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Huang YT, Nodari D, Furlan F, Zhang Y, Rusu M, Dai L, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Darvill D, Guo X, Rimmele M, Unold T, Heeney M, Stranks SD, Sirringhaus H, Rao A, Gasparini N, Hoye RLZ. Fast Near-Infrared Photodetectors Based on Nontoxic and Solution-Processable AgBiS 2. Small 2024; 20:e2310199. [PMID: 38063859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors are urgently needed for a wide range of next-generation electronics, including sensors, optical communications and bioimaging. However, it is rare to find photodetectors with >300 kHz cut-off frequencies, especially in the NIR region, and many of the emerging inorganic materials explored are comprised of toxic elements, such as lead. Herein, solution-processed AgBiS2 photodetectors with high cut-off frequencies under both white light (>1 MHz) and NIR (approaching 500 kHz) illumination are developed. These high cut-off frequencies are due to the short transit distances of charge-carriers in the ultrathin photoactive layer of AgBiS2 photodetectors, which arise from the strong light absorption of this material, such that film thicknesses well below 120 nm are sufficient to absorb >65% of NIR to visible light. It is also revealed that ion migration plays a critical role in the photo-response speed of these devices, and its detrimental effects can be mitigated by finely tuning the thickness of the photoactive layer, which is important for achieving low dark current densities as well. These outstanding characteristics enable the realization of air-stable, real-time heartbeat sensors based on NIR AgBiS2 photodetectors, which strongly motivates their future integration in high-throughput systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Huang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Davide Nodari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Francesco Furlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Marin Rusu
- Struktur und Dynamik von Energiematerialien, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Daniel Darvill
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Martina Rimmele
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Unold
- Struktur und Dynamik von Energiematerialien, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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2
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Liu S, Chen Z, Liu Y, Wu L, Wang B, Wang Z, Wu B, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen M, Huang H, Ye J, Chu PK, Yu XF, Polavarapu L, Hoye RLZ, Gao F, Zhao H. Data-Driven Controlled Synthesis of Oriented Quasi-Spherical CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319480. [PMID: 38317379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of lead-halide perovskite crystals is challenging yet attractive because of the pivotal role played by the crystal structure and growth conditions in regulating their properties. This study introduces data-driven strategies for the controlled synthesis of oriented quasi-spherical CsPbBr3, alongside an investigation into the synthesis mechanism. High-throughput rapid characterization of absorption spectra and color under ultraviolet illumination was conducted using 23 possible ligands for the synthesis of CsPbBr3 crystals. The links between the absorption spectra slope (difference in the absorbance at 400 nm and 450 nm divided by a wavelength interval of 50 nm) and crystal size were determined through statistical analysis of more than 100 related publications. Big data analysis and machine learning were employed to investigate a total of 688 absorption spectra and 652 color values, revealing correlations between synthesis parameters and properties. Ex situ characterization confirmed successful synthesis of oriented quasi-spherical CsPbBr3 perovskites using polyvinylpyrrolidone and Acacia. Density functional theory calculations highlighted strong adsorption of Acacia on the (110) facet of CsPbBr3. Optical properties of the oriented quasi-spherical perovskites prepared with these data-driven strategies were significantly improved. This study demonstrates that data-driven controlled synthesis facilitates morphology-controlled perovskites with excellent optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Liu
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Zijian Chen
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, the University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, PR China
| | - Yingming Liu
- Centre for Photonics Information and Energy Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lingjun Wu
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Bobin Wu
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Wenzhou Institute of Technology, Digital Intelligent Manufacturing Research Center, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215000, PR China
| | - Mengyun Chen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Hao Huang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Center for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
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Silva JPB, Vieira EMF, Gwozdz K, Silva NE, Kaim A, Istrate MC, Ghica C, Correia JH, Pereira M, Marques L, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Hoye RLZ, Gomes MJM. High-performance and self-powered visible light photodetector using multiple coupled synergetic effects. Mater Horiz 2024; 11:803-812. [PMID: 38010915 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01725g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, that coupling together the pyroelectric effect, the photovoltaic effect and the plasmonic effect is a novel method to significantly enhance the performance of self-powered photodetectors in the visible region. Photodetectors based on tri-layered heterojunction of n-Si/p-SnO/n-ZnO through the inclusion of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) at the SnO/ZnO interface were fabricated. The photo-response of the device, with excitation from a chopped 650 nm wavelength laser, was carefully investigated, and it was shown that the photodetector performance is enhanced the most with the inclusion of spheroidal Ag NPs with ∼70 nm diameter. The Al/Si/SnO/Ag NPs/ZnO/ITO device exhibited an optimum responsivity, detectivity and sensitivity of 210.2 mA W-1, 5.47 × 109 Jones and 15.0 × 104, respectively, together with a rise and fall time of 2.3 and 51.3 μs, respectively, at a laser power density of 317 mW cm-2 and at a chopper frequency of 10 Hz. The present photodetectors are more than twice as responsive as the current best-performing ZnO-based pyro-phototronic photodetectors and they also exhibit other competitive features, such as detectivity, and fall and rise times. Therefore, by exploiting the plasmonic effect of the Ag NPs together with the pyroelectric effect in a ZnO film, and the photovoltaic effect at a Si/SnO junction, all in a single device, photodetectors were developed with state-of-the-art performance for the visible region.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P B Silva
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eliana M F Vieira
- CMEMS - UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Katarzyna Gwozdz
- Department of Quantum Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Nuno E Silva
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Adrian Kaim
- Department of Quantum Technologies, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Marian C Istrate
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Atomistilor 405, Magurele Ilfov 077125, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ghica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 105 bis Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - José H Correia
- CMEMS - UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mario Pereira
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Luís Marques
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, ., 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 OFS, UK.
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Maria J M Gomes
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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4
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Dudipala KR, Le TH, Nie W, Hoye RLZ. Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives for Efficient, High-Resolution Direct Radiation Detection: Design Strategies and Applications. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2304523. [PMID: 37726105 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a rapid rise in the performance of optoelectronic devices based on lead-halide perovskites (LHPs). The large mobility-lifetime products and defect tolerance of these materials, essential for optoelectronics, also make them well-suited for radiation detectors, especially given the heavy elements present, which is essential for strong X-ray and γ-ray attenuation. Over the past decade, LHP thick films, wafers, and single crystals have given rise to direct radiation detectors that have outperformed incumbent technologies in terms of sensitivity (reported values up to 3.5 × 106 µC Gyair -1 cm-2 ), limit of detection (directly measured values down to 1.5 nGyair s-1 ), along with competitive energy and imaging resolution at room temperature. At the same time, lead-free perovskite-inspired materials (e.g., methylammonium bismuth iodide), which have underperformed in solar cells, have recently matched and, in some areas (e.g., in polarization stability), surpassed the performance of LHP detectors. These advances open up opportunities to achieve devices for safer medical imaging, as well as more effective non-invasive analysis for security, nuclear safety, or product inspection applications. Herein, the principles behind the rapid rises in performance of LHP and perovskite-inspired material detectors, and how their properties and performance link with critical applications in non-invasive diagnostics are discussed. The key strategies to engineer the performance of these materials, and the important challenges to overcome to commercialize these new technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanh-Hai Le
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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5
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Musiienko A, Yang F, Gries TW, Frasca C, Friedrich D, Al-Ashouri A, Sağlamkaya E, Lang F, Kojda D, Huang YT, Stacchini V, Hoye RLZ, Ahmadi M, Kanak A, Abate A. Resolving electron and hole transport properties in semiconductor materials by constant light-induced magneto transport. Nat Commun 2024; 15:316. [PMID: 38182589 PMCID: PMC10770130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of minority and majority charge carrier properties enables controlling the performance of solar cells, transistors, detectors, sensors, and LEDs. Here, we developed the constant light induced magneto transport method which resolves electron and hole mobility, lifetime, diffusion coefficient and length, and quasi-Fermi level splitting. We demonstrate the implication of the constant light induced magneto transport for silicon and metal halide perovskite films. We resolve the transport properties of electrons and holes predicting the material's effectiveness for solar cell application without making the full device. The accessibility of fourteen material parameters paves the way for in-depth exploration of causal mechanisms limiting the efficiency and functionality of material structures. To demonstrate broad applicability, we further characterized twelve materials with drift mobilities spanning from 10-3 to 103 cm2V-1s-1 and lifetimes varying between 10-9 and 10-3 seconds. The universality of our method its potential to advance optoelectronic devices in various technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Musiienko
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fengjiu Yang
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Thomas William Gries
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Chiara Frasca
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Friedrich
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amran Al-Ashouri
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elifnaz Sağlamkaya
- Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Felix Lang
- ROSI Freigeist Juniorgroup, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Danny Kojda
- Department Dynamics and Transport in Quantum Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Valerio Stacchini
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Mahshid Ahmadi
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Andrii Kanak
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of General Chemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine
| | - Antonio Abate
- Solar Energy Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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6
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Liu X, Cai Z, Wan L, Xiao P, Che B, Yang J, Niu H, Wang H, Zhu J, Huang YT, Zhu H, Zelewski SJ, Chen T, Hoye RLZ, Zhou R. Grain Engineering of Sb 2 S 3 Thin Films to Enable Efficient Planar Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2305841. [PMID: 37947249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sb2 S3 is a promising environmentally friendly semiconductor for high performance solar cells. But, like many other polycrystalline materials, Sb2 S3 is limited by nonradiative recombination and carrier scattering by grain boundaries (GBs). This work shows how the GB density in Sb2 S3 films can be significantly reduced from 1068 ± 40 to 327 ± 23 nm µm-2 by incorporating an appropriate amount of Ce3+ into the precursor solution for Sb2 S3 deposition. Through extensive characterization of structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties, complemented with computations, it is revealed that a critical factor is the formation of an ultrathin Ce2 S3 layer at the CdS/Sb2 S3 interface, which can reduce the interfacial energy and increase the adhesion work between Sb2 S3 and the substrate to encourage heterogeneous nucleation of Sb2 S3 , as well as promote lateral grain growth. Through reductions in nonradiative recombination at GBs and/or the CdS/Sb2 S3 heterointerface, as well as improved charge-carrier transport properties at the heterojunction, this work achieves high performance Sb2 S3 solar cells with a power conversion efficiency reaching 7.66%. An impressive open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 796 mV is achieved, which is the highest reported thus far for Sb2 S3 solar cells. This work provides a strategy to simultaneously regulate the nucleation and growth of Sb2 S3 absorber films for enhanced device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Bo Che
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Haihong Niu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Academy of OptoElectric Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Gallium Oxide Optoelectronic Devices, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Ru Zhou
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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7
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Lal S, Righetto M, Ulatowski AM, Motti SG, Sun Z, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Hoye RLZ, Herz LM. Bandlike Transport and Charge-Carrier Dynamics in BiOI Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6620-6629. [PMID: 37462354 PMCID: PMC10388347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Following the emergence of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) as materials for efficient solar cells, research has progressed to explore stable, abundant, and nontoxic alternatives. However, the performance of such lead-free perovskite-inspired materials (PIMs) still lags significantly behind that of their LHP counterparts. For bismuth-based PIMs, one significant reason is a frequently observed ultrafast charge-carrier localization (or self-trapping), which imposes a fundamental limit on long-range mobility. Here we report the terahertz (THz) photoconductivity dynamics in thin films of BiOI and demonstrate a lack of such self-trapping, with good charge-carrier mobility, reaching ∼3 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 295 K and increasing gradually to ∼13 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 5 K, indicative of prevailing bandlike transport. Using a combination of transient photoluminescence and THz- and microwave-conductivity spectroscopy, we further investigate charge-carrier recombination processes, revealing charge-specific trapping of electrons at defects in BiOI over nanoseconds and low bimolecular band-to-band recombination. Subject to the development of passivation protocols, BiOI thus emerges as a superior light-harvesting semiconductor among the family of bismuth-based semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Lal
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Righetto
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksander M Ulatowski
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia G Motti
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhuotong Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13PU, United Kingdom
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Hoye RLZ. Perovskite-inspired materials for energy applications. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:410201. [PMID: 37356434 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites have come to dominate the emerging photovoltaics research scene over the past decade. But whilst perovskite photovoltaics exhibit exceptional efficiencies, their limited stability, as well as the toxicity of their lead component remain challenges. This focus collection captures a snapshot of the efforts in the community to address these challenges, from modifications to the synthesis and device structure of perovskite photovoltaics to improve their stability, through to efforts to understand, develop, and improve lead-free perovskite-inspired materials (PIMs). PIMs range from direct perovskite-derivatives (e.g. CsSnI3or halide elpasolites) through to electronic analogs (e.g. BiOI). The collection discusses the application of these materials not only for solar cells, but also more broadly for photodetection, light emission, and anti-counterfeiting devices. This collection emphasizes the diversity of strategies and directions in this field, as well as its highly interdisciplinary nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
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9
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Zhu Y, Lim J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Sarkar S, Ramsden H, Li Y, Yan H, Phuyal D, Gauriot N, Rao A, Hoye RLZ, Eda G, Chhowalla M. Room-Temperature Photoluminescence Mediated by Sulfur Vacancies in 2D Molybdenum Disulfide. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37418552 PMCID: PMC10373523 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomic defects in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as chalcogen vacancies significantly affect their properties. In this work, we provide a reproducible and facile strategy to rationally induce chalcogen vacancies in monolayer MoS2 by annealing at 600 °C in an argon/hydrogen (95%/5%) atmosphere. Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that a Mo 3d5/2 core peak at 230.1 eV emerges in the annealed MoS2 associated with nonstoichiometric MoSx (0 < x < 2), and Raman spectroscopy shows an enhancement of the ∼380 cm-1 peak that is attributed to sulfur vacancies. At sulfur vacancy densities of ∼1.8 × 1014 cm-2, we observe a defect peak at ∼1.72 eV (referred to as LXD) at room temperature in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The LXD peak is attributed to excitons trapped at defect-induced in-gap states and is typically observed only at low temperatures (≤77 K). Time-resolved PL measurements reveal that the lifetime of defect-mediated LXD emission is longer than that of band edge excitons, both at room and low temperatures (∼2.44 ns at 8 K). The LXD peak can be suppressed by annealing the defective MoS2 in sulfur vapor, which indicates that it is possible to passivate the vacancies. Our results provide insights into how excitonic and defect-mediated PL emissions in MoS2 are influenced by sulfur vacancies at room and low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Zhu
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Juhwan Lim
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Soumya Sarkar
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Ramsden
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Dibya Phuyal
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Division of Material and Nano Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, 117542, Singapore
| | - Manish Chhowalla
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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10
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Kaur A, Darvill D, Xiang S, Heng JYY, Petrov PK, Hoye RLZ, Chen R. Development of Nanopackaging for Storage and Transport of Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37279451 PMCID: PMC10375581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Easily deploying new vaccines globally to combat disease outbreaks has been highlighted as a major necessity by the World Health Organization. RNA-based vaccines using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a drug delivery system were employed to great effect during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, LNPs are still unstable at room temperature and agglomerate over time during storage, rendering them ineffective for intracellular delivery. We demonstrate the suitability of nanohole arrays (nanopackaging) as patterned surfaces to separate and store functionalized LNPs (fLNPs) in individual recesses, which can be expanded to other therapeutics. Encapsulating calcein as a model drug, we show through confocal microscopy the effective loading of fLNPs into our nanopackaging for both wet and dry systems. We prove quantifiably pH-mediated capture and subsequent unloading of over 30% of the fLNPs using QCM-D on alumina surfaces altering the pH from 5.5 to 7, displaying controllable storage at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Darvill
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Shuning Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jerry Y Y Heng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter K Petrov
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Ye J, Arul R, Nieuwoudt MK, Dong J, Zhang T, Dai L, Greenham NC, Rao A, Hoye RLZ, Gao W, Simpson MC. Understanding the Chemical Mechanism behind Photoinduced Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4607-4616. [PMID: 37166115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced enhanced Raman spectroscopy (PIERS) is a new surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) modality with a 680% Raman signal enhancement of adsorbed analytes over that of SERS. Despite the explosion in recent demonstrations, the PIERS mechanism remains undetermined. Using X-ray and time-resolved optical spectroscopies, electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory simulations, we elucidate the atomic-scale mechanism behind PIERS. Stable PIERS substrates were fabricated using self-organized arrays of TiO2 nanotubes with controlled oxygen vacancy doping and size-controlled silver nanoparticles. The key source of PIERS vs SERS enhancement is an increase in the Raman polarizability of the adsorbed analyte upon photoinduced charge transfer. A balance between improved crystallinity, which enhances charge transfer due to higher electron mobility but decreases light absorption, and increased oxygen vacancy defect concentration, which increases light absorption, is critical. This work enables the rational design of PIERS substrates for sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rakesh Arul
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The Dodd Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michel K Nieuwoudt
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The Dodd Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Junzhe Dong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - M Cather Simpson
- The Photon Factory, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- The Dodd Walls Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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12
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Jagt RA, Bravić I, Eyre L, Gałkowski K, Borowiec J, Dudipala KR, Baranowski M, Dyksik M, van de Goor TWJ, Kreouzis T, Xiao M, Bevan A, Płochocka P, Stranks SD, Deschler F, Monserrat B, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Hoye RLZ. Layered BiOI single crystals capable of detecting low dose rates of X-rays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2452. [PMID: 37117174 PMCID: PMC10147687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting low dose rates of X-rays is critical for making safer radiology instruments, but is limited by the absorber materials available. Here, we develop bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) single crystals into effective X-ray detectors. BiOI features complex lattice dynamics, owing to the ionic character of the lattice and weak van der Waals interactions between layers. Through use of ultrafast spectroscopy, first-principles computations and detailed optical and structural characterisation, we show that photoexcited charge-carriers in BiOI couple to intralayer breathing phonon modes, forming large polarons, thus enabling longer drift lengths for the photoexcited carriers than would be expected if self-trapping occurred. This, combined with the low and stable dark currents and high linear X-ray attenuation coefficients, leads to strong detector performance. High sensitivities reaching 1.1 × 103 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 are achieved, and the lowest dose rate directly measured by the detectors was 22 nGyair s-1. The photophysical principles discussed herein offer new design avenues for novel materials with heavy elements and low-dimensional electronic structures for (opto)electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jagt
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Ivona Bravić
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lissa Eyre
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, D-85748, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Joanna Borowiec
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Kavya Reddy Dudipala
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, UPR 3228, Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, UPR 3228, Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tim W J van de Goor
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Theo Kreouzis
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, 519082, Zhuhai, China
| | - Adrian Bevan
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paulina Płochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, UPR 3228, Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Felix Deschler
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, D-85748, Germany
- Physikalisch-Chemisches-Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neunheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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13
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Gallop NP, Ye J, Greetham GM, Jansen TLC, Dai L, Zelewski SJ, Arul R, Baumberg JJ, Hoye RLZ, Bakulin AA. The effect of caesium alloying on the ultrafast structural dynamics of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. J Mater Chem A Mater 2022; 10:22408-22418. [PMID: 36352854 PMCID: PMC9624371 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta05207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites have attracted considerable attention over recent years as promising processable electronic materials. In particular, the rich structural dynamics of these 'soft' materials has become a subject of investigation and debate due to their direct influence on the perovskites' optoelectronic properties. Significant effort has focused on understanding the role and behaviour of the organic cations within the perovskite, as their rotational dynamics may be linked to material stability, heterogeneity and performance in (opto)electronic devices. To this end, we use two-dimensional IR spectroscopy (2DIR) to understand the effect of partial caesium alloying on the rotational dynamics of the methylammonium cation in the archetypal hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. We find that caesium incorporation primarily inhibits the slower 'reorientational jump' modes of the organic cation, whilst a smaller effect on the fast 'wobbling time' may be due to distortions and rigidisation of the inorganic cuboctahedral cage. 2DIR centre-line-slope analysis further reveals that while static disorder increases with caesium substitution, the dynamic disorder (reflected in the phase memory of the N-H stretching mode of methylammonium) is largely independent of caesium addition. Our results contribute to the development of a unified model of cation dynamics within organohalide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rakesh Arul
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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14
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Otero‐Martínez C, Imran M, Schrenker NJ, Ye J, Ji K, Rao A, Stranks SD, Hoye RLZ, Bals S, Manna L, Pérez‐Juste J, Polavarapu L. Fast A‐Site Cation Cross‐Exchange at Room Temperature: Single‐to Double‐ and Triple‐Cation Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205617. [PMID: 35748492 PMCID: PMC9540746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here fast A‐site cation cross‐exchange between APbX3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) made of different A‐cations (Cs (cesium), FA (formamidinium), and MA (methylammonium)) at room temperature. Surprisingly, the A‐cation cross‐exchange proceeds as fast as the halide (X=Cl, Br, or I) exchange with the help of free A‐oleate complexes present in the freshly prepared colloidal perovskite NC solutions. This enabled the preparation of double (MACs, MAFA, CsFA)‐ and triple (MACsFA)‐cation perovskite NCs with an optical band gap that is finely tunable by their A‐site composition. The optical spectroscopy together with structural analysis using XRD and atomically resolved high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM indicates the homogeneous distribution of different cations in the mixed perovskite NC lattice. Unlike halide ions, the A‐cations do not phase‐segregate under light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero‐Martínez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Nanochemistry Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Nadine J. Schrenker
- EMAT and Nanolab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and Nanolab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Jorge Pérez‐Juste
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
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15
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Andrei V, Ucoski GM, Pornrungroj C, Uswachoke C, Wang Q, Achilleos DS, Kasap H, Sokol KP, Jagt RA, Lu H, Lawson T, Wagner A, Pike SD, Wright DS, Hoye RLZ, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Joyce HJ, Friend RH, Reisner E. Floating perovskite-BiVO 4 devices for scalable solar fuel production. Nature 2022; 608:518-522. [PMID: 35978127 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) artificial leaves hold the potential to lower the costs of sustainable solar fuel production by integrating light harvesting and catalysis within one compact device. However, current deposition techniques limit their scalability1, whereas fragile and heavy bulk materials can affect their transport and deployment. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of lightweight artificial leaves by employing thin, flexible substrates and carbonaceous protection layers. Lead halide perovskite photocathodes deposited onto indium tin oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate achieved an activity of 4,266 µmol H2 g-1 h-1 using a platinum catalyst, whereas photocathodes with a molecular Co catalyst for CO2 reduction attained a high CO:H2 selectivity of 7.2 under lower (0.1 sun) irradiation. The corresponding lightweight perovskite-BiVO4 PEC devices showed unassisted solar-to-fuel efficiencies of 0.58% (H2) and 0.053% (CO), respectively. Their potential for scalability is demonstrated by 100 cm2 stand-alone artificial leaves, which sustained a comparable performance and stability (of approximately 24 h) to their 1.7 cm2 counterparts. Bubbles formed under operation further enabled 30-100 mg cm-2 devices to float, while lightweight reactors facilitated gas collection during outdoor testing on a river. This leaf-like PEC device bridges the gulf in weight between traditional solar fuel approaches, showcasing activities per gram comparable to those of photocatalytic suspensions and plant leaves. The presented lightweight, floating systems may enable open-water applications, thus avoiding competition with land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Andrei
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Optoelectronics Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geani M Ucoski
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chanon Pornrungroj
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chawit Uswachoke
- Electronic and Photonic Nanodevices, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Demetra S Achilleos
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hatice Kasap
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarzyna P Sokol
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Jagt
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Haijiao Lu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takashi Lawson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian D Pike
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominic S Wright
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Optoelectronics Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hannah J Joyce
- Electronic and Photonic Nanodevices, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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16
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Andrei V, Jagt RA, Rahaman M, Lari L, Lazarov VK, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Hoye RLZ, Reisner E. Long-term solar water and CO 2 splitting with photoelectrochemical BiOI-BiVO 4 tandems. Nat Mater 2022; 21:864-868. [PMID: 35618828 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices have been developed for direct solar fuel production but the limited stability of submerged light absorbers can hamper their commercial prospects.1,2 Here, we demonstrate photocathodes with an operational H2 evolution activity over weeks, by integrating a BiOI light absorber into a robust, oxide-based architecture with a graphite paste conductive encapsulant. In this case, the activity towards proton and CO2 reduction is mainly limited by catalyst degradation. We also introduce multiple-pixel devices as an innovative design principle for PEC systems, displaying superior photocurrents, onset biases and stability over corresponding conventional single-pixel devices. Accordingly, PEC tandem devices comprising multiple-pixel BiOI photocathodes and BiVO4 photoanodes can sustain bias-free water splitting for 240 h, while devices with a Cu92In8 alloy catalyst demonstrate unassisted syngas production from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Andrei
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Optoelectronics Group, University of Cambridge, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Jagt
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Motiar Rahaman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leonardo Lari
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Vlado K Lazarov
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Ye J, Li Z, Kubicki DJ, Zhang Y, Dai L, Otero-Martínez C, Reus MA, Arul R, Dudipala KR, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Huang YT, Li Z, Chen Z, Müller-Buschbaum P, Yip HL, Stranks SD, Grey CP, Baumberg JJ, Greenham NC, Polavarapu L, Rao A, Hoye RLZ. Elucidating the Role of Antisolvents on the Surface Chemistry and Optoelectronic Properties of CsPbBr xI 3-x Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12102-12115. [PMID: 35759794 PMCID: PMC9284547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Colloidal lead-halide
perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) have emerged
over the past decade as leading candidates for efficient next-generation
optoelectronic devices, but their properties and performance critically
depend on how they are purified. While antisolvents are widely used
for purification, a detailed understanding of how the polarity of
the antisolvent influences the surface chemistry and composition of
the NCs is missing in the field. Here, we fill this knowledge gap
by
studying the surface chemistry of purified CsPbBrxI3-x NCs as the model system,
which in itself is considered a promising candidate for pure-red light-emitting
diodes and top-cells for tandem photovoltaics. Interestingly, we find
that as the polarity of the antisolvent increases (from methyl acetate
to acetone to butanol), there is a blueshift in the photoluminescence
(PL) peak of the NCs along with a decrease in PL quantum yield (PLQY).
Through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
measurements, we find that these changes in PL properties arise from
antisolvent-induced iodide removal, which leads to a change in halide
composition and, thus, the bandgap. Using detailed nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
measurements along with density functional theory calculations, we
propose that more polar antisolvents favor the detachment of the oleic
acid and oleylamine ligands, which undergo amide condensation reactions,
leading to the removal of iodide anions from the NC surface bound
to these ligands. This work shows that careful selection of low-polarity
antisolvents is a critical part of designing the synthesis of NCs
to achieve high PLQYs with minimal defect-mediated phase segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Otero-Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel A Reus
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rakesh Arul
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kavya Reddy Dudipala
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zewei Li
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ziming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Otero-Martínez C, Imran M, Schrenker NJ, Ye J, Ji K, Rao A, Stranks SD, Hoye RLZ, Bals S, Manna L, Pérez-Juste J, Polavarapu L. Fast A‐Site Cation Cross‐exchange at Room Temperature: Single‐to Double‐ and Triple‐Cation Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero-Martínez
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Muhammad Imran
- IIT: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Nanochemistry ITALY
| | | | - Junzhi Ye
- University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kangyu Ji
- University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Akshay Rao
- University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Sara Bals
- University of Antwerp - City campus: Universiteit Antwerpen EMAT BELGIUM
| | - Liberato Manna
- IIT: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Nanochemistry ITALY
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Department of Physics Lagoas-Marcosende 36310 Vigo SPAIN
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19
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Otero-Martínez C, Ye J, Sung J, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Xia Z, Rao A, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. Colloidal Metal-Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Thickness-Controlled Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Light-Emitting Diodes. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2107105. [PMID: 34775643 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) are gaining significant attention for a wide range of optoelectronics applications owing to their exciting properties, such as defect tolerance, near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range. Although the optical properties of MHP NCs are easily tunable through their halide composition, they suffer from light-induced halide phase segregation that limits their use in devices. However, MHPs can be synthesized in the form of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPls) with monolayer (ML)-level thickness control, exhibiting strong quantum confinement effects, and thus enabling tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range by controlling the thickness of bromide or iodide-based lead-halide perovskite NPls. In addition, the NPls exhibit narrow emission peaks, have high exciton binding energies, and a higher fraction of radiative recombination compared to their bulk counterparts, making them ideal candidates for applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This review discusses the state-of-the-art in colloidal MHP NPls: synthetic routes, thickness-controlled synthesis of both organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic MHP NPls, their linear and nonlinear optical properties (including charge-carrier dynamics), and their performance in LEDs. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their thickness-controlled synthesis, environmental and thermal stability, and their application in making efficient LEDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero-Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Deparment of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, 36310, Spain
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, 36310, Spain
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20
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Ye J, Byranvand MM, Martínez CO, Hoye RLZ, Saliba M, Polavarapu L. Defect Passivation in Lead-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and Thin Films: Toward Efficient LEDs and Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21636-21660. [PMID: 33730428 PMCID: PMC8518834 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites (LHPs), in the form of both colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) and thin films, have emerged over the past decade as leading candidates for next-generation, efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. Owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), LHPs efficiently convert injected charge carriers into light and vice versa. However, despite the defect-tolerance of LHPs, defects at the surface of colloidal NCs and grain boundaries in thin films play a critical role in charge-carrier transport and nonradiative recombination, which lowers the PLQYs, device efficiency, and stability. Therefore, understanding the defects that play a key role in limiting performance, and developing effective passivation routes are critical for achieving advances in performance. This Review presents the current understanding of defects in halide perovskites and their influence on the optical and charge-carrier transport properties. Passivation strategies toward improving the efficiencies of perovskite-based LEDs and solar cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish LaboratoryUniversity of Cambridge19, JJ Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4770569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNERIEK5-PhotovoltaikForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Clara Otero Martínez
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupDepartment of Physical ChemistryCampus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende36310VigoSpain
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 4770569StuttgartGermany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNERIEK5-PhotovoltaikForschungszentrum Jülich52425JülichGermany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupDepartment of Physical ChemistryCampus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende36310VigoSpain
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21
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Dey A, Ye J, De A, Debroye E, Ha SK, Bladt E, Kshirsagar AS, Wang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Quan LN, Yan F, Gao M, Li X, Shamsi J, Debnath T, Cao M, Scheel MA, Kumar S, Steele JA, Gerhard M, Chouhan L, Xu K, Wu XG, Li Y, Zhang Y, Dutta A, Han C, Vincon I, Rogach AL, Nag A, Samanta A, Korgel BA, Shih CJ, Gamelin DR, Son DH, Zeng H, Zhong H, Sun H, Demir HV, Scheblykin IG, Mora-Seró I, Stolarczyk JK, Zhang JZ, Feldmann J, Hofkens J, Luther JM, Pérez-Prieto J, Li L, Manna L, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Roeffaers MBJ, Pradhan N, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Yang P, Müller-Buschbaum P, Kamat PV, Bao Q, Zhang Q, Krahne R, Galian RE, Stranks SD, Bals S, Biju V, Tisdale WA, Yan Y, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2021; 15:10775-10981. [PMID: 34137264 PMCID: PMC8482768 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.
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Grants
- from U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- European Research Council under the European Unionâ??s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION)
- Ministry of Education - Singapore
- FLAG-ERA JTC2019 project PeroGas.
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
- EPSRC
- iBOF funding
- Agencia Estatal de Investigaci�ón, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci�ón y Universidades
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Croucher Foundation
- US NSF
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Science Foundation
- Royal Society and Tata Group
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China
- Research 12210 Foundation?Flanders
- Japan International Cooperation Agency
- Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Project STABLE
- Generalitat Valenciana via Prometeo Grant Q-Devices
- VetenskapsrÃÂ¥det
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- KU Leuven
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Ministerio de EconomÃÂa y Competitividad
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Hercules Foundation
- China Association for Science and Technology
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- Welch Foundation
- Vlaamse regering
- European Commission
- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Dey
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Apurba De
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Kyun Ha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eva Bladt
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anuraj S. Kshirsagar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School
of
Science and Technology for Optoelectronic Information ,Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue Wang
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fei Yan
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Javad Shamsi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Manuel A. Scheel
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian A. Steele
- MACS Department
of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lata Chouhan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ke Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Multiscale
Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian-gang Wu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Yangning Zhang
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chuang Han
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Ilka Vincon
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Anunay Samanta
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel R. Gamelin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Handong Sun
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics,
UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Jacek K. Stolarczyk
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Z. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Luther
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Liang Li
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Narayan Pradhan
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis
Center, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Notre Dame
Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence
in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Raquel E. Galian
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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22
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Huang YT, Kavanagh SR, Scanlon DO, Walsh A, Hoye RLZ. Corrigendum: Perovskite-inspired materials for photovoltaics and beyond-from design to devices (2021 Nanotechnology32132004). Nanotechnology 2021; 32:379501. [PMID: 34077912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Seán R Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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23
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Ye J, Byranvand MM, Martínez CO, Hoye RLZ, Saliba M, Polavarapu L. Defect Passivation in Lead‐Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals and Thin Films: Toward Efficient LEDs and Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Clara Otero Martínez
- CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv) University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 47 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
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24
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Huang YT, Kavanagh SR, Scanlon DO, Walsh A, Hoye RLZ. Perovskite-inspired materials for photovoltaics and beyond-from design to devices. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:132004. [PMID: 33260167 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abcf6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskites have demonstrated astonishing increases in power conversion efficiency in photovoltaics over the last decade. The most efficient perovskite devices now outperform industry-standard multi-crystalline silicon solar cells, despite the fact that perovskites are typically grown at low temperature using simple solution-based methods. However, the toxicity of lead and its ready solubility in water are concerns for widespread implementation. These challenges, alongside the many successes of the perovskites, have motivated significant efforts across multiple disciplines to find lead-free and stable alternatives which could mimic the ability of the perovskites to achieve high performance with low temperature, facile fabrication methods. This Review discusses the computational and experimental approaches that have been taken to discover lead-free perovskite-inspired materials, and the recent successes and challenges in synthesizing these compounds. The atomistic origins of the extraordinary performance exhibited by lead-halide perovskites in photovoltaic devices is discussed, alongside the key challenges in engineering such high-performance in alternative, next-generation materials. Beyond photovoltaics, this Review discusses the impact perovskite-inspired materials have had in spurring efforts to apply new materials in other optoelectronic applications, namely light-emitting diodes, photocatalysts, radiation detectors, thin film transistors and memristors. Finally, the prospects and key challenges faced by the field in advancing the development of perovskite-inspired materials towards realization in commercial devices is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Seán R Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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25
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Napari M, Huq TN, Meeth DJ, Heikkilä MJ, Niang KM, Wang H, Iivonen T, Wang H, Leskelä M, Ritala M, Flewitt AJ, Hoye RLZ, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Role of ALD Al 2O 3 Surface Passivation on the Performance of p-Type Cu 2O Thin Film Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:4156-4164. [PMID: 33443398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-performance p-type oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have great potential for many semiconductor applications. However, these devices typically suffer from low hole mobility and high off-state currents. We fabricated p-type TFTs with a phase-pure polycrystalline Cu2O semiconductor channel grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The TFT switching characteristics were improved by applying a thin ALD Al2O3 passivation layer on the Cu2O channel, followed by vacuum annealing at 300 °C. Detailed characterization by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the surface of Cu2O is reduced following Al2O3 deposition and indicates the formation of a 1-2 nm thick CuAlO2 interfacial layer. This, together with field-effect passivation caused by the high negative fixed charge of the ALD Al2O3, leads to an improvement in the TFT performance by reducing the density of deep trap states as well as by reducing the accumulation of electrons in the semiconducting layer in the device off-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Napari
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Tahmida N Huq
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - David J Meeth
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Mikko J Heikkilä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kham M Niang
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Han Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tomi Iivonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Andrew J Flewitt
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
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26
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Nasane MP, Rondiya SR, Jadhav CD, Rahane GR, Cross RW, Jathar S, Jadhav Y, Barma S, Nilegave D, Jadkar V, Rokade A, Funde A, Chavan PG, Hoye RLZ, Dzade NY, Jadkar S. An interlinked computational–experimental investigation into SnS nanoflakes for field emission applications. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00902h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Layered binary semiconductor materials have attracted significant interest as field emitters due to their low work function, mechanical stability, and high thermal and electrical conductivity.
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27
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Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Costa VCP, Delport G, Frohna K, Hoye RLZ, Stranks SD, Coffer JL. Structural and spectroscopic studies of a nanostructured silicon-perovskite interface. Nanoscale 2020; 12:4498-4505. [PMID: 32031192 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While extensively investigated in thin film form for energy materials applications, this work investigates the formation of APbBr3 structures (A = CH3NH3+ (MA), Cs+) in silicon and oxidized silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with varying inner diameter. We carefully control the extent of oxidation of the nanotube host and correlate the relative Si/Si oxide content in a given nanotube host with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE) of the perovskite. Complementing these measurements is an evaluation of average PL lifetimes of a given APbBr3 nanostructure, as evaluated by time-resolved confocal photoluminescence measurements. Increasing Si (decreasing oxide) content in the nanotube host results in a sensitive reduction of MAPbBr3 PLQE, with a concomitant decrease in average lifetime (τave). We interpret these observations in terms of decreased defect passivation by a lower concentration of oxide species surrounding the perovskite. In addition, we show that the use of selected nanotube templates leads to more stable perovskite PL in air over time (weeks). Taken in concert, such fundamental observations have implications for interfacial carrier interactions in tandem Si/perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA.
| | - Viviana C P Costa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA.
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB 3 0FS, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery L Coffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298860, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA.
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28
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Li Y, Hoye RLZ, Gao HH, Yan L, Zhang X, Zhou Y, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Gan J. Over 20% Efficiency in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Stability via "in Situ Solidification" of the TiO 2 Compact Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:7135-7143. [PMID: 31961122 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the device performance is strongly influenced by the TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL). Typically, the ETL needs to simultaneously be thin and pinhole-free to have high transmittance and avoid shunting. In this work, we develop an "in situ solidification" process following spin coating in which the titanium-based precursor (titanium(diisopropoxide) bis(2,4-pentanedionate)) is dried under vacuum to rapidly achieve continuous TiO2 layers. We refer to this as "gas-phase quenching". This results in thin (60 ± 10 nm), uniform, and pinhole-free TiO2 films. The PSCs based on the gas-phase quenched TiO2 exhibits improved power conversion efficiency, with a median value of 18.23% (champion value of 20.43%), compared to 9.03 and 14.09% for the untreated devices. Gas-phase quenching is further shown to be effective in enabling efficient charge transfer at the MAPbI3/TiO2 heterointerface. Furthermore, the stability of the gas-phase quenched devices is enhanced in ambient air as well as under 1 sun illumination. In addition, we achieve 12.1% efficiency in upscaled devices (1.1 cm2 active area).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Huan-Huan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lihe Yan
- School of Electronic & Information Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Jiantuo Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Xi'an Shiyou University , Xi'an 710065 , People's Republic of China
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29
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Stranks SD, Hoye RLZ, Di D, Friend RH, Deschler F. The Physics of Light Emission in Halide Perovskite Devices. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1803336. [PMID: 30187974 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light emission is a critical property that must be maximized and controlled to reach the performance limits in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Halide perovskites are an exciting family of materials for these applications owing to uniquely promising attributes that favor strong luminescence in device structures. Herein, the current understanding of the physics of light emission in state-of-the-art metal-halide perovskite devices is presented. Photon generation and management, and how these can be further exploited in device structures, are discussed. Key processes involved in photoluminescence and electroluminescence in devices as well as recent efforts to reduce nonradiative losses in neat films and interfaces are discussed. Finally, pathways toward reaching device efficiency limits and how the unique properties of perovskites provide a tremendous opportunity to significantly disrupt both the power generation and lighting industries are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dawei Di
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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30
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Ahmad S, Sadhanala A, Hoye RLZ, Andrei V, Modarres MH, Zhao B, Rongé J, Friend R, De Volder M. Triple-Cation-Based Perovskite Photocathodes with AZO Protective Layer for Hydrogen Production Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:23198-23206. [PMID: 31252465 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are actively pursued as photoelectrodes to drive solar fuel synthesis. However, currently, these photocathodes suffer from limited stability in water, which hampers their practical application. Here, we report a high-performance solution-processable photocathode composed of cesium formamidinium methylammonium triple-cation lead halide perovskite protected by an Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layer combined with a Field's metal encapsulation. Careful selection of charge transport layers resulted in an improvement in photocurrent, fill factor, device stability and reproducibility. The dead pixels count reduced from 25 to 6% for the devices with an AZO layer, and in photocathodes with an AZO layer the photocurrent density increased by almost 20% to 14.3 mA cm-2. In addition, we observed a 5-fold increase in the device lifetime for photocathodes with AZO, which reached up to 18 h before complete failure. Finally, the photocathodes are fabricated using low-cost and scalable methods, which have promise to become compatible with standard solution-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) , New Delhi 110025 , India
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Virgil Andrei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hadi Modarres
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Baodan Zhao
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rongé
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis , KU Leuven , Leuven B-3001 , Belgium
| | - Richard Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Michael De Volder
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
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31
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Hoye RLZ, Lai ML, Anaya M, Tong Y, Gałkowski K, Doherty T, Li W, Huq TN, Mackowski S, Polavarapu L, Feldmann J, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Friend RH, Urban AS, Stranks SD. Identifying and Reducing Interfacial Losses to Enhance Color-Pure Electroluminescence in Blue-Emitting Perovskite Nanoplatelet Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Energy Lett 2019; 4:1181-1188. [PMID: 31119197 PMCID: PMC6516044 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.9b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanoplatelets (NPls) hold promise for light-emitting applications, having achieved photoluminescence quantum efficiencies approaching unity in the blue wavelength range, where other metal-halide perovskites have typically been ineffective. However, the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of blue-emitting NPl light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have reached only 0.12%. In this work, we show that NPl LEDs are primarily limited by a poor electronic interface between the emitter and hole injector. We show that the NPls have remarkably deep ionization potentials (≥6.5 eV), leading to large barriers for hole injection, as well as substantial nonradiative decay at the NPl/hole-injector interface. We find that an effective way to reduce these nonradiative losses is by using poly(triarylamine) interlayers, which lead to an increase in the EQE of the blue (464 nm emission wavelength) and sky-blue (489 nm emission wavelength) LEDs to 0.3% and 0.55%, respectively. Our work also identifies the key challenges for further efficiency increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- E-mail: (R. L. Z. Hoye)
| | - May-Ling Lai
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Yu Tong
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziadzka St., 87−100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Tiarnan Doherty
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Tahmida N. Huq
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5th Grudziadzka St., 87−100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair
for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department
of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. Urban
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM) and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Nanospectroscopy
Group, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- E-mail: (S. D. Stranks)
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32
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Zhao B, Lee LC, Yang L, Pearson AJ, Lu H, She XJ, Cui L, Zhang KHL, Hoye RLZ, Karani A, Xu P, Sadhanala A, Greenham NC, Friend RH, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Di D. In Situ Atmospheric Deposition of Ultrasmooth Nickel Oxide for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:41849-41854. [PMID: 30461255 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention due to their remarkable performance. The use of alternative metal-oxide charge-transport layers is a strategy to improving device reliability for large-scale fabrication and long-term applications. Here, we report solution-processed perovskite solar cells employing nickel oxide hole-extraction layers produced in situ using an atmospheric pressure spatial atomic-layer deposition system, which is compatible with high-throughput processing of electronic devices from solution. Our sub-nanometer smooth (average roughness of ≤0.6 nm) oxide films enable the efficient collection of holes and the formation of perovskite absorbers with high electronic quality. Initial solar-cell experiments show a power-conversion efficiency of 17.1%, near-unity ideality factors, and a fill factor of >80% with negligible hysteresis. Transient measurements reveal that a key contributor to this performance is the reduced luminescence quenching trap density in the perovskite/nickel oxide structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Zhao
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Lana C Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Le Yang
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science , Technology and Research (A*STAR) , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 Singapore
| | - Andrew J Pearson
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Haizhou Lu
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, SIST , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Xiao-Jian She
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Linsong Cui
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin H L Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Arfa Karani
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Peicheng Xu
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Dawei Di
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
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33
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Bohn BJ, Tong Y, Gramlich M, Lai ML, Döblinger M, Wang K, Hoye RLZ, Müller-Buschbaum P, Stranks SD, Urban AS, Polavarapu L, Feldmann J. Boosting Tunable Blue Luminescence of Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets through Postsynthetic Surface Trap Repair. Nano Lett 2018; 18:5231-5238. [PMID: 29990435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The easily tunable emission of halide perovskite nanocrystals throughout the visible spectrum makes them an extremely promising material for light-emitting applications. Whereas high quantum yields and long-term colloidal stability have already been achieved for nanocrystals emitting in the red and green spectral range, the blue region currently lags behind with low quantum yields, broad emission profiles, and insufficient colloidal stability. In this work, we present a facile synthetic approach for obtaining two-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets with monolayer-precise control over their thickness, resulting in sharp photoluminescence and electroluminescence peaks with a tunable emission wavelength between 432 and 497 nm due to quantum confinement. Subsequent addition of a PbBr2-ligand solution repairs surface defects likely stemming from bromide and lead vacancies in a subensemble of weakly emissive nanoplatelets. The overall photoluminescence quantum yield of the blue-emissive colloidal dispersions is consequently enhanced up to a value of 73 ± 2%. Transient optical spectroscopy measurements focusing on the excitonic resonances further confirm the proposed repair process. Additionally, the high stability of these nanoplatelets in films and to prolonged ultraviolet light exposure is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard J Bohn
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstrasse 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstrasse 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Yu Tong
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstrasse 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstrasse 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Moritz Gramlich
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstrasse 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstrasse 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - May Ling Lai
- Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E) , 81377 Munich , Germany
| | - Kun Wang
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Strasse 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Strasse 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S Urban
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstrasse 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstrasse 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstrasse 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstrasse 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Amalienstrasse 54 , 80799 Munich , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstrasse 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
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34
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Hoye RLZ, Lee LC, Kurchin RC, Huq TN, Zhang KHL, Sponseller M, Nienhaus L, Brandt RE, Jean J, Polizzotti JA, Kursumović A, Bawendi MG, Bulović V, Stevanović V, Buonassisi T, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Strongly Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance and Defect Physics of Air-Stable Bismuth Oxyiodide (BiOI). Adv Mater 2017; 29:1702176. [PMID: 28715091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth-based compounds have recently gained increasing attention as potentially nontoxic and defect-tolerant solar absorbers. However, many of the new materials recently investigated show limited photovoltaic performance. Herein, one such compound is explored in detail through theory and experiment: bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI). BiOI thin films are grown by chemical vapor transport and found to maintain the same tetragonal phase in ambient air for at least 197 d. The computations suggest BiOI to be tolerant to antisite and vacancy defects. All-inorganic solar cells (ITO|NiOx |BiOI|ZnO|Al) with negligible hysteresis and up to 80% external quantum efficiency under select monochromatic excitation are demonstrated. The short-circuit current densities and power conversion efficiencies under AM 1.5G illumination are nearly double those of previously reported BiOI solar cells, as well as other bismuth halide and chalcohalide photovoltaics recently explored by many groups. Through a detailed loss analysis using optical characterization, photoemission spectroscopy, and device modeling, direction for future improvements in efficiency is provided. This work demonstrates that BiOI, previously considered to be a poor photocatalyst, is promising for photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Z Hoye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lana C Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Rachel C Kurchin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tahmida N Huq
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Kelvin H L Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Lea Nienhaus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Riley E Brandt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joel Jean
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Kursumović
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vladan Stevanović
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Tonio Buonassisi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
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35
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Polizzotti A, Faghaninia A, Poindexter JR, Nienhaus L, Steinmann V, Hoye RLZ, Felten A, Deyine A, Mangan NM, Correa-Baena JP, Shin SS, Jaffer S, Bawendi MG, Lo C, Buonassisi T. Improving the Carrier Lifetime of Tin Sulfide via Prediction and Mitigation of Harmful Point Defects. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3661-3667. [PMID: 28722417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tin monosulfide (SnS) is an emerging thin-film absorber material for photovoltaics. An outstanding challenge is to improve carrier lifetimes to >1 ns, which should enable >10% device efficiencies. However, reported results to date have only demonstrated lifetimes at or below 100 ps. In this study, we employ defect modeling to identify the sulfur vacancy and defects from Fe, Co, and Mo as most recombination-active. We attempt to minimize these defects in crystalline samples through high-purity, sulfur-rich growth and experimentally improve lifetimes to >3 ns, thus achieving our 1 ns goal. This framework may prove effective for unlocking the lifetime potential in other emerging thin-film materials by rapidly identifying and mitigating lifetime-limiting point defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Polizzotti
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alireza Faghaninia
- Washington University in St. Louis , 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jeremy R Poindexter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vera Steinmann
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexandre Felten
- Université de Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Amjad Deyine
- TOTAL Solar Research and Development Department , 2 place Jean Millier - La Défense 6, 92078 Paris La Défense Cedex, France
| | - Niall M Mangan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Correa-Baena
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seong Sik Shin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shaffiq Jaffer
- TOTAL American Services, Inc. , 82 South Street, Hopkington, Massachusetts 01748, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cynthia Lo
- Washington University in St. Louis , 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Tonio Buonassisi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Poindexter JR, Hoye RLZ, Nienhaus L, Kurchin RC, Morishige AE, Looney EE, Osherov A, Correa-Baena JP, Lai B, Bulović V, Stevanović V, Bawendi MG, Buonassisi T. High Tolerance to Iron Contamination in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Nano 2017; 11:7101-7109. [PMID: 28657723 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between charge-carrier lifetime and the tolerance of lead halide perovskite (LHP) solar cells to intrinsic point defects has drawn much attention by helping to explain rapid improvements in device efficiencies. However, little is known about how charge-carrier lifetime and solar cell performance in LHPs are affected by extrinsic defects (i.e., impurities), including those that are common in manufacturing environments and known to introduce deep levels in other semiconductors. Here, we evaluate the tolerance of LHP solar cells to iron introduced via intentional contamination of the feedstock and examine the root causes of the resulting efficiency losses. We find that comparable efficiency losses occur in LHPs at feedstock iron concentrations approximately 100 times higher than those in p-type silicon devices. Photoluminescence measurements correlate iron concentration with nonradiative recombination, which we attribute to the presence of deep-level iron interstitials, as calculated from first-principles, as well as iron-rich particles detected by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy. At moderate contamination levels, we witness prominent recovery of device efficiencies to near-baseline values after biasing at 1.4 V for 60 s in the dark. We theorize that this temporary effect arises from improved charge-carrier collection enhanced by electric fields strengthened from ion migration toward interfaces. Our results demonstrate that extrinsic defect tolerance contributes to high efficiencies in LHP solar cells, which inspires further investigation into potential large-scale manufacturing cost savings as well as the degree of overlap between intrinsic and extrinsic defect tolerance in LHPs and "perovskite-inspired" lead-free stable alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Poindexter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel C Kurchin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ashley E Morishige
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erin E Looney
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna Osherov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vladan Stevanović
- Colorado School of Mines , 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tonio Buonassisi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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37
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Musselman KP, Muñoz-Rojas D, Hoye RLZ, Sun H, Sahonta SL, Croft E, Böhm ML, Ducati C, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Rapid open-air deposition of uniform, nanoscale, functional coatings on nanorod arrays. Nanoscale Horiz 2017; 2:110-117. [PMID: 32260672 DOI: 10.1039/c6nh00197a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coating of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures has previously been achieved using batch processes poorly suited for high-throughput manufacturing. It is demonstrated that uniform, nanoscale coatings can be rapidly deposited on zinc oxide nanorod arrays in open-air using an atmospheric pressure spatial deposition system. The morphology of the metal oxide coatings is examined and good electrical contact with the underlying nanorods is observed. The functionality of the coatings is demonstrated in colloidal quantum dot and hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Musselman
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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38
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Ievskaya Y, Hoye RLZ, Sadhanala A, Musselman KP, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Improved Heterojunction Quality in Cu2O-based Solar Cells Through the Optimization of Atmospheric Pressure Spatial Atomic Layer Deposited Zn1-xMgxO. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27500923 PMCID: PMC5091704 DOI: 10.3791/53501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) was used to deposit n-type ZnO and Zn1-xMgxO thin films onto p-type thermally oxidized Cu2O substrates outside vacuum at low temperature. The performance of photovoltaic devices featuring atmospherically fabricated ZnO/Cu2O heterojunction was dependent on the conditions of AP-SALD film deposition, namely, the substrate temperature and deposition time, as well as on the Cu2O substrate exposure to oxidizing agents prior to and during the ZnO deposition. Superficial Cu2O to CuO oxidation was identified as a limiting factor to heterojunction quality due to recombination at the ZnO/Cu2O interface. Optimization of AP-SALD conditions as well as keeping Cu2O away from air and moisture in order to minimize Cu2O surface oxidation led to improved device performance. A three-fold increase in the open-circuit voltage (up to 0.65 V) and a two-fold increase in the short-circuit current density produced solar cells with a record 2.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This PCE is the highest reported for a Zn1-xMgxO/Cu2O heterojunction formed outside vacuum, which highlights atmospheric pressure spatial ALD as a promising technique for inexpensive and scalable fabrication of Cu2O-based photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Ievskaya
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge;
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge
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39
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Ren X, Sangle A, Zhang S, Yuan S, Zhao Y, Shi L, Hoye RLZ, Cho S, Li D, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Photoelectrochemical water splitting strongly enhanced in fast-grown ZnO nanotree and nanocluster structures. J Mater Chem A Mater 2016; 4:10203-10211. [PMID: 27774147 PMCID: PMC5059783 DOI: 10.1039/c6ta02788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate selective growth of ZnO branched nanostructures: from nanorod clusters (with branches parallel to parent rods) to nanotrees (with branches perpendicular to parent rods). The growth of these structures was realized using a three-step approach: electrodeposition of nanorods (NRs), followed by the sputtering of ZnO seed layers, followed by the growth of branched arms using hydrothermal growth. The density, size and direction of the branches were tailored by tuning the deposition parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first report of control of branch direction. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of the ZnO nanostructures follows the order: nanotrees (NTs) > nanorod clusters (NCs) > parent NRs. The NT structure with the best PEC performance also possesses the shortest fabrication period which had never been reported before. The photocurrent of the NT and NC photoelectrodes is 0.67 and 0.56 mA cm-2 at 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively, an enhancement of 139% and 100% when compared to the ZnO NR structures. The key reason for the improved performance is shown to be the very large surface-to-volume ratios in the branched nanostructures, which gives rise to enhanced light absorption, improved charge transfer across the nanostructure/electrolyte interfaces to the electrolyte and efficient charge transport within the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ren
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 66137197
| | - Abhijeet Sangle
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223334468
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223334468
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 66137197
| | - Yin Zhao
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 66137197
| | - Liyi Shi
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Shanghai University , 99 Shangda Road , Shanghai 200444 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 66137197
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223334468
| | - Seungho Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223334468
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223334468
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40
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Hoye RLZ, Brandt RE, Osherov A, Stevanović V, Stranks SD, Wilson MWB, Kim H, Akey AJ, Perkins JD, Kurchin RC, Poindexter JR, Wang EN, Bawendi MG, Bulović V, Buonassisi T. Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide as a Lead-Free, Stable Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Solar Absorber. Chemistry 2016; 22:2605-10. [PMID: 26866821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead halide (MAPbX3 ) perovskites exhibit exceptional carrier transport properties. But their commercial deployment as solar absorbers is currently limited by their intrinsic instability in the presence of humidity and their lead content. Guided by our theoretical predictions, we explored the potential of methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI) as a solar absorber through detailed materials characterization. We synthesized phase-pure MBI by solution and vapor processing. In contrast to MAPbX3, MBI is air stable, forming a surface layer that does not increase the recombination rate. We found that MBI luminesces at room temperature, with the vapor-processed films exhibiting superior photoluminescence (PL) decay times that are promising for photovoltaic applications. The thermodynamic, electronic, and structural features of MBI that are amenable to these properties are also present in other hybrid ternary bismuth halide compounds. Through MBI, we demonstrate a lead-free and stable alternative to MAPbX3 that has a similar electronic structure and nanosecond lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Z Hoye
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Riley E Brandt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anna Osherov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vladan Stevanović
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.,National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Mark W B Wilson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Austin J Akey
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John D Perkins
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Rachel C Kurchin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy R Poindexter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tonio Buonassisi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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41
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Brandt RE, Kurchin RC, Hoye RLZ, Poindexter JR, Wilson MWB, Sulekar S, Lenahan F, Yen PXT, Stevanović V, Nino JC, Bawendi MG, Buonassisi T. Investigation of Bismuth Triiodide (BiI3) for Photovoltaic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4297-4302. [PMID: 26538045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Guided by predictive discovery framework, we investigate bismuth triiodide (BiI3) as a candidate thin-film photovoltaic (PV) absorber. BiI3 was chosen for its optical properties and the potential for "defect-tolerant" charge transport properties, which we test experimentally by measuring optical absorption and recombination lifetimes. We synthesize phase-pure BiI3 thin films by physical vapor transport and solution processing and single-crystals by an electrodynamic gradient vertical Bridgman method. The bandgap of these materials is ∼1.8 eV, and they demonstrate room-temperature band-edge photoluminescence. We measure monoexponential recombination lifetimes in the range of 180-240 ps for thin films, and longer, multiexponential dynamics for single crystals, with time constants up to 1.3 to 1.5 ns. We discuss the outstanding challenges to developing BiI3 PVs, including mechanical and electrical properties, which can also inform future selection of candidate PV absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley E Brandt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel C Kurchin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremy R Poindexter
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark W B Wilson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Soumitra Sulekar
- University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Frances Lenahan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patricia X T Yen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Vladan Stevanović
- Colorado School of Mines , 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Juan C Nino
- University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tonio Buonassisi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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42
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Sadhanala A, Ahmad S, Zhao B, Giesbrecht N, Pearce PM, Deschler F, Hoye RLZ, Gödel KC, Bein T, Docampo P, Dutton SE, De Volder MFL, Friend RH. Blue-Green Color Tunable Solution Processable Organolead Chloride-Bromide Mixed Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications. Nano Lett 2015; 15:6095-101. [PMID: 26236949 PMCID: PMC4762541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organo-lead halide perovskites are produced with sharp, color-pure electroluminescence that can be tuned from blue to green region of visible spectrum (425-570 nm). This was accomplished by controlling the halide composition of CH3NH3Pb(BrxCl1-x)3 [0 ≤ x ≤ 1] perovskites. The bandgap and lattice parameters change monotonically with composition. The films possess remarkably sharp band edges and a clean bandgap, with a single optically active phase. These chloride-bromide perovskites can potentially be used in optoelectronic devices like solar cells and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Here we demonstrate high color-purity, tunable LEDs with narrow emission full width at half maxima (FWHM) and low turn on voltages using thin-films of these perovskite materials, including a blue CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskite LED with a narrow emission FWHM of 5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, 17 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Baodan Zhao
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadja Giesbrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Center for
NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstraße
5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Phoebe M. Pearce
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karl C. Gödel
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for
NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstraße
5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Pablo Docampo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for
NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Butenandtstraße
5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Siân E. Dutton
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. L. De Volder
- Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, 17 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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43
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Hoye RLZ, Muñoz-Rojas D, Musselman KP, Vaynzof Y, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Synthesis and modeling of uniform complex metal oxides by close-proximity atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:10684-10694. [PMID: 25939729 DOI: 10.1021/am5073589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A close-proximity atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) reactor is developed for synthesizing high quality multicomponent metal oxides for electronics. This combines the advantages of a mechanically controllable substrate-manifold spacing and vertical gas flows. As a result, our AP-CVD reactor can rapidly grow uniform crystalline films on a variety of substrate types at low temperatures without requiring plasma enhancements or low pressures. To demonstrate this, we take the zinc magnesium oxide (Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O) system as an example. By introducing the precursor gases vertically and uniformly to the substrate across the gas manifold, we show that films can be produced with only 3% variation in thickness over a 375 mm(2) deposition area. These thicknesses are significantly more uniform than for films from previous AP-CVD reactors. Our films are also compact, pinhole-free, and have a thickness that is linearly controllable by the number of oscillations of the substrate beneath the gas manifold. Using photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction measurements, we show that for Mg contents below 46 at. %, single phase Zn(1-x)Mg(x)O was produced. To further optimize the growth conditions, we developed a model relating the composition of a ternary oxide with the bubbling rates through the metal precursors. We fitted this model to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measured compositions with an error of Δx = 0.0005. This model showed that the incorporation of Mg into ZnO can be maximized by using the maximum bubbling rate through the Mg precursor for each bubbling rate ratio. When applied to poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) hybrid solar cells, our films yielded an open-circuit voltage increase of over 100% by controlling the Mg content. Such films were deposited in short times (under 2 min over 4 cm(2)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Z Hoye
- †Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- †Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
- ‡LMGP, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kevin P Musselman
- †Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
- §Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- §Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- †Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
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44
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Hoye RLZ, Chua MR, Musselman KP, Li G, Lai ML, Tan ZK, Greenham NC, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Friend RH, Credgington D. Enhanced performance in fluorene-free organometal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes using tunable, low electron affinity oxide electron injectors. Adv Mater 2015; 27:1414-9. [PMID: 25573086 PMCID: PMC4515082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-free perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with low turn-on voltages, higher luminance and sharp, color-pure electroluminescence are obtained by replacing the F8 electron injector with ZnO, which is directly deposited onto the CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite using spatial atmospheric atomic layer deposition. The electron injection barrier can also be reduced by decreasing the ZnO electron affinity through Mg incorporation, leading to lower turn-on voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Matthew R Chua
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kevin P Musselman
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guangru Li
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - May-Ling Lai
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zhi-Kuang Tan
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dan Credgington
- Department of Physics, University of CambridgeJJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- E-mail:
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45
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Hoye RLZ, Ehrler B, Böhm ML, Muñoz-Rojas D, Altamimi RM, Alyamani AY, Vaynzof Y, Sadhanala A, Ercolano G, Greenham NC, Friend RH, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Musselman KP. Improved Open- Circuit Voltage in ZnO-PbSe Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Understanding and Reducing Losses Arising from the ZnO Conduction Band Tail. Adv Energy Mater 2014; 4:1301544. [PMID: 26225131 PMCID: PMC4511390 DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201301544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dot solar cells (CQDSCs) are attracting growing attention owing to significant improvements in efficiency. However, even the best depleted-heterojunction CQDSCs currently display open-circuit voltages (VOCs) at least 0.5 V below the voltage corresponding to the bandgap. We find that the tail of states in the conduction band of the metal oxide layer can limit the achievable device efficiency. By continuously tuning the zinc oxide conduction band position via magnesium doping, we probe this critical loss pathway in ZnO-PbSe CQDSCs and optimize the energetic position of the tail of states, thereby increasing both the VOC (from 408 mV to 608 mV) and the device efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Marcus L Böhm
- Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UABBellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Rashid M Altamimi
- Petrochemicals Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and TechnologyRiyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Y Alyamani
- National Nanotechnology Research Centre, King Abdulaziz City for Science and TechnologyRiyadh, 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Giorgio Ercolano
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Kevin P Musselman
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, 27 Charles Babbage Road, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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46
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Musselman KP, Albert-Seifried S, Hoye RLZ, Sadhanala A, Muñoz-Rojas D, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Friend RH. Improved Exciton Dissociation at Semiconducting Polymer:ZnO Donor:Acceptor Interfaces via Nitrogen Doping of ZnO. Adv Funct Mater 2014; 24:3562-3570. [PMID: 25520604 PMCID: PMC4228972 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201303994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exciton dissociation at the zinc oxide/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (ZnO/P3HT) interface as a function of nitrogen doping of the zinc oxide, which decreases the electron concentration from approximately 1019 cm-3 to 1017 cm-3, is reported. Exciton dissociation and device photocurrent are strongly improved with nitrogen doping. This improved dissociation of excitons in the conjugated polymer is found to result from enhanced light-induced de-trapping of electrons from the surface of the nitrogen-doped ZnO. The ability to improve the surface properties of ZnO by introducing a simple nitrogen dopant has general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Musselman
- Department of Physics University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Ave Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
| | - Sebastian Albert-Seifried
- Department of Physics University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Ave Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Department of Physics University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Ave Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK ; Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la UAB Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Ave Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK E-mail:
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47
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Iza DC, Muñoz-Rojas D, Musselman KP, Weickert J, Jakowetz AC, Sun H, Ren X, Hoye RLZ, Lee JH, Wang H, Schmidt-Mende L, MacManus-Driscoll JL. Nanostructured conformal hybrid solar cells: a promising architecture towards complete charge collection and light absorption. Nanoscale Res Lett 2013; 8:359. [PMID: 23965048 PMCID: PMC3765516 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We introduce hybrid solar cells with an architecture consisting of an electrodeposited ZnO nanorod array (NRA) coated with a conformal thin layer (<50 nm) of organic polymer-fullerene blend and a quasi-conformal Ag top contact (Thin/NR). We have compared the performance of Thin/NR cells to conventional hybrid cells in which the same NRAs are completely filled with organic blend (Thick/NR). The Thin/NR design absorbs at least as much light as Thick/NR cells, while charge extraction is significantly enhanced due to the proximity of the electrodes, resulting in a higher current density per unit volume of blend and improved power conversion efficiency. The NRAs need not be periodic or aligned and hence can be made very simply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Iza
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Kevin P Musselman
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jonas Weickert
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, POB M 680, Constance 78457, Germany
- Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Amalienstr. 54, Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Andreas C Jakowetz
- Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Amalienstr. 54, Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Amalienstr. 54, Munich 80799, Germany
| | - Xin Ren
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Joon H Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lukas Schmidt-Mende
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, POB M 680, Constance 78457, Germany
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