1
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Shehata HM, Dogra P, Gierke S, Holder P, Sanjabi S. Efbalropendekin Alfa enhances human natural killer cell cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines in vitro. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341804. [PMID: 38515757 PMCID: PMC10954783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-15 has shown preclinical activity by enhancing the functional maturation of natural killer (NK) cells. Clinical evaluation of the potential anticancer activity of most cytokines, including IL-15, has been limited by low tolerability and rapid in vivo clearance. Efbalropendekin Alfa (XmAb24306) is a soluble IL15/IL15-receptor alpha heterodimer complex fused to a half-life extended Fc domain (IL15/IL15Rα-Fc), engineered with mutations to reduce IL-15 affinity for CD122. Reduced affinity drives lower potency, leading to prolonged pharmacodynamic response in cynomolgus monkeys. We show that in vitro, human NK cells treated with XmAb24306 demonstrate enhanced cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines. XmAb24306-treated NK cells also exhibit enhanced killing of 3D colorectal cancer spheroids. Daratumumab (dara), a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets CD38 results in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of both multiple myeloma (MM) cells and NK cells. Addition of XmAb24306 increases dara-mediated NK cell ADCC against various MM cell lines in vitro. Because NK cells express CD38, XmAb24306 increases dara-mediated NK cell fratricide, but overall does not negatively impact the ADCC activity against a MM cell line likely due to increased NK cell activity of the surviving cells. These data show that XmAb24306 increases direct and ADCC-mediated human NK cell cytotoxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M. Shehata
- Department of Translational Medicine Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Translational Medicine Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Gierke
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Holder
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Department of Translational Medicine Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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2
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Connors TJ, Matsumoto R, Verma S, Szabo PA, Guyer R, Gray J, Wang Z, Thapa P, Dogra P, Poon MML, Rybkina K, Bradley MC, Idzikowski E, McNichols J, Kubota M, Pethe K, Shen Y, Atkinson MA, Brusko M, Brusko TM, Yates AJ, Sims PA, Farber DL. Site-specific development and progressive maturation of human tissue-resident memory T cells over infancy and childhood. Immunity 2023; 56:1894-1909.e5. [PMID: 37421943 PMCID: PMC10527943 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Infancy and childhood are critical life stages for generating immune memory to protect against pathogens; however, the timing, location, and pathways for memory development in humans remain elusive. Here, we investigated T cells in mucosal sites, lymphoid tissues, and blood from 96 pediatric donors aged 0-10 years using phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic profiling. Our results revealed that memory T cells preferentially localized in the intestines and lungs during infancy and accumulated more rapidly in mucosal sites compared with blood and lymphoid organs, consistent with site-specific antigen exposure. Early life mucosal memory T cells exhibit distinct functional capacities and stem-like transcriptional profiles. In later childhood, they progressively adopt proinflammatory functions and tissue-resident signatures, coincident with increased T cell receptor (TCR) clonal expansion in mucosal and lymphoid sites. Together, our findings identify staged development of memory T cells targeted to tissues during the formative years, informing how we might promote and monitor immunity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shivali Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rebecca Guyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maya M L Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ksenia Rybkina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marissa C Bradley
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emma Idzikowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James McNichols
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kalpana Pethe
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maigan Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew J Yates
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Mulik S, Dogra P, Jabrane-Ferrat N. Editorial: NK cells in viral immunology and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216158. [PMID: 37287980 PMCID: PMC10242162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Mulik
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco CA, United States
| | - Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5051, Institut National de la Santé et De la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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4
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Rancan C, Arias-Badia M, Dogra P, Chen B, Aran D, Yang H, Luong D, Ilano A, Li J, Chang H, Kwek SS, Zhang L, Lanier LL, Meng MV, Farber DL, Fong L. Exhausted intratumoral Vδ2 - γδ T cells in human kidney cancer retain effector function. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:612-624. [PMID: 36928415 PMCID: PMC10063448 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells reside within human tissues including tumors, but their function in mediating antitumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibition is unknown. Here we show that kidney cancers are infiltrated by Vδ2- γδ T cells, with equivalent representation of Vδ1+ and Vδ1- cells, that are distinct from γδ T cells found in normal human tissues. These tumor-resident Vδ2- T cells can express the transcriptional program of exhausted αβ CD8+ T cells as well as canonical markers of terminal T-cell exhaustion including PD-1, TIGIT and TIM-3. Although Vδ2- γδ T cells have reduced IL-2 production, they retain expression of cytolytic effector molecules and co-stimulatory receptors such as 4-1BB. Exhausted Vδ2- γδ T cells are composed of three distinct populations that lack TCF7, are clonally expanded and express cytotoxic molecules and multiple Vδ2- T-cell receptors. Human tumor-derived Vδ2- γδ T cells maintain cytotoxic function and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro. The transcriptional program of Vδ2- T cells in pretreatment tumor biopsies was used to predict subsequent clinical responses to PD-1 blockade in patients with cancer. Thus, Vδ2- γδ T cells within the tumor microenvironment can contribute to antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rancan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcel Arias-Badia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dvir Aran
- The Taub Faculty of Computer Science and Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hai Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diamond Luong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arielle Ilano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacky Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hewitt Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Serena S Kwek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell V Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Caron DP, Poon MM, Wang Z, Meng W, Lam N, Szabo PA, Wells SB, Thapa P, Dogra P, Lee B, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Rahman A, Luning Prak ET, Sims P, Shen Y, Farber DL. Human T cells in barrier sites exhibit site-specific characteristics and clonal compartmentalization. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.57.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The skin, gut, and lung are critical physical and immune barriers that protect from pathogen entry. Within these sites, T cell memory is largely maintained by populations of tissue resident memory T cells (TRMs), capable of rapid protective responses. The degree of interconnection between these TRMs from various sites of residence is poorly understood, particularly in humans. Here, we analyze how tissue specificity affects transcriptional heterogeneity and the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire across 9 tissue sites within individual donors, including barrier sites (skin, gut, and lung) and associated lymph nodes, as well as blood and lymphoid organs (blood, bone marrow, spleen). Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and single cell RNA sequencing reveal phenotypic and transcriptomic features unique to skin or gut T cells, which are distinct from T cells in lymphoid sites or blood. These results were reflected in both bulk sequencing of TRBV gene rearrangement and single cell TCR sequencing, where skin and gut T cells exhibited site-specific clonal expansions that were not present in other sites. Conversely, lung T cells showed clonal overlap and transcriptional similarity to T cells in lymphoid and blood rich sites. Site-specific expansions were mediated by TRMs, while clones disseminated across tissues exhibit large clonal expansions and a CD8 terminal effector (TEMRA) phenotype. Together, these results reveal that TRMs in barrier sites are maintained in situ, while memory T cells in the lung, blood-rich and lymphoid sites are more interconnected. Blood T cells are not representative of barrier T cell clonal space. These results have important implications for monitoring and promoting barrier immunity through site-specific targeting.
Supported by grants from NIH (P01 AI106697)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nora Lam
- 1Columbia University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian Lee
- 3Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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6
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Chait M, Yilmaz MM, Shakil S, Ku AW, Dogra P, Connors TJ, Szabo PA, Gray JI, Wells SB, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Poon MM, Snyder ME, Baldwin MR, Sims PA, Saqi A, Farber DL, Weisberg SP. Immune and epithelial determinants of age-related risk and alveolar injury in fatal COVID-19. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157608. [PMID: 35446789 PMCID: PMC9228710 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory failure in COVID-19 is characterized by widespread disruption of the lung’s alveolar gas exchange interface. To elucidate determinants of alveolar lung damage, we performed epithelial and immune cell profiling in lungs from 24 COVID-19 autopsies and 43 uninfected organ donors ages 18–92 years. We found marked loss of type 2 alveolar epithelial (T2AE) cells and increased perialveolar lymphocyte cytotoxicity in all fatal COVID-19 cases, even at early stages before typical patterns of acute lung injury are histologically apparent. In lungs from uninfected organ donors, there was also progressive loss of T2AE cells with increasing age, which may increase susceptibility to COVID-19–mediated lung damage in older individuals. In the fatal COVID-19 cases, macrophage infiltration differed according to the histopathological pattern of lung injury. In cases with acute lung injury, we found accumulation of CD4+ macrophages that expressed distinctly high levels of T cell activation and costimulation genes and strongly correlated with increased extent of alveolar epithelial cell depletion and CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Together, our results show that T2AE cell deficiency may underlie age-related COVID-19 risk and initiate alveolar dysfunction shortly after infection, and we define immune cell mediators that may contribute to alveolar injury in distinct pathological stages of fatal COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chait
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Mine M Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Shanila Shakil
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Amy W Ku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven B Wells
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Maya Ml Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Iring Medical Ceter, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Stuart P Weisberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States of America
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7
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Poon MML, Byington E, Meng W, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Dogra P, Lam N, Szabo PA, Ural BB, Wells SB, Rosenfeld AM, Brusko MA, Brusko TM, Connors TJ, Sette A, Sims PA, Luning Prak ET, Shen Y, Farber DL. Heterogeneity of human anti-viral immunity shaped by virus, tissue, age, and sex. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110071. [PMID: 34852222 PMCID: PMC8719595 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of anti-viral immunity is essential for protection and exhibits profound heterogeneity across individuals. Here, we elucidate the factors that shape maintenance and function of anti-viral T cell immunity in the body by comprehensive profiling of virus-specific T cells across blood, lymphoid organs, and mucosal tissues of organ donors. We use flow cytometry, T cell receptor sequencing, single-cell transcriptomics, and cytokine analysis to profile virus-specific CD8+ T cells recognizing the ubiquitous pathogens influenza and cytomegalovirus. Our results reveal that virus specificity determines overall magnitude, tissue distribution, differentiation, and clonal repertoire of virus-specific T cells. Age and sex influence T cell differentiation and dissemination in tissues, while T cell tissue residence and functionality are highly correlated with the site. Together, our results demonstrate how the covariates of virus, tissue, age, and sex impact the anti-viral immune response, which is important for targeting, monitoring, and predicting immune responses to existing and emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M L Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eve Byington
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nora Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Basak Burcu Ural
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven B Wells
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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8
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Poon MML, Rybkina K, Kato Y, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Bloom NI, Zhang Z, Hastie KM, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Wells SB, Ural BB, Lam N, Szabo PA, Dogra P, Lee YS, Gray JI, Bradley MC, Brusko MA, Brusko TM, Saphire EO, Connors TJ, Sette A, Crotty S, Farber DL. SARS-CoV-2 infection generates tissue-localized immunological memory in humans. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabl9105. [PMID: 34618554 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl9105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M L Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ksenia Rybkina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yu Kato
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nathaniel I Bloom
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zeli Zhang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven B Wells
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Basak B Ural
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nora Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yoon S Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marissa C Bradley
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Erica O Saphire
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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9
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Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells are critical for innate defense against pathogens through direct cytotoxicity of infected cells and are the predominant immune cell at the maternal-fetal interface. In this issue of Cell, Crespo et al. show that human NK cells in the decidual region of the uterus can clear a bacterial infection from the developing fetus by infusion of granulysin into placental trophoblast cells via nanotubes, thus removing the intracellular pathogen without damage to the placental cell. These findings reveal a mechanism for targeted immune protection of the developing fetus that maintains tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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10
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Poon MM, Byington E, Meng W, Dogra P, Lam N, Szabo PA, Ural B, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Sette A, Shen Y, Prak ETL, Farber DL. Tissue localization and virus specificity shape the maintenance and function of human virus-specific memory T cells recognizing HCMV and influenza A. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.103.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Generation and maintenance of memory T cells within tissue sites of infection is critical for long-term antiviral protection. Current knowledge of human antiviral responses is largely derived from studies sampling peripheral blood. Yet, little is known about human tissue-localized antiviral immunity. Utilizing our human donor tissue resource established in collaboration with LiveOnNY, we investigated how tissue, virus, and age shape T cell maintenance across diverse tissues and their function when presented with antigens derived from human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) or influenza A virus (flu). Using flow cytometry, we show that virus-specific CD8 T cells are maintained in diverse tissues with subset differentiation and distribution shaped by virus specificity and age. Compared to T cells recognizing HCMV, flu-specific T cells display higher levels of residency markers—CD69 and CD103—particularly in adult compared to pediatric donors. In contrast, HCMV-specific T cells are maintained in greater abundance as terminally-differentiated effector T cells. Sequencing of the T cell receptor CDR3b chain reveals that, while both HCMV- and flu-specific T cells demonstrate clonal overlap across multiple tissues, HCMV-specific T cells display greater clonality and less diversity. When presented with viral antigens, HCMV- and flu-specific T cells are polyfunctional. Additionally, single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals tissue localization is the primary determinant of antigen-driven responses. Together, these studies demonstrate the dynamics of T cell differentiation and maintenance throughout the human body, which is primarily driven by virus specificity, and the role of tissue localization in shaping antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nora Lam
- 1Columbia University Medical Center
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11
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Connors T, Bradley M, Verma S, Waldman E, Jang M, Grunstein E, Maurrasse SE, Pethe K, Dogra P, Farber DL. Signature of Enhanced Effector Function Defines Early Life Regulatory T Cells. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.98.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The induction of self-tolerance and regulation of inflammatory immune responses is critical during early life when a myriad of primary antigenic challenges are encountered. Regulatory T Cells (Tregs) promote self-tolerance and function to modulate immune responses utilizing a variety of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Tregs are known to be disproportionately more abundant during early life, suggesting an essential role during immune development. We performed bulk RNA sequencing and multi-parameter flow cytometry on Tregs isolated from adult and pediatric (1 – 3 years of age) tissue (tonsils) and blood to discern the defining characteristics of early life Tregs. Early life Tregs were found to have an increased expression of genes associated with cell cycle (Ki67), effector and suppressive function (ICOS/CTLA4/IL10/GZMB/GZMA) and chemokine signaling (CCR5/CCR9) compared to adults. Importantly, distinctions in canonical effector function genes were apparent across all early life Tregs and not restricted to tissue site. Interestingly, CCR9, essential in gut-specific homing, was upregulated in both tissue and blood early life Tregs, suggesting a biasing towards intestinal immune homeostasis during childhood. We further explored the upregulation of genes related to cell cycle and found that early life Tregs exhibit higher proliferative capacity compared to both adult Tregs and early life CD4 conventional T cells, revealing a potential effector mechanism unique to early life. Early life Tregs are defined by a signature of augmented effector functionality enhancing their ability to respond to the abundant immunological challenges of infancy and childhood.
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12
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Szabo PA, Dogra P, Gray JI, Wells SB, Connors TJ, Weisberg SP, Krupska I, Matsumoto R, Poon MML, Idzikowski E, Morris SE, Pasin C, Yates AJ, Ku A, Chait M, Davis-Porada J, Guo XV, Zhou J, Steinle M, Mackay S, Saqi A, Baldwin MR, Sims PA, Farber DL. Longitudinal profiling of respiratory and systemic immune responses reveals myeloid cell-driven lung inflammation in severe COVID-19. Immunity 2021; 54:797-814.e6. [PMID: 33765436 PMCID: PMC7951561 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune response dynamics in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their severe manifestations have largely been studied in circulation. Here, we examined the relationship between immune processes in the respiratory tract and circulation through longitudinal phenotypic, transcriptomic, and cytokine profiling of paired airway and blood samples from patients with severe COVID-19 relative to heathy controls. In COVID-19 airways, T cells exhibited activated, tissue-resident, and protective profiles; higher T cell frequencies correlated with survival and younger age. Myeloid cells in COVID-19 airways featured hyperinflammatory signatures, and higher frequencies of these cells correlated with mortality and older age. In COVID-19 blood, aberrant CD163+ monocytes predominated over conventional monocytes, and were found in corresponding airway samples and in damaged alveoli. High levels of myeloid chemoattractants in airways suggest recruitment of these cells through a CCL2-CCR2 chemokine axis. Our findings provide insights into immune processes driving COVID-19 lung pathology with therapeutic implications for targeting inflammation in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua I Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven B Wells
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stuart P Weisberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Izabela Krupska
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maya M L Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emma Idzikowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sinead E Morris
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chloé Pasin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew J Yates
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy Ku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Chait
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Davis-Porada
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xinzheng V Guo
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- IsoPlexis Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | | | - Sean Mackay
- IsoPlexis Corporation, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew R Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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13
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Szabo PA, Dogra P, Gray JI, Wells SB, Connors TJ, Weisberg SP, Krupska I, Matsumoto R, Poon MM, Idzikowski E, Morris SE, Pasin C, Yates AJ, Ku A, Chait M, Davis-Porada J, Zhou J, Steinle M, Mackay S, Saqi A, Baldwin M, Sims PA, Farber DL. Analysis of respiratory and systemic immune responses in COVID-19 reveals mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. medRxiv 2020:2020.10.15.20208041. [PMID: 33106817 PMCID: PMC7587837 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.15.20208041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2 originate and function in the lung, yet assessments of human immunity are often limited to blood. Here, we conducted longitudinal, high-dimensional profiling of paired airway and blood samples from patients with severe COVID-19, revealing immune processes in the respiratory tract linked to disease pathogenesis. Survival from severe disease was associated with increased CD4 + T cells and decreased monocyte/macrophage frequencies in the airway, but not in blood. Airway T cells and macrophages exhibited tissue-resident phenotypes and activation signatures, including high level expression and secretion of monocyte chemoattractants CCL2 and CCL3 by airway macrophages. By contrast, monocytes in blood expressed the CCL2-receptor CCR2 and aberrant CD163 + and immature phenotypes. Extensive accumulation of CD163 + monocyte/macrophages within alveolar spaces in COVID-19 lung autopsies suggested recruitment from circulation. Our findings provide evidence that COVID-19 pathogenesis is driven by respiratory immunity, and rationale for site-specific treatment and prevention strategies.
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14
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Weisberg SP, Carpenter DJ, Chait M, Dogra P, Gartrell-Corrado RD, Chen AX, Campbell S, Liu W, Saraf P, Snyder ME, Kubota M, Danzl NM, Schrope BA, Rabadan R, Saenger Y, Chen X, Farber DL. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells Mediate Immune Homeostasis in the Human Pancreas through the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3916-3932.e5. [PMID: 31851923 PMCID: PMC6939378 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-recirculating tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) are the predominant T cell subset in diverse tissue sites, where they mediate protective immune responses in situ. Here, we reveal a role for TRM in maintaining immune homeostasis in the human pancreas through interactions with resident macrophages and the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathway. Using tissues obtained from organ donors, we identify that pancreas T cells comprise CD8+PD-1hi TRMs, which are phenotypically, functionally, and transcriptionally distinct compared to TRMs in neighboring jejunum and lymph node sites. Pancreas TRMs cluster with resident macrophages throughout the exocrine areas; TRM effector functions are enhanced by macrophage-derived co-stimulation and attenuated by the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. Conversely, in samples from chronic pancreatitis, TRMs exhibit reduced PD-1 expression and reduced interactions with macrophages. These findings suggest important roles for PD-1 and TRM-macrophage interactions in controlling tissue homeostasis and immune dysfunctions underlying inflammatory disease, with important implications for PD-1-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart P Weisberg
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dustin J Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael Chait
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Andrew X Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sean Campbell
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pooja Saraf
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 00132, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nichole M Danzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Beth A Schrope
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yvonne Saenger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 00132, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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15
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Weisberg SP, Connors T, Zhu Y, Baldwin M, Lin WH, Wontakal S, Szabo PA, Wells SB, Dogra P, Gray JI, Idzikowski E, Bovier F, Davis-Porada J, Matsumoto R, Li Poon MM, Chait MP, Mathieu C, Horvat B, Decimo D, Bitan ZC, La Carpia F, Ferrara SA, Mace E, Milner J, Moscona A, Hod EA, Porotto M, Farber DL. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV2 are distinct in children with MIS-C compared to adults with COVID-19. medRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32699861 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.12.20151068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are associated with age. While children are largely spared from severe respiratory disease, they can present with a SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) similar to Kawasaki's disease. Here, we show distinct antibody (Ab) responses in children with MIS-C compared to adults with severe COVID-19 causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and those who recovered from mild disease. There was a reduced breadth and specificity of anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in MIS-C patients compared to the COVID patient groups; MIS-C predominantly generated IgG Abs specific for the Spike (S) protein but not for the nucleocapsid (N) protein, while both COVID-19 cohorts had anti-S IgG, IgM and IgA Abs, as well as anti-N IgG Abs. Moreover, MIS-C patients had reduced neutralizing activity compared to COVID-19 cohorts, indicating a reduced protective serological response. These results suggest a distinct infection course and immune response in children and adults who develop severe disease, with implications for optimizing treatments based on symptom and age.
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16
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Cordero H, King RG, Dogra P, Dufeu C, See SB, Chong AM, Uhlemann AC, Ho SH, Farber DL, Kearney JF, Zorn E. Differentiation of antibody-secreting cells in the thymus of human neonates. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.153.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Thymic resident B cells were reported for the first time more than 40 years ago. Yet, their phenotype and significance remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the heterogeneity of thymic B cells in neonates as an indication of their possible function. Using thymuses from 21 neonates, we observed two consistent subsets, CD19+CD21+CD35+ and CD19+CD21−CD35−, accounting for virtually all thymic B cells. ELISPOT assays revealed the presence of IgG, IgA, IgM and even IgE antibody-secreting cells within the CD21−CD35− subset but not the CD21+CD35+ subset. To characterize the heterogeneity of CD21−CD35− subset, we used a single-cell RNA-sequencing and identified 4 separate clusters, 3 of which included cells with a phenotype and transcriptome consistent with that of B cell activation and proliferation. The more distant cluster corresponded to plasma cells (PCs) expressing IGHG, IGHA, and IGHE, implying prior class-switch recombination. To assess their specificity, we generated recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rAbs) from 362 PCs using a paired IgH and lgL chain expression cloning strategy. For comparison, rAbs were also generated from 296 undifferentiated CD21+CD35+ thymic B cells. The PC contingent was highly enriched in clones reactive to apoptotic cells when compared to CD21+CD35+ naïve B cells, an essential characteristic of natural antibodies. Remarkably, we identified individual PC clones reactive to some bacterial species also recognized by natural antibodies. Taken together, we demonstrate the differentiation of plasma cells reactive to apoptotic cells and common bacteria within the thymus, suggesting that thymus is a source of natural antibodies, contributing to newborn humoral immunity.
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17
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Poon MM, Meng W, Dogra P, Lam N, Szabo PA, Grifoni A, Tian Y, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Sette A, Prak ETL, Farber DL. Human influenza A-specific memory T cells reside within multiple tissues and elicit a tissue-specific antiviral response when presented with viral antigens. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.93.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Generation of memory T cells specific for conserved viral epitopes provides heterosubtypic protection to influenza infection. Previous mouse studies have shown that tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are critical for optimal protection. However, knowledge of human antiviral response is largely derived from blood. With our unique human donor tissue resource established in collaboration with LiveOnNY, we investigate the maintenance of influenza-specific T cells across diverse tissue sites and their response when presented with viral antigens. Using multimer staining and flow cytometry, we show that influenza-specific CD8 T cells are maintained in the lung tissue site of infection, as well as in blood, bone marrow, multiple lymph nodes, and small intestines. Compared to T cells recognizing persistent cytomegalovirus infection, influenza-specific T cells display higher levels of canonical residency markers—CD69 and CD103. Additionally, deep sequencing of the T cell receptor CDR3b repertoire reveals that influenza-specific T cells isolated from human tissue donors without active infection are clonally expanded and display a high degree of clonal overlap across tissue sites. When presented with viral antigens, influenza-specific T cells in all sites are polyfunctional and rapidly respond through cytokine production. Together, these studies reveal the dynamics of immune memory maintenance and antiviral response across tissues in the human body in response to influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nora Lam
- 1Columbia University Medical Center
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18
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Szabo PA, Dogra P, Thapa P, Poon MM, Matsumoto R, Kubota M, Bush E, Sims P, Farber DL. Dissecting Human Tissue Resident Memory T cell Heterogeneity on the Single Cell Level. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.77.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The majority of T cells throughout the human body persist as non-circulating tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in lymphoid and mucosal sites, and are vital for orchestrating protective immune responses. However, given the difficulty of sampling healthy human tissues, a full understanding of TRM identity and function across tissue sites remains lacking. Here, we utilize a unique human tissue resource where tissues are obtained from organ donors to dissect CD4+ and CD8+ TRM heterogeneity using high-dimensional flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). We identify remarkable heterogeneity in expression of key surface markers that define TRM, namely CD103, CD101, CD49a, PD-1 and CXCR6, particularly in the lung and the intestines. These phenotypic groups of TRM denote different functional subsets after activation: CD103+ and CD101+ TRM preferentially produce IL-17A, CD49a+ and CXCR6+ TRM show enhanced IFNγ production, and PD-1+ TRM produce granzyme-B. To investigate the transcriptional programming underlying TRM, we profile ~20,000 resting and activated T cells from the lungs and intestines of human organ donors with scRNA-seq and identify TRM based on our previously defined tissue signature. In both tissues, we detect multiple clusters of TRM enriched for expression of individual or a combination of TRM marker genes. Importantly, these clusters show variable expression of genes coding for cytokines (IFNG, IL23A, IL26), transcription factors (TBX21, GATA3, BATF), and cytotoxic molecules (GNLY, GZMs), suggesting differentially regulated TRM subsets. Our results therefore highlight the heterogeneity of TRM across human tissue sites and define the transcriptional programming underlying TRM function.
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19
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Dogra P, Chin A, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Thapa P, Szabo P, Poon MM, Farber DL. Enhanced functional properties of in vitro expanded lymph node derived human NK cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.170.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the inherent ability to directly kill tumor and virus infected cells. Due to their ability to kill cancer cells without any prior priming, and their role in preventing metastasis NK cells have since long been the choice for autologous adoptive cell transfer therapy in cancer. However, poor expansion potential of PBMC derived NK cells in vitro is a major roadblock preventing the widespread use of NK cells in immunotherapy. We found that human NK cells isolated from lymph nodes (LNs) express higher levels of genes encoding for stem-like transcription factors (TCF7, LEF1, MYC) compared to NK cells from blood, spleen, bone marrow (BM) and lung. Therefore, we hypothesized that NK cells isolated from LNs will show superior expansion potential in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis shows that LN derived NK cells express high levels of TCF1 protein ex vivo, and show greater proliferation compared to NK cells isolated from blood, spleen and BM following stimulation with IL-2 and IL-15 in vitro. We also observed that a significant frequency of LN NK cells expressed TCF1 even after expansion, suggesting preserved proliferation potential of these cells. Additionally, the expanded NK cells from LN acquired properties of mature, highly functional NK cells such as increased expression of CD16, CD57 and higher Granzyme B expression. Lastly, LN derived NK cells also demonstrate enhanced cytolytic activity in vitro after expansion. Taken together our results suggest that in vitro expanded NK cells from LNs are potentially efficacious anti-tumor agents and could be leveraged for the development of future generation of NK cell directed immunotherapies.
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20
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Connors T, Dogra P, Mertz S, Szabo P, Idzikowski E, Ramilo O, Mejias A, Farber DL. Dynamic local T cell responses underlie associations in disease severity during infant RSV infection. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.85.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are common throughout infancy, resulting in a wide range of clinical manifestations, with significant morbidity and mortality seen worldwide. The mechanisms leading to severe disease remain unknown. We sought to determine viral and immune mediated factors related to disease severity. Utilizing multi-parameter flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing, we correlated local T cell responses with dynamic changes to viral load in samples obtained from infants infected with RSV. Viral burden was highest at time of study enrollment and declined towards clearance in all subjects regardless of disease severity. Peak CD8 T cell response occurred several days after peak viral burden. Disease severity was associated with the accumulation of highly proliferative CD25+/Ki67+ CD8 T effector memory cells in the respiratory tract. Single cell RNA sequencing of T cells revealed distinct transcriptomic profiles of T cell populations. Respiratory tract CD8 T cells upregulated genes for granzyme, perforin, and tissue adhesion (CXCR6, CD49a) while CD4 T cells in the airway were enriched for regulatory T cell genes (FoxP3, CTLA4) compared to blood. Blood samples were defined primarily by gene signatures associated with naïve T cells and no significant upregulation of effector genes, emphasizing the compartmentalized nature of the immune response. Interestingly, clusters of gamma delta T cells upregulating AREG were found in airway samples, supporting a role for immune mediated tissue repair. These results show that disease severity during RSV infection in infancy is associated with localized immune responses and provide insights into how tissue repair may be mediated following severe disease.
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21
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Poon MML, Meng W, Dogra P, Lam N, Szabo PA, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Rahman A, Luning Prak ET, Farber DL. Human T cell immunity in barrier sites is phenotypically distinct but clonally connected to other sites. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.235.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The gut, lung, and skin are physical and immunological barriers that serve as the first line of defense against pathogens and foreign substances. Due to sampling limitations, previous studies have been limited to studying human barrier sites in isolation and often in the context of specific diseases. Our donor tissue resource established in collaboration with LiveOnNY offers a unique opportunity to examine human barrier T cell immunity as a network and elucidate how barrier sites are connected to each other and to lymphoid sites (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen). Here, using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and T cell receptor (TCR) CDR3b sequencing, we investigate the unique defining characteristics and connectivity of T cells in barrier tissue – gut, lung, and skin – to lymphoid sites and blood. Through high-dimensional marker analysis by CyTOF, our results show that T cell subset composition and phenotype across 8 different sites comprise 33 clusters that are highly conserved between donors of different ages (22–70 yrs). Skin and gut T cells are distinct from each other and from lung, lymphoid sites, and blood, while lung T cells share features with lymphoid sites and blood. TCR repertoire analysis shows that, though majority of gut and skin T cell clones are unique to the tissue, expanded clones within these barrier sites share clonal overlap with other barrier and lymphoid sites. Moreover, T cells in the lung exhibit increased sharing with lymphoid sites and blood. Together, these results reveal how human T cells are compartmentalized in the skin and gut through site-specific adaptations while demonstrating that gut, lung, and skin barrier T cells are connected through shared specificities in a network of immune protection across the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nora Lam
- 1Columbia University Medical Center
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22
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Snyder ME, Finlayson MO, Connors TJ, Dogra P, Senda T, Bush E, Carpenter D, Marboe C, Benvenuto L, Shah L, Robbins H, Hook JL, Sykes M, D'Ovidio F, Bacchetta M, Sonett JR, Lederer DJ, Arcasoy S, Sims PA, Farber DL. Generation and persistence of human tissue-resident memory T cells in lung transplantation. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/33/eaav5581. [PMID: 30850393 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav5581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) maintain immunity in diverse sites as determined in mouse models, whereas their establishment and role in human tissues have been difficult to assess. Here, we investigated human lung TRM generation, maintenance, and function in airway samples obtained longitudinally from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-disparate lung transplant recipients, where donor and recipient T cells could be localized and tracked over time. Donor T cells persist specifically in the lungs (and not blood) of transplant recipients and express high levels of TRM signature markers including CD69, CD103, and CD49a, whereas lung-infiltrating recipient T cells gradually acquire TRM phenotypes over months in vivo. Single-cell transcriptome profiling of airway T cells reveals that donor T cells comprise two TRM-like subsets with varying levels of expression of TRM-associated genes, whereas recipient T cells comprised non-TRM and similar TRM-like subpopulations, suggesting de novo TRM generation. Transplant recipients exhibiting higher frequencies of persisting donor TRM experienced fewer adverse clinical events such as primary graft dysfunction and acute cellular rejection compared with recipients with low donor TRM persistence, suggesting that monitoring TRM dynamics could be clinically informative. Together, our results provide spatial and temporal insights into how human TRM develop, function, persist, and affect tissue integrity within the complexities of lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael O Finlayson
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Erin Bush
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dustin Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles Marboe
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luke Benvenuto
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lori Shah
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hilary Robbins
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaime L Hook
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Megan Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Frank D'Ovidio
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joshua R Sonett
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David J Lederer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Selim Arcasoy
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Dogra P, Rancan C, Ma W, Toth M, Senda T, Carpenter DJ, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Thapa P, Szabo PA, Li Poon MM, Li J, Arakawa-Hoyt J, Shen Y, Fong L, Lanier LL, Farber DL. Tissue Determinants of Human NK Cell Development, Function, and Residence. Cell 2020; 180:749-763.e13. [PMID: 32059780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses in diverse tissue sites are critical for protective immunity and homeostasis. Here, we investigate how tissue localization regulates the development and function of human natural killer (NK) cells, innate lymphocytes important for anti-viral and tumor immunity. Integrating high-dimensional analysis of NK cells from blood, lymphoid organs, and mucosal tissue sites from 60 individuals, we identify tissue-specific patterns of NK cell subset distribution, maturation, and function maintained across age and between individuals. Mature and terminally differentiated NK cells with enhanced effector function predominate in blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lungs and exhibit shared transcriptional programs across sites. By contrast, precursor and immature NK cells with reduced effector capacity populate lymph nodes and intestines and exhibit tissue-resident signatures and site-specific adaptations. Together, our results reveal anatomic control of NK cell development and maintenance as tissue-resident populations, whereas mature, terminally differentiated subsets mediate immunosurveillance through diverse peripheral sites. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chiara Rancan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wenji Ma
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marta Toth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen and Doctoral School of Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dustin J Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maya Meimei Li Poon
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacky Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Janice Arakawa-Hoyt
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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24
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Szabo PA, Levitin HM, Miron M, Snyder ME, Senda T, Yuan J, Cheng YL, Bush EC, Dogra P, Thapa P, Farber DL, Sims PA. Single-cell transcriptomics of human T cells reveals tissue and activation signatures in health and disease. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4706. [PMID: 31624246 PMCID: PMC6797728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human T cells coordinate adaptive immunity in diverse anatomic compartments through production of cytokines and effector molecules, but it is unclear how tissue site influences T cell persistence and function. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to define the heterogeneity of human T cells isolated from lungs, lymph nodes, bone marrow and blood, and their functional responses following stimulation. Through analysis of >50,000 resting and activated T cells, we reveal tissue T cell signatures in mucosal and lymphoid sites, and lineage-specific activation states across all sites including distinct effector states for CD8+ T cells and an interferon-response state for CD4+ T cells. Comparing scRNA-seq profiles of tumor-associated T cells to our dataset reveals predominant activated CD8+ compared to CD4+ T cell states within multiple tumor types. Our results therefore establish a high dimensional reference map of human T cell activation in health for analyzing T cells in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Szabo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Mendes Levitin
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Miron
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinzhou Yuan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yim Ling Cheng
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin C Bush
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Szabo PA, Levitin HM, Miron M, Snyder ME, Senda T, Yuan J, Chen YL, Bush EC, Dogra P, Thapa P, Sims PA, Farber DL. Single cell transcriptomics resolves activation dynamics and cellular states of human blood and tissue T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.60.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
T cells persist as heterogeneous subsets throughout the body and are essential in mounting protective immune responses. In healthy humans, most of our knowledge of T cell activation derives from sampling the peripheral blood and therefore the transcriptional states of tissue T cells, their functional responses to stimulation, and how they relate to T cells in blood have been poorly defined. Here, we profile the activation dynamics of T cells isolated from human lungs (LG), lymph nodes (LN), bone marrow (BM) and blood following TCR-stimulation by single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Analysis of >50,000 individual resting and activated T cells using clustering and new factorization methods reveals lineage-specific gene expression signatures and discrete activation trajectories in all tissues. Between sites, T cells from LG and LN are most distinct, while blood T cells are most similar to those in BM but persist in a more activated basal state. We identify a common transcriptional profile of tissue T cells and detect trace numbers of these cells in the blood. We also define cellular states for resting and activated T cells across tissues, including an interferon-induced state in CD4+ T cells and distinct effector states specific to CD8+ T cells, and uncover new markers of T cell activation that may be central to T cell function. Importantly, we demonstrate that the T cell activation states resolved here serve as a new baseline for defining T cell dysfunction in disease, revealing novel insights into T cell states among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from previous studies. Our investigation couples scRNA-seq with new analysis methods to define the activation dynamics of human T cells from disparate anatomical sites on a single cell level.
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26
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Dogra P, Rancan C, Ma W, Toth M, Senda T, Carpenter DJ, Thapa P, Szabo PA, Shen Y, Fong L, Lanier LL, Farber DL. Tissue driven influences on human NK cell development, function and residence. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.129.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the inherent ability to kill tumor and virus infected cells without any prior priming. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of NK cells to develop adaptive memory and tissue residence. However, our understanding of human NK cells in tissues and their site-specific properties is limited. Here we use our unique tissue resource established in collaboration with LiveOnNY to elucidate the diversity of human NK cell phenotypic subsets, functional profile and transcriptional signatures in non-mucosal and mucosal tissue sites. We identified tissue-specific patterns of NK cell maturation and show that NK cell subset (immature and mature) and memory NK cell distribution is a function of tissue site which is not affected by age. Our results also show that while NK cells from different tissue sites express similar levels of granzyme B, NK cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity response and cytokine driven activation may be influenced by tissue site. Whole transcriptome profiling of NK cell subsets revealed that mature NK cells from all the sites (blood, bone marrow, spleen, lung and LN) have very similar transcriptional profiles. Interestingly, immature NK cells from all tissue sites have very different transcriptional profiles compared to their blood counterpart and are enriched for tissue resident memory T cell transcriptional signature. Furthermore, we show that immature NK cells show site-specific expression patterns of tissue residence surface markers. Overall, our data demonstrates the effects of tissue microenvironment on the developmental and function potential of tissue NK cells and provides insight into the development of future NK cell mediated immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenji Ma
- 1Columbia University Medical Center
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27
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Senda T, Dogra P, Granot T, Furuhashi K, Snyder ME, Carpenter DJ, Szabo PA, Thapa P, Miron M, Farber DL. Microanatomical dissection of human intestinal T-cell immunity reveals site-specific changes in gut-associated lymphoid tissues over life. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:378-389. [PMID: 30523311 PMCID: PMC6375790 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Defining adaptive immunity with the complex structures of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract over life is essential for understanding immune responses to ingested antigens, commensal and pathogenic microorganisms, and dysfunctions in disease. We present here an analysis of lymphocyte localization and T cell subset composition across the human GI tract including mucosal sites (jejunum, ileum, colon), gut-associated lymphoid tissues (isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), Peyer's patches (PPs), appendix), and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) from a total of 68 donors spanning eight decades of life. In pediatric donors, ILFs and PP containing naïve T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are prevalent in the jejunum and ileum, respectively; these decline in frequency with age, contrasting stable frequencies of ILFs and T cell subsets in the colon. In the mucosa, tissue resident memory T cells develop during childhood, and persist in high frequencies into advanced ages, while T cell composition changes with age in GALT and MLN. These spatial and temporal features of human intestinal T cell immunity define signatures that can be used to train predictive machine learning algorithms. Our findings demonstrate an anatomic basis for age-associated alterations in immune responses, and establish a quantitative baseline for intestinal immunity to define disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Senda
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tomer Granot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Compugen, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark E Snyder
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dustin J Carpenter
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Michelle Miron
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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28
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Dogra P, Senda T, Szabo P, Carpenter D, Toth M, Thapa P, Snyder M, Miron M, Kumar B, Farber DL. Abstract B153: Human NK cell distribution memory and residence in tissue sites. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-b153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the ability to kill tumor cells without prior exposure. NK cells express multiple activating and inhibitory receptors in addition to the low-affinity immunoglobulin G binding receptor CD16. Accumulating evidence implicates a role of NK cells in not only direct killing of tumor cells, but also in cancer immunosurveillance and preventing metastasis to tissues sites. However, at present the distribution, diversity and tissue driven differences in NK cell function are not well characterized which may have an implication on the anti-cancer potential of tissue NK cells. Through collaboration with LiveOnNY our local organ procurement organization, we receive blood, bone marrow (BM), lung, intestines, tonsil and associated lymph nodes (LN) from research consented organ donors. Here we used this unique tissue resource to investigate the distribution, phenotypic, functional and transcriptional diversity of NK cell subsets in human tissues. We found that NK cells are ubiquitously distributed in human tissues comprising up to 40% of the CD45+ CD14/19- cells in blood, BM, spleen and lung, while only a small fraction (up to 2%) in the intestine and the LN. While blood, BM, spleen and lung are dominated by mature NK cells (CD56dim CD16+), majority of the NK cells in intestine and LN are immature (CD56hi CD16-). Age, sex and CMV sero-status do not show any correlation with NK cell distribution or subset frequency in tissues. Notably, NK cell subset distribution seems to drive functional differences between tissue NK cells, with lymphoid site NK cells expressing lower levels of effector molecules granzyme B, TNFα, Prf, Ifnγ and displaying reduced degranulation compared with their counterparts from blood, BM and spleen. For an in-depth analysis of tissue-mediated effects on NK cell subset functionality, we performed whole-transcriptome profiling on immature and mature NK cells isolated from blood, BM, spleen, lung and LN. Our analysis identified several effector molecules and NK cell surface receptors being differentially expressed between immature and mature NK cells. Furthermore, while mature NK cells of blood and tissues have similar transcriptional profiles, the transcriptional profiles of immature blood and tissue NK cells show tissue driven heterogeneity with differential expression of transcription factors, metabolic enzymes and NK cell surface receptors. Interestingly, the transcriptional signature of immature NK cells is reminiscent of the transcriptional signature of tissue resident memory T-cells showing increased expression of CD103, CD49a, CXCR6. We validated the expression of these markers using multiparameter flow cytometry and found that subset of immature NK cells in mucosal sites (lung and intestine) do indeed express markers of tissue residence. Additionally, by applying trajectory projection algorithm on NK cells from tissue sites, we show that resident NK cells comprise a distinct population from immature NK cells. Our study has identified novel, previously unidentified diversity of tissue NK cells. Phenotypic and transcriptional profiling data provide evidence for putative resident NK cells being present in certain tissue sites. Blood NK cells differ from their counterparts in tissues; especially, immature NK cells in tissues may be specifically trained to function in the tissue environment. Finally, due to the uniqueness of phenotypic, functional and transcriptional features of tissue NK cells, they may be more suited to fight cancer in situ in tissues.
Citation Format: Pranay Dogra, Takashi Senda, Peter Szabo, Dustin Carpenter, Marta Toth, Puspa Thapa, Mark Snyder, Michelle Miron, Brahma Kumar, Donna L. Farber. Human NK cell distribution memory and residence in tissue sites [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B153.
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29
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Ghoneim HE, Fan Y, Moustaki A, Abdelsamed H, Dash P, Dogra P, Carter R, Awad W, Neale G, Thomas PG, Youngblood B. Abstract A26: De novo epigenetic programming restrains PD-1 blockade-mediated T cell rejuvenation. Cancer Immunol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm17-a26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-mediated rejuvenation of exhausted T cells has emerged as a promising approach for treating various cancers and chronic infections. However, T cells that become fully exhausted during prolonged antigen exposure remain refractory to ICB-mediated rejuvenation. Given that many of the impaired effector properties of terminally exhausted CD8 T cells appear to be heritably maintained even in the absence of antigen, we investigated the role of de novo DNA methylation programming as a cell-intrinsic mechanism for establishing the ICB-nonresponsive state of T-cell exhaustion. We report that blocking de novo DNA methylation in activated CD8 T cells allows them to retain their effector functions despite chronic stimulation during a persistent viral infection. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of antigen-specific murine CD8 T cells at the effector and exhaustion stages of an immune response identified progressively acquired heritable de novo methylation programs that restrict T cell expansion and clonal diversity during PD-1 blockade treatment. Moreover, these exhaustion-associated DNA methylation programs were acquired in tumor-infiltrating PD-1hi CD8 T cells. Therapeutic approaches to reverse these programs can enhance ICB-mediated T cell rejuvenation and ultimately facilitate the control of chronic viral infections and tumor growth. These data establish de novo DNA methylation programming as a regulator of T cell exhaustion and barrier of ICB therapy.
Citation Format: Hazem E. Ghoneim, Yiping Fan, Ardiana Moustaki, Hossam Abdelsamed, Pradyot Dash, Pranay Dogra, Robert Carter, Walid Awad, Geoff Neale, Paul G. Thomas, Ben Youngblood. De novo epigenetic programming restrains PD-1 blockade-mediated T cell rejuvenation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr A26.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiping Fan
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Pradyot Dash
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Pranay Dogra
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Walid Awad
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Geoff Neale
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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30
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Youngblood B, Hale JS, Kissick HT, Ahn E, Xu X, Wieland A, Araki K, West EE, Ghoneim HE, Fan Y, Dogra P, Davis CW, Konieczny BT, Antia R, Cheng X, Ahmed R. Effector CD8 T cells dedifferentiate into long-lived memory cells. Nature 2017; 552:404-409. [PMID: 29236683 PMCID: PMC5965677 DOI: 10.1038/nature25144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Memory CD8 T cells that circulate in the blood and are present in lymphoid organs are an essential component of long-lived T cell immunity. These memory CD8 T cells remain poised to rapidly elaborate effector functions upon re-exposure to pathogens, but also have many properties in common with naive cells, including pluripotency and the ability to migrate to the lymph nodes and spleen. Thus, memory cells embody features of both naive and effector cells, fuelling a long-standing debate centred on whether memory T cells develop from effector cells or directly from naive cells. Here we show that long-lived memory CD8 T cells are derived from a subset of effector T cells through a process of dedifferentiation. To assess the developmental origin of memory CD8 T cells, we investigated changes in DNA methylation programming at naive and effector cell-associated genes in virus-specific CD8 T cells during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in mice. Methylation profiling of terminal effector versus memory-precursor CD8 T cell subsets showed that, rather than retaining a naive epigenetic state, the subset of cells that gives rise to memory cells acquired de novo DNA methylation programs at naive-associated genes and became demethylated at the loci of classically defined effector molecules. Conditional deletion of the de novo methyltransferase Dnmt3a at an early stage of effector differentiation resulted in reduced methylation and faster re-expression of naive-associated genes, thereby accelerating the development of memory cells. Longitudinal phenotypic and epigenetic characterization of the memory-precursor effector subset of virus-specific CD8 T cells transferred into antigen-free mice revealed that differentiation to memory cells was coupled to erasure of de novo methylation programs and re-expression of naive-associated genes. Thus, epigenetic repression of naive-associated genes in effector CD8 T cells can be reversed in cells that develop into long-lived memory CD8 T cells while key effector genes remain demethylated, demonstrating that memory T cells arise from a subset of fate-permissive effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Youngblood
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - J Scott Hale
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eunseon Ahn
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Koichi Araki
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Erin E West
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Bogumila T Konieczny
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Dogra P, Ghoneim HE, Abdelsamed HA, Youngblood B. Generating long-lived CD8(+) T-cell memory: Insights from epigenetic programs. Eur J Immunol 2017; 46:1548-62. [PMID: 27230488 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T-cell-based immunological memory has the potential to provide the host with life-long protection against pathogen reexposure and thus offers tremendous promise for the design of vaccines targeting chronic infections or cancer. In order to exploit this potential in the design of new vaccines, it is necessary to understand how and when memory T cells acquire their poised effector potential, and moreover, how they maintain these properties during homeostatic proliferation. To gain insight into the persistent nature of memory T-cell functions, investigators have turned their attention to epigenetic mechanisms. Recent efforts have revealed that many of the properties acquired among memory T cells are coupled to stable changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Furthermore, it has recently been reported that the delineating features among memory T cells subsets are also linked to distinct epigenetic events, such as permissive and repressive histone modifications and DNA methylation programs, providing exciting new hypotheses regarding their cellular ancestry. Here, we review recent studies focused on epigenetic programs acquired during effector and memory T-cell differentiation and discuss how these data may shed new light on the developmental path for generating long-lived CD8(+) T-cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam A Abdelsamed
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ben Youngblood
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Ghoneim HE, Fan Y, Moustaki A, Abdelsamed HA, Dash P, Dogra P, Carter R, Awad W, Neale G, Thomas PG, Youngblood B. De Novo Epigenetic Programs Inhibit PD-1 Blockade-Mediated T Cell Rejuvenation. Cell 2017. [PMID: 28648661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint-blockade (ICB)-mediated rejuvenation of exhausted T cells has emerged as a promising approach for treating various cancers and chronic infections. However, T cells that become fully exhausted during prolonged antigen exposure remain refractory to ICB-mediated rejuvenation. We report that blocking de novo DNA methylation in activated CD8 T cells allows them to retain their effector functions despite chronic stimulation during a persistent viral infection. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of antigen-specific murine CD8 T cells at the effector and exhaustion stages of an immune response identified progressively acquired heritable de novo methylation programs that restrict T cell expansion and clonal diversity during PD-1 blockade treatment. Moreover, these exhaustion-associated DNA-methylation programs were acquired in tumor-infiltrating PD-1hi CD8 T cells, and approaches to reverse these programs improved T cell responses and tumor control during ICB. These data establish de novo DNA-methylation programming as a regulator of T cell exhaustion and barrier of ICB-mediated T cell rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ardiana Moustaki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hossam A Abdelsamed
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robert Carter
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Walid Awad
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Geoff Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ben Youngblood
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Abdelsamed HA, Moustaki A, Fan Y, Dogra P, Ghoneim HE, Zebley CC, Triplett BM, Sekaly RP, Youngblood B. Human memory CD8 T cell effector potential is epigenetically preserved during in vivo homeostasis. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1593-1606. [PMID: 28490440 PMCID: PMC5461005 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdelsamed et al. demonstrate that the poised effector potential of human memory CD8 T cells is coupled to maintenance of effector-associated DNA methylation programs during in vitro and in vivo homeostatic proliferation. Antigen-independent homeostasis of memory CD8 T cells is vital for sustaining long-lived T cell–mediated immunity. In this study, we report that maintenance of human memory CD8 T cell effector potential during in vitro and in vivo homeostatic proliferation is coupled to preservation of acquired DNA methylation programs. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of primary human naive, short-lived effector memory (TEM), and longer-lived central memory (TCM) and stem cell memory (TSCM) CD8 T cells identified effector molecules with demethylated promoters and poised for expression. Effector-loci demethylation was heritably preserved during IL-7– and IL-15–mediated in vitro cell proliferation. Conversely, cytokine-driven proliferation of TCM and TSCM memory cells resulted in phenotypic conversion into TEM cells and was coupled to increased methylation of the CCR7 and Tcf7 loci. Furthermore, haploidentical donor memory CD8 T cells undergoing in vivo proliferation in lymphodepleted recipients also maintained their effector-associated demethylated status but acquired TEM-associated programs. These data demonstrate that effector-associated epigenetic programs are preserved during cytokine-driven subset interconversion of human memory CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam A Abdelsamed
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Ardiana Moustaki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Caitlin C Zebley
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Brandon M Triplett
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | | | - Ben Youngblood
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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Youngblood BA, Ghoniem H, Moustaki A, Dogra P, Abdelsamed HA, Fan Y. Tumor infiltrating T cells acquire exhaustion-associated epigenetic programs. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.56.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD8 T cells play a critical role in controlling chronic infections and cancer, but progressively lose their effector functions during prolonged antigen exposure. Repression of CD8 T cell effector functions, commonly referred to as T cell exhaustion, limits the ability of the immune system to purge the chronic pathogen from the host. It has recently become recognized that CD8 T cell exhaustion programs can be reinforced and heritably maintained. Therefore in order to develop and/or improve current therapeutic approaches that utilize host antigen-specific T cells to treat chronic infections or cancer a major challenge for the field is to identify mechanisms that stabilize T cell exhaustion. Using the LCMV model system of chronic viral infection we determined that Dnmt3a mediated de novo DNA methylation plays a causal role in establishing CD8 T cell exhaustion. We then performed whole-genome methylation profiling of WT and Dnmt3a cKO CD8 T cells from chronically infected animals and identified Dnmt3a-dependent DNA methylation programs in genes, including interferon gamma and Tcf7, that are coupled to the progressive decline in effector function and developmental plasticity of the antigen specific cell. Lastly, we extended these findings to the tumor setting using a syngeneic mouse tumor model. We found that tumor-infiltrating PD-1hi CD8 T cells acquire exhaustion-associated de novo DNA methylation programs. These results have significant implications for therapeutic strategies that utilize reactivation of host pathogen-specific CD8 T cells to control chronic viral infections or cancer and provide a nucleotide-resolution map of epigenetic programs progressively acquired during T cell exhaustion.
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Dogra P, Miller-Kittrell M, Pitt E, Jackson JW, Masi T, Copeland C, Wu S, Miller WE, Sparer T. A little cooperation helps murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) go a long way: MCMV co-infection rescues a chemokine salivary gland defect. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2957-2972. [PMID: 27638684 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) produce chemokines (vCXCLs) that have both sequence and functional homology to host chemokines. Assessment of vCXCL-1's role in CMV infection is limited to in vitro and in silico analysis due to CMVs species specificity. In this study, we used the murine CMV (MCMV) mouse model to evaluate the function of vCXCL-1 in vivo. Recombinant MCMVs expressing chimpanzee CMV vCXCL-1 (vCXCL-1CCMV) or host chemokine, mCXCL1, underwent primary dissemination to the popliteal lymph node, spleen and lung similar to the parental MCMV. However, neither of the recombinants expressing chemokines was recovered from the salivary gland (SG) at any time post-infection although viral DNA was detected. This implies that the virus does not grow in the SG or the overexpressed chemokine induces an immune response that leads to suppressed growth. Pointing to immune suppression of virus replication, recombinant viruses were isolated from the SG following infection of immune-ablated mice [i.e. SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency), NSG (non-obese diabetic SCID gamma) or cyclophosphamide treated]. Depletion of neutrophils or NK cells does not rescue the recovery of chemokine-expressing recombinants in the SG. Surprisingly we found that co-infection of parental virus and chemokine-expressing virus leads to the recovery of the recombinants in the SG. We suggest that parental virus reduces the levels of chemokine expression leading to a decrease in inflammatory monocytes and subsequent SG growth. Therefore, aberrant expression of the chemokines induces cells of the innate and adaptive immune system that curtail the growth and dissemination of the recombinants in the SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Mindy Miller-Kittrell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Elisabeth Pitt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tom Masi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Courtney Copeland
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shuen Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA
| | - William E Miller
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA
| | - Tim Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Gimenez F, Bhela S, Dogra P, Harvey L, Varanasi SK, Jaggi U, Rouse BT. The inflammasome NLRP3 plays a protective role against a viral immunopathological lesion. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:647-57. [PMID: 26516184 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0715-321r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex 1 infection of the eye can cause blindness with lesions in the corneal stroma largely attributable to inflammatory events that include components of both adaptive and innate immunity. Several innate immune responses are triggered by herpes simplex 1, but it is unclear how such innate events relate to the subsequent development of stromal keratitis. In this study, we compared the outcome of herpes simplex 1 ocular infection in mice unable to express NLRP3 because of gene knockout (NLRP3(-/-)) to that of wild-type mice. The NLRP3(-/-) mice developed more-severe and earlier stromal keratitis lesions and had higher angiogenesis scores than did infected wild-type animals. In addition, NLRP3(-/-) mice generated an increased early immune response with heightened chemokines and cytokines, including interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, and elevated recruitment of neutrophils. Increased numbers of CD4(+) T cells were seen at later stages of the disease in NLRP3(-/-) animals. Reduction in neutrophils prevented early onset of the disease in NLRP3(-/-) animals and lowered levels of bioactive interleukin-1β but did not lower bioactive interleukin-18. In conclusion, our results indicate that NLRP3 has a regulatory and beneficial role in herpetic stromal keratitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gimenez
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Siddheshvar Bhela
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Lorena Harvey
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Siva Karthik Varanasi
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barry T Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA;
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Dogra P, Martin EB, Williams A, Richardson RL, Foster JS, Hackenback N, Kennel SJ, Sparer TE, Wall JS. Novel heparan sulfate-binding peptides for blocking herpesvirus entry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126239. [PMID: 25992785 PMCID: PMC4436313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can lead to congenital hearing loss and mental retardation. Upon immune suppression, reactivation of latent HCMV or primary infection increases morbidity in cancer, transplantation, and late stage AIDS patients. Current treatments include nucleoside analogues, which have significant toxicities limiting their usefulness. In this study we screened a panel of synthetic heparin-binding peptides for their ability to prevent CMV infection in vitro. A peptide designated, p5+14 exhibited ~ 90% reduction in murine CMV (MCMV) infection. Because negatively charged, cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), serve as the attachment receptor during the adsorption phase of the CMV infection cycle, we hypothesized that p5+14 effectively competes for CMV adsorption to the cell surface resulting in the reduction in infection. Positively charged Lys residues were required for peptide binding to cell-surface HSPGs and reducing viral infection. We show that this inhibition was not due to a direct neutralizing effect on the virus itself and that the peptide blocked adsorption of the virus. The peptide also inhibited infection of other herpesviruses: HCMV and herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 in vitro, demonstrating it has broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Therefore, this peptide may offer an adjunct therapy for the treatment of herpes viral infections and other viruses that use HSPGs for entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Emily B. Martin
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Angela Williams
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Raphael L. Richardson
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James S. Foster
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicole Hackenback
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Kennel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Tim E. Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Wall
- Department of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Heo J, Dogra P, Masi TJ, Pitt EA, de Kruijf P, Smit MJ, Sparer TE. Novel Human Cytomegalovirus Viral Chemokines, vCXCL-1s, Display Functional Selectivity for Neutrophil Signaling and Function. J Immunol 2015; 195:227-36. [PMID: 25987741 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human CMV (HCMV) uses members of the hematopoietic system including neutrophils for dissemination throughout the body. HCMV encodes a viral chemokine, vCXCL-1, that is postulated to attract neutrophils for dissemination within the host. The gene encoding vCXCL-1, UL146, is one of the most variable genes in the HCMV genome. Why HCMV has evolved this hypervariability and how this affects the virus' dissemination and pathogenesis is unknown. Because the vCXCL-1 hypervariability maps to important binding and activation domains, we hypothesized that vCXCL-1s differentially activate neutrophils, which could contribute to HCMV dissemination, pathogenesis, or both. To test whether these viral chemokines affect neutrophil function, we generated vCXCL-1 proteins from 11 different clades from clinical isolates from infants infected congenitally with HCMV. All vCXCL-1s were able to induce calcium flux at a concentration of 100 nM and integrin expression on human peripheral blood neutrophils, despite differences in affinity for the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. In fact, their affinity for CXCR1 or CXCR2 did not correlate directly with chemotaxis, G protein-dependent and independent (β-arrestin-2) activation, or secondary chemokine (CCL22) expression. Our data suggest that vCXCL-1 polymorphisms affect the binding affinity, receptor usage, and differential peripheral blood neutrophil activation that could contribute to HCMV dissemination and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Heo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Tom J Masi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Elisabeth A Pitt
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
| | - Petra de Kruijf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim E Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; and
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Abstract
Although human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infection is generally asymptomatic, in immune-compromised patients HCMV increases morbidity and mortality. As a member of the betaherpesvirus family, in vivo studies of HCMV are limited due to its species specificity. CMVs from other species are often used as surrogates to express HCMV genes/proteins or used as models for inferring HCMV protein function in humans. Using innovative experiments, these animal models have answered important questions about CMV's life cycle, dissemination, pathogenesis, immune evasion, and host immune response. This chapter provides CMV biologists with an overview of the insights gained using these animal models. Subsequent chapters will provide details of the specifics of the experimental methods developed for each of the animal models discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Dogra P, Saini A, Javali T, Singh P, Saxena V. VID-07.06 Extraperitoneal Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Revisited. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Seth A, Saini A, Dogra P. VID-03.07 Hybrid Minimally Invasive Oral Mucosal graft Urethroplasty for Pan-Anterior Urethral Strictures. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seth A, Wadhwa P, Gupta N, Hemal A, Dogra P, Kumar R. UP-01.54. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Seth A, Gupta N, Hemal A, Dogra P, Kumar R, Wadhwa P. V-03.08. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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