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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Medical and social needs of pregnant asylum-seekers in Direct Provision. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 116:808. [PMID: 37606235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
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Correction: Proliferation-associated Brn-3b transcription factor can activate cyclin D1 expression in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:782. [PMID: 36759573 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Air Pollution Levels Outside the Capital's Maternity Hospitals. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 115:650. [PMID: 36302350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The World Health Organisation has identified air pollution as the single biggest environmental threat to human health. There is growing evidence in the literature that air pollution is associated with negative outcomes in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to measure pollution levels in the immediate surroundings of the three Dublin maternity hospitals by measuring fine particulate matter <2.5 micrometres (PM2.5). Methods Data pertaining to levels of PM2.5 at the three Dublin maternity hospitals were obtained from Pollutrack's records for the time period 25/6/2021-2/12/2021. Results were compared to the 2021 WHO Air Quality Guidelines. Results Average PM2.5 levels were 9μg/m³ around the National Maternity Hospital, 10μg/m³ around the Coombe Hospital and 13μg/m³ around the Rotunda Hospital. Levels were higher during the day, weekdays and in December. No matter when the PM2.5 levels were measured, results were higher than those recommended by the World Health Organisation's Air Quality Guideline. Discussion Air pollution levels across Ireland's capital city are higher than recommended by the WHO. This is concerning for the public and in particular for the pregnant population. Going forward, further research is required on the relationship between levels of air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Dublin.
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Implementing Medical Student Teaching on Gynaecological Healthcare of Transgender Patients. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 115:632. [PMID: 36300707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Transgender people have specific healthcare needs and experience difficulty in accessing health services. Medical students should receive teaching on general and gynaecological healthcare issues in this population. Our aim was to assess medical students' knowledge of healthcare needs of transgender people before and after a newly implemented teaching session on transgender healthcare. Method A mixed-method study was carried out over a three month period in a university obstetric and gynaecology hospital in Dublin. A one-hour teaching session was developed and delivered to final year medical students. Students completed a survey before and after receiving the lecture. Results Seventy-one students completed the pre-lecture survey and forty-three completed the post-lecture survey. Pre-lecture, 64 students (90%) reported some-to-no understanding of healthcare issues of transgender people, and only 13 (18%) reported understanding gynaecological issues faced by transgender people. Post-lecture, 41 (95%) had a better understanding of health issues faced by this population and 40 (93%) had a better understanding of gynaecological health issues faced. Most students (81%) wanted further teaching on the topic. Conclusion A one-hour teaching session was effective at improving student knowledge of care of transgender people. This teaching could be expanded to all Irish medical schools. Going forward, the teaching could be adapted for post-graduate obstetric and gynaecology teaching.
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Growth performance, real-time gizzard pH and calcium solubility in the gut of broiler chickens is dependent on the interaction between dietary calcium concentration and limestone particle size. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:827-834. [PMID: 34009073 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1929840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of limestone particle size and dietary Ca concentration on performance, real-time gizzard pH, and Ca and P solubility in the gastrointestinal tract of 21d broiler chickens.2. A total of 576, one-day-old Ross 308 male broilers were randomly allocated among 4 treatments, with 8 replicate pens, and 18 birds per pen. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial consisting of two particle sizes of limestone (coarse, CL, 1200 µm; fine, FL, 44 µm) and two Ca concentrations (9.6 or 6.0 g/kg). On d 19 and 20, four birds per treatment were administered Heidelberg pH capsules and readings monitored for 3 h.3. Reducing Ca concentration from 9.6 to 6.0 g/kg had no effect on d 21 weight gain or FCR of birds fed CL; however, feeding FL at 9.6 g/kg Ca increased weight gain by 10% and reduced FCR by 5% compared to FL at 6.0 g/kg Ca (P < 0.001).4. Average gizzard pH readings ranged from pH 0.67 to 3.01 across all treatments. Birds fed CL at 6.0 g/kg Ca had lower average gizzard pH compared to birds fed 9.6 g/kg Ca, while birds fed FL at 6.0 g/kg Ca had higher gizzard pH than birds fed CL at both Ca concentrations, but was comparable to birds fed FL at 9.6 g/kg Ca (P < 0.001).5. For birds fed CL at 6.0 g/kg Ca, soluble Ca in the gizzard was approximately 40% lower (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, and reduced by 44% (P < 0.05) in the small intestine compared with birds fed FL at 6.0 g/kg Ca.6. These findings demonstrated that the effect of Ca concentration on gizzard pH, Ca solubility and broiler performance was dependent on limestone particle size and suggested that solubility per se had little relevance to performance.
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Differences in Personality, Defense Styles, and Coping Strategies in Individuals with Depressive Disorder According to Age Groups Across the Lifespan. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:911-918. [PMID: 31801315 PMCID: PMC6933140 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the differences in personality, defense style, and coping styles among patients with depression according to age groups. METHODS A total of 211 participants ranging from 19 to 81 years old were recruited for the study. To assess participants' five dimensions of personality, the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) was administered. In addition, the Korean-Defense Style Questionnaire and the Korean version of the coping checklist were administered to examine the defense and coping style. RESULTS In the analysis of NEO-PI-R, the mean value of Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism showed significant differences between the young adult age group (20-34 years) and the late middle age group (50-64 years) (p<0.05). The young age group used more immature defense styles and made less use of problem-focused coping strategy than the old age patients (65 years and older) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In the young age group associations with lower Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, as well as higher Neuroticism than the late middle age group were observed. Moreover, the young age group had a higher usage of immature defense style, and restricted use of problem-focused coping style than other age groups.
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Abstract P4-06-23: Feasibility of sygeneic mice models of breast cancer for research of immune checkpoint blockades. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-06-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: With the increasing success of immune checkpoint blockades for cancer treatment, we increasingly need well-characterized preclinical models. Syngeneic mice models (with a fully competent immune system) have advantages that they are easily established and cost less, though they do not reflect genetic complexity of human tumors. We evaluated feasibility of syngeneic mice models of breast cancer by analyzing efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and dynamic change of tumor immune microenvironment.
Methods: We used syngeneic mice model of JC, 4T1, and EMT6 cells, which are all murine triple negative breast cancer in BALB/c mice. At the time when subcutaneous tumors reach at 50˜100mm^3, each mice models were divided into 2 groups for treatment versus no-treatment control. In the treatment group, mice version of anti-PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally injected (q 3 days, x 6). Anti-tumor efficacy was monitored by measuring tumor volume. 'Tumor response' was defined as a case with tumor volume less than that of control group by a standard error at a determined time point. Immune microenvironment was evaluated by measuring serum cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ, and TNFα) with legendplex and immune cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, and FOXP3) of peripheral blood with FACS before injection of PD-1 blockade, after 1st injection, and when euthanized. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were evaluated with FACS, when euthanized.
Results: The tumor response rate to PD-1 blockade was highest in the 4T1 model (54.5%, 6/11) compared to JC model (40%, 4/10) or EMT6 model (36.4%, 4/11). Bleeding 3 times and tumor obtainment when euthanized in each mouse were feasible for profiling of cytokines and immune cells. Although before treatment with PD-1 blockade, CD3+T cells in peripheral blood were slightly lower in 4T1 model (18.3±8.1%) than JC model (24.6±4.7%) or EMT6 model (27.9±6.3%), after injection of one dose of PD-1 blockade, CD3+T cells increased 1.5 times in 4T1 model (18.3% to 27.3%), whereas those CD3+T cells decreased slightly in JC model and EMT6 model. Dynamic changes were not observed in other subsets of peripheral immune cells in all 3 models. Serum TNFα (with statistical significance) and IFNγ (with borderline significance) were higher in responders than in non-responders or no-treatment control.
Conclusions: Syngeneic mice models of breast cancer were feasible to investigate immune checkpoint blockades and monitor dynamic change of immune microenvironment. In this regard, such models may be used to evaluate immune checkpoint blockade-based combination therapy as well.
Citation Format: Moon YW, Park N, Hur J, Pandey K, Cho YB, Kim SK, Lee SA, Son GW, Jo JM, An H-J. Feasibility of sygeneic mice models of breast cancer for research of immune checkpoint blockades [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-23.
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Meta-analysis: explicit value of mono-component proteases in monogastric diets. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2078-2085. [PMID: 29462412 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of mono-component proteases on performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD, %) in monogastrics. A total of 67 experimental trials were included in the meta-analysis from published and internal reports, contributing 467 lines of data. Poultry and swine data accounted for 81 and 19% of the dataset, respectively. Forty-four different proteases were included in the meta-analysis, accounting for commercial and non-commercial products. Mixed Model analysis was used to assess protease effect and the influence of inherent characteristics of the control on protease response. The mean performance response to protease was a reduction in feed conversion ratio (FCR) for poultry (1%, P < 0.05) and swine (4%, P > 0.05). The mean relative effect of protease on AIAAD over the control was 1.6 ± 0.3%, ranging from 1.2% for Arg, Phe and Trp to 2.6% for Cys. For the majority of amino acids, inherent AIAAD of control diets influenced (P < 0.05) the magnitude of the protease response such that, as inherent digestibility increased, the effect of protease on amino acid digestibility decreased. The dataset was subsequently divided into 2 subgroups: diets with and without other enzymes, namely non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (NSPase) and phytase. Addition of protease in diets containing no other enzymes significantly (P < 0.05) increased AIAAD for the majority of amino acids and tended (P < 0.10) to improve Met, Trp, Pro, Gly, and Tyr. However, when other enzymes were included in the experiment, the beneficial effect of protease on AIAAD was lost (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that when other enzymes are already included in the diet, addition of protease requires further justification for use in monogastric diets.
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Exogenous phytase and xylanase exhibit opposing effects on real-time gizzard pH in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:568-578. [PMID: 29976077 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1496403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. The current study was conducted to evaluate the influence of high phytase doses and xylanase, individually and in combination, on performance, blood inositol and real-time gastric pH in broilers fed wheat-based diets. 2. In a 42-d experiment, a total of 576 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were allocated to 4 dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 500 or 2500 FTU/kg phytase and 0 or 16 000 BXU/kg xylanase, fed in two phases (starter 0-21; grower 21-42 d). Heidelberg pH capsules were administered to 8 birds from each treatment group, pre- and post-diet phase change, with readings captured over a 5.5-h period. 3. At 21 and 42 d, birds fed 500 FTU/kg phytase without xylanase had on average 127 and 223 g lower weight gain than all other treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). At 21 d, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was reduced (P < 0.01) by 2500 FTU/kg phytase or xylanase; however, 42-d FCR was unaffected by enzyme treatment. Inositol content of plasma was twice that of the erythrocyte (P < 0.001), with 2500 FTU/kg phytase tending to increase (P = 0.07) inositol content in both blood fractions. 4. Across all treatments, capsule readings ranged from pH 0.54 to 4.84 in the gizzard of broilers. Addition of 2500 FTU/kg phytase to the grower diet reduced (P < 0.05) average gizzard pH from 2.89 to 1.69, whilst feeding xylanase increased (P < 0.001) gizzard pH from 2.04 to 2.40. In contrast, digital probe measurements showed no effect of xylanase on gizzard pH, while addition of 2500 FTU/kg phytase increased (P = 0.05) pH compared to 500 FTU/kg phytase with or without xylanase. 5. These findings suggested that xylanase and high phytase doses have opposite effects on real-time gastric pH, while similarly improving performance of broilers.
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P1758Clinical situations associated with inappropriately large regurgitant volume in the assessment of mitral regurgitation severity using proximal flow convergence method. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lyman-α source for laser cooling antihydrogen. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2905-2908. [PMID: 29905720 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a Lyman-α laser developed for cooling trapped antihydrogen. The system is based on a pulsed Ti:sapphire laser operating at 729 nm that is frequency doubled using an LBO crystal and then frequency tripled in a Kr/Ar gas cell. After frequency conversion, this system produces up to 5.7 μW of average power at the Lyman-α wavelength. This laser is part of the ATRAP experiment at the antiproton decelerator in CERN.
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321 Digestibility of Amino Acids, Energy, Fat, and Fiber and Digestible and Metabolizable Energy in Low-Oil Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Fed to Growing Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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264 Effects of Dakota Gold and Conventional Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles on Wean to Finish Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Diets Provided As Pellets or in a Meal Form. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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323 Digestibility of Amino Acids, Fiber, and Fat and Concentrations of Digestible and Metabolizable Energy in Two Sources of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Fed to Growing Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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157 Comparative Digestibility and Retention of Calcium and Phosphorus By Gestating Sows and Growing Pigs Fed Low- and High-Phytate Diets without or with Microbial Phytase. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
1. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of high phytase doses on growth performance and real-time gastric pH measurements in broiler chickens and pigs. 2. In the first experiment, 576 male Ross 308 broilers were fed in two phases (0-21 and 21-42 d) with 4 treatment groups, with diets meeting nutrient requirements containing 0, 500, 1500 or 2500 FTU/kg phytase. In the second, 64 Landrace weaners were fed on diets meeting nutrient requirements with or without phytase (0 or 2500 FTU/kg) in two phases (0-21 and 21-42 d). Heidelberg pH capsules were administered to 7 broilers and approximately 13 pigs per treatment group, pre- and post-phase change, with readings monitored over several hours. 3. Addition of phytase into an adequate Ca and P diet had no significant effect on broiler performance although phytase tended (P < 0.07) to improve feed conversion in pigs over the entire experimental period. Real-time pH capsule readings in broilers demonstrated an increase (P < 0.05) in gizzard pH when phytase was dosed at 500 or 1500 FTU/kg, while higher doses of 2500 FTU/kg phytase lowered pH to a level comparable to control birds. Gastric pH increased (P < 0.01) when animals were exposed to dietary phase change, signifying a potential challenge period for nutrient digestibility. However, pigs fed 2500 FTU/kg were able to maintain gastric pH levels through diet phase change. In contrast, spear-tip probe measurements showed no treatment effect on gastric pH. 4. These findings demonstrate dietary manipulation of gastric pH and the value of real-time pH capsule technology as a means of determining phytase dose response.
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Comparison of Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Depending on the Age of Being Diagnosed in Childhood and Adulthood: Based on Retrospective Review in One University Hospital. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2017. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2017.28.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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An effective diagnostic strategy for accurate detection of RhD variants including Asian DEL type in apparently RhD-negative blood donors in Korea. Vox Sang 2016; 111:425-430. [PMID: 27864976 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to provide an effective RHD genotyping strategy for the East Asian blood donors. MATERIAL AND METHODS RhD phenotyping, weak D testing and RhCE phenotyping were performed on 110 samples from members of the RhD-negative club, private organization composed of RhD-negative blood donors, in the GwangJu-Chonnam region of Korea. The RHD promoter, intron 4, and exons 7 and 10 were analysed by real-time PCR. Two nucleotide changes (c.1227 G>A, and c.1222 T>C) in exon 9 were analysed by sequencing. RESULTS Of 110 RhD-negative club members, 79 (71·8%) showed complete deletion of the RHD gene, 10 (9·1%) showed results consistent with RHD-CE-D hybrid, and 21 (19·1%) showed amplification of RHD promoter, intron 4, and exons 7 and 10. Of the latter group, 16 (14·5%) were in the DEL blood group including c.1227 G>A (N = 14) and c.1222 T>C (N = 2), 2 (1·8%) were weak D, 1(0·9%) was partial D, and 2 (1·8%) were undetermined. The RhD-negative phenotype samples consisted of 58 C-E-c+e+, 19 C-E+c+e+, 3 C-E+c+e-, 21 C+E-c+e-, 6 C+E-c+e+ and 3 C+E-c-e + . Notably, all 58 samples with the C-E-c+e+ phenotype were revealed to have complete deletion of the RHD gene. The C-E-c+e+ phenotype showed 100% positive predictive value for detecting D-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS RHD genotyping is not required in half of D-negative cases. We suggest here an effective RHD genotyping strategy for accurate detection of RhD variants in apparently RhD-negative blood donors in East Asia.
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Different Coefficients and Exponents for Metabolic Body Weight in a Model to Estimate Individual Feed Intake for Growing-finishing Pigs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1756-1760. [PMID: 27608642 PMCID: PMC5088424 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of feed intake (FI) for individual animals within a pen is needed in situations where more than one animal share a feeder during feeding trials. A partitioning method (PM) was previously published as a model to estimate the individual FI (IFI). Briefly, the IFI of a pig within the pen was calculated by partitioning IFI into IFI for maintenance (IFIm) and IFI for growth. In the PM, IFIm is determined based on the metabolic body weight (BW), which is calculated using the coefficient of 106 and exponent of 0.75. Two simulation studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the use of different coefficients and exponents for metabolic BW to calculate IFIm improves the accuracy of the estimates of IFI for pigs, and that PM is applied to pigs fed in group-housing systems. The accuracy of prediction represented by difference between actual and estimated IFI was compared using PM, ratio (RM), or averaging method (AM). In simulation studies 1 and 2, the PM estimated IFI better than the AM and RM during most of the periods (p<0.05). The use of 0.60 as the exponent and the coefficient of 197 to calculate metabolic BW did not improve the accuracy of the IFI estimates in both simulation studies 1 and 2. The results imply that the use of 197 kcal×kg BW0.60 as metabolizable energy for maintenance in PM does not improve the accuracy of IFI estimations compared with the use of 106 kcal×kg BW0.75 and that the PM estimates the IFI of pigs with greater accuracy compared with the averaging or ratio methods in group-housing systems.
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Subjective apnoea symptoms are associated with daytime sleepiness in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a retrospective study. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 41:395-401. [PMID: 27086649 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most previous studies have failed to show a relation between daytime sleepiness and apnoea severity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We determined the relation between daytime sleepiness and subjective and objective apnoea severity in newly diagnosed patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS A total of 559 adults with newly diagnosed moderate and severe OSA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Daytime sleepiness was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Subjective and objective apnoea severities were assessed using the Sleep Breathing Scale (SBS) and polysomnography respectively. Sleep quality and depressive symptoms were evaluated using Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) respectively. RESULTS The mean ESS score was 9.8 (SD 5.0). ESS score was correlated with SBS score (P < 0.001), apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) (P = 0.027), minimal oxygen saturation (MinSaO2 ) (P = 0.021), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.007) and BDI score (P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that higher SBS (P = 0.005) and BDI scores (P < 0.001) were associated with higher ESS score after controlling for gender, BMI and AHI. Apnoea-hypopnoea index, MinSaO2 and BMI were not independently related to ESS score. CONCLUSIONS Daytime sleepiness was related to subjective OSA symptoms but not objective apnoea severity measured by polysomnography in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. These findings suggest the usefulness of the subjective apnoea severity as an indicator of OSA disease severity.
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A Multicenter Study Investigating Empathy and Burnout Characteristics in Medical Residents with Various Specialties. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:590-7. [PMID: 27051244 PMCID: PMC4810343 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed empathy in medical residents, including factors modifying empathy and the relationship between empathy and burnout. Participants (n = 317 residents, response rate = 42%) from 4 university hospitals completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (Health Professional version, Korean edition), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Participants were classified by medical specialty: "people-oriented specialty" (POS group) or "technology-oriented specialty" (TOS group), with more women in the POS than in the TOS group, χ(2) = 14.12, P < 0.001. Being female, married, and having children were factors related to higher empathy (gender, t = -2.129, P = 0.034; marriage, t = -2.078, P = 0.038; children, t = 2.86, P = 0.005). Within specialty group, POS residents showed higher empathy scores in the fourth as compared to the first year, F = 3.166, P = 0.026. Comparing POS and TOS groups by year, fourth year POS residents had significantly higher scores than did fourth year TOS residents, t = 3.349, P = 0.002. There were negative correlations between empathy scores and 2 MBI subscales, emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP). Additionally, first year POS residents had higher DP scores than did first year TOS residents, t = 2.183, P = 0.031. We suggest that factors important for empathy are type of medical specialty, marriage, siblings, and children. Burnout state may be related to decreasing empathy.
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Model evaluation of faecal contamination in coastal areas affected by urban rivers receiving combined sewer overflows. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2014; 70:430-436. [PMID: 25098871 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Odaiba seaside park is one of the most popular waterfronts in Tokyo Bay, but is easily affected by wet weather pollutant loads through combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The monitoring data of Escherichia coli clearly showed high faecal contamination after a rainfall event on 9-11 November 2007. We estimated the amounts of discharge volume and E. coli pollutant loads of urban rivers receiving CSO from rainfall chambers as well as pumping stations and primary effluent discharge. The result suggested that Sumida River and Meguro River were more influential to the Odaiba coastal area than other sources including the nearest wastewater treatment plant. Subsequently, we simulated the dynamic behaviour of E. coli by a three-dimensional (3D) hydro-dynamic and water quality model. The model simulation reproduced that E. coli concentration after the rainfall event increased rapidly at first and later gradually decreased. The simulations with and without inflow pollutant loads from urban rivers suggested that the E. coli concentration can be influenced by the Meguro River just after the rainfall event and Sumida River about 1 week later. From the spatial and temporal distribution of surface E. coli concentration, after at least 6 days from the rainfall event, high faecal contamination spread to the whole of the coastal area.
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Increased NFAT5 expression stimulates transcription of Hsp70 in preeclamptic placentas. Placenta 2013; 35:109-16. [PMID: 24398013 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), and hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the placentas of normal and preeclamptic pregnancies and in human placental hypoxia models in vitro to examine the regulatory mechanisms of placental Hsp70 expression. METHODS The expression levels of HIF-1α, NFAT5, and Hsp70 were examined in placental samples from 10 females with preeclampsia and 10 normotensive control patients and in human choriocarcinoma trophoblast cells treated with 1 mM CoCl2 by western blotting. Using models of placental hypoxia, pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α with chetomin and shRNA knockdown and overexpression of NFAT5 were performed to investigate the roles of HIF-1α and NFAT5 in induction of Hsp70 by placental hypoxia. RESULTS The levels of HIF-1α, NFAT5, and Hsp70 expression were significantly higher in the preeclamptic compared to normal placentas. In the placental hypoxia models, the expression of HIF-1α, NFAT5, and Hsp70 were significantly higher after 3, 6, and 12 h of 1 mM CoCl2 treatment, respectively. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α suppressed the induction of NFAT5 and Hsp70 at the protein level. shRNA knockdown of NFAT5 suppressed the induction of Hsp70 protein and overexpression of NFAT5 stimulated the induction of Hsp70 mRNA and protein in models of human placental hypoxia in vitro. CONCLUSION HIF-1α positively regulates the induction of NFAT5 and Hsp70 by placental hypoxia and NFAT5 stimulates transcription of Hsp70 in response to placental hypoxia in models of human placental hypoxia in vitro.
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Abstract P6-05-21: High standardized uptake value of 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography is related with FOXM1 expression, which negatively influences survival in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p6-05-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Standardized uptake value (SUV), which is an indicator reflecting glucose uptake in 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET), can be implicated to be a prognostic factor in various malignant tumors. Using a data set with gene expression profiling, we tried to uncover a molecular marker associated with a high SUV, along with an exploration its prognostic value in breast cancer.
Methods
Microarray gene expression profiling was performed in 287 breast tumor samples. Five hundred nanograms of total RNA were used for labeling and hybridization, according to the manufacturer's protocols (Illumina, San Diego, CA). In 66 samples with SUV, genes with expression patterns highly correlated with the value of SUV were selected for cluster analysis. Five hundred thirty tree gene features were selected for analysis. Patients were divided into the following two groups: SUV-high cluster and SUV-low cluster. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on 533 gene features. The prognostic value of the identified gene was validated in 287 samples and the online public set.
Results
Gene network analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software revealed considerable enrichment of the gene network toward FOXM1 in the SUV-high cluster, suggesting that its activation might be a key determinant associated with SUV level. Also, the expression of many marker genes for cell proliferation, such as AURKA, AURKB, BIRC5, BUB1, and TOP2A, was significantly higher in the SUV-high cluster than in the SUV-low cluster. Next, in the 287 patients with known FOXM1 expression levels, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a negative prognostic impact of highly expressed FOXM1 for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and distant-metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (P = 0.002, P = 0.015, P = 0.008, respectively; Table 1). To validate a prognostic impact of FOXM1 in an external data, we performed a survival analysis using online gene-expression array data. There was significant correlation between the FOXM1 expression level and OS, DFS and DMFS.
Conclusion
Here we analyzed FOXM1 as a biomarker associated with a high SUV and demonstrated that FOXM1 is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer.
Prognostic significance of FOXM1 in 287 patients Overall SurvivalBreast cancer-specific survivalDisease-free survivalDistant metastasis-free survivalFOXM1 high (n = 144)log-rank testlog-rank testlog-rank testlog-rank testFOXM1 low (n = 133)P = 0.002P = 0.001P = 0.015P = 0.008
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-05-21.
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N-acetylcysteine enhances neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic stem cells via Akt and N-cadherin activation. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2012; 46:741-746. [PMID: 23156673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) enhanced embryonic body (EB) formation and neuronal differentiation in terms of EB formation, neuronal marker (microtubule-associated protein 2; MAP-2) expression, and neuron maturation using P19 embryonic stem cells. The size and numbers of EBs were greatly increased, together with the up-regulated N-cadherin expression. Also, MAP-2 expression and neurite outgrowth were much increased with activation of serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and blocked by addition of an Akt inhibitor (LY294002). Our results suggested that NAC increased EB formation by up-regulating the N-cadherin expression. Furthermore, NAC-enhanced neuronal differentiation was mediated by activation of Akt.
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A novel HLA-DRB1*12 allele, DRB1*12:16:02, identified by sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 80:278-9. [PMID: 22762239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The novel allele DRB1*12:16:02 allele showed two single nucleotide differences with HLA-DRB1*12:16:01 at nucleotides 303 G>C and 321 C>T in exon 2.
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the rate of progression to insulin deficiency in Korean patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus positive for anti-GAD antibody (GADA) and to determine the factors related to progression to insulin deficiency. METHODS We retrospectively analysed data on 87 GADA-positive and 87 age- and sex-matched GADA-negative patients with Type 2 diabetes. GADA-positive patients were further subclassified into high-titre (≥ 250 WHO units/ml) (n = 24) and low-titre (< 250 WHO units/ml) (n = 63) subgroups. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify factors associated with progression to insulin deficiency. RESULTS Over a period of 6 years, two of 87 (2.3%) GADA-negative and 37 of 87 (42.5%) GADA-positive patients had progressed to insulin deficiency. The rate of progression to insulin deficiency was higher in the high-titre than in the low-titre subgroup (75.0 vs. 30.2%). Multivariate analysis in GADA-positive patients showed that high-titre GADA and low BMI at diagnosis were independent factors significantly related to progression to insulin deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The presence of GADA predicted the progression to insulin deficiency in Korean patients with Type 2 diabetes. In GADA-positive patients, high-titre GADA and low BMI were associated with this progression.
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Inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway suppresses sFlt1 expression in human placental hypoxia models in vitro. Placenta 2010; 31:621-9. [PMID: 20488538 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although elevated expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, it is unclear how hypoxia regulates placental sFlt1 expression. Thus, we investigated sFlt1 expression in placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies and in human placental hypoxia models in vitro to examine the role of the PI3K-Akt pathway in regulating the expression of this molecule. METHODS We examined the expression of VEGF, PlGF, sFlt1, PI3K, Akt, and HIF-1 in placental samples from ten women with pre-eclampsia and ten normotensive control patients and in human choriocarcinoma trophoblast cells treated with 600muM CoCl(2) by Western blotting. Using models of placental hypoxia, we also determined whether inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway plays a direct role in regulating the expression of sFlt1. RESULTS The VEGF, PlGF, sFlt1, PI3K, Akt, and HIF-1 levels were significantly higher in the preeclamptic placentas than the normal placentas. In the placental hypoxia models, the expression of VEGF and PlGF increased in a time-dependent manner, whereas the expression of sFlt1 plateaued after 3h of CoCl(2) treatment. The expression levels of p-Akt and PI3K were maximal after 6 and 12h of CoCl(2) treatment, respectively. The expression of HIF-1alpha increased in a time-dependent manner with CoCl(2) treatment. Inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway with the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 leads to decreased sFlt1 levels and unchanged or increased VEGF and PlGF levels. CONCLUSION Inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway may be a useful therapeutic approach, if it were to decrease sFlt1 secretion without inhibiting VEGF or PlGF secretion. This pathway provides a potential target for a new treatment strategy in patients with pre-eclampsia.
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Role of heat shock proteins in gastric inflammation and ulcer healing. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2009; 60 Suppl 7:5-17. [PMID: 20388941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
With the discovery of gastric acid and pepsin in the stomach, the questions about "why does the stomach not digest itself?", "how does the stomach preserve its normal integrity under the continuous exposure to lytic materials that are secreted?", and "how does the stomach resist against overwhelming Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection or persistent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) administration?" had been raised. The discovery of "gastric mucosal barrier" or "the presence of defense system" might be the answers to these questions. The first level of gastric mucosal barrier consists of the factors secreted into the lumen including bicarbonates, mucus, immunoglobulins, other antibacterial substances including lactoferrin, and surface active phospholipids. The second level of defense system is the gastric epithelia, which are remarkably resistant to acids or irritants and forms relatively tight barrier to passive diffusion. In addition, the epithelium is capable of undergoing extremely rapid repair and restitution if its continuity is disrupted. The third level of gastric mucosal barrier is the mucosal microcirculation in concert with sensory afferent nerves within the mucosa and submucosa. Back diffusion of acid or toxin into the mucosa results in neural system-mediated elevations of calcitonin gene related peptide, which contribute to enhancing mucosal blood flows that are very critical for limiting damage and facilitating repair. The fourth level of defense is the mucosal immune system, consisting of mast cells and macrophage, which orchestrate an appropriate inflammatory response to challenge. All the above factors are known to contribute to orchestrated artwork of "gastric mucosal protection". In recent years, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been implicated to be an additional factor utilized for the gastric defense mechanisms at the intracellular level. Certain HSPs are expressed under non-stressful conditions and play an important role in the maintenance of normal cell integrity, but HSPs are generally considered to improve cellular recovery both by either refolding partially damaged functional proteins or increasing delivery of precursor proteins to important organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, through which HSPs might complete efficient mucosal defense mechanisms and achieve ulcer healing, mostly probably protecting key enzymes related to cytoprotection. In this review, role of each heat shock protein, HSP90, HSP70, HSP27, in gastric inflammation and gastric ulcer healing will be described with general roles of HSPs.
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DNA copy-number loss on 1p36.1 harboring RUNX3 with promoter hypermethylation and associated loss of RUNX3 expression in liver fluke-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2009; 10:575-582. [PMID: 19827872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, localized on 1p36, involved in TGF-beta-Smads signaling. To assess its role in liver fluke-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the promoter methylation status was investigated in 53 ICCs by methylation-specific PCR, with determination of loss of 1p36.1 by microarray comparative genomic hybridization and RUNX3 protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Loss at 1p36.1 was found 41.5% of ICCs (22/53). In addition, DNA hypermethylation of the RUNX3 promoter was found in 49.1% (26/53) of cancers and 57.1% (4/7) of ICC cell lines. The protein was highly expressed in normal bile ducts but mostly decreased in ICCs, 67.9% (n= 36) being negative for immunohistochemical staining. Promoter hypermethylation of RUNX3 was associated with reversible decrease or absence of RUNX3 protein expression (p<0.001), but this was not found to differ with the ICC subtype. In contrast, loss of 1p36.1 demonstrated a significant link (p= 0.020). In conclusion, RUNX3 promoter hypermethylation and loss of 1p36.1 are causal mechanisms for loss of RUNX3 function in liver fluke-associated ICC carcinogenesis.
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Endovenous Laser Ablation of the Incompetent Small Saphenous Vein with a 980-nm Diode Laser: Our Experience with 3Years Follow-up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008; 36:738-42. [PMID: 18851921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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PKC delta in preeclamptic placentas promotes Bax dissociation from 14-3-3 zeta through 14-3-3 zeta phosphorylation. Placenta 2008; 29:584-92. [PMID: 18472156 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated placental apoptosis and the expression of and interactions between 14-3-3 and Bcl-2 family proteins during preeclampsia. In addition, we explored the mechanism of Bax dissociation from 14-3-3, hypothesizing that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of 14-3-3 results in dissociation of Bax from 14-3-3 proteins, and leads to apoptosis. METHODS Placental samples from 10 women with preeclampsia and 10 normotensive control patients were analyzed using M30-specific immunohistochemistry to assess placental apoptosis. Biochemical markers of cellular apoptosis, such as cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, 14-3-3, and PKC were followed by Western blotting. Interaction of 14-3-3 proteins with Bax and with PKC was assessed by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS M30-positive cells were widespread in the preeclamptic placentas. The levels of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, 14-3-3 zeta, phospho-(Ser)-14-3-3, and PKC delta were significantly higher in the preeclamptic placentas than in normal placentas. Preeclampsia was also associated with weaker interactions between 14-3-3 zeta and Bax and stronger interactions between 14-3-3 zeta and PKC delta. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PKC delta in preeclamptic placentas promotes Bax dissociation from 14-3-3 zeta through the phosphorylation of 14-3-3 zeta. This finding may at least in part explain the apoptosis-inducing activity of PKC delta, revealing the important role of PKC delta in the development of apoptosis-related diseases such as preeclampsia.
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Proliferation-associated Brn-3b transcription factor can activate cyclin D1 expression in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2008; 27:145-54. [PMID: 17637757 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brn-3b transcription factor enhances proliferation of neuroblastoma (NB) and breast cancer cell lines in vitro and increases the rate and size of in vivo tumour growth, whereas reducing Brn-3b slows growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Brn-3b is elevated in >65% of breast cancer biopsies, and here we demonstrate that Brn-3b is also elevated in NB tumours. We show a significant correlation between Brn-3b and cyclin D1 (CD1) in breast cancers and NB tumours and cell lines. Brn-3b directly transactivates the CD1 promoter in co-transfection experiments, whereas electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that Brn-3b protein binds to an octamer sequence located in the proximal CD1 promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis of this sequence resulted in loss of transactivation of the CD1 promoter by Brn-3b. Thus, Brn-3b may act to alter growth properties of breast cancer and NB cells by enhancing CD1 expression in these cells.
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Abstract
Room temperature mid-infrared experiments between 500 and 1800 cm(-1) have been performed on crystalline deoxyadenosine as a function of pressure up to about 10 GPa. Discontinuities observed near 2 and 4 GPa indicate that two separate phase transitions occur at these pressures. Changes in the spectra suggest that both transitions involve a rearrangement of the pucker of the deoxyribose moiety. The wavenumbers of the vibrational modes shift to higher values with applied pressure. Our results for deoxyadenosine are compared to similar measurements on adenosine. Assignments for the observed modes are made on the basis of work published in the literature.
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SULT1E1 genetic polymorphisms modified the association between phytoestrogen consumption and bone mineral density in healthy Korean women. Calcif Tissue Int 2006; 79:152-9. [PMID: 16969590 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-006-0008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfotransferase 1E1 (SULT1E1) catalyze estrogen into sulfate conjugation and is involved in the metabolism of phytoestrogen. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 397 Korean women, to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms of SULT1E1 and bone mineral density (BMD) and the combined effect of the genetic polymorphism and phytoestrogen intake for BMD in Korean women. BMDs of the distal radius and the calcaneus were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Genotypes of SULT1E1 IVS1-447 C>A, IVS4-1653 T>C, and *959 G>A were determined by the 5'-nuclease assay (TaqMan). Phytoestrogen intake was estimated by a food-frequency questionnaire validated against multiple 24-hour recalls. Women with the SULT1E1 *959 GG genotype had a 4.5% lower BMD at the distal radius (P (trend )= 0.05) and a 7.9% lower BMD at the calcaneus compared to those with AA genotype (P (trend) < 0.01), whereas the SULT1E1 IVS1-447 CC genotype and IVS4-1653 TT genotype were not associated with BMD. There was no significant trend of BMD with the numbers of CTG-containing haplotypes, but calcaneal BMDs significantly differed between SULT1E1 CTA-CTA haplotype and CTG-CCA haplotype (P < 0.05). When stratified by SULT1E1 genotype, the correlation between phytoestrogen consumption and BMD at the calcaneus was noteworthy in women with SULT1E1 *959 GG genotype (r = 0.25, P = 0.01) or SULT1E1 IVS 4-1653 TT genotype (r = 0.15, P = 0.02). This trend remained significant only in postmenopausal women (r = 0.36, P = 0.01) after multiple testing was corrected by the false discovery rate method. In conclusion, the genetic polymorphism of SULT1E1 *959 G > A was associated with BMD at the distal radius and calcaneus, and the association between phytoestrogen consumption and calcaneal BMD might be modified by this genetic polymorphism.
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The effect of solvent dynamics on the low frequency collective motions of DNA in solution and unoriented films. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:224706. [PMID: 16784300 DOI: 10.1063/1.2200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy is used to probe the dynamics of in vitro samples of DNA prepared as solutions and as solid unoriented films. The lowest frequency DNA mode identified in the far-infrared spectra of the DNA samples is found to shift in frequency when the solvent influence in the hydration shell is altered. The lowest frequency mode also has characteristics that are similar to beta-relaxations identified in other glass forming polymers.
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Abstract
Room temperature mid-infrared experiments between 600 and 1600 cm(-1) have been performed on crystalline deoxycytidine as a function of pressure up to about 10 GPa. The wavenumbers of most vibrational modes shift to higher values with increasing pressures except for a mode near 840 cm(-1). Assignments for the observed modes are made on the basis of work published in the literature. Several anomalies are noted near 4.7 GPa, suggesting a phase transition. Our results for deoxycytidine are compared to similar measurements on cytidine.
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CKbeta8-1 alters expression of cyclin E in colony forming units-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) lineage from human cord blood CD34+ cells. Exp Mol Med 2006; 37:619-23. [PMID: 16391523 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2005.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A C6 beta-chemokine, CKbeta8-1, suppressed the colony formation of CD34+ cells of human cord blood (CB). Molecular mechanisms involved in CKbeta8-1-medicated suppression of colony formation of CD34+ cells are not known. To address this issue, the level of various G1/S cell cycle regulating proteins in CKbeta8-1-treated CD34+ cells were compared with those in untreated CD34+ cells. CKbeta8-1 did not significantly alter the expression of the G1/S cycle regulation proteins (cyclin D1, D3, and E), CDK inhibitor (p27and Rb), and other cell proliferation regulation protein (p53) in CB CD34+ cells. Here we describe an in vitro system in which CB CD34+ cells were committed to a multipotent progenitor lineage of colony forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) by a simple combination of recombinant human (rh) GM-CSF and rhIL-3. In this culture system, we found that cyclin E protein appeared later and disappeared faster in the CKbeta8-1-treated cells than in the control cells during CFU-GM lineage development. These findings suggested that cyclin E may play a role in suppressing the colony formation of CFU-GM by CKbeta8-1.
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Differential regulation of different human papilloma virus variants by the POU family transcription factor Brn-3a. Oncogene 2005; 25:51-60. [PMID: 16247485 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Brn-3a POU family transcription factor is overexpressed in human cervical carcinoma biopsies and is able to activate expression of the human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) upstream regulatory region (URR), which drives the expression of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins. Inhibition of Brn-3a expression in human cervical cancer cells inhibits HPV gene expression and reduces cellular growth and anchorage independence in vitro as well as the ability to form tumours in vivo. Here, we show that Brn-3a differentially regulates different HPV-16 variants that have previously been shown to be associated with different risks of progression to cervical carcinoma. In human cervical material, Brn-3a levels correlate directly with HPV E6 levels in individuals infected with a high risk variant of HPV-16, whereas this is not the case for a low-risk variant. Moreover, the URRs of high- and intermediate-risk variants are activated by Brn-3a in transfection assays, whereas the URR of a low-risk variant is not. The change of one or two bases in a low-risk variant URR to their equivalent in a higher-risk URR can render the URR responsive to Brn-3a and vice versa. These results help explain why the specific interplay between viral and cellular factors necessary for the progression to cervical carcinoma only occurs in a minority of those infected with HPV-16.
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Abstract
Results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial support findings from observational studies that oestrogen–progestin therapy (EPT) use is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk. We conducted a meta-analysis using EPT-specific results from the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer (CGHFBC) pooled analysis and studies published since that report to obtain an overview of EPT use and breast cancer risk. We also assessed risk by histologic subtype of breast cancer, by schedule of the progestin component of EPT, and by recency of use. We estimate that overall, EPT results in a 7.6% increase in breast cancer risk per year of use. The risk was statistically significantly lower in US studies than in European studies – 5.2 vs 7.9%. There was a significantly higher risk for continuous-combined than for sequential EPT use in Scandinavian studies where much higher total doses of progestin were used in continuous-combined than in sequential EPT. We observed no overall difference in risk for lobular vs ductal carcinoma but did observe a slightly higher risk for current vs past EPT use.
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Brn-3b transcription factor in breast tumourigenesis: regulation of genes associated with growth and migration of cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233611 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Differential Scanning Calorimetric Study of the Binding of the Water of Hydration to Deoxyadenosine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2004; 22:375-80. [PMID: 15473711 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2004.10507009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the water of hydration in powder samples of deoxyadenosine (dA), a naturally occurring nucleoside. Though water of crystallization is present in samples which have not undergone heat treatment previously, dA was found to rehydrate at room temperature only at relative humidities (RHs) of 88% and higher. Rehydrated samples exhibited a single endothermic peak. At 95% RH, its activation energy was 1.61 +/- 0.06 eV and had an enthalpy change of 190 +/- 30 J/g. Experiments between 88 and 95% RH revealed that the energies are independent of RH, to within experimental error. This range of humidity corresponds to secondary hydration in DNA.
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Effect of redox potential on stationary-phase xylitol fermentations using Candida tropicalis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 63:96-100. [PMID: 12750853 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2002] [Revised: 03/10/2003] [Accepted: 03/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Redox potential was used to develop a stationary-phase fermentation of Candida tropicalis that resulted in non-growth conditions with a limited decline in cell viability, a xylitol yield of 0.87 g g(-1) (95% of the theoretical value), and a high maximum specific production rate (0.67 g g(-1) h(-1)). A redox potential of -100 mV was found to be optimum for xylitol production over the range 0-150 mV [correction]. A shift from ethanol to xylitol production occurred when the redox potential was reduced from 50 mV to 100 mV as cumulative ethanol (Y(ethanol)) decreased from 0.34 g g(-1) to 0.025 g g(-1) and Y(xylitol) increased from 0.15 g g(-1) to 0.87 g g(-1) (alpha=0.05). Reducing the redox potential to 150 mV did not improve the fermentation. Instead, the xylitol yield and productivity decreased to 0.63 g g(-1) and 0.58 g g(-1) h(-1) respectively and cell viability declined. The viable, stationary-phase fermentation could be used to develop a continuous fermentation process, significantly increasing volumetric productivity and reducing downstream separation costs, potentially by the use of a membrane cell-recycle reactor.
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy between 620 and 1700 cm(-1) has been performed on wet-spun films of Li-hyaluronate as a function of relative humidity between 54 and 93% at room temperature. The observed vibrational modes show no significant dependence on water content, suggesting that the molecule does not undergo any conformational transitions in this humidity range.
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Abstract
Raman and mid-infrared (MIR) spectra have been recorded for crystalline cytidine at pressures up to 10 GPa at room temperature. Broadening and positive wavenumber shifts are observed for most of the Raman and MIR peaks with increasing pressure. However, some of the MIR peaks associated with hydrogen-stretching modes display a negative wavenumber shift as a result of charge transfer effects. Evidence of a phase transition near 4 GPa is presented and attributed to a change in the conformation of the five membered sugar ring.
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Differential scanning calorimetric study of the binding of the primary water of hydration to nucleosides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2002; 19:709-14. [PMID: 11843632 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2002.10506777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the water of hydration of all of the nucleosides at 59% relative humidity. Hydration was observed in pristine samples of guanosine, (rG), deoxyguanosine, (dG), and deoxyadenosine, (dA). Two inequivalent water sites were observed in dG and one site in rG. Re-hydration was observed in rG and dG, but not in dA. The activation energies for rG were 0.697 +/- 0.051 eV and 0.683 plus minus 0.090 eV for pristine and cycled samples respectively. dG had activation energies of 0.726 +/- 0.026 eV and 0.997 +/- 0.034 eV for the first and second peaks in the pristine samples while the activation energy for cycled dG was 0.671 +/- 0.133 eV.
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Experimental studies on the nature of bonding of DNA*bipyridyl-(ethylenediamine)platinum(II) and DNA*netropsin complexes in solution and oriented wet-spun films. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2002; 19:681-90. [PMID: 11843629 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2002.10506774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The stability of complexes of NaDNA with bipyridyl- (ethylenediamine)platinum(II) (abbreviated [(bipy)Pt(en)](2+)) and with netropsin has been studied using two techniques: (i) ultraviolet (UV) melting experiments were done on NaDNA* [(bipy)Pt(en)](2+), showing that the [(bipy)Pt(en)](2+) ligand stabilizes the DNA double helix structure; and (ii) swelling measurements (via optical microscopy) as a function of relative humidity were done on wet-spun oriented films of NaDNA*[(bipy)Pt(en)](2+) and of NaDNA*netropsin. The swelling data shows that an irreversible transition of the films occurs at high relative humidity, first for the NaDNA*netropsin, then for pure NaDNA, and lastly for the NaDNA*[(bipy)Pt(en)](2+). These results are indicative that the [(bipy)Pt(en)](2+) complex stabilizes the intermolecular bonds which mediate the film swelling characteristics. A model is suggested for the binding of [(bipy)Pt(en)](2+) to DNA to explain why the swelling experiments show this ligand as increasing the intermolecular bond strength between the DNA double helices, while netropsin decreases this degree of stabilization.
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