1
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Lin L, DeMartino J, Wang D, van Son GJF, van der Linden R, Begthel H, Korving J, Andersson-Rolf A, van den Brink S, Lopez-Iglesias C, van de Wetering WJ, Balwierz A, Margaritis T, van de Wetering M, Peters PJ, Drost J, van Es JH, Clevers H. Unbiased transcription factor CRISPR screen identifies ZNF800 as master repressor of enteroendocrine differentiation. Science 2023; 382:451-458. [PMID: 37883554 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are hormone-producing cells residing in the epithelium of stomach, small intestine (SI), and colon. EECs regulate aspects of metabolic activity, including insulin levels, satiety, gastrointestinal secretion, and motility. The generation of different EEC lineages is not completely understood. In this work, we report a CRISPR knockout screen of the entire repertoire of transcription factors (TFs) in adult human SI organoids to identify dominant TFs controlling EEC differentiation. We discovered ZNF800 as a master repressor for endocrine lineage commitment, which particularly restricts enterochromaffin cell differentiation by directly controlling an endocrine TF network centered on PAX4. Thus, organoid models allow unbiased functional CRISPR screens for genes that program cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeff DeMartino
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daisong Wang
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs J F van Son
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Reinier van der Linden
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Amanda Andersson-Rolf
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stieneke van den Brink
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Lopez-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Willine J van de Wetering
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marc van de Wetering
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Pleguezuelos‐Manzano C, Puschhof J, van den Brink S, Geurts V, Beumer J, Clevers H. Establishment and Culture of Human Intestinal Organoids Derived from Adult Stem Cells. Curr Protoc Immunol 2020; 130:e106. [PMID: 32940424 PMCID: PMC9285512 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids derived from adult stem cells are miniature ex vivo versions of the human intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids are useful tools for the study of intestinal physiology as well as many disease conditions. These organoids present numerous advantages compared to immortalized cell lines, but working with them requires dedicated techniques. The protocols described in this article provide a basic guide to establishment and maintenance of human intestinal organoids derived from small intestine and colon biopsies. Additionally, this article provides an overview of several downstream applications of human intestinal organoids. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Establishment of human small intestine and colon organoid cultures from fresh biopsies Basic Protocol 2: Mechanical splitting, passage, and expansion of human intestinal organoids Alternate Protocol: Differentiation of human intestinal organoids Basic Protocol 3: Cryopreservation and thawing of human intestinal organoids Basic Protocol 4: Immunofluorescence staining of human intestinal organoids Basic Protocol 5: Generation of single-cell clonal intestinal organoid cultures Support Protocol 1: Production of Wnt3A conditioned medium Support Protocol 2: Production of Rspo1 conditioned medium Support Protocol 3: Extraction of RNA from intestinal organoid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayetano Pleguezuelos‐Manzano
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Stieneke van den Brink
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Veerle Geurts
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joep Beumer
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht InstituteRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Oncode InstituteUtrechtThe Netherlands
- The Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
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3
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Tüysüz N, van Bloois L, van den Brink S, Begthel H, Verstegen MMA, Cruz LJ, Hui L, van der Laan LJW, de Jonge J, Vries R, Braakman E, Mastrobattista E, Cornelissen JJ, Clevers H, Ten Berge D. Lipid-mediated Wnt protein stabilization enables serum-free culture of human organ stem cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14578. [PMID: 28262686 PMCID: PMC5343445 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling proteins are essential for culture of human organ stem cells in organoids, but most Wnt protein formulations are poorly active in serum-free media. Here we show that purified Wnt3a protein is ineffective because it rapidly loses activity in culture media due to its hydrophobic nature, and its solubilization requires a detergent, CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate), that interferes with stem cell self-renewal. By stabilizing the Wnt3a protein using phospholipids and cholesterol as carriers, we address both problems: Wnt activity remains stable in serum-free media, while non-toxic carriers allow the use of high Wnt concentrations. Stabilized Wnt3a supports strongly increased self-renewal of organ and embryonic stem cells and the serum-free establishment of human organoids from healthy and diseased intestine and liver. Moreover, the lipophilicity of Wnt3a protein greatly facilitates its purification. Our findings remove a major obstacle impeding clinical applications of adult stem cells and offer advantages for all cell culture uses of Wnt3a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Tüysüz
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Stieneke van den Brink
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Cancer Genomics.nl and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.,Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Cancer Genomics.nl and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.,Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Experimental Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Lijian Hui
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vries
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Cancer Genomics.nl and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.,Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Braakman
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Cornelissen
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Cancer Genomics.nl and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.,Foundation Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB), Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Derk Ten Berge
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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4
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Petersen N, Reimann F, Bartfeld S, Farin HF, Ringnalda FC, Vries RGJ, van den Brink S, Clevers H, Gribble FM, de Koning EJP. Generation of L cells in mouse and human small intestine organoids. Diabetes 2014; 63:410-20. [PMID: 24130334 PMCID: PMC4306716 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Upon a nutrient challenge, L cells produce glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a powerful stimulant of insulin release. Strategies to augment endogenous GLP-1 production include promoting L-cell differentiation and increasing L-cell number. Here we present a novel in vitro platform to generate functional L cells from three-dimensional cultures of mouse and human intestinal crypts. We show that short-chain fatty acids selectively increase the number of L cells, resulting in an elevation of GLP-1 release. This is accompanied by the upregulation of transcription factors associated with the endocrine lineage of intestinal stem cell development. Thus, our platform allows us to study and modulate the development of L cells in mouse and human crypts as a potential basis for novel therapeutic strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Petersen
- Hubrecht Institute for Development Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frank Reimann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sina Bartfeld
- Hubrecht Institute for Development Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henner F. Farin
- Hubrecht Institute for Development Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke C. Ringnalda
- Hubrecht Institute for Development Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert G. J. Vries
- Hubrecht Institute for Development Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Development Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eelco J. P. de Koning
- Hubrecht Institute for Development Biology and Stem Cell Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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5
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Dekkers JF, Wiegerinck CL, de Jonge HR, Bronsveld I, Janssens HM, de Winter-de Groot KM, Brandsma AM, de Jong NWM, Bijvelds MJC, Scholte BJ, Nieuwenhuis EES, van den Brink S, Clevers H, van der Ent CK, Middendorp S, Beekman JM. A functional CFTR assay using primary cystic fibrosis intestinal organoids. Nat Med 2013; 19:939-45. [PMID: 23727931 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently established conditions allowing for long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from intestine, recapitulating essential features of the in vivo tissue architecture. Here we apply this technology to study primary intestinal organoids of people suffering from cystic fibrosis, a disease caused by mutations in CFTR, encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Forskolin induces rapid swelling of organoids derived from healthy controls or wild-type mice, but this effect is strongly reduced in organoids of subjects with cystic fibrosis or in mice carrying the Cftr F508del mutation and is absent in Cftr-deficient organoids. This pattern is phenocopied by CFTR-specific inhibitors. Forskolin-induced swelling of in vitro-expanded human control and cystic fibrosis organoids corresponds quantitatively with forskolin-induced anion currents in freshly excised ex vivo rectal biopsies. Function of the CFTR F508del mutant protein is restored by incubation at low temperature, as well as by CFTR-restoring compounds. This relatively simple and robust assay will facilitate diagnosis, functional studies, drug development and personalized medicine approaches in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Dekkers
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Boilève A, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Lissa D, Martins I, Métivier D, van den Brink S, Clevers H, Galluzzi L, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Immunosurveillance against tetraploidization-induced colon tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:473-9. [PMID: 23324343 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that colon carcinogenesis can ensue the transient tetraploidization of (pre-)malignant cells. In line with this notion, the tumor suppressors APC and TP53, both of which are frequently inactivated in colon cancer, inhibit tetraploidization in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that-contrarily to their wild-type counterparts- Tp53 (-/-) colonocytes are susceptible to drug-induced or spontaneous tetraploidization in vitro. Colon organoids generated from tetraploid Tp53 (-/-) cells exhibit a close-to-normal morphology as compared to their diploid Tp53 (-/-) counterparts, yet the colonocytes constituting these organoids are characterized by an increased cell size and an elevated expression of the immunostimulatory protein calreticulin on the cell surface. The subcutaneous injection of tetraploid Tp53 (-/-) colon organoids led to the generation of proliferating tumors in immunodeficient, but not immunocompetent, mice. Thus, tetraploid Tp53 (-/-) colonocytes fail to survive in immunocompetent mice and develop neoplastic lesions in immunocompromised settings only. These results suggest that tetraploidy is particularly oncogenic in the context of deficient immunosurveillance.
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7
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Barker N, Huch M, Kujala P, van de Wetering M, Snippert HJ, van Es JH, Sato T, Stange DE, Begthel H, van den Born M, Danenberg E, van den Brink S, Korving J, Abo A, Peters PJ, Wright N, Poulsom R, Clevers H. Lgr5(+ve) stem cells drive self-renewal in the stomach and build long-lived gastric units in vitro. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 6:25-36. [PMID: 20085740 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1103] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of gastric epithelial homeostasis and cancer has been hampered by the lack of stem cell markers and in vitro culture methods. The Wnt target gene Lgr5 marks stem cells in the small intestine, colon, and hair follicle. Here, we investigated Lgr5 expression in the stomach and assessed the stem cell potential of the Lgr5(+ve) cells by using in vivo lineage tracing. In neonatal stomach, Lgr5 was expressed at the base of prospective corpus and pyloric glands, whereas expression in the adult was predominantly restricted to the base of mature pyloric glands. Lineage tracing revealed these Lgr5(+ve) cells to be self-renewing, multipotent stem cells responsible for the long-term renewal of the gastric epithelium. With an in vitro culture system, single Lgr5(+ve) cells efficiently generated long-lived organoids resembling mature pyloric epithelium. The Lgr5 stem cell marker and culture method described here will be invaluable tools for accelerating research into gastric epithelial renewal, inflammation/infection, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Barker
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT Utrecht & University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands
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8
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Smits AM, van den Hengel LG, van den Brink S, Metz CH, Doevendans PA, Goumans MJ. A new in vitro model for stem cell differentiation and interaction. Stem Cell Res 2009; 2:108-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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9
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Braam SR, Zeinstra L, Litjens S, Ward-van Oostwaard D, van den Brink S, van Laake L, Lebrin F, Kats P, Hochstenbach R, Passier R, Sonnenberg A, Mummery CL. Recombinant vitronectin is a functionally defined substrate that supports human embryonic stem cell self-renewal via alphavbeta5 integrin. Stem Cells 2008; 26:2257-65. [PMID: 18599809 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defined growth conditions are essential for many applications of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Most defined media are presently used in combination with Matrigel, a partially defined extracellular matrix (ECM) extract from mouse sarcoma. Here, we defined ECM requirements of hESC by analyzing integrin expression and ECM production and determined integrin function using blocking antibodies. hESC expressed all major ECM proteins and corresponding integrins. We then systematically replaced Matrigel with defined medium supplements and ECM proteins. Cells attached efficiently to natural human vitronectin, fibronectin, and Matrigel but poorly to laminin + entactin and collagen IV. Integrin-blocking antibodies demonstrated that alphaVbeta5 integrins mediated adhesion to vitronectin, alpha5beta1 mediated adhesion to fibronectin, and alpha6beta1 mediated adhesion to laminin + entactin. Fibronectin in feeder cell-conditioned medium partially supported growth on all natural matrices, but in defined, nonconditioned medium only Matrigel or (natural and recombinant) vitronectin was effective. Recombinant vitronectin was the only defined functional alternative to Matrigel, supporting sustained self-renewal and pluripotency in three independent hESC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R Braam
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Postal Zone S-1-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Braam SR, Denning C, van den Brink S, Kats P, Hochstenbach R, Passier R, Mummery CL. Improved genetic manipulation of human embryonic stem cells. Nat Methods 2008; 5:389-92. [PMID: 18391958 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Low efficiency of transfection limits the ability to genetically manipulate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and differences in cell derivation and culture methods require optimization of transfection protocols. We transiently transferred multiple independent hESC lines with different growth requirements to standardized feeder-free culture, and optimized conditions for clonal growth and efficient gene transfer without loss of pluripotency. Stably transfected lines retained differentiation potential, and most lines displayed normal karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan R Braam
- Hubrecht Institute, Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Freund C, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Monshouwer-Kloots J, van den Brink S, van Rooijen M, Xu X, Zweigerdt R, Mummery C, Passier R. Insulin redirects differentiation from cardiogenic mesoderm and endoderm to neuroectoderm in differentiating human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2007; 26:724-33. [PMID: 18096723 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can proliferate indefinitely while retaining the capacity to form derivatives of all three germ layers. We have reported previously that hESC differentiate into cardiomyocytes when cocultured with a visceral endoderm-like cell line (END-2). Insulin/insulin-like growth factors and their intracellular downstream target protein kinase Akt are known to protect many cell types from apoptosis and to promote proliferation, including hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that in the absence of insulin, a threefold increase in the number of beating areas was observed in hESC/END-2 coculture. In agreement, the addition of insulin strongly inhibited cardiac differentiation, as evidenced by a significant reduction in beating areas, as well as in alpha-actinin and beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC)-expressing cells. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that insulin inhibited cardiomyogenesis in the early phase of coculture by suppressing the expression of endoderm (Foxa2, GATA-6), mesoderm (brachyury T), and cardiac mesoderm (Nkx2.5, GATA-4). In contrast to previous reports, insulin was not sufficient to maintain hESC in an undifferentiated state, since expression of the pluripotency markers Oct3/4 and nanog declined independently of the presence of insulin during coculture. Instead, insulin promoted the expression of neuroectodermal markers. Since insulin triggered sustained phosphorylation of Akt in hESC, we analyzed the effect of an Akt inhibitor during coculture. Indeed, the inhibition of Akt or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor reversed the insulin-dependent effects. We conclude that in hESC/END-2 cocultures, insulin does not prevent differentiation but favors the neuroectodermal lineage at the expense of mesendodermal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Freund
- Hubrecht Institute, Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Abstract
Endoglin is an auxiliary receptor for TGFbeta signalling. Heterozygous germline Endoglin mutations have been identified in patients with the vascular abnormality, Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Endoglin is upregulated in endothelial cells during angiogenesis and loss of Endoglin in the mouse results in embryonic lethality at mid-gestation. This phenotype points to an important role of Endoglin in new blood vessel formation but precludes analysis at later stages in development and in postnatal life. To bypass this limitation and allow further investigations of the function of Endoglin we have generated a floxed Endoglin allele in which loxP sites flank exons 5 and 6. Mice homozygous for this allele are normal and in the presence of appropriate Cre lines will allow time and cell specific Endoglin deletion for in vivo analysis of function in cardiovascular development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R. Allinson
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Rita L.C. Carvalho
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stieneke van den Brink
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Hubrecht Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Helen M. Arthur
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Correspondence to: Helen Arthur, Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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13
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van de Stolpe A, van den Brink S, van Rooijen M, Ward-van Oostwaard D, van Inzen W, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Fauser B, van den Hout N, Weima S, Passier R, Smith N, Denning C, Mummery C. Human embryonic stem cells: towards therapies for cardiac disease. Derivation of a Dutch human embryonic stem cell line. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11:476-85. [PMID: 16274613 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation is being discussed as a potential therapy for multiple disorders caused by loss or malfunction of single or at most a few cell types. These include diabetes, Parkinson's disease and myocardial infarction or cardiac failure. However, it is not yet clear whether cells from adult tissues ('adult stem cells') or embryos ('embryonic stem cells') will prove to be the most appropriate replacement cells; most likely, each disease will have its own preferred source. This study presents the background to this discussion and the current state of research in replacement of cardiac tissue, with focus on recent developments using human embryonic stem cells. It also describes a new human embryonic stem cell (HESC) line, NL-HESC1, the first to be derived in the Netherlands, and shows that it forms cardiac cells in a manner comparable with that of hES2 and hES3 cells grown in the same laboratory.
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Mummery C, Ward-van Oostwaard D, Doevendans P, Spijker R, van den Brink S, Hassink R, van der Heyden M, Opthof T, Pera M, de la Riviere AB, Passier R, Tertoolen L. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes: role of coculture with visceral endoderm-like cells. Circulation 2003; 107:2733-40. [PMID: 12742992 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000068356.38592.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 941] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem (hES) cells could be useful in restoring heart function after myocardial infarction or in heart failure. Here, we induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of hES cells by a novel method and compared their electrophysiological properties and coupling with those of primary human fetal cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS hES cells were cocultured with visceral-endoderm (VE)-like cells from the mouse. This initiated differentiation to beating muscle. Sarcomeric marker proteins, chronotropic responses, and ion channel expression and function were typical of cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiology demonstrated that most cells resembled human fetal ventricular cells. Real-time intracellular calcium measurements, Lucifer yellow injection, and connexin 43 expression demonstrated that fetal and hES-derived cardiomyocytes are coupled by gap junctions in culture. Inhibition of electrical responses by verapamil demonstrated the presence of functional alpha1c-calcium ion channels. CONCLUSIONS This is the first demonstration of induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in hES cells that do not undergo spontaneous cardiogenesis. It provides a model for the study of human cardiomyocytes in culture and could be a step forward in the development of cardiomyocyte transplantation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mummery
- Hubrecht Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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