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Juul CA, Engel TB, Fliedner FP, Ringgaard L, Eliasen R, Melander F, Bak M, Kjær A, Henriksen JR, Elema DR, Hansen AE, Andresen TL. HER2-targeted, enzyme-activated liposomes show superior in vivo efficacy in an ovarian cancer model. J Control Release 2024:S0168-3659(24)00289-X. [PMID: 38705519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes carrying chemotherapeutic drugs can accumulate passively in solid tumors at high levels. However, additional targeting of the liposomes towards e.g. receptors expressed on cancer cells may improve their interaction and therapeutic properties. In this study, we designed a liposomal delivery system, which utilizes the intrinsic characteristics of HER2-positive tumors to ensure efficient delivery of oxaliplatin to the cancer cells. On the liposome surface, trastuzumab, an antibody specific to the HER2 receptor, was shown to facilitate internalization by the cancer cells. A polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer on the liposome surface provides protection from mononuclear phagocyte system uptake. To optimize the interaction between liposomes and cancer cells, a protease-sensitive cleavable peptide linker was inserted at the base of each PEG. The PEG layer is then cleaved off by intra- and extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) upon accumulation in the tumor. Our data demonstrate that the removal of PEG significantly destabilizes the liposomes and leads to substantial oxaliplatin release. The proposed beneficial effect of combining antibody-mediated internalization with MMP sensitivity was confirmed in a series of in vivo studies using ovarian cancer xenograft models. The results demonstrated that HER2-targeted MMP-sensitive liposomes have superior anticancer activity compared to non-targeted and non-cleavable liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trine Bjørnbo Engel
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Petrine Fliedner
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; d, Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars Ringgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Eliasen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; d, Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis Ringkjøbing Elema
- DTU Nutech, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Elias Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Larsen NW, Kostrikov S, Hansen MB, Hjørringgaard CU, Larsen NB, Andresen TL, Kristensen K. Interactions of oral permeation enhancers with lipid membranes in simulated intestinal environments. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123957. [PMID: 38430950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of therapeutic peptides is generally low. To increase peptide transport across the gastrointestinal barrier, permeation enhancers are often used. Despite their widespread use, mechanistic knowledge of permeation enhancers is limited. To address this, we here investigate the interactions of six commonly used permeation enhancers with lipid membranes in simulated intestinal environments. Specifically, we study the interactions of the permeation enhancers sodium caprate, dodecyl maltoside, sodium cholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, melittin, and penetratin with epithelial cell-like model membranes. To mimic the molecular composition of the real intestinal environment, the experiments are performed with two peptide drugs, salmon calcitonin and desB30 insulin, in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid. Besides providing a comparison of the membrane interactions of the studied permeation enhancers, our results demonstrate that peptide drugs as well as intestinal-fluid components may substantially change the membrane activity of permeation enhancers. This highlights the importance of testing permeation enhancement in realistic physiological environments and carefully choosing a permeation enhancer for each individual peptide drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Wichmann Larsen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Serhii Kostrikov
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Borre Hansen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claudia Ulrich Hjørringgaard
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niels Bent Larsen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- DTU Health Tech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Eriksen AZ, Melander F, Eriksen GDM, Kempen PJ, Kjaer A, Andresen TL, Urquhart AJ. Active Transport and Ocular Distribution of Intravitreally Injected Liposomes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:20. [PMID: 37615641 PMCID: PMC10461645 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.8.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Drug delivery to the retina remains a challenge due to ocular barriers and fast clearing mechanisms. Nanocarrier drug delivery systems (NDDSs) hold the promise of prolonging intraocular retention times and increasing drug concentrations in the retina. Methods Anionic and cationic PEGylated liposomes, loaded with oxaliplatin (OxPt) to be used as trace element, were prepared from dry lipid powders. The differently charged liposomes were intravitreally injected in C57BL/6JrJ mice; eyes were harvested 2 hours and 24 hours post-injection. To investigate active transport mechanisms in the eye, a subset of mice were pre-injected with chloroquine before injection with cationic liposomes. Eyes were dissected and the distribution of OxPt in different tissues were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results Both liposome formulations enhanced the retention time of OxPt in the vitreous over free OxPt. Surprisingly, when formulated in cationic liposomes, OxPt translocated through the retina and accumulated in the RPE-sclera. Pre-injection with chloroquine inhibited the transport of liposomal OxPt from the vitreous to the RPE-sclera. Conclusions We show that liposomes can enhance the retention time of small molecular drugs in the vitreous and that active transport mechanisms are involved in the trans retinal transport of NDDS after intravitreal injections. Translational Relevance These results highlight the need for understanding the dynamics of ocular transport mechanisms in living eyes when designing NDDS with the back of the eye as the target. Active transport of nanocarriers through the retina will limit the drug concentration in the neuronal retina but might be exploited for targeting the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zebitz Eriksen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Paul Joseph Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- National Center for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Vujović M, Marcatili P, Chain B, Kaplinsky J, Andresen TL. Signatures of T cell immunity revealed using sequence similarity with TCRDivER algorithm. Commun Biol 2023; 6:357. [PMID: 37002292 PMCID: PMC10066310 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires have become important markers for monitoring disease or therapy progression. With the rise of immunotherapy usage in cancer, infectious and autoimmune disease, accurate assessment and comparison of the "state" of the TCR repertoire has become paramount. One important driver of change within the repertoire is T cell proliferation following immunisation. A way of monitoring this is by investigating large clones of individual T cells believed to bind epitopes connected to the disease. However, as a single target can be bound by many different TCRs, monitoring individual clones cannot fully account for T cell cross-reactivity. Moreover, T cells responding to the same target often exhibit higher sequence similarity, which highlights the importance of accounting for TCR similarity within the repertoire. This complexity of binding relationships between a TCR and its target convolutes comparison of immune responses between individuals or comparisons of TCR repertoires at different timepoints. Here we propose TCRDivER algorithm (T cell Receptor Diversity Estimates for Repertoires), a global method of T cell repertoire comparison using diversity profiles sensitive to both clone size and sequence similarity. This approach allowed for distinction between spleen TCR repertoires of immunised and non-immunised mice, showing the need for including both facets of repertoire changes simultaneously. The analysis revealed biologically interpretable relationships between sequence similarity and clonality. These aid in understanding differences and separation of repertoires stemming from different biological context. With the rise of availability of sequencing data we expect our tool to find broad usage in clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Vujović
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Paolo Marcatili
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Benny Chain
- UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Joseph Kaplinsky
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK.
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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5
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Hundahl AC, Weller A, Larsen JB, Hjørringgaard CU, Hansen MB, Mündler AK, Knuhtsen A, Kristensen K, Arnspang EC, Andresen TL, Mortensen KI, Marie R. Quantitative live-cell imaging of lipidated peptide transport through an epithelial cell layer. J Control Release 2023; 355:122-134. [PMID: 36724849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery increases patient compliance and is thus the preferred administration route for most drugs. However, for biologics the intestinal barrier greatly limits the absorption and reduces their bioavailability. One strategy employed to improve on this is chemical modification of the biologic through the addition of lipid side chains. While it has been established that lipidation of peptides can increase transport, a mechanistic understanding of this effect remains largely unexplored. To pursue this mechanistic understanding, end-point detection of biopharmaceuticals transported through a monolayer of fully polarized epithelial cells is typically used. However, these methods are time-consuming and tedious. Furthermore, most established methods cannot be combined easily with high-resolution live-cell fluorescence imaging that could provide a mechanistic insight into cellular uptake and transport. Here we address this challenge by developing an axial PSF deconvolution scheme to quantify the transport of peptides through a monolayer of Caco-2 cells using single-cell analysis with live-cell confocal fluorescence microscopy. We then measure the known cross-barrier transport of several compounds in our model and compare the results with results obtained in an established microfluidic model finding similar transport phenotypes. This verifies that already after two days the Caco-2 cells in our model form a tight monolayer and constitute a functional barrier model. We then apply this assay to investigate the effects of side chain lipidation of the model peptide drug salmon calcitonin (sCT) modified with 4‑carbon and 8‑carbon-long fatty acid chains. Furthermore, we compare that with experiments performed at lower temperature and using inhibitors for some endocytotic pathways to pinpoint how lipidation length modifies the main avenues for the transport. We thus show that increasing the length of the lipid chain increases the transport of the drug significantly but also makes endocytosis the primary transport mechanism in a short-term cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Coln Hundahl
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arjen Weller
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannik Bruun Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claudia U Hjørringgaard
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten B Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ann-Kathrin Mündler
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eva C Arnspang
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim I Mortensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rodolphe Marie
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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6
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Danielsen M, Kempen PJ, Andresen TL, Urquhart AJ. Formulation and characterization of insulin nanoclusters for a controlled release. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123658. [PMID: 36822285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in biopharmaceuticals combined with the challenges regarding formulation and delivery continues to encourage the development of new and improved formulations of this class of therapeutics. Nanoclusters (NCs) represent a type of formulation strategy where the biopharmaceutical is clustered in a reversible manner to function as both the therapeutic and the vehicle. In this study, insulin NCs (INCs) were formulated by a new methodology of first crosslinking proteins followed by desolvation. Crosslinking of the protein with the reducible DTSSP crosslinker improved control of the INC synthesis process to give INCs with a mean size of 198 ± 7 nm and a mean zeta potential of -39 ± 1 mV. Crosslinking and clustering of insulin did not induce cytotoxicity or major differences in the biological activity compared to the free unmodified protein. The potency of the crosslinked insulin and the INCs appeared slightly lower than that of the unmodified protein, and significantly higher doses of the INCs compared to the free protein were applied to achieve similar blood sugar lowering effects in vivo. Interestingly, the INCs allowed for high doses to be subcutaneously delivered with prolonged efficacy without being lethal in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Danielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Joseph Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew James Urquhart
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Jansman MMT, Coll-Satue C, Liu X, Kempen PJ, Andresen TL, Thulstrup PW, Hosta-Rigau L. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers camouflaged with membranes extracted from red blood cells: Optimization and assessment of functionality. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2022; 134:112691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Stavnsbjerg C, Jørgensen JS, Engel TB, Brus A, Ringgaard L, Hansen AE, Kjaer A, Andresen TL. Matrix effect in tumor lysates - Does it affect your cytokine ELISA and multiplex analyses? J Immunol Methods 2021; 500:113177. [PMID: 34756881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of cytokines in cancerous tissue is important for understanding basic tumor biology and for deciphering anti-cancer mechanisms in drug development. Cytokine measurements on protein-level are often done by immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) and multiplex assays. However, immunoassays are prone to interference due to the presence of perturbing factors. The sum of these factors is known as the matrix effect, which results in a deviation of the measured cytokine concentration from the actual concentration. In this study, we demonstrated that matrix effects are present in tumor lysates from 11 different syngeneic murine tumors and that it can greatly affect cytokine measurements in ELISAs and multiplex assays. Dilution of tumor lysates and careful selection of lysis buffer components may decrease matrix effects. However, matrix effects are still present, and care should be taken when analyzing cytokine measurements of tumor lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Stavnsbjerg
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Solgaard Jørgensen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trine Bjørnbo Engel
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Brus
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Ringgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Elias Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Björgvinsdóttir UJ, Carstensen LS, Colliander A, Jæhger DE, Veiga GC, Halldórsdóttir HR, Jørgensen MS, Christensen E, Vangsgaard S, Koukos A, Bak M, Kempen P, Andresen TL. 771 Novel lipid nanoparticle vaccine platform for efficient delivery of high- and low-affinity epitopes. J Immunother Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTherapeutic cancer vaccines represent an intriguing approach to cancer immunotherapy and they have been widely explored for the last decade. As opposed to standard modalities, such as surgery and chemotherapy, an effective vaccine-based immune response may provide protection against metastatic disease. Peptide based vaccines can elicit a highly targeted immune response and include a simple, fast and cost-effective production due to recent developments in solid phase peptide synthesis. Recent development within the field of COVID-19 vaccines has highlighted the use of lipid nanoparticles as an effective drug delivery system for vaccination. Incorporation of peptide antigens into engineered micro- and nanoparticles enables induction of a potent T cell response, partly attributed to prolonged and improved antigen presentation by dendritic cells after particle internalization. Peptide-based vaccines are often based on delivery of high-affinity T cell model epitopes. However, the therapeutic relevance of vaccination with low-affinity epitopes is gaining increasing support following the observation that high-affinity epitopes can promote T cell exhaustion resulting from excessive T cell receptor stimulation. Here, we characterize and evaluate a novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine platform that is suited for delivery of both high- and low-affinity epitopes in the setting of therapeutic cancer vaccination.MethodsLNPs were formulated to carry high- or low-affinity peptide epitopes from Ovalbumin (OVA) in conjunction with the TLR7 agonist 1V270. The peptides were anchored to the surface of the LNPs via a reducible DSPE-PEG2000 linker system. The therapeutic vaccine platform was evaluated in vivo both as a monotherapy and in combination with adoptive transfer of OT-I T cells in the syngeneic B16-OVA murine melanoma model.ResultsThe LNP vaccine promotes efficient antigen-release and ensures high, continuous antigen-presentation by antigen-presenting cells. While the LNPs can be administered via multiple routes, intratumoral vaccination favors enhanced particle uptake in dendritic cells in the tumor. Formulated with either high- or low-affinity epitopes, intratumorally delivered vaccine particles promote superior tumor-infiltration of adoptively transferred T cells, which translates into potent anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Finally, we show that vaccination with both CD8+ and CD4+ epitopes can delay tumor growth and prolong survival in an antigen-dependent manner.ConclusionsThis study presents a versatile and multi-purpose LNP vaccine platform that ensures effective delivery of high- and low-affinity epitopes. Intratumoral administration promotes vaccine particle uptake by intratumoral dendritic cells, which is followed by T cell infiltration and anti-tumor efficacy in vivo.Ethics ApprovalAll animal procedures were approved by the Danish National Animal Experiments Inspectorate.
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10
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Larsen JB, Taebnia N, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Eriksen AZ, Hjørringgaard C, Kristensen K, Larsen NW, Larsen NB, Marie R, Mündler AK, Parhamifar L, Urquhart AJ, Weller A, Mortensen KI, Flyvbjerg H, Andresen TL. Imaging therapeutic peptide transport across intestinal barriers. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1115-1143. [PMID: 34458827 PMCID: PMC8341777 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery is a highly preferred method for drug administration due to high patient compliance. However, oral administration is intrinsically challenging for pharmacologically interesting drug classes, in particular pharmaceutical peptides, due to the biological barriers associated with the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we start by summarizing the pharmacological performance of several clinically relevant orally administrated therapeutic peptides, highlighting their low bioavailabilities. Thus, there is a strong need to increase the transport of peptide drugs across the intestinal barrier to realize future treatment needs and further development in the field. Currently, progress is hampered by a lack of understanding of transport mechanisms that govern intestinal absorption and transport of peptide drugs, including the effects of the permeability enhancers commonly used to mediate uptake. We describe how, for the past decades, mechanistic insights have predominantly been gained using functional assays with end-point read-out capabilities, which only allow indirect study of peptide transport mechanisms. We then focus on fluorescence imaging that, on the other hand, provides opportunities to directly visualize and thus follow peptide transport at high spatiotemporal resolution. Consequently, it may provide new and detailed mechanistic understanding of the interplay between the physicochemical properties of peptides and cellular processes; an interplay that determines the efficiency of transport. We review current methodology and state of the art in the field of fluorescence imaging to study intestinal barrier transport of peptides, and provide a comprehensive overview of the imaging-compatible in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo platforms that currently are being developed to accelerate this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Bruun Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anne Zebitz Eriksen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Claudia Hjørringgaard
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kasper Kristensen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Nanna Wichmann Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Niels Bent Larsen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Rodolphe Marie
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ann-Kathrin Mündler
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ladan Parhamifar
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Andrew James Urquhart
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Arjen Weller
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kim I Mortensen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyvbjerg
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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11
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Olsman M, Sereti V, Mühlenpfordt M, Johnsen KB, Andresen TL, Urquhart AJ, Davies CDL. Focused Ultrasound and Microbubble Treatment Increases Delivery of Transferrin Receptor-Targeting Liposomes to the Brain. Ultrasound Med Biol 2021; 47:1343-1355. [PMID: 33608142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to treating several brain disorders. Focused ultrasound (FUS) in combination with intravascular microbubbles increases BBB permeability by opening tight junctions, creating endothelial cell openings, improving endocytosis and increasing transcytosis. Here we investigated whether combining FUS and microbubbles with transferrin receptor-targeting liposomes would result in enhanced delivery to the brain of post-natal rats compared with liposomes lacking the BBB-targeting moiety. For all animals, increased BBB permeability was observed after FUS treatment. A 40% increase in accumulation of transferrin receptor-targeting liposomes was observed in the FUS-treated hemisphere, whereas the isotype immunoglobulin G liposomes showed no increased accumulation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of brain sections revealed that both types of liposomes were mainly observed in endothelial cells in the FUS-treated hemisphere. The results demonstrate that FUS and microbubble treatment combined with BBB-targeting liposomes could be a promising approach to enhance drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Olsman
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Viktoria Sereti
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Melina Mühlenpfordt
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew James Urquhart
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Toftdal MS, Taebnia N, Kadumudi FB, Andresen TL, Frogne T, Winkel L, Grunnet LG, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. Oxygen releasing hydrogels for beta cell assisted therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120595. [PMID: 33892060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious chronic disease, which globally affects more than 400 million patients. Beta cell therapy has potential to serve as an effective cure to type 1 diabetes and several studies have already shown promising results in this regard. One of the major obstacles in cell therapy, however, is the hypoxic environment that therapeutic cells are subjected to immediately after the transplantation. In this study, a new approach is presented, based on hydrogels composed of thiolated hyaluronic acid (tHA), 8-arm-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Acrylate (PEGA), and calcium peroxide (CPO) as an oxygen releasing system. Hydrogels containing 0, 7.5, and 30% CPO were prepared, and the presence of CPO was confirmed via FTIR and Alizarin Red within the network. Oxygen release kinetics were monitored over time, and the results revealed that the hydrogels containing 30% CPO could release oxygen for at least 30 h. All three combinations were found to be injectable and suitable for beta cell therapy based on their mechanical and rheological properties. Additionally, to investigate the functionality of the system, insulin secreting INS-1E reporter cell clusters were encapsulated, and their viability was evaluated, which showed that CPO incorporation enhanced cell survival for at least three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Steen Toftdal
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Stem Cell Delivery & Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Nayere Taebnia
- Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Firoz Babu Kadumudi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frogne
- Department of Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Louise Winkel
- Department of Stem Cell Delivery & Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Lars Groth Grunnet
- Department of Stem Cell Delivery & Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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13
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Andresen TL, Larsen JB. Compositional inhomogeneity of drug delivery liposomes quantified at the single liposome level. Acta Biomater 2020; 118:207-214. [PMID: 33065286 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are the most used drug delivery vehicle and their therapeutic function is closely linked to their lipid composition. Since most liposome characterization is done using bulk techniques, providing only ensemble averages, the lipid composition of all liposomes within the same formulation are typically assumed to be identical. Here we image individual liposomes using confocal microscopy to quantify that liposomal drug delivery formulations, including multiple component mixtures mimicking Doxil, display more than 10-fold variation in their relative lipid composition. Since liposome function is tightly regulated by the physicochemical properties bestowed by the lipid composition, such significant variations could render only a fraction of liposomes therapeutically active. Additionally, we quantified how this degree of compositional inhomogeneity was modulated by liposome preparation method, the saturation state of the membrane lipid, and whether anti-fouling polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated lipids were added to the initial lipid mix or inserted after liposome formation. We believe the insights into the factors governing the degree of inhomogeneity offers the possibility for producing more uniform liposomal drug delivery systems, potentially increasing their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jannik Bruun Larsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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14
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Jansman MMT, Liu X, Kempen P, Clergeaud G, Andresen TL, Thulstrup PW, Hosta-Rigau L. Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers Incorporating Nanozymes for the Depletion of Reactive Oxygen Species. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:50275-50286. [PMID: 33124811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While transfusion of donor blood is a reasonably safe and well-established procedure, artificial oxygen carriers offer several advantages over blood transfusions. These benefits include compatibility with all blood types, thus avoiding the need for cross matching, availability, lack of infection, and long-term storage. Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are being explored as an "oxygen bridge" to replace or complement standard blood transfusions in extreme, life-threatening situations such as trauma in remote locations or austere battlefield or when blood is not an option due to compatibility issues or patient refusal due to religious objections. Herein, a novel HBOC was prepared using the layer-by-layer technique. A poly(lactide-co-glycolide) core was fabricated and subsequently decorated with Hb and nanozymes. The Hb was coated with poly(dopamine), and preservation of the protein structure and functionality was demonstrated. Next, cerium oxide nanoparticles were incorporated as nanozymes, and their ability to deplete reactive oxygen species (ROS) was shown. Finally, decorating the nanocarrier surface with poly(ethylene glycol) decreased protein adsorption and cell association/uptake. The as-prepared Hb-based oxygen nanocarriers were shown to be hemo- and bio-compatible. Their catalytic potential was furthermore demonstrated in terms of superoxide radical- and peroxide-scavenging abilities, which were retained over multiple cycles. Overall, these results demonstrate that the reported nanocarriers show potential as novel oxygen delivery systems with prolonged catalytic activity against ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Maria Theresia Jansman
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Kempen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gael Clergeaud
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Børresen B, Hansen AE, Fliedner FP, Henriksen JR, Elema DR, Brandt-Larsen M, Kristensen LK, Kristensen AT, Andresen TL, Kjær A. Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect by 64Cu-Liposomes: In vivo Correlations with 68Ga-RGD, Fluid Pressure, Diffusivity and 18F-FDG. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8571-8581. [PMID: 33173294 PMCID: PMC7646401 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s239172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accumulation of liposome encapsulated chemotherapy in solid cancers is dependent on the presence of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a liposome encapsulated radioisotope, such as liposome encapsulated Cu-64 (64Cu-liposome) may help to identify tumors with high liposome accumulation, and thereby stratify patients based on expected benefit from liposomal chemotherapy. However, intravenous administration of liposomes without a cytotoxic content is complicated by the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon for succeeding therapeutic liposome dosing. Alternative markers for assessing the tumor’s EPR level are therefore warranted. Materials and Methods To increase our understanding of EPR variations and to ultimately identify an alternative marker for the EPR effect, we investigated the correlation between 64Cu-liposome PET/CT (EPR effect) and 68Ga-RGD PET/CT (neoangiogenesis), 18F-FDG PET/CT (glycolysis), diffusion-weighted MRI (diffusivity) and interstitial fluid pressure in two experimental cancer models (CT26 and COLO 205). Results 64Cu-liposome and 68Ga-RGD SUVmax displayed a significant moderate correlation, however, none of the other parameters evaluated displayed significant correlations. These results indicate that differences in neoangiogenesis may explain some EPR variability, however, as correlations were only moderate and not observed for SUVmean, 68Ga-RGD is probably insufficient to serve as a stand-alone surrogate marker for quantifying the EPR effect and stratifying patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - Anders Elias Hansen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Petrine Fliedner
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Jonas Rosager Henriksen
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Dennis Ringkjøbing Elema
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Lotte Kellemann Kristensen
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark.,Minerva Imaging, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Thuri Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.,Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark.,DTU Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark.,Minerva Imaging, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Kgs 2800, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
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16
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Hempel C, Kapishnikov S, Perez‐Berna AJ, Werner S, Guttmann P, Pereiro E, Qvortrup K, Andresen TL. Cover Image. Microcirculation 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Olesen UH, Clergeaud G, Hendel KK, Yeung K, Lerche CM, Andresen TL, Haedersdal M. Enhanced and Sustained Cutaneous Delivery of Vismodegib by Ablative Fractional Laser and Microemulsion Formulation. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2051-2059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Hübbe ML, Jæhger DE, Andresen TL, Andersen MH. Leveraging Endogenous Dendritic Cells to Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Adoptive T-Cell Therapy and Checkpoint Blockade. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578349. [PMID: 33101304 PMCID: PMC7546347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), based on treatment with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)-derived or genetically modified chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has become a potentially curative therapy for subgroups of patients with melanoma and hematological malignancies. To further improve response rates, and to broaden the applicability of ACT to more types of solid malignancies, it is necessary to explore and define strategies that can be used as adjuvant treatments to ACT. Stimulation of endogenous dendritic cells (DCs) alongside ACT can be used to promote epitope spreading and thereby decrease the risk of tumor escape due to target antigen downregulation, which is a common cause of disease relapse in initially responsive ACT treated patients. Addition of checkpoint blockade to ACT and DC stimulation might further enhance response rates by counteracting an eventual inactivation of infused and endogenously primed tumor-reactive T cells. This review will outline and discuss therapeutic strategies that can be utilized to engage endogenous DCs alongside ACT and checkpoint blockade, to strengthen the anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Linder Hübbe
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Elisabeth Jæhger
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Clausen AS, Østergaard DE, Holmberg P, Henriksen JR, Tham J, Damborg PP, Jensen AI, Kjaer A, Hansen AE, Andresen TL. Quantitative determination of 64Cu-liposome accumulation at inflammatory and infectious sites: Potential for future theranostic system. J Control Release 2020; 327:737-746. [PMID: 32920081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Skovsbo Clausen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniella Elisabet Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petter Holmberg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Infection Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Ruth Lundskogs gata 3, SE-214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Rosager Henriksen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelundsvej 1, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Johan Tham
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Infection Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Ruth Lundskogs gata 3, SE-214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Panduro Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Bülowsvej 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas I Jensen
- Department of Health Technology, The Hevesy Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anders Elias Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelundsvej 1, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelundsvej 1, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Ringgaard L, Melander F, Eliasen R, Henriksen JR, Jølck RI, Engel TB, Bak M, Fliedner FP, Kristensen K, Elema DR, Kjaer A, Hansen AE, Andresen TL. Tumor repolarization by an advanced liposomal drug delivery system provides a potent new approach for chemo-immunotherapy. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/36/eaba5628. [PMID: 32917608 PMCID: PMC7473747 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment allow cancer cells to escape immune recognition and support cancer progression and dissemination. To improve therapeutic efficacy, we designed a liposomal oxaliplatin formulation (PCL8-U75) that elicits cytotoxic effects toward both cancer and immunosuppressive cells via protease-mediated, intratumoral liposome activation. The PCL8-U75 liposomes displayed superior therapeutic efficacy across all syngeneic cancer models in comparison to free-drug and liposomal controls. The PCL8-U75 depleted myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. The combination of improved cancer cell cytotoxicity and depletion of immunosuppressive populations of immune cells is attractive for combination with immune-activating therapy. Combining the PCL8-U75 liposomes with a TLR7 agonist induced immunological rejection of established tumors. This combination therapy increased intratumoral numbers of cancer antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells and Foxp3- T helper cells. These results are encouraging toward advancing liposomal drug delivery systems with anticancer and immune-modulating properties into clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ringgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - F Melander
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R Eliasen
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J R Henriksen
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R I Jølck
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T B Engel
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Bak
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - F P Fliedner
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Kristensen
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - D R Elema
- The Hevesy Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - A Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A E Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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21
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Vujovic M, Degn KF, Marin FI, Schaap-Johansen AL, Chain B, Andresen TL, Kaplinsky J, Marcatili P. T cell receptor sequence clustering and antigen specificity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2166-2173. [PMID: 32952933 PMCID: PMC7473833 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the role of T cells and their involvement in cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the nature of T cell receptor (TCR) epitope recognition at a repertoire level is not yet fully understood. Due to technological advances a plethora of TCR sequences from a variety of disease and treatment settings has become readily available. Current efforts in TCR specificity analysis focus on identifying characteristics in immune repertoires which can explain or predict disease outcome or progression, or can be used to monitor the efficacy of disease therapy. In this context, clustering of TCRs by sequence to reflect biological similarity, and especially to reflect antigen specificity have become of paramount importance. We review the main TCR sequence clustering methods and the different similarity measures they use, and discuss their performance and possible improvement. We aim to provide guidance for non-specialists who wish to use TCR repertoire sequencing for disease tracking, patient stratification or therapy prediction, and to provide a starting point for those aiming to develop novel techniques for TCR annotation through clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Vujovic
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristine Fredlund Degn
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Isa Marin
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna-Lisa Schaap-Johansen
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Benny Chain
- UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Wing 3.2, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joseph Kaplinsky
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Marcatili
- DTU HealthTech, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Hempel C, Kapishnikov S, Perez-Berna AJ, Werner S, Guttmann P, Pereiro E, Qvortrup K, Andresen TL. The need to freeze-Dehydration during specimen preparation for electron microscopy collapses the endothelial glycocalyx regardless of fixation method. Microcirculation 2020; 27:e12643. [PMID: 32542908 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endothelial glycocalyx covers the luminal surface of the endothelium and plays key roles in vascular function. Despite its biological importance, ideal visualization techniques are lacking. The current study aimed to improve the preservation and subsequent imaging quality of the endothelial glycocalyx. METHODS In mice, the endothelial glycocalyx was contrasted with a mixture of lanthanum and dysprosium (LaDy). Standard chemical fixation was compared with high-pressure frozen specimens processed with freeze substitution. Also, isolated brain microvessels and cultured endothelial cells were high-pressure frozen and by transmission soft x-rays, imaged under cryogenic conditions. RESULTS The endothelial glycocalyx was in some tissues significantly more voluminous from chemically fixed specimens compared with high-pressure frozen specimens. LaDy labeling introduced excessive absorption contrast, which impeded glycocalyx measurements in isolated brain microvessels when using transmission soft x-rays. In non-contrasted vessels, the glycocalyx was not resolved. LaDy-contrasted, cultured brain endothelial cells allowed to assess glycocalyx volume in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Both chemical and cryogenic fixation followed by dehydration lead to substantial collapse of the glycocalyx. Cryogenic fixation without freeze substitution could be a way forward although transmission soft x-ray tomography based solely on amplitude contrast seems unsuitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Hempel
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department for Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Kapishnikov
- Department X-Ray microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stephan Werner
- Department X-Ray microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Department X-Ray microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Pereiro
- MISTRAL Beamline-Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy (CFIM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Gudbergsson JM, Christensen E, Kostrikov S, Moos T, Duroux M, Kjær A, Johnsen KB, Andresen TL. Conventional Treatment of Glioblastoma Reveals Persistent CD44 + Subpopulations. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3943-3955. [PMID: 32632605 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and devastating primary tumor of the central nervous system with a median survival of 12 to 15 months after diagnosis. GBM is highly difficult to treat due to its delicate location, inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and high plasticity in response to treatment. In this study, we intracranially implanted primary GBM cells into mice which underwent conventional GBM treatments, including irradiation, temozolomide, and a combination. We obtained single cell suspensions through a combination of mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of brain tissue and investigated in detail the changes in GBM cells in response to conventional treatments in vivo using multi-color flow cytometry and cluster analysis. CD44 expression was elevated in all treatment groups, which was confirmed by subsequent immunohistochemistry. High CD44 expression was furthermore shown to correlate with poor prognosis of GBM and low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. Together, these results indicate a key role for CD44 in glioma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Mar Gudbergsson
- Neurobiology Research & Drug Delivery, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark. .,Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Esben Christensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Serhii Kostrikov
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Neurobiology Research & Drug Delivery, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Meg Duroux
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Münter R, Andresen TL, Larsen JB. A Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy-based Single Liposome Assay for Detecting the Compositional Inhomogeneity Between Individual Liposomes. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31885379 DOI: 10.3791/60538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research employing liposomes as membrane model systems or drug delivery carriers relies on bulk read-out techniques and thus intrinsically assumes all liposomes of the ensemble to be identical. However, new experimental platforms able to observe liposomes at the single-particle level have made it possible to perform highly sophisticated and quantitative studies on protein-membrane interactions or drug carrier properties on individual liposomes, thus avoiding errors from ensemble averaging. Here we present a protocol for preparing, detecting, and analyzing single liposomes using a fluorescence-based microscopy assay, facilitating such single-particle measurements. The setup allows for imaging individual liposomes in a massive parallel manner and is employed to reveal intra-sample size and compositional inhomogeneities. Additionally, the protocol describes the advantages of studying liposomes at the single liposome level, the limitations of the assay, and the important features to be considered when modifying it to study other research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Münter
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark
| | - Jannik Bruun Larsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark; Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark;
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25
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Johnsen KB, Burkhart A, Thomsen LB, Andresen TL, Moos T. Targeting the transferrin receptor for brain drug delivery. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 181:101665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Johnsen KB, Bak M, Melander F, Thomsen MS, Burkhart A, Kempen PJ, Andresen TL, Moos T. Modulating the antibody density changes the uptake and transport at the blood-brain barrier of both transferrin receptor-targeted gold nanoparticles and liposomal cargo. J Control Release 2019; 295:237-249. [PMID: 30633947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transport of the majority of therapeutic molecules to the brain is precluded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) rendering efficient treatment of many neurological disorders impossible. This BBB, nonetheless, may be circumvented by targeting receptors and transport proteins expressed on the luminal surface of the brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). The transferrin receptor (TfR) has remained a popular target since its original description for this purpose, although clinical progression of TfR-targeted drug constructs or nanomedicines remains unsuccessful. One proposed issue pertaining to the use of TfR-targeting in nanomedicines is the efficient tuning of the ligand density on the nanoparticle surface. We studied the impact of TfR antibody density on the uptake and transport of nanoparticles into the brain, taking a parallel approach to investigate the impact on both antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cargo-loaded liposomes. We report that among three different low-range mean ligand densities (0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 ∗ 103 antibodies/μm2), the highest density yielded the highest ability towards both targeting of the BCECs and subsequent transport across the BBB in vivo, and in vitro using primary cultures of the murine BBB. We also find that TfR-targeting on liposomes in the mouse may induce severe adverse effects after intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Maj Schneider Thomsen
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Annette Burkhart
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paul Joseph Kempen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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27
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Münter R, Kristensen K, Pedersbæk D, Larsen JB, Simonsen JB, Andresen TL. Dissociation of fluorescently labeled lipids from liposomes in biological environments challenges the interpretation of uptake studies. Nanoscale 2018; 10:22720-22724. [PMID: 30488936 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Within nanomedicine, liposomes are investigated for their ability to deliver drug cargoes specifically into subcellular compartments of target cells. Such studies are often based on flow cytometry or microscopy, where researchers rely on fluorescently labeled lipids (FLLs) incorporated into the liposomal membrane to determine the localization of the liposomes within cells. These studies assume that the FLLs stay embedded in the liposomal membrane throughout the duration of the experiment. Here, we used size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to investigate the validity of this assumption by quantitatively determining the propensity of various widely used FLLs to dissociate from liposomes during incubation in human plasma. For certain commonly used off-the-shelf FLLs, up to 75% of the dye dissociated from the liposomes, while others dissociated less than 10%. To investigate the implications of this finding, we measured the peripheral blood leukocyte uptake of liposomes formulated with different FLLs using flow cytometry, and observed a significant difference in uptake correlating with the FLL's dissociation tendencies. Consequently, the choice of FLL can dramatically influence the conclusions drawn from liposome uptake and localization studies due to uptake of dissociated FLLs. The varying dissociation propensities for the FLLs were not reflected when incubating in buffer, showing that non-biological environments are unsuitable to mimic liposomal stability in a drug delivery context. Overall, our findings suggest that it is crucial for researchers to evaluate the stability of their FLL-labeled liposomes in biological environments, and the simplicity of the SEC assay put forward here makes it very applicable for the purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Münter
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology (DTU Nanotech), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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28
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de Blanck SR, Rydhög JS, Larsen KR, Clementsen PF, Josipovic M, Aznar MC, Af Rosenschöld PM, Jølck RI, Specht L, Andresen TL, Persson GF. Long term safety and visibility of a novel liquid fiducial marker for use in image guided radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:24-28. [PMID: 30258990 PMCID: PMC6154396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety and clinical feasibility of injecting a novel liquid fiducial marker for use in image guided radiotherapy in 15 patients with non-small cell lung cancer are reported. No major safety or toxicity issues were encountered. Markers present at start of radiotherapy remained visible in cone beam computed tomography and fluoroscopy images throughout the treatment course and on computed tomography images during follow-up (0-38 months). Marker volume reduction was seen until 9 months after treatment, after which no further marker breakdown was found. No post-treatment migration or marker related complications were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Riisgaard de Blanck
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Scherman Rydhög
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Richter Larsen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 København, NV, Denmark
| | - Paul Frost Clementsen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte University Hospital and Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirjana Josipovic
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Camille Aznar
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Munck Af Rosenschöld
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Irming Jølck
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro-and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345E, Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Nanovi Radiotherapy A/S, Diplomvej 373N, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro-and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345E, Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gitte Fredberg Persson
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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de Blanck SR, Scherman-Rydhög J, Siemsen M, Christensen M, Baeksgaard L, Irming Jølck R, Specht L, Andresen TL, Persson GF. Feasibility of a novel liquid fiducial marker for use in image guided radiotherapy of oesophageal cancer. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20180236. [PMID: 29975152 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of a new liquid fiducial marker for use in image-guided radiotherapy for oesophageal cancer. METHODS: Liquid fiducial markers were implanted in patients with metastatic or inoperable locally advanced oesophageal or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer receiving radiotherapy. Markers were implanted using a conventional gastroscope equipped with a 22 G Wang needle. Marker visibility was evaluated on fluoroscopy, CT, MRI and cone beam CT scans. RESULTS: Liquid markers (n = 16) were injected in four patients. No Grade 2 or worse adverse events were observed in relation to the implantation procedure, during treatment or in the follow-up period. 12/16 (75%) markers were available at the planning CT-scan and throughout the treatment- and follow-up period. The implanted markers were adequately visible in CT and cone beam CT but were difficult to distinguish in fluoroscopy and MRI without information from the corresponding CT image. CONCLUSION: Liquid fiducial marker placement in the oesophagus proved safe and clinically feasible. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This paper presents the first clinical use of a new liquid fiducial marker in patients with oesophageal cancer and demonstrates that marker implantation using standard gastroscopic equipment and subsequent use in three-dimensional image-guided radiation therapy is safe and clinically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Riisgaard de Blanck
- 1Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonas Scherman-Rydhög
- 2Department of Physics, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,3 Department of Radiation Physics, Skane University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Mette Siemsen
- 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Merete Christensen
- 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lene Baeksgaard
- 1Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rasmus Irming Jølck
- 5 DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro-and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.,6 Nanovi A/S, DTU Scion , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- 1Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- 5 DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro-and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Gitte Fredberg Persson
- 1Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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30
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Johnsen KB, Bak M, Kempen PJ, Melander F, Burkhart A, Thomsen MS, Nielsen MS, Moos T, Andresen TL. Antibody affinity and valency impact brain uptake of transferrin receptor-targeted gold nanoparticles. Theranostics 2018; 8:3416-3436. [PMID: 29930740 PMCID: PMC6010987 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The ability to treat invalidating neurological diseases is impeded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which inhibits the transport of most blood-borne substances into the brain parenchyma. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) on the surface of brain capillaries has been a popular strategy to give a preferential accumulation of drugs or nanomedicines, but several aspects of this targeting strategy remain elusive. Here we report that TfR-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can accumulate in brain capillaries and further transport across the BBB to enter the brain parenchyma. Methods: We characterized our targeting strategy both in vitro using primary models of the BBB and in vivo using quantitative measurements of gold accumulation by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry together with morphological assessments using light microscopy after silver enhancement and transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results: We find that the uptake capacity is significantly modulated by the affinity and valency of the AuNP-conjugated antibodies. Specifically, antibodies with high and low affinities mediate a low and intermediate uptake of AuNPs into the brain, respectively, whereas a monovalent (bi-specific) antibody improves the uptake capacity remarkably. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that monovalent ligands may be beneficial for obtaining transcytosis of TfR-targeted nanomedicines across the BBB, which is relevant for future design of nanomedicines for brain drug delivery.
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31
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Hansen AE, Fliedner FP, Henriksen JR, Jørgensen JT, Clemmensen AE, Børresen B, Elema DR, Kjær A, Andresen TL. Liposome accumulation in irradiated tumors display important tumor and dose dependent differences. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2018; 14:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Immunotherapy by sublingual administration of allergens provides high patient compliance and has emerged as an alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of IgE-associated allergic diseases. However, sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) can cause adverse events. Development of allergen delivery systems enabling more efficient delivery and hence lower allergen load might reduce the adverse events. In the present study, we have investigated neutral and cationic liposomes as delivery systems of ovalbumin (OVA), as a model allergen, in an OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation model. We investigated the liposome carriers' ability to improve tolerance induction of antigens compared to the corresponding dose of free OVA. Mice were treated sublingually over 2 weeks with free or liposome encapsulated OVA followed by intraperitoneal injections and intranasal challenge. Mice sublingually treated with OVA-liposomes showed a significant reduction of airway eosinophilia and splenocyte proliferation in comparison to free OVA. A similar nonsignificant pattern was seen for OVA-specific IgE antibodies. In addition, reduced levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-5 were observed in spleen cell culture supernatants from OVA-liposome-treated mice compared to the sham-treated group. In conclusion, in vivo efficacy data showed that prophylactic SLIT with OVA-liposomes is significantly more effective in preventing allergic inflammation than the corresponding dose of free OVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Have Aliu
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark.,Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carola Rask
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm
| | - Jens Brimnes
- Immunology Department, In vivo Biology Team, ALK Abelló A/S, Hørsholm
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark.,Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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33
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Johnsen KB, Gudbergsson JM, Duroux M, Moos T, Andresen TL, Simonsen JB. On the use of liposome controls in studies investigating the clinical potential of extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems - A commentary. J Control Release 2017; 269:10-14. [PMID: 29126999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicle (EV)-based drug delivery systems has evolved significantly through the recent years, and numerous studies suggest that these endogenous nanoparticles can function as efficient drug delivery vehicles in a variety of diseases. Many characteristics of these EV-based drug delivery vehicles suggest them to be superior at residing in the systemic circulation and possibly at mediating therapeutic effects compared to synthetic drug delivery vehicles, e.g. liposomes. In this Commentary, we discuss how some currently published head-to-head comparisons of EVs versus liposomes are weakened by the inadequate choice of liposomal formulation, and encourage researchers to implement better controls to show any potential superiority of EVs over other synthetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Johann Mar Gudbergsson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Meg Duroux
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jens Bæk Simonsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
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34
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Børresen B, Hansen AE, Kjaer A, Andresen TL, Kristensen AT. Liposome-encapsulated chemotherapy: Current evidence for its use in companion animals. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E1-E15. [PMID: 29027350 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic drugs encapsulated into liposomes were originally designed to increase the anticancer response, while minimizing off-target adverse effects. The first liposomal chemotherapeutic drug was approved for use in humans more than 20 years ago, and the first publication regarding its use in a canine cancer patient was published shortly thereafter. Regardless, no general application for liposomal cytotoxic drugs has been established in veterinary oncology till now. Due to the popularity of canines as experimental models for pharmacokinetic analyses and toxicity studies, multiple publications exist describing various liposomal drugs in healthy dogs. Also, some evidence for its use in veterinary cancer patients exists, especially in canine lymphoma, canine splenic hemangiosarcoma and feline soft tissue sarcoma, however, the results have not been overwhelming. Reasons for this may be related to inherent issues with the enhanced permeability and retention effect, the tumour phenomenon which liposomal drugs exploit. This effect seems very heterogeneously distributed in the tumour. Also, it is potentially not as ubiquitously occurring as once thought, and it may prove important to select patients for liposomal therapy on an individual, non-histology-oriented, basis. Concurrently, new developments with active-release modified liposomes in experimental models and humans will likely be relevant for veterinary patients as well, and holds the potential to improve the therapeutic response. It, however, does not resolve the other challenges that liposomal chemotherapy faces, and more work still needs to be done to determine which veterinary patients may benefit the most from liposomal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Børresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A E Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A Kjaer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - T L Andresen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Johnsen KB, Burkhart A, Melander F, Kempen PJ, Vejlebo JB, Siupka P, Nielsen MS, Andresen TL, Moos T. Targeting transferrin receptors at the blood-brain barrier improves the uptake of immunoliposomes and subsequent cargo transport into the brain parenchyma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10396. [PMID: 28871203 PMCID: PMC5583399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the brain is hampered by the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which excludes most molecules from freely diffusing into the brain, and tightly regulates the active transport mechanisms that ensure sufficient delivery of nutrients to the brain parenchyma. Harnessing the possibility of delivering neuroactive drugs by way of receptors already present on the brain endothelium has been of interest for many years. The transferrin receptor is of special interest since its expression is limited to the endothelium of the brain as opposed to peripheral endothelium. Here, we investigate the possibility of delivering immunoliposomes and their encapsulated cargo to the brain via targeting of the transferrin receptor. We find that transferrin receptor-targeting increases the association between the immunoliposomes and primary endothelial cells in vitro, but that this does not correlate with increased cargo transcytosis. Furthermore, we show that the transferrin receptor-targeted immunoliposomes accumulate along the microvessels of the brains of rats, but find no evidence for transcytosis of the immunoliposome. Conversely, the increased accumulation correlated both with increased cargo uptake in the brain endothelium and subsequent cargo transport into the brain. These findings suggest that transferrin receptor-targeting is a relevant strategy of increasing drug exposure to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Annette Burkhart
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Melander
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Joseph Kempen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bruun Vejlebo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Piotr Siupka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Østrem RG, Parhamifar L, Pourhassan H, Clergeaud G, Nielsen OL, Kjær A, Hansen AE, Andresen TL. Secretory phospholipase A 2 responsive liposomes exhibit a potent anti-neoplastic effect in vitro, but induce unforeseen severe toxicity in vivo. J Control Release 2017; 262:212-221. [PMID: 28754610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of liposomal drug delivery vehicles is often hindered by insufficient drug release. Here we present the rational design of liposomes optimized for secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) triggered drug release, and test their utility in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that by adjusting the level of cholesterol in anionic, unsaturated liposomes we could tune the enzyme specificity based on membrane fluidity, thus obtaining liposomes with an improved therapeutic outcome and reduced side effects. Cholesterol is generally important as a component in the membranes of liposome drug delivery systems due to its stabilizing effects in vivo. The incorporation of cholesterol in sPLA2 sensitive liposomes has not previously been possible due to reduced sPLA2 activity. However, in the present work we solved this challenge by optimizing membrane fluidity. In vitro release studies revealed enzyme specific drug release. Treatment of two different cancer cell lines with liposomal oxaliplatin revealed efficient growth inhibition compared to that of clinically used stealth liposomes. The in vivo therapeutic effect was evaluated in nude NMRI mice using the sPLA2 secreting mammary carcinoma cell line MT-3. Three days after first treatment all mice having received the novel sPLA2 sensitive liposome formulation were euthanized due to severe systemic toxicity. Thus the present study demonstrates that great caution should be implemented when utilizing sPLA2 sensitive liposomes and that the real utility can only be disclosed in vivo. The present studies have clinical implications, as sPLA2 sensitive formulations are currently undergoing clinical trials (LiPlaCis®).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhild Garborg Østrem
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ladan Parhamifar
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Houman Pourhassan
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gael Clergeaud
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Lerberg Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anders Elias Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Produktionstorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Burkhart A, Andresen TL, Aigner A, Thomsen LB, Moos T. Transfection of primary brain capillary endothelial cells for protein synthesis and secretion of recombinant erythropoietin: a strategy to enable protein delivery to the brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2467-2485. [PMID: 28293718 PMCID: PMC11107693 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS) is complicated by the inability of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Non-viral gene therapy applied to brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) denotes a novel approach to overcome the restraints in this passage, as turning BCECs into recombinant protein factories by transfection could result in protein secretion further into the brain. The present study aims to investigate the possibility of transfecting primary rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) for recombinant protein synthesis and secretion of the neuroprotective protein erythropoietin (EPO). We previously showed that 4% of RBECs with BBB properties can be transfected without disrupting the BBB integrity in vitro, but it can be questioned whether this is sufficient to enable protein secretion at therapeutic levels. The present study examined various transfection vectors, with regard to increasing the transfection efficiency without disrupting the BBB integrity. Lipofectamine 3000™ was the most potent vector compared to polyethylenimine (PEI) and Turbofect. When co-cultured with astrocytes, the genetically modified RBECs secreted recombinant EPO into the cell culture medium both luminally and abluminally, and despite lower levels of EPO reaching the abluminal chamber, the amount of recombinant EPO was sufficient to evolve a biological effect on astrocytes cultured at the abluminal side in terms of upregulated gene expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). In conclusion, non-viral gene therapy to RBECs leads to protein secretion and signifies a method for therapeutic proteins to target cells inside the CNS otherwise omitted due to the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Burkhart
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3B, 2.104, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Nanotech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet Building 423, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Louiza Bohn Thomsen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3B, 2.104, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Torben Moos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 3B, 2.104, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
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Scherman Rydhög J, Perrin R, Jølck RI, Gagnon-Moisan F, Larsen KR, Clementsen P, Riisgaard de Blanck S, Fredberg Persson G, Weber DC, Lomax T, Andresen TL, Munck Af Rosenschold P. Liquid fiducial marker applicability in proton therapy of locally advanced lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017; 122:393-399. [PMID: 28104299 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the clinical applicability of a novel liquid fiducial marker (LFM) for image-guided pencil beam scanned (PBS) proton therapy (PBSPT) of locally advanced lung cancer (LALC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The relative proton stopping power (RSP) of the LFM was calculated and measured. Dose perturbations of the LFM and three solid markers, in a phantom, were measured. PBSPT treatment planning on computer tomography scans of five patients with LALC with the LFM implanted was performed with 1-3 fields. RESULTS The RSP was experimentally determined to be 1.164 for the LFM. Phantom measurements revealed a maximum relative deviation in dose of 4.8% for the LFM in the spread-out Bragg Peak, compared to 12-67% for the solid markers. Using the experimentally determined RSP, the maximum proton range error introduced by the LFM is about 1mm. If the marker was displaced at PBSPT, the maximum dosimetric error was limited to 2 percentage points for 3-field plans. CONCLUSION The dose perturbations introduced by the LFM were considerably smaller than the solid markers investigated. The RSP of the fiducial marker should be corrected in the treatment planning system to avoid errors. The investigated LFM introduced clinically acceptable dose perturbations for image-guided PBSPT of LALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Scherman Rydhög
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, 3994, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rosalind Perrin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Center for Proton Therapy, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus Irming Jølck
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Nanovi Radiotherapy A/S, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Paul Clementsen
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Fredberg Persson
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, 3994, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tony Lomax
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Center for Proton Therapy, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Munck Af Rosenschold
- Department of Oncology, Section of Radiotherapy, 3994, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Brogaard RY, Eliasen R, Melander F, Hansen AE, Kjær A, Andresen TL. Abstract 3907: Enhanced chemotherapeutic effect with matrix metalloproteinase sensitive liposomes. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Drug bioavailability following intra-tumoral accumulation is a major challenge in existing drug delivery systems. A site-specific trigger for obtaining drug release specifically in tumor tissue would overcome this problem and enhance the antitumor effect of the carried drug. Our aim was to develop a new drug delivery platform based on liposomes that are sensitive to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Methods: In the present work, we have designed a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-sensitive liposomal drug delivery system encapsulating oxaliplatin, which by tumor-specific enzymatic dePEGylation allows for controlling the precision of drug release. The dePEGylation is provided by a cholesterol-anchored PEGylated lipopeptide containing a short peptide sequence cleavable by MMP-2 and MMP-9. These MMP-sensitive liposomes are designed to make a charge-reversal transformation upon encountering MMPs in the tumor environment. The surface charge of the liposome turns from slightly negative to positive, resulting in cationic liposomes. In vitro cellular uptake of the liposomes was assessed using flow cytometry and ICP-MS, and further confirmed by confocal microscopy in CT26 and HT1080 cell lines. In vivo studies was evaluated in a syngeneic murine model of MMP-positive CT26 colon cancer.
Results: We successfully formulated MMP-sensitive, oxaliplatin encapsulated liposomes and characterized their zeta potential, size, stability and encapsulation efficiency. The results showed uniformly dispersed particles, and the charge-reversal properties were confirmed as the surface charge changed from slightly negative to distinct positive upon enzymatic cleavage generating cationic liposomes. These MMP-sensitive liposomes were evaluated in vitro and in vivo with a high correlation. In vivo studies showed a prolonged circulation profile with minimal leakage, and similar accumulation in tumors as conventional Stealth liposomes. Efficacy experiment in the same model demonstrated significantly improved antitumor activity relative to free oxaliplatin, and with a superior effect compared to the conventional Stealth liposomes.
Conclusion: With this study, we establish a promising liposomal drug delivery platform for the carriage and release of numerous anticancer drugs into the microenvironment of an MMP-positive tumor.
Citation Format: Rikke Y. Brogaard, Rasmus Eliasen, Fredrik Melander, Anders E. Hansen, Andreas Kjær, Thomas Lars Andresen. Enhanced chemotherapeutic effect with matrix metalloproteinase sensitive liposomes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3907.
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Christensen AN, Rydhög JS, Søndergaard RV, Andresen TL, Holm S, Munck Af Rosenschöld P, Conradsen K, Jølck RI. Injectable silver nanosensors: in vivo dosimetry for external beam radiotherapy using positron emission tomography. Nanoscale 2016; 8:11002-11011. [PMID: 27174233 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00201c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of safe and efficient radiotherapy routines requires quantification of the delivered absorbed dose to the cancer tissue in individual patients. In vivo dosimetry can provide accurate information about the absorbed dose delivered during treatment. In the current study, a novel silver-nanosensor formulation based on poly(vinylpyrrolidinone)-coated silver nanoparticles formulated in a gelation matrix composed of sucrose acetate isobutyrate has been developed for use as an in vivo dosimeter for external beam radiotherapy. In situ photonuclear reactions trigger the formation of radioactive (106)Ag, which enables post treatment verification of the delivered dose using positron emission tomography imaging. The silver-nanosensor was investigated in a tissue equivalent thorax phantom using clinical settings and workflow for both standard fractionated radiotherapy (2 Gy) and stereotactic radiotherapy (10- and 22 Gy) in a high-energy beam setting (18 MV). The developed silver-nanosensor provided high radiopacity on the planning CT-scans sufficient for patient positioning in image-guided radiotherapy and provided dosimetric information about the absorbed dose with a 10% and 8% standard deviation for the stereotactic regimens, 10 and 22 Gy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Christensen
- DTU Compute, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Building 321/324, Matematiktorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Ke P, Sun H, Liu M, Su Z, Hu K, Zhua H, Guo H, Sun H, Andresen TL, Olsen LF. Polymeric pH nanosensor with extended measurement range bearing octaarginine as cell penetrating peptide. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:8-12. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2014.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ke
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Sun
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhengding Su
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kanghong Hu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hongda Zhua
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Guo
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial FermentationHubei University of Technology430068 WuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Department for Micro‐ and NanotechnologyTechnical University of DenmarkDTU Nanotech2800LyngbyDenmark
| | - Lars Folke Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkCampusvej 55DK‐5230 Odense MDenmark
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Petersen AL, Henriksen JR, Binderup T, Elema DR, Rasmussen PH, Hag AM, Kjær A, Andresen TL. In vivo evaluation of PEGylated 64Cu-liposomes with theranostic and radiotherapeutic potential using micro PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:941-952. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Viart HMF, Larsen TS, Tassone C, Andresen TL, Clausen MH. Propargylamine-isothiocyanate reaction: efficient conjugation chemistry in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:7800-2. [PMID: 24903342 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A coupling reaction between secondary propargyl amines and isothiocyanates in aqueous media is described. The reaction is high-yielding and affords cyclized products within 2-24 h. A functionalized ether lipid was synthesized in 8 steps, formulated as liposomes with POPC and conjugated to FITC under mild conditions using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M-F Viart
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Scherman Rydhög J, Irming Jølck R, Andresen TL, Munck af Rosenschöld P. Quantification and comparison of visibility and image artifacts of a new liquid fiducial marker in a lung phantom for image-guided radiation therapy. Med Phys 2015; 42:2818-26. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4919616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Caviglia C, Zór K, Canepa S, Carminati M, Larsen LB, Raiteri R, Andresen TL, Heiskanen A, Emnéus J. Interdependence of initial cell density, drug concentration and exposure time revealed by real-time impedance spectroscopic cytotoxicity assay. Analyst 2015; 140:3623-9. [PMID: 25868456 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the combined effect of the initial cell density (12,500, 35,000, 75,000, and 100,000 cells cm(-2)) and concentration of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin on HeLa cells by performing time-dependent cytotoxicity assays using real-time electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A correlation between the rate of cell death and the initial cell seeding density was found at 2.5 μM doxorubicin concentration, whereas this was not observed at 5 or 100 μM. By sensing the changes in the cell-substrate interaction using impedance spectroscopy under static conditions, the onset of cytotoxicity was observed 5 h earlier than when using a standard colorimetric end-point assay (MTS) which measures changes in the mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, with the MTS assay no cytotoxicity was observed after 15 h of incubation with 2.5 μM doxorubicin, whereas the impedance showed at this time point cell viability that was below 25%. These results indicate that impedance detection reveals cytotoxic events undetectable when using the MTS assay, highlighting the importance of combining impedance detection with traditional drug toxicity assays towards a more in depth understanding of the effect of anti-cancer drugs on in vitro assays. Moreover, the detection of doxorubicin induced toxicity determined with impedance under static conditions proved to be 6 times faster than in perfusion culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caviglia
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Trier S, Linderoth L, Bjerregaard S, Andresen TL, Rahbek UL. Acylation of Glucagon-like peptide-2: interaction with lipid membranes and in vitro intestinal permeability. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109939. [PMID: 25295731 PMCID: PMC4190408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acylation of peptide drugs with fatty acid chains has proven beneficial for prolonging systemic circulation as well as increasing enzymatic stability without disrupting biological potency. Acylation has furthermore been shown to increase interactions with the lipid membranes of mammalian cells. The extent to which such interactions hinder or benefit delivery of acylated peptide drugs across cellular barriers such as the intestinal epithelia is currently unknown. The present study investigates the effect of acylating peptide drugs from a drug delivery perspective. Purpose We hypothesize that the membrane interaction is an important parameter for intestinal translocation, which may be used to optimize the acylation chain length for intestinal permeation. This work aims to characterize acylated analogues of the intestinotrophic Glucagon-like peptide-2 by systematically increasing acyl chain length, in order to elucidate its influence on membrane interaction and intestinal cell translocation in vitro. Results Peptide self-association and binding to both model lipid and cell membranes was found to increase gradually with acyl chain length, whereas translocation across Caco-2 cells depended non-linearly on chain length. Short and medium acyl chains increased translocation compared to the native peptide, but long chain acylation displayed no improvement in translocation. Co-administration of a paracellular absorption enhancer was found to increase translocation irrespective of acyl chain length, whereas a transcellular enhancer displayed increased synergy with the long chain acylation. Conclusions These results show that membrane interactions play a prominent role during intestinal translocation of an acylated peptide. Acylation benefits permeation for shorter and medium chains due to increased membrane interactions, however, for longer chains insertion in the membrane becomes dominant and hinders translocation, i.e. the peptides get ‘stuck’ in the cell membrane. Applying a transcellular absorption enhancer increases the dynamics of membrane insertion and detachment by fluidizing the membrane, thus facilitating its effects primarily on membrane associated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Trier
- Dept. of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Dept. of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Gjetting T, Jølck RI, Andresen TL. Effective nanoparticle-based gene delivery by a protease triggered charge switch. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1107-18. [PMID: 24652709 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gene carriers made from synthetic materials are of interest in relation to gene therapy but suffer from lack of transfection efficiency upon systemic delivery. To address this problem, a novel lipo-peptide-PEG conjugate constituted by a lipid-anchor, a peptide sensitive to proteases and a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain is investigated. Utilizing ethanol-mediated nucleic acid encapsulation to prepare lipo-nanoparticles (LNPs), LNPs that are stable in serum are obtained. The LNPs constitute a highly effective gene delivery systems in vitro and possess the right features for further investigation in vivo including a PEG layer and a net negative charge that should ensure long-circulating properties before being activated by proteases in diseased tissue. Protease activation leads to detachment of PEG and a charge switching where the LNPs become positive due to the presence of glutamates in the cleaved peptide moiety. The cationic lipid DOTAP is used mainly to complex DNA and proton titratable DODAP is used to increase endosomal escape and enhance transfection efficiency. The idea of using a mixture of permanently charged and titratable cationic lipids shielded by a protease sensitive negatively charged lipo-peptide-PEG coat appears to be a highly efficient solution for achieving effective non-viral gene delivery and the results warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Gjetting
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Rasmus Irming Jølck
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Thomas Lars Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology; Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics; Building 423 2800 Lyngby Denmark
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Caviglia C, Carminati M, Heiskanen A, Vergani M, Ferrari G, Sampietro M, Andresen TL, Emnéus J. Quantitative Label-Free Cell Proliferation Tracking with a Versatile Electrochemical Impedance Detection Platform. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/407/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Moghimi SM, Parhamifar L, Ahmadvand D, Wibroe PP, Andresen TL, Farhangrazi ZS, Hunter AC. Particulate systems for targeting of macrophages: basic and therapeutic concepts. J Innate Immun 2012; 4:509-28. [PMID: 22722900 DOI: 10.1159/000339153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate systems in the form of liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymeric nano- and microparticles, and many others offer a rational approach for selective delivery of therapeutic agents to the macrophage from different physiological portals of entry. Particulate targeting of macrophages and intracellular drug release processes can be optimized through modifications of the drug carrier physicochemical properties, which include hydrodynamic size, shape, composition and surface characteristics. Through such modifications together with understanding of macrophage cell biology, targeting may be aimed at a particular subset of macrophages. Advances in basic and therapeutic concepts of particulate targeting of macrophages and related nanotechnology approaches for immune cell modifications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Moghimi
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
Intravenously injected nanoparticulate drug carriers provide a wide range of unique opportunities for site-specific targeting of therapeutic agents to many areas within the vasculature and beyond. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of these carriers are controlled by a complex array of interrelated core and interfacial physicochemical and biological factors. Pertinent to realizing therapeutic goals, definitive maps that establish the interdependency of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface characteristics in relation to interfacial forces, biodistribution, controlled drug release, excretion, and adverse effects must be outlined. These concepts are critically evaluated and an integrated perspective is provided on the basis of the recent application of nanoscience approaches to nanocarrier design and engineering. The future of this exciting field is bright; some regulatory-approved products are already on the market and many are in late-phase clinical trials. With concomitant advances in extensive computational knowledge of the genomics and epigenomics of interindividual variations in drug responses, the boundaries toward development of personalized nanomedicines can be pushed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Moghimi
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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