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Bowman KA, Kaplonek P, McNamara RP. Understanding Fc function for rational vaccine design against pathogens. mBio 2024; 15:e0303623. [PMID: 38112418 PMCID: PMC10790774 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03036-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies represent the primary correlate of immunity following most clinically approved vaccines. However, their mechanisms of action vary from pathogen to pathogen, ranging from neutralization, to opsonophagocytosis, to cytotoxicity. Antibody functions are regulated both by antigen specificity (Fab domain) and by the interaction of their Fc domain with distinct types of Fc receptors (FcRs) present in immune cells. Increasing evidence highlights the critical nature of Fc:FcR interactions in controlling pathogen spread and limiting the disease state. Moreover, variation in Fc-receptor engagement during the course of infection has been demonstrated across a range of pathogens, and this can be further influenced by prior exposure(s)/immunizations, age, pregnancy, and underlying health conditions. Fc:FcR functional variation occurs at the level of antibody isotype and subclass selection as well as post-translational modification of antibodies that shape Fc:FcR-interactions. These factors collectively support a model whereby the immune system actively harnesses and directs Fc:FcR interactions to fight disease. By defining the precise humoral mechanisms that control infections, as well as understanding how these functions can be actively tuned, it may be possible to open new paths for improving existing or novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan P. McNamara
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Kaplonek P, Cizmeci D, Kwatra G, Izu A, Lee JSL, Bertera HL, Fischinger S, Mann C, Amanat F, Wang W, Koen AL, Fairlie L, Cutland CL, Ahmed K, Dheda K, Barnabas SL, Bhorat QE, Briner C, Krammer F, Saphire EO, Gilbert SC, Lambe T, Pollard AJ, Nunes M, Wuhrer M, Lauffenburger DA, Madhi SA, Alter G. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine-induced Fc receptor binding tracks with differential susceptibility to COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1161-1172. [PMID: 37322179 PMCID: PMC10307634 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of COVID-19 vaccines, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern have emerged that can cause breakthrough infections. Although protection against severe disease has been largely preserved, the immunological mediators of protection in humans remain undefined. We performed a substudy on the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccinees enrolled in a South African clinical trial. At peak immunogenicity, before infection, no differences were observed in immunoglobulin (Ig)G1-binding antibody titers; however, the vaccine induced different Fc-receptor-binding antibodies across groups. Vaccinees who resisted COVID-19 exclusively mounted FcγR3B-binding antibodies. In contrast, enhanced IgA and IgG3, linked to enriched FcγR2B binding, was observed in individuals who experienced breakthrough. Antibodies unable to bind to FcγR3B led to immune complex clearance and resulted in inflammatory cascades. Differential antibody binding to FcγR3B was linked to Fc-glycosylation differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. These data potentially point to specific FcγR3B-mediated antibody functional profiles as critical markers of immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alane Izu
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Harry L Bertera
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Colin Mann
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anthonet L Koen
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lee Fairlie
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Clare L Cutland
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Keertan Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Shaun L Barnabas
- Family Centre for Research With Ubuntu, Department of Paediatrics, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Carmen Briner
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica Ollman Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Kaplonek P, Deng Y, Shih-Lu Lee J, Zar HJ, Zavadska D, Johnson M, Lauffenburger DA, Goldblatt D, Alter G. Hybrid immunity expands the functional humoral footprint of both mRNA and vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101048. [PMID: 37182520 PMCID: PMC10126214 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the successes of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, waning immunity, the emergence of variants of concern, and breakthrough infections among vaccinees have begun to highlight opportunities to improve vaccine platforms. Real-world vaccine efficacy studies have highlighted the reduced risk of breakthrough infections and diseases among individuals infected and vaccinated, referred to as hybrid immunity. Thus, we sought to define whether hybrid immunity shapes the humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following Pfizer/BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, ChadOx1/AZD1222, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Each vaccine exhibits a unique functional humoral profile in vaccination only or hybrid immunity. However, hybrid immunity shows a unique augmentation of S2-domain-specific functional immunity that was poorly induced for the vaccination only. These data highlight the importance of natural infection in breaking the immunodominance away from the evolutionarily unstable S1 domain and potentially affording enhanced cross-variant protection by targeting the more highly conserved S2 domain of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yixiang Deng
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; SA MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dace Zavadska
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marina Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Kaplonek P, Cizmeci D, Lee JSL, Shin SA, Fischinger S, Gobeil P, Pillet S, Charland N, Ward BJ, Alter G. Robust induction of functional humoral response by a plant-derived Coronavirus-like particle vaccine candidate for COVID-19. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:13. [PMID: 36781879 PMCID: PMC9924894 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of existing COVID-19 vaccine platforms, the persistent limitations in global deployment of vaccines and waning immunity exhibited by many of the currently deployed vaccine platforms have led to perpetual outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new durable vaccine candidates, to expand the global vaccine pipeline, and provide safe and effective solutions for every country worldwide. Here we deeply profiled the functional humoral response induced by two doses of AS03-adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted plant-derived Coronavirus-like particle (CoVLP) vaccine candidate from the phase 1 clinical trial, at peak immunogenicity and six months post-vaccination. AS03-adjuvanted CoVLP induced robust and durable SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral immunity, marked by strong IgG1antibody responses, potent FcγR binding, and antibody effector function. Contrary to a decline in neutralizing antibody titers, the FcγR2A-receptor binding capacity and antibody-mediated effector functions, such as opsonophagocytosis, remained readily detectable for at least six months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sally A Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian J Ward
- Medicago Inc., Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Bartsch YC, St Denis KJ, Kaplonek P, Kang J, Lam EC, Burns MD, Farkas EJ, Davis JP, Boribong BP, Edlow AG, Fasano A, Shreffler WG, Zavadska D, Johnson M, Goldblatt D, Balazs AB, Yonker LM, Alter G. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination elicits robust antibody responses in children. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn9237. [PMID: 35881018 PMCID: PMC9348753 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although children have been largely spared from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) with increased transmissibility, combined with fluctuating mask mandates and school reopenings, has led to increased infections and disease among children. Thus, there is an urgent need to roll out COVID-19 vaccines to children of all ages. However, whether children respond equivalently to adults to mRNA vaccines and whether dosing will elicit optimal immunity remain unclear. Here, we aimed to deeply profile the vaccine-induced humoral immune response in 6- to 11-year-old children receiving either a pediatric (50 μg) or adult (100 μg) dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine and to compare these responses to vaccinated adults, infected children, and children who experienced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Children elicited an IgG-dominant vaccine-induced immune response, surpassing adults at a matched 100-μg dose but more variable immunity at a 50-μg dose. Irrespective of titer, children generated antibodies with enhanced Fc receptor binding capacity. Moreover, like adults, children generated cross-VOC humoral immunity, marked by a decline of omicron-specific receptor binding domain, but robustly preserved omicron spike protein binding. Fc receptor binding capabilities were also preserved in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that both the 50- and 100-μg doses of mRNA vaccination in children elicit robust cross-VOC antibody responses and that 100-μg doses in children result in highly preserved omicron-specific functional humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kerri J St Denis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan C Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Madeleine D Burns
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eva J Farkas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jameson P Davis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Brittany P Boribong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Massachusetts General Hospital Food Allergy Center, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dace Zavadska
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Marina Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Lael M Yonker
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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6
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LaSalle TJ, Gonye ALK, Freeman SS, Kaplonek P, Gushterova I, Kays KR, Manakongtreecheep K, Tantivit J, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Thomas MF, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilly BM, Mckaig BN, Charland NC, Khanna HK, Lodenstein CL, Margolin JD, Blaum EM, Lirofonis PB, Revach OY, Mehta A, Sonny A, Bhattacharyya RP, Parry BA, Goldberg MB, Alter G, Filbin MR, Villani AC, Hacohen N, Sade-Feldman M. Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers phenotypes associated with severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100779. [PMID: 36208629 PMCID: PMC9510054 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain incompletely understood. Here, we collect longitudinal blood samples from 306 hospitalized COVID-19+ patients and 86 controls and perform bulk RNA sequencing of enriched neutrophils, plasma proteomics, and high-throughput antibody profiling to investigate relationships between neutrophil states and disease severity. We identify dynamic switches between six distinct neutrophil subtypes. At days 3 and 7 post-hospitalization, patients with severe disease display a granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like gene expression signature, while patients with resolving disease show a neutrophil progenitor-like signature. Humoral responses are identified as potential drivers of neutrophil effector functions, with elevated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1)-to-IgA1 ratios in plasma of severe patients who survived. In vitro experiments confirm that while patient-derived IgG antibodies induce phagocytosis in healthy donor neutrophils, IgA antibodies predominantly induce neutrophil cell death. Overall, our study demonstrates a dysregulated myelopoietic response in severe COVID-19 and a potential role for IgA-dominant responses contributing to mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J LaSalle
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anna L K Gonye
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samuel S Freeman
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Irena Gushterova
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyle R Kays
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C Russo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nihaarika Sharma
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly F Thomas
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brendan M Lilly
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna N Mckaig
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole C Charland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hargun K Khanna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl L Lodenstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D Margolin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Blaum
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paola B Lirofonis
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Or-Yam Revach
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arnav Mehta
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abraham Sonny
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roby P Bhattacharyya
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blair Alden Parry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia B Goldberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Filbin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Wang C, Li Y, Kaplonek P, Gentili M, Fischinger S, Bowman KA, Sade-Feldman M, Kays KR, Regan J, Flynn JP, Goldberg MB, Hacohen N, Filbin MR, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G, Li JZ. The Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Development Is Associated with Clearance of RNAemia. mBio 2022; 13:e0157722. [PMID: 35762593 PMCID: PMC9426503 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01577-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent SARS-CoV-2 replication and systemic dissemination are linked to increased COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. However, the precise immune profiles that track with enhanced viral clearance, particularly from systemic RNAemia, remain incompletely defined. To define whether antibody characteristics, specificities, or functions that emerge during natural infection are linked to accelerated containment of viral replication, we examined the relationship of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune evolution in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 plasma RNAemia, which is tightly associated with disease severity and death. On presentation to the emergency department, S-specific IgG3, IgA1, and Fc-γ-receptor (Fcγ R) binding antibodies were all inversely associated with higher baseline plasma RNAemia. Importantly, the rapid development of spike (S) and its subunit (S1/S2/receptor binding domain)-specific IgG, especially FcγR binding activity, were associated with clearance of RNAemia. These results point to a potentially critical and direct role for SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune clearance on viral dissemination, persistence, and disease outcome, providing novel insights for the development of more effective therapeutics to resolve COVID-19. IMPORTANCE We showed that persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia is an independent predictor of severe COVID-19. We observed that SARS-CoV-2-targeted antibody maturation, specifically Fc-effector functions rather than neutralization, was strongly linked with the ability to rapidly clear viremia. This highlights the critical role of key humoral features in preventing viral dissemination or accelerating viremia clearance and provides insights for the design of next-generation monoclonal therapeutics. The main key points will be that (i) persistent SARS-CoV-2 plasma RNAemia independently predicts severe COVID-19 and (ii) specific humoral immune functions play a critical role in halting viral dissemination and controlling COVID-19 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matteo Gentili
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kathryn A. Bowman
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kyle R. Kays
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Regan
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James P. Flynn
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael R. Filbin
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z. Li
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Zimmerman O, Altman Doss AM, Kaplonek P, Liang CY, VanBlargan LA, Chen RE, Monroy JM, Wedner HJ, Kulczycki A, Mantia TL, O'Shaughnessy CC, Davis-Adams HG, Bertera HL, Adams LJ, Raju S, Zhao FR, Rigell CJ, Dy TB, Kau AL, Ren Z, Turner JS, O'Halloran JA, Presti RM, Fremont DH, Kendall PL, Ellebedy AH, Alter G, Diamond MS. mRNA vaccine boosting enhances antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in individuals with antibody deficiency syndromes. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100653. [PMID: 35688161 PMCID: PMC9179023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with primary antibody deficiency (PAD) syndromes have poor humoral immune responses requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy. We followed individuals with PAD after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination by evaluating their immunoglobulin replacement products and serum for anti-spike binding, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding, and neutralizing activities. The immunoglobulin replacement products tested have low anti-spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) titers and neutralizing activity. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-naive individuals with PAD, anti-spike and RBD titers increase after mRNA vaccination but wane by 90 days. Those vaccinated after SARS-CoV-2 infection develop higher and more sustained responses comparable with healthy donors. Most vaccinated individuals with PAD have serum-neutralizing antibody titers above an estimated correlate of protection against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Delta virus but not against Omicron virus, although this is improved by boosting. Thus, some immunoglobulin replacement products likely have limited protective activity, and immunization and boosting of individuals with PAD with mRNA vaccines should confer at least short-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Marie Monroy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - H James Wedner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anthony Kulczycki
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tarisa L Mantia
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Hannah G Davis-Adams
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harry L Bertera
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lucas J Adams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fang R Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher J Rigell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tiffany Biason Dy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhen Ren
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jackson S Turner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jane A O'Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M Presti
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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9
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Kaplonek P, Cizmeci D, Fischinger S, Collier AR, Suscovich T, Linde C, Broge T, Mann C, Amanat F, Dayal D, Rhee J, de St. Aubin M, Nilles EJ, Musk ER, Menon AS, Saphire EO, Krammer F, Lauffenburger DA, Barouch DH, Alter G. mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines elicit antibodies with differences in Fc-mediated effector functions. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabm2311. [PMID: 35348368 PMCID: PMC8995030 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of several coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has substantially reduced morbidity and mortality in regions of the world where the vaccines have been deployed. However, in the wake of the emergence of viral variants that are able to evade vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, real-world vaccine efficacy has begun to show differences across the two approved mRNA platforms, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273; these findings suggest that subtle variation in immune responses induced by the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines may confer differential protection. Given our emerging appreciation for the importance of additional antibody functions beyond neutralization, we profiled the postboost binding and functional capacity of humoral immune responses induced by the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines in a cohort of hospital staff. Both vaccines induced robust humoral immune responses to wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to variants of concern. However, differences emerged across epitope-specific responses, with higher concentrations of receptor binding domain (RBD)- and N-terminal domain-specific IgA observed in recipients of mRNA-1273. Antibodies eliciting neutrophil phagocytosis and natural killer cell activation were also increased in mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients as compared to BNT162b2 recipients. RBD-specific antibody depletion highlighted the different roles of non-RBD-specific antibody effector functions induced across the mRNA vaccines. These data provide insights into potential differences in protective immunity conferred by these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Ai-ris Collier
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Colin Mann
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diana Dayal
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA 90250, USA
| | - Justin Rhee
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA 90250, USA
| | | | | | - Elon R. Musk
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA 90250, USA
| | - Anil S. Menon
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA 90250, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Kaplonek P, Seeberger PH. Glycan Microarrays Containing Synthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae CPS Fragments and Their Application to Vaccine Development. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2460:193-206. [PMID: 34972938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2148-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading source of life-endangering diseases like pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, as well as a major cause of death in children under 5 years old in developing countries. At least 98 serotypes of S. pneumoniae can be distinguished based on their structurally distinct capsular polysaccharides (CPS). Currently available CPS-based pneumococcal vaccines contain serotypes most frequently associated with invasive pneumococcal diseases. The polysaccharides used in commercial conjugate-vaccines are isolated from bacteria cultures comprising many laborious and operationally challenging steps followed by depolymerization of long polysaccharides into small fragments and their conjugation to the carrier protein. The medicinal chemistry approach for glycoconjugate vaccine development offers an exciting alternative to CPS isolation for a broad range of different glycan antigens. Glycan arrays containing well-defined synthetic glycans of CPS fragments and repeating units are used as a platform for the high-throughput screening of various serum samples and identification of protective glycotopes for vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kaplonek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Kaplonek P, Fischinger S, Cizmeci D, Bartsch YC, Kang J, Burke JS, Shin SA, Dayal D, Martin P, Mann C, Amanat F, Julg B, Nilles EJ, Musk ER, Menon AS, Krammer F, Saphire EO, Andrea Carfi, Alter G. mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced antibodies maintain Fc effector functions across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Immunity 2022; 55:355-365.e4. [PMID: 35090580 PMCID: PMC8733218 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines confer robust protection against COVID-19, but the emergence of variants has generated concerns regarding the protective efficacy of the currently approved vaccines, which lose neutralizing potency against some variants. Emerging data suggest that antibody functions beyond neutralization may contribute to protection from the disease, but little is known about SARS-CoV-2 antibody effector functions. Here, we profiled the binding and functional capacity of convalescent antibodies and Moderna mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies across SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs). Although the neutralizing responses to VOCs decreased in both groups, the Fc-mediated responses were distinct. In convalescent individuals, although antibodies exhibited robust binding to VOCs, they showed compromised interactions with Fc-receptors. Conversely, vaccine-induced antibodies also bound robustly to VOCs but continued to interact with Fc-receptors and mediate antibody effector functions. These data point to a resilience in the mRNA-vaccine-induced humoral immune response that may continue to offer protection from SARS-CoV-2 VOCs independent of neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John S Burke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sally A Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diana Dayal
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | | | - Colin Mann
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Elon R Musk
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Anil S Menon
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica Ollman Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Kaplonek P, Yao L, Reppe K, Voß F, Kohler T, Ebner F, Schäfer A, Blohm U, Priegue P, Bräutigam M, Pereira CL, Parameswarappa SG, Emmadi M, Ménová P, Witzenrath M, Hammerschmidt S, Hartmann S, Sander LE, Seeberger PH. A semisynthetic glycoconjugate provides expanded cross-serotype protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vaccine 2022; 40:1038-1046. [PMID: 35033388 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae)infections are the leading cause of child mortality globally. Currentvaccines fail to induceaprotective immune response towards a conserved part of the pathogen,resulting in newserotypescausing disease. Therefore, new vaccinestrategies are urgently needed.Described is atwo-pronged approach combiningS. pneumoniaeproteins, pneumolysin (Ply) and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA),with aprecisely defined synthetic oligosaccharide,wherebythe carrier protein actsas a serotype-independent antigen to provideadditional protection. Proof of concept in mice and swine modelsrevealed thatthe conjugatesinhibited colonization of the nasopharynx, decreased the bacterial load and reduced disease severity in the bacteria challenge model. Immunization of piglets provided the first evidence for the immunogenicity and protective potential of synthetic glycoconjugate vaccine in a large animal model.Acombination of synthetic oligosaccharides with proteins from the target pathogen opens the path to create broadly cross-protective ("universal") pneumococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kaplonek
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ling Yao
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Voß
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kohler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Patricia Priegue
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Bräutigam
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sharavathi G Parameswarappa
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Madhu Emmadi
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Bartsch YC, St Denis KJ, Kaplonek P, Kang J, Lam EC, Burns MD, Farkas EJ, Davis JP, Boribong BP, Edlow AG, Fasano A, Shreffler W, Zavadska D, Johnson M, Goldblatt D, Balazs AB, Yonker LM, Alter G. Comprehensive antibody profiling of mRNA vaccination in children. bioRxiv 2022:2021.10.07.463592. [PMID: 35018376 PMCID: PMC8750651 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.07.463592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While children have been largely spared from COVID-19 disease, the emergence of viral variants of concern (VOC) with increased transmissibility, combined with fluctuating mask mandates and school re-openings have led to increased infections and disease among children. Thus, there is an urgent need to roll out COVID-19 vaccines to children of all ages. However, whether children respond equivalently to adults to mRNA vaccines and whether dosing will elicit optimal immunity remains unclear. Given the recent announcement of incomplete immunity induced by the pediatric dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in young children, here we aimed to deeply profile and compare the vaccine-induced humoral immune response in 6-11 year old children receiving the pediatric (50μg) or adult (100μg) dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine compared to adults and naturally infected children or children that experienced multi inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) for the first time. Children elicited an IgG dominant vaccine induced immune response, surpassing adults at a matched 100μg dose, but more variable immunity at a 50μg dose. Irrespective of titer, children generated antibodies with enhanced Fc-receptor binding capacity. Moreover, like adults, children generated cross-VOC humoral immunity, marked by a decline of omicron receptor binding domain-binding, but robustly preserved omicron Spike-receptor binding, with robustly preserved Fc-receptor binding capabilities, in a dose dependent manner. These data indicate that while both 50μg and 100μg of mRNA vaccination in children elicits robust cross-VOC antibody responses, 100ug of mRNA in children results in highly preserved omicron-specific functional humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Food Allergy Center, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Madeleine D Burns
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva J Farkas
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jameson P Davis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany P Boribong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wayne Shreffler
- Massachusetts General Hospital Food Allergy Center, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dace Zavadska
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marina Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lael M Yonker
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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14
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Kaplonek P, Wang C, Bartsch Y, Fischinger S, Gorman MJ, Bowman K, Kang J, Dayal D, Martin P, Nowak RP, Villani AC, Hsieh CL, Charland NC, Gonye AL, Gushterova I, Khanna HK, LaSalle TJ, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilley BM, Lodenstein CL, Manakongtreecheep K, Margolin JD, McKaig BN, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Tantivit J, Thomas MF, Sade-Feldman M, Feldman J, Julg B, Nilles EJ, Musk ER, Menon AS, Fischer ES, McLellan JS, Schmidt A, Goldberg MB, Filbin MR, Hacohen N, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G. Early cross-coronavirus reactive signatures of humoral immunity against COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabj2901. [PMID: 34652962 PMCID: PMC8943686 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of vaccines has inspired hope in the battle against SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of viral variants, in the absence of potent antivirals, has left the world struggling with the uncertain nature of this disease. Antibodies currently represent the strongest correlate of immunity against SARS-CoV-2, thus we profiled the earliest humoral signatures in a large cohort of acutely ill (survivors and nonsurvivors) and mild or asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19. Although a SARS-CoV-2–specific immune response evolved rapidly in survivors of COVID-19, nonsurvivors exhibited blunted and delayed humoral immune evolution, particularly with respect to S2-specific antibodies. Given the conservation of S2 across β-coronaviruses, we found that the early development of SARS-CoV-2–specific immunity occurred in tandem with preexisting common β-coronavirus OC43 humoral immunity in survivors, which was also selectively expanded in individuals that develop a paucisymptomatic infection. These data point to the importance of cross-coronavirus immunity as a correlate of protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yannic Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Diana Dayal
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Martin
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Radoslaw P. Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicole C. Charland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna L.K. Gonye
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irena Gushterova
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hargun K. Khanna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. LaSalle
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brendan M. Lilley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl L. Lodenstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasidet Manakongtreecheep
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin D. Margolin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenna N. McKaig
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maricarmen Rojas-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian C. Russo
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nihaarika Sharma
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Tantivit
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly F. Thomas
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Elon R. Musk
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Anil S. Menon
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Eric S. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcia B. Goldberg
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R. Filbin
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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LaSalle TJ, Gonye ALK, Freeman SS, Kaplonek P, Gushterova I, Kays KR, Manakongtreecheep K, Tantivit J, Rojas-Lopez M, Russo BC, Sharma N, Thomas MF, Lavin-Parsons KM, Lilly BM, Mckaig BN, Charland NC, Khanna HK, Lodenstein CL, Margolin JD, Blaum EM, Lirofonis PB, Sonny A, Bhattacharyya RP, Parry BA, Goldberg MB, Alter G, Filbin MR, Villani AC, Hacohen N, Sade-Feldman M. Longitudinal characterization of circulating neutrophils uncovers distinct phenotypes associated with disease severity in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34642692 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.04.463121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified an association between neutrophils and COVID-19 disease severity; however, the mechanistic basis of this association remains incompletely understood. Here we collected 781 longitudinal blood samples from 306 hospitalized COVID-19 + patients, 78 COVID-19 âˆ' acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, and 8 healthy controls, and performed bulk RNA-sequencing of enriched neutrophils, plasma proteomics, cfDNA measurements and high throughput antibody profiling assays to investigate the relationship between neutrophil states and disease severity or death. We identified dynamic switches between six distinct neutrophil subtypes using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering. At days 3 and 7 post-hospitalization, patients with severe disease had an enrichment of a granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cell-like state gene expression signature, while non-severe patients with resolved disease were enriched for a progenitor-like immature neutrophil state signature. Severe disease was associated with gene sets related to neutrophil degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) signatures, distinct metabolic signatures, and enhanced neutrophil activation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that the majority of patients had a transient interferon-stimulated gene signature upon presentation to the emergency department (ED) defined here as Day 0, regardless of disease severity, which persisted only in patients who subsequently died. Humoral responses were identified as potential drivers of neutrophil effector functions, as enhanced antibody-dependent neutrophil phagocytosis and reduced NETosis was associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG1-to-IgA1 ratios in plasma of severe patients who survived. In vitro experiments confirmed that while patient-derived IgG antibodies mostly drove neutrophil phagocytosis and ROS production in healthy donor neutrophils, patient-derived IgA antibodies induced a predominant NETosis response. Overall, our study demonstrates neutrophil dysregulation in severe COVID-19 and a potential role for IgA-dominant responses in driving neutrophil effector functions in severe disease and mortality.
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16
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Kaplonek P, Cizmeci D, Fischinger S, Collier AR, Suscovich T, Linde C, Broge T, Mann C, Amanat F, Dayal D, Rhee J, de St. Aubin M, Nilles EJ, Musk ER, Menon AS, Saphire EO, Krammer F, Lauffenburger DA, Barouch DH, Alter G. Subtle immunological differences in mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine induced Fc-functional profiles. bioRxiv 2021:2021.08.31.458247. [PMID: 34494026 PMCID: PMC8423223 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.31.458247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The successful development of several COVID-19 vaccines has substantially reduced morbidity and mortality in regions of the world where the vaccines have been deployed. However, in the wake of the emergence of viral variants, able to evade vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies, real world vaccine efficacy has begun to show differences across the mRNA platforms, suggesting that subtle variation in immune responses induced by the BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 vaccines may provide differential protection. Given our emerging appreciation for the importance of additional antibody functions, beyond neutralization, here we profiled the postboost binding and functional capacity of the humoral response induced by the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 in a cohort of hospital staff. Both vaccines induced robust humoral immune responses to WT SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs. However, differences emerged across epitopespecific responses, with higher RBD- and NTD-specific IgA, as well as functional antibodies (ADNP and ADNK) in mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients. Additionally, RBD-specific antibody depletion highlighted the different roles of non-RBD-specific antibody effector function induced across the mRNA vaccines, providing novel insights into potential differences in protective immunity generated across these vaccines in the setting of newly emerging VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ai-ris Collier
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - Colin Mann
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Dayal
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Justin Rhee
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Elon R. Musk
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Anil S. Menon
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dan H. Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Kim AS, Kafai NM, Winkler ES, Gilliland TC, Cottle EL, Earnest JT, Jethva PN, Kaplonek P, Shah AP, Fong RH, Davidson E, Malonis RJ, Quiroz JA, Williamson LE, Vang L, Mack M, Crowe JE, Doranz BJ, Lai JR, Alter G, Gross ML, Klimstra WB, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Pan-protective anti-alphavirus human antibodies target a conserved E1 protein epitope. Cell 2021; 184:4414-4429.e19. [PMID: 34416146 PMCID: PMC8382027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are emerging, mosquito-transmitted pathogens that cause musculoskeletal and neurological disease in humans. Although neutralizing antibodies that inhibit individual alphaviruses have been described, broadly reactive antibodies that protect against both arthritogenic and encephalitic alphaviruses have not been reported. Here, we identify DC2.112 and DC2.315, two pan-protective yet poorly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that avidly bind to viral antigen on the surface of cells infected with arthritogenic and encephalitic alphaviruses. These mAbs engage a conserved epitope in domain II of the E1 protein proximal to and within the fusion peptide. Treatment with DC2.112 or DC2.315 protects mice against infection by both arthritogenic (chikungunya and Mayaro) and encephalitic (Venezuelan, Eastern, and Western equine encephalitis) alphaviruses through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of viral egress and monocyte-dependent Fc effector functions. These findings define a conserved epitope recognized by weakly neutralizing yet protective antibodies that could be targeted for pan-alphavirus immunotherapy and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Natasha M Kafai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theron C Gilliland
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Emily L Cottle
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - James T Earnest
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Prashant N Jethva
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aadit P Shah
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel H Fong
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jose A Quiroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Lauren E Williamson
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lo Vang
- Emergent BioSolutions, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael L Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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18
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Kaplonek P, Wang C, Bartsch Y, Fischinger S, Gorman MJ, Bowman K, Kang J, Dayal D, Martin P, Nowak R, Hsieh CL, Feldman J, Julg B, Nilles EJ, Musk ER, Menon AS, Fischer ES, McLellan JS, Schmidt A, Goldberg MB, Filbin M, Hacohen N, Lauffenburger DA, Alter G. Early cross-coronavirus reactive signatures of protective humoral immunity against COVID-19. bioRxiv 2021:2021.05.11.443609. [PMID: 34013263 PMCID: PMC8132219 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.11.443609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of vaccines has inspired new hope in the battle against SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of viral variants, in the absence of potent antivirals, has left the world struggling with the uncertain nature of this disease. Antibodies currently represent the strongest correlate of immunity against COVID-19, thus we profiled the earliest humoral signatures in a large cohort of severe and asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals. While a SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response evolved rapidly in survivors of COVID-19, non-survivors exhibited blunted and delayed humoral immune evolution, particularly with respect to S2-specific antibody evolution. Given the conservation of S2 across β-coronaviruses, we found the early development of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity occurred in tandem with pre-existing common β-coronavirus OC43 humoral immunity in survivors, which was selectively also expanded in individuals that develop paucisymptomatic infection. These data point to the importance of cross-coronavirus immunity as a correlate of protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - Yannic Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, USA
- Brigham Women's Hospital, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Broad Institute, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason S McLellan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
- Space Exploration Technologies Corp, USA
- Brigham Women's Hospital, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Broad Institute, USA
| | - Aaron Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Nir Hacohen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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19
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Kaneko N, Kuo HH, Boucau J, Farmer JR, Allard-Chamard H, Mahajan VS, Piechocka-Trocha A, Lefteri K, Osborn M, Bals J, Bartsch YC, Bonheur N, Caradonna TM, Chevalier J, Chowdhury F, Diefenbach TJ, Einkauf K, Fallon J, Feldman J, Finn KK, Garcia-Broncano P, Hartana CA, Hauser BM, Jiang C, Kaplonek P, Karpell M, Koscher EC, Lian X, Liu H, Liu J, Ly NL, Michell AR, Rassadkina Y, Seiger K, Sessa L, Shin S, Singh N, Sun W, Sun X, Ticheli HJ, Waring MT, Zhu AL, Alter G, Li JZ, Lingwood D, Schmidt AG, Lichterfeld M, Walker BD, Yu XG, Padera RF, Pillai S. Loss of Bcl-6-Expressing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Centers in COVID-19. Cell 2020; 183:143-157.e13. [PMID: 32877699 PMCID: PMC7437499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often of limited durability, as seen with other human coronavirus epidemics. To address the underlying etiology, we examined post mortem thoracic lymph nodes and spleens in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed the absence of germinal centers and a striking reduction in Bcl-6+ germinal center B cells but preservation of AID+ B cells. Absence of germinal centers correlated with an early specific block in Bcl-6+ TFH cell differentiation together with an increase in T-bet+ TH1 cells and aberrant extra-follicular TNF-α accumulation. Parallel peripheral blood studies revealed loss of transitional and follicular B cells in severe disease and accumulation of SARS-CoV-2-specific "disease-related" B cell populations. These data identify defective Bcl-6+ TFH cell generation and dysregulated humoral immune induction early in COVID-19 disease, providing a mechanistic explanation for the limited durability of antibody responses in coronavirus infections, and suggest that achieving herd immunity through natural infection may be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kaneko
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hsuan Kuo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Farmer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke et Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alicja Piechocka-Trocha
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Kristina Lefteri
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Osborn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia Bals
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nathalie Bonheur
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Josh Chevalier
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fatema Chowdhury
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kevin Einkauf
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jon Fallon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kelsey K Finn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Blake M Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marshall Karpell
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric C Koscher
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hang Liu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinqing Liu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ngoc L Ly
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ashlin R Michell
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kyra Seiger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Libera Sessa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nishant Singh
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hannah J Ticheli
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael T Waring
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Alex L Zhu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Biology and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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20
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Kaneko N, Kuo HH, Boucau J, Farmer JR, Allard-Chamard H, Mahajan VS, Piechocka-Trocha A, Lefteri K, Osborn M, Bals J, Bartsch YC, Bonheur N, Caradonna TM, Chevalier J, Chowdhury F, Diefenbach TJ, Einkauf K, Fallon J, Feldman J, Finn KK, Garcia-Broncano P, Hartana CA, Hauser BM, Jiang C, Kaplonek P, Karpell M, Koscher EC, Lian X, Liu H, Liu J, Ly NL, Michell AR, Rassadkina Y, Seiger K, Sessa L, Shin S, Singh N, Sun W, Sun X, Ticheli HJ, Waring MT, Zhu AL, Li J, Lingwood D, Schmidt AG, Lichterfeld M, Walker BD, Yu X, Padera RF, Pillai S. The Loss of Bcl-6 Expressing T Follicular Helper Cells and the Absence of Germinal Centers in COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020:3652322. [PMID: 32742244 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3652322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral responses in COVID-19 disease are often of limited durability, as seen with other human coronavirus epidemics. To address the underlying etiology, we examined postmortem thoracic lymph nodes and spleens in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed the absence of germinal centers, a striking reduction in Bcl-6+ germinal center B cells but preservation of AID+ B cells. Absence of germinal centers correlated with an early specific block in Bcl-6+TFH cell differentiation together with an increase in T-bet+TH1 cells and aberrant extra-follicular TNF-a accumulation. Parallel peripheral blood studies revealed loss of transitional and follicular B cells in severe disease and accumulation of SARS-CoV-2-specific "disease-related" B cell populations. These data identify defective Bcl-6+TFH cell generation and dysregulated humoral immune induction early in COVID-19 disease, providing a mechanistic explanation for the limited durability of antibody responses in coronavirus infections and suggest that achieving herd immunity through natural infection may be difficult. Funding: This work was supported by NIH U19 AI110495 to SP, NIH R01 AI146779 to AGS, NIH R01AI137057 and DP2DA042422 to DL, BMH was supported by NIGMS T32 GM007753, TMC was supported by T32 AI007245. Funding for these studies from the Massachusetts Consortium of Pathogen Readiness, the Mark and Lisa Schwartz Foundation and Enid Schwartz is also acknowledged. Conflict of Interest: None. Ethical Approval: This study was performed with the approval of the Institutional Review Boards at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Brigham and Women's Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kaneko
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hsiao-Hsuan Kuo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Farmer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé de l' Université de Sherbrooke et Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alicja Piechocka-Trocha
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD, 20815
| | - Kristina Lefteri
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matt Osborn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia Bals
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nathalie Bonheur
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Josh Chevalier
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fatema Chowdhury
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kevin Einkauf
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jon Fallon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kelsey K Finn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Blake M Hauser
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marshall Karpell
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Eric C Koscher
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hang Liu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinqing Liu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ngoc L Ly
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ashlin R Michell
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Kyra Seiger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Libera Sessa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sally Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nishant Singh
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hannah J Ticheli
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael T Waring
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD, 20815
| | - Alex L Zhu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Matthias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase MD, 20815.,Department of Biology and Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Xu Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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21
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Roderer D, Bröcker F, Sitsel O, Kaplonek P, Leidreiter F, Seeberger PH, Raunser S. Glycan-dependent cell adhesion mechanism of Tc toxins. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2694. [PMID: 32483155 PMCID: PMC7264150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxin complex (Tc) toxins are virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria. Tcs are composed of three subunits: TcA, TcB and TcC. TcA facilitates receptor–toxin interaction and membrane permeation, TcB and TcC form a toxin-encapsulating cocoon. While the mechanisms of holotoxin assembly and pore formation have been described, little is known about receptor binding of TcAs. Here, we identify heparins/heparan sulfates and Lewis antigens as receptors for different TcAs from insect and human pathogens. Glycan array screening reveals that all tested TcAs bind negatively charged heparins. Cryo-EM structures of Morganella morganii TcdA4 and Xenorhabdus nematophila XptA1 reveal that heparins/heparan sulfates unexpectedly bind to different regions of the shell domain, including receptor-binding domains. In addition, Photorhabdus luminescens TcdA1 binds to Lewis antigens with micromolar affinity. Here, the glycan interacts with the receptor-binding domain D of the toxin. Our results suggest a glycan dependent association mechanism of Tc toxins on the host cell surface. Although Tc toxins are a major class of bacterial toxin translocation systems, little is known about their receptor binding. Here, the authors identify heparins/heparan sulfates and Lewis antigens as receptors for different Tc toxins, determine cryo-EM structures of three toxin-glycan complexes and propose a two-step cell adhesion mechanism for Tc toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roderer
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Felix Bröcker
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Vaxxilon Deutschland GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg Sitsel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Franziska Leidreiter
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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22
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Broecker F, Wegner E, Seco BMS, Kaplonek P, Bräutigam M, Ensser A, Pfister F, Daniel C, Martin CE, Mattner J, Seeberger PH. Synthetic Oligosaccharide-Based Vaccines Protect Mice from Clostridioides difficile Infections. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2720-2728. [PMID: 31692324 PMCID: PMC6929054 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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Infections with Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) have increased
in incidence, morbidity,
and mortality over the past decade. Preventing infections is becoming
increasingly important, as frontline antibiotics become less effective
and frequently induce recurrence by disrupting intestinal microbiota.
The clinically most advanced vaccine approaches prevent symptoms once C. difficile infection is established by inducing immunity
to secreted clostridial cytotoxins. However, they do not inhibit bacterial
colonization and thereby favor asymptomatic carriage. Synthetic oligosaccharides
resembling the C. difficile surface glycans PS-I,
PS-II, and PS-III are immunogenic and serve as basis for colonization-preventing
vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that glycoconjugate vaccine candidates
based on synthetic oligosaccharides protected mice from infections
with two different C. difficile strains. Four synthetic
antigens, ranging in size from disaccharides to hexasaccharides, were
conjugated to CRM197, which is a carrier protein used in
commercial vaccines. The vaccine candidates induced glycan-specific
antibodies in mice and substantially limited C. difficile colonization and colitis after experimental infection. The glycoconjugates
ameliorated intestinal pathology more substantially than a toxin-targeting
vaccine. Colonization of the gut by C. difficile was
selectively inhibited while intestinal microbiota remained preserved.
Passive transfer experiments with anti-PS-I serum revealed that protection
is mediated by specific antiglycan antibodies; however, cell-mediated
immunity likely also contributed to protection in vivo. Thus, glycoconjugate vaccines against C. difficile are a complementary approach to toxin-targeting strategies and are
advancing through preclinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Broecker
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Wegner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut−Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bruna M. S. Seco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Bräutigam
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Virologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederick Pfister
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher E. Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut−Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Schumann B, Reppe K, Kaplonek P, Wahlbrink A, Anish C, Witzenrath M, Pereira CL, Seeberger PH. Development of an Efficacious, Semisynthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Candidate against Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 1. ACS Cent Sci 2018; 4:357-361. [PMID: 29632881 PMCID: PMC5879475 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae are a major health burden. Glycoconjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) successfully protect from infection, but not all pneumococcal serotypes are covered with equal potency. Marketed glycoconjugate vaccines induce low levels of functional antibodies against the highly invasive serotype 1 (ST1), presumably due to the obscuring of protective epitopes during chemical activation and conjugation to carrier proteins. Synthetic oligosaccharide antigens can be designed to carry linkers for site-selective protein conjugation while keeping protective epitopes intact. Here, we developed an efficacious semisynthetic ST1 glycoconjugate vaccine candidate. A panel of synthetic oligosaccharides served to reveal a critical role of the rare aminosugar, 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-galactose (d-AAT), for ST1 immune recognition. A monovalent ST1 trisaccharide carrying d-AAT at the nonreducing end induced a strong antibacterial immune response in rabbits and outperformed the ST1 component of the multivalent blockbuster vaccine Prevenar 13, paving the way for a more efficacious vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schumann
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Division
of Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary
Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin
Berlin, Charitéplatz
1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Wahlbrink
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Division
of Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary
Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin
Berlin, Charitéplatz
1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claney L. Pereira
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail: ; Tel: +49 331 567-9300
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24
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Schumann B, Hahm HS, Parameswarappa SG, Reppe K, Wahlbrink A, Govindan S, Kaplonek P, Pirofski LA, Witzenrath M, Anish C, Pereira CL, Seeberger PH. A semisynthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 glycoconjugate vaccine. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/380/eaaf5347. [PMID: 28275152 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae successfully protect from disease but suffer from incomplete coverage, are troublesome to manufacture from isolated CPSs, and lack efficacy against certain serotypes. Defined, synthetic oligosaccharides are an attractive alternative to isolated CPSs but require the identification of immunogenic and protective oligosaccharide antigens. We describe a medicinal chemistry strategy based on a combination of automated glycan assembly (AGA), glycan microarray-based monoclonal antibody (mAb) reverse engineering, and immunological evaluation in vivo to uncover a protective glycan epitope (glycotope) for S. pneumoniae serotype 8 (ST8). All four tetrasaccharide frameshifts of ST8 CPS were prepared by AGA and used in glycan microarray experiments to identify the glycotopes recognized by antibodies against ST8. One tetrasaccharide frameshift that was preferentially recognized by a protective, CPS-directed mAb was conjugated to the carrier protein CRM197. Immunization of mice with this semisynthetic glycoconjugate followed by generation and characterization of a protective mAb identified protective and nonprotective glycotopes. Immunization of rabbits with semisynthetic ST8 glycoconjugates containing protective glycotopes induced an antibacterial immune response. Coformulation of ST8 glycoconjugates with the marketed 13-valent glycoconjugate vaccine Prevnar 13 yielded a potent 14-valent S. pneumoniae vaccine. Our strategy presents a facile approach to develop efficient semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schumann
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heung Sik Hahm
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Reppe
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Wahlbrink
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Subramanian Govindan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany. .,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Zhang Q, Savagatrup S, Kaplonek P, Seeberger PH, Swager TM. Janus Emulsions for the Detection of Bacteria. ACS Cent Sci 2017; 3:309-313. [PMID: 28470048 PMCID: PMC5408331 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Janus emulsion assays that rely on carbohydrate-lectin binding for the detection of Escherichia coli bacteria are described. Surfactants containing mannose are self-assembled at the surface of Janus droplets to produce particles with lectin binding sites. Janus droplets orient in a vertical direction as a result of the difference in densities between the hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon solvents. Binding of lectin to mannose(s) causes agglutination and a tilted geometry. The distinct optical difference between naturally aligned and agglutinated Janus droplets produces signals that can be detected quantitatively. The Janus emulsion assay sensitively and selectively binds to E. coli at 104 cfu/mL and can be easily prepared with long-time stability. It provides the basis for the development of inexpensive portable devices for fast, on-site pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Timothy M. Swager
- Department
of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- E-mail:
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26
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Szczerba BM, Kaplonek P, Wolska N, Podsiadlowska A, Rybakowska PD, Dey P, Rasmussen A, Grundahl K, Hefner KS, Stone DU, Young S, Lewis DM, Radfar L, Scofield RH, Sivils KL, Bagavant H, Deshmukh US. Interaction between innate immunity and Ro52-induced antibody causes Sjögren's syndrome-like disorder in mice. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:617-22. [PMID: 25906316 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoantibodies reactive with Ro52 are often found in sera of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This study was undertaken to investigate the role of Ro52-induced immune responses in pathogenesis of SS. METHODS New Zealand Mixed (NZM) 2758 mice were immunised with Ro52 in alum adjuvant. Control mice were immunised either with maltose-binding protein or injected with alum alone. Mice were monitored for anti-Ro52 antibody, sialoadenitis and pilocarpine-induced salivation. Antibody binding to salivary gland (SG) cells was analysed in vivo and in vitro by immunofluorescence. Sera from immunised mice were passively transferred into untreated or alum injected NZM2758 mice. RESULTS By day 30 post-immunisation, Ro52 immunised mice generated immunoprecipitating anti-Ro52 antibodies and they had the maximum drop in saliva production. Both Ro52 immunised and control mice showed evidence of mild sialoadenitis. However, only Ro52 immunised mice had antibody deposition in their SG. Passive transfer of Ro52-immune sera induced SG dysfunction in recipient mice, only if the recipients were primed with alum. In vitro, antibodies from Ro52-immune sera were internalised by a SG cell line and this uptake was inhibited by cytochalasin D treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data show for the first time that antibodies induced by Ro52 are capable of inducing SG dysfunction, and that this phenomenon is dependent on the activation of innate immunity. The mouse model described in this study implies that autoantibody deposition in the SG might be an important step in the induction of xerostomia and pathogenesis of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Szczerba
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Nina Wolska
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Anna Podsiadlowska
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paulina D Rybakowska
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paromita Dey
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Donald U Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stephen Young
- University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - David M Lewis
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lida Radfar
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Department of Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Harini Bagavant
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Umesh S Deshmukh
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Deshmukh U, Szczerba B, Kaplonek P, Rybakowska P, Bagavant H. Anti-TRIM21 autoantibody and inflammasome interaction in pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome (BA3P.200). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.44.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder mainly affecting the exocrine glands and is commonly associated with autoantibodies to TRIM21. This study was undertaken to determine the role of TRIM21-reactive antibodies in pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome. NZM mouse strains (2758, 2328, 2410) were immunized with recombinant TRIM21 protein adsorbed on to alum. Mice were monitored for autoantibodies, serum cytokines and pilocarpine induced salivation. Although all NZM mouse strains generated a robust anti-TRIM21 antibody response, salivary gland dysfunction only occurred in the NZM2758 mice. Moreover, alum immunized NZM2758 mice also displayed some loss of glandular function. Serum levels of IL-1α and CXCL1 were upregulated in alum and alum-TRIM21 treated groups of NZM2758 mice. In contrast, levels of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17 were upregulated, only in the alum-TRIM21 treated mice. Antibodies from TRIM21 immunized mice penetrated live cells in vitro, and showed cytoplasmic staining. Passive transfer of sera from TRIM21 immunized mice induced salivary gland dysfunction in recipient mice, only if the recipients were pre primed with alum. Our study shows that in a genetically susceptible mouse strain, anti-TRIM21 antibodies directly affected salivary gland function and this phenomenon was dependent on the activation of inflammasome pathway. Thus, interaction between innate and adaptive immunity is critical for pathogenesis of Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Deshmukh
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Paulina Kaplonek
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Paulina Rybakowska
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Harini Bagavant
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK
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Bagavant H, Nandula SR, Kaplonek P, Rybakowska PD, Deshmukh US. Alum, an aluminum-based adjuvant, induces Sjögren's syndrome-like disorder in mice. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2014; 32:251-255. [PMID: 24739520 PMCID: PMC3990870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adjuvant-induced innate immune responses have been suspected to play a role in the initiation of certain autoimmune disorders. This study investigates the role of alum, an aluminum-based adjuvant in the induction of Sjögren's syndrome-like disorder in mice. METHODS Inbred, female New Zealand Mixed (NZM) 2758 strain of mice were injected with alum. Control mice were treated similarly with PBS. The mice were monitored for salivary gland dysfunction by measuring pilocarpine-induced salivation. Presence of lymphocytic infiltrates within the submandibular glands was studied by histopathology. Autoantibodies to Ro and La proteins were analysed by ELISA and the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) was analysed by indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS By eight weeks after treatment, the saliva production in the alum-treated mice was significantly decreased in comparison to the PBS-treated mice. This functional loss persisted till the termination of experiments at 20 wks. The incidence and severity of sialoadenitis was significantly higher in the alum-treated mice. Although there were no differences in the levels of anti-Ro/La autoantibodies in sera of alum and PBS-treated groups, the alum group showed higher ANA reactivity. CONCLUSIONS In the NZM2758 mice, alum induces a Sjögren's syndrome-like disorder that is characterised by chronic salivary gland dysfunction and the presence of lymphocytic infiltrates within the salivary glands. Thus, the potential of aluminum-based adjuvants for induction of autoimmunity should be closely monitored in individuals genetically susceptible to developing autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bagavant
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA and Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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