affect the quality of the agricultural environment, including soil fertility and quality. Therefore, polymer degradation strategies are needed to effectively reduce plastic waste to protect the agricultural sector. The degree of polymer degradation was assessed by the use of thermal and spectroscopic analyses, such as TGA and FTIR. In addition, efficiency, cost-benefits, and potential side-effects were also evaluated to propose the optimal degradation strategy to reduce plastic waste from the point of view of efficiency. The results obtained showed that the pre-treatments based on photo-oxidation (ultraviolet B and C and e-beam radiation) were more efficient and had a better cost-benefit for the degradation of the polymers studied in relation to the thermochemical treatments. Specifically, ultraviolet photo-oxidation worked well for PS and PET, requiring low energy and medium times. However, e-beam radiation was recommended for PE (LDPE and LLDPE) degradation, since high energy and long times were needed when ultraviolet energy was applied to this polymer. Furthermore, the overall efficiency of the plastic degradation of pre-treatments should be studied using a multicriteria approach, since FTIR assessments, in some cases, only consider oxidation processes on the plastic surface and do not show the potential integrity changes on the plastic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Emil Blesa Marco
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, E-03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sáez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, E-03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Andreu-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, E-03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa Penalver
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez
- Department of Ingeniería Química, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Kristina Eissenberger
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Bustamante
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, E-03312 Alicante, Spain
| | - Raúl Moral
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPSO, Ctra. Beniel Km 3.2, E-03312 Alicante, Spain
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Cappello M, Strangis G, Cinelli P, Camodeca C, Filippi S, Polacco G, Seggiani M. From Waste Vegetable Oil to a Green Compatibilizer for HDPE/PA6 Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4178. [PMID: 37896422 PMCID: PMC10611262 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When properly compatibilized, the blending of polyethylene (PE) and polyamide (PA) leads to materials that combine low prices, suitable processability, impact resistance, and attractive mechanical properties. Moreover, the possibility of using these polymers without prior separation may be a suitable opportunity for their recycling. In this work, the use of an epoxidized waste vegetable oil (EWVO) was investigated as a green compatibilizer precursor (CP) for the reactive blending of a high-density PE (HDPE) with a polyamide-6 (PA6). EWVO was synthesized from waste vegetable cooking oil (WVO) using ion-exchange resin (Amberlite) as a heterogeneous catalyst. HDPE/PA6 blends were produced with different weight ratios (25/75, 75/25, 85/15) and amounts of EWVO (1, 2, 5 phr). Samples with WVO or a commercial fossil-based CP were also prepared for comparison. All the blends were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rheology, and mechanical tests. In the case of HDPE/PA6 75/25 and 85/15 blends, the addition of EWVO at 2 phr showed a satisfactory compatibilizing effect, thus yielding a material with improved mechanical properties with respect to the blend without compatibilizer. On the contrary, the HDPE/PA6 25/75 ratio yielded a material with a high degree of crosslinking that could not be further processed or characterized. In conclusion, the results showed that EWVO had a suitable compatibilizing effect in HDPE/PA6 blends with high HDPE content, while it resulted in unsuitable for blends with high content of PA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cappello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Giovanna Strangis
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Sara Filippi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Giovanni Polacco
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.); (M.S.)
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Ricci C, Azimi B, Panariello L, Antognoli B, Cecchini B, Rovelli R, Rustembek M, Cinelli P, Milazzo M, Danti S, Lazzeri A. Assessment of Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Poly(lactic acid) Fiber Scaffolds to Generate 3D In Vitro Models of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119443. [PMID: 37298394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional scaffold-based culture has been increasingly gaining influence in oncology as a therapeutic strategy for tumors with a high relapse percentage. This study aims to evaluate electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds to create a 3D model of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Specifically, the physico-mechanical and morphological properties of PCL and PLA electrospun fiber meshes collected at different drum velocities, i.e., 500 rpm, 1000 rpm and 2500 rpm, were assessed. Fiber size, mesh porosity, pore size distribution, water contact angle and tensile mechanical properties were investigated. Caco-2 cells were cultured on the produced PCL and PLA scaffolds for 7 days, demonstrating good cell viability and metabolic activity in all the scaffolds. A cross-analysis of the cell-scaffold interactions with morphological, mechanical and surface characterizations of the different electrospun fiber meshes was carried out, showing an opposite trend of cell metabolic activity in PLA and PCL scaffolds regardless of the fiber alignment, which increased in PLA and decreased in PCL. The best samples for Caco-2 cell culture were PCL500 (randomly oriented fibers) and PLA2500 (aligned fibers). Caco-2 cells had the highest metabolic activity in these scaffolds, with Young's moduli in the range of 8.6-21.9 MPa. PCL500 showed Young's modulus and strain at break close to those of the large intestine. Advancements in 3D in vitro models of colorectal adenocarcinoma could move forward the development of therapies for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ricci
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bahareh Azimi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Antognoli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cecchini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Rovelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Meruyert Rustembek
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Instrumentation Sharing of University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Strangis G, Rossi D, Cinelli P, Seggiani M. Seawater Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate- co-adipate)-Wheat Bran Biocomposites. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2593. [PMID: 37048886 PMCID: PMC10095215 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on the development and characterization of biocomposites based on a fully bio-based polyester, poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA), and wheat bran derived by flour milling. PBSA-bran composites containing 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% of wheat bran were produced via melt extrusion and processed by injection molding. Their thermal, rheological, morphological, and tensile properties were investigated. In addition, a biodegradation test in a natural marine environment was conducted on composite dog-bones to assess the capacity of the used filler to increase the PBSA biodegradation rate. The composites maintained similar melt processability and mechanical properties to virgin PBSA with up to 15 wt.% bran content. This result was also supported by morphological investigation, which showed good filler dispersion within the polymer matrix at low-mid bran content, whereas poor polymer-filler dispersion occurred at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the biodegradation tests showed bran's capacity to improve the PBSA biodegradation rate, probably due to the hygroscopic bran swelling, which induced the fragmentation of the dog-bone with a consequent increase in the polymeric matrix-seawater interfacial area, accelerating the degradation mechanisms. These results encourage the use of wheat bran, an abundant and low-cost agri-food by-product, as a filler in PBSA-based composites to develop products with good processability, mechanical properties, and controlled biodegradability in marine environments.
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Bianchi S, Marchese P, Vannini M, Sisti L, Tassoni A, Ferri M, Mallegni N, Cinelli P, Celli A. Evaluation of the activity of natural phenolic antioxidants, extracted from industrial coffee residues, on the stability of poly(1,4‐butylene succinate) formulations. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bianchi
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Paola Marchese
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Micaela Vannini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassoni
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Maura Ferri
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Mallegni N, Milazzo M, Cristallini C, Barbani N, Fredi G, Dorigato A, Cinelli P, Danti S. Characterization of Cyclic Olefin Copolymers for Insulin Reservoir in an Artificial Pancreas. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030145. [PMID: 36976069 PMCID: PMC10053537 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide. It results in a significant lack of insulin production by the pancreas and the ensuing hyperglycemia, which needs to be regulated through a tailored administration of insulin throughout the day. Recent studies have shown great advancements in developing an implantable artificial pancreas. However, some improvements are still required, including the optimal biomaterials and technologies to produce the implantable insulin reservoir. Here, we discuss the employment of two types of cyclic olefin copolymers (Topas 5013L-10 and Topas 8007S-04) for an insulin reservoir fabrication. After a preliminary thermomechanical analysis, Topas 8007S-04 was selected as the best material to fabricate a 3D-printed insulin reservoir due to its higher strength and lower glass transition temperature (Tg). Fiber deposition modeling was used to manufacture a reservoir-like structure, which was employed to assess the ability of the material to prevent insulin aggregation. Although the surface texture presents a localized roughness, the ultraviolet analysis did not detect any significant insulin aggregation over a timeframe of 14 days. These interesting results make Topas 8007S-04 cyclic olefin copolymer a potential candidate biomaterial for fabricating structural components in an implantable artificial pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Caterina Cristallini
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Niccoletta Barbani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Fredi
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF), National Council of Researches (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (S.D.)
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Eissenberger K, Ballesteros A, De Bisschop R, Bugnicourt E, Cinelli P, Defoin M, Demeyer E, Fürtauer S, Gioia C, Gómez L, Hornberger R, Ißbrücker C, Mennella M, von Pogrell H, Rodriguez-Turienzo L, Romano A, Rosato A, Saile N, Schulz C, Schwede K, Sisti L, Spinelli D, Sturm M, Uyttendaele W, Verstichel S, Schmid M. Approaches in Sustainable, Biobased Multilayer Packaging Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051184. [PMID: 36904425 PMCID: PMC10007551 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The depletion of fossil resources and the growing demand for plastic waste reduction has put industries and academic researchers under pressure to develop increasingly sustainable packaging solutions that are both functional and circularly designed. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamentals and recent advances in biobased packaging materials, including new materials and techniques for their modification as well as their end-of-life scenarios. We also discuss the composition and modification of biobased films and multilayer structures, with particular attention to readily available drop-in solutions, as well as coating techniques. Moreover, we discuss end-of-life factors, including sorting systems, detection methods, composting options, and recycling and upcycling possibilities. Finally, regulatory aspects are pointed out for each application scenario and end-of-life option. Moreover, we discuss the human factor in terms of consumer perception and acceptance of upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eissenberger
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.S.)
| | - Arantxa Ballesteros
- Centro Tecnológico ITENE, Parque Tecnológico, Carrer d’Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Robbe De Bisschop
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Elodie Bugnicourt
- Graphic Packaging International, Fountain Plaza, Belgicastraat 7, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Planet Bioplastics S.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc Defoin
- Bostik SA, 420 rue d’Estienne d’Orves, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Elke Demeyer
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Materials Development, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Claudio Gioia
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lola Gómez
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Center, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ramona Hornberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Materials Development, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Mara Mennella
- KNEIA S.L., Carrer d’Aribau 168-170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hasso von Pogrell
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Center, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Angela Romano
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosato
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadja Saile
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- European Bioplastics e.V. (EUBP), Marienstr. 19/20, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Schwede
- European Bioplastics e.V. (EUBP), Marienstr. 19/20, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Spinelli
- Next Technology Tecnotessile, Chemical Division, Via del Gelso 13, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Max Sturm
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Willem Uyttendaele
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Markus Schmid
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.E.); (M.S.)
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10
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Cappello M, Rossi D, Filippi S, Cinelli P, Seggiani M. Wood Residue-Derived Biochar as a Low-Cost, Lubricating Filler in Poly(butylene succinate- co-adipate) Biocomposites. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:570. [PMID: 36676307 PMCID: PMC9863910 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the development of a novel biocomposite material formed by a thermoplastic biodegradable polyester, poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA), and a carbonaceous filler as biochar (BC) derived by the pyrolysis of woody biomass waste. Composites with various BC contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) were obtained by melt extrusion and investigated in terms of their processability, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties. In all the composites, BC lowered melt viscosity, behaving as a lubricant, and enhancing composite extrudability and injection moulding at high temperatures up to 20 wt.% of biochar. While the use of biochar did not significantly change composite thermal stability, it increased its stiffness (Young modulus). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) revealed the presence of a second crystal phase induced by the filler addition. Furthermore, results suggest that biochar may form a particle network that hinders polymer chain disentanglement, reducing polymer flexibility. A biochar content of 10 wt.% was selected as the best trade-off concentration to improve the composite processability and cost competitiveness without compromising excessively the tensile properties. The findings support the use of biochar as a sustainable renewable filler and pigment for PBSA. Biochar is a suitable candidate to replace more traditional carbon black pigments for the production of biodegradable and inexpensive innovative PBSA composites with potential fertilizing properties to be used in agricultural applications.
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11
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Panariello L, Coltelli MB, Hadrich A, Braca F, Fiori S, Haviv A, Miketa F, Lazzeri A, Staebler A, Gigante V, Cinelli P. Antimicrobial and Gas Barrier Crustaceans and Fungal Chitin-Based Coatings on Biodegradable Bioplastic Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235211. [PMID: 36501606 PMCID: PMC9737123 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin nanofibrils (CN) can be obtained from crustaceans and fungal sources and can be used for preparing coatings for bioplastic films, that are fundamental for developing a safe and sustainable biodegradable food packaging. Coatings with different concentrations of CN from shrimps were applied on different bioplastic substrates, like Poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate)/Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PBSA/PHBV) blend, Polybutylene succinate (PBS), and Polybutylene adipate terephthalate/Poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend, but the adhesion to the substrates was scarce. On the contrary, the fungal-based CN showed a better adhesion. Additionally, it was found that the use of an additive based on oligomeric lactic acid was useful to prepare a coating with an improved adhesion to bioplastics. The gas barrier properties to oxygen and water vapour of coated and un-coated films were measured, revealing an improvement of these properties thanks to applied coatings, especially towards the oxygen. Antimicrobial properties and biodegradation capacity were also evaluated revealing an antibacterial effect of the coatings that did not significantly interfere with their biodegradability. The results are discussed and interpreted considering the correlation between composition and macromolecular structures with the observed functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-05-0221-7856 (M.-B.C.); +39-05-0221-7869 (P.C.)
| | - Ahdi Hadrich
- Biomass Valorization Platform-Materials, CELABOR s.c.r.l., 4650 Chaineux, Belgium
| | | | - Stefano Fiori
- Condensia Quimica, C/Junqueras 11-A, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amit Haviv
- TIPA, 6 HaHarash St., Hod Hasharon 4524079, Israel
| | - Filip Miketa
- Bio-Mi Ltd., Put Brdo 15, 51 211 Matulji, Croatia
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via S. Giovanni Bosco 23, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andreas Staebler
- Fraunhfer-Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.); Tel.: +39-05-0221-7856 (M.-B.C.); +39-05-0221-7869 (P.C.)
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12
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Carlozzi P, Touloupakis E, Filippi S, Cinelli P, Mezzetta A, Seggiani M. Purple non-sulfur bacteria as cell factories to produce a copolymer as PHBV under light/dark cycle in a 4-L photobioreactor. J Biotechnol 2022; 356:51-59. [PMID: 35932942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a strategy to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by culturing the marine bacterium Rhodovulum sulfidophilum DSM-1374. The study was carried out by growing the bacterium anaerobically for 720 h under 16/8 light/dark cycle. Two analytical techniques such as proton magnetic nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to determine that the polyester produced was poly-3-hydroxybutirate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV). This study showed that the excess of lactate and the limitation of N-P nutrients under a light-dark cycle enhanced PHBV synthesis and achieved a PHBV concentration of 330 mg/L in the R. sulfidophilum culture. During the 30 days of bacterial cultivation, the percentage of polymer in the six harvested dry biomasses gradually increased from 13.7% to 23.4%. In addition, the study showed that PHBV synthesis stopped during the 8-h dark phase and restarted in the light. The light-dark cycle study also showed that R. sulfidophilum DSM-1374 can be grown outdoors because the cells are exposed to the natural light-dark cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carlozzi
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Filippi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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13
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Alasmary FA, Kenawy E, El‐Deeb NM, Kamoun EA, Khattab SA, Karami AM, Cinelli P, Azaam MM. Synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of Tetronic 1107 Schiff bases. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah Ali Alasmary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - El‐Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| | - Nehal M. El‐Deeb
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI) City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA‐City) Alexandria New Borg El‐Arab City Egypt
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA‐City) Alexandria New Borg El‐Arab City Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A. Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI) City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA‐City) Alexandria New Borg El‐Arab City Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC) The British University in Egypt (BUE) El‐Sherouk City Cairo Egypt
| | - Samar A. Khattab
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Azaam
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt
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14
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Panariello L, Coltelli MB, Giangrandi S, Garrigós MC, Hadrich A, Lazzeri A, Cinelli P. Influence of Functional Bio-Based Coatings including Chitin Nanofibrils or Polyphenols on Mechanical Properties of Paper Tissues. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112274. [PMID: 35683945 PMCID: PMC9182755 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper tissue industry is a constantly evolving sector that supplies markets that require products with different specific properties. In order to meet the demand of functional properties, ensuring a green approach at the same time, research on bio-coatings has been very active in recent decades. The attention dedicated to research on functional properties has not been given to the study of the morphological and mechanical properties of the final products. This paper studied the effect of two representative bio-based coatings on paper tissue. Coatings based on chitin nanofibrils or polyphenols were sprayed on paper tissues to provide them, respectively, with antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The chemical structure of the obtained samples was preliminarily compared by ATR-FTIR before and after their application. Coatings were applied on paper tissues and, after drying, their homogeneity was investigated by ATR-FTIR on different surface areas. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties were found for chitin nanofibrils- and polyphenols-treated paper tissues, respectively. The mechanical properties of treated and untreated paper tissues were studied, considering as a reference the same tissue paper sample treated only with water. Different mechanical tests were performed on tissues, including penetration, tensile, and tearing tests in two perpendicular directions, to consider the anisotropy of the produced tissues for industrial applications. The morphology of uncoated and coated paper tissues was analysed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results from mechanical properties evidenced a correlation between morphological and mechanical changes. The addition of polyphenols resulted in a reduction in mechanical resistance, while the addition of chitin enhanced this property. This study evidenced the different effects produced by two novel coatings on paper tissues for personal care in terms of properties and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Panariello
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.)
| | | | - María Carmen Garrigós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Ahdi Hadrich
- Biomass Valorization Platform-Materials, CELABOR s.c.r.l., 4650 Chaineux, Belgium;
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.-B.C.); (P.C.)
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15
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Aliotta L, Seggiani M, Lazzeri A, Gigante V, Cinelli P. A Brief Review of Poly (Butylene Succinate) (PBS) and Its Main Copolymers: Synthesis, Blends, Composites, Biodegradability, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040844. [PMID: 35215757 PMCID: PMC8963078 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PBS, an acronym for poly (butylene succinate), is an aliphatic polyester that is attracting increasing attention due to the possibility of bio-based production, as well as its balanced properties, enhanced processability, and excellent biodegradability. This brief review has the aim to provide the status concerning the synthesis, production, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties underlying biodegradation ability, and major applications of PBS and its principal copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (P.C.)
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16
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Aliotta L, Vannozzi A, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Essential Work of Fracture and Evaluation of the Interfacial Adhesion of Plasticized PLA/PBSA Blends with the Addition of Wheat Bran by-Product. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030615. [PMID: 35160603 PMCID: PMC8838359 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work biocomposites based on plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)–poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) matrix containing wheat bran fiber (a low value by-product of food industry) were investigated. The effect of the bran addition on the mechanical properties is strictly correlated to the fiber-matrix adhesion and several analytical models, based on static and dynamic tests, were applied in order to estimate the interfacial shear strength of the biocomposites. Finally, the essential work of fracture approach was carried out to investigate the effect of the bran addition on composite fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Alessandro Vannozzi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.-B.C.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (A.V.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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17
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Filippi S, Cinelli P, Mezzetta A, Carlozzi P, Seggiani M. Extraction of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria by Non-Chlorinated Solvents. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234163. [PMID: 34883666 PMCID: PMC8659763 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, non-chlorinated solvents such as cyclohexanone (CYC) and three ionic liquids, (ILs) (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate, [EMIM][DMP], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate, [EMIM][DEP] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylphosphite, [EMIM][MP]) were tested to extract polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from the purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium (PNSB) Rhodovulumsulfidophilum DSM-1374. The photosynthetic bacterium was cultured in a new generation photobioreactor with 4 L of working volume using a lactate-rich medium. The extracted PHAs were characterized using a thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The most promising results were obtained with CYC at 125 °C with an extraction time of above 10 min, obtaining extraction yields higher than 95% and a highly pure poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB-HV) with around 2.7 mol% of hydroxylvalerate (HV). A similar yield and purity were obtained with chloroform (CHL) at 10 °C for 24 h, which was used as the referent solvent Although the three investigated ILs at 60 °C for 4 and 24 h with biomass/IL up to 1/30 (w/w) obtained PHAs strongly contaminated by cellular membrane residues, they were not completely solubilized by the investigated ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Filippi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pietro Carlozzi
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, L.go Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (M.S.)
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18
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Gigante V, Panariello L, Coltelli MB, Danti S, Obisesan KA, Hadrich A, Staebler A, Chierici S, Canesi I, Lazzeri A, Cinelli P. Liquid and Solid Functional Bio-Based Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3640. [PMID: 34771197 PMCID: PMC8586997 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new bio-based coating materials to be applied on cellulosic and plastic based substrates, with improved performances compared to currently available products and at the same time with improved sustainable end of life options, is a challenge of our times. Enabling cellulose or bioplastics with proper functional coatings, based on biopolymer and functional materials deriving from agro-food waste streams, will improve their performance, allowing them to effectively replace fossil products in the personal care, tableware and food packaging sectors. To achieve these challenging objectives some molecules can be used in wet or solid coating formulations, e.g., cutin as a hydrophobic water- and grease-repellent coating, polysaccharides such as chitosan-chitin as an antimicrobial coating, and proteins as a gas barrier. This review collects the available knowledge on functional coatings with a focus on the raw materials used and methods of dispersion/application. It considers, in addition, the correlation with the desired final properties of the applied coatings, thus discussing their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ahdi Hadrich
- Biomass Valorization Platform-Materials, CELABOR s.c.r.l., 4650 Chaineux, Belgium;
| | - Andreas Staebler
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Serena Chierici
- Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria delle Conserve Alimentari (SSICA), 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | | | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., 56017 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (L.P.); (S.D.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., 56017 Pisa, Italy;
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Righetti MC, Cinelli P, Aliotta L, Bianchi E, Tricoli F, Seggiani M, Lazzeri A. Immiscible
PHB/PB
S
and
PHB/PBSA
blends: morphology, phase composition and modelling of elastic modulus. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR‐IPCF, National Research Council Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes Via Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Fabio Tricoli
- CNR‐IPCF, National Research Council Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes Via Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- CNR‐IPCF, National Research Council Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes Via Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Largo Lazzarino 1 Pisa 56122 Italy
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Coiai S, Di Lorenzo ML, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Passaglia E. Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate- co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate- co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2489. [PMID: 34372090 PMCID: PMC8348712 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely produced biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible polyester. Despite many of its properties are similar to those of common petroleum-based polymers, some drawbacks limit its utilization, especially high brittleness and low toughness. To overcome these problems and improve the ductility and the impact resistance, PLA is often blended with other biobased and biodegradable polymers. For this purpose, poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) are very advantageous copolymers, because their toughness and elongation at break are complementary to those of PLA. Similar to PLA, both these copolymers are biodegradable and can be produced from annual renewable resources. This literature review aims to collect results on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends, as binary blends with and without addition of coupling agents. The effect of different compatibilizers on the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends properties is here elucidated, to highlight how the PLA toughness and ductility can be improved and tuned by using appropriate additives. In addition, the incorporation of solid nanoparticles to the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends is discussed in detail, to demonstrate how the nanofillers can act as morphology stabilizers, and so improve the properties of these PLA-based formulations, especially mechanical performance, thermal stability and gas/vapor barrier properties. Key points about the biodegradation of the blends and the nanocomposites are presented, together with current applications of these novel green materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coiai
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council—Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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21
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Righetti MC, Di Lorenzo ML, Cinelli P, Gazzano M. Temperature dependence of the rigid amorphous fraction of poly(butylene succinate). RSC Adv 2021; 11:25731-25737. [PMID: 35478875 PMCID: PMC9036998 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution the temperature evolution of the constrained or rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) of biodegradable and biocompatible poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) was quantified, after detailed thermodynamic characterization by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis. At the glass transition temperature, around -40 °C, the rigid amorphous fraction in PBS is about 0.25. It decreases with increasing temperature and becomes zero in proximity of 25 °C. Thus, at room temperature and at the human body temperature, all the amorphous fraction is mobile. This information is important for the development of PBS products for various applications, including biomedical applications, since physical properties of the rigid amorphous fraction, for example mechanical and permeability properties, are different from those of the mobile amorphous fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council - Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council - Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials Via Campi Flegrei 24 80078 Pozzuoli Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- University of Pisa, Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering Largo Lazzarino 2 56122 Pisa Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- CNR-ISOF, National Research Council - Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity Via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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22
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Kenawy ER, Seggiani M, Hosny A, Rashad M, Cinelli P, Saad-Allah KM, El-Sharnouby M, Shendy S, Azaam MM. Superabsorbent composites based on rice husk for agricultural applications: Swelling behavior, biodegradability in soil and drought alleviation. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Gigante V, Cinelli P, Sandroni M, D’ambrosio R, Lazzeri A, Seggiani M. On the Use of Paper Sludge as Filler in Biocomposites for Injection Moulding. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14102688. [PMID: 34065569 PMCID: PMC8160863 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential use of paper sludge (PS) as filler in the production of bio-composites based on poly lactic acid (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) was investigated. PS/PLA/PBAT composites, with addition of acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as biobased plasticizer, were produced with PS loadings up to 30 wt.% by twin-screw extrusion followed by injection moulding. The composites were characterized by rheological measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical tests (tensile and impact resistance) to study the effect of PS on the processability, thermal stability, crystallinity and mechanical performance of polymeric matrix. The optimized composites at higher PS content were successfully processed to produce pots for horticulture and, in view of this application, preliminary phytotoxicity tests were conducted using the germination test on Lepidium sativum L. seeds. Results revealed that developed composites up to 30 wt.% PS had good processability by extrusion and injection moulding showing that PS is a potential substitute of calcium carbonate as filler in the production of bio-composites, and the absence of phytotoxic effects showed the possibility of their use in the production of pots/items for applications in floriculture and/or horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (R.D.); (A.L.)
- Department Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (R.D.); (A.L.)
- Department Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Sandroni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (R.D.); (A.L.)
- Department Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto D’ambrosio
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (R.D.); (A.L.)
- Department Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (R.D.); (A.L.)
- Department Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (R.D.); (A.L.)
- Department Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.S.)
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24
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Vannini C, Rossi A, Vallerini F, Menicagli V, Seggiani M, Cinelli P, Lardicci C, Balestri E. Microbial communities of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-based biodegradable composites plastisphere and of surrounding environmental matrix: a comparison between marine (seabed) and coastal sediments (dune sand) over a long-time scale. Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:142814. [PMID: 33129544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most researches on the plastisphere in coastal environments deal with plastics floating in seawater. Comparatively smaller attention has been devoted to the plastisphere of plastics buried in marine sediments, and very little is known on that of plastics on coastal sand dunes. Yet, limited information is available on the impact of plastics, especially biodegradable plastics, on microbial organisms in their surroundings. Nevertheless, a large amount of plastics sink on the seabed or is deposited on beach-dune systems. We investigated the succession of plastisphere microbial community on two biodegradable composites based on poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and seagrass fibres (PHBV/PO), buried in seabed and dune sediments over a 27 months period in mesocosm. PHBV is regarded as a valuable alternative to conventional plastics and PHBV/PO has recently been designed for applications in coastal habitat restoration. We also examined the degradation rate and impact of these plastics on the microbial communities of surrounding sediments. Microbial communities of the surface of PHBV and PHBV/PO in seabed and dune sand differ from those of surrounding sediments, displaying a lower richness. Plastics colonization occurs largely from bacteria present in surrounding sediments, although the contribution from the water column bacterial pool could be not negligible for plastics in the seabed. No significant differences were detected between the communities of the two plastics and no significant impact of plastics on microbial community of the surrounding sediments was detected. The exceptional long duration of this study allowed to gain information on the succession of a plastisphere community over a previously unexplored time scale. Succession appears highly dynamic in dune sand even after two years, while the community structure in seabed seems to reach stability after one year. These findings highlight the importance of performing long-term studies when trying to characterize composition and dynamics of plastisphere bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vannini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy; CIME, Centro Interdipartimentale di Microscopia Elettronica, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy.
| | - Alessia Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy.
| | | | | | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy.
| | - Claudio Lardicci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy.
| | - Elena Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa I-56126, Italy.
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Gigante V, Aliotta L, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Botta L, La Mantia FP, Lazzeri A. Fracture behavior and mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of biodegradable films extruded by flat die and calender. Journal of Polymer Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- Department of Engineering, RU INSTM of Palermo University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of Pisa Pisa Italy
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Aliotta L, Gigante V, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Effect of a Bio-Based Dispersing Aid (Einar ® 101) on PLA-Arbocel ® Biocomposites: Evaluation of the Interfacial Shear Stress on the Final Mechanical Properties. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111549. [PMID: 33202908 PMCID: PMC7697637 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the production and the characterization of poly (lactic) acid (PLA)-based composites containing different amounts (from 10 wt.% to 25 wt.%) of ultra-short cellulose fibers (Arbocel 600 BE/PU) have been investigated. On the basis of a previous study, it was observed that the addition of the cellulose fibers led to an embrittlement of the composite. Consequently, in order to obtain a composite with enhanced impact resistance and elongation at break, the effect of the Einar 101 addition (a bio-based dispersing aid additive) was analyzed. The role of the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix, coupled with a better fiber dispersion, was thus evaluated. Also, the consequences on the final mechanical properties (tensile and impact test) caused by the Einar addition were investigated. Analytical models were also applied in order to obtain an evaluation of the variation of the interfacial shear stress (IFSS) (strictly correlated to the fiber-matrix adhesion) caused by the Einar introduction. Furthermore, due to the very low aspect ratio of the Arbocel fibers, a suitable Bader and Boyer model variation was adopted in order to have a better quantitative estimation of the IFSS value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (P.C.); (M.-B.C.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics s.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-7807
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Gigante V, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Sandroni M, Polacco G, Seggiani M, Lazzeri A. On the Use of Biobased Waxes to Tune Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Bran Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112615. [PMID: 33172020 PMCID: PMC7694654 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, processability and mechanical performances of bio-composites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) containing 5, 10, and 15 wt % of bran fibers, untreated and treated with natural carnauba and bee waxes were evaluated. Wheat bran, the main byproduct of flour milling, was used as filler to reduce the final cost of the PHBV-based composites and, in the same time, to find a potential valorization to this agro-food by-product, widely available at low cost. The results showed that the wheat bran powder did not act as reinforcement, but as filler for PHBV, due to an unfavorable aspect ratio of the particles and poor adhesion with the polymeric matrix, with consequent moderate loss in mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break). The surface treatment of the wheat bran particles with waxes, and in particular with beeswax, was found to improve the mechanical performance in terms of tensile properties and impact resistance of the composites, enhancing the adhesion between the PHBV-based polymeric matrix and the bran fibers, as confirmed by predictive analytic models and dynamic mechanical analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marco Sandroni
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Giovanni Polacco
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Inter University Consortium of Material Science and Technology, c/o Unit Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (G.P.); (A.L.)
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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Azimi B, Thomas L, Fusco A, Kalaoglu-Altan OI, Basnett P, Cinelli P, De Clerck K, Roy I, Donnarumma G, Coltelli MB, Danti S, Lazzeri A. Electrosprayed Chitin Nanofibril/Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Fiber Mesh as Functional Nonwoven for Skin Application. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11030062. [PMID: 32899241 PMCID: PMC7565933 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of bio-based polyesters that have found different biomedical applications. Chitin and lignin, byproducts of fishery and plant biomass, show antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity on the nanoscale. Due to their polarities, chitin nanofibril (CN) and nanolignin (NL) can be assembled into micro-complexes, which can be loaded with bioactive factors, such as the glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and CN-NL/GA (CLA) complexes, and can be used to decorate polymer surfaces. This study aims to develop completely bio-based and bioactive meshes intended for wound healing. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate), P(3HB)/P(3HO-co-3HD) was used to produce films and fiber meshes, to be surface-modified via electrospraying of CN or CLA to reach a uniform distribution. P(3HB)/P(3HO-co-3HD) fibers with desirable size and morphology were successfully prepared and functionalized with CN and CLA using electrospinning and tested in vitro with human keratinocytes. The presence of CN and CLA improved the indirect antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the electrospun fiber meshes by downregulating the expression of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating human defensin 2 expression. This natural and eco-sustainable mesh is promising in wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Azimi
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
| | - Lily Thomas
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
- Schools of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;
| | - Alessandra Fusco
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta CE, Italy
| | - Ozlem Ipek Kalaoglu-Altan
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (O.I.K.-A.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Pooja Basnett
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 7BY, UK;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (O.I.K.-A.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Ipsita Roy
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TG, UK;
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta CE, Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Interuniversity National Consortiums of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze FL, Italy; (B.A.); (A.F.); (P.C.); (G.D.); (M.B.-C.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy;
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Gigante V, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Sandroni M, Tognotti L, Seggiani M, Lazzeri A. Evaluation of Mussel Shells Powder as Reinforcement for PLA-Based Biocomposites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155364. [PMID: 32731554 PMCID: PMC7432286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biopolyesters, as polymeric matrices, and natural fillers derived from wastes or by-products of food production to achieve biocomposites is nowadays a reality. The present paper aims to valorize mussel shells, 95% made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), converting them into high-value added products. The objective of this work was to verify if CaCO3, obtained from Mediterranean Sea mussel shells, can be used as filler for a compostable matrix made of Polylactic acid (PLA) and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Thermal, mechanical, morphological and physical properties of these biocomposites were evaluated, and the micromechanical mechanism controlling stiffness and strength was investigated by analytical predictive models. The performances of these biocomposites were comparable with those of biocomposites produced with standard calcium carbonate. Thus, the present study has proved that the utilization of a waste, such as mussel shell, can become a resource for biocomposites production, and can be an effective option for further industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (M.C.R.)
| | - Marco Sandroni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Leonardo Tognotti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.G.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (M.S.); (A.L.)
- National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (CNR-IPCF), 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Coltelli MB, Aliotta L, Gigante V, Bellusci M, Cinelli P, Bugnicourt E, Schmid M, Staebler A, Lazzeri A. Preparation and Compatibilization of PBS/Whey Protein Isolate Based Blends. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143313. [PMID: 32708298 PMCID: PMC7397279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper the production of biopolymeric blends of poly(butylene succinate) PBS and plasticized whey protein (PWP), obtained from a natural by-product from cheese manufacturing, has been investigated for the production of films and/or sheets. In order to add the highest possible whey protein content, different formulations (from 30 to 50 wt.%) were studied. It was found that by increasing the amount of PWP added to PBS, the mechanical properties were worsened accordingly. This trend was attributed to the low compatibility between PWP and PBS. Consequently, the effect of the addition of soy lecithin and glycerol monostearate (GMS) as compatibilizers was investigated and compared to the use of whey protein modified with oleate and laurate groups obtained by Schotten-Baumann reaction. Soy lecithin and the Schotten-Baumann modified whey were effective in compatibilizing the PWP/PBS blend. In fact, a significant increase in elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break with respect to the not compatibilized blend was observed and the length of aliphatic chains as well as the degree of modification of the Schotten–Baumann proteins affected the results. Moreover, thanks to DSC investigations, these compatibilizers were also found effective in increasing the PBS crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2217856
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Maria Bellusci
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elodie Bugnicourt
- IRIS Technology Solutions S.L., Parc Mediterrani de la Technologia, Avda.Carl Friedrich Gauss No. 11, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Markus Schmid
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, 72488 Sigmalingen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Staebler
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung IVV, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (V.G.); (M.B.); (P.C.); (A.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
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Tassoni A, Tedeschi T, Zurlini C, Cigognini IM, Petrusan JI, Rodríguez Ó, Neri S, Celli A, Sisti L, Cinelli P, Signori F, Tsatsos G, Bondi M, Verstringe S, Bruggerman G, Corvini PFX. State-of-the-Art Production Chains for Peas, Beans and Chickpeas-Valorization of Agro-Industrial Residues and Applications of Derived Extracts. Molecules 2020; 25:E1383. [PMID: 32197427 PMCID: PMC7144388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is confronted with the depletion of natural resources due to their unsustainable use and the increasing size of populations. In this context, the efficient use of by-products, residues and wastes generated from agro-industrial and food processing opens the perspective for a wide range of benefits. In particular, legume residues are produced yearly in very large amounts and may represent an interesting source of plant proteins that contribute to satisfying the steadily increasing global protein demand. Innovative biorefinery extraction cascades may also enable the recovery of further bioactive molecules and fibers from these insufficiently tapped biomass streams. This review article gives a summary of the potential for the valorization of legume residual streams resulting from agro-industrial processing and more particularly for pea, green bean and chickpea by-products/wastes. Valuable information on the annual production volumes, geographical origin and state-of-the-art technologies for the extraction of proteins, fibers and other bioactive molecules from this source of biomass, is exhaustively listed and discussed. Finally, promising applications, already using the recovered fractions from pea, bean and chickpea residues for the formulation of feed, food, cosmetic and packaging products, are listed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassoni
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tullia Tedeschi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Chiara Zurlini
- Experimental Station for Food Preservation Industry, Viale F. Tanara, 31/A, 43121 Parma, Italy; (C.Z.); (I.M.C.)
| | - Ilaria Maria Cigognini
- Experimental Station for Food Preservation Industry, Viale F. Tanara, 31/A, 43121 Parma, Italy; (C.Z.); (I.M.C.)
| | - Janos-Istvan Petrusan
- Institut für Getreideverarbeitung GmbH, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 40/41, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
| | - Óscar Rodríguez
- IRIS Technology Group, Avda. C. F. Gauss 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain (S.N.)
| | - Simona Neri
- IRIS Technology Group, Avda. C. F. Gauss 11, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain (S.N.)
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (F.S.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Signori
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (F.S.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Georgios Tsatsos
- Cosmetic Tsatsos Georgios, Ioannou Metaxa 56, 19441 Koropi, Greece;
| | - Marika Bondi
- Conserve Italia Scarl, Via Paolo Poggi 11, 40068 San Lazzaro di Savena (BO), Italy;
| | - Stefanie Verstringe
- Nutritional Solutions Division, Nutrition Sciences NV, Booiebos 5, 9031 Drongen, Belgium; (S.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Geert Bruggerman
- Nutritional Solutions Division, Nutrition Sciences NV, Booiebos 5, 9031 Drongen, Belgium; (S.V.); (G.B.)
| | - Philippe F. X. Corvini
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz, Hofackerstrasse 30, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland;
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Righetti MC, Aliotta L, Mallegni N, Gazzano M, Passaglia E, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Constrained Amorphous Interphase and Mechanical Properties of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate- co-3-Hydroxyvalerate). Front Chem 2019; 7:790. [PMID: 31803723 PMCID: PMC6877667 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, for the first time the evolution of tensile mechanical properties of different poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymers (PHBV8 and PHBV12, with 8 mol% and 12 mol% of HV co-units, respectively) as a function of the storage time at room temperature has been investigated in parallel with the quantification of the crystalline, mobile amorphous, and rigid amorphous fractions. A comparison with the evolution of the crystalline and amorphous fractions in the homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was also performed. For all the samples, the crystallinity was found to slightly increase during storage. In parallel, the mobile amorphous fraction (MAF) decreased markedly, with the result that a relevant increase in the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) was detected. The RAF content in the copolymers was lower than that of PHB. For all the samples, the RAF formation during aging was ascribed to the growth of secondary crystals in geometrically restricted areas. It was demonstrated that the storage at T room leads in PHB, PHBV8, and PHBV12 to a progressive increase in the total solid fraction (crystal phase + rigid amorphous fraction) and to a simultaneous physical aging of the rigid amorphous fraction. The two different processes cannot be separated and distinguished, so that only the resulting effect on the mechanical properties was considered. The experimental elastic modulus of both PHBV8 and PHBV12 was found to increase regularly with the total solid fraction, as well as the tensile strength. Conversely, the elongation at break turned out to be an increasing function of the mobile amorphous fraction. The elastic moduli of the crystalline, mobile amorphous, and rigid amorphous fractions of PHBV8 and PHBV12 were estimated by means of a three-phase modified Takayanagi's model, to take into account also the contribution of the rigid amorphous fraction. The calculated values were found in agreement with theoretical expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- CNR-ISOF, National Research Council-Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council-Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Balestri E, Vallerini F, Seggiani M, Cinelli P, Menicagli V, Vannini C, Lardicci C. Use of bio-containers from seagrass wrack with nursery planting to improve the eco-sustainability of coastal habitat restoration. J Environ Manage 2019; 251:109604. [PMID: 31569025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional revegetation techniques employed to restore seagrass meadows and coastal dunes have recently been criticized for their impact on donor populations as well as for the installation of plant anchoring structures made of non-biodegradable or not natural materials in recipient habitats. To improve the ecological sustainability of restoration practices, a novel plantable biodegradable container made of beach-cast seagrass wrack and a bio-based polymer was produced. The long-term performance of two seagrasses, Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltei, and two dune plants, Euphorbia paralias and Thinopyrum junceum, grown in nurseries from seeds using the bio-container or a non-biodegradable container of equal size/form made of a conventional plastic (control) was also examined. In addition, the development of bio-container-raised C. nodosa plants in the field was compared to that of plants removed from control containers at the installation and anchored with a traditional system. The bio-container degraded slowly in seawater and in sand and lost its functionality after about three years. In nurseries, all the tested species grown in bio-containers performed as well as, or better than, those raised in non-biodegradable ones. Six months after transplanting into the field, 80% of the C. nodosa nursery-raised plants installed with their bio-container have colonized the surrounding substrate while most of those planted with the traditional system was lost. These results indicate that the new bio-container may support plant growth, and it may also provide protection and anchorage to plants in the field. The use of this bio-container in combination with nursery techniques could improve the environmental sustainability of coastal restoration interventions by providing large plant stocks from seed, thus reducing the impact of collection on donor populations. This approach would also limit the introduction of extraneous materials in recipient habitats and offer an opportunity for valorizing seagrass beach-cast material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy
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Cristallini C, Danti S, Azimi B, Tempesti V, Ricci C, Ventrelli L, Cinelli P, Barbani N, Lazzeri A. Multifunctional Coatings for Robotic Implanted Device. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205126. [PMID: 31623142 PMCID: PMC6829358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was the preparation and physico-chemical, mechanical, biological, and functional characterization of a multifunctional coating for an innovative, fully implantable device. The multifunctional coating was designed to have three fundamental properties: adhesion to device, close mechanical resemblance to human soft tissues, and control of the inflammatory response and tissue repair process. This aim was fulfilled by preparing a multilayered coating based on three components: a hydrophilic primer to allow device adhesion, a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel layer to provide good mechanical compliance with the human tissue, and a layer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) fibers. The use of biopolymer fibers offered the potential for a long-term interface able to modulate the release of an anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone), thus contrasting acute and chronic inflammation response following device implantation. Two copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate-acrylic acid) and poly(vinyl alcohol-acrylic acid), were synthetized and characterized using thermal analysis (DSC, TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR chemical imaging), in vitro cell viability, and an adhesion test. The resulting hydrogels were biocompatible, biostable, mechanically compatible with soft tissues, and able to incorporate and release the drug. Finally, the multifunctional coating showed a good adhesion to titanium substrate, no in vitro cytotoxicity, and a prolonged and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Cristallini
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, IPCF ss Pisa, CNR, c/o Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, DICI, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, DICI, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Bahareh Azimi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, DICI, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Veronika Tempesti
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ricci
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Letizia Ventrelli
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, DICI, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Niccoletta Barbani
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, IPCF ss Pisa, CNR, c/o Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, DICI, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, IPCF ss Pisa, CNR, c/o Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, DICI, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
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Carlozzi P, Touloupakis E, Di Lorenzo T, Giovannelli A, Seggiani M, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Whey and molasses as inexpensive raw materials for parallel production of biohydrogen and polyesters via a two-stage bioprocess: New routes towards a circular bioeconomy. J Biotechnol 2019; 303:37-45. [PMID: 31351109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Consecutive dark-fermentation and photo-fermentation stages were investigated for a profitable circular bio-economy. H2 photo-production versus poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) accumulation is a modern biotechnological approach to use agro-food industrial byproducts as no-cost rich-nutrient medium in eco-sustainable biological processes. Whey and molasses are very important byproducts rich in nutrients that lactic acid bacteria can convert, by dark-fermentation, in dark fermented effluents of whey (DFEW) and molasses (DFEM). These effluents are proper media for culturing purple non-sulfur bacteria, which are profitable producers of P3HB and H2. The results of the present study show that Lactobacillus sp. and Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3 are two representative genera for mitigation of environmental impact. The highest productivity of P3HB (4.445 mg/(L·h)) was achieved culturing Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-VOGS3, when feeding the bacterium with 20% of DFEM; the highest H2 production rate of 4.46 mL/(L·h) was achieved when feeding the bacterium with 30% of DFEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Carlozzi
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Alessio Giovannelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
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Aliotta L, Gigante V, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Evaluation of Mechanical and Interfacial Properties of Bio-Composites Based on Poly(Lactic Acid) with Natural Cellulose Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E960. [PMID: 30813291 PMCID: PMC6413052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The circular economy policy and the interest for sustainable material are inducing a constant expansion of the bio-composites market. The opportunity of using natural fibers in bio-based and biodegradable polymeric matrices, derived from industrial and/or agricultural waste, represents a stimulating challenge in the replacement of traditional composites based on fossil sources. The coupling of bioplastics with natural fibers in order to lower costs and promote degradability is one of the primary objectives of research, above all in the packaging and agricultural sectors where large amounts of non-recyclable plastics are generated, inducing a serious problem for plastic disposal and potential accumulation in the environment. Among biopolymers, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most used compostable, bio-based polymeric matrices, since it exhibits process ability and mechanical properties compatible with a wide range of applications. In this study, two types of cellulosic fibers were processed with PLA in order to obtain bio-composites with different percentages of microfibers (5%, 10%, 20%). The mechanical properties were evaluated (tensile and impact test), and analytical models were applied in order to estimate the adhesion between matrix and fibers and to predict the material's stiffness. Understanding these properties is of particular importance in order to be able to tune and project the final characteristics of bio-composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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Righetti MC, Cinelli P, Mallegni N, Stäbler A, Lazzeri A. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Made of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Potato Pulp Powder. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020308. [PMID: 30960292 PMCID: PMC6419162 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) containing 5 wt % of valerate units, with 20 wt % of potato pulp powder were investigated in order (i) to obtain information on possible miscibility/compatibility between the biopolymers and the potato pulp, and (ii) to quantify how the addition of this filler modifies the properties of the polymeric material. The potato pulp powder utilized is a residue of processing for the production and extraction of starch. The final aim of this study is the preparation of PHBV based materials with reduced cost, thanks to biomass valorization, in agreement with the circular economy policy, as result of the incorporation of agricultural organic waste. The results showed that the potato pulp powder does not act as reinforcement, but rather as filler for the PHBV polymeric matrix. A moderate loss in mechanical properties is detected (decrease in elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break), which regardless still meets the technical requirements indicated for rigid packaging production. In order to improve the mechanical response of the PHBV/potato pulp powder biocomposites, surface treatment of the potato pulp powder with bio-based and petroleum-based waxes was investigated. Good enhancement of the mechanical properties was achieved with the natural carnauba and bee waxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andreas Stäbler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße, 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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Righetti MC, Cinelli P, Mallegni N, Massa CA, Bronco S, Stäbler A, Lazzeri A. Thermal, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Biocomposites Made of Poly(lactic acid) and Potato Pulp Powder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030675. [PMID: 30764483 PMCID: PMC6387128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with potato pulp powder were investigated in order to (1) quantify how the addition of this filler modifies the structure of the polymeric material and (2) to obtain information on the possible miscibility and compatibility between PLA and the potato pulp. The potato pulp powder utilized is a residue of the processing for the production and extraction of starch. The study was conducted by analyzing the effect of the potato pulp concentration on the thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the biocomposites. The results showed that the potato pulp powder does not act as reinforcement but as filler for the PLA polymeric matrix. A progressive decrease in elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break was observed with increasing the potato pulp percentage. This moderate loss of mechanical properties, however, still meets the technical requirements indicated for the production of rigid packaging items. The incorporation of potato pulp powder to PLA offers the possibility to reduce the cost of the final products and promotes a circular economy approach for the valorization of agro-food waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Andrea Massa
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Bronco
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andreas Stäbler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße, 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Gigante V, Aliotta L, Morganti P, Panariello L, Lazzeri A. Chitin Nanofibrils in Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Nanocomposites: Dispersion and Thermo-Mechanical Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E504. [PMID: 30682847 PMCID: PMC6386964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin-nanofibrils are obtained in water suspension at low concentration, as nanoparticles normally are, to avoid their aggregation. The addition of the fibrils in molten PLA during extrusion is thus difficult and disadvantageous. In the present paper, the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is proposed to prepare a solid pre-composite by water evaporation. The pre-composite is then added to PLA in the extruder to obtain transparent nanocomposites. The amount of PEG and chitin nanofibrils was varied in the nanocomposites to compare the reinforcement due to nanofibrils and plasticization due to the presence of PEG, as well as for extrapolating, where possible, the properties of reinforcement due to chitin nanofibrils exclusively. Thermal and morphological properties of nanocomposites were also investigated. This study concluded that chitin nanofibrils, added as reinforcing filler up to 12% by weight, do not properties alter the properties of the PLA based material; hence, this additive can be used in bioplastic items mainly exploiting their intrinsic anti-microbial and skin regenerating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Pierfrancesco Morganti
- Skin Pharmacology and Dermatology Unit, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80100 Naples, Italy.
- MAVI SUD, Aprilia (LT), 04011 Aprilia, Italy.
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National InterUniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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Coltelli MB, Mallegni N, Rizzo S, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Improved Impact Properties in Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Blends Containing Cellulose Acetate (CA) Prepared by Reactive Extrusion. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E270. [PMID: 30650639 PMCID: PMC6357089 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)/triacetine plasticized cellulose acetate (PLA/pCA) blends were prepared by extrusion at two different temperatures and tetrabutylammonium tetraphenyl borate (TBATPB) was added as a transesterification catalyst to reactively promote the formation of PLA-CA copolymer during the reactive extrusion. The occurrence of chain scission in the PLA phase and branching/crosslinking in the CA phase in the presence of TBATPB, resulting also in a darkening of the material, were demonstrated by studying torque measurements and by performing proper thermogravimetric tests on CA with the different additives. Tensile and impact tests onto the blends prepared at the lower temperature showed better properties than the ones obtained at a higher temperature. Then, the mechanical properties of PLA/plasticized cellulose acetate (pCA) blends prepared at the lower temperature were investigated as a function of the content of plasticized CA in the blend. A range of compositions was observed where blends exhibited improved impact properties with respect to pure PLA without a significant decrease in their elastic modulus. The study of the phase morphology of the blends revealed that the occurrence of reactive compatibilization did not significantly affect the phase distribution. In general, fibrillar CA particles were formed in the PLA matrix during extrusion, thus allowing the preparation of CA fibre reinforced composites. The trend of morphology as a function of the composition and processing conditions was then discussed by considering the evolution of phase morphology in immiscible polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), c/o Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Rizzo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), c/o Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), c/o Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Mallegni N, Phuong TV, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Based Tear Resistant and Biodegradable Flexible Films by Blown Film Extrusion. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E148. [PMID: 29342099 PMCID: PMC5793646 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was melt mixed in a laboratory extruder with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in the presence of polypropylene glycol di glycidyl ether (EJ400) that acted as both plasticizer and compatibilizer. The process was then scaled up in a semi-industrial extruder preparing pellets having different content of a nucleating agent (LAK). All of the formulations could be processed by blowing extrusion and the obtained films showed mechanical properties dependent on the LAK content. In particular the tearing strength showed a maximum like trend in the investigated composition range. The films prepared with both kinds of blends showed a tensile strength in the range 12-24 MPa, an elongation at break in the range 150-260% and a significant crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Thanh Vu Phuong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Can Tho 90000, Vietnam.
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
- National Research Council, Institute of Chemical Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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Hess SC, Stark WJ, Mohn D, Cohrs N, Märsmann S, Calcagni M, Cinelli P, Buschmann J. Gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells: comparison of 2D films, 3D electrospun meshes or co-cultured scaffolds with two-way paracrine effects. Eur Cell Mater 2017; 34:232-248. [PMID: 29028070 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v034a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding the appropriate cues to trigger the desired differentiation is a challenge in tissue engineering when stem cells are involved. In this regard, three-dimensional environments are often compared to cells' two-dimensional culture behaviour (plastic culture dish). Here, we compared the gene expression pattern of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) seeded in a three-dimensional (3D) electrospun mesh and on a two-dimensional (2D) film - both of exactly the same material. Additionally, we conducted experiments with a scaffold floating above a film to investigate two-way paracrine effects (co-system). Electrospun meshes (3D scaffolds) and films (2D), consisting either of pristine poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) or of PLGA-containing dispersed amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (PLGA/aCaP), were seeded with ASCs and cultured either in Dulbecco Minimum Essential Medium (DMEM) or in osteogenic medium. After two weeks, minimum stem cell criteria markers as well as typical markers for osteogenesis, endothelial cell differentiation, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Interestingly, mostly osteogenic genes of cells seeded on 3D meshes were upregulated compared to those on 2D films, while stem cell markers seemed to be only slightly affected. Runx2 and osteocalcin showed an especially strong upregulation under all conditions, while most other factors analysed for 2D/3D changes were highly dependent on the material composition, the culture medium and on paracrine signalling effects. The beneficial 3D environment for stem cells found in many studies has therefore not to be attributed to the third dimension alone and should carefully be compared to 2D films fabricated of the same material. Furthermore, paracrine interactions triggering differentiation are not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Buschmann
- University Hospital Zurich, Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, E LAB 27, Sternwartstrasse 14, CH-8091 Zürich,
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Cicogna F, Coiai S, De Monte C, Spiniello R, Fiori S, Franceschi M, Braca F, Cinelli P, Fehri SMK, Lazzeri A, Oberhauser W, Passaglia E. Poly(lactic acid) plasticized with low-molecular-weight polyesters: structural, thermal and biodegradability features. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Coiai
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici; Pisa Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Fiori
- R&D Department; Condensia Química SA; Barcelona Spain
| | | | | | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale; Università di Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Industriale; Università di Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - Werner Oberhauser
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici; Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici; Pisa Italy
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Seggiani M, Cinelli P, Mallegni N, Balestri E, Puccini M, Vitolo S, Lardicci C, Lazzeri A. New Bio-Composites Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Posidonia oceanica Fibres for Applications in a Marine Environment. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E326. [PMID: 28772689 PMCID: PMC5506960 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bio-composites based on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and fibres of Posidonia oceanica (PO) were investigated to assess their processability by extrusion, mechanical properties, and potential biodegradability in a natural marine environment. PHAs were successfully compounded with PO fibres up to 20 wt % while, at 30 wt % of fibres, the addition of 10 wt % of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) was necessary to improve their processability. Thermal, rheological, mechanical, and morphological characterizations of the developed composites were conducted and the degradation of composite films in a natural marine habitat was evaluated in a mesocosm by weight loss measure during an incubation period of six months. The addition of PO fibres led to an increase in stiffness of the composites with tensile modulus values about 80% higher for composites with 30 wt % fibre (2.3 GPa) compared to unfilled material (1.24 GPa). Furthermore, the impact energy markedly increased with the addition of the PO fibres, from 1.63 (unfilled material) to 3.8 kJ/m² for the composites with 30 wt % PO. The rate of degradation was markedly influenced by seawater temperature and significantly promoted by the presence of PO fibres leading to the total degradation of the film with 30 wt % PO in less than six months. The obtained results showed that the developed composites can be suitable to manufacture items usable in marine environments, for example, in natural engineering interventions, and represent an interesting valorisation of the PO fibrous wastes accumulated in large amounts on coastal beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
- Institute for the Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Elena Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Claudio Lardicci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Derna 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa 56126, Italy.
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Cinelli P, Schmid M, Bugnicourt E, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Recyclability of PET/WPI/PE Multilayer Films by Removal of Whey Protein Isolate-Based Coatings with Enzymatic Detergents. Materials (Basel) 2016; 9:ma9060473. [PMID: 28773592 PMCID: PMC5456749 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multilayer plastic films provide a range of properties, which cannot be obtained from monolayer films but, at present, their recyclability is an open issue and should be improved. Research to date has shown the possibility of using whey protein as a layer material with the property of acting as an excellent barrier against oxygen and moisture, replacing petrochemical non-recyclable materials. The innovative approach of the present research was to achieve the recyclability of the substrate films by separating them, with a simple process compatible with industrial procedures, in order to promote recycling processes leading to obtain high value products that will beneficially impact the packaging and food industries. Hence, polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)/polyethylene (PE) multi-layer film was prepared based on PET coated with a whey protein layer, and then the previous structure was laminated with PE. Whey proteins, constituting the coating, can be degraded by enzymes so that the coating films can be washed off from the plastic substrate layer. Enzyme types, dosage, time, and temperature optima, which are compatible with procedures adopted in industrial waste recycling, were determined for a highly-efficient process. The washing of samples based on PET/whey and PET/whey/PE were efficient when performed with enzymatic detergent containing protease enzymes, as an alternative to conventional detergents used in recycling facilities. Different types of enzymatic detergents tested presented positive results in removing the protein layer from the PET substrate and from the PET/whey/PE multilayer films at room temperature. These results attested to the possibility of organizing the pre-treatment of the whey-based multilayer film by washing with different available commercial enzymatic detergents in order to separate PET and PE, thus allowing a better recycling of the two different polymers. Mechanical properties of the plastic substrate, such as stress at yield, stress and elongation at break, evaluated by tensile testing on films before and after cleaning, were are not significantly affected by washing with enzymatic detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cinelli
- National Research Council, Institute for the Chemical and Physical Processes UoS Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, Pisa 56122, Italy.
| | - Markus Schmid
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Strasse 35, Freising 85354, Germany.
- Chair of Food Packaging Technology, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 22, Freising 85354, Germany.
| | - Elodie Bugnicourt
- Innovació i Recerca Industrial i Sostenible (IRIS), Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Avda. Carl Friedrich Gauss 11, Castelldefels 08860, Spain.
| | - Maria Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, Pisa 56122, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi 2, Pisa 56122, Italy.
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Fehri S, Cinelli P, Coltelli MB, Anguillesi I, Lazzeri A. Thermal Properties of Plasticized Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA) Containing Nucleating Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7763/ijcea.2016.v7.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Fehri MK, Mugoni C, Cinelli P, Anguillesi I, Coltelli MB, Fiori S, Montorsi M, Lazzeri A. Composition dependence of the synergistic effect of nucleating agent and plasticizer in poly(lactic acid): A Mixture Design study. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2016.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Bernardini J, Anguillesi I, Coltelli MB, Cinelli P, Lazzeri A. Optimizing the lignin based synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams employing reactive liquefying agents. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Bernardini
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
| | - Irene Anguillesi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
| | - Maria-Beatrice Coltelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM); Via G. Giusti, 9 50121, Firenze Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering; University of Pisa; Via Diotisalvi 2 56126, Pisa Italy
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49
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Bernardini J, Cinelli P, Anguillesi I, Coltelli MB, Lazzeri A. Flexible polyurethane foams green production employing lignin or oxypropylated lignin. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Jirkof P, Tourvieille A, Cinelli P, Arras M. Buprenorphine for pain relief in mice: repeated injections vs sustained-release depot formulation. Lab Anim 2014; 49:177-87. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677214562849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sustained-release formulations of analgesic drugs are promising alternatives to repeated drug injections. Here, we compared a sustained-release formulation of buprenorphine (SB, 2.2 mg/kg) with a standard protocol of three injections of buprenorphine (Temgesic, 0.1 mg/kg/8 h) in mice. Buprenorphine serum concentration and analgesic action (thermal sensitivity) were determined in healthy mice. Additionally, the pain relief properties of both protocols were assessed after laparotomy using physiological and ethological measures of pain and recovery. Serum concentrations and thermal sensitivity tests indicated duration of action of at least 4 h (but less than 8 h) with the Temgesic protocol, and 24–48 h with SB. Behavioural and clinical parameters indicated at least partial pain relief after surgery for both protocols. Observed side-effects of buprenorphine independent of the protocol were increased activity, disturbed circadian rhythm and several abnormal behaviours. A tendency for decreased food and water intake as well as body weight reduction was also seen. Body weight decreased significantly in animals that received three injections of Temgesic, regardless of whether surgery was performed or not ( P = 0.015; P = 0.023), hinting at a stress response towards this repeated intervention. In conclusion, an application interval of 8 h (Temgesic) appears too long and might lead to repeated periods with insufficient analgesia in animals undergoing lasting and/or substantial pain after surgery. In comparison to the standard protocol, SB provided a long-lasting, assured analgesia without possible stressful repeated injections in a standard surgical model, with only limited and acceptable behavioural side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jirkof
- Division of Surgical Research, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - P Cinelli
- Division of Trauma Surgery, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Arras
- Division of Surgical Research, Centre for Clinical Research, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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