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Giuliani ME, Bacchiocchi S, Accoroni S, Siracusa M, Campacci D, Notarstefano V, Mezzelani M, Piersanti A, Totti C, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Gorbi S. Subcellular effects and lipid metabolism alterations in the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata fed on ovatoxins-contaminated mussels. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141413. [PMID: 38336037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The marine microalgae Ostreopsis cf. ovata are a well-known producer of palytoxin (PlTXs) analogues, i.e. ovatoxins (OVTXs) among others, which arouse concern for animal and human health. Both in field and laboratory studies, presence of OVTXs, detected in species directly feeding on O. cf. ovata, was frequently correlated with impairment on organisms' physiology, development and behaviour, while similar knowledge is still lacking for animals feeding on contaminated preys. In this study, transfer and toxicity of OVTXs were evaluated in an exposure experiment, in which gilthead seabream Sparus aurata was fed with bivalve mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, contaminated by a toxic strain of O. cf. ovata. Mussels exposed to O. cf. ovata for 21 days accumulated meanly 188 ± 13 μg/kg OVTXs in the whole tissues. Seabreams fed with OVTX-contaminated mussels started to reject the food after 6 days of contaminated diet. Although no detectable levels of OVTXs were measured in muscle, liver, gills and gastro-intestinal tracts, the OVTX-enriched diet induced alterations of lipid metabolism in seabreams livers, displaying a decreased content of total lipid and fatty acid, together with overexpression of fatty acid biosynthetic genes, downregulation of β-oxidation genes and modulation of several genes related to lipid transport and regulation. Results from this study would suggest the hypothesis that OVTXs produced by O. cf. ovata may not be subject to bioaccumulation in fish fed on contaminated preys, being however responsible of significant biological effects, with important implications for human consumption of seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Debora Campacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Piersanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
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Accoroni S, Cangini M, Angeletti R, Losasso C, Bacchiocchi S, Costa A, Taranto AD, Escalera L, Fedrizzi G, Garzia A, Longo F, Macaluso A, Melchiorre N, Milandri A, Milandri S, Montresor M, Neri F, Piersanti A, Rubini S, Suraci C, Susini F, Vadrucci MR, Mudadu AG, Vivaldi B, Soro B, Totti C, Zingone A. Marine phycotoxin levels in shellfish-14 years of data gathered along the Italian coast. Harmful Algae 2024; 131:102560. [PMID: 38212084 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Along the Italian coasts, toxins of algal origin in wild and cultivated shellfish have been reported since the 1970s. In this study, we used data gathered by the Veterinary Public Health Institutes (IZS) and the Italian Environmental Health Protection Agencies (ARPA) from 2006 to 2019 to investigate toxicity events along the Italian coasts and relate them to the distribution of potentially toxic species. Among the detected toxins (OA and analogs, YTXs, PTXs, STXs, DAs, AZAs), OA and YTX were those most frequently reported. Levels exceeding regulatory limits in the case of OA (≤2,448 μg equivalent kg-1) were associated with high abundances of Dinophysis spp., and in the case of YTXs (≤22 mg equivalent kg-1) with blooms of Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, and Protoceratium reticulatum. Seasonal blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occur all along the Italian coast, but DA has only occasionally been detected in shellfish at concentrations always below the regulatory limit (≤18 mg kg-1). Alexandrium spp. were recorded in several areas, although STXs (≤13,782 µg equivalent kg-1) rarely and only in few sites exceeded the regulatory limit in shellfish. Azadinium spp. have been sporadically recorded, and AZAs have been sometimes detected but always in low concentrations (≤7 µg equivalent kg-1). Among the emerging toxins, PLTX-like toxins (≤971 μg kg-1 OVTX-a) have often been detected mainly in wild mussels and sea urchins from rocky shores due to the presence of Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Overall, Italian coastal waters harbour a high number of potentially toxic species, with a few HAB hotspots mainly related to DSP toxins. Nevertheless, rare cases of intoxications have occurred so far, reflecting the whole Mediterranean Sea conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Cangini
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Garzia
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Anna Milandri
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Stefania Milandri
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Neri
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Silva Rubini
- IZS della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Totti
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Akyol Ç, Ozbayram EG, Accoroni S, Radini S, Eusebi AL, Gorbi S, Vignaroli C, Bacchiocchi S, Campacci D, Gigli F, Farina G, Albay M, Fatone F. Monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms and assessing polymer-enhanced microfiltration and ultrafiltration for microcystin removal in an Italian drinking water treatment plant. Environ Pollut 2021; 286:117535. [PMID: 34119863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The water intake of a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in Central Italy was monitored over six bloom seasons for cyanotoxin severity, which supplies drinking water from an oligo-mesotrophic lake with microcystin levels up to 10.3 μg/L. The historical data showed that the water temperature did not show extreme/large seasonal variation and it was not correlated either with cyanobacterial growth or microcystin concentration. Among all parameters, the cyanobacteria growth was negatively correlated with humidity and manganese and positively correlated with atmospheric temperature. No significant correlation was found between microcystin concentration and the climatic parameters. Polymer(chitosan)-enhanced microfiltration (PEMF) and ultrafiltration (PEUF) were further tested as an alternative microcystin removal approach from dense cyanobacteria-rich flows. The dominant cyanobacteria in the water intake, Planktothrix rubescens, was isolated and enriched to simulate cyanobacterial blooms in the lake. The PEMF and PEUF were separately applied to enriched P. rubescens culture (PC) (microcystin = 1.236 μg/L) as well as to the sand filter backwash water (SFBW) of the DWTP where microcystin concentration was higher than 12 μg/L. The overall microcystin removal rates from the final effluent of PC (always <0.15 μg/L) were between 90.1-94.7% and 89.5-95.4% using 4 and 20 mg chitosan/L, respectively. Meanwhile, after the PEMF and PEUF of SFBW, the final effluent contained only 0.099 and 0.057 μg microcystin/L with an overall removal >99%. The presented results are the first from the application of chitosan to remove P. rubescens as well as the implementation of PEMF and PEUF on SFBW to remove cyanobacterial cells and associated toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Akyol
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Gozde Ozbayram
- Department of Marine and Freshwater Resources Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Serena Radini
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Debora Campacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Gigli
- Acquambiente Marche S.r.l., Via Recanatese 27/I, 60022, Castelfidardo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Farina
- Acquambiente Marche S.r.l., Via Recanatese 27/I, 60022, Castelfidardo, Italy
| | - Meric Albay
- Department of Marine and Freshwater Resources Management, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
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Pezzolesi L, Accoroni S, Rindi F, Samorì C, Totti C, Pistocchi R. Survey of the allelopathic potential of Mediterranean macroalgae: production of long-chain polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs). Phytochemistry 2021; 189:112826. [PMID: 34102592 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a specific coastal area. Allelopathy could act as a self-regulatory strategy of the algal community, being not only a succession regulator but also an active mechanism maintaining the species diversity especially in a delimited environment, such as the benthic ecosystem. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are among the most studied allelopathic compounds and are commonly released into the aquatic environment by different phytoplankton species in response to environmental stressors (e.g. wounding, grazing, or competition for nutrients). Diatom-released PUAs were observed to affect phytoplankton community dynamics and structure, and showed inhibitory effects on the reproduction and development of marine invertebrates. As for macroalgae, there are only a few reports that attest to the production of PUAs, and mostly refer to Ulva spp. In this study, the production of PUAs by several Mediterranean macroalgae was investigated at different sampling times, aiming at providing the first evidence of potential allelochemical activity. Results highlighted the potential production by macroalgae of a variety of aldehydes, among which some have never reported so far. Some species (i.e. D. polypodioides and U. cf. rigida) were found to produce higher PUAs amounts than others, and even a wider variety of structures (e.g. length of the carbon chain); these species might exert strong effects on epiphytic species or other organisms of the benthic community, especially considering the differential sensitivities of the various taxa. A high dPUA concentration (order of μM) potentially due to the release of PUAs by algal species was found, and might affect the population dynamics of the epiphytic organisms (e.g. microalgae, meiofauna), of grazers, as well as of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Rindi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Samorì
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
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Accoroni S, Giulietti S, Romagnoli T, Siracusa M, Bacchiocchi S, Totti C. Morphological Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens Clade I (Bacillariophyceae) in the Northwestern Adriatic Sea. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9111420. [PMID: 33114135 PMCID: PMC7716229 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia pungens is a common component of the phytoplankton community of the northern Adriatic Sea. In this study, an in-depth morphological analysis of P. pungens was carried out in both cultured strains isolated in different periods and field samples, revealing a surprisingly wide variability in a number of details, with both the gross morphology and ultrastructural levels deviating from the nominal P. pungens. Colonies showed an overlap (from one-third to one-sixth) and a transapical axis (rarely reaching 3 µm), strongly differing from the original description of the species. Moreover, valves may be either symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, with striae almost always biseriate but sometimes uniseriate or triseriate. Poroids' morphology in cingular bands was characterized by a wide variability (square, circular, or rectangular poroids without or with up to two hymen sectors), with several combination of them, even within the same cingular band. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS rDNA showed that the P. pungens of the northern Adriatic Sea belonged to clade I. Domoic acid was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-2204919
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
| | - Melania Siracusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora, 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.G.); (T.R.); (C.T.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Romagnoli T, Giulietti S, Glibert PM. Distribution and potential toxicity of benthic harmful dinoflagellates in waters of Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. Mar Environ Res 2020; 155:104891. [PMID: 32072980 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out on benthic dinoflagellates along the Florida Keys, and little is known about their distribution or toxicity in Florida Bay. Here, the distribution and abundance of benthic dinoflagellates was explored in northern and eastern Florida Bay and along the bay and ocean sides of the Florida Keys. Isolates were brought into culture and their toxicity was tested with oyster larvae bioassays. Seven genera were detected, including Prorocentrum, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa (all included potentially toxic species) and Sinophysis. In general, distribution increased with water temperature and nutrient availability, especially that of phosphate. This study documented the first record of Coolia santacroce in the Florida Keys. Potential toxic effects of Gambierdiscus caribaeus, the abundance of which exceeded 1000 cells g-1 fw at some sites, were established using oyster larvae as a bioassay organism. These findings suggest a potential risk of ciguatera fish poisoning in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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Accoroni S, Ceci M, Tartaglione L, Romagnoli T, Campanelli A, Marini M, Giulietti S, Dell'Aversano C, Totti C. Role of temperature and nutrients on the growth and toxin production of Prorocentrum hoffmannianum (Dinophyceae) from the Florida Keys. Harmful Algae 2018; 80:140-148. [PMID: 30502806 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A. Faust is typical of tropical warm waters and produces biotoxins responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In this study, the effect of temperature and nutrient limitation on growth and toxin production of P. hoffmannianum isolated from field samples collected in the Florida Keys was investigated. Batch culture experiments were ran at two temperatures (i.e. 21 ± 0.1 and 27 ± 0.1 °C) and under nitrogen-limited (14.7 μmol L-1 N-NO3- and 18.1 μmol L-1 P-PO43-) and phosphorus-limited (441 μmol L-1 N-NO3- and 0.6 μmol L-1 P-PO43-) levels with respect to control nutrient conditions (441 μmol L-1 N-NO3-and 18.1 μmol L-1 P-PO43-). Both temperature and nutrient conditions significantly affected growth rates and maximum yield of P. hoffmannianum with the maximum values being recorded at the higher temperature and in the replete medium. Production of okadaic acid was induced under all conditions (from 13.5 to 859.8 pg cell-1), with values up to one order of magnitude higher than those observed in other DSP toxin producing species. Toxin production was enhanced under P limitation at 27 °C, corroborating the theory that toxin production is modulated by cell physiological conditions, which are in turn affected by a wide spectrum of factors, including environmental stressors such as nutrient availability. Toxin fraction released in the growth medium was negligible. No okadaic acid esters were detected in this strain of P. hoffmannianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Martina Ceci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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Morabito G, Mazzocchi MG, Salmaso N, Zingone A, Bergami C, Flaim G, Accoroni S, Basset A, Bastianini M, Belmonte G, Bernardi Aubry F, Bertani I, Bresciani M, Buzzi F, Cabrini M, Camatti E, Caroppo C, Cataletto B, Castellano M, Del Negro P, de Olazabal A, Di Capua I, Elia AC, Fornasaro D, Giallain M, Grilli F, Leoni B, Lipizer M, Longobardi L, Ludovisi A, Lugliè A, Manca M, Margiotta F, Mariani MA, Marini M, Marzocchi M, Obertegger U, Oggioni A, Padedda BM, Pansera M, Piscia R, Povero P, Pulina S, Romagnoli T, Rosati I, Rossetti G, Rubino F, Sarno D, Satta CT, Sechi N, Stanca E, Tirelli V, Totti C, Pugnetti A. Plankton dynamics across the freshwater, transitional and marine research sites of the LTER-Italy Network. Patterns, fluctuations, drivers. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:373-387. [PMID: 29426160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A first synoptic and trans-domain overview of plankton dynamics was conducted across the aquatic sites belonging to the Italian Long-Term Ecological Research Network (LTER-Italy). Based on published studies, checked and complemented with unpublished information, we investigated phytoplankton and zooplankton annual dynamics and long-term changes across domains: from the large subalpine lakes to mountain lakes and artificial lakes, from lagoons to marine coastal ecosystems. This study permitted identifying common and unique environmental drivers and ecological functional processes controlling seasonal and long-term temporal course. The most relevant patterns of plankton seasonal succession were revealed, showing that the driving factors were nutrient availability, stratification regime, and freshwater inflow. Phytoplankton and mesozooplankton displayed a wide interannual variability at most sites. Unidirectional or linear long-term trends were rarely detected but all sites were impacted across the years by at least one, but in many case several major stressor(s): nutrient inputs, meteo-climatic variability at the local and regional scale, and direct human activities at specific sites. Different climatic and anthropic forcings frequently co-occurred, whereby the responses of plankton communities were the result of this environmental complexity. Overall, the LTER investigations are providing an unparalleled framework of knowledge to evaluate changes in the aquatic pelagic systems and management options.
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Accoroni S, Tartaglione L, Dello Iacovo E, Pichierri S, Marini M, Campanelli A, Dell'Aversano C, Totti C. Influence of environmental factors on the toxin production of Ostreopsis cf. ovata during bloom events. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 123:261-268. [PMID: 28863976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis have been a recurrent phenomenon along several Mediterranean coasts. Blooms have been associated with noxious effects on human health and mortality of marine organisms, due to the production of palytoxin-like compounds. We analyzed the toxin concentrations throughout an O. cf. ovata bloom to highlight their relationships with environmental parameters in the Conero Riviera, northern Adriatic Sea. High temperature and balanced nutrient conditions were the optimal environmental conditions to start and sustain blooms as well as to maximize toxin production. Ostreopsis showed a gradual decrease of toxin content throughout the bloom ascribed to the occurring of the same non-optimal conditions that led to the bloom decline. Moreover, our results suggest that toxin fraction released during bloom could be higher than that released in batch culture. Results from this study pointed out that the first bloom phase is potentially the most dangerous to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Emma Dello Iacovo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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10
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Pichierri S, Accoroni S, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Romagnoli T, Pistocchi R, Totti C. Allelopathic effects of diatom filtrates on the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Mar Environ Res 2017; 131:116-122. [PMID: 28965670 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ostreopsis blooms regularly occur in many Mediterranean coastal areas in late summer-autumn. In the northern Adriatic Sea, Ostreopsis blooms affect diatom-dominated microphytobenthic communities. In this study, the effects of the filtrates of some diatom species, both benthic (Tabularia affinis, Proschkinia complanatoides and Navicula sp.) and planktonic (Thalassiosira sp. and Skeletonema marinoi) on cell morphology, cytological features and growth of O. cf. ovata were investigated. Our results showed a marked decrease of O. cf. ovata growth when cells were exposed to all diatom filtrates tested. The highest inhibitions were observed for exposures to P. complanatoides and Navicula sp. filtrates (92.5% and 80%, respectively) and increased with the age of diatom culture. Moreover, a clear DNA degradation and abnormal forms of O. cf. ovata cells (83.8% of the total) were found at the highest concentrations using Navicula sp. filtrate after 10 days of the inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzolesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali - Università di Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente - Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Razza E, Congestri R, Campanelli A, Marini M, Ellwood NTW. Phosphatase activities of a microepiphytic community during a bloom of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the northern Adriatic Sea. Water Res 2017; 120:272-279. [PMID: 28505508 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is becoming more apparent that increased organic nutrient loads deriving from anthropogenic activities and natural processes frequently cause the eutrophication of coastal waters. Concurrently, an increasing number of phototrophs have been shown to make use of organic nutrients, mainly through indirect studies of surface enzyme activities or through direct studies of growth in media containing organic-only nutrients. The potential utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) by microepiphytic-mats associated with frequently problematic, toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata, was investigated throughout a full cycle of a bloom that occurs annually (over the last few decades) during summer along several stretches of the Mediterranean coast. Measurements of phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) and phosphodiesterase (PDEase) activities of the epiphytic mats (including cells and exopolymeric substances) and a range of chemico-physical parameters were made from late summer to early autumn at a eutrophic site. Analyses of ambient nutrient fractions revealed very high aquatic N:P values (TN:TP = 178 ± 50), very low filterable reactive P (FRP) concentrations (13 out 19 under the limits of detection) and DOP concentrations that were on average 85% of the total dissolved P. We recorded a rapid increase in PMEase and PDEase activities in the epiphytic microalgal community that coincided with the onset of a proliferation of the Ostreopsis population. Chromogenic staining of samples showed that activity was closely associated with the Ostreopsis cells, located both extracellularly (cell surface and within the EPS) and intracellularly (ventral cytoplasm). The increase in both phosphatases indicates that Ostreopsis can utilise a wide range of DOP types. The intense activity in the EPS was suggested to aid in the efficient entrapment and processing of high concentration nutrient pulses, for extracellular processing of larger organic materials and to prevent loss of substrates and products to the surrounding water. Based on the present findings, Ostreopsis seems to have adaptations that allow it to thrive in P-limited environments where organic P is the main source of P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Razza
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Congestri
- Department of Biology University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy
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Accoroni S, Romagnoli T, Penna A, Capellacci S, Ciminiello P, Dell'Aversano C, Tartaglione L, Abboud-Abi Saab M, Giussani V, Asnaghi V, Chiantore M, Totti C. Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new benthic toxic Ostreopsis species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. J Phycol 2016; 52:1064-1084. [PMID: 27633521 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The new benthic toxic dinoflagellate, Ostreopsis fattorussoi sp. nov., is described from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon and Cyprus coasts, and is supported by morphological and molecular data. The plate formula, Po, 3', 7″, 6c, 7s, 5‴, 2'''', is typical for the Ostreopsis genus. It differs from all other Ostreopsis species in that (i) the curved suture between plates 1' and 3' makes them approximately hexagonal, (ii) the 1' plate lies in the left half of the epitheca and is obliquely orientated leading to a characteristic shape of plate 6″. The round thecal pores are bigger than the other two Mediterranean species (O. cf. ovata and O. cf. siamensis). O. fattorussoi is among the smallest species of the genus (DV: 60.07 ± 5.63 μm, AP: 25.66 ± 2.97 μm, W: 39.81 ± 5.05 μm) along with O. ovata. Phylogenetic analyses based on the LSU and internal transcribed spacer rDNA shows that O. fattorussoi belongs to the Atlantic/Mediterranean Ostreopsis spp. clade separated from the other Ostreopsis species. Ostreopsis fattorussoi produces OVTX-a and structural isomers OVTX-d and -e, O. cf. ovata is the only other species of this genus known to produce these toxins. The Lebanese O. fattorussoi did not produce the new palytoxin-like compounds (ovatoxin-i, ovatoxin-j1 , ovatoxin-j2 , and ovatoxin-k) that were previously found in O. fattorussoi from Cyprus. The toxin content was in the range of 0.28-0.94 pg · cell-1 . On the Lebanon coast, O. fattorussoi was recorded throughout the year 2015 (temperature range 18°C-31.5°C), with peaks in June and August.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61100, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Samuela Capellacci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università di Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61100, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciminiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marie Abboud-Abi Saab
- National Council for Scientific Research/National Center for Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Valentina Giussani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Chiantore
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Via Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
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Accoroni S, Romagnoli T, Pichierri S, Totti C. Effects of the bloom of harmful benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata on the microphytobenthos community in the northern Adriatic Sea. Harmful Algae 2016; 55:179-190. [PMID: 28073531 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Composition and temporal variation of the microphytobenthos communities of the Conero Riviera (northern Adriatic Sea) were investigated in the course of an annual cycle, focusing on their relationships with blooms of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Sampling was carried out from March 2009 to March 2010 on undisturbed benthic substrata (macroalgae and pebbles). Samples for the study of microphytobenthos were collected with a monthly frequency, while those for the study of Ostreopsis bloom weekly. Benthic diatoms dominated the microphytobenthos communities for most of the annual cycle (except the summer), both in terms of abundance and biomass. In summer, cyanobacteria were dominant (54.04±9.18 and 24.29±11.11% of total abundance and biomass, respectively), while benthic dinoflagellates were an important component of the community in terms of biomass only at the peak of the Ostreopsis bloom in late summer (up to 91% of the total biomass). Among diatoms, the most abundant forms throughout the year were motile species (77.5±3.71% of the population), while erect diatoms formed the majority of the biomass in winter and spring (48.66±16.66 and 48.05±5.56% of total population, respectively). Diatoms were mainly affected by DIN availability, while the patterns of biomass of O. cf. ovata and cyanobacteria were related to salinity and temperature. The biomass of Ostreopsis was also affected by the availability of phosphorus. The results of this study suggest that the proliferation of Ostreopsis affected the structure of the benthic diatom community: motile diatoms were significantly more abundant during the Ostreopsis bloom peak than during the rest of summer, probably because they benefited from the abundant mucilaginous mat covering the benthic substrata. In the course of the O. cf. ovata bloom the diversity of the microphytobenthos was significantly lower than during the rest of the year, suggesting an influence of both the shading produced by the mucous mat and allelopathic compounds possibly produced by O. cf. ovata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy.
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Salvatore Pichierri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131 Italy
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Gorbi S, Avio GC, Benedetti M, Totti C, Accoroni S, Pichierri S, Bacchiocchi S, Orletti R, Graziosi T, Regoli F. Effects of harmful dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata exposure on immunological, histological and oxidative responses of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:941-950. [PMID: 23859877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade massive blooms of the Ostreopsis cf. ovata have occurred in the Mediterranean basin, posing great concern to both environmental and human health. Biotoxicological and chemical studies demonstrated that O. cf. ovata produces palytoxin and ovatoxins; besides direct respiratory effects on humans due to inhalation of marine toxic aerosols, O. cf. ovata blooms can cause adverse effects on benthic invertebrates. The main aim of this study was to highlight the role of immunological, cellular and oxidative mechanisms in modulating the toxicity induced by O. cf. ovata in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Organisms were exposed in laboratory condition to O. cf. ovata and analysed after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Obtained results demonstrated a clear involvement of the immune system with a significant decrement of granulocytes respect to the hyalinocytes type cells, a diminished phagocytosis activity and a reduced lysosomal membrane stability in haemocytes, after both 7 and 14 days of exposure. Histological analyses showed a decrease of the digestive gland wall thickness, dilatation of the tubules, haemocytes infiltration into the digestive gland and a decrement of neutral lipid levels in exposed mussels; similar results suggest a possible inhibition of the feeding activity, with a consequent induction of authophagic phenomena and utilization of stored reserve products such as neutral lipids. Antioxidant parameters revealed a limited role of O. cf. ovata to induce oxidative stress in mussels exposed under laboratory conditions excepting for a certain increase of catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidases activities, and a significantly higher capability to neutralize peroxyl radicals in mussels exposed for 14 days. Although the obtained results suggest a non-specific response of mussels to the O. cf. ovata exposure, observed effects on the general health status of exposed mussels should be adequately considered when assessing the ecological relevance of these algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Gorbi S, Bocchetti R, Binelli A, Bacchiocchi S, Orletti R, Nanetti L, Raffaelli F, Vignini A, Accoroni S, Totti C, Regoli F. Biological effects of palytoxin-like compounds from Ostreopsis cf. ovata: a multibiomarkers approach with mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Chemosphere 2012; 89:623-632. [PMID: 22704213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Massive blooms of the harmful benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata are of growing environmental concern in the Mediterranean, having recently caused adverse effects on benthic invertebrates and also some intoxication episodes to humans. The toxicological potential of produced palytoxin-like compounds was investigated in the present study on a typical marine sentinel species, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Organisms were sampled during various phases of a O. cf. ovata bloom, in two differently impacted sites. The presence of the algal toxins was indirectly assessed in mussels tissues (mouse test and hemolysis neutralization assay), while biological and toxicological effects were evaluated through the measurement of osmoregulatory and neurotoxic alterations (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities), oxidative stress responses (antioxidant defences and total oxyradical scavenging capacity), lipid peroxidation processes (level of malondialdehyde), peroxisomal proliferation, organelle dysfunctions (lysosomal membrane stability, accumulation of lipofuscin and neutral lipids), immunological impairment (granulocytes percentage). Obtained results demonstrated a significant accumulation of algal toxins in mussels exposed to O. cf. ovata. These organisms exhibited a marked inhibition of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and alterations of immunological, lysosomal and neurotoxic responses. Markers of oxidative stress showed more limited variations suggesting that toxicity of the O. cf. ovata toxins is not primarily mediated by an over production of reactive oxygen species. This study provided preliminary results on the usefulness of a multi-biomarker approach to assess biological alterations and toxicological events associated to blooms of O. cf. ovata in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
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Accoroni S, Romagnoli T, Colombo F, Pennesi C, Di Camillo CG, Marini M, Battocchi C, Ciminiello P, Dell'Aversano C, Dello Iacovo E, Fattorusso E, Tartaglione L, Penna A, Totti C. Ostreopsis cf. ovata bloom in the northern Adriatic Sea during summer 2009: ecology, molecular characterization and toxin profile. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:2512-2519. [PMID: 21903227 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Intense blooms of the benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata have occurred in the northern Adriatic Sea since 2006. These blooms are associated with noxious effects on human health and with the mortality of benthic organisms because of the production of palytoxin-like compounds. The O. cf. ovata bloom and its relationships with nutrient concentrations at two stations on the Conero Riviera (northern Adriatic Sea) were investigated in the summer of 2009. O. cf. ovata developed from August to November, with the highest abundances in September (1.3×10(6) cells g(-1) fw corresponding to 63.8×10(3) cells cm(-2)). The presence of the single O. cf. ovata genotype was confirmed by a PCR assay. Bloom developed when the seawater temperature was decreasing. Nutrient concentrations did not seem to affect bloom dynamics. Toxin analysis performed by high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a high total toxin content (up to 75 pg cell(-1)), including putative palytoxin and all the ovatoxins known so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Mare, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Perini F, Casabianca A, Battocchi C, Accoroni S, Totti C, Penna A. New approach using the real-time PCR method for estimation of the toxic marine dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in marine environment. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17699. [PMID: 21408606 PMCID: PMC3048288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We describe the development and validation of a new quantitative real time PCR (qrt-PCR) method for the enumeration of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in marine environment. The benthic Ostreopsis sp. has a world-wide distribution and is associated during high biomass proliferation with the production of potent palytoxin-like compounds affecting human health and environment. Species-specific identification, which is relevant for the complex of different toxins production, by traditional methods of microscopy is difficult due to the high morphological variability, and thus different morphotypes can be easily misinterpreted. Methodology/Findings The method is based on the SYBR I Green real-time PCR technology and combines the use of a plasmid standard curve with a “gold standard” created with pooled crude extracts from environmental samples collected during a bloom event of Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the Mediterranean Sea. Based on their similar PCR efficiencies (95% and 98%, respectively), the exact rDNA copy number per cell was obtained in cultured and environmental samples. Cell lysates were used as the templates to obtain total recovery of DNA. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR was set at two rDNA copy number and 8.0×10−4 cell per reaction for plasmid and gold standards, respectively; the sensitivity of the assay was of cells g−1 fw or 1−1 in macrophyte and seawater samples, respectively. The reproducibility was determined on the total linear quantification range of both curves confirming the accuracy of the technical set-up in the complete ranges of quantification over time. Conclusions/Significance We developed a qrt-PCR assay specific, robust and high sample throughput for the absolute quantification of the toxic dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf. ovata in the environmental samples. This molecular approach may be considered alternative to traditional microscopy and applied for the monitoring of benthic toxic microalgal species in the marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Anna Casabianca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Accoroni
- Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Penna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Pesaro, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Mangialajo L, Ganzin N, Accoroni S, Asnaghi V, Blanfuné A, Cabrini M, Cattaneo-Vietti R, Chavanon F, Chiantore M, Cohu S, Costa E, Fornasaro D, Grossel H, Marco-Miralles F, Masó M, Reñé A, Rossi AM, Sala MM, Thibaut T, Totti C, Vila M, Lemée R. Trends in Ostreopsis proliferation along the Northern Mediterranean coasts. Toxicon 2010; 57:408-20. [PMID: 21145339 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Harmful benthic microalgae blooms represent an emergent phenomenon in temperate zones, causing health, ecological and economic concern. The main goal of this work was to compile records of Ostreopsis at large temporal and spatial scales, in order to study the relationship between cell abundances, the periodicity and intensity of the blooms and the role of sea water temperature in 14 Spanish, French, Monegasque and Italian sites located along the northern limits of the Mediterranean Sea. General trends were observed in the two considered basins: the north-western Mediterranean Sea, in which higher cell abundances were mostly recorded in mid-summer (end of July), and the northern Adriatic Sea where they occur in early fall (end of September). The sea-water temperature does not seem to be a primary driver, and the maximal abundance periods were site and year specific. Such results represent an important step in the understanding of harmful benthic microalgae blooms in temperate areas, and provide a good base for policy makers and managers in the attempt to monitor and forecast benthic harmful microalgae blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mangialajo
- Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, EA 4228 ECOMERS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, BP 71 06108 Nice cedex 2, France.
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Gorbi S, Bocchetti R, Binelli A, Totti C, Cucchiari E, Accoroni S, Raffaelli F, Nanetti L, Vignini A, Mazzanti L, Regoli F, Ciminiello P, Fattorusso E, Bacchiocchi S, Graziosi T, Orletti R. Biological effects of palytoxin-like compounds from benthic microalga Ostreopsis ovata: A multibiomarkers approach with the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Battocchi C, Totti C, Vila M, Masó M, Capellacci S, Accoroni S, Reñé A, Scardi M, Penna A. Monitoring toxic microalgae Ostreopsis (dinoflagellate) species in coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea using molecular PCR-based assay combined with light microscopy. Mar Pollut Bull 2010; 60:1074-1084. [PMID: 20188383 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A molecular PCR-based assay was developed and applied to macrophyte and seawater samples containing mixed microphytobenthic and phytoplanktonic assemblages, respectively, in order to detect toxic Ostreopsis species in Mediterranean Sea. The specificity and sensitivity of the molecular PCR assay were assessed with both plasmidic and genomic DNA of the target genus or species using taxon-specific primers in the presence of background macrophyte DNA. The PCR molecular technique allowed rapid detection of the Ostreopsis cells, even at abundances undetectable within the resolution limit of the microscopy technique. Species-specific identification of Ostreopsis was determined only by PCR-based assay, due to the inherent difficulty of morphological identification in field samples. In the monitoring of the toxic Ostreopsis blooms PCR-based methods proved to be effective tools complementary to microscopy for rapid and specific detection of Ostreopsis and other toxic dinoflagellates in marine coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Battocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Sez. Biol. Amb., Università di Urbino, Viale Trieste 296, 61100 Pesaro, Italy
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