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In vivo evidence for GDP-fucose transport in the absence of transporter SLC35C1 and putative transporter SLC35C2. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105406. [PMID: 38270391 PMCID: PMC10709068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Slc35c1 encodes an antiporter that transports GDP-fucose into the Golgi and returns GMP to the cytoplasm. The closely related gene Slc35c2 encodes a putative GDP-fucose transporter and promotes Notch fucosylation and Notch signaling in cultured cells. Here, we show that HEK293T cells lacking SLC35C1 transferred reduced amounts of O-fucose to secreted epidermal growth factor-like repeats from NOTCH1 or secreted thrombospondin type I repeats from thrombospondin 1. However, cells lacking SLC35C2 did not exhibit reduced fucosylation of these epidermal growth factor-like repeats or thrombospondin type I repeats. To investigate SLC35C2 functions in vivo, WW6 embryonic stem cells were targeted for Slc35c2. Slc35c2[-/-] mice were viable and fertile and exhibited no evidence of defective Notch signaling during skeletal or T cell development. By contrast, mice with inactivated Slc35c1 exhibited perinatal lethality and marked skeletal defects in late embryogenesis, typical of defective Notch signaling. Compound Slc35c1[-/-]Slc35c2[-/-] mutants were indistinguishable in skeletal phenotype from Slc35c1[-/-] embryos and neonates. Double mutants did not exhibit the exacerbated skeletal defects predicted if SLC35C2 was functionally important for Notch signaling in vivo. In addition, NOTCH1 immunoprecipitated from Slc35c1[-/-]Slc35c2[-/-] neonatal lung carried fucose detected by binding of Aleuria aurantia lectin. Given that the absence of both SLC35C1, a known GDP-fucose transporter, and SLC35C2, a putative GDP-fucose transporter, did not lead to afucosylated NOTCH1 nor to the severe Notch signaling defects and embryonic lethality expected if all GDP-fucose transport were abrogated, at least one more mechanism of GDP-fucose transport into the secretory pathway must exist in mammals.
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Role of protocol-guided perioperative care to enhance recovery after head and neck neoplasm surgery: An institutional experience. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2023; 70:491-500. [PMID: 37678465 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) improve recovery after surgery. This study aimed to determine whether ERAS leads to a decrease in stay in the hospital and improves global and functional recovery after head and neck neoplasms surgery. METHODS We performed a prospective case and historical control study after the ERAS application. The hospital database selected 50 confirmed eligible patients in control non-ERAS group. Prospectively 54 patients were included in the ERAS group. The primary outcome was time to readiness for discharge (TRD); secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS), readmission rate of up to 30 days and Quality of recovery score QoR-15. Data were compared with appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS Baseline demographic data of patients were comparable between the two groups. Patients in ERAS group had significantly shorter TRD compared to the non-ERAS group 8 (6-10) vs 11 (8-16); p-value = 0.002. LOS was also significantly shorter in the ERAS group compared to the non-ERAS group [8 (7-11) vs 12 (9-17); p-value = 0.002]. Readmission at 30-days was no different, with six patients in each group. QoR-15 score was statistically better in ERAS group (94.88 ± 12.50) compared to non-ERAS group (85.44 ± 12.68) [p value < 0.001]. CONCLUSION Implementing the ERAS programme decreased TRD and LOS and improved patient-reported recovery outcome QoR-15 in head and neck neoplasms surgery.
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EOGT enables residual Notch signaling in mouse intestinal cells lacking POFUT1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17473. [PMID: 37838775 PMCID: PMC10576774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling determines cell fates in mouse intestine. Notch receptors contain multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats modified by O-glycans that regulate Notch signaling. Conditional deletion of protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) substantially reduces Notch signaling and markedly perturbs lineage development in mouse intestine. However, mice with inactivated Pofut1 are viable, whereas complete elimination of Notch signaling in intestine is lethal. Here we investigate whether residual Notch signaling enabled by EGF-domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (Eogt) permits mice conditionally lacking Pofut1 in intestine to survive. Mice globally lacking Eogt alone were grossly unaffected in intestinal development. In contrast, mice lacking both Eogt and Pofut1 died at ~ 28 days after birth with greater loss of body weight, a greater increase in the number of goblet and Paneth cells, and greater downregulation of the Notch target gene Hes1, compared to Pofut1 deletion alone. These data reveal that both O-fucose and O-GlcNAc glycans are fundamental to Notch signaling in the intestine and provide new insights into roles for O-glycans in regulating Notch ligand binding. Finally, EOGT and O-GlcNAc glycans provide residual Notch signaling and support viability in mice lacking Pofut1 in the intestine.
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Disrupted placental vitamin D metabolism and calcium signaling in gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia patients. Endocrine 2023; 80:191-200. [PMID: 36477942 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes (GDM) and pre-eclampsia (PE) represents the unrecognized risk factors for reduced bone content in neonates. The present study is planned to explore the components of vitamin D metabolism and calcium transport in placenta of GDM and PE cases and its effect on the neonatal bone mass determination using bone densitometry system. METHODS We have collected serum and placenta tissues from GDM (n = 20), PE (n = 20), and healthy pregnancies (n = 20). In the present study, we found mRNA expression of oxidative stress markers, vitamin D metabolic components and calcium channels, calcium channel binding proteins, plasma membrane calcium ATPase, ATP synthase and Ca2+ release genes; Ryanodine receptors genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in placental tissue of GDM, PE, and healthy pregnancies. RESULTS We observed high level of oxidative stress in both GDM and PE placenta compared to normal pregnancies. CYP2R1 and VDR mRNA expression was significantly downregulated and upregulation of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in GDM and PE compared with healthy cases. Similarly, calcium transporters were downregulated in GDM and PE placental tissues. In addition, CYP24A1, VDR, CaBP28K, TRPV5 and PMCA3 mRNA expression were correlated with BMC of neonates. DISCUSSION Oxidative stress is probably relevant to disrupted vitamin D homeostasis and calcium transport in the placenta of GDM and PE cases. The altered regulatory mechanism of CYP24A1 and VDR could indicates more pronounced serum 25(OH)D reduction. Additionally, reduced BMC in the neonates of these cases might be as consequences of modified CYP24A1, VDR, CaBP28K, TRPV5 and PMCA3 mRNA expression.
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Time-restricted feeding promotes muscle function through purine cycle and AMPK signaling in Drosophila obesity models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:949. [PMID: 36810287 PMCID: PMC9944249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity caused by genetic and environmental factors can lead to compromised skeletal muscle function. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has been shown to prevent muscle function decline from obesogenic challenges; however, its mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that TRF upregulates genes involved in glycine production (Sardh and CG5955) and utilization (Gnmt), while Dgat2, involved in triglyceride synthesis is downregulated in Drosophila models of diet- and genetic-induced obesity. Muscle-specific knockdown of Gnmt, Sardh, and CG5955 lead to muscle dysfunction, ectopic lipid accumulation, and loss of TRF-mediated benefits, while knockdown of Dgat2 retains muscle function during aging and reduces ectopic lipid accumulation. Further analyses demonstrate that TRF upregulates the purine cycle in a diet-induced obesity model and AMPK signaling-associated pathways in a genetic-induced obesity model. Overall, our data suggest that TRF improves muscle function through modulations of common and distinct pathways under different obesogenic challenges and provides potential targets for obesity treatments.
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Circadian-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic disorders and aging with time-restricted feeding. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31 Suppl 1:40-49. [PMID: 36623845 PMCID: PMC10089654 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are present throughout biology, from the molecular level to complex behaviors such as eating and sleeping. They are driven by molecular clocks within cells, and different tissues can have unique rhythms. Circadian disruption can trigger obesity and other common metabolic disorders such as aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and circadian genes control metabolism. At an organismal level, feeding and fasting rhythms are key drivers of circadian rhythms. This underscores the bidirectional relationship between metabolism and circadian rhythms, and many metabolic disorders have circadian disruption or misalignment. Therefore, studying circadian rhythms may offer new avenues for understanding the etiology and management of obesity. This review describes how circadian rhythm dysregulation is linked with cardiometabolic disorders and how the lifestyle intervention of time-restricted feeding (TRF) regulates them. TRF reinforces feeding-fasting rhythms without reducing caloric intake and ameliorates metabolic disorders such as obesity and associated cardiac dysfunction, along with reducing inflammation. TRF optimizes the expression of genes and pathways related to normal metabolic function, linking metabolism with TRF's benefits and demonstrating the molecular link between metabolic disorders and circadian rhythms. Thus, TRF has tremendous therapeutic potential that could be easily adopted to reduce obesity-linked dysfunction and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Relation Between Components of Oral Health and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: a Narrative Review. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2022. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.04.2022.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Fringe GlcNAc-transferases differentially extend O-fucose on endogenous NOTCH1 in mouse activated T cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102064. [PMID: 35623385 PMCID: PMC9234238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 is a transmembrane receptor that initiates a cell-cell signaling pathway controlling various cell fate specifications in metazoans. The addition of O-fucose by protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats in the NOTCH1 extracellular domain is essential for NOTCH1 function, and modification of O-fucose with GlcNAc by the Fringe family of glycosyltransferases modulates Notch activity. Prior cell-based studies showed that POFUT1 modifies EGF repeats containing the appropriate consensus sequence at high stoichiometry, while Fringe GlcNAc-transferases (LFNG, MFNG, and RFNG) modify O-fucose on only a subset of NOTCH1 EGF repeats. Previous in vivo studies showed that each FNG affects naïve T cell development. To examine Fringe modifications of NOTCH1 at a physiological level, we used mass spectral glycoproteomic methods to analyze O-fucose glycans of endogenous NOTCH1 from activated T cells obtained from mice lacking all Fringe enzymes or expressing only a single FNG. While most O-fucose sites were modified at high stoichiometry, only EGF6, EGF16, EGF26, and EGF27 were extended in WT T cells. Additionally, cell-based assays of NOTCH1 lacking fucose at each of those O-fucose sites revealed small but significant effects of LFNG on Notch-Delta binding in the EGF16 and EGF27 mutants. Finally, in activated T cells expressing only LFNG, MFNG, or RFNG alone, the extension of O-fucose with GlcNAc in the same EGF repeats was diminished, consistent with cooperative interactions when all three Fringes were present. The combined data open the door for the analysis of O-glycans on endogenous NOTCH1 derived from different cell types.
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Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of some new rohitukine analogs as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104829. [PMID: 33773222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rohitukine (RH) was extracted from the stem bark of Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. It was derivatized to different arylsulphanmides by treating with the corresponding aryl sulphonyl chlorides. These derivatives were tested in-vitro on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition. Among these the active compounds K2, K3, K5, and K8 significantly inhibited the PTP1B by 51.3%, 65.6%, 71.9%, and 55.9% respectively at 10 µg/ml, the results were also supported by in-silico docking experiments. The most potent compound K5 was analyzed for antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity in vivo. It showed a marked reduction in blood glucose level (random and fasting) and serum insulin level in db/db mice. It improved glucose intolerance as ascertained by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These NCEs (New Chemical Entities) also lowered cholesterol and triglyceride profiles while improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in db/db mice. The K5 was further evaluated for antiadipogenic activity on MDI (Methylisobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin)-induced adipogenesis. where it significantly inhibited MDI-induced adipogenesis in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes, at 10 µM and 20 µM concentration. These results were compared with the parent compound RH which inhibited 35% and 45% lipid accumulation while the RH analog K5 inhibited the lipid accumulation by 41% and 51% at 10 and 20 µM concentration, respectively. These results well corroborated with in-silico studies.
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A modifier in the 129S2/SvPasCrl genome is responsible for the viability of Notch1[12f/12f] mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 31590629 PMCID: PMC6781419 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Mouse NOTCH1 carries a highly conserved O-fucose glycan at Thr466 in epidermal growth factor-like repeat 12 (EGF12) of the extracellular domain. O-Fucose at this site has been shown by X-ray crystallography to be recognized by both DLL4 and JAG1 Notch ligands. We previously showed that a Notch1 Thr466Ala mutant exhibits very little ligand-induced NOTCH1 signaling in a reporter assay, whereas a Thr466Ser mutation enables the transfer of O-fucose and reverts the NOTCH1 signaling defect. We subsequently generated a mutant mouse with the Thr466Ala mutation termed Notch1[12f](Notch1tm2Pst). Surprisingly, homozygous Notch1[12f/12f] mutants on a mixed background were viable and fertile. Results We now report that after backcrossing to C57BL/6 J mice for 11–15 generations, few homozygous Notch1[12f/12f] embryos were born. Timed mating showed that embryonic lethality occurred by embryonic day (E) ~E11.5, somewhat delayed compared to mice lacking Notch1 or Pofut1 (the O-fucosyltransferase that adds O-fucose to Notch receptors), which die at ~E9.5. The phenotype of C57BL/6 J Notch1[12f/12f] embryos was milder than mutants affected by loss of a canonical Notch pathway member, but disorganized vasculogenesis in the yolk sac, delayed somitogenesis and development were characteristic. In situ hybridization of Notch target genes Uncx4.1 and Dll3 or western blot analysis of NOTCH1 cleavage did not reveal significant differences at E9.5. However, qRT-PCR of head cDNA showed increased expression of Dll3, Uncx4.1 and Notch1 in E9.5 Notch1[12f/12f] embryos. Sequencing of cDNA from Notch1[12f/12f] embryo heads and Southern analysis showed that the Notch1[12f] locus was intact following backcrossing. We therefore looked for evidence of modifying gene(s) by crossing C57BL/6 J Notch1 [12f/+] mice to 129S2/SvPasCrl mice. Intercrosses of the F1 progeny gave viable F2 Notch1[12f/12f] mice. Conclusion We conclude that the 129S2/SvPasCrl genome contains a dominant modifying gene that rescues the functions of NOTCH1[12f] in signaling. Identification of the modifying gene has the potential to illuminate novel factor(s) that promote Notch signaling when an O-fucose glycan is absent from EGF12 of NOTCH1.
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Effect of High-dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Beta Cell Function in Obese Asian-Indian Children and Adolescents: A Randomized, Double Blind, Active Controlled Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23:545-551. [PMID: 31803595 PMCID: PMC6873255 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_159_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin D deficiency has been found to be associated with insulin resistance. In an attempt to explore this association, we planned a study to investigate the effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on beta cell function in obese children and adolescents. METHODS A randomized, double blind, active-controlled study was carried out to investigate the effects of high dose (120,000 IU once a month) vitamin D supplementation in comparison to recommended daily allowance (12,000 IU/month) for 12 months. Beta cell function was assessed by disposition index. Inflammatory cytokines and cardiovascular risk factors were also assessed before and after supplementation. RESULTS A total of 189 obese children and adolescents were recruited. The mean serum 25OHD level of the study population was 8.36 ± 5.45 ng/ml. At baseline, 94.7% subjects were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL). After 12 months of supplementation, serum 25OHD level in intervention group was 26.89 ± 12.23 ng/mL, while in control group, it was 13.14 ± 4.67 ng/mL (P < 0.001). No significant difference in disposition index as well as other parameters of insulin resistance, sensitivity, inflammatory cytokines, and pulse wave velocity was seen after supplementation. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation in doses of 120,000 IU per month for 12 months in obese Asian-Indian children and adolescents did not affect beta cell function as well as cardiovascular risk factors.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Peak bone mass - a key determinant of osteoporotic fractures result from bone accretion starting form intrauterine life to early adulthood. Optimal skeletal growth in-utero and infancy may offer protection against osteoporosis in adult life. We attempted to pool the data from available literature to get a consensus on average bone mass among healthy newborns (age ≤30 days after birth). METHODS Systematic review was conducted (PRISMA guidelines) to generate pooled estimates of bone mass parameters at whole body (WB) and lumbar spine (LS), based on both fixed and random effect models of meta-analyses. Two investigators independently carried out a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. Meta-regression was applied to further explore causes of heterogeneity. RESULTS Out of a total 2703 studies, 2682 was excluded leaving 21 studies for final analysis. Thirteen studies reported bone mass by Hologic® and eight by Lunar®. The pooled WBBMC was 66.2g (95% CI 65.4 to 67.05 by fixed effect model, while the corresponding parameter for LS was 2.3g (95% CI 2.2 to 2.4). The subgroup and meta-regression analyses done for controlling potential confounders did not significantly affect heterogeneity. CONCLUSION We generated the pooled estimate of bone mass (WBBMC) among healthy newborn subjects. There was high degree of heterogeneity among studies.
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Multiple roles for O-glycans in Notch signalling. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3819-3834. [PMID: 30207383 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Notch signalling regulates a plethora of developmental processes and is also essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adults. Therefore, fine-tuning of Notch signalling strength needs to be tightly regulated. Of key importance for the regulation of Notch signalling are O-fucose, O-GlcNAc and O-glucose glycans attached to the extracellular domain of Notch receptors. The EGF repeats of the Notch receptor extracellular domain harbour consensus sites for addition of the different types of O-glycan to Ser or Thr, which takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies from Drosophila to mammals have demonstrated the multifaceted roles of O-glycosylation in regulating Notch signalling. O-glycosylation modulates different aspects of Notch signalling including recognition by Notch ligands, the strength of ligand binding, Notch receptor trafficking, stability and activation at the cell surface. Defects in O-glycosylation of Notch receptors give rise to pathologies in humans. This Review summarizes the nature of the O-glycans on Notch receptors and their differential effects on Notch signalling.
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Abstract
Proper arteriovenous morphogenesis is crucial for maintaining normal tissue perfusion. However, our understanding of how arterial morphogenesis is regulated in the CNS is incomplete. In this study, we asked whether vascular basement membrane (BM) laminins, specifically the γ3-containing isoforms, regulate retinal arterial morphogenesis. We provide evidence that Laminin-γ3 is deposited at both arterial and venous BMs during arteriogenesis. Vascular BM Laminin-γ3 bound dystroglycan (DG), a laminin receptor preferentially expressed by arterial endothelial cells (ECs) during arteriogenesis. Blockade of laminin-DG binding in vitro led to decreased Delta-like ligand (DLL)-4 expression in ECs. Moreover, genetic deletion of the Laminin-γ3- and EC-specific deletion of DG led to similar defects in retinal arteriogenesis, including reduced Dll4 expression, hyperbranching and reduced smooth muscle coverage. These results implicate a newly identified Laminin-γ3-DG signaling cascade that regulates arterial Dll4/Notch signaling to specify and stabilize retinal arteries.-Biswas, S., Watters, J., Bachay, G., Varshney, S., Hunter, D. D., Hu, H., Brunken, W. J. Laminin-dystroglycan signaling regulates retinal arteriogenesis.
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Uncontrolled angiogenic precursor expansion causes coronary artery anomalies in mice lacking Pofut1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:578. [PMID: 28924218 PMCID: PMC5603578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery anomalies may cause life-threatening cardiac complications; however, developmental mechanisms underpinning coronary artery formation remain ill-defined. Here we identify an angiogenic cell population for coronary artery formation in mice. Regulated by a DLL4/NOTCH1/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling axis, these angiogenic cells generate mature coronary arteries. The NOTCH modulator POFUT1 critically regulates this signaling axis. POFUT1 inactivation disrupts signaling events and results in excessive angiogenic cell proliferation and plexus formation, leading to anomalous coronary arteries, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Simultaneous VEGFR2 inactivation fully rescues these defects. These findings show that dysregulated angiogenic precursors link coronary anomalies to ischemic heart disease.Though coronary arteries are crucial for heart function, the mechanisms guiding their formation are largely unknown. Here, Wang et al. identify a unique, endocardially-derived angiogenic precursor cell population for coronary artery formation in mice and show that a DLL4/NOTCH1/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling axis is key for coronary artery development.
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A screen for novel hepatitis C virus RdRp inhibitor identifies a broad-spectrum antiviral compound. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5816. [PMID: 28725041 PMCID: PMC5517564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global pathogen and infects more than 185 million individuals worldwide. Although recent development of direct acting antivirals (DAA) has shown promise in HCV therapy, there is an urgent need for the development of more affordable treatment options. We initiated this study to identify novel inhibitors of HCV through screening of compounds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) diversity dataset. Using cell-based assays, we identified NSC-320218 as a potent inhibitor against HCV with an EC50 of 2.5 μM and CC50 of 75 μM. The compound inhibited RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity of all six major HCV genotypes indicating a pan-genotypic effect. Limited structure-function analysis suggested that the entire molecule is necessary for the observed antiviral activity. However, the compound failed to inhibit HCV NS5B activity in vitro, suggesting that it may not be directly acting on the NS5B protein but could be interacting with a host protein. Importantly, the antiviral compound also inhibited dengue virus and hepatitis E virus replication in hepatocytes. Thus, our study has identified a broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic agent against multiple viral infections.
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O-GlcNAc on NOTCH1 EGF repeats regulates ligand-induced Notch signaling and vascular development in mammals. eLife 2017; 6:e24419. [PMID: 28395734 PMCID: PMC5388531 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosyltransferase EOGT transfers O-GlcNAc to a consensus site in epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of a limited number of secreted and membrane proteins, including Notch receptors. In EOGT-deficient cells, the binding of DLL1 and DLL4, but not JAG1, canonical Notch ligands was reduced, and ligand-induced Notch signaling was impaired. Mutagenesis of O-GlcNAc sites on NOTCH1 also resulted in decreased binding of DLL4. EOGT functions were investigated in retinal angiogenesis that depends on Notch signaling. Global or endothelial cell-specific deletion of Eogt resulted in defective retinal angiogenesis, with a mild phenotype similar to that caused by reduced Notch signaling in retina. Combined deficiency of different Notch1 mutant alleles exacerbated the abnormalities in Eogt-/- retina, and Notch target gene expression was decreased in Eogt-/-endothelial cells. Thus, O-GlcNAc on EGF repeats of Notch receptors mediates ligand-induced Notch signaling required in endothelial cells for optimal vascular development.
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Comparison of size metrics in patients with known renal angiomyolipomas requiring embolization: a retrospective cohort study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionary conserved signaling pathway that plays an indispensable role during development, and in the maintenance of homeostatic processes, in a wide variety of tissues (Kopan, 2012; Hori et al., 2013). The multifaceted roles of Notch signaling are stringently regulated at different levels. One of the most important aspects of regulation is the binding of different Notch ligands to each Notch receptor (NOTCH1-NOTCH4). Canonical ligands Delta or Serrate (in Drosophila), and Delta-like (DLL1 and DLL4) or Jagged (JAG1 and JAG2) (in mammals), are transmembrane glycoproteins. Ligands expressed on one cell bind to Notch receptors on an adjacent cell to induce Notch signaling. Glycosylation of Notch receptor extracellular domain by O-fucose and O-GlcNAc glycans is well established as critical regulators for Notch signaling strength (Stanley and Okajima, 2010; Haltom and Jafar-Nejad, 2015; Sawaguchi et al., 2017). In order to characterize Notch ligand binding to Notch receptors in isolated cells, we utilize Notch ligand extracellular domains tagged at the C-terminus by a human Fc domain, and determine binding of fluorescent anti-Fc antibody by flow cytometry.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by inappropriately elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level despite elevated serum calcium. Insulin resistant is the basic pathophysiology, behind the higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with PHPT. However, the improvement in insulin resistance (IR) after curative parathyroidectomy (CPTX) has not been established yet, as the study results are conflicting. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective interventional study, ten patients with mild PHPT (Group 1) and another ten patients with moderate to severe PHPT (Group 2) were undergone CPTX. The IR was assessed by homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and fasting serum insulin (FSI), before and 3 months after CPTX. RESULTS There was no significant change of FPG and FSI, before and after CPTX in Group 1 (P = 0.179 and P = 0.104) and Group 2 (P = 0.376 and P = 0.488). Before surgery, HOMA-IR was higher, and QUICKI was significantly lower, in both Group 1 (P = 0.058 and P = 0.009) and Group 2 (P = 0.023 and P = 0.005) as compared to published normal reference mean, with no significant difference between the groups. Three months after surgery HOMA-IR increased further and QUICKI remained unchanged as compared to baseline, in both Group 1 (P = 0.072 and 0.082) and Group 2 (P = 0.54 and 0.56), but statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION IR remained unchanged after CPTX in mild as well as moderate to severe PHPT. Asymptomatic PHPT with abnormal IR should not be used as criteria for parathyroidectomy.
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Extracellular Matrix Components Regulate Cellular Polarity and Tissue Structure in the Developing and Mature Retina. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 10:329-39. [PMID: 26730321 PMCID: PMC4687269 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.170354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetic networks and other intrinsic mechanisms regulate much of retinal development, interactions with the extracellular environment shape these networks and modify their output. The present review has focused on the role of one family of extracellular matrix molecules and their signaling pathways in retinal development. In addition to their effects on the developing retina, laminins play a role in maintaining Müller cell polarity and compartmentalization, thereby contributing to retinal homeostasis. This article which is intended for the clinical audience, reviews the fundamentals of retinal development, extracellular matrix organization and the role of laminins in retinal development. The role of laminin in cortical development is also briefly discussed.
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Changes in parathyroid proteome in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:614-20. [PMID: 24766412 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of parathyroid tumours is only partially understood. A direct approach using proteomics could be a promising tool to increase our understanding of parathyroid tumorigenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins to explore the underlying molecular basis of the disease and identify potential target proteins responsible for the genesis of adenoma. METHODS Proteins were extracted from adenomatous and normal parathyroid tissues. Differentially expressed proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D) and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed using spss 10.01 software. RESULTS Comparative analysis of the 2-D profiles of proteins isolated from adenomatous and normal parathyroid tissues showed 15 differentially expressed proteins, of which 11 were overexpressed. The characterized proteins were associated with diverse cellular functions including regulation of cell organization, programmed cell death, transcription and signal transduction. CONCLUSION The differentially expressed proteins in parathyroid adenomas may potentially serve as new targets to investigate the mechanisms of parathyroid adenoma transformation.
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Methylation status of the CpG islands in vitamin D and calcium-sensing receptor gene promoters does not explain the reduced gene expressions in parathyroid adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1631-5. [PMID: 23913941 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The exact mechanism causing decreased expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) genes in parathyroid adenoma is not known, but methylation of promoter regions is often detected during epigenetic downregulation of gene expression. We investigated whether epigenetic silencing is involved in the decreased expression of VDR and CASR. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the downregulation of the VDR and CASR genes at transcriptional and translational levels. Bisulfite-converted DNA samples from parathyroid adenomas with control samples were analyzed for methylation in the promoter region of VDR and CASR genes. RESULTS There was no significant methylation in the promoter regions of VDR and CASR genes in parathyroid adenomatous tissues. CONCLUSIONS Methylation-mediated silencing of VDR and CASR promoter does not appear to be associated with reduced expression, indicating the involvement of other factors in specific suppression of VDR and CASR in parathyroid adenomas.
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Simultaneous expression analysis of vitamin D receptor, calcium-sensing receptor, cyclin D1, and PTH in symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in Asian Indians. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:109-16. [PMID: 23660642 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore underlying molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of symptomatic sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one parathyroid adenomas from patients with symptomatic PHPT and ten normal parathyroid glands either from patients with PHPT (n=3) or from euthyroid patients without PHPT during thyroid surgery (n=7) were analyzed for vitamin D receptor (VDR), calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), cyclin D1 (CD1), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) expressions. The protein expressions were assessed semiquantitatively by immunohistochemistry, based on percentage of positive cells and staining intensity, and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed significant reductions in VDR (both nuclear and cytoplasmic) and CASR expressions and significant increases in CD1 and PTH expressions in adenomatous compared with normal parathyroid tissue. Consistent with immunohistochemistry findings, both VDR and CASR mRNAs were reduced by 0.36- and 0.45-fold change (P<0.001) and CD1 and PTH mRNAs were increased by 9.4- and 17.4-fold change respectively (P<0.001) in adenomatous parathyroid tissue. PTH mRNA correlated with plasma PTH (r=0.864; P<0.001), but not with adenoma weight, while CD1 mRNA correlated with adenoma weight (r=0.715; P<0.001). There were no correlations between VDR and CASR mRNA levels and serum Ca, plasma intact PTH, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. In addition, there was no relationship between the decreases in VDR and CASR mRNA expressions and the increases in PTH and CD1 mRNA expressions. CONCLUSIONS The expression of both VDR and CASR are reduced in symptomatic PHPT in Asian Indians. In addition, CD1 expression was greatly increased and correlated with adenoma weight, implying a potential role for CD1 in adenoma growth and differential clinical expression of PHPT.
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Chief cell and clear cell parathyroid adenoma do not influence clinical and biochemical expression of the sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine 2013; 43:440-3. [PMID: 23055014 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
A 9 years old boy reported with left nasal blockage, occasional left nasal bleeding, protruding left eye ball and widening of the nasal bridge for the last nine months. Clinical examination and radiological evaluation were suggeitive of fibrous dysplasia. Mass was excised by transfacial and transcranial approach. Histopathology of the excised muns proved to be a case of haemorrhagic cystic sino-nasal fibrous dysplasia.
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Ascertaining the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in voluntary blood donors: a study from Central India. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2011; 54:408. [PMID: 21623110 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.81592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes and impact of T helper cytokines in achieving sustained virological response during combination therapy: a study from Central India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 28:358-62. [PMID: 20966569 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.71813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Characterisation of host immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes may have an important prognostic and therapeutic implication. Genotype-3 was more prevalent in the examined cohort and demonstrated a significantly higher response to combination therapy than genotype-1. Sustained virological response (SVR) was 94.74% in genotype-3 and 45.45% in genotype-1. The patients who achieved SVR reported higher levels of circulating T helper 1 cytokines in comparison to subjects with no SVR in both the studied groups. Besides providing local prevalence, our study might also assist in understanding the host immune mechanisms involved to achieve SVR during combination therapy in chronic HCV patients.
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Genetic deletion of laminin isoforms β2 and γ3 induces a reduction in Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 expression and function in the retina. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16106. [PMID: 21283711 PMCID: PMC3025027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial cells such as retinal Müller glial cells are involved in potassium ion and water homeostasis of the neural tissue. In these cells, inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels and aquaporin-4 water channels play an important role in the process of spatial potassium buffering and water drainage. Moreover, Kir4.1 channels are involved in the maintenance of the negative Müller cell membrane potential. The subcellular distribution of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 channels appears to be maintained by interactions with extracellular and intracellular molecules. Laminins in the extracellular matrix, dystroglycan in the membrane, and dystrophins in the cytomatrix form a complex mediating the polarized expression of Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4 in Müller cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aim of the present study was to test the function of the β2 and γ3 containing laminins in murine Müller cells. We used knockout mice with genetic deletion of both β2 and γ3 laminin genes to assay the effects on Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4. We studied protein and mRNA expression by immunohistochemistry, Western Blot, and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively, and membrane currents of isolated cells by patch-clamp experiments. We found a down-regulation of mRNA and protein of Kir4.1 as well as of aquaporin-4 protein in laminin knockout mice. Moreover, Müller cells from laminin β2 and γ3 knockout mice had reduced Kir-mediated inward currents and their membrane potentials were more positive than those in age-matched wild-type mice. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a strong impact of laminin β2 and γ3 subunits on the expression and function of both aquaporin-4 and Kir4.1, two important membrane proteins in Müller cells.
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Do we need to do the calcium profile in the fasting state and without a tourniquet? THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2011; 24:54-55. [PMID: 21608365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis: Using cytomorphological, microbiological, immunological and molecular techniques - A study from Central India. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:158-63. [PMID: 23105903 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study included three groups: (A) age and gender matched control (n=24) with no previous signs of M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) infection, (B) patients (n=28) diagnosed with gastro-intestinal TB (GITB), (C) patients (n=50) with clinical and histo-pathological signs of GITB, but were culture and AFB negative. Real time assay performed using fluorescence resonance energy transfer hybridization probes showed a positivity index of 36 % in group C, i.e. 18 were found reactive from the total 50 cases studied. In addition, immune characterization of these 18 cases showed depleted CD(4) (+) count and increased levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokines. No positive case was found in group A, while in group B, out of total 28 cases studied 27 were found positive. A combinatorial diagnostic approach for rapid detection and characterization of GITB might provide specific therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of the infection in future.
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Correlation of aberrant expression of p53, Rad50, and cyclin-E proteins with microsatellite instability in gallbladder adenocarcinomas. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2009; 8:1202-10. [PMID: 19866438 DOI: 10.4238/vol8-4gmr653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma is an uncommon, but highly malignant tumor, with poor prognostic, and diagnostic manifestations in early stages. The Indian Council of Medical Research reported increased incidence of gallbladder carcinoma in the surviving population of the Bhopal gas tragedy that involved exposure of more than 500,000 people to methyl isocyanate gas. The severity of exposure, and increased multi-systemic morbidity in the survivors stimulated us to examine the molecular changes leading to gallbladder carcinoma. Surgically resected samples (N = 40) of gallbladder carcinoma were studied for the p53, Rad50, and cyclin-E expression by immunohistofluorescence bioimaging. Among the 40 samples, 23, 11, and 10 showed p53, Rad50, and cyclin-E expression, respectively, in moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, demonstrating the prevalence and invasiveness of this disease in the methyl isocyanate-exposed population (P = 0.0009). Nevertheless, co-expression of Rad50, and cyclin-E with p53 was absent in adenomas with dysplasia, demonstrating their independent roles. We conclude that there was altered expression of p53, Rad50, and cyclin-E in the malignant transformation of gallbladder carcinoma in this methyl isocyanate gas-exposed cohort. Hence, these proteins may be useful as markers to identify premalignant lesions that are likely to progress into malignant adenocarcinoma.
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Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance and Related Studies of Coordination Compounds of Organosilicon with Mixed Azines. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500701758421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Leiomyoma of the nose. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:e275-6. [PMID: 17909665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leiomyomas are benign neoplasms that are thought to originate from the vascular smooth muscle. They have a propensity to arise from the gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract (uterus) and subcutaneous tissue. The nasal cavity is an uncommon site for a leiomyoma. We report a 24-year-old woman with a rare nasal leiomyoma. A brief review of the literature and histological variations are described.
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Rosai Dorfman syndrome with extranodal manifestation. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2007; 55:445-7. [PMID: 17879501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rosai Dorfman Syndrome (RDS) is a benign condition and a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. It usually occurs in the first decade of life and manifest as massive enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. The disease has a benign course and involvement of the nasal cavity as an extranodal site is exceptional. A 22-year-old male presented as progressive massive bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy accompanied with nasal obstruction and occasional episodes of epistaxis. A FNAC from cervical lymph node and biopsy from nasal mass was compatible with RDS.
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Corrigendum to “Incidental carcinoma of the gallbladder” [European Journal of Surgical Oncology 28 (2002) 4–10]. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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SYNTHETIC, SPECTRAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ORGANOSILICON (IV) COMPLEXES WITH SCHIFF BASES OF SULFA DRUGS. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500008042104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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COORDINATION BEHAVIOR OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SCHIFF BASES OF AMINO ACIDS TOWARDS SILICON(IV) ION. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500108040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Benign esophageal stricture following aluminium phosphide poisoning. Indian J Gastroenterol 2006; 24:261-2. [PMID: 16424626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium phosphide is often implicated in accidental and suicidal poisoning in India. Ingestion of even half a fresh tablet invariably results in death, whereas exposed tablets are usually considered harmless. We report two cases of short-segment esophageal strictures that occurred following ingestion of exposed tablet of aluminium phosphide. Both cases could be successfully managed by endoscopic dilatation.
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New coordination compounds of tin(IV) with Schiff bases of dialdehyde/diketones and sulpha drugs. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2004. [DOI: 10.1163/1568567042420794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Management of obstetric emergencies in the accident and emergency department: a national survey of UK guidelines. Int J Obstet Anesth 2003; 12:306-7. [PMID: 15321468 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-289x(03)00093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Deficiencies of micronutrients, altered bowel function, and quality of life during late follow-up after pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignancy. Pancreatology 2003; 2:528-34. [PMID: 12435865 DOI: 10.1159/000066095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A previous study in our unit showed an inadequate dietary intake of fat-soluble vitamins and energy after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This study was designed to determine whether deficiencies in dietary intake of micronutrients lead to nutritional deficiencies and to examine the impact of dietary advice on nutrition, bowel function, and quality of life. METHODS Ten patients who had undergone PD for malignant disease more than 6 months previously were studied at baseline and follow-up 8 weeks apart. Dietary intakes of energy, fat, and micronutrients were assessed by analysis of weighed food diaries, and serum vitamins and trace elements were measured at each visit. Quality of life questionnaires (EORTC QLQ30 and PAN 26) were answered, and a clinical assessment of the bowel function was made. Targeted dietary intervention was given, where indicated, and its impact on the study parameters was assessed at the second clinic visit. RESULTS The patients were generally well nourished. Dietary deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins were detected (vitamin A, n = 2; vitamin D, n = 10; vitamin E, n = 2), but these correlated with serum deficiency only for vitamin A. The selenium intake was borderline or insufficient in 6 patients' diet, with serum deficiencies in 4. Despite normal intakes of iron and zinc, half the patients showed serum deficiency. The bowel function was an important factor in quality of life, and symptoms improved in 3 patients with enzyme supplements and antidiarrhoeal medication. CONCLUSIONS PD patients appear to be prone to a predictable set of micronutrient deficiencies that may be compounded by insufficient dietary intake. The bowel function is important to these patients, and it should be optimized with aggressive enzyme replacement. Dietary intervention appears to make little short-term impact in the areas studied.
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Some New Coordination Compounds of Organosilicon(IV) with Schiff Bases of Sulpha Drugs. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500307802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2002; 15:284-6. [PMID: 12502144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Abstract
We describe two cases of traumatic 'degloving' of the colon in blunt abdominal trauma. This is an extremely rare injury with the potential to present late. The mechanism of injury appears to be a combination of focal blunt abdominal trauma associated with a shearing force. The potential diagnostic dilemma posed by colonic 'degloving' is outlined and following review of the literature we conclude that CT scanning is the most reliable way of detecting such injuries, if emergency laparotomy is not indicated.
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Abstract
Incidental gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a difficult management issue as there are no established guidelines. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with increased dissemination of the tumour cells (both in the peritoneal cavity and port sites). Depth of tumour invasion (T stage) and positive surgical margins are the most important prognostic factors, although tumour differentiation, lymphatic, perineural and vascular invasion may also affect the outcome. Simple cholecystectomy is adequate for mucosal (T1a) lesions only. For T1b tumours port site/wound excision with second radical operation (probably extended cholecystectomy -- wedge liver excision with regional lymphadenectomy) should be advised. T2 tumours should be treated with second radical operation (extended cholecystectomy or excision of medial liver segments 4b and 5 or 4, 5 and 8 with regional lymphadenectomy with or without excision of the extra-hepatic bile duct). Few T3 tumours can be cured and in some survival time may be prolonged by a second radical operation. More extensive liver resection (segments 4b and 5 or segments 4, 5 and 8) with regional lymphadenectomy with excision of the extra-hepatic bile duct should be advised. A second radical operation may palliate some T4 tumours. In the absence of extensive nodal disease, this operation may prolong the survival time. Excision of the extra-hepatic bile duct should be undertaken whenever the tumour involves the cystic duct margin or the extra-hepatic biliary tree. Epidemiology, risk factors, aetiopathogenesis and the modes of spread of GBC are discussed in relation to appropriateness of the second radical operation. Indications, types and role of the second radical operation are discussed.
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A comparison of 5-day and 8-day drainage following mastectomy and axillary clearance. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2001; 27:26-30. [PMID: 11237488 DOI: 10.1053/ejso.2000.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mastectomy and axillary clearance are standard operations for the treatment of breast carcinoma. Drainage of the mastectomy site and axilla is often required to allow accumulating blood and inflammatory fluids to escape. However, there is a lack of data relating to how long suction drains should stay in situ after major breast surgery. In our study we have tried to address this deficit by comparing the efficacy of 5-day post-operative drainage with 8-day post-operative drainage. METHODS Patients requiring mastectomy and axillary clearance were randomized to having drains removed on day 5 or day 8 post-operatively. The number of lymphoceles, aspirations and total aspiration volumes in chest and axillary drains were compared. RESULTS From a total of 121 patients enrolled into the study, 64 patients were randomized to the 5-day group and 57 to the 8-day group. There were significant differences regarding the number of aspirations and total aspiration volumes in chest and axillary drains between the two groups, favouring 8-day drainage. However the number of lymphoceles drained in the 5-day group was significantly higher than the 8-day group. CONCLUSIONS Five-day post-operative drainage is as safe as 8-day post-operative drainage in the management of patients undergoing major breast surgery, but results in an increase in lymphocele aspiration and aspiration volume.
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Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Indian J Gastroenterol 2000; 19:181-3. [PMID: 11059186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas (NETP) are rare. We report our surgical experience of 11 patients with NETP. These included 5 patients with benign insulinomas. Raised serum insulin and C-peptide levels with hypoglycemia were always diagnostic. Ultrasonography, CT, visceral angiography, arterial stimulation and venous sampling, and intraoperative ultrasound localized the tumor in 0/5, 1/5, 3/4, 2/2, 3/3 cases, respectively. The 6 other malignant NETP (one gastrinoma, 2 carcinoids, 3 non-functioning) were managed by pancreatic resection (Whipple's operation = 3, distal pancreatectomy with total gastrectomy = 1, total pancreatectomy = 1, distal pancreatectomy with left nephrectomy and proximal gastrectomy = 1). Two patients died postoperatively. We had 5 major and 2 minor postoperative complications, with 2 deaths. During follow up from 1 to 7 years, one patient with malignant carcinoid tumor died at two and half years, of local recurrence. The other 8 patients are disease-free with good quality of life.
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