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Murakami F, Ogawa N, Yamazaki A, Sakurai S, Ishiya T, Katase K, Shimizu Y, Tanada S. Evaluation of preoperative positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) for detecting lymph node metastasis in gynecologic carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5593 Background: To evaluate the sensitivety, specificity, and accuracy of PET-CT for detecting lymph node metastasis in gynecologic carcinoma. Methods: Between May 2007 to August 2008, 36 consecutive patients (pts) with cervical carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma and epithelial ovarian carcinoma were enrolled. All pts underwent PET-CT prior to the surgery of systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. For pathological metastatic lymph nodes, the size of intranodal tumor deposits (maximum diameter of metastatic foci in each lymph node) were recorded. Results: The total number of pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) plus paraaortic lymph nodes (PANs) removed was 2426. The median number of removed lymph nodes (LNs) was 67 each pts (range: 25 to 102). The number of involvement LNs was 79 (3.5%). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of preoperative PET-CT to detect LN metastasis were 24%, 99.9%, and 97.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of PLNs and PANs were 39.5% and 7.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were 35.7%, that of adenocarcinoma were 8.1%. FDG-PET detected 100% of intranodal tumor deposits > or =10 mm, whereas tumor deposits smaller than 5 mm were not detected. Conclusions: The results of our study revealed 76% underdiagnosis (overlooking) in evaluation of preoperative PET-CT in LN metastasis. Particularly, tumor deposits smaller than 5 mm were not detected at all. Using PET-CT for detecting small LN metastasis in gynecologic carcinoma may be unreliable so far. However we found that PLNs are comparatively easy to be detected than PANs, and SCC are comparatively easy to be detected than adenocarcinoma. The improved usability and application of PET-CT for detecting LN metastasis in gynecologic carcinoma have to keep researching constructively. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Murakami
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. Ogawa
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. Yamazaki
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Sakurai
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Ishiya
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Katase
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Shimizu
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Tanada
- International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tanada
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kinki University , Kowakae 3–4–1, Higashi‐Osaka, Japan
| | - T. Kita
- a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kinki University , Kowakae 3–4–1, Higashi‐Osaka, Japan
| | - K. Boki
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima University of Arts and Sciences , Yamashiro‐cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y. Kozaki
- b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima University of Arts and Sciences , Yamashiro‐cho, Tokushima, Japan
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Yokoyama M, Seki N, Oda T, Takeuchi M, Yamada M, Tanada S, Hamamoto K. Functional Change in Partial or Complete Ureteral Obstruction in Rat Kidney. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1058365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Watanabe N, Tanada S, Sasaki Y. Pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA in sarcoidosis I patients. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 51:82-90. [PMID: 17220820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sarcoidosis frequently affects the lungs of patients. Pulmonary clearance scintigraphy with Technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) aerosol may assess pulmonary involvement of sarcoidosis patients. The study investigated early pulmonary involvement of sarcoidosis I patients by assessing the pulmonary clearance of inhaled (99m)Tc-DTPA aerosol and the character of pulmonary clearance though systemic steroid therapy. METHODS The pulmonary clearance of (99m)Tc-DTPA aerosol was investigated in 24 patients with suspected stage I sarcoidosis and 20 non-smoking healthy controls over 18 months. The radiological finding was evaluated by chest computed radiography (CR) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and the histological diagnosis was performed by transbronchial lung biopsy and/or Scalen node biopsy. The sarcoidosis I patients with ocular involvement underwent 1 year-systemic steroid therapy and were followed up over totally 18 months. RESULTS The histological diagnosis was proved in 13 out of the 24 patients that had no lung filed involvement on CR and HRCT. Accelerated pulmonary clearance of (99m)Tc-DTPA was observed in 10 out of the 13 sarcoidosis I patients. Nine out of 13 sarcoidosis I patients underwent systemic steroid therapy due to ocular involvement and the accelerated pulmonary clearance responded to therapy and improved in all of the 9 over 18 months. CONCLUSIONS Acceleration of (99m)Tc-DTPA pulmonary clearance may be observed in sarcoidosis I patients and the acceleration will respond to systemic steroid therapy. Pulmonary clearance scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-DTPA aerosol may be useful for assessing pulmonary involvement before radiological changes emerge and sarcoidosis I patients with accelerated pulmonary clearance may undergo systemic steroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Mori S, Endo M, Obata T, Tanada S. MO-D-330A-05: Cone-Helical CT Imaging Using the 256-Row (Cone Beam) CT Scanner. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hirano S, Shinotoh H, Kobayashi T, Tsuboi Y, Wszolek ZK, Aotsuka A, Tanaka N, Ota T, Fukushi K, Tanada S, Irie T. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity in FTDP-17 studied by PET. Neurology 2006; 66:1276-7. [PMID: 16636254 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000208515.50924.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Abstract
The 256-slice CT-scanner has been developed at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Nominal beam width was 128 mm in the longitudinal direction. When scanning continuously at the same position to obtain four-dimensional (4D) images, the effective dose is increased in proportion to the scan time. Our purpose in this work was to measure the dose for the 256-slice CT, to compare it with that of the 16-slice CT-scanner, and to make a preliminary assessment of dose for dynamic 3D imaging (volumetric cine imaging). Our group reported previously that the phantom length and integration range for dosimetry needed to be at least 300 mm to represent more than 90% of the line integral dose with the beam width between 20 mm and 138 mm. In order to obtain good estimates of the dose, we measured the line-integral dose over a 300 mm range in PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) phantoms of 160 mm or 320 mm diameter and 300 mm length. Doses for both CT systems were compared for a clinical protocol. The results showed that the 256-slice CT generates a smaller dose than the 16-slice CT in all examinations. For volumetric cine imaging, we found an acceptable scan time would be 6 s to 11 s, depending on examinations, if dose must be limited to the same values as routine examinations with a conventional multidetector CT. Finally, we discussed the studies necessary to make full use of volumetric cine imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mori
- Department of Medical Physics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Funabashi N, Yoshida K, Tadokoro H, Nakagawa K, Komiyama N, Odaka K, Tsunoo T, Mori S, Endo M, Tanada S, Komuro I. Three dimensional segmented myocardial perfusion images by selective intracoronary injection of contrast using 256 slice cone beam computed tomography. Heart 2005; 91:1349-51. [PMID: 16162631 PMCID: PMC1769150 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2004.045997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Tian M, Tanada S, Endo K. Rhenium-188-HEDP therapy for the palliation of pain due to osseous metastases in lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhang
- Second Hosp, Zhejiang Univ Sch of Med, Hangzhou, China; Gunma Univ Sch of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - M. Tian
- Second Hosp, Zhejiang Univ Sch of Med, Hangzhou, China; Gunma Univ Sch of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - S. Tanada
- Second Hosp, Zhejiang Univ Sch of Med, Hangzhou, China; Gunma Univ Sch of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K. Endo
- Second Hosp, Zhejiang Univ Sch of Med, Hangzhou, China; Gunma Univ Sch of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Watanabe N, Tanada S, Sasaki Y. Effect of calcium trisodium DTPA in rats with puncture wound contaminated by 90Y-chloride. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2005; 114:509-13. [PMID: 15899907 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of diethylenetriaminepentaacetate calcium trisodium (CaNa(3)DTPA) in a dose of 34.7 micromol kg(-1) as a function of its route of administration was investigated in rats with a puncture wound contaminated by (90)Y-chloride at a concentration of 2.55 MBq kg(-1). Approximately 60% of (90)Y-chloride at a puncture wound was absorbed into the body of rats over 72 h post-puncture and radioactivity in femoral bone increased during the timed-release of (90)Y. Intravenous administration of CaNa(3)DTPA (systemic treatment) at 15 min post-puncture reduced (90)Y at a puncture wound and in bone up to 75.6 and 84.3% of controls, respectively. Direct infiltration of CaNa(3)DTPA into a puncture wound site (local treatment) at 15 min post-puncture diminished radioactivity at the puncture wound and in bone up to 34.9 and 52.5% of controls, respectively. Thus, prompt local treatment may be effective for removing (90)Y from a puncture wound and minimising (90)Y-distribution to bone compared with systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Zhang H, Yoshikawa K, Tian M, Tamura K, Tanada S, Tsujii H. 11C-Methionine positron emission tomography as an early predictor of outcome in bone and soft tissue sarcomas treated by carbon ion radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K. Yoshikawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - M. Tian
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K. Tamura
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - S. Tanada
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - H. Tsujii
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tian
- Gunma University School of Medicine, Meabashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - H. Zhang
- Gunma University School of Medicine, Meabashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - S. Li
- Gunma University School of Medicine, Meabashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - K. Endo
- Gunma University School of Medicine, Meabashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - S. Tanada
- Gunma University School of Medicine, Meabashi, Japan; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Shinotoh H, Fukushi K, Nagatsuka S, Tanaka N, Aotsuka A, Ota T, Namba H, Tanada S, Irie T. The amygdala and Alzheimer's disease: positron emission tomographic study of the cholinergic system. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003; 985:411-9. [PMID: 12724174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The primary transmitter deficit is cholinergic in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the amygdala receives a major cholinergic projection from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4), which may play an important role in the retention of affective conditioning and/or memory consolidation. We measured brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in 54 patients with AD and in 22 normal controls by positron emission tomography and N-[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate to characterize the cholinergic pathology in AD. The k(3) values were calculated as an index of AChE activity in a three-compartment model analysis using the metabolite-corrected arterial input function. The k(3) values were highly significantly reduced by 20% in the cerebral neocortex (P <0.0001 in the two-tailed t test), 14% in the hippocampus (P <0.001), and 33% in the amygdala (P <0.0001) in AD patients compared with normal controls. The k(3) values were significantly correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores in both the cerebral cortex (P <0.001) and the amygdala (P <0.05) in AD patients, supporting the cholinergic hypothesis of cognitive dysfuncion in AD. Further studies are required, however, to elucidate the specific role of the cholinergic deficit in the amygdala in the emotional and behavioral symptoms in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinotoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Zhang H, Tian M, Oriuchi N, Higuchi T, Watanabe H, Aoki J, Tanada S, Endo K. 11C-choline PET for the detection of bone and soft tissue tumours in comparison with FDG PET. Nucl Med Commun 2003; 24:273-9. [PMID: 12612468 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200303000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We assessed and compared the usefulness of C-choline positron emission tomography (PET) with that of 2-[ F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET for the differentiation between benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumours. A total of 43 patients with 45 lesions were included. C-choline PET and FDG PET were performed from 5 and 40 min, respectively, after injection of 275-370 MBq tracer. PET data were evaluated by using the standardized uptake value (SUV) and were analysed according to the pathological data. C-choline uptake in malignancies was 4.9+/-2.1 (n=14), which was significantly higher than that in benign lesions (2.5+/-1.7, n=31) (P <0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of C-choline PET were 100%, 64.5% and 75.6%, respectively, when 2.59 of the SUV was used as the cut-off value. The FDG uptake in malignancies was 5.1+/-4.2 (n=14) and was also significantly larger than that in benign lesions 2.9+/-2.9 (n=31) (P<0.003). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FDG PET were 85.7%, 41.9% and 55.6%, respectively (cut-off=1.83). The C-choline uptake in the lesions correlated with FDG uptake ( r=0.61, P<0.003). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC curve for C-choline PET (area=0.847) was higher than that for FDG PET (area=0.717). This study showed that C-choline PET was superior to FDG PET in differentiation between malignant and benign lesion in bone and soft tissue tumours. C-choline PET might be useful as a screening method for malignant bone and soft tissue tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
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Takanashi J, Kurihara A, Tomita M, Kanazawa M, Yamamoto S, Morita F, Ikehira H, Tanada S, Kohno Y. Distinctly abnormal brain metabolism in late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Neurology 2002; 59:210-4. [PMID: 12136059 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.59.2.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess alterations in brain metabolites in patients with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD). METHODS Six unrelated, asymptomatic Japanese late-onset OTCD patients were analyzed by proton MRS ((1)HMRS) using a point-resolved spectroscopy technique (repetition and echo times, 5000 and 30 ms). Localized spectra for the centrum semiovale were acquired and absolute metabolite concentrations were calculated using an LCModel. RESULTS Compared with age-matched controls, N-acetylaspartate and creatine concentrations were normal in all patients. The glutamine (Gln) plus glutamate concentration was increased in four patients, which progressed in proportion to the clinical stage. myo-inositol (mI) could not be detected in five symptomatic patients. A decreased choline (Cho) concentration was detected in two clinically severe patients. (1)HMRS after liver transplantation in one patient revealed the normalization of all metabolites. CONCLUSION These findings suggest progression of neurochemical events in OTCD, i.e., mI depletion and Gln accumulation followed by Cho depletion, which is reverse of that in hepatic encephalopathy, i.e., Cho depletion followed by mI depletion and Gln accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Takanashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Zhang H, Tian M, Oriuchi N, Higuchi T, Tanada S, Endo K. Oncological diagnosis using positron coincidence gamma camera with fluorodeoxyglucose in comparison with dedicated PET. Br J Radiol 2002; 75:409-16. [PMID: 12036833 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.75.893.750409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the utility of a dual-head positron coincidence detection gamma camera (PCD) with that of dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) in the imaging of various malignancies using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). 25 patients with known or suspected malignancies at various sites underwent imaging with both methods, and diagnostic performance on a lesion basis was compared. Tumour lesions were analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively using the ratio of tumour-to-background counts (T/B ratio). FDG PCD and FDG PET visually detected 34 (72.3%) lesions and 37 (78.7%) lesions, respectively. The mean T/B ratio and standard deviation (SD) of FDG PCD was 3.5+/-3.3, significantly lower than that of FDG PET (8.4+/-7.1, p<0.001). When tumour lesions were less than 2.0 cm in diameter, the sensitivity of FDG PCD was 37.5%, significantly inferior to that of FDG PET (50.0%, p<0.01). Sensitivity between FDG PCD and FDG PET in lesions of more than 2.0 cm diameter showed no statistically significant difference. This study indicates that FDG imaging with a dual-head coincidence detection gamma camera can provide suitable diagnostic performance for lesions greater than 2.0 cm diameter, but performed significantly worse than dedicated PET for lesions smaller than this.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Showa-machi 3-39-22, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Shinotoh H, Namba H, Yamaguchi M, Fukushi K, Nagatsuka S, Iyo M, Asahina M, Hattori T, Tanada S, Irie T. In vivo mapping of brain cholinergic function in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Adv Neurol 2002; 86:249-55. [PMID: 11553984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Shinotoh
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Takanashi J, Inoue K, Tomita M, Kurihara A, Morita F, Ikehira H, Tanada S, Yoshitome E, Kohno Y. Brain N-acetylaspartate is elevated in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease with PLP1 duplication. Neurology 2002; 58:237-41. [PMID: 11805250 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.58.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess alterations in brain metabolites of patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) with the proteolipid protein gene 1 (PLP1) duplications using quantitative proton MRS. METHODS Five unrelated male Japanese patients with PMD with PLP1 duplications were analyzed using automated proton brain examination with the point resolved spectroscopy technique (repetition and echo time of 5,000 and 30 msec). Localized spectra in the posterior portion of the centrum semiovale were acquired, and absolute metabolite concentrations were calculated using the LCModel. RESULTS Absolute concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and myoinositol (MI) were increased by 16% (p < 0.01), 43% (p < 0.001), and 31% (p < 0.01) in patients with PMD as compared with age-matched controls. There was no statistical difference in choline concentration. CONCLUSION The increased concentration of NAA, which could not be detected by previous relative quantitation methods, suggests two possibilities: axonal involvement secondary to dysmyelination, or increased cell population of oligodendrocyte progenitors. Elevated Cr and MI concentrations may reflect the reactive astrocytic gliosis. Our study thus emphasizes the importance of absolute quantitation of metabolites to investigate the disease mechanism of the dysmyelinating disorders of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Takanashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
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Yoshida Y, Hatanaka Y, Imaki M, Ogawa Y, Miyatani S, Tanada S. Epidemiological study on improving the QOL and oral conditions of the aged--Part 2: Relationship between tooth loss and lifestyle factors for adults men. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci 2001; 20:369-73. [PMID: 11840690 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.20.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oral health in early- and mid-adulthood is essential for the improvement of one's QOL, this study was investigated to include an epidemiological analysis of the relationship between tooth loss and life style, such as smoking, regular exercise, and the food habits of approximately 2,000 employees. Compared with the group with mild or no periodontal disease (CPI of 0, 1, or 2), the frequency of tooth loss in the group with advanced periodontal disease (CPI of 4) was 2.00 times (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence limit, 1.37 to 2.93). The probability of tooth loss showed statistical significance in relation to smoking, alcohol drinking, and frequency of meals. Compared with non-smokers, the probability that current smokers will lose teeth is 1.53 times greater (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence limit, 1.20 to 1.96). It was concluded that periodontal disease and smoking must be averted for preventing tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshida
- Osaka Prefecture College of Health Science
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Yoshida Y, Hatanaka Y, Imaki M, Ogawa Y, Miyatani S, Tanada S. Epidemiological study on improving the QOL and oral conditions of the aged--Part 1: The relationship between the status of tooth preservation and QOL. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci 2001; 20:363-8. [PMID: 11840689 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.20.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In part 1 of this epidemiological study, a survey was conducted for all senior citizens aged 70 and over who resided in a mountainous village in the mid-section of Hyogo Prefecture. It focused on the relationship among the number of existing teeth, life environment, health status, and activities of daily living; and the correlation between oral status and QOL was analyzed. The daily activities of individuals were compared between those having one or more teeth and others who were totally edentulous. Subsequently, it was found that for both males and females, the odds ratio was significantly high for the dentulous individuals, in comparison with edentulous individuals, to exhibit a behavior indicative of a better QOL (such as "opportunity for conversation with family members or others)", "regular physical activities", and "attend meetings or group outings"). The result of this survey indicates that the presence of teeth is very closely related to one's daily activities. It was concluded that preventing tooth loss is vital for maintaining the masticatory function; so to prevent tooth loss, periodontal disease must be averted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshida
- Osaka Prefecture College of Health Science
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Nagatsuka Si S, Fukushi K, Shinotoh H, Namba H, Iyo M, Tanaka N, Aotsuka A, Ota T, Tanada S, Irie T. Kinetic analysis of [(11)C]MP4A using a high-radioactivity brain region that represents an integrated input function for measurement of cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity without arterial blood sampling. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2001; 21:1354-66. [PMID: 11702050 DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200111000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N -[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate ([(11)C]MP4A) is an acetylcholine analog. It has been used successfully for the quantitative measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET). [(11)C]MP4A is specifically hydrolyzed by AChE in the brain to a hydrophilic metabolite, which is irreversibly trapped locally in the brain. The authors propose a new method of kinetic analysis of brain AChE activity by PET without arterial blood sampling, that is, reference tissue-based linear least squares (RLS) analysis. In this method, cerebellum or striatum is used as a reference tissue. These regions, because of their high AChE activity, act as a biologic integrator of plasma input function during PET scanning, when regional metabolic rates of [(11)C]MP4A through AChE (k(3); an AChE index) are calculated by using Blomqvist's linear least squares analysis. Computer simulation studies showed that RLS analysis yielded k(3) with almost the same accuracy as the standard nonlinear least squares (NLS) analysis in brain regions with low (such as neocortex and hippocampus) and moderately high (thalamus) k(3) values. The authors then applied these methods to [(11) C]MP4A PET data in 12 healthy subjects and 26 patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) using the cerebellum as the reference region. There was a highly significant linear correlation in regional k(3) estimates between RLS and NLS analyses (456 cerebral regions, [RLS k(3) ] = 0.98 x [NLS k(3) ], r = 0.92, P < 0.001). Significant reductions were observed in k(3) estimates of frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and sensorimotor cerebral neocortices (P < 0.001, single-tailed t-test), and hippocampus (P = 0.012) in patients with AD as compared with controls when using RLS analysis. Mean reductions (19.6%) in these 6 regions by RLS were almost the same as those by NLS analysis (20.5%). The sensitivity of RLS analysis for detecting cortical regions with abnormally low k 3 in the 26 patients with AD (138 of 312 regions, 44%) was somewhat less than NLS analysis (52%), but was greater than shape analysis (33%), another method of [(11)C]MP4A kinetic analysis without blood sampling. The authors conclude that RLS analysis is practical and useful for routine analysis of clinical [(11)C]MP4A studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagatsuka Si
- Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Seto K, Ikehira H, Obata T, Sakamoto K, Yamada K, Kashiwabara H, Yokoyama T, Tanada S. Long-term assessment of posttransplant renal prognosis with 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Transplantation 2001; 72:627-30. [PMID: 11544421 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200108270-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been widely used to study pretransplantation renal viability, and although some had discussed posttransplant renal viability, no one has examined long-term posttransplant renal prognosis. We discuss the use of 31P-MRS to assess the long-term prognosis from the time when MRS was performed. METHODS We studied 20 patients with renal allografts. 1.5 Tesla clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 15 cm surface coil was used for 31P-MRS. Localized 31P-MRS was done using image selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS) method. Individual peaks were fitted by Lorenzian line-shapes with a least square method and peak area ratios were calculated. RESULTS A beta-adenosine triphosphate/inorganic phosphate (beta-ATP/Pi) ratio >1.2 had sensitivity of 92.8%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 95% for predicting 3-year renal survival; a beta-ATP/Pi ratio >1.2 had sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 66.7%, and accuracy of 76.9% for predicting 5-year renal survival. We compared 31P-MRS spectra data between the survived group and failed group. The survived group had significantly higher beta-ATP/Pi, alpha-ATP/Pi, and phosphodiester (PDE)/Pi ratios than the failed group. CONCLUSIONS We discussed the beta-ATP/Pi value as a parameter for predicting long-term survival of a transplanted kidney from the time when MRS was performed. A value above 1.2 suggests a high probability of 3-year renal survival, whereas a value over 2.5 indicates that the transplanted kidney could survive over 5 years. 31P-MRS may be useful for predicting long-term survival of transplanted kidneys, but additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seto
- NMR Sciences, Division of Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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23
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Inoue M, Suhara T, Sudo Y, Okubo Y, Yasuno F, Kishimoto T, Yoshikawa K, Tanada S. Age-related reduction of extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor measured by PET. Life Sci 2001; 69:1079-84. [PMID: 11508650 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the aging effect of dopamine D2 receptor in the striatum is well-documented, the effect of age on the extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor has not been fully examined. Since the density of extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor is very low, suitable ligands are limited. In this study, we used [11C]FLB 457 to quantify the extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor in the living human brain. Twenty-seven healthy male subjects aged from 21 to 82 years participated in the positron emission tomography study. Extrastriatal [11C]FLB 457 binding was quantified with a reference tissue model using cerebellum as a reference region. Binding potentials corresponding to Bmax/Kd were used to evaluate age-related change. We found age-related decreases of D2 receptor binding in all measured extrastriatal regions. The decrease of D2 receptor binding was 13.8% per decade in frontal cortex, 12.0% in temporal cortex, 13.4% in parietal cortex, 12.4% in occipital cortex, 12.2% in hippocampus, and 4.8% in thalamus. These findings suggest that the amounts of D2 receptor declines in all brain regions as part of the normal aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inoue
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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24
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Ueda T, Nagatsuka S, Irie T, Fukushi K, Tanada S, Takatoku K, Yomoda I, Shiraishi H. N-methyl-3-hydroxy-3-(2-[123I]iodoethenyl)-4-acetoxymethyl-piperidine: A novel acetylcholine radioanalog for spect. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580440189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Tanaka N, Fukushi K, Shinotoh H, Nagatsuka S, Namba H, Iyo M, Aotsuka A, Ota T, Tanada S, Irie T. Positron emission tomographic measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity using N-[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate without arterial blood sampling: methodology of shape analysis and its diagnostic power for Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2001; 21:295-306. [PMID: 11295884 DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200103000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate ([11C]MP4A) is a radiotracer that has been used successfully for the quantitative measurement of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) using a standard compartment model analysis and a metabolite-corrected arterial input function. In the current study, the authors evaluated the applicability of a simple kinetic analysis without blood sampling, namely shape analysis. First, the authors used computer simulations to analyze factors that affect the precision and bias of shape analysis, then optimized the shape analysis procedure for [11C]MP4A. Before shape analysis execution, the later part of dynamic PET data except for the initial 3 minutes were smoothed by fitting to a bi-exponential function followed by linear interpolation of 8 data points between each of adjacent scan frames. Simulations showed that shape analysis yielded estimates of regional metabolic rates of [11C]MP4A by AChE (k3) with acceptable precision and bias in brain regions with low k3 values such as neocortex. Estimates in regions with higher k3 values became progressively more inaccurate. The authors then applied the method to [11C]MP4A PET data in 10 healthy subjects and 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There was a highly significant linear correlation in regional k3 estimates between shape and compartment analyses (300 neocortical regions, [shape k3] = 0.93 x [NLS k3], r = 0.89, P < 0.001). Significant reductions in k3 estimates of frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and sensorimotor cerebral cortices in patients with AD as compared with controls were observed when using shape analysis (P < 0.013, two-tailed t-test), although these reductions (17% to 20%) were somewhat less than those obtained by compartment analysis (22% to 27%). The sensitivity of shape analysis for detecting neocortical regions with abnormally low k3 in the 20 patients with AD (92 out of 200 regions, 46%) also was somewhat less than compartment analysis (136 out of 200 regions, 68%). However, taking its simplicity and noninvasiveness into account, the authors conclude that quantitative measurement of neocortical AChE activity with shape analysis and [11C]MP4A PET is practical and useful for clinical diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tanaka
- Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Shinotoh H, Aotsuka A, Fukushi K, Nagatsuka S, Tanaka N, Ota T, Tanada S, Irie T. Effect of donepezil on brain acetylcholinesterase activity in patients with AD measured by PET. Neurology 2001; 56:408-10. [PMID: 11171913 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.56.3.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the brain of three patients with AD were measured once before and once during donepezil treatment (5 mg/d in two patients, 3 mg/d in one patient) using PET and N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl acetate. Donepezil reduced k(3) values, an index of AChE activity, in the cerebral cortex by 39 +/- 5%. All patients showed some degree of symptomatic improvement, and it was concluded that this improvement was likely caused by improved cholinergic activity by inhibition of AChE in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinotoh
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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27
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Yasuno F, Suhara T, Okubo Y, Sudo Y, Inoue M, Ichimiya T, Tanada S. Dose relationship of limbic-cortical D2-dopamine receptor occupancy with risperidone. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001; 154:112-4. [PMID: 11292000 DOI: 10.1007/s002130000643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been suggested that the antipsychotic effect of antipsychotics is mediated by the antagonism of the dopamine D2 receptor in the limbic-cortical regions. Risperidone has an atypical property, but its effect on limbic-cortical regions has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the relationship among doses of risperidone and limbic-cortical dopamine D2 receptor occupancy using positron emission tomography. METHODS Seven patients with schizophrenia were scanned during the steady state with risperidone. Their occupancies in limbic-cortical regions were determined using positron emission tomography with [11C]FLB 457. RESULTS The average occupancy ranged from 38% to 80% on doses of 1-6 mg/day. The saturation curve plotted against the drug level fit the data well. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the D2 receptor occupancy with risperidone in the limbic-cortical regions seems to be similar to that of previous reports regarding the striatum, and it would be comparable to that of typical antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yasuno
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Japan.
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28
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Nakamura T, Kawasaki N, Araki M, Yoshimura K, Tanada S. Trihalomethane removal by activated carbon fiber. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:1303-1310. [PMID: 11545354 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For the safety of drinking water, trihalomethanes are removed by adsorption onto activated carbon fiber from single-component solutions. The amounts adsorbed onto adsorbents with large surface area and/or pore volume were small. Stronger surface hydrophobicity of adsorbent was correlated with a larger amount of trihalomethanes adsorbed. A trihalomethane with bromine was adsorbed to a greater extent than that with chlorine. The differences in the amounts adsorbed among trihalomethanes can be explained by the polarity of trihalomethane molecules. The amount of trihalomethanes adsorbed was mainly dominated by the strength of hydrophobicity of activated carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan.
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29
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Shimada K, Yoshida K, Tadokoro H, Ueda M, Shiomi M, Kitsukawa S, Takami A, Komatsu R, Suzuki K, Tanada S, Masuda Y. Adenosine-induced coronary flow reserve in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64:971-6. [PMID: 11194293 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.64.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit develops coronary atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia because of a genetic deficiency of low-density lipoprotein receptors and is therefore a good animal model for studying the relationships of coronary atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia and coronary flow reserve. The aim of the present study was to assess myocardial perfusion at baseline and during adenosine infusion (0.2 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) in 8 WHHL rabbits (13.8+/-0.5 months) with 13N-ammonia, small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) and colored microspheres. Results were compared with those from 6 age-matched Japanese white rabbits. Plaque distribution was also examined in the extramural coronary arteries. All 8 WHHL rabbits had coronary plaques, with 6 showing multiple plaques. Mean global myocardial blood flow (ml x min(-1) x g(-1)) did not differ significantly between control and WHHL groups both at baseline (3.67+/-0.72 vs 4.26+/-1.12 ml x min(-1) x g(-1), p=NS) and with adenosine (7.92+/-2.00 vs 9.27+/-2.91 ml x min(-1) x g(-1), p=NS), nor did coronary flow reserve (2.16+/-0.37 vs 2.18+/-0.41, p=NS). None showed evidence of regional perfusion abnormalities by visual and semiquantitative analyses of PET images. It was concluded that WHHL rabbits preserve adenosine-induced coronary flow reserve despite coronary atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia, suggesting that a compensatory mechanism develops in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
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30
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Watanabe N, Tanada S, Oriuchi N, Kim EE, Murata H, Sasaki Y. Tumor uptake of radioiodinated anti-human pulmonary surfactant-associated protein monoclonal antibody PE10 in nude mice bearing human pulmonary adenocarcinoma in combination with an unlabeled preload. Nucl Med Biol 2000; 27:723-31. [PMID: 11150703 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the potential use of radioimmunoscintigraphy of pulmonary alveolar Type II cells tumor with the radiolabeled anti-human surfactant-associated protein (SP) monoclonal antibody (MAb) PE 10 in combination with preloads of unlabeled MAb. The in vitro binding of iodine-125 ((125)I)-labeled MAb PE 10 (1 microg), which had a specific radioactivity of 400 MBq/mg, on human pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma NCI-H441 cells that produced SP was investigated. In NCI-H441 tumor-bearing nude mice, the tumor uptake of (125)I-MAb PE 10 (5 microg) was examined in combination with preloads of unlabeled MAb PE 10 (0, 5, 10, and 50 microg). An isotype-matched unassociated murine MAb was used as a control both in vitro and in vivo. (125)I-MAb PE 10 showed specific cell binding compared with (125)I-control MAb. Tumor uptake of (125)I-MAb PE 10 in vivo reached a peak of 4.97+/-0.33% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 48 h postinjection. Preloads of 5 and 10 microg unlabeled MAb PE 10 significantly enhanced tumor uptake at 48 h postinjection ( 5.94+/-0.29% ID/g and 5.72+/-0.29% ID/g, respectively), whereas preload of 50 microg unlabeled MAb PE 10 significantly decreased tumor uptake ( 2.75+/-0.32% ID/g) at 48 h. Preload of 5 microg unlabeled MAb PE 10 significantly increased the tumor-to-blood radioactivity ratio at 48 h ( 2.39+/-0.16). Preloads of unlabeled control MAb did not cause any significant change in tumor uptake. Immunohistochemistry showed the intracellular and pericellular patterns of SP expression in tumor cells. In conclusion, radioimmunoscintigraphy with MAb PE 10 labeled with a gamma-emitting radioiodine such as (123)I might be a useful means of targeting pulmonary alveolar Type II tumor cells in combination with preloading with an optimal dose of the unlabeled MAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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31
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Shinotoh H, Namba H, Fukushi K, Nagatsuka S, Tanaka N, Aotsuka A, Tanada S, Irie T. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity in Alzheimer disease measured by positron emission tomography. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2000; 14 Suppl 1:S114-8. [PMID: 10850739 DOI: 10.1097/00002093-200000001-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in 14 patients with Alzheimer disease and 14 age-matched control subjects by positron emission tomography with a radioactive acetylcholine analogue. Kinetic analysis was performed to calculate k3, an index of acetylcholinesterase activity. The k3 values were significantly reduced in the neocortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of all patients with Alzheimer disease, suggesting a loss of cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain. Most profound reductions of k3 values were observed in the temporal (-30%) and parietal cortices (-31%), although reductions of k3 values were relatively uniform in the cerebral neocortex. This technique may be a powerful tool for early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and also for therapeutic monitoring of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinotoh
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Tanada S, Kawasaki N, Nakamura T, Araki M, Tachibana Y. Characteristics of Nonafluorobutyl Methyl Ether (NFE) Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Fibers and Different-Size-Activated Carbon Particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 228:220-225. [PMID: 10926460 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.6949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of adsorption of 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorobutyl methyl ether (NFE), a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacement, onto six different activated carbon; preparations (three activated carbon fibers and three different-sized activated carbon particles) were investigated to evaluate the interaction between activated carbon surfaces and NFE. The amount of NFE adsorbed onto the three activated carbon fibers increased with increasing specific surface area and pore volume. The amount of NFE adsorbed onto the three different-sized-activated carbon particles increased with an increase in the particle diameter of the granular activated carbon. The differential heat of the NFE adsorption onto three activated carbon fibers depended on the porosity structure of the activated carbon fibers. The adsorption rate of NFE was also investigated in order to evaluate the efficiency of NFE recovery by the activated carbon surface. The Sameshima equation was used to obtain the isotherms of NFE adsorption onto the activated carbon fibers and different-sized-activated carbon particles. The rate constant k for NFE adsorption onto activated carbon fibers was larger for increased specific surface area and pore volume. The rate of NFE adsorption on activated carbons of three different particle sizes decreased with increasing particle diameter at a low initial pressure. The adsorption isotherms of NFE for the six activated carbons conformed to the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation; the constants BE(0) (the affinity between adsorbate and adsorbent) and W(0) (the adsorption capacity) were calculated. These results indicated that the interaction between the activated carbon and NFE was larger with the smaller specific surface area of the activated carbon fibers and with the smaller particle diameter of the different-sized-activated carbon particles. The degree of packing of NFE in the pores of the activated carbon fibers was greater than that in the pores of the granular activated carbons. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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33
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Shinotoh H, Namba H, Fukushi K, Nagatsuka S, Tanaka N, Aotsuka A, Ota T, Tanada S, Irie T. Progressive loss of cortical acetylcholinesterase activity in association with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: a positron emission tomography study. Ann Neurol 2000; 48:194-200. [PMID: 10939570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We measured brain acetylcholinesterase activity in 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 14 age-matched controls by positron emission tomography (PET) and using a carbon 11-labeled acetylcholine analogue. Seven AD patients had repeat PET scans. The k3 values were calculated as an index of acetylcholinesterase activity in a three-compartment analysis using the metabolite corrected arterial input function. Twenty-eight of the 30 AD patients (14 each in the early and late onset subgroups) were retained in the study so as to equalize the range and average severity of cognitive impairment within the early and late onset subgroups. The k3 values were significantly reduced in the neocortex, hippocampus, and amygdala in the early onset AD patients, although the k3 values were significantly reduced only in the temporoparietal cortex and amygdala in the late onset AD patients. In the longitudinal study, all 7 repeat AD patients showed further reduction of cortical k3 values in the second PET scans, with a mean interval of 2 years, suggesting a progressive loss of the ascending cholinergic system from the nucleus basalis of Meynert in AD. In 37 AD patients, there was a highly significant correlation between the cortical k3 values and Mini-Mental State Examination scores, supporting the cholinergic hypothesis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinotoh
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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34
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Takahashi S, Imaki M, Yoshida Y, Ogawa Y, Tanada S. [A cross-sectional study on the relationship of plasma fibrinogen concentration and age, physical fitness, lifestyle and health examinations of healthy Japanese males]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2000; 55:508-15. [PMID: 10981184 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.55.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intention of this study was to examine the determinants of plasma fibrinogen concentrations in healthy Japanese male workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1998 among 1,044 (male 975, female 69) employees aged 30-59 years in Osaka, Japan. The overall mean value of plasma fibrinogen concentration was 236.4 +/- 47.6 mg/dl. There was a dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was associated with age, body weight, body mass index, white blood cell count and CPITN score, and inversely associated with serum HDL cholesterol in male nonsmokers. Plasma fibrinogen was not related to physical exercise, alcohol consumption or dietary factors. This study confirms the relationship of known coronary risk factors to plasma fibrinogen concentration in Japanese male factory workers, and suggests that smoking and periodontal disease are related to plasma fibrinogen concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
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35
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Okumura KK, Sagawa N, Kobayashi F, Nanno H, Matsumoto T, Itoh H, Korita D, Tanada S, Mori T. Activity of platelet-activating-factor-acetylhydrolase and the nitric oxide metabolite level in the plasma of pregnant women who develop transient hypertension during later pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2000; 11:75-9. [PMID: 10735550 DOI: 10.1071/rd98107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is reported that plasma platelet-activating-factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is elevated in patients with essential hypertension. In this study, plasma PAF-AH activity was measured during pregnancy and after delivery to examine the relationship between plasma PAF-AH activity and the development of transient hypertension (TH) during pregnancy. Moreover, in order to examine the involvement of endothelial injury in TH, the plasma level of nitric oxide metabolite (NOx; NO2+NO3) was measured. The plasma PAF-AH activity in 51 pregnant women was consecutively measured in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of gestation, and after delivery. Forty-one cases were normal pregnancies and 10 cases were complicated by TH later during pregnancy. The PAF-AH activity in the normal pregnancy group decreased in the 2nd trimester of gestation compared with the 1st trimester, but was elevated in the TH group. The incidence of elevation of PAF-AH in the TH group was significantly (7/10; 70.0%; P<0.01, Chi-squared test) higher than in the normal pregnancy group (9/41; 22.0%). The plasma NOx levels in the 2nd trimester were higher than those in the 1st trimester in both the normotensive and TH group (P<0.05 for both comparisons). The 51 patients were classified into two groups according to the change in the PAF-AH in the 2nd trimester: group A consisted of 35 patients whose PAF-AH activity did not increase, and group B consisted of 16 patients whose PAF-AH activity increased. The incidence of development of TH during later pregnancy in group B was significantly (7/16; 43.8%; P<0.01, Chi-squared test) higher than in group A (3/35; 8.6%). Hypertension developed after 36 weeks' gestation in all patients in the TH group. The results of the present study suggest that changes in PAF metabolism may relate to regulation of blood pressure in pregnant women whose pregnancy is complicated with TH, whereas NO metabolism does not differ between women with TH and those having a normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Okumura
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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36
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Someya Y, Obata T, Suhara T, Ota Y, Ikehira H, Tanada S, Hirakawa K, Okubo Y, Sasaki Y. Seizure frequency and bilateral temporal abnormalities: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 2000; 9:274-9. [PMID: 10880288 DOI: 10.1053/seiz.2000.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) was performed in seven healthy volunteers and 17 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to clarify the correlation of the severity of epilepsy with bilateral temporal changes in N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine + phosphocreatine (Cr). Despite unilateral EEG focus, bilateral temporal reduction in NAA /(Cho + Cr) was revealed in patients with intractable seizures. The potential for seizure generation correlated with the NAA /(Cho + Cr) reduction not only on the ipsilateral side but also on the contralateral side. Proton MRS proved to be a useful measurement for obtaining important information about the neuronal changes as well as the lateralization of the epileptogenic focus in TLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Someya
- Section of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Japan
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37
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Abstract
The mechanisms of adsorption of iron(II) ion, iron(III) ion, and reduced iron(III) ion onto an activated carbon fiber and the ability of carbon fibers to reduce iron(III) ion were investigated on the basis of the amounts of iron ion adsorbed. The amount of iron(II) ion adsorbed onto the activated carbon fiber increased with increasing adsorption temperature. Iron(II) ion was more easily removed by the activated carbon fiber than iron(III) ion. Iron(III) ion was adsorbed onto the activated carbon fiber after being reduced to iron(II) ion. The reduction ability of A-20 was stronger than that of A-10 because the hydrophilic groups of A-20 were larger than those of A-10. It is concluded that the activated carbon fiber has a reduction effect on iron(III) ion and that the reduction effect of the activated carbon fiber depended on the number of hydrophilic groups on the activated carbon fiber. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uchida
- Wakayama Prefectural Institute of Technology, Ogura 60, Wakayama, 649-6261, Japan
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Takami A, Yoshida K, Tadokoro H, Kitsukawa S, Shimada K, Sato M, Suzuki K, Masuda Y, Tanada S. Uptakes and images of 38K in rabbit heart, kidney, and brain. J Nucl Med 2000; 41:763-9. [PMID: 10768580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinetics and image quality of positron-emitting 38K (half-life, 7.6 min) and high-resolution small-animal PET in the heart, kidney, and brain of rabbits. METHODS Studies were performed with 18 closed-chest anesthetized rabbits at baseline and during infusions of adenosine (0.2 mg/kg/min) and propranolol (0.5-1.0 mg/kg intravenously) using high-resolution small-animal PET. 38K was injected intravenously and dynamic PET imaging of the heart, kidney, or brain was performed for 3 min. Colored microspheres were injected into the left ventricle to measure organ blood flow. Arterial blood was withdrawn directly from the femoral artery, and, after the animals were killed, 38K activities in each organ were measured directly with a well counter. Uptake of 38K was calculated by dividing the 38K activities in each organ by the integral of the input function. The extraction fraction of 38K was estimated by dividing the uptake of 38K in each organ by the organ blood flow, measured by microspheres. RESULTS The left ventricular myocardium and kidney were clearly visualized, but there was no visual 38K uptake in the brain. For the heart, kidney, and brain, respectively, average blood flow was 2.91 +/- 1.29, 5.49 +/- 0.71, and 0.57 +/- 0.11 mL/min/g, and the extraction fraction of 38K at baseline was 0.55 +/- 0.13, 0.48 +/- 0.13, and 0.022 +/- 0004. The Renkin-Crone model fit the relation between myocardial extraction and flow under a wide range of myocardial blood flow (r = 0.89). CONCLUSION 38K is a suitable tracer for noninvasively showing the potassium kinetics of the heart, kidney, and brain by PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takami
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
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39
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Nakamura T, Kawasaki N, Tamura T, Tanada S. In vitro adsorption characteristics of paraquat and diquat with activated carbon varying in particle size. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2000; 64:377-382. [PMID: 10757662 DOI: 10.1007/s001280000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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40
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Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Endo K, Inoue T, Kuroki M, Matsuoka Y, Tanada S, Murata H, Kim EE, Sasaki Y. CaNa2EDTA for improvement of radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy with 111In and 90Y-DTPA-anti-CEA MAbs in nude mice bearing human colorectal cancer. J Nucl Med 2000; 41:337-44. [PMID: 10688120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED 111In and 90Y, dissociated from 111In-labeled-monoclonal antibody (MAb) and 90Y-labeled MAb, may cause deterioration of the image quality in radioimmunodetection (RID) and undesirable irradiation of nontargeted tissue in radioimmunotherapy (RIT), respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate any improvement in RID and RIT with 111In-MAb and 90Y-MAb by pre- and postadministration of calcium disodium ethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid (CaNa2EDTA). METHODS Murine MAb F33-104 against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was labeled with 111In or 90Y by the diethylenetriamine pentaacetic (DTPA)-anhydride method. The influence of CaNa2EDTA on loss of radioactivity from 111In-MAb or 90Y-MAb in serum was investigated in vitro. The effects of CaNa2EDTA, administered before and after 111In-MAb or 90Y-MAb, on the biodistribution of radioactive isotopes in nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma LS 180 tumor expressing CEA, or human pulmonary carcinoma PC 9 tumor expressing no CEA, were then examined. As a control, 0.9% NaCl was used in both the in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS CaNa2EDTA did not cause any decrease in levels of radioactivity of radiolabeled MAbs. Pre- and post-treatment with CaNa2EDTA reduced radioctivity in both specific and nonspecific tumors at 72 h after 111In-MAb injection resulting in an increase of the specific tumor-to-nonspecific tumor radioactivity ratio. The levels of hepatic and renal radioactivity were also subsequently decreased by CaNa2EDTA. On the other hand, CaNa2EDTA pre- and post-treatment reduced levels of bony, hepatic, and renal radioactivity at 24, 72, and 72 h, respectively, after 90Y-MAb injection, although it had no effect on tumor radioactivity. CONCLUSION Pre- and post-treatment with CaNa2EDTA would be of great use in humans who undergo RID or RIT with 111In-MAb and 90Y-MAb accompanied by disassociation of the labeled radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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41
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Uchida M, Ito S, Kawasaki N, Nakamura T, Tanada S. Competitive Adsorption of Chloroform and Iron Ion onto Activated Carbon Fiber. J Colloid Interface Sci 1999; 220:406-409. [PMID: 10607459 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1999.6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chloroform in tap water has been a significant problem because it may be a carcinogenic substituent. Iron ion exists in tap water because of dissolution from iron water pipes. Iron ions in tap water cause discoloration and a bad odor. The isotherms of chloroform and iron ion adsorption onto activated carbon fibers in a single solution (chloroform or iron ion) and in a binary mixture solution (chloroform and iron ion) were investigated to estimate the competitiveness between chloroform and iron ions. The amount of adsorbed iron ions increased with increasing pore volume of the activated carbon fibers, while that of chloroform decreased. The amount of chloroform adsorbed onto the activated carbon fibers in the binary mixture solution was greater than that in the single solution. These results indicate that the adsorption of chloroform and iron ion onto activated carbon fibers could be competitive. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uchida
- Wakayama Prefectural Institute of Technology, Ogura 60, Wakayama, 649-6261, Japan
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42
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Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Tanada S, Murata H, Inoue T, Kim EE, Sasaki Y, Endo K. Effect of edetate calcium disodium on yttrium-90 activity in bone of mice. Ann Nucl Med 1999; 13:397-400. [PMID: 10656273 DOI: 10.1007/bf03164933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of Yttrium-90 (Y-90) in bone of mice was investigated in combination with edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA). One group of mice were intraperitoneally administered 37.5 mg/kg CaNa2EDTA or 0.9% NaCl as a control at 1, 22, 34, 46, 58, 70, 82, 94, 154 and 166 h after injection of Y-90 acetate (post-administration), and the biodistribution was studied at 3, 24, 72, 120 and 168 h postinjection of Y-90 acetate. No difference between the post-CaNa2EDTA-treated mice and the control was demonstrated in the radioactivity in the bone. A decrease in radioactivity in the liver and kidneys was accelerated, and the radioactivity was lower than the control at 120 h postinjection. The other group of mice were also given the same dose of chelator at 12 h and 1 h preinjection of Y-90 acetate and at 1, 22, 34, 46, 58, 70, 82, 94, 154 and 166 h after injection of Y-90 acetate (pre- and post-administration), the radioactivity in bone at 3 h postinjection was significantly lower than in the control (24.4 +/- 3.92% ID/g vs. 31.7 +/- 2.26% ID/g, p < 0.05), but the decrease was not sequential. A significant reduction in radioactivity in the blood, kidneys and liver was demonstrated at 3 h, 72 h and 72 h postinjection. In conclusion, the CaNa2EDTA with the administration schedule employed here cannot chelate the Y-90 from bone but the free Y-90 before deposition into bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences and Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan.
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43
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Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Endo K, Inoue T, Tanada S, Murata H, Kim EE, Sasaki Y. Localization of indium-111 in human malignant tumor xenografts and control by chelators. Nucl Med Biol 1999; 26:853-8. [PMID: 10628568 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(99)00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of soluble indium-111 ((111)In) in human malignant tumor xenografts and cells was investigated in combination with chelators. Firstly, without chelator, the kinetics of (111)In-chloride was investigated in vitro and in vivo using four human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-MC, pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma NCI-H441, pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma PC 9, and colon adenocarcinoma LS 180 cells and xenografts. (111)In was incorporated into tumor cells in vitro to a maximum level during a 60-min incubation. A maximum level of radioactivity was demonstrated in vivo in four human malignant tumors xenografted into nude mice at 24 h postinjection of (111)In-chloride. Secondly, the effect of edetate calcium disodium (CaNa2EDTA) on radioactivity in (111)In-labeled tumors xenografts and cells was studied in vitro and in vivo. CaNa2EDTA significantly reduced (111)In-activity from the labeled tumor xenografts, whereas it had no affect on the radioactivity in the labeled cells. Thirdly, the effect of CaNa2EDTA on radioactivity in human malignant tumors xenografted into nude mice injected with (111)In-chloride was investigated. In one group of mice CaNa2EDTA administered intraperitoneally at 1, 22, 34, 46, 58, and 70 h after injection of (111)In-chloride (postadministration), the localization of (111)In at the tumors was significantly decreased at 72 h compared with the control in all four tumor types. In the other group of mice, CaNa2EDTA administered intraperitoneally at 12 and 1 h before injection of (111)In-chloride and 1, 22, 34, 46, 58, and 70 h postinjection (pre- and postadministration), the radioactivity of tumors was also significantly decreased at 72 h, and the reduction was greater than that with use of postadministration. In a comparative study, CaNa3DTPA had a more powerful effect than CaNa2EDTA. In conclusion, (111)In-activity in tumors consists of intracellular and extracellular components, and the extracellular (111)In may be cleared by chelators. Pre- and postadministration of CaNa3DTPA could remove (111)In-nonspecific localization in tumors when (111)In is released from the radiolabeled agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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44
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Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Endo K, Inoue T, Tanada S, Murata H, Sasaki Y. Yttrium-90-labeled human macroaggregated albumin for internal radiotherapy: combined use with DTPA. Nucl Med Biol 1999; 26:847-51. [PMID: 10628567 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(99)00064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of yttrium-90-labeled human macroaggregated albumin (90Y-MAA) as an internal radiotherapeutic agent for whole-lung irradiation in combination with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The influence of trisodium calcium DTPA (CaNa3DTPA) on the radioactivity of 90Y-MAA in serum was investigated in vitro. The effect of CaNa3DTPA on the biodistribution of radioactivity in normal mice intraveneously injected with 90Y-MAA was examined. CaNa3DTPA could deprive in vitro radioactivity of 90Y-MAA in 48-h incubation. Most of the radioactivity (>90% injected dose per lung) was observed at murine lung after injection of 90Y-MAA. Pulmonary radioactivity was cleared within 72 h postinjection, whereas the radioactivities in the bone, liver, kidneys, and spleen increased with a peak at 48 h. CaNa3DTPA-treatment reduced the in vivo radioactivities in bone, liver, and kidneys without influence on the radioactivity of lung. In conclusion, combined use of CaNa3DTPA enables 90Y-MAA to be used as a radiopharmaceutical for internal irradiation against whole lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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45
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Tanada S, Nakamura T, Kawasaki N, Torii Y, Kitayama S. Removal of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds by Hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin. J Colloid Interface Sci 1999; 217:417-419. [PMID: 10469551 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1999.6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated carbon has been used for the recovery and removal of benzene, toluene, and xylenes in air and water for a long time. However, removal of benzene, toluene, and xylenes from soil is very difficult. They can be removed by an increase in the apparent solubility of organic compounds in soil. The apparent solubilities of benzene, toluene, and xylene were investigated to estimate their inclusion behavior into natural cyclodextrins (CDs) and hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins (HP-CDs) in the liquid phase. The apparent solubilities of benzene, toluene, and xylenes did not increase by adding natural CDs but did increase when HP-CDs were added. Benzene, toluene, and xylenes in a HP-CD solution depended on the relationship between the molecular diameter of benzene, toluene, and xylenes, the CD cavity size, and the 1-octanol-water partition coefficient. That of p-xylene was larger than that of o-xylene and m-xylene because of the smallest steric hindrance of p-xylene. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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46
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Watanabe N, Oku S, Inoue Y, Momose T, Otake T, Tanada S, Murata H, Sasaki Y, Endo K. Perfusion recovery after lung volume reduction surgery. Clin Nucl Med 1999; 24:619-21. [PMID: 10439194 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-199908000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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47
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Watanabe N, Oriuchi N, Sugiyama S, Kuroki M, Matsuoka Y, Tanada S, Murata H, Inoue T, Sasaki Y. In vitro and in vivo comparison of binding of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26. Nuklearmedizin 1999; 38:115-9. [PMID: 10392376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for radio-immunodetection (RAID) of murine anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monoclonal antibody (MAb) F33-104 labeled with technetium-99m (99m-Tc) by a reduction-mediated labeling method. METHODS The binding capacity of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA by means of in vitro procedures such as immunoradiometric assay and cell binding assay and the biodistribution of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 in normal nude mice and nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 tumor were investigated and compared with 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26. RESULTS The in vitro binding rate of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 with CEA in solution and attached to the cell membrane was significantly higher than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/261 (31.4 +/- 0.95% vs. 11.9 +/- 0.55% at 100 ng/mL of soluble CEA, 83.5 +/- 2.84% vs. 54.0 +/- 2.54% at 10(7) of LS 180 cells). In vivo, accumulation of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 was higher at 18 h postinjection than 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26 (20.1 +/- 3.50% ID/g vs. 14.4 +/- 3.30% ID/g). 99m-Tc-activity in the kidneys of nude mice bearing tumor was higher at 18 h postinjection than at 3 h (12.8 +/- 2.10% ID/g vs. 8.01 +/- 2.40% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104, 10.7 +/- 1.70% ID/g vs. 8.10 +/- 1.75% ID/g of 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb BW431/26). CONCLUSION 99m-Tc-labeled anti-CEA MAb F33-104 is a potential novel agent for RAID of recurrent colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watanabe
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Abstract
An 84-year-old woman visited a private dermatologist and gynecologist due to pain in the external genitals. However, no abnormality was found. She was referred to a surgeon in our hospital to clarify the etiology of the pain. Rectal cancer and liver metastatic tumor were detected, and the rectal cancer was resected. However, the pain increased after the operation and she was referred to our department. No macroscopic abnormalities of the external genitals were found. However, a vaginal examination could not be performed due to severe pain. By local examination under anesthesia, enlargement of the clitoris was detected. A simple clitoridectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed that the clitoral tumor was metastatic cancer originating from rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital, Amagasaki, 660, Japan
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49
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Shinotoh H, Namba H, Yamaguchi M, Fukushi K, Nagatsuka S, Iyo M, Asahina M, Hattori T, Tanada S, Irie T. Positron emission tomographic measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity reveals differential loss of ascending cholinergic systems in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol 1999; 46:62-9. [PMID: 10401781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
We measured brain acetylcholinesterase activity in 16 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 12 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 13 age-matched controls, using N-methyl-4-[11C]piperidyl acetate and positron emission tomography. Kinetic analysis was performed to calculate k3, an index of acetylcholinesterase activity. In PD patients, there was a significant reduction (-17%) of cerebral cortical k3 compared with normal controls, whereas there was only a nonsignificant reduction (-10%) of cortical k3 in PSP patients. However, there was a prominent reduction (-38%) of thalamic k3 in PSP patients compared with normal controls, whereas there was only a nonsignificant reduction (-13%) of thalamic k3 in PD patients. The results suggest that there is a loss of cholinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex in association with cholinergic innervation to the thalamus in PD, whereas there is a preferential loss of cholinergic innervation to the thalamus in PSP. When the thalamic to cerebral cortical k3 ratio was taken for each subject, PD and PSP were separated, suggesting that positron emission tomography measurement of acetylcholinesterase activity may be useful for differentiating the two similar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shinotoh
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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50
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Ikehira H, Girard F, Obata T, Ito H, Yoshitomi H, Miyazaki M, Nakajima N, Kamei H, Kanazawa Y, Takano H, Ito H, Tanada S, Sasaki Y. A preliminary study for clinical pharmacokinetics of oral fluorine anticancer medicines using the commercial MRI system 19F-MRS. Br J Radiol 1999; 72:584-9. [PMID: 10560341 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.72.858.10560341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
These preliminary studies of dynamic natural abundance 19F-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F-MRS) on 5-FU based medicines were performed in the human liver using commercial 1.5 T MRI equipment. A single tuned, custom-made circular shape surface coil with a diameter of 15 cm operating at 60 MHz was used for the 19F-MRS study. Localized proton shimming with a whole body coil was performed with adequate volume to include the observing area of the surface coil, and the line width of the water signal was less than 40 Hz. Very different spectroscopic appearance patterns of 5-FU were observed. We examined whether the pharmacokinetics in the liver of orally administered 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) differ from those of orally administered 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR). This preliminary study suggested the 19F-MRS technique could be a useful method of evaluating in vivo the metabolism of 5-FU based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ikehira
- Division of Advanced Technology for Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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