1
|
Bhat S, Rousseau J, Michaud C, Lourenço CM, Stoler JM, Louie RJ, Clarkson LK, Lichty A, Koboldt DC, Reshmi SC, Sisodiya SM, Hoytema van Konijnenburg EMM, Koop K, van Hasselt PM, Démurger F, Dubourg C, Sullivan BR, Hughes SS, Thiffault I, Tremblay ES, Accogli A, Srour M, Blunck R, Campeau PM. Mono-allelic KCNB2 variants lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by altered channel inactivation. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:761-777. [PMID: 38503299 PMCID: PMC11023922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels mediate voltage fluxes or action potentials that are central to the functioning of excitable cells such as neurons. The KCNB family of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) consists of two members (KCNB1 and KCNB2) encoded by KCNB1 and KCNB2, respectively. These channels are major contributors to delayed rectifier potassium currents arising from the neuronal soma which modulate overall excitability of neurons. In this study, we identified several mono-allelic pathogenic missense variants in KCNB2, in individuals with a neurodevelopmental syndrome with epilepsy and autism in some individuals. Recurrent dysmorphisms included a broad forehead, synophrys, and digital anomalies. Additionally, we selected three variants where genetic transmission has not been assessed, from two epilepsy studies, for inclusion in our experiments. We characterized channel properties of these variants by expressing them in oocytes of Xenopus laevis and conducting cut-open oocyte voltage clamp electrophysiology. Our datasets indicate no significant change in absolute conductance and conductance-voltage relationships of most disease variants as compared to wild type (WT), when expressed either alone or co-expressed with WT-KCNB2. However, variants c.1141A>G (p.Thr381Ala) and c.641C>T (p.Thr214Met) show complete abrogation of currents when expressed alone with the former exhibiting a left shift in activation midpoint when expressed alone or with WT-KCNB2. The variants we studied, nevertheless, show collective features of increased inactivation shifted to hyperpolarized potentials. We suggest that the effects of the variants on channel inactivation result in hyper-excitability of neurons, which contributes to disease manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bhat
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Department of Physics and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Coralie Michaud
- Centre de Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Joan M Stoler
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Angie Lichty
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Daniel C Koboldt
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shalini C Reshmi
- Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Klaas Koop
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Hasselt
- Department of Genetics, Section Metabolic Diagnostics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christèle Dubourg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290 Rennes, France
| | - Bonnie R Sullivan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Susan S Hughes
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth Simard Tremblay
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montral, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montral, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Rikard Blunck
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Brain and Learning (CIRCA), Department of Physics and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rossi A, Blok LS, Neuser S, Klöckner C, Platzer K, Faivre LO, Weigand H, Dentici ML, Tartaglia M, Niceta M, Alfieri P, Srivastava S, Coulter D, Smith L, Vinorum K, Cappuccio G, Brunetti-Pierri N, Torun D, Arslan M, Lauridsen MF, Murch O, Irving R, Lynch SA, Mehta SG, Carmichael J, Zonneveld-Huijssoon E, de Vries B, Kleefstra T, Johannesen KM, Westphall IT, Hughes SS, Smithson S, Evans J, Dudding-Byth T, Simon M, van Binsbergen E, Herkert JC, Beunders G, Oppermann H, Bakal M, Møller RS, Rubboli G, Bayat A. POU3F3-related disorder: Defining the phenotype and expanding the molecular spectrum. Clin Genet 2023; 104:186-197. [PMID: 37165752 PMCID: PMC10330344 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
POU3F3 variants cause developmental delay, behavioral problems, hypotonia and dysmorphic features. We investigated the phenotypic and genetic landscape, and genotype-phenotype correlations in individuals with POU3F3-related disorders. We recruited unpublished individuals with POU3F3 variants through international collaborations and obtained updated clinical data on previously published individuals. Trio exome sequencing or single exome sequencing followed by segregation analysis were performed in the novel cohort. Functional effects of missense variants were investigated with 3D protein modeling. We included 28 individuals (5 previously published) from 26 families carrying POU3F3 variants; 23 de novo and one inherited from an affected parent. Median age at study inclusion was 7.4 years. All had developmental delay mainly affecting speech, behavioral difficulties, psychiatric comorbidities and dysmorphisms. Additional features included gastrointestinal comorbidities, hearing loss, ophthalmological anomalies, epilepsy, sleep disturbances and joint hypermobility. Autism, hearing and eye comorbidities, dysmorphisms were more common in individuals with truncating variants, whereas epilepsy was only associated with missense variants. In silico structural modeling predicted that all (likely) pathogenic variants destabilize the DNA-binding region of POU3F3. Our study refined the phenotypic and genetic landscape of POU3F3-related disorders, it reports the functional properties of the identified pathogenic variants, and delineates some genotype-phenotype correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lot Snijders Blok
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Neuser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chiara Klöckner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurence Olivier Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
- Genetics of Developmental Disorders Team, INSERM - Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, UMR 1231 GAD, Dijon, France
| | - Heike Weigand
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner’s Children’s Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria L. Dentici
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - David Coulter
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lacey Smith
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Naples, Italy
| | - Deniz Torun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutluay Arslan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Oliver Murch
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Irving
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sally A. Lynch
- Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Sarju G. Mehta
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jenny Carmichael
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert de Vries
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katrine M. Johannesen
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian T. Westphall
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Susan S. Hughes
- Division of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Smithson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Julie Evans
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory, North Bristol NHS Trust, Pathology Sciences Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Tracy Dudding-Byth
- NSW Genetics of Learning Disability (GOLD) Service, University of Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Binsbergen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. Herkert
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gea Beunders
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Oppermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mert Bakal
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rikke S. Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Center, member of the ERN-EpiCARE, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zion TN, Berrios CD, Cohen ASA, Bartik L, Cross LA, Engleman KL, Fleming EA, Gadea RN, Hughes SS, Jenkins JL, Kussmann J, Lawson C, Schwager C, Strenk ME, Welsh H, Rush ET, Amudhavalli SM, Sullivan BR, Zhou D, Gannon JL, Heese BA, Moore R, Boillat E, Biswell RL, Louiselle DA, Puckett LMB, Beyer S, Neal SH, Sierant V, McBeth M, Belden B, Walter AM, Gibson M, Cheung WA, Johnston JJ, Thiffault I, Farrow EG, Grundberg E, Pastinen T. Insurance denials and diagnostic rates in a pediatric genomic research cohort. Genet Med 2023; 25:100020. [PMID: 36718845 PMCID: PMC10584034 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the amount and types of clinical genetic testing denied by insurance and the rate of diagnostic and candidate genetic findings identified through research in patients who faced insurance denials. METHODS Analysis consisted of review of insurance denials in 801 patients enrolled in a pediatric genomic research repository with either no previous genetic testing or previous negative genetic testing result identified through cross-referencing with insurance prior-authorizations in patient medical records. Patients and denials were also categorized by type of insurance coverage. Diagnostic findings and candidate genetic findings in these groups were determined through review of our internal variant database and patient charts. RESULTS Of the 801 patients analyzed, 147 had insurance prior-authorization denials on record (18.3%). Exome sequencing and microarray were the most frequently denied genetic tests. Private insurance was significantly more likely to deny testing than public insurance (odds ratio = 2.03 [95% CI = 1.38-2.99] P = .0003). Of the 147 patients with insurance denials, 53.7% had at least 1 diagnostic or candidate finding and 10.9% specifically had a clinically diagnostic finding. Fifty percent of patients with clinically diagnostic results had immediate medical management changes (5.4% of all patients experiencing denials). CONCLUSION Many patients face a major barrier to genetic testing in the form of lack of insurance coverage. A number of these patients have clinically diagnostic findings with medical management implications that would not have been identified without access to research testing. These findings support re-evaluation of insurance carriers' coverage policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tricia N Zion
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
| | - Courtney D Berrios
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Ana S A Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lauren Bartik
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; University of Kansas Medical Center, School of Professional Health Sciences, Kansas City, MO
| | - Laura A Cross
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kendra L Engleman
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Emily A Fleming
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Randi N Gadea
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Susan S Hughes
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Janda L Jenkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jennifer Kussmann
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Caitlin Lawson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Caitlin Schwager
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Meghan E Strenk
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Holly Welsh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Eric T Rush
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shivarajan M Amudhavalli
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Bonnie R Sullivan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jennifer L Gannon
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Bryce A Heese
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Riley Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Emelia Boillat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Rebecca L Biswell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Daniel A Louiselle
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Laura M B Puckett
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shanna Beyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shelby H Neal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Victoria Sierant
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Macy McBeth
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Bradley Belden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Adam M Walter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jeffrey J Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cohen ASA, Farrow EG, Abdelmoity AT, Alaimo JT, Amudhavalli SM, Anderson JT, Bansal L, Bartik L, Baybayan P, Belden B, Berrios CD, Biswell RL, Buczkowicz P, Buske O, Chakraborty S, Cheung WA, Coffman KA, Cooper AM, Cross LA, Curran T, Dang TTT, Elfrink MM, Engleman KL, Fecske ED, Fieser C, Fitzgerald K, Fleming EA, Gadea RN, Gannon JL, Gelineau-Morel RN, Gibson M, Goldstein J, Grundberg E, Halpin K, Harvey BS, Heese BA, Hein W, Herd SM, Hughes SS, Ilyas M, Jacobson J, Jenkins JL, Jiang S, Johnston JJ, Keeler K, Korlach J, Kussmann J, Lambert C, Lawson C, Le Pichon JB, Leeder JS, Little VC, Louiselle DA, Lypka M, McDonald BD, Miller N, Modrcin A, Nair A, Neal SH, Oermann CM, Pacicca DM, Pawar K, Posey NL, Price N, Puckett LMB, Quezada JF, Raje N, Rowell WJ, Rush ET, Sampath V, Saunders CJ, Schwager C, Schwend RM, Shaffer E, Smail C, Soden S, Strenk ME, Sullivan BR, Sweeney BR, Tam-Williams JB, Walter AM, Welsh H, Wenger AM, Willig LK, Yan Y, Younger ST, Zhou D, Zion TN, Thiffault I, Pastinen T. Genomic answers for children: Dynamic analyses of >1000 pediatric rare disease genomes. Genet Med 2022; 24:1336-1348. [PMID: 35305867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to provide comprehensive diagnostic and candidate analyses in a pediatric rare disease cohort through the Genomic Answers for Kids program. METHODS Extensive analyses of 960 families with suspected genetic disorders included short-read exome sequencing and short-read genome sequencing (srGS); PacBio HiFi long-read genome sequencing (HiFi-GS); variant calling for single nucleotide variants (SNV), structural variant (SV), and repeat variants; and machine-learning variant prioritization. Structured phenotypes, prioritized variants, and pedigrees were stored in PhenoTips database, with data sharing through controlled access the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes. RESULTS Diagnostic rates ranged from 11% in patients with prior negative genetic testing to 34.5% in naive patients. Incorporating SVs from genome sequencing added up to 13% of new diagnoses in previously unsolved cases. HiFi-GS yielded increased discovery rate with >4-fold more rare coding SVs compared with srGS. Variants and genes of unknown significance remain the most common finding (58% of nondiagnostic cases). CONCLUSION Computational prioritization is efficient for diagnostic SNVs. Thorough identification of non-SNVs remains challenging and is partly mitigated using HiFi-GS sequencing. Importantly, community research is supported by sharing real-time data to accelerate gene validation and by providing HiFi variant (SNV/SV) resources from >1000 human alleles to facilitate implementation of new sequencing platforms for rare disease diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S A Cohen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Joseph T Alaimo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shivarajan M Amudhavalli
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - John T Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lalit Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lauren Bartik
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Bradley Belden
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Rebecca L Biswell
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | | | - Warren A Cheung
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Keith A Coffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Ashley M Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Laura A Cross
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Tom Curran
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Thuy Tien T Dang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Mary M Elfrink
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Erin D Fecske
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Cynthia Fieser
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Keely Fitzgerald
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Emily A Fleming
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Randi N Gadea
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Rose N Gelineau-Morel
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jeffrey Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kelsee Halpin
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Brian S Harvey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Bryce A Heese
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Wendy Hein
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Suzanne M Herd
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Susan S Hughes
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Mohammed Ilyas
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jill Jacobson
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Janda L Jenkins
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | - Kathryn Keeler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Jonas Korlach
- Pacific Biosciences of California, Inc, Menlo Park, CA
| | | | | | - Caitlin Lawson
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | - Vicki C Little
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | | | | | - Neil Miller
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Allergy Immunology Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Ann Modrcin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Annapoorna Nair
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Shelby H Neal
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Donna M Pacicca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Kailash Pawar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Nyshele L Posey
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Nigel Price
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Laura M B Puckett
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Julio F Quezada
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Nikita Raje
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Eric T Rush
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Carol J Saunders
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Caitlin Schwager
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Richard M Schwend
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Elizabeth Shaffer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Craig Smail
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Sarah Soden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Meghan E Strenk
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Brooke R Sweeney
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Adam M Walter
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Holly Welsh
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Laurel K Willig
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Yun Yan
- UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Scott T Younger
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Tricia N Zion
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Division of Genetics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; UKMC School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO; Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bartik LE, Hughes SS, Tracy M, Feldt MM, Zhang L, Arganbright J, Kaye A. 22q11.2 duplications: Expanding the clinical presentation. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:779-787. [PMID: 34845825 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 duplication syndrome has a frequency of ~1/700 in the intellectual disability population. Despite this frequency, there is limited information on the variable clinical presentation. Although the phenotype and incidence of congenital anomalies are well described for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, they are not as well understood for individuals with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome. This study is a single-center, retrospective review of patients diagnosed with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome designed to categorize the variable phenotype seen in these individuals. The data suggest that the incidence of congenital anomalies may be higher than previously reported for this syndrome. Affected individuals are at increased risk for a variety of problems including gastrointestinal complications, endocrine dysfunction, ophthalmologic abnormalities, palatal anomalies, congenital heart disease, musculoskeletal differences, and neurologic abnormalities. Individuals with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome would benefit from care coordinated by a multidisciplinary team and managed according to the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bartik
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan S Hughes
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Meghan Tracy
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - M Max Feldt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill Arganbright
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Alison Kaye
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bellone RR, Ocampo NR, Hughes SS, Le V, Arthur R, Finno CJ, Penedo MCT. Warmblood fragile foal syndrome type 1 mutation (PLOD1 c.2032G>A) is not associated with catastrophic breakdown and has a low allele frequency in the Thoroughbred breed. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:411-414. [PMID: 31502696 PMCID: PMC7062577 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Catastrophic fractures are among the most common cause of fatalities in racehorses. Several factors, including genetics, likely contribute to increased risk for fatal injuries. A variant in the procollagen‐lysine, 2‐oxoglutarate 5‐dioxygenase1 gene (PLOD1 c.2032G>A) was shown to cause Warmblood fragile foal syndrome type 1 (WFFS), a fatal recessive defect of the connective tissue. Screening of multiple horse breeds identified the presence of the WFFS allele in the Thoroughbred. PLOD1 is involved in cross‐linking of collagen fibrils and thus could potentially increase the risk of catastrophic breakdown. Objectives Estimate the frequency of the WFFS allele (PLOD1 c.2032G>A) and determine if it is a risk factor for catastrophic breakdown in the Thoroughbred. Study design Case–control genetic study. Methods Genomic DNA from hair and/or tissue samples was genotyped for the WFFS allele. Fisher’s Exact tests were performed to compare allele and carrier frequencies between the case cohort (catastrophic breakdown, n = 22) and several cohorts with no record of injury (n = 138 raced/trained at same track and season and n = 185 older than 7 years and raced during same season), nonracers (n = 92), and a random sample without consideration for racing history (n = 279). Results The frequency of the PLOD1 c.2032G>A variant in the Thoroughbred breed is low (1.2%). Seventeen of 716 Thoroughbreds tested were carriers (2.4%) and no WFFS homozygotes were detected. Only one catastrophic breakdown case carried the WFFS allele. No statistically significant difference in allele or carrier frequency was identified between case and control cohorts (P>0.05 in all comparisons performed). Main limitations This study evaluated cases from one single track. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the PLOD1 c.2032G>A associated with WFFS is present at very low frequency in Thoroughbreds and is not a genetic risk factor for catastrophic breakdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R R Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - N R Ocampo
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - S S Hughes
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - V Le
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - R Arthur
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - M C T Penedo
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karmi N, Brown EA, Hughes SS, McLaughlin B, Mellersh CS, Biourge V, Bannasch DL. Estimated frequency of the canine hyperuricosuria mutation in different dog breeds. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 24:1337-42. [PMID: 21054540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricosuria is a condition that predisposes dogs to urate urolithiasis. A mutation that causes canine hyperuricosuria was previously identified in 3 unrelated dog breeds. The occurrence of the mutation in additional breeds was not determined. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Identify additional breeds that have the hyperuricosuria mutation and estimate the mutant allele frequency in those breeds. ANIMALS Three thousand five hundred and thirty dogs from 127 different breeds were screened for the hyperuricosuria mutation. METHODS DNA samples were genotyped by pyrosequencing and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction methods. RESULTS Mutant allele frequencies that range from 0.001 to 0.15 were identified in the American Staffordshire Terrier, Australian Shepherd, German Shepherd Dog, Giant Schnauzer, Parson (Jack) Russell Terrier, Labrador Retriever, Large Munsterlander, Pomeranian, South African Boerboel, and Weimaraner breeds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The hyperuricosuria mutation has been identified in several unrelated dog breeds. The mutant allele frequencies vary among breeds and can be used to determine an appropriate breeding plan for each breed. A DNA test is available and may be used by breeders to decrease the mutant allele frequency in breeds that carry the mutation. In addition, veterinarians may use the test as a diagnostic tool to identify the cause of urate urolithiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Karmi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Irion DN, Schaffer AL, Famula TR, Eggleston ML, Hughes SS, Pedersen NC. Analysis of genetic variation in 28 dog breed populations with 100 microsatellite markers. J Hered 2003; 94:81-7. [PMID: 12692167 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esg004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog breeds were created by man choosing for select phenotypic traits such as size, shape, coat color, conformation, and behavior. Rigorous phenotypic selection likely resulted in a loss of genetic information. The present study extends previous dog population observations by assessing the genotypic variation within and across 28 breeds representing the seven recognized breed groups of the American Kennel Club (AKC). One hundred autosomal microsatellite markers distributed across the canine genome were used to examine variation within breeds. Resulting breed-specific allele frequencies were then used in an attempt to elucidate phylogeny and genetic distances between breeds. While the set of autosomal microsatellites was useful in describing genetic variation within breeds, establishing the genetic relatedness between breeds was less conclusive. A more accurate determination of breed phylogeny will likely require the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D N Irion
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eggleston ML, Irion DN, Schaffer AL, Hughes SS, Draper JE, Robertson KR, Millon LV, Pedersen NC. PCR multiplexed microsatellite panels to expedite canine genetic disease linkage analysis. Anim Biotechnol 2002; 13:223-35. [PMID: 12517076 DOI: 10.1081/abio-120016191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Modern dog breeds possess large numbers of genetic diseases for which there are currently few candidate genes or diagnostic tests. Linkage of a microsatellite marker to a disease phenotype is often the only available tool to aid in the development of screening tests for disease carriers. Detection of linkage to a specific disease phenotype requires screening of large numbers of markers across known affected and unaffected animals. To establish high throughput genome scanning this study placed 100 canine microsatellite markers, arranged by fragment size and fluorescent dye label, into 12 PCR multiplexed panels. The highest degree of multiplexing was 11 markers per panel while the lowest was five markers per panel; each panel was run in one gel lane on automated DNA sequencers. Selection of the markers was based upon chromosomal or linkage group locations, degree of polymorphism, PCR multiplex compatibility and ease of interpretation. The marker set has an average spacing of 22.25 centiMorgan (cM). Marker polymorphism was evaluated across 28 American Kennel Club (AKC) recognized breeds. The utility of buccal swab vs. blood samples was also validated in this study as all template DNA was derived from swabs obtained and submitted by participating dog breeders and owners. The PCR multiplexed microsatellite panels and sampling method described in this report will provide investigators with a cost effective and expedient means of pursuing linkage studies of specific canine genetic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Eggleston
- The Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chandler R, Hughes SS. AIDS history San Francisco: archival documentation and oral history. Watermark (Arch Libr Hist Health Sci) 2001; 19:113-5. [PMID: 11613552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
|
12
|
Hughes SS. Making dollars out of DNA. The first major patent in biotechnology and the commercialization of molecular biology, 1974-1980. Isis 2001; 92:541-575. [PMID: 11810894 DOI: 10.1086/385281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In 1973-1974 Stanley N. Cohen of Stanford and Herbert W. Boyer of the University of California, San Francisco, developed a laboratory process for joining and replicating DNA from different species. In 1974 Stanford and UC applied for a patent on the recombinant DNA process; the U.S. Patent Office granted it in 1980. This essay describes how the patenting procedure was shaped by the concurrent recombinant DNA controversy, tension over the commercialization of academic biology, governmental deliberations over the regulation of genetic engineering research, and national expectations for high technology as a boost to the American economy. The essay concludes with a discussion of the patent as a turning point in the commercialization of molecular biology and a harbinger of the social and ethical issues associated with biotechnology today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Hughes
- Regional Oral History Office, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hughes SS, Cammarata A, Steinmann SP, Pellegrini VD. Effect of standard total knee arthroplasty surgical dissection on human patellar blood flow in vivo: an investigation using laser Doppler flowmetry. J South Orthop Assoc 2001; 7:198-204. [PMID: 9781896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined the in vivo alterations of human patellar bone blood flow that occur with surgical dissection of the extensor mechanism during total knee arthroplasty. A laser doppler probe was used to measure central patellar blood flow at baseline after quadriceps tenotomy, after partial fat pad excision, after lateral release, and after completion of the lateral release with superolateral geniculate sacrifice. The initial quadriceps tenotomy and medial arthrotomy decreased patellar vascularity to 60.4% of baseline. Fat pad resection initiated another 10.4% decline. The lateral release resulted in a patellar vascularity that was 43.6% of baseline. Finally, the loss of superolateral geniculate inflow reduced the patellar flow to 30.61% of baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
The literature provides little data to guide surgical management of spinal stenosis adjacent to previous lumbar fusion. Thirty-three consecutive patients who had surgical decompression for spinal stenosis at the lumbar segments adjacent to a previous lumbar fusion were studied. The mean interval between fusion and the adjacent segment surgery was 94 months. Of the 33 patients, 26 were followed for 3-14 years (mean: 5 years) after adjacent segment surgery and were clinically evaluated and independently completed an outcome questionnaire. Of the 26 patients, 15 rated their outcome as completely satisfactory, 6 were neutral toward the surgery, and 5 considered their surgery a failure. The surgery was generally effective at improving or relieving lower extremity neurogenic claudication. The strongest independent predictive factor of patient dissatisfaction was ongoing postoperative low back pain (r = 0.7, p = 0.001). A higher back pain score at follow-up was associated with continued narcotic use (p = 0.001) and decreased ability to perform activities of daily living (p = 0.05). Six patients required further lumbar surgery during the follow-up period. This study provides the longest published follow-up data of surgical results for symptomatic spinal stenosis adjacent to a previously asymptomatic lumbar fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Phillips
- University of Chicago Spine Center, Illinois 60640, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
DeAntoni DJ, Claro ML, Poehling GG, Hughes SS. Translaminar lumbar epidural endoscopy: technique and clinical results. J South Orthop Assoc 1998; 7:6-12. [PMID: 9570726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To provide baseline outcome data for a new lumbar microinvasive diskectomy done with standard arthroscopic instrumentation, we retrospectively reviewed the cases of 190 patients. All patients were assessed by a modified MacNab outcome classification with a minimum of a 2-year follow-up. All complications of this procedure were reported as well. No previous outcome data are available for this procedure, since it has been done primarily at one center, by the same surgeon, using his previously reported techniques. Results were good or excellent in 175 patients and fair or poor in 15. Complications were not severe and were easily remedied. This success rate is comparable to rates reported for other minimally invasive operations on the lumbar spine. This new technique of minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery provides minimal morbidity and a long-term outcome comparable to that of other standard procedures. The added benefits of using standard arthroscopic instrumentation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J DeAntoni
- Instituto Medico Platense, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zdeblick TA, Hughes SS, Riew KD, Bohlman HH. Failed anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis. Analysis and treatment of thirty-five patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997; 79:523-32. [PMID: 9111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five patients were managed operatively after failure of an anterior cervical discectomy and arthrodesis. Failure was classified as the absence of fusion without deformity but with neck pain or radiculopathy, or both; the absence of fusion after anterior or posterior dislodgment of the graft; or kyphosis due to collapse of the graft or to an unrecognized posterior soft-tissue injury. Twenty-three patients had failure of the arthrodesis without deformity (with neck pain only, neck and arm pain, radiculopathy, or myelopathy). Four patients had dislodgment of the graft; in two of them the graft migrated anteriorly after a multilevel Robinson arthrodesis, and in two it migrated posteriorly after a Cloward arthrodesis. Eight patients had a failure because of a kyphotic deformity. Five of them had had a Cloward arthrodesis; one, a discectomy; and two, a Robinson arthrodesis. Six had received allograft bone. Operative treatment of the pseudarthrosis consisted of repeat resection of the disc space in the area of the failed arthrodesis followed by repeat anterior Robinson arthrodesis with decompression of the nerve root if the patient had radiculopathy. It consisted of anterior corpectomy or vertebral-body resection and strut-grafting with reduction of the deformity if the patient had migration of the graft and kyphosis. The reoperations were performed four months to fourteen years (average, thirty-two months) after the initial operation. The duration of follow-up after the second operation averaged forty-four months (range, twenty-four to 216 months). The result was excellent for twenty-nine patients, good for one, fair for four, and poor for one. We concluded that, in patients who have persistent symptoms after an anterior cervical arthrodesis, an excellent result can be achieved with repeat anterior decompression and autogenous bone-grafting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Zdeblick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hughes SS. The Kaposi's Sarcoma Clinic at the University of California, San Francisco: an early response to the AIDS epidemic. Bull Hist Med 1997; 71:651-688. [PMID: 9431739 DOI: 10.1353/bhm.1997.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
18
|
Abstract
This article describes a new technique to achieve access to the epidural space via a direct posterior portal. This minimally invasive technique allows treatment of disc protrusions and extrusions with full visualization and minimal dissection of the paraspinal musculature. Hemostasis, visualization, and triangulation is performed with standard arthroscopic instrumentation. The anatomy of, indications for, and advantages of this techniques are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J De Antoni
- Instituto de Cirugia Artroscopica Buenos Aires, Instituto Medico Platense, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hughes SS, Hicks DG, O'Keefe RJ, Hurwitz SR, Crabb ID, Krasinskas AM, Loveys L, Puzas JE, Rosier RN. Shared phenotypic expression of osteoblasts and chondrocytes in fracture callus. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10:533-44. [PMID: 7610923 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification in fracture healing of rats at 4, 8, 11, 14, and 21 days was analyzed using immunological and molecular probes for markers of the chondrocyte and osteoblast phenotype. These markers were osteocalcin, type I and type II collagen, including the probes homologous to the alternatively spliced forms of alpha 1 type II collagen, type IIA and type IIB. Histologic examination was performed on serial sections of the same tissue blocks to correlate cellular morphology with the immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization findings. At the junction of the cartilaginous and osseous tissue, an overlap of phenotype and morphology was noted. At the 8-day time point, the cells with chondrocyte morphology expressed intracellular message for osteocalcin and type I collagen. Immunohistochemical analysis of these cells also demonstrated intracellular osteocalcin. However, high levels of the type IIA collagen mRNA, which has previously been associated with less differentiated mesenchymal precursor cells, were expressed in both chondrocytes and osteoblasts. At the later time point (21 days) there was a substantial decrease in the number of cells displaying shared phenotypic characteristics. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry have permitted identification of an overlapping or shared phenotype in osteoblasts and chondroblasts in fracture callus. The findings raise important questions regarding the possible plasticity of mesenchymal cell phenotypes within the dynamic environment of fracture healing. Additional examination of these issues will further define factors involved in origin, differentiation, and maturation of bone and cartilage cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hughes SS, Furia JP, Smith P, Pellegrini VD. Atrophy of the proximal part of the femur after total hip arthroplasty without cement. A quantitative comparison of cobalt-chromium and titanium femoral stems with use of dual x-ray absorptiometry. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995; 77:231-9. [PMID: 7844129 DOI: 10.2106/00004623-199502000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the density of periprosthetic bone about titanium and cobalt-chromium stems that had been inserted without cement. The analysis was done, three to four years after a total hip arthroplasty, in a retrospectively matched cohort of thirty patients. Fifteen patients had a stem that was collarless, proximally coated, and made of titanium; the other fifteen had a stem of similar design that was made of cobalt-chromium. The criteria for selection in the study included an excellent clinical and radiographic result and separately calculated modified Harris and Mayo hip scores of more than 94 points. All stems had radiographic evidence of osseous ingrowth. A comparison of the bone-mineral density about the two different types of stem with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry revealed a significant difference only along the calcar of the femur. There was no significant difference about the remaining, preponderant portion of the proximal part of the femur. Our data suggest that the difference in the modulus of elasticity between the two types of stem had little effect on the loss of bone-mineral density in most of the proximal part of the femur after arthroplasty without cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, New York
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Emery SE, Hughes SS, Junglas WA, Herrington SJ, Pathria MN. The fate of anterior vertebral bone grafts in patients irradiated for neoplasm. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1994:207-12. [PMID: 8131337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative irradiation is often used with anterior decompression and vertebral interbody fusion for the treatment of spinal neoplasms, yet little is known regarding the healing potential of these grafts. This review of 25 patients with neoplasm who had anterior vertebrectomy, bone strut insertion, and perioperative irradiation was performed to look specifically for evidence of radiographic fusion as determined by plain radiographs, tomograms, or computed tomography reconstruction. Four of 25 patients (16%) were judged to have a pseudarthrosis. All four pseudarthrosis patients but only four of 21 fusion patients had 4000 cg or more of irradiation, a statistically significant difference. There was a trend for lumbar lesions to have a higher risk for nonunion. Concomitant posterior stabilization did not necessarily prevent pseudarthrosis. Two iliac strut grafts with a pseudoarthrosis developed late fracture and one went on to collapse into kyphosis. The pseudarthrosis rate of anterior vertebral strut grafts in the face of irradiation for tumor is relatively high, and late graft fracture can occur if pseudarthrosis develops. Probable risk factors include irradiation greater than 4000 cg and lumbar lesions. Posterior stabilization to protect the graft may be warranted in the highest-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Emery
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hughes SS, Goldstein MN, Hicks DG, Pellegrini VD. Extrapelvic compression of the sciatic nerve. An unusual cause of pain about the hip: report of five cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1992; 74:1553-9. [PMID: 1469018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York 14642
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pellegrini VD, Hughes SS, Evarts CM. A collarless cobalt-chrome femoral component in uncemented total hip arthroplasty. Five- to eight-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992; 74:814-21. [PMID: 1447240 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.74b6.1447240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We implanted 57 uncemented cobalt-chrome porous-coated collarless femoral components into 51 patients (mean age 49 years). At review, five to eight years postoperatively, good or excellent results were recorded in 70% by the Mayo Clinic hip evaluation and in 84% by the Harris hip score. Revision for aseptic loosening of the femoral stem was necessary in only one hip. Thigh pain diminished with time and was present in only two hips at the time of review. Endosteal bone formation was seen at the junction of the smooth and the porous segments of the stem in 94% of hips and in 60% it continued after three years. In 90% of hips, proximal femoral atrophy did not progress after three years. Discontinuous radiolucent lines were seen around 30% of stems, most commonly in zones I, IV and VII. They were not progressive in 94% and their presence did not correlate with the clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
24
|
Crabb ID, Hughes SS, Hicks DG, Puzas JE, Tsao GJ, Rosier RN. Nonradioactive in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides. Applications to musculoskeletal tissues. Am J Pathol 1992; 141:579-89. [PMID: 1519665 PMCID: PMC1886689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have optimized a technique for in situ localization of specific mRNAs using digoxigenin-11-dUTP-labeled oligonucleotide probes. DNA probes were synthesized for type I and type II collagen as well as transforming growth factor-beta 1 and 2 (TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2). Control experiments, such as competitive inhibition, nonsense sequence hybridization, and RNAse digestion all indicated that the technique was highly sensitive and specific. In sections of growth plate, type II collagen mRNA was predominantly expressed in the lower proliferative and upper hypertrophic zone, whereas chondrocytes in articular cartilage stained equally. These techniques then were applied to sections cut from archival pathology specimens of musculoskeletal tissues. Primitive chondrocytes in a chondrosarcoma expressed type I and type II collagen mRNA, but did not stain with the nonsense probe. Sections from an osteosarcoma, an aneurysmal bone cyst, and a neurofibroma also were investigated. The ability to use chemically synthesized oligonucleotide probes, the high resolution, and the short development times possible with this in situ procedure makes this technique appealing for applied research into the gene expression of normal and pathologic cellular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I D Crabb
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, New York 14642
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hughes SS, Voit G, Kates SL. The role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of an occult femoral neck fracture associated with an ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture: case report. J Trauma 1991; 31:296-8. [PMID: 1994099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a nondisplaced femoral neck and head fracture diagnosed acutely by CT scanning. This case illustrates the potential benefits of an acute femoral neck/head CT scan in obtunded polytrauma patients with high-energy femoral shaft fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Hughes
- Department of Orthopedics, Rochester General Hospital, New York
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Oliguria is common in critically ill patients and may result from prerenal, renal, and postrenal causes. Oliguria also frequently develops in patients with normal concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Most of these patients do not develop renal failure. The authors prospectively studied 100 patients admitted to the ICU to determine the etiology of oliguria in these patients. Eighteen patients (18%) developed oliguria (less than 0.33 ml.kg-1.h-1 X 2 h). Seven and eleven patients were felt on clinical assessment to be hypovolemic or normovolemic, respectively. Compared with the hypovolemic patients, the normovolemic oliguric patients had significantly lower serum osmolalities (278 +/- 3 vs. 290 +/- 5 mOsm/kg H2O) and serum sodium concentrations (138 +/- 3 vs. 132 +/- 1 mEq/l). In addition, normovolemic patients had significantly higher urine sodium concentrations (83 +/- 12 vs. 13 +/- 2 mEq/l), fractional excretion of sodium (1.14 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.03), and renal failure indices (1.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.04). ADH concentrations in six hypovolemic and six normovolemic patients were increased in both groups but not significantly different. The hypovolemic patients increased their urine output from 17 +/- 2 ml/h to greater than 0.5 ml.kg-1.h-1 following a 500-ml bolus of normal saline. The normovolemic oliguric patients remained oliguric following the saline bolus (13 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 3 ml/h). The authors conclude that oliguria is common in critically ill patients and results from renal hypoperfusion and ADH excess.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Zaloga
- Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Gill GW, Hughes SS, Bennett SM, Gilbert BM. Racial identification from the midfacial skeleton with special reference to American Indians and whites. J Forensic Sci 1988; 33:92-9. [PMID: 3351476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Successful approaches to race determination of unidentified human remains have been developed by anatomists and physical anthropologists, but few quantitative methods are available for distinguishing American Indian crania from those of whites. The leading method in use today is particularly ineffective in its placement of American Indian skulls from the western regions of the United States. Recent development and testing of a new metric method suggests a much more effective technique. The method involves six breadth and projection measurements of the midfacial skeleton, the calculation of three indices, and a simple direct reading of results. The method has the additional advantage of use in the autopsy room with minimal dissection of soft tissue required. Based upon a less extensive test of East Asian and Arctic Mongoloid crania, the method appears to be even more effective in separating them from the sharp featured whites. Larger samples of American blacks and Polynesians are presently under study and these also appear to separate quite readily from whites using the same or similar sectioning values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G W Gill
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Randall CL, Hughes SS, Williams CK, Anton RF. Effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on consumption of alcohol and alcohol-induced sleep time in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1983; 18 Suppl 1:325-9. [PMID: 6685299 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An animal model was used to examine the effect of maternal alcohol administration on behaviors in the offspring which might predispose to alcoholism. Pregnant C3H mice were administered a liquid diet containing 28% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) from Gestation-Day 8 until parturition. Control animals were either pair-fed an isocaloric 0% EDC diet or received standard lab chow and water throughout pregnancy. Offspring were tested for sleep time following a challenge dose of 3.5 or 4.5 g/kg ethanol at 25 or 110 days of age or for consumption of 10% w/v ethanol in a two-bottle choice situation. The results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to alcohol did not affect alcohol-induced sleep time at either testing age or dose and that waking blood alcohol levels were similar across groups. Voluntary alcohol consumption, however, was higher in mice exposed to alcohol in utero during the initial week of testing but intake decreased to near control levels by the third week. Whether other alcohol-related behaviors are altered by prenatal alcohol exposure remains to be examined.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The effects of pregnancy and lactation on alcohol consumption were examined in the C57BL mouse. Pregnant mice were given a two-bottle choice between water and 10% w/v alcohol solution from Day 5 of pregnancy, through two weeks of lactation, and an additional four weeks following the removal of nursing pups. Alcohol consumption was expressed in terms of g absolute ethanol per kg body weight and as an alcohol preference ratio (ml alcohol/ml total fluid). Alcohol consumption (g ethanol per kg body weight) fell below control values during pregnancy and lactation but increased to control levels during postlactation. Similarly, alcohol preference ratio was found to decline during pregnancy, and to further decrease during lactation, a trend that was reversed during postlactation. The results support the findings of decreased alcohol consumption during pregnancy in alcoholic as well as nonalcoholic women.
Collapse
|
31
|
Berkley KJ, Hughes SS. Identification of temperature increases and decreases: a difficult task for monkey and human. Experientia 1972; 28:798-9. [PMID: 4633336 DOI: 10.1007/bf01923138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|