1
|
Maguire TJA, Yung S, Ortiz-Zapater E, Kayode OS, Till S, Corrigan C, Siew LQC, Knock GA, Woszczek G. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces airway smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness and proliferation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1131-1140.e6. [PMID: 37474025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulating smooth muscle functions has led to the exploration of the possibility that this sphingolipid could represent a potential therapeutic target in asthma and other lung diseases. Several studies in animal surrogates have suggested a role for S1P-mediated signaling in the regulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling, but evidence from human studies is lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare the responsiveness of the airways to S1P in healthy and asthmatic individuals in vivo, in isolated human airways ex vivo, and in murine airways dissected from healthy and house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized animals. METHODS Airway responsiveness was measured by spirometry during inhalation challenges and by wire myography in airways isolated from human and mouse lungs. Thymidine incorporation and calcium mobilization assays were used to study human ASM cell responses. RESULTS S1P did not induce contraction of airways isolated from healthy and HDM-exposed mice, nor in human airways. Similarly, there was no airway constriction observed in healthy and asthmatic subjects in response to increasing concentrations of inhaled S1P. However, a 30-minute exposure to S1P induced a significant concentration-dependent enhancement of airway reactivity to methacholine and to histamine in murine and human airways, respectively. HDM-sensitized mice demonstrated a significant increase in methacholine responsiveness, which was not further enhanced by S1P treatment. S1P also concentration-dependently enhanced proliferation of human ASM cells, an effect mediated through S1P receptor type 2, as shown by selective antagonism and S1P receptor type 2 small-interfering RNA knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that S1P released locally into the airways may be involved in the regulation of ASM hyperresponsiveness and hyperplasia, defining a novel target for future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J A Maguire
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Yung
- Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicina-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - O Stephanie Kayode
- Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Till
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Corrigan
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard Q C Siew
- Department of Adult Allergy, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory A Knock
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ortiz-Zapater E, Bagley DC, Hernandez VL, Roberts LB, Maguire TJA, Voss F, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Peset-Martin I, Woszczek G, Rosenblatt J, Gotthardt M, Santis G, Parsons M. Epithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6407. [PMID: 36302767 PMCID: PMC9613683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma and other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, and this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged respiratory epithelium is the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is highly expressed in the epithelium where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability and facilitates immune cell transepithelial migration. However, the contribution of CAR to lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigate the mechanistic contribution of CAR in mediating responses to the common aeroallergen, House Dust Mite (HDM). We demonstrate that administration of HDM in mice lacking CAR in the respiratory epithelium leads to loss of peri-bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer goblet-cells and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vitro analysis in human lung epithelial cells confirms that loss of CAR leads to reduced HDM-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil migration. Epithelial CAR depletion also promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by GSK3β and TGF-β, basal matrix production and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that CAR coordinates lung inflammation through a dual function in leucocyte recruitment and tissue remodelling and may represent an important target for future therapeutic development in inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dustin C Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felizia Voss
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rakshit S, Adiga V, Ahmed A, Parthiban C, Chetan Kumar N, Dwarkanath P, Shivalingaiah S, Rao S, D’Souza G, Dias M, Maguire TJA, Doores KJ, Zoodsma M, Geckin B, Dasgupta P, Babji S, van Meijgaarden KE, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Li Y, Netea MG, Stuart KD, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Vyakarnam A. Evidence for the heterologous benefits of prior BCG vaccination on COVISHIELD™ vaccine-induced immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young Indian adults. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985938. [PMID: 36268023 PMCID: PMC9577398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This proof-of-concept study tested if prior BCG revaccination can qualitatively and quantitively enhance antibody and T-cell responses induced by Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 or COVISHIELD™, an efficacious and the most widely distributed vaccine in India. We compared COVISHIELD™ induced longitudinal immune responses in 21 BCG re-vaccinees (BCG-RV) and 13 BCG-non-revaccinees (BCG-NRV), all of whom were BCG vaccinated at birth; latent tuberculosis negative and SARS-CoV-2 seronegative prior to COVISHIELD™ vaccination. Compared to BCG-NRV, BCG-RV displayed significantly higher and persistent spike-specific neutralizing (n) Ab titers and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells for eight months post COVISHIELD™ booster, including distinct CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IFN-γ- effector memory (EM) subsets co-expressing IL-2, TNF-α and activation induced markers (AIM) CD154/CD137 as well as CD8+IFN-γ+ EM,TEMRA (T cell EM expressing RA) subset combinations co-expressing TNF-α and AIM CD137/CD69. Additionally, elevated nAb and T-cell responses to the Delta mutant in BCG-RV highlighted greater immune response breadth. Mechanistically, these BCG adjuvant effects were associated with elevated markers of trained immunity, including higher IL-1β and TNF-α expression in CD14+HLA-DR+monocytes and changes in chromatin accessibility highlighting BCG-induced epigenetic changes. This study provides first in-depth analysis of both antibody and memory T-cell responses induced by COVISHIELD™ in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young adults in India with strong evidence of a BCG-induced booster effect and therefore a rational basis to validate BCG, a low-cost and globally available vaccine, as an adjuvant to enhance heterologous adaptive immune responses to current and emerging COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Rakshit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Parthiban
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Nirutha Chetan Kumar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Srishti Rao
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Katie J. Doores
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Martijn Zoodsma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualized Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Busranur Geckin
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Prokar Dasgupta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sudhir Babji
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Liver Renal Urology Transplant Gastro/Gastrointestinal Surgery, Inflammation Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simone A. Joosten
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualized Infection Medicine, Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- TWINCORE, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kenneth D. Stuart
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Annapurna Vyakarnam, ;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Ortega-Prieto AM, Menendez Moreno B, Maguire TJA, Richardson A, Diaz-Hernandez JI, Diez Perez J, Zuckerman M, Mercadal Playa A, Cordero Deline C, Malim MH, Martinez-Nunez RT. Drug repurposing based on a quantum-inspired method versus classical fingerprinting uncovers potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010330. [PMID: 35849631 PMCID: PMC9333455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the need to identify new antiviral therapeutics at pace, including through drug repurposing. We employed a Quadratic Unbounded Binary Optimization (QUBO) model, to search for compounds similar to Remdesivir, the first antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 approved for human use, using a quantum-inspired device. We modelled Remdesivir and compounds present in the DrugBank database as graphs, established the optimal parameters in our algorithm and resolved the Maximum Weighted Independent Set problem within the conflict graph generated. We also employed a traditional Tanimoto fingerprint model. The two methods yielded different lists of lead compounds, with some overlap. While GS-6620 was the top compound predicted by both models, the QUBO model predicted BMS-986094 as second best. The Tanimoto model predicted different forms of cobalamin, also known as vitamin B12. We then determined the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in cell culture models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessed cytotoxicity. We also demonstrated efficacy against several variants including SARS-CoV-2 Strain England 2 (England 02/2020/407073), B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta). Lastly, we employed an in vitro polymerization assay to demonstrate that these compounds directly inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) of SARS-CoV-2. Together, our data reveal that our QUBO model performs accurate comparisons (BMS-986094) that differed from those predicted by Tanimoto (different forms of vitamin B12); all compounds inhibited replication of SARS-CoV-2 via direct action on RdRP, with both models being useful. While Tanimoto may be employed when performing relatively small comparisons, QUBO is also accurate and may be well suited for very complex problems where computational resources may limit the number and/or complexity of possible combinations to evaluate. Our quantum-inspired screening method can therefore be employed in future searches for novel pharmacologic inhibitors, thus providing an approach for accelerating drug deployment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas J. A. Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Richardson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Javier Diez Perez
- Fujitsu Technology Solutions S.A., Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark Zuckerman
- South London Virology Centre, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael H. Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seow J, Graham C, Hallett SR, Lechmere T, Maguire TJA, Huettner I, Cox D, Khan H, Pickering S, Roberts R, Waters A, Ward CC, Mant C, Pitcher MJ, Spencer J, Fox J, Malim MH, Doores KJ. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine elicits monoclonal antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 viral variants. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110757. [PMID: 35477023 PMCID: PMC9010245 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied extensively at the polyclonal level using immune sera, little has been reported on the antibody response at the monoclonal level. Here, we isolate a panel of 44 anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from an individual who received two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine at a 12-week interval. We show that, despite a relatively low serum neutralization titer, Spike-reactive IgG+ B cells are still detectable 9 months post-boost. Furthermore, mAbs with potent neutralizing activity against the current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Gamma, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) are present. The vaccine-elicited neutralizing mAbs form eight distinct competition groups and bind epitopes overlapping with neutralizing mAbs elicited following SARS-CoV-2 infection. AZD1222-elicited mAbs are more mutated than mAbs isolated from convalescent donors 1-2 months post-infection. These findings provide molecular insights into the AZD1222 vaccine-elicited antibody response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sadie R Hallett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Lechmere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabella Huettner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Cox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hataf Khan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anele Waters
- Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher C Ward
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Mant
- Infectious Diseases Biobank, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Pitcher
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Spencer
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Fox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Harrison Wing, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dupont L, Snell LB, Graham C, Seow J, Merrick B, Lechmere T, Maguire TJA, Hallett SR, Pickering S, Charalampous T, Alcolea-Medina A, Huettner I, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Acors S, Almeida N, Cox D, Dickenson RE, Galao RP, Kouphou N, Lista MJ, Ortega-Prieto AM, Wilson H, Winstone H, Fairhead C, Su JZ, Nebbia G, Batra R, Neil S, Shankar-Hari M, Edgeworth JD, Malim MH, Doores KJ. Neutralizing antibody activity in convalescent sera from infection in humans with SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1433-1442. [PMID: 34654917 PMCID: PMC8556155 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine design and vaccination rollout need to take into account a detailed understanding of antibody durability and cross-neutralizing potential against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants of concern (VOCs). Analyses of convalescent sera provide unique insights into antibody longevity and cross-neutralizing activity induced by variant spike proteins, which are putative vaccine candidates. Using sera from 38 individuals infected in wave 1, we show that cross-neutralizing activity can be detected up to 305 days pos onset of symptoms, although sera were less potent against B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B1.351 (Beta). Over time, despite a reduction in overall neutralization activity, differences in sera neutralization potency against SARS-CoV-2 and the Alpha and Beta variants decreased, which suggests that continued antibody maturation improves tolerance to spike mutations. We also compared the cross-neutralizing activity of wave 1 sera with sera from individuals infected with the Alpha, the Beta or the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants up to 79 days post onset of symptoms. While these sera neutralize the infecting VOC and parental virus to similar levels, cross-neutralization of different SARS-CoV-2 VOC lineages is reduced. These findings will inform the optimization of vaccines to protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liane Dupont
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke B Snell
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Blair Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Lechmere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sadie R Hallett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Themoula Charalampous
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adela Alcolea-Medina
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Isabella Huettner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Jimenez-Guardeño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Acors
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalia Almeida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Cox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Neophytos Kouphou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Jose Lista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Winstone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cassandra Fairhead
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jia Zhe Su
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gaia Nebbia
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rahul Batra
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stuart Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Edgeworth
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lista MJ, Matos PM, Maguire TJA, Poulton K, Ortiz-Zapater E, Page R, Sertkaya H, Ortega-Prieto AM, Scourfield E, O’Byrne AM, Bouton C, Dickenson RE, Ficarelli M, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Howard M, Betancor G, Galao RP, Pickering S, Signell AW, Wilson H, Cliff P, Kia Ik MT, Patel A, MacMahon E, Cunningham E, Doores K, Agromayor M, Martin-Serrano J, Perucha E, Mischo HE, Shankar-Hari M, Batra R, Edgeworth J, Zuckerman M, Malim MH, Neil S, Martinez-Nunez RT. Resilient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics workflows including viral heat inactivation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256813. [PMID: 34525109 PMCID: PMC8443028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a worldwide need for reagents to perform SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some laboratories have implemented kit-free protocols, but many others do not have the capacity to develop these and/or perform manual processing. We provide multiple workflows for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing several commercially available RNA extraction methods: QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAgen), RNAdvance Blood/Viral (Beckman) and Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit (Omega Bio-tek). We also compared One-step RT-qPCR reagents: TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (FastVirus, ThermoFisher Scientific), qPCRBIO Probe 1-Step Go Lo-ROX (PCR Biosystems) and Luna® Universal Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit (Luna, NEB). We used primer-probes that detect viral N (EUA CDC) and RdRP. RNA extraction methods provided similar results, with Beckman performing better with our primer-probe combinations. Luna proved most sensitive although overall the three reagents did not show significant differences. N detection was more reliable than that of RdRP, particularly in samples with low viral titres. Importantly, we demonstrated that heat treatment of nasopharyngeal swabs at 70°C for 10 or 30 min, or 90°C for 10 or 30 min (both original variant and B 1.1.7) inactivated SARS-CoV-2 employing plaque assays, and had minimal impact on the sensitivity of the qPCR in clinical samples. These findings make SARS-CoV-2 testing portable in settings that do not have CL-3 facilities. In summary, we provide several testing pipelines that can be easily implemented in other laboratories and have made all our protocols and SOPs freely available at https://osf.io/uebvj/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Lista
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro M. Matos
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. A. Maguire
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Poulton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Page
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- King’s Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helin Sertkaya
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Ortega-Prieto
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Scourfield
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife M. O’Byrne
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD–EULAR Centre of Excellence), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clement Bouton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Dickenson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Ficarelli
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Howard
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto Betancor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian W. Signell
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Wilson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope Cliff
- Viapath pathology laboratories at St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Tan Kia Ik
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amita Patel
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eithne MacMahon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cunningham
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Doores
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Agromayor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esperanza Perucha
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI), Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD–EULAR Centre of Excellence), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E. Mischo
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Batra
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Zuckerman
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- South London Specialist Virology Centre, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H. Malim
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Neil
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dupont L, Snell LB, Graham C, Seow J, Merrick B, Lechmere T, Hallett SR, Charalampous T, Alcolea-Medina A, Huettner I, Maguire TJA, Acors S, Almeida N, Cox D, Dickenson RE, Galao RP, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Kouphou N, Lista MJ, Pickering S, Ortega-Prieto AM, Wilson H, Winstone H, Fairhead C, Su J, Nebbia G, Batra R, Neil S, Shankar-Hari M, Edgeworth JD, Malim MH, Doores KJ. Antibody longevity and cross-neutralizing activity following SARS-CoV-2 wave 1 and B.1.1.7 infections. medRxiv 2021:2021.06.07.21258351. [PMID: 34127977 PMCID: PMC8202432 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.07.21258351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge globally, a major challenge for COVID-19 vaccination is the generation of a durable antibody response with cross-neutralizing activity against both current and newly emerging viral variants. Cross-neutralizing activity against major variants of concern (B.1.1.7, P.1 and B.1.351) has been observed following vaccination, albeit at a reduced potency, but whether vaccines based on the Spike glycoprotein of these viral variants will produce a superior cross-neutralizing antibody response has not been fully investigated. Here, we used sera from individuals infected in wave 1 in the UK to study the long-term cross-neutralization up to 10 months post onset of symptoms (POS), as well as sera from individuals infected with the B.1.1.7 variant to compare cross-neutralizing activity profiles. We show that neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity can be detected from wave 1 up to 10 months POS. Although neutralization of B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 is lower, the difference in neutralization potency decreases at later timepoints suggesting continued antibody maturation and improved tolerance to Spike mutations. Interestingly, we found that B.1.1.7 infection also generates a cross-neutralizing antibody response, which, although still less potent against B.1.351, can neutralize parental wave 1 virus to a similar degree as B.1.1.7. These findings have implications for the optimization of vaccines that protect against newly emerging viral variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liane Dupont
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke B Snell
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Blair Merrick
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Lechmere
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sadie R Hallett
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Themoula Charalampous
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adela Alcolea-Medina
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Isabella Huettner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Acors
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalia Almeida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Cox
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Jimenez-Guardeño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Neophytos Kouphou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marie Jose Lista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Wilson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helena Winstone
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cassandra Fairhead
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jia Su
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gaia Nebbia
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rahul Batra
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stuart Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Edgeworth
- Centre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lista MJ, Matos PM, Maguire TJA, Poulton K, Ortiz-Zapater E, Page R, Sertkaya H, Ortega-Prieto AM, O’Byrne AM, Bouton C, Dickenson RE, Ficarelli M, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Howard M, Betancor G, Galao RP, Pickering S, Signell AW, Wilson H, Cliff P, Ik MTK, Patel A, MacMahon E, Cunningham E, Doores K, Agromayor M, Martin-Serrano J, Perucha E, Mischo HE, Shankar-Hari M, Batra R, Edgeworth J, Zuckerman M, Malim MH, Neil S, Martinez-Nunez RT. Resilient SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics workflows including viral heat inactivation. medRxiv 2021:2020.04.22.20074351. [PMID: 33851184 PMCID: PMC8043481 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.22.20074351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a worldwide need for reagents to perform SARS-CoV-2 detection. Some laboratories have implemented kit-free protocols, but many others do not have the capacity to develop these and/or perform manual processing. We provide multiple workflows for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in clinical samples by comparing several commercially available RNA extraction methods: QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAgen), RNAdvance Blood/Viral (Beckman) and Mag-Bind Viral DNA/RNA 96 Kit (Omega Bio-tek). We also compared One-step RT-qPCR reagents: TaqMan Fast Virus 1-Step Master Mix (FastVirus, ThermoFisher Scientific), qPCRBIO Probe 1-Step Go Lo-ROX (PCR Biosystems) and Luna ® Universal Probe One-Step RT-qPCR Kit (Luna, NEB). We used primer-probes that detect viral N (EUA CDC) and RdRP (PHE guidelines). All RNA extraction methods provided similar results. FastVirus and Luna proved most sensitive. N detection was more reliable than that of RdRP, particularly in samples with low viral titres. Importantly, we demonstrate that treatment of nasopharyngeal swabs with 70 degrees for 10 or 30 min, or 90 degrees for 10 or 30 min (both original variant and B 1.1.7) inactivates SARS-CoV-2 employing plaque assays, and that it has minimal impact on the sensitivity of the qPCR in clinical samples. These findings make SARS-CoV-2 testing portable to settings that do not have CL-3 facilities. In summary, we provide several testing pipelines that can be easily implemented in other laboratories and have made all our protocols and SOPs freely available at https://osf.io/uebvj/ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Lista
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Pedro M. Matos
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Thomas J. A. Maguire
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Kate Poulton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
- All these authors contributed equally to the completion of this work
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Robert Page
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Helin Sertkaya
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ana M. Ortega-Prieto
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aoife M. O’Byrne
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI). Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD – EULAR Centre of Excellence). Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Clement Bouton
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mattia Ficarelli
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeño
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mark Howard
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gilberto Betancor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rui Pedro Galao
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Adrian W Signell
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Harry Wilson
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Mark Tan Kia Ik
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Amita Patel
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Eithne MacMahon
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Emma Cunningham
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Katie Doores
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Monica Agromayor
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Juan Martin-Serrano
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Esperanza Perucha
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology (CIBCI). Centre for Rheumatic Diseases (CRD – EULAR Centre of Excellence). Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Hannah E. Mischo
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rahul Batra
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Jonathan Edgeworth
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, St Thomas’ Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Mark Zuckerman
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Virology. King’s College Hospital (London, UK)
| | - Michael H. Malim
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stuart Neil
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rocio Teresa Martinez-Nunez
- King’s College London Diagnostics Team at Guy’s Campus (London, UK)
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences. Guy’s Campus, King’s College London SE1 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wells PM, Doores KJ, Couvreur S, Nunez RM, Seow J, Graham C, Acors S, Kouphou N, Neil SJD, Tedder RS, Matos PM, Poulton K, Lista MJ, Dickenson RE, Sertkaya H, Maguire TJA, Scourfield EJ, Bowyer RCE, Hart D, O'Byrne A, Steel KJA, Hemmings O, Rosadas C, McClure MO, Capedevilla-Pujol J, Wolf J, Ourselin S, Brown MA, Malim MH, Spector T, Steves CJ. Estimates of the rate of infection and asymptomatic COVID-19 disease in a population sample from SE England. J Infect 2020; 81:931-936. [PMID: 33068628 PMCID: PMC7557299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the true asymptomatic rate of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is currently limited, as is understanding of the population-based seroprevalence after the first wave of COVID-19 within the UK. The majority of data thus far come from hospitalised patients, with little focus on general population cases, or their symptoms. METHODS We undertook enzyme linked immunosorbent assay characterisation of IgM and IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein of 431 unselected general-population participants of the TwinsUK cohort from South-East England, aged 19-86 (median age 48; 85% female). 382 participants completed prospective logging of 14 COVID-19 related symptoms via the COVID Symptom Study App, allowing consideration of serology alongside individual symptoms, and a predictive algorithm for estimated COVID-19 previously modelled on PCR positive individuals from a dataset of over 2 million. FINDINGS We demonstrated a seroprevalence of 12% (51 participants of 431). Of 48 seropositive individuals with full symptom data, nine (19%) were fully asymptomatic, and 16 (27%) were asymptomatic for core COVID-19 symptoms: fever, cough or anosmia. Specificity of anosmia for seropositivity was 95%, compared to 88% for fever cough and anosmia combined. 34 individuals in the cohort were predicted to be Covid-19 positive using the App algorithm, and of those, 18 (52%) were seropositive. INTERPRETATION Seroprevalence amongst adults from London and South-East England was 12%, and 19% of seropositive individuals with prospective symptom logging were fully asymptomatic throughout the study. Anosmia demonstrated the highest symptom specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. FUNDING NIHR BRC, CDRF, ZOE global LTD, RST-UKRI/MRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Wells
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Katie J Doores
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Couvreur
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rocio Martinez Nunez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Seow
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carl Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam Acors
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Neophytos Kouphou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart J D Neil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pedro M Matos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Poulton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Jose Lista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth E Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helin Sertkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edward J Scourfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth C E Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Deborah Hart
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Aoife O'Byrne
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn J A Steel
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Myra O McClure
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Trust and King's College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xia J, Abdu S, Maguire TJA, Hopkins C, Till SJ, Woszczek G. Prostaglandin D 2 receptors in human mast cells. Allergy 2020; 75:1477-1480. [PMID: 31876962 DOI: 10.1111/all.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xia
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- ENT Department Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Semah Abdu
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Thomas J. A. Maguire
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Claire Hopkins
- ENT Department Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Stephen J. Till
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK
| |
Collapse
|