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Negrini R, Appel LC, Beck APA, Eisencraft ACG, Fascina LP, Fernandes FP. Contribution of proactive management of healthcare risks to the reduction of adverse events in a maternity hospital. BMJ Open Qual 2024; 13:e002456. [PMID: 38423586 PMCID: PMC10910639 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risks of the childbirth assistance process are still very high, both for mothers and babies. According to the WHO, birth-related asphyxia accounts for 23% of all 3.3 million annual neonatal deaths and an even larger number of survivors with disabilities. On the other hand, maternal mortality is still a global challenge, affecting 17 mothers per 100 000 births in the USA. This is associated with the use of outdated technologies and a lack of well-defined processes in monitoring labour and early recognition of maternal clinical deterioration. METHOD This study used Lean methodology to map the care flow for pregnant women in a Brazilian maternity hospital (Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein) in order to identify the risks within this process and a set of actions to minimise them. The work team consisted of 29 individuals, including local medical and nursing leaders, as well as healthcare professionals. The What-if tool was used to categorise the levels of risks, and the proportion of severe and catastrophic adverse events was evaluated before and after the implementation of changes. RESULTS After the implementation of the actions, 100% of the extreme risks (28 risks) and 8% of the high risks (4 risks) were eliminated. This led to a reduction in the interval between severe/catastrophic events from 126 to 284 days, even with an increase in the average monthly number of visits from 367 to 449. Consequently, the weighted value of events decreased from 7.91 to 3.29 per 1000 patients treated, resulting in an annual cost savings of R$693 646.80 (US$139 000.00). DISCUSSION The construction of a process based on Lean methodology was essential for mapping the involved risks and implementing a set of actions to minimise them. The participation of the healthcare team and leadership seemed to be important in choosing the measures to be adopted and their applicability. The results found can be attributed to both the established changes and the safety culture brought about by this constructive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Negrini
- Maternal fetal Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliane Costa Appel
- Qualidade e Segurança do Paciente, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bisutti V, Vanzin A, Toscano A, Pegolo S, Giannuzzi D, Tagliapietra F, Schiavon S, Gallo L, Trevisi E, Negrini R, Cecchinato A. Impact of somatic cell count combined with differential somatic cell count on milk protein fractions in Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:6447-6459. [PMID: 35840397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Udder health in dairy herds is a very important issue given its implications for animal welfare and the production of high-quality milk. Somatic cell count (SCC) is the most widely used means of assessing udder health status. However, differential somatic cell count (DSCC) has recently been proposed as a new and more effective means of evaluating intramammary infection dynamics. Differential SCC represents the combined percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes (PMN-LYM) in the total SCC, with macrophages (MAC) accounting for the remaining proportion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SCC and DSCC and the detailed milk protein profile in a population of 1,482 Holstein cows. A validated reversed-phase HPLC method was used to quantify 4 caseins (CN), namely αS1-CN, αS2-CN, κ-CN, and β-CN, and 3 whey protein fractions, namely β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and lactoferrin, which were expressed both quantitatively (g/L) and qualitatively (as a percentage of the total milk nitrogen content, %N). A linear mixed model was fitted to explore the associations between somatic cell score (SCS) combined with DSCC and the protein fractions expressed quantitatively and qualitatively. We ran an additional model that included DSCC expressed as PMN-LYM and MAC counts, obtained by multiplying the percentages of PMN-LYM and MAC by SCC for each cow in the data set. When the protein fractions were expressed as grams per liter, SCS was significantly negatively associated with almost all the casein fractions and positively associated with the whey protein α-lactalbumin, while DSCC was significantly associated with αS1-CN, β-CN, and α-lactalbumin, but in the opposite direction to SCS. We observed the same pattern with the qualitative data (i.e., %N), confirming opposite effects of SCS and DSCC on milk protein fractions. The PMN-LYM count was only slightly associated with the traits of concern, although the pattern observed was the same as when both SCS and DSCC were included in the model. The MAC count, however, generally had a greater impact on many casein fractions, in particular decreasing both β-CN content (g/L) and proportion (%N), and exhibited the opposite pattern to the PMN-LYM count. Our results show that information obtained from both SCS and DSCC may be useful in assessing milk quality and protein fractions. They also demonstrate the potential of MAC count as a novel udder health trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bisutti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - A Vanzin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - A Toscano
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy.
| | - D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - F Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - L Gallo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - R Negrini
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro PD, Italy
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Pegolo S, Tessari R, Bisutti V, Vanzin A, Giannuzzi D, Gianesella M, Lisuzzo A, Fiore E, Barberio A, Schiavon E, Trevisi E, Piccioli Cappelli F, Gallo L, Ruegg P, Negrini R, Cecchinato A. Quarter-level analyses of the associations among subclinical intramammary infection and milk quality, udder health, and cheesemaking traits in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3490-3507. [PMID: 35181135 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated associations among subclinical intra-mammary infection (IMI) and quarter-level milk composition, udder health indicators, and cheesemaking traits. The dataset included records from 450 Holstein cows belonging to three dairy herds. After an initial screening (T0) to identify animals infected by Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Prototheca spp., 613 quarter milk samples for 2 different sampling times (T1 and T2, 1 mo after T1) were used for analysis. Milk traits were analyzed using a hierarchical linear mixed model including the effects of days in milk, parity and herd, and bacteriological and inflammatory category [culture negative with somatic cell count (SCC) <200,000 cells/mL; culture negative with SCC ≥200,000 cells/mL; or culture positive]. All udder health indicators were associated with increased SCC and IMI at both sampling times. The largest effects were detected at T2 for milk lactose (-7% and -5%) and milk conductivity (+9% and +8%). In contrast, the increase in differential SCC (DSCC) in samples with elevated SCC was larger at T1 (+17%). Culture-negative samples with SCC ≥200,000 cells/mL had the highest SCC and greatest numbers of polymorphonuclear-neutrophils-lymphocytes and macrophages at both T1 and T2. Regarding milk cheesemaking ability, samples with elevated SCC showed the worst pattern of curd firmness at T1 and T2. At T2, increased SCC and IMI induced large decreases in recoveries of nutrients into the curd, in particular recovered protein (-14% and -16%) and recovered fat (-12% and -14%). Different behaviors were observed between Strep. agalactiae and Prototheca spp., especially at T2. In particular, samples that were positive for Strep. agalactiae had higher proportions of DSCC (+19%) compared with negative samples with low SCC, whereas samples that were positive for Prototheca spp. had lower DSCC (-11%). Intramammary infection with Prototheca spp. increased milk pH compared with culture-negative samples (+3%) and negative samples that had increased SCC (+2%). The greatest impairment in curd firmness at 30 min from rennet addition was observed for samples that were positive for Prototheca spp. (-99% compared with negative samples, and -98% compared with negative samples with high SCC). These results suggest that IMI caused by Prototheca spp. have detrimental effects on milk technological traits that deserve further investigation of the mechanisms underlying animals' responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - R Tessari
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell' Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - V Bisutti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Vanzin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell' Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Lisuzzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell' Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - E Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell' Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Barberio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Sezione Territoriale di Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - E Schiavon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Sezione Territoriale di Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy; Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - F Piccioli Cappelli
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy; Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for Sustainable Dairy Production (CREI), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - L Gallo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - P Ruegg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - R Negrini
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Moura LW, Liao AW, Negrini R, Zlotnik E. The use of convalescent plasma therapy in the management of a pregnant woman with COVID-19: a case report. Einstein (São Paulo) 2022; 20:eRC6550. [PMID: 35195192 PMCID: PMC8809646 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022rc6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is responsible for the current worldwide pandemic. Treatment and prophylaxis are still under investigation. Convalescent plasma therapy could be an alternative. We report a case of a 41-year-old patient, at 28 weeks of gestation, was hospitalized with COVID-19. On the 10th day after onset of symptoms, the clinical picture worsened, and she required high-flow oxygen therapy (30L/minute), with 92% oxygen saturation, and chest X-ray showing mild bilateral opacities at lung bases. Blood tests showed D-dimer 1,004ng/mL, C-reactive protein 81mg/L, pro-calcitonin 0.05ng/mL and interleukine-6 42.9pg/mL. The therapy chosen was Tazocin® 12g/day, vancomycin 2g/day, and methylprednisolone 40mg/day. In addition, convalescent plasma therapy was administered (275mL) uneventfully, including SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies >1:160. The patient had a fast recovery. The early administration of convalescent plasma, with high titers of neutralizing antibodies, may be an alternative option for severe COVID-19 during pregnancy, until further studies demonstrate an efficient and safe treatment or prophylaxis.
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Negrini R, D'Albuquerque IMSC, de Cássia Sanchez E Oliveira R, Ferreira RDDS, De Stefani LFB, Podgaec S. Strategies to reduce the caesarean section rate in a private hospital and their impact. BMJ Open Qual 2021; 10:e001215. [PMID: 34385187 PMCID: PMC8362699 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a concern around the world of an increasing caesarean section rate. It was estimated that between 2010 and 2015, caesarean section rates increased by almost 50%. There are several implications for this, considering that caesarean sections are associated with higher costs and worse clinical outcomes. In this context, several interventions have been considered to increase vaginal delivery rates, including the Adequate Childbirth Project (PPA) in Brazil. This study aimed to verify the impact of the strategies adopted internally in the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) located in São Paulo, Brazil, regarding the reduction of caesarean sections and their perinatal results. Actions to support our study were implemented in two phases based on the PPA schedule. These actions involved three axes: a multidisciplinary team, pregnant women and facility improvements. All pregnant women admitted for childbirth at the HIAE between 2014 and 2019 were included in this study. The overall rate of vaginal delivery in this study population and among primiparous women and the percentage of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were analysed in three periods: before the implementation of PPA actions (period A), after the first phase of the project (period B) and after its second phase (period C). The results showed an increase in the average vaginal delivery rate from 23.57% in period A to 27.88% in period B, and to 30.06% in period C (AxB, p<0.001; BxC, p=0.004). There was a decrease in the average of NICU admissions over the periods (period A 19.22%, period B 18.71% and period C 13.22%); a significant reduction was observed when periods B and C (p<0.001) were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Negrini
- Departamento Materno Infantil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rita de Cássia Sanchez E Oliveira
- Departamento Materno Infantil, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Consultorio, TAGIDES - Unidade de Ultrassonografia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Podgaec
- Saúde da Mulher, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Pegolo S, Mota LFM, Bisutti V, Martinez-Castillero M, Giannuzzi D, Gallo L, Schiavon S, Tagliapietra F, Revello Chion A, Trevisi E, Negrini R, Ajmone Marsan P, Cecchinato A. Genetic parameters of differential somatic cell count, milk composition, and cheese-making traits measured and predicted using spectral data in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10934-10949. [PMID: 34253356 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy cattle and is the cause of considerable economic losses. Alongside somatic cell count (SCC), differential somatic cell count (DSCC) has been recently introduced as a new indicator of intramammary infection. The DSCC is expressed as a count or a proportion (%) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils plus lymphocytes (PMN-LYM) in milk somatic cells. These numbers are complemented to total somatic cell count or to 100 by macrophages (MAC). The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variation and heritability of DSCC, and its correlation with milk composition, udder health indicators, milk composition, and technological traits in Holstein cattle. Data used in the analysis consisted in single test-day records from 2,488 Holstein cows reared in 36 herds located in northern Italy. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to predict missing information for some milk coagulation and cheese-making traits, to increase sample size and improve estimation of the genetic parameters. Bayesian animal models were implemented via Gibbs sampling. Marginal posterior means of the heritability estimates were 0.13 for somatic cell score (SCS); 0.11 for DSCC, MAC proportion, and MAC count; and 0.10 for PMN-LYM count. Posterior means of additive genetic correlations between SCS and milk composition and udder health were low to moderate and unfavorable. All the relevant genetic correlations between the SCC traits considered and the milk traits (composition, coagulation, cheese yield and nutrients recovery) were unfavorable. The SCS showed genetic correlations of -0.30 with the milk protein proportion, -0.56 with the lactose proportion and -0.52 with the casein index. In the case of milk technological traits, SCS showed genetic correlations of 0.38 with curd firming rate (k20), 0.45 with rennet coagulation time estimated using the curd firming over time equation (RCTeq), -0.39 with asymptotic potential curd firmness, -0.26 with maximum curd firmness (CFmax), and of -0.31 with protein recovery in the curd. Differential somatic cell count expressed as proportion was correlated with SCS (0.60) but had only 2 moderate genetic correlations with milk traits: with lactose (-0.32) and CFmax (-0.33). The SCS was highly correlated with the log PMN-LYM count (0.79) and with the log MAC count (0.69). The 2 latter traits were correlated with several milk traits: fat (-0.38 and -0.43 with PMN-LYM and MAC counts, respectively), lactose percentage (-0.40 and -0.46), RCTeq (0.53 and 0.41), tmax (0.38 and 0.48). Log MAC count was correlated with k20 (+0.34), and log PMN-LYM count was correlated with CFmax (-0.26) and weight of water curd as percentage of weight of milk processed (-0.26). The results obtained offer new insights into the relationships between the indicators of udder health and the milk technological traits in Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy.
| | - L F M Mota
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - V Bisutti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - M Martinez-Castillero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - D Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - L Gallo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - F Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
| | - A Revello Chion
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori del Piemonte, Via Torre Roa, 13, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center for Sustainable Dairy Production of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (CREI), 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - R Negrini
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; Italian Association of Breeders (AIA), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - P Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition - DIANA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center - PRONUTRIGEN, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro PD, Italy
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Bovo S, Schiavo G, Utzeri VJ, Ribani A, Schiavitto M, Buttazzoni L, Negrini R, Fontanesi L. A genome-wide association study for the number of teats in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) identifies several candidate genes affecting this trait. Anim Genet 2021; 52:237-243. [PMID: 33428230 DOI: 10.1111/age.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a polytocous livestock species, the number of teats indirectly impacts the doe reproduction efficiency and, in turn, the sustainable production of rabbit meat. In this study, we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the total number of teats in 247 Italian White does included in the Italian White rabbit breed selection program, by applying a selective genotyping approach. Does had either 8 (n = 121) or 10 teats (n = 126). All rabbits were genotyped with the Affymetrix Axiom OrcunSNP Array. Genomic data from the two extreme groups of rabbits were also analysed with the single-marker fixation index statistic and combined with the GWAS results. The GWAS identified 50 significant SNPs and the fixation index analysis identified a total of 20 SNPs that trespassed the 99.98th percentile threshold, 19 of which confirmed the GWAS results. The most significant SNP (P = 4.31 × 10-11 ) was located on OCU1, close to the NUDT2 gene, a breast carcinoma cells proliferation promoter. Another significant SNP identified as candidate gene NR6A1, which is well known to play an important role in affecting the correlated number of vertebrae in pigs. Other significant markers were close to candidate genes involved in determining body length in mice. Markers associated with increased number of teats could be included in selection programmes to speed up the improvement for this trait in rabbit lines that need to increase maternal performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bovo
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - G Schiavo
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - V J Utzeri
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - A Ribani
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - M Schiavitto
- Associazione Nazionale Coniglicoltori Italiani (ANCI), Contrada Giancola snc, Volturara Appula, Foggia, 71030, Italy
| | - L Buttazzoni
- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Via Salaria 31, Monterotondo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - R Negrini
- Associazione Italiana Allevatori, Via G. Tomassetti 9, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - L Fontanesi
- Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin 46, Bologna, 40127, Italy
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Czeresnia RM, Trad ATA, Britto ISW, Negrini R, Nomura ML, Pires P, Costa FDS, Nomura RMY, Ruano R. SARS-CoV-2 and Pregnancy: A Review of the Facts. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2020; 42:562-568. [PMID: 32992359 PMCID: PMC10309239 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present comprehensive review aims to show the full extent of what is known to date and provide a more thorough view on the effects of SARS-CoV2 in pregnancy. METHODS Between March 29 and May, 2020, the words COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, COVID-19 and pregnancy, SARS-CoV2 and pregnancy, and SARS and pregnancy were searched in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases; the guidelines from well-known societies and institutions (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists [RCOG], American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG], International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology [ISUOG], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO]) were also included. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in a pandemic with > 3.3 million cases and 230 thousand deaths until May 2nd. It is caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus and may lead to severe pulmonary infection and multi-organ failure. Past experiences show that unique characteristics in pregnancy make pregnant women more susceptible to complications from viral infections. Yet, this has not been reported with this new virus. There are risk factors that seem to increase morbidity in pregnancy, such as obesity (body mass index [BMI] > 35), asthma and cardiovascular disease. Current reports describe an increased rate of preterm birth and C-section. Vertical transmission is still a possibility, due to a few reported cases of neonatal positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in nasal swab, amniotic fluid, and positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) in neonatal blood. Treatments must be weighed in with caution due to the lack of quality trials that prove their effectiveness and safety during pregnancy. Medical staff must use personal protective equipment in handling SARS-CoV2 suspected or positive patients and be alert for respiratory decompensations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayssa Teles Abrao Trad
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Romulo Negrini
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luís Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pires
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabricio da Silva Costa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States
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9
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Negrini R, Ferreira RDDS, Albino RS, Daltro CAT. Reducing caesarean rates in a public maternity hospital by implementing a plan of action: a quality improvement report. BMJ Open Qual 2020; 9:e000791. [PMID: 32381595 PMCID: PMC7223294 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caesarean rates increased in different parts of the world, rising from 20% to 33% in the USA and from 40% to 55% in Brazil between 1996 and 2011; however, there was no reduction in morbimortality rates. Several factors have been suggested as responsible for this increase, such as health judicialisation, fear of the painful process on the patients' part and reduction of medical training in vaginal delivery and labour complications. It is urgent to reverse this process and, therefore, a model of actions was created with the intention of engaging the team in order to reduce caesarean rates in a Brazilian hospital. METHODOLOGY The model was based on the following actions: encouragement of labour analgesia; execution of written reports of any cardiotocographic examination; plan-do-study-act cycles for nursing orientations about the positions that favour pregnant women during labour; creation of a birth induction form; monthly feedback with physicians and nurses on caesarean rates achieved; verification of the caesarean rate by medical staff with individual feedback; daily round of medical coordination for case discussions; disclosure of caesarean rates on hospital posters; and constant dissemination of literature with strategies to reduce caesarean delivery. This plan of action started in January 2016. The mean caesarean section rate in the 31 months preceding the interventions (period A) was then compared with the 31 subsequent months (period B). RESULTS Both periods presented caesarean rates with normal distribution. The mean caesarean rate was 29.24% (range: 38.69%-23.89%, SD 3.24%) vs 25.84% (range: 17.96%-34.97%, SD 3.92%, p<0.05), respectively, for periods A and B. CONCLUSION After the implementation of the plan of action, there was a reduction in caesarean rates in this hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Negrini
- Maternal Fetal Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Geral de Itapecerica da Serra, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Domingues da Silva Ferreira
- Maternal Fetal Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Geral de Itapecerica da Serra, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Silva Albino
- Hospital Geral de Itapecerica da Serra, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Ferreira RDDS, Negrini R, Bernardo WM, Simões R, Piato S. The effects of sildenafil in maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219732. [PMID: 31339910 PMCID: PMC6655684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of studies associating the use of sildenafil in gestation is increasing. This drug inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), an enzyme responsible for degradation of nitric oxide, and its efficacy is greater in the placental territory, as the maternal side of the placenta have more PDE5 than other sites. For this reason, promising results have been observed related to the prevention of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction and to improvement of maternal-fetal morbidity in cases of placental insufficiency. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the benefits of using sildenafil in pregnancy. SEARCHED STRATEGY MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane databases were searched through September 2018. There was no restriction in language or year of publication. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060288). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized clinical trials which used sildenafil for treatment or prevention of obstetric diseases compared with placebo were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The results were obtained using the inverse variance method for continuous variables and Man-Whitney for categorical variables. MAIN RESULTS Among a population of 598 pregnant women from the seven clinical trials included, 139 had pre-eclampsia, 275 had intrauterine growth restriction, and 184 had oligohydramnios. A significant increase of 222.58 grams [27.75 to 417.41] was observed in the fetal weight at birth of patients taking sildenafil. The other outcomes did not show any statistical significance. This may be due to the small number of patients used in each study and the great heterogeneity between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil could be associated with increasing fetal weight at birth in placental insufficiency despite the limitations of this meta-analysis, even though more studies in this field are needed to introduce this drug into obstetric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Domingues da Silva Ferreira
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo
- * E-mail:
| | - Romulo Negrini
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo
| | | | - Ricardo Simões
- Medicine Department, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo
| | - Sebastião Piato
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo
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11
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Stucki S, Orozco-terWengel P, Forester BR, Duruz S, Colli L, Masembe C, Negrini R, Landguth E, Jones MR, Bruford MW, Taberlet P, Joost S. High performance computation of landscape genomic models including local indicators of spatial association. Mol Ecol Resour 2017. [PMID: 27801969 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing availability of both molecular and topo-climatic data, the main challenges facing landscape genomics - that is the combination of landscape ecology with population genomics - include processing large numbers of models and distinguishing between selection and demographic processes (e.g. population structure). Several methods address the latter, either by estimating a null model of population history or by simultaneously inferring environmental and demographic effects. Here we present samβada, an approach designed to study signatures of local adaptation, with special emphasis on high performance computing of large-scale genetic and environmental data sets. samβada identifies candidate loci using genotype-environment associations while also incorporating multivariate analyses to assess the effect of many environmental predictor variables. This enables the inclusion of explanatory variables representing population structure into the models to lower the occurrences of spurious genotype-environment associations. In addition, samβada calculates local indicators of spatial association for candidate loci to provide information on whether similar genotypes tend to cluster in space, which constitutes a useful indication of the possible kinship between individuals. To test the usefulness of this approach, we carried out a simulation study and analysed a data set from Ugandan cattle to detect signatures of local adaptation with samβada, bayenv, lfmm and an FST outlier method (FDIST approach in arlequin) and compare their results. samβada - an open source software for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X available at http://lasig.epfl.ch/sambada - outperforms other approaches and better suits whole-genome sequence data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stucki
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Orozco-terWengel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - B R Forester
- Nicholas School of the Environment, University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - S Duruz
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Colli
- BioDNA - Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, via E. Parmense 84, 29100, Piacenza, Italy
| | - C Masembe
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R Negrini
- BioDNA - Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, via E. Parmense 84, 29100, Piacenza, Italy
- Associazione Italiana Allevatori, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - E Landguth
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - M R Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - M W Bruford
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - P Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Grenoble, 38000, France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - S Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Stucki S, Orozco-terWengel P, Forester BR, Duruz S, Colli L, Masembe C, Negrini R, Landguth E, Jones MR, Bruford MW, Taberlet P, Joost S. High performance computation of landscape genomic models including local indicators of spatial association. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:1072-1089. [PMID: 27801969 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing availability of both molecular and topo-climatic data, the main challenges facing landscape genomics - that is the combination of landscape ecology with population genomics - include processing large numbers of models and distinguishing between selection and demographic processes (e.g. population structure). Several methods address the latter, either by estimating a null model of population history or by simultaneously inferring environmental and demographic effects. Here we present samβada, an approach designed to study signatures of local adaptation, with special emphasis on high performance computing of large-scale genetic and environmental data sets. samβada identifies candidate loci using genotype-environment associations while also incorporating multivariate analyses to assess the effect of many environmental predictor variables. This enables the inclusion of explanatory variables representing population structure into the models to lower the occurrences of spurious genotype-environment associations. In addition, samβada calculates local indicators of spatial association for candidate loci to provide information on whether similar genotypes tend to cluster in space, which constitutes a useful indication of the possible kinship between individuals. To test the usefulness of this approach, we carried out a simulation study and analysed a data set from Ugandan cattle to detect signatures of local adaptation with samβada, bayenv, lfmm and an FST outlier method (FDIST approach in arlequin) and compare their results. samβada - an open source software for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X available at http://lasig.epfl.ch/sambada - outperforms other approaches and better suits whole-genome sequence data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stucki
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Orozco-terWengel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - B R Forester
- Nicholas School of the Environment, University Program in Ecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - S Duruz
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Colli
- BioDNA - Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, via E. Parmense 84, 29100, Piacenza, Italy
| | - C Masembe
- Department of Zoology, Entomology and Fisheries Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R Negrini
- BioDNA - Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, via E. Parmense 84, 29100, Piacenza, Italy.,Associazione Italiana Allevatori, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - E Landguth
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - M R Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | | | - M W Bruford
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - P Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS, Grenoble, 38000, France.,Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - S Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems (LASIG), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Gaspa G, Serdino J, Manca MG, Sorbolini S, Negrini R, Dimauro C, Macciotta NPP. 0331 Genome-wide association study of milk coagulation properties in dairy sheep. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Sagalowicz L, Moccand C, Davidek T, Ghanbari R, Martiel I, Negrini R, Mezzenga R, Leser ME, Blank I, Michel M. Lipid self-assembled structures for reactivity control in food. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2015.0136. [PMID: 27298441 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid self-assembled structures (SASs) have recently gained considerable interest for their potential applications, especially for sustained nutrient release and protein crystallization. An additional property, which is underexploited, is their ability to control chemical reactions in food products. Here, we concentrate on SASs formed by phospholipids (PLs) and monoglycerides (MGs), those compounds being the most natural surfactants and therefore, the best compatible with food products, in view of providing new functionalities through the formation of SASs. In this work, the phase behaviour of these amphiphiles when mixed with oil and water is described and compared. Subsequently, we address the influence of these structures to the oxidation and Maillard-type reactions. Finally, we show that SASs formed by MGs can strongly increase the yield of key aroma impact compounds generated by Maillard-type reactions when compared with the reaction performed in aqueous precursor solutions. Various SASs are compared. In particular, addition of oil to a reversed bicontinuous structure formed by MG leads to a reversed microemulsion, which, considering its low viscosity, is particularly suitable for food products and act as a very efficient reactor system. The influence of oil and precursors on phase behaviour is discussed and related to the efficiency of the Maillard reactions.This article is part of the themed issue 'Soft interfacial materials: from fundamentals to formulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sagalowicz
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 26 1000, Switzerland
| | - C Moccand
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 26 1000, Switzerland
| | - T Davidek
- Nestlé PTC Orbe, Rte de Chavornay 3, Orbe 1350, Switzerland
| | - R Ghanbari
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - I Martiel
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Negrini
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Mezzenga
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M E Leser
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 26 1000, Switzerland
| | - I Blank
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 26 1000, Switzerland
| | - M Michel
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 26 1000, Switzerland
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15
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Joost S, Negrini R, Milanesi E, Pellecchia M, Ajmone Marsan P, Consortium E. Detecting footprints of selection inOvis ariesby a spatial analysis approach. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Joost
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - R. Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - E. Milanesi
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - M. Pellecchia
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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16
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Pellecchia M, Colli L, Bigi D, Zambonelli P, Supplizi V, Liotta L, Negrini R, Marsan A. Mitochondrial DNA diversity of five Italian autochtonous donkey breeds. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Pellecchia
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - L. Colli
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - D. Bigi
- Dipartimento di Produzione e valorizzazione Agroalimentare, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - P. Zambonelli
- Dipartimento di Produzione e valorizzazione Agroalimentare, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Verini Supplizi
- Dipartimento di Patologia, Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, Italy
| | - L. Liotta
- Dipartimento di Morfologia Biochimica, Fisiologia e Produzioni Animali, Università di Messina, Italy
| | - R. Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ajmone Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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17
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Negrini R, Milanesi E, Filippini F, Dunner S, Leveziel H, Williams J, Valentini A, Ajmone Marsan P. Traceability of the PGI product “Vitellone Bianco dell’Appennino Centrale” by SNP markers. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Istituto di Zootecnica, Piacenza, Italy
| | - E. Milanesi
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - F. Filippini
- Dipartimeto di Scienze Animali, ANABIC, Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Dunner
- Depatimento de Producción Animal, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - H. Leveziel
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques. UGEMA Limoges,, France
| | | | - A. Valentini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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18
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Ajmone-Marsan P, Milanesi E, Schiavini F, Mazza R, Negrini R. Identification of milk protein percentage QTLs in Italian Friesian cattle by selective genotyping two GDD families with AFLP and SSR markers. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - E. Milanesi
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale. Università di Milano, Italy
| | - F. Schiavini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - R. Mazza
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Unità LATEMAR. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - R. Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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19
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Vahidi SMF, Faruque MO, Falahati Anbaran M, Afraz F, Mousavi SM, Boettcher P, Joost S, Han JL, Colli L, Periasamy K, Negrini R, Ajmone-Marsan P. Multilocus genotypic data reveal high genetic diversity and low population genetic structure of Iranian indigenous sheep. Anim Genet 2016; 47:463-70. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. F. Vahidi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII)-North Branch; Rasht 41635-4115 Iran
| | - M. O. Faruque
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics; Bangladesh Agricultural University; Mymensingh 2202 Bangladesh
| | - M. Falahati Anbaran
- School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms; University of Tehran; Tehran 14155-6455 Iran
| | - F. Afraz
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII)-North Branch; Rasht 41635-4115 Iran
| | - S. M. Mousavi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII)-North Branch; Rasht 41635-4115 Iran
| | - P. Boettcher
- Animal Production and Health Division; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Rome 00153 Italy
| | - S. Joost
- Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC); Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - J. L. Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources; Institute of Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Beijing 100193 China
| | - L. Colli
- Istituto di Zootecnica and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA - BioDNA - Research Centre; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Piacenza 29122 Italy
| | - K. Periasamy
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory; Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture; International Atomic Energy Agency; Vienna International Centre; PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna Austria
| | - R. Negrini
- Italian Breeder Association -AIA; Rome 00161 Italy
| | - P. Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA - BioDNA - Research Centre; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; Piacenza 29122 Italy
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Negrini R, Araujo Júnior E, Piato S, Chade MC, Rios ARS, Silva MAG, Aldrighi JM. Expression of collagen in ovular membranes of pregnant smokers and non-smokers: a pilot study. Ginekol Pol 2015; 86:678-84. [PMID: 26665569 DOI: 10.17772/gp/57850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study compared the amount of total collagen and type I collagen in ovular membranes of pregnant smokers and non-smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 14 pregnant smokers at 24-36 weeks of gestation; 39 pregnant non-smokers between 24-36 weeks of gestation comprised the control group. The expressions of total collagen and type I collagen were analyzed using two histological sections of the fetal membranes. The assessment of total collagen was performed using the Picro-Cirius red stain, and type I collagen expression was determined by means of immunohistochemistry The Mann-Whitney test was applied to verify possible differences between the groups. RESULT The average area covered by total collagen was lower in smokers (20630.45 microm2) as compared to non-smokers (24058.61 microm2), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.454). Comparison involving collagen type I deemed similar results (20001.33 microm2 vs. 25328.29 microm2, p = 0.158). CONCLUSION The amount of total collagen and type I collagen was lower in ovular membranes of pregnant smokers as compared to non-smokers, although the difference was not statistically significant.
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Negrini R, Assef CL, Da Silva FC, Araujo Júnior E. Delivery modes and the neonatal outcomes of low birth-weight neonates in a Brazilian reference health center. Ceska Gynekol 2015; 80:366-371. [PMID: 26606123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the neonatal results of low weight neonates born by cesarean and vaginal delivery. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Maternity of Hospital - Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS The analysis included the neonates born alive, of unique pregnancy, <2000 g from October 1999 to July 2013. To obtain the information about the neonatal period, as well as their Apgar score in the 1st and 5th min of life, a search in the database of a neonatal intensive care unit was performed. RESULTS In total, 830 neonates were included as per the study criteria. Of these, 519 (62.5%) were born by cesarean delivery and 311 (37.5%) by vaginal delivery. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of neonatal complications, with better results in the neonates born by vaginal delivery, except for the group with neonates <1500 g. In this group, there was a higher incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and death before discharge from the hospital. There was also a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage in neonates born by vaginal delivery, in all weight groups. Comparing the Apgar scores, there was a statistically significant difference between the delivery modes, with better results observed in the ones born by vaginal delivery. However, the opposite was observed in the group with neonates <1000 g. CONCLUSION There was no indication of cesarean delivery benefits in neonates 1000-2000 g. However, the opposite was observed when the neonates were <1000 g.
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Cordioli RL, Cordioli E, Negrini R, Silva E. Sepsis and pregnancy: do we know how to treat this situation? Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2015; 25:334-44. [PMID: 24553516 PMCID: PMC4031877 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20130056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as an acute inflammatory response syndrome secondary to an
infectious focus. It has a high incidence, morbidity and mortality, causing
substantial financial costs, especially due to complications such as septic shock and
multiple organ dysfunction. The pathogen toxins associated with individual
susceptibility culminate with cytokine release, which promotes a systemic
inflammatory response that can progress to multiple organ dysfunction and eventual
patient death. Specifically, sepsis incidence, morbidity and mortality are lower in pregnant women,
as this group is typically younger with fewer comorbidities having a polymicrobial
etiology resulting in sepsis. Pregnant women exhibit physiological characteristics that may confer specific
clinical presentation and laboratory patterns during the sepsis course. Thus, a
better understanding of these changes is critical for better identification and
management of these patients. The presence of a fetus also requires unique approaches
in a pregnant woman with sepsis. Sepsis treatment is based on certain guidelines that were established after major
clinical trials, which, unfortunately, all classified pregnancy as a exclusion
criteria. Thus, the treatment of sepsis in the general population has been extrapolated to the
pregnant population, with the following main goals: maintenance of tissue perfusion
with fluid replacement and vasoactive drugs (initial resuscitation), adequate
oxygenation, control of the infection source and an early start of antibiotic
therapy, corticosteroid infusion and blood transfusion when properly indicated,
prophylaxis, and specifically monitoring and maintenance of fetal heath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Luiz Cordioli
- Corresponding author: Ricardo Luiz Cordioli, Unidade de Terapia
Intensiva do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Avenida Albert Einstein, 627/701,
5º Andar - Morumbi, Zip code: 05652-900 - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
E-mail:
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Fontanesi L, Calò DG, Galimberti G, Negrini R, Marino R, Nardone A, Ajmone-Marsan P, Russo V. A candidate gene association study for nine economically important traits in Italian Holstein cattle. Anim Genet 2014; 45:576-80. [PMID: 24796806 DOI: 10.1111/age.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We genotyped 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 25 candidate genes in about 800 Italian Holstein sires. Fifty-six (minor allele frequency >0.02) were used to evaluate their association with single traits: milk yield (MY), milk fat yield (FY), milk protein yield (PY), milk fat percentage (FP), milk protein percentage (PP), milk somatic cell count (MSCC); and complex indexes: longevity, fertility and productivity-functionality type (PFT), using deregressed proofs, after adjustment for familial relatedness. Thirty-two SNPs were significantly associated (proportion of false positives <0.05) with different traits: 16 with MSCC, 15 with PY, 14 with MY, 12 with PFT, eight with longevity, eight with FY, eight with PP, five with FP and two with fertility. In particular, a SNP in the promoter region of the PRLR gene was associated with eight of nine traits. DGAT1 polymorphisms were highly associated with FP and FY. Casein gene markers were associated with several traits, confirming the role of the casein gene cluster in affecting milk yield, milk quality and health traits. Other SNPs in genes located on chromosome 6 were associated with PY, PP, PFT, MY (PPARGC1A) and MSCC (KIT). This latter association may suggest a biological link between the degree of piebaldism in Holstein and immunological functions affecting somatic cell count and mastitis resistance. Other significant SNPs were in the ACACA, CRH, CXCR1, FASN, GH1, LEP, LGB (also known as PAEP), MFGE8, SRC, TG, THRSP and TPH1 genes. These results provide information that can complement QTL mapping and genome-wide association studies in Holstein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy; Centre for Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Colli L, Perrotta G, Negrini R, Bomba L, Bigi D, Zambonelli P, Verini Supplizi A, Liotta L, Ajmone-Marsan P. Detecting population structure and recent demographic history in endangered livestock breeds: the case of the Italian autochthonous donkeys. Anim Genet 2012; 44:69-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Colli
- Istituto di Zootecnica e BioDNA Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e il DNA Antico; Facoltà di Agraria; Università Cattolica del S. Cuore di Piacenza; I-29122; Piacenza; Italy
| | - G. Perrotta
- Laboratorio di Genetica e Servizi L.G.S.; I-26100; Cremona; Italy
| | - R. Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica e BioDNA Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e il DNA Antico; Facoltà di Agraria; Università Cattolica del S. Cuore di Piacenza; I-29122; Piacenza; Italy
| | - L. Bomba
- Istituto di Zootecnica e BioDNA Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e il DNA Antico; Facoltà di Agraria; Università Cattolica del S. Cuore di Piacenza; I-29122; Piacenza; Italy
| | - D. Bigi
- Dipartimento di Protezione e Valorizzazione Agro-Alimentare; Università di Bologna - Sede di Reggio Emilia; I-42123; Reggio Emilia; Italy
| | - P. Zambonelli
- Dipartimento di Protezione e Valorizzazione Agro-Alimentare; Università di Bologna - Sede di Reggio Emilia; I-42123; Reggio Emilia; Italy
| | - A. Verini Supplizi
- Dipartimento di Patologia; Diagnostica e Clinica Veterinaria; Università di Perugia; I-06126; Perugia; Italy
| | - L. Liotta
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Biochimica; Fisiologia e Produzioni Animali; Università di Messina; I-98168; Messina; Italy
| | - P. Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica e BioDNA Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e il DNA Antico; Facoltà di Agraria; Università Cattolica del S. Cuore di Piacenza; I-29122; Piacenza; Italy
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Chiesa S, Scalici M, Negrini R, Gibertini G, Nonnis Marzano F. Fine-scale genetic structure, phylogeny and systematics of threatened crayfish species complex. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 61:1-11. [PMID: 21524706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Systematic uncertainties in the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes are well grounded by the number of species and subspecies described using different approaches, causing scientists to define this taxon as "complex". However, a key task that conservation programmes are facing regarding the recent and drastic decline of European populations, is the coherent systematic classification of this threatened species. Here we present results obtained by coupling mtDNA and genome analysis suggestive of a novel evolutionary framework to explain the relationships among phylogenetic lineages of A. pallipes. The direct sequencing of mtDNA COI gene fragment revealed a strong geographic structure with four distinct haplogroups separated by a range of 5-25 mutations. However, mitochondrial data were not supported by genomic fingerprinting based on 535 AFLP polymorphisms. Nuclear markers showed an unexpected moderate level of genetic differentiation and the absence of any geographic structure. Consequently, this study proposes that the taxonomic hypothesis of a single species of A. pallipes settling the Italian continental waters, is affected by complex evolutionary events. To solve the paradox, we hypothesized an evolutive scenario in which the separation of ancient mtDNA lineages likely occurred before the latest glacial periods. However, the speciation process remained incomplete due to secondary intensive postglacial contacts that forced the mingling of the genomes, and confounds the phylogeographic signature still detectable within mtDNA. Postglacial dispersion and the following demographic events, such as founder effects, drift and bottlenecks, abruptly depleted the local mtDNA variation, and shaped the current genetic population structure of white-clawed crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiesa
- Department of Biology, University of Roma Tre, V G Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy.
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Groeneveld LF, Lenstra JA, Eding H, Toro MA, Scherf B, Pilling D, Negrini R, Finlay EK, Jianlin H, Groeneveld E, Weigend S. Genetic diversity in farm animals--a review. Anim Genet 2010; 41 Suppl 1:6-31. [PMID: 20500753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Domestication of livestock species and a long history of migrations, selection and adaptation have created an enormous variety of breeds. Conservation of these genetic resources relies on demographic characterization, recording of production environments and effective data management. In addition, molecular genetic studies allow a comparison of genetic diversity within and across breeds and a reconstruction of the history of breeds and ancestral populations. This has been summarized for cattle, yak, water buffalo, sheep, goats, camelids, pigs, horses, and chickens. Further progress is expected to benefit from advances in molecular technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Groeneveld
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Hoeltystr. 10, 31535 Neustadt, Germany
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Williams JL, Dunner S, Valentini A, Mazza R, Amarger V, Checa ML, Crisà A, Razzaq N, Delourme D, Grandjean F, Marchitelli C, García D, Pérez Gomez R, Negrini R, Ajmone Marsan P, Levéziel H. Discovery, characterization and validation of single nucleotide polymorphisms within 206 bovine genes that may be considered as candidate genes for beef production and quality. Anim Genet 2009; 40:486-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Negrini R, Nicoloso L, Crepaldi P, Milanesi E, Colli L, Chegdani F, Pariset L, Dunner S, Leveziel H, Williams JL, Ajmone Marsan P. Assessing SNP markers for assigning individuals to cattle populations. Anim Genet 2009; 40:18-26. [PMID: 19016674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
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De Francesco MA, Gargiulo F, Negrini R, Gelmi M, Manca N. Different sequence strains of Streptococcus agalactiae elicit various levels of cytokine production. Immunol Invest 2009; 37:741-51. [PMID: 18991093 DOI: 10.1080/08820130802403283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of neonatal and obstetric sepsis and an increasingly important cause of septicemia in elderly subjects and immunocompromised patients. Our aim was to evaluate whether different genotypes of GBS may induce a different production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We used multilocus sequence typing to identify 71 clones isolated from asymptomatic healthy carriers and symptomatic individuals. All these clinical isolates were used to infect purified human monocytes. TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 secretion was measured. Fifteen allelic sequence types (STs) were identified. The MLST (multilocus sequence typing) analysis grouped the bacteria into four different lineages (clonal cluster) and two of these were closely involved in the infection of symptomatic subjects: CC17 and CC19. Furthermore, CC17 and CC19 stimulated TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 production significantly more than the other lineages, while CC17 induced a decreased IL-10 production. These results suggest the existence of differences in immune response to infection with particular genotypes of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A De Francesco
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Spedali Civili-University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Negrini R, Nicoloso L, Crepaldi P, Milanesi E, Marino R, Perini D, Pariset L, Dunner S, Leveziel H, Williams J, Ajmone Marsan P. Traceability of four European Protected Geographic Indication (PGI) beef products using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) and Bayesian statistics. Meat Sci 2008; 80:1212-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- P Taberlet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS-UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 09, France.
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Negrini R, Nijman IJ, Milanesi E, Moazami-Goudarzi K, Williams JL, Erhardt G, Dunner S, Rodellar C, Valentini A, Bradley DG, Olsaker I, Kantanen J, Ajmone-Marsan P, Lenstra JA. Differentiation of European cattle by AFLP fingerprinting. Anim Genet 2007; 38:60-6. [PMID: 17257190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Neolithic introduction of domestic cattle into Europe was followed by differential adaptation, selection, migration and genetic isolation, leading ultimately to the emergence of specialized breeds. We have studied the differentiation of European cattle by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. Combining AFLP data sets from two laboratories yielded 81 biallelic polymorphic markers scored in 19-22 individual animals from 51 breeds. Model-based clustering differentiated Podolian cattle as well as French and Alpine breeds from other European cattle. AFLP genetic distances correlated well with microsatellite-based genetic distances calculated for the same breeds. However, the AFLP data emphasized the divergence of taurine and indicine cattle relative to the variation among European breeds and indicated an Eastern influence on Italian and Hungarian Podolian breeds. This probably reflects import from the East after the original introduction of domestic cattle into Europe. Our data suggest that Italian cattle breeds are relatively diverse at the DNA sequence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negrini
- Institute of Zootechnics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
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Negrini R, Milanesi E, Colli L, Pellecchia M, Nicoloso L, Crepaldi P, Lenstra JA, Ajmone-Marsan P. Breed assignment of Italian cattle using biallelic AFLP markers. Anim Genet 2007; 38:147-53. [PMID: 17326802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The verification of the breed origin of animal products is relevant for food safety and authenticity. We assessed the suitability of AFLP molecular markers in the assignment of cattle individuals to their breed of origin. Three hundred and ninety-six animals belonging to 16 cattle breeds genotyped with 141 AFLP markers were used as reference data set. Assignment was performed with likelihood (aflpop) and Bayesian (structure) methods. The Bayesian approach was superior to the likelihood algorithm with respect to (i) the correct assignment of simulated individuals to their breed of origin (93% vs. 81% respectively), (ii) the correct assignment of 44 sampled Romagnola animals (91% vs. 45% respectively) and (iii) the correct classification of animals belonging to a breed that was not included within the reference dataset. Thus, AFLP profiling in combination with the Bayesian approach seems a useful tool for breed assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
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Tramontana S, Silveri L, Nicoloso L, Chegdani F, Bernardi J, Negrini R, Cappelli P, Marsan A, Bertoni G. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in collagen genes and association with skin quality trait. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Tramontana
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - L. Silveri
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - L. Nicoloso
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - F. Chegdani
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - J. Bernardi
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - R. Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Piccioli Cappelli
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ajmone Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - G. Bertoni
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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–Marsan A, Milanesi E, Schiavini F, Mazza R, Negrini R. Identification of milk protein percentage QTLs in Italian Friesian cattle by selective genotyping two GDD families with AFLP and SSR markers. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmone –Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - E. Milanesi
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Istituto di Zootecnia Generale. Università di Milano, Italy
| | - F. Schiavini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - R. Mazza
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Unità LATEMAR. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - R. Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica. Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Pezzini A, Grassi M, Del Zotto E, Assanelli D, Archetti S, Negrini R, Caimi L, Padovani A. Interaction of homocysteine and conventional predisposing factors on risk of ischaemic stroke in young people: consistency in phenotype-disease analysis and genotype-disease analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77:1150-6. [PMID: 16624841 PMCID: PMC2077547 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.076083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Whether the association between mild hyperhomocysteinaemia and ischaemic stroke is the consequence of a predisposing genetic background or is due to the confounding influence of established predisposing factors remains to be determined. METHODS Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration and the distribution of the C677T genotypes of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) were compared in 174 consecutive patients with stroke aged <45 years and 155 age and sex-matched controls. The effect of conventional risk factors on the relationship between phenotype-disease and genotype-disease was analysed by two-way and three-way interaction analysis and by the classification and regression trees (CART) model. RESULTS tHcy concentrations were markedly higher in patients with ischaemic stroke (median 11.9 micromol/l, range 2.0-94.0) than in controls (median 9.8 micromol/l, range 4.7-49.6). An increased risk was also associated with the TT677 genotype (odds ratio (OR) 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 3.78) and with the T allele (1.40; 95% 1.03 to 1.92) of the MTHFR gene. A differential effect of Hcy levels on risk of stroke was observed according to the distribution of environmental-behavioural risk factors, with a stronger influence in the subcategory of people with hypertension and smokers (OR 24.8; 95% CI 3.15 to 196). A comparable environmental-dependent TT677 MTHFR genotype-stroke association was observed in the genotype-disease analysis. CONCLUSIONS A consistency of phenotype-disease analysis and genotype-disease analysis is indicated by analysing specific subcategories of patients, defined by the distribution of established risk factors. The assumption that the Hcy-stroke relationship is unlikely due to a reverse-causality bias is indirectly supported by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pezzini
- Clinica Neurologica, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Ple Spedali Civili, 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
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Negrini R, Milanesi E, Bozzi R, Pellecchia M, Ajmone-Marsan P. Tuscany autochthonous cattle breeds: an original genetic resource investigated by AFLP markers. J Anim Breed Genet 2006; 123:10-6. [PMID: 16420260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2006.00554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of four autochthonous cattle breeds of Tuscany and their relationships in comparison with Italian Friesian and Italian Brown, using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. A total of 212 individuals were genotyped with three primer combinations generating 102 polymorphic markers. Average expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.23 in Mucca Pisana to 0.26 in Chianina, Italian Friesian, Italian Brown and Maremmana. The differences resulted not significant (Kruskall-Wallis test, p = 0.416). Gst-B index revealed that 86% of the total genetic variance is retained within population and only 14% is accounted by the between populations component. Multivariate analysis at individual and population level indicated that: (i) Calvana and Chianina are quite separate from the other breeds as an effect of the bottleneck experienced or as a signature of different origin; (ii) Podolian, Maremmana and Italian Brown clustered with the double purpose Mucca Pisana, revealing their contribution to its admixed genetic make up; (iii) Italian Friesian behaved always as out group. The 'analysis of molecular variance' recovered a significant subdivision clustering the six populations into three groups: Italian Friesian and Italian Brown versus Maremmana and Mucca Pisana versus Chianina and Calvana (6% of the total variance).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica, UCSC, Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza, Italy.
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Grassi M, Assanelli D, Mozzini C, Albertini F, Salvadori G, Archetti S, Negrini R, Galeazzi G, Pezzini A. Modeling premature occurrence of acute coronary syndrome with atherogenic and thrombogenic risk factors and gene markers in extended families. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:2238-44. [PMID: 16194201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors in determining premature cardiovascular events has been largely investigated in case-control association studies. By contrast, few family based analyses have been performed so far. PATIENTS/METHODS From a series of 2936 subjects aged 45-64, we selected probands who died for a premature (<50 years) ischemic heart disease (IHD) and with at least one family member with a history of IHD also occurring under the age of 50. Ninety-four families from 32 pedigrees including 296 subjects were identified. In this population, we analyzed the relationship between background risk factors [age, gender, the G1691A polymorphisms of factor V gene, the C677T polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, the 844ins68bp polymorphisms of the cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) gene, and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms] and environmental risk factors, both atherogenic (smoke, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity) and thrombogenic (smoke, homocysteine, fibrinogen) by a Markov block-recursive modeling approach. RESULTS None of the studied polymorphisms had an independent direct effect on the risk of IHD. As opposed to atherogenic factors, thrombogenic factors (homocysteine and fibrinogen) turned out to be possible mediators of the indirect effect of the MTHFR gene on IHD risk (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01-1.69, for every 8 mm increase in plasma levels of homocysteine in TT-carriers compared with CT/CC-carriers (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01-1.22), for every 20 g L(-1) increase in plasma levels of fibrinogen in TT-carriers compared with CT/CC-carriers). CONCLUSION Plasma levels of homocysteine and fibrinogen may be interpreted as intermediate factors mediating the effect of predisposing genes on the risk premature cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grassi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Negrini R, Milanesi E, Pellecchia M, Patrini M, Crepaldi P, Joost S, Marsan PA, Consortium E. Pattern of ancient goat migration revealed by AFLP molecular markers. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gorni C, Williams JL, Heuven HCM, Negrini R, Valentini A, van Eijk MJT, Waddington D, Zevenbergen M, Marsan PA, Peleman JD. Application of AFLP technology to radiation hybrid mapping. Chromosome Res 2004; 12:285-97. [PMID: 15125642 DOI: 10.1023/b:chro.0000021912.22552.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the use of AFLP technology as a tool for the high throughput enrichment of Radiation Hybrid (RH) maps. The 3000 rad TM112 bovine RH panel was assayed with 37 EcoRI/TaqI AFLP primer combinations. The number of selective nucleotides used during PCR was increased to seven, to reduce the complexity of the AFLP profile and minimise the overlap between hamster and bovine bands co-amplified from hybrid cell clones. Seven-hundred-forty-seven bovine AFLP bands were amplified that could be distinguished following electrophoresis. Repeatability was tested within and between laboratories on independent template preparations and an error rate of 1.3% found. Two-point linkage analysis clustered 428 AFLP fragments in 39 linkage groups of at least 4 markers. Multi-point maps were constructed for 5 sample linkage groups. The study demonstrated that the AFLP approach could be used to rapidly screen for the most informative clones during panel construction and to increase the number of markers on RH maps, which could be useful for joining linkage groups formed by other markers. The use of AFLP markers as anchor points between existing RH maps and other physical maps, such as BAC contigs, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gorni
- Institute of Zootechnics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, via E. Parmense, 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Caporali R, Epis O, Negrini R, Scirè CA, Solcia E, Montecucco C. Salivary gland lymphocytic infiltrates and Helicobacter pylori serology in anti-SSA/Ro positive patients in Italy. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21:266-7. [PMID: 12747290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Perez Torrecillas C, Bozzi R, Negrini R, Filippini F, Giorgetti A. Genetic variability of three Italian cattle breeds determined by parameters based on probabilities of gene origin. J Anim Breed Genet 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0388.2002.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ajmone-Marsan P, Negrini R, Milanesi E, Bozzi R, Nijman IJ, Buntjer JB, Valentini A, Lenstra JA. Genetic distances within and across cattle breeds as indicated by biallelic AFLP markers. Anim Genet 2002; 33:280-6. [PMID: 12139507 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the use of biallelic Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) polymorphisms for the estimation of relative genetic distances of cattle individuals within or across breeds. An allele permutation procedure was developed to estimate the stochastic variation of the genetic distance that is inherent to a given dataset. In a panel of 47 Holstein-Friesian cattle analysed with 248 polymorphic markers, the average genetic distance of bulls selected for breeding was slightly lower than the distance of the cows. The observed standard deviation (SD) of the distance indicated genetic subdivision, which for the bulls was explained by variation in the additive relationship derived from herdbook data. Animals from three different breeds, the highly selected Holstein-Friesian, the Italian Brown and the historic Maremmana, were compared on the basis of 106 polymorphic markers. No breed-specific fragments were observed. The mean pair-wise genetic distance within breeds was 85% of the value across breeds, but principal coordinates analysis clustered the animals according to their breed of origin. Calculation of distances between the breeds indicated a relatively divergent position of the Maremmana, relative to the two other breeds. However, biallelic markers indicate that the process of breed formation had only a limited effect on the diversity at marker loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnia, Università Cattoloca del S. Cuore, via E. Parmense, Piacenza, Italy.
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Mariani P, Barrow PA, Cheng HH, Groenen MM, Negrini R, Bumstead N. Localization to chicken chromosome 5 of a novel locus determining salmonellosis resistance. Immunogenetics 2001; 53:786-91. [PMID: 11862411 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-001-0387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2001] [Revised: 10/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear genetic differences in the susceptibility of chickens to visceral infection by Salmonella have been observed and it has been possible to identify resistant and susceptible lines of inbred chickens. We report here the results of experiments to map directly the gene(s) controlling this trait in chickens by examining crosses between highly susceptible and highly resistant lines. In the mapping panel, a region on chicken Chromosome (Chr) 5 was found to have a large effect on resistance, and this effect was observed in three separate resource populations. Mapping of additional marker loci in the region of the resistance gene further localized it to a region of approximately 2 cM, close to the genes for creatine kinase (CKB) and dynein (DNCH1). This region shows conserved synteny with telomeric regions of human Chr 14 and mouse Chr 12. On the basis of this conserved synteny, this resistance gene seems unlikely to correspond to the previously identified salmonellosis resistance genes Lps (located on mouse Chr 4) or Nos(2) (located on mouse Chr 11). There was no association between Nramp1 and resistance in these crosses, although this gene was shown to contribute to resistance in other crosses. The homologous human and mouse regions at present contain no likely candidate genes for this trait. Thus this appears to be a novel resistance gene, which we designate SAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mariani
- Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, Universityof Minnesota, St. Paul, 55108, USA.
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Ajmone-Marsan P, Negrini R, Crepaldi P, Milanesi E, Gorni C, Valentini A, Cicogna M. Assessing genetic diversity in Italian goat populations using AFLP markers. Anim Genet 2001; 32:281-8. [PMID: 11683715 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to investigate the genetic variation in a sample of seven goat (Capra hircus) populations. A total of 210 individuals (30 per population) were analysed using seven selected AFLP primer combinations that produced 219 clear polymorphisms. Four autochthonous goat breeds (Bionda dell'Adamello, Frisa, Orobica and Verzaschese), two primary populations, one from the Lombardy Alps (Val di Livo) and the other from Sardinia island (Sarda) and a reference cosmopolitan breed (Saanen) were included in the analysis. The expected heterozygosity (Het) did not differ significantly among breeds (range 0.21-0.24). No breed specific markers were identified. The variability at AFLP loci was largely maintained within breeds, as indicated by the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) value (0.11). Dice similarities calculated between pairs of individuals belonging to the same or to different breeds largely overlapped. Bootstrapping on markers indicated that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the genetic indexes tested decreases only marginally by adding markers over 100 AFLPs. Cluster analysis based on standard genetic distance between breeds indicates that Sarda is the most distant population, while Bionda, Frisa, Verzaschese and Val di Livo seem to be highly related populations. Interestingly, Saanen is closer than Orobica to the other four goat populations of the Lombardy Alps. Principal co-ordinates analysis based on Dice similarities confirms these observations. Genetic diversity of the goat populations investigated confirms what is expected on the basis of their geographical location. Results from Orobica are not correlated with geographical distances and may reflect undocumented migrations and gene flows and identify an original genetic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
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Bertalot G, Villanacci V, Gramegna M, Orvieto E, Negrini R, Saleri A, Terraroli C, Ravelli P, Cestari R, Viale G. Evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in ulcerative colitis. Dig Liver Dis 2001; 33:551-8. [PMID: 11816543 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(01)80106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aetiology of ulcerative colitis is still controversial, however, recent studies have emphasised the possible role of infectious agents or ingested substances and their breakdown products, which might activate immune-mediated mechanisms eventually leading to tissue damage. Aim of this investigation was to ascertain the occurrence and the potential role of Epstein-Barr virus infection in large bowel mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three biopsies and six total colectomies from 17 patients were analysed for the expression of Epstein-Barr virus proteins and RNAs. Polymerase chain reaction experiments were also carried out to detect Epstein-Barr virus DNA. For comparison, ten biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease, ten biopsies from patients with different types of colitis, seven biopsies and five surgical margins of normal colonic mucosa from the small and large bowels were studied (controls). RESULTS Six biopsies and four colectomies from seven ulcerative colitis patients showed scattered lymphocytes expressing nuclear EBER 1-2 and harbouring polymerase chain reaction-amplifiable Epstein-Barr virus-DNA. In some cases, linear viral DNA (typical of lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection) was also found. Epithelial cells were invariably negative in all cases. All control tissues from non-ulcerative colitis patients were also invariably non-reactive. CONCLUSION Evidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the mucosal inflammatory cells of ulcerative colitis patients suggests a possible role of this virus in the chronicity of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bertalot
- Department of Pathology, Leno Hospital, Brescia, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is involved in the induction of atrophic body gastritis (ABG). During the progression of atrophic gastritis the disappearance of H. pylori has been documented and in time serology is the only sign that indicates a previous infection. It has been shown that a positive serology, in ABG patients without histological evidence of infection, indicates an active H. pylori infection. AIM To investigate in a population of patients with ABG the prevalence of H. pylori infection on the basis of histology and serology. PATIENTS A total of 150 consecutive outpatients with atrophic body gastritis were diagnosed on the basis of a screening system. METHODS All patients had a detailed assessment including measurement of specific anti-H. pylori antibodies, parietal cell antibodies, and fasting gastrin, gastroscopy with biopsies from gastric antrum and body. RESULTS 24.6% of patients were histologically and serologically negative (Group A). 52.7% H. pylori was not detected on histology but IgG to H. pylori were in all these patients elevated (Group B). 22.6% of patients were found to be positive at histology in the corpus mucosa; all but one of these patients had elevated circulating IgG to H. pylori (Group C). Mean corporal atrophy score in Group B patients was statistically lower than in Group A patients (2.43 +/- 0.08 vs. 2.75 +/- 0.09; p <.05), but was statistically higher than in Group C patients (1.79 +/- 0.11; p <.001). Thus, in corporal mucosa a gradient of atrophy was shown: Group C < Group B < Group A. A similar gradient was observed for the presence of pernicious anemia being lowest in Group C 11.8% increasing to 45.6% in Group B and being highest in Group C 75.6%. A statistical correlation was obtained (r =.04791, p <.05) between the histological score of corporal atrophy and the titer of antibodies to parietal cells and an inverse correlation was obtained (r = -.2322, p <.0001) between the histological score of corporal atrophy and IgG to H. pylori. CONCLUSION This study shows that two-thirds of ABG patients have evidence of H. pylori infection. This suggests that atrophic gastritis of the corpus is a spectrum of damage where H. pylori is a key agent able to induce gastric atrophic damage and also gastric autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Annibale
- Gastroenterology Unit, University La Sapienza Rome, Italy
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Crepaldi P, Negrini R, Milanesi E, Gorni C, Cicogna M, Ajmone-Marsan P. Diversity in five goat populations of the Lombardy Alps: comparison of estimates obtained from morphometric traits and molecular markers. J Anim Breed Genet 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0388.2001.00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Parente F, Negrini R, Imbesi V, Maconi G, Sainaghi M, Vago L, Bianchi Porro G. Presence of gastric autoantibodies impairs gastric secretory function in patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive duodenal ulcer. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001; 36:474-8. [PMID: 11346199 DOI: 10.1080/003655201750153232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric autoimmunity is now well established, to date little is known about the significance of anticanalicular autoantibodies in patients with duodenal ulcer (DU). We therefore investigated the prevalence of serum antiparietal cell autoreactivity in DU patients as well as the relationship between these autoantibodies, gastric histopathology and gastric secretory function in this setting. METHODS Forty-one consecutive patients with H. pylori-positive DU were initially recruited. In all patients, basal (BAO) and pentagastrin stimulated acid output (PAO), fasting and meal-induced serum gastrin levels, as well as serum pepsinogen I concentrations, were measured. Antral and body gastritis was evaluated according to the Sydney system. Serum anticanalicular autoreactivity was determined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. RESULTS Serum anticanalicular autoantibodies were found in 7 out of 34 patients (20%). The presence of these antibodies was associated with a significantly higher grade of body gastritis (activity: 1.9 versus 0.9) as well as with significantly higher fasting and meal stimulated gastrin levels (mean fasting gastrin, 76.4 (15.2) microg/ml versus 59.3 (20.5) microg/ml). In addition, PAO values were significantly lower in patients with gastric autoantibodies than in those without this autoreactivity (mean 0.35 (0.16) mmol kg(-1)h(-1) versus 0.49 (0.16)mmol kg(-1)h(-1)). In contrast, no significant differences were found between patients with and without anticanalicular autoantibodies as regards fasting serum pepsinogen I concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Serum anticanalicular autoantibodies can be detected in 20% of patients with DU and are associated with a more severe pattern of body gastritis, higher gastrin levels and decreased peak acid secretion values. Their presence could account for the normal or reduced acid output which can be seen in a subset of DU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Parente
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Pathology Service, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pernicious anaemia is associated with atrophic body gastritis and considered an autoimmune disease. Whether Helicobacter pylori is involved in the induction of pernicious anaemia is uncertain. AIMS To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in pernicious anaemia patients and to ascertain whether the Helicobacter pylori-positive patients had distinctive clinical and gastric morphofunctional characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of 81 consecutive pernicious anaemia patients underwent serological, functional and endoscopic/histological investigations. RESULTS A total of 49 (60.5%) patients were Helicobacter pylori-positive (males 61.2% vs females 38.8%). No difference was observed in clinical and morphofunctional characteristics between Helicobacter pylori-positive and negative patients, whereas distinctive functional/histological features between histologically Helicobacter pylori-positive (n=8) and serologically Helicobacter pylori-positive (n=41) cases were detected. In the histologically Helicobacter pylori-positive group, Pepsinogen I was higher [13 (058) vs 5 (0-26) ng/ml; p=0.0025)] and positivity for anti-parietal cell antibodies was lower [42.9% vs 76.9, p=0.0867]. Antral histological variables of the gastritis score were significantly higher in the histologically Helicobacter pylori-positive than in the serologically Helicobacter pylori-positive patients, but this latter group had a higher score of body atrophy (2.63+/-0.12 vs 1.71+/-0.29; p=0.0051). Body inflammation was also significantly higher in the histologically Helicobacter pylori-positive group (chronic inflammation: 1.43+/-0.2 vs 1.05+/-0.06; p=0.0271; inflammation acitivity: 0. 57+/-0.3 vs 0.15+/-0.06, p=0.0220). Antral mucosa was normal in 24/41 (58.5%) of the serologically Helicobacter pylori-positive patients, but only in 1/8 (12.5%) of the histologically Helicobacter pylori-positive patients (p=0.0232). CONCLUSIONS Almost two thirds of pernicious anaemia patients have evidence of Helicobacter pylori, but only those with an active Helicobacter pylori infection have distinctive functional and histological features. These findings support the hypothesis that Helicobacter pylori infection could play a triggering role in a subgroup of pernicious anaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Annibale
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
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