1
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Oelmann JH, Guth L, Heldt T, Griesbach N, Hector R, Lackmann N, Nauta J, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. Closed-cycle noble gas recycling system for high-repetition rate high-harmonic generation. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:035115. [PMID: 38477653 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
We present a compact closed-loop recycling system for noble and inert gases. It has been developed for an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb based on high-harmonic generation at 100 MHz repetition rate. The system collects gas injected at several bars of backing pressure through a micrometer-sized nozzle into the laser-interaction region with a differential pumping system comprising turbomolecular pumps, and subsequently compresses the gas to a pressure of up to 200 bar. By drastically reducing the waste of expensive gases such as xenon and krypton, it enables the long operation times needed for spectroscopic measurements, as well as for continuous operation of the XUV frequency comb.
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2
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Magunia A, Rebholz M, Appi E, Papadopoulou CC, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Meister S, Ding T, Straub M, Borisova GD, Lee J, Jin R, von der Dellen A, Kaiser C, Braune M, Düsterer S, Ališauskas S, Lang T, Heyl C, Manschwetus B, Grunewald S, Frühling U, Tajalli A, Wahid AB, Silletti L, Calegari F, Mosel P, Morgner U, Kovacev M, Thumm U, Hartl I, Treusch R, Moshammer R, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Time-resolving state-specific molecular dissociation with XUV broadband absorption spectroscopy. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadk1482. [PMID: 37992169 PMCID: PMC10664994 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and nuclear dynamics inside molecules are essential for chemical reactions, where different pathways typically unfold on ultrafast timescales. Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light pulses generated by free-electron lasers (FELs) allow atomic-site and electronic-state selectivity, triggering specific molecular dynamics while providing femtosecond resolution. Yet, time-resolved experiments are either blind to neutral fragments or limited by the spectral bandwidth of FEL pulses. Here, we combine a broadband XUV probe pulse from high-order harmonic generation with an FEL pump pulse to observe dissociation pathways leading to fragments in different quantum states. We temporally resolve the dissociation of a specific O2+ state into two competing channels by measuring the resonances of ionic and neutral fragments. This scheme can be applied to investigate convoluted dynamics in larger molecules relevant to diverse science fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisa Appi
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Straub
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junhee Lee
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Grabengasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rui Jin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Kaiser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tino Lang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Heyl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bastian Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Grunewald
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Frühling
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ayhan Tajalli
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ammar Bin Wahid
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Silletti
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Mosel
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Morgner
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Milutin Kovacev
- Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Thumm
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506,USA
| | - Ingmar Hartl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Rupprecht P, Magunia A, Aufleger L, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Flexible experimental platform for dispersion-free temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses. Opt Express 2023; 31:39821-39831. [PMID: 38041296 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise temporal characterization of laser pulses is crucial for ultrashort applications in biology, chemistry, and physics. Especially in femto- and attosecond science, diverse laser pulse sources in different spectral regimes from the visible to the infrared as well as pulse durations ranging from picoseconds to few femtoseconds are employed. In this article, we present a versatile temporal-characterization apparatus that can access these different temporal and spectral regions in a dispersion-free manner and without phase-matching constraints. The design combines transient-grating and surface third-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating in one device with optimized alignment capabilities based on a noncollinear geometry.
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4
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Rehbehn NH, Rosner MK, Berengut JC, Schmidt PO, Pfeifer T, Gu MF, López-Urrutia JRC. Narrow and Ultranarrow Transitions in Highly Charged Xe Ions as Probes of Fifth Forces. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:161803. [PMID: 37925712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.161803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical frequency metrology in atoms and ions can probe hypothetical fifth forces between electrons and neutrons by sensing minute perturbations of the electronic wave function induced by them. A generalized King plot has been proposed to distinguish them from possible standard model effects arising from, e.g., finite nuclear size and electronic correlations. Additional isotopes and transitions are required for this approach. Xenon is an excellent candidate, with seven stable isotopes with zero nuclear spin, however it has no known visible ground-state transitions for high resolution spectroscopy. To address this, we have found and measured twelve magnetic-dipole lines in its highly charged ions and theoretically studied their sensitivity to fifth forces as well as the suppression of spurious higher-order standard model effects. Moreover, we identified at 764.8753(16) nm a E2-type ground-state transition with 500 s excited state lifetime as a potential clock candidate further enhancing our proposed scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian C Berengut
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Piet O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ming Feng Gu
- Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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5
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Ertel D, Busto D, Makos I, Schmoll M, Benda J, Ahmadi H, Moioli M, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Schröter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Mašín Z, Patchkovskii S, Sansone G. Influence of nuclear dynamics on molecular attosecond photoelectron interferometry. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh7747. [PMID: 37647394 PMCID: PMC10468127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy, the photoionization process occurring in a molecule due to the absorption of a single photon can trigger an ultrafast nuclear motion in the cation. Taking advantage of attosecond photoelectron interferometry, where the absorption of the extreme ultraviolet photon is accompanied by the exchange of an additional infrared quantum of light, one can investigate the influence of nuclear dynamics by monitoring the characteristics of the photoelectron spectra generated by the two-color field. Here, we show that attosecond photoelectron interferometry is sensitive to the nuclear response by measuring the two-color photoionization spectra in a mixture of methane (CH4) and deuteromethane (CD4). The effect of the different nuclear evolution in the two isotopologues manifests itself in the modification of the amplitude and contrast of the oscillations of the photoelectron peaks. Our work indicates that nuclear dynamics can affect the coherence properties of the electronic wave packet emitted by photoionization on a time scale as short as a few femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ertel
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Busto
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Lund University, PO Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Makos
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Schmoll
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakub Benda
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovǐkách 2, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Hamed Ahmadi
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Moioli
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Frassetto
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Zdeněk Mašín
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovǐkách 2, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Guillemin R, Inhester L, Ilchen M, Mazza T, Boll R, Weber T, Eckart S, Grychtol P, Rennhack N, Marchenko T, Velasquez N, Travnikova O, Ismail I, Niskanen J, Kukk E, Trinter F, Gisselbrecht M, Feifel R, Sansone G, Rolles D, Martins M, Meyer M, Simon M, Santra R, Pfeifer T, Jahnke T, Piancastelli MN. Isotope effects in dynamics of water isotopologues induced by core ionization at an x-ray free-electron laser. Struct Dyn 2023; 10:054302. [PMID: 37799711 PMCID: PMC10550338 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical response of water exposed to x-rays is of utmost importance in a wealth of science areas. We exposed isolated water isotopologues to short x-ray pulses from a free-electron laser and detected momenta of all produced ions in coincidence. By combining experimental results and theoretical modeling, we identify significant structural dynamics with characteristic isotope effects in H2O2+, D2O2+, and HDO2+, such as asymmetric bond elongation and bond-angle opening, leading to two-body or three-body fragmentation on a timescale of a few femtoseconds. A method to disentangle the sequences of events taking place upon the consecutive absorption of two x-ray photons is described. The obtained deep look into structural properties and dynamics of dissociating water isotopologues provides essential insights into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L. Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - T. Mazza
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R. Boll
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Th. Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S. Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - T. Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - N. Velasquez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - O. Travnikova
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I. Ismail
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J. Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - E. Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - R. Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G. Sansone
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - D. Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M. Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Meyer
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Jahnke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. N. Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Schnorr K, Belina M, Augustin S, Lindenblatt H, Liu Y, Meister S, Pfeifer T, Schmid G, Treusch R, Trost F, Slavíˇek P, Moshammer R. Direct tracking of ultrafast proton transfer in water dimers. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg7864. [PMID: 37436977 PMCID: PMC10337913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Upon ionization, water forms a highly acidic radical cation H2O+· that undergoes ultrafast proton transfer (PT)-a pivotal step in water radiation chemistry, initiating the production of reactive H3O+, OH[Formula: see text] radicals, and a (hydrated) electron. Until recently, the time scales, mechanisms, and state-dependent reactivity of ultrafast PT could not be directly traced. Here, we investigate PT in water dimers using time-resolved ion coincidence spectroscopy applying a free-electron laser. An extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pump photon initiates PT, and only dimers that have undergone PT at the instance of the ionizing XUV probe photon result in distinct H3O+ + OH+ pairs. By tracking the delay-dependent yield and kinetic energy release of these ion pairs, we measure a PT time of (55 ± 20) femtoseconds and image the geometrical rearrangement of the dimer cations during and after PT. Our direct measurement shows good agreement with nonadiabatic dynamics simulations for the initial PT and allows us to benchmark nonadiabatic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Schnorr
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michal Belina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yifan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Schmid
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petr Slavíˇek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Ertel D, Schmoll M, Kellerer S, Jäger A, Weissenbilder R, Moioli M, Ahmadi H, Busto D, Makos I, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Schröter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Sansone G. Ultrastable, high-repetition-rate attosecond beamline for time-resolved XUV-IR coincidence spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:073001. [PMID: 37404094 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of attosecond photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy for the investigation of atomic and molecular dynamics calls for a high-repetition-rate driving source combined with experimental setups characterized by excellent stability for data acquisition over time intervals ranging from a few hours up to a few days. This requirement is crucial for the investigation of processes characterized by low cross sections and for the characterization of fully differential photoelectron(s) and photoion(s) angular and energy distributions. We demonstrate that the implementation of industrial-grade lasers, combined with a careful design of the delay line implemented in the pump-probe setup, allows one to reach ultrastable experimental conditions leading to an error in the estimation of the time delays of only 12 as over an acquisition time of 6.5 h. This result opens up new possibilities for the investigation of attosecond dynamics in simple quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ertel
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Schmoll
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Kellerer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Jäger
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Weissenbilder
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Moioli
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - H Ahmadi
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - D Busto
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - I Makos
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Frassetto
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C D Schröter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, 67119 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, 67119 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, 67119 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Sansone
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Heldt T, Dubois J, Birk P, Borisova GD, Lando GM, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Attosecond Real-Time Observation of Recolliding Electron Trajectories in Helium at Low Laser Intensities. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:183201. [PMID: 37204888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven recollision physics is typically accessible only at field intensities high enough for tunnel ionization. Using an extreme ultraviolet pulse for ionization and a near-infrared (NIR) pulse for driving of the electron wave packet lifts this limitation. This allows us to study recollisions for a broad range of NIR intensities with transient absorption spectroscopy, making use of the reconstruction of the time-dependent dipole moment. Comparing recollision dynamics with linear vs circular NIR polarization, we find a parameter space, where the latter favors recollisions, providing evidence for the so far only theoretically predicted recolliding periodic orbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heldt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Dubois
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel M Lando
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Wang E, Kling NG, LaForge AC, Obaid R, Pathak S, Bhattacharyya S, Meister S, Trost F, Lindenblatt H, Schoch P, Kübel M, Pfeifer T, Rudenko A, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Moshammer R, Rolles D, Berrah N. Ultrafast Roaming Mechanisms in Ethanol Probed by Intense Extreme Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Radiation: Electron Transfer versus Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4372-4380. [PMID: 37140167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast H2+ and H3+ formation from ethanol is studied using pump-probe spectroscopy with an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser. The first pulse creates a dication, triggering H2 roaming that leads to H2+ and H3+ formation, which is disruptively probed by a second pulse. At photon energies of 28 and 32 eV, the ratio of H2+ to H3+ increases with time delay, while it is flat at a photon energy of 70 eV. The delay-dependent effect is ascribed to a competition between electron and proton transfer. High-level quantum chemistry calculations show a flat potential energy surface for H2 formation, indicating that the intermediate state may have a long lifetime. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulation confirms that, in addition to the direct emission, a small portion of H2 undergoes a roaming mechanism that leads to two competing pathways: electron transfer from H2 to C2H4O2+ and proton transfer from C2H4O2+ to H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enliang Wang
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Nora G Kling
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Aaron C LaForge
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Razib Obaid
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
| | - Shashank Pathak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Severin Meister
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Schoch
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kübel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nano), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, United States
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3046, United States
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11
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He Y, Liu Z, Ott C, Pfeiffer AN, Sun S, Gaarde MB, Pfeifer T, Hu B. Resonant Perfect Absorption Yielded by Zero-Area Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:273201. [PMID: 36638297 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.273201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose and study the manipulation of the macroscopic transient absorption of an ensemble of open two-level systems via temporal engineering. The key idea is to impose an ultrashort temporal gate on the polarization decay of the system by transient absorption spectroscopy, thus confining its free evolution and the natural reshaping of the excitation pulse. The numerical and analytical results demonstrate that even at moderate optical depths, the resonant absorption of light can be reduced or significantly enhanced by more than 5 orders of magnitude relative to that without laser manipulation. The achievement of the quasicomplete extinction of light at the resonant frequency, here referred to as resonant perfect absorption, arises from the full destructive interference between the excitation pulse and its subpulses developed and tailored during propagation, and is revealed to be connected with the formation of zero-area pulses in the time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuoye Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian N Pfeiffer
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Shaohua Sun
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Mette B Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bitao Hu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology and Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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12
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Kühn S, Cheung C, Oreshkina NS, Steinbrügge R, Togawa M, Bernitt S, Berger L, Buck J, Hoesch M, Seltmann J, Trinter F, Keitel CH, Kozlov MG, Porsev SG, Gu MF, Porter FS, Pfeifer T, Leutenegger MA, Harman Z, Safronova MS, López-Urrutia JRC, Shah C. New Measurement Resolves Key Astrophysical Fe XVII Oscillator Strength Problem. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:245001. [PMID: 36563261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.245001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the most enduring and intensively studied problems of x-ray astronomy is the disagreement of state-of-the art theory and observations for the intensity ratio of two Fe XVII transitions of crucial value for plasma diagnostics, dubbed 3C and 3D. We unravel this conundrum at the PETRA III synchrotron facility by increasing the resolving power 2.5 times and the signal-to-noise ratio thousandfold compared with our previous work. The Lorentzian wings had hitherto been indistinguishable from the background and were thus not modeled, resulting in a biased line-strength estimation. The present experimental oscillator-strength ratio R_{exp}=f_{3C}/f_{3D}=3.51(2)_{stat}(7)_{sys} agrees with our state-of-the-art calculation of R_{th}=3.55(2), as well as with some previous theoretical predictions. To further rule out any uncertainties associated with the measured ratio, we also determined the individual natural linewidths and oscillator strengths of 3C and 3D transitions, which also agree well with the theory. This finally resolves the decades-old mystery of Fe XVII oscillator strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Graduate School of Fundamental Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Cheung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Natalia S Oreshkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - René Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Sychrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moto Togawa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Berger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Buck
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik (IEAP), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 11-19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Moritz Hoesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Sychrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Seltmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Sychrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikhail G Kozlov
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI," Prof. Popovstrasse 5, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Sergey G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Ming Feng Gu
- Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Scott Porter
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maurice A Leutenegger
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Zoltán Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marianna S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | - Chintan Shah
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
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13
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Mandal A, Rost JM, Pfeifer T, Singh KP. Widely tunable XUV harmonics using double IR pulses. Opt Express 2022; 30:45020-45030. [PMID: 36522913 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tunable attosecond pulses are necessary for various attosecond resolved spectroscopic applications, which can potentially be obtained through the tuning of high harmonic generation. Here we show theoretically, using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and strong field approximation, a continuously tunable spectral shift of high-order harmonics by exploiting the interaction of two delayed identical infrared (IR) pulses within the single-atom response. The tuning spans more than twice the driving frequency (∼2ω) range, for several near-cutoff harmonics, with respect to only one control parameter: the change in delay between the two IR pulses. We show that two distinct mechanisms contribute to the spectral shift of the harmonic spectra. The dominant part of the spectral shift of the harmonics is due to the modulation of the central frequency of the composite IR-IR pulse with respect to delay. The second contribution comes from the non-adiabatic phase-shift of the recolliding electron wavepacket due to the change in amplitude of the subcycle electric field within the double pulse envelope. For optical few-cycle pulses this scheme can produce tunable attosecond pulse trains (APT), and in the single-cycle regime the same can be used for tuning isolated attosecond pulses (IAP). We quantify the dependence of tuning range and tuning rate on the laser pulse duration. We envision that the proposed scheme can be easily implemented with compact in-line setups for generating frequency tunable APT/IAP.
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14
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Oelmann JH, Heldt T, Guth L, Nauta J, Lackmann N, Wössner V, Kokh S, Pfeifer T, López-Urrutia JRC. Photoelectron tomography with an intra-cavity velocity-map imaging spectrometer at 100 MHz repetition rate. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:123303. [PMID: 36586896 DOI: 10.1063/5.0104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a compact velocity-map imaging (VMI) spectrometer for photoelectron imaging at 100 MHz repetition rate. Ultrashort pulses from a near-infrared frequency comb laser are amplified in a polarization-insensitive passive femtosecond enhancement cavity. In the focus, multi-photon ionization (MPI) of gas-phase atoms is studied tomographically by rotating the laser polarization. We demonstrate the functioning of the VMI spectrometer by reconstructing photoelectron angular momentum distributions from xenon MPI. Our intra-cavity VMI setup collects electron energy spectra at high rates, with the advantage of transferring the coherence of the cavity-stabilized femtosecond pulses to the electrons. In addition, the setup will allow studies of strong-field effects in nanometric tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Oelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Heldt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Guth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nauta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Lackmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Wössner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kokh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Straub M, Ding T, Rebholz M, Borisova GD, Magunia A, Lindenblatt H, Meister S, Trost F, Wang Y, Palutke S, Braune M, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Greene CH, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ott C. Differential Measurement of Electron Ejection after Two-Photon Two-Electron Excitation of Helium. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:183204. [PMID: 36374686 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.183204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the measurement of the photoelectron angular distribution of two-photon single-ionization near the 2p^{2} ^{1}D^{e} double-excitation resonance in helium, benchmarking the fundamental nonlinear interaction of two photons with two correlated electrons. This observation is enabled by the unique combination of intense extreme ultraviolet pulses, delivered at the high-repetition-rate free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH), ionizing a jet of cryogenically cooled helium atoms in a reaction microscope. The spectral structure of the intense self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser pulses has been resolved on a single-shot level to allow for post selection of pulses, leading to an enhanced spectral resolution, and introducing a new experimental method. The measured angular distribution is directly compared to state-of-the-art theory based on multichannel quantum defect theory and the streamlined R-matrix method. These results and experimental methodology open a promising route for exploring fundamental interactions of few photons with few electrons in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Straub
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchroton DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Heeg KP, Bocklage L, Strohm C, Ott C, Lentrodt D, Haber J, Wille HC, Rüffer R, Gollwitzer J, Adolff CF, Schlage K, Sergeev I, Leupold O, Meier G, Keitel CH, Röhlsberger R, Pfeifer T, Evers J. Reply to: On yoctosecond science. Nature 2022; 608:E18-E19. [PMID: 35948703 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian P Heeg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Bocklage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Johann Haber
- Lehrstuhl Quantenoptik, Department Physik, Fakultät IV, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Rüffer
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christian F Adolff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Schlage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Sergeev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Leupold
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Meier
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany.,Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Evers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Dahiya S, Tyagi A, Mandal A, Pfeifer T, Singh KP. Ultrathin picoscale white light interferometer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8656. [PMID: 35606485 PMCID: PMC9126962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
White light interferometry is a well established technique with diverse precision applications, however, the conventional interferometers such as Michelson, Mach-Zehnder or Linnik are large in size, demand tedious alignment for obtaining white light fringes, require noise-isolation techniques to achieve sub-nanometric stability and importantly, exhibit unbalanced dispersion causing uncertainty in absolute zero delay reference. Here, we demonstrate an ultrathin white light interferometer enabling picometer resolution by exploiting the wavefront division of a broadband incoherent light beam after transmission through a pair of micrometer thin identical glass plates. Spatial overlap between the two diffracted split wavefronts readily produce high-contrast and stable white light fringes, with unambiguous reference to absolute zero path-delay position. The colored fringes evolve when one of the ultrathin plates is rotated to tune the interferometer with picometric resolution over tens of μm range. Our theoretical analysis validates formation of fringes and highlights self-calibration of the interferometer for picoscale measurements. We demonstrate measurement of coherence length of several broadband incoherent sources as small as a few micrometer with picoscale resolution. Furthermore, we propose a versatile double-pass configuration using the ultrathin interferometer enabling a sample cavity for additional applications in probing dynamical properties of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Dahiya
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Akansha Tyagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Ankur Mandal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117, Heildelberg, Germany
| | - Kamal P Singh
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, India.
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18
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Rupprecht P, Aufleger L, Heinze S, Magunia A, Ding T, Rebholz M, Amberg S, Mollov N, Henrich F, Haverkort MW, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Laser Control of Electronic Exchange Interaction within a Molecule. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:153001. [PMID: 35499899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic interactions play a fundamental role in atoms, molecular structure and reactivity. We introduce a general concept to control the effective electronic exchange interaction with intense laser fields via coupling to excited states. As an experimental proof of principle, we study the SF_{6} molecule using a combination of soft x-ray and infrared (IR) laser pulses. Increasing the IR intensity increases the effective exchange energy of the core hole with the excited electron by 50%, as observed by a characteristic spin-orbit branching ratio change. This work demonstrates altering electronic interactions by targeting many-particle quantum properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Heinze
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Amberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikola Mollov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Henrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maurits W Haverkort
- Institut für theoretische Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 19, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Srinivas H, Shobeiry F, Bharti D, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Harth A. High-repetition rate attosecond beamline for multi-particle coincidence experiments. Opt Express 2022; 30:13630-13646. [PMID: 35472972 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a 3-dimensional photoelectron/ion momentum spectrometer (reaction microscope) combined with a table-top attosecond beamline based on a high-repetition rate (49 kHz) laser source is presented. The beamline is designed to achieve a temporal stability below 50 attoseconds. Results from measurements on systems like molecular hydrogen and argon dimers demonstrate the capabilities of this setup in observing the attosecond dynamics in 3D while covering the full solid angle for ionization processes having low cross-sections.
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20
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Stierhof J, Kühn S, Winter M, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Brown GV, Bernitt S, Hansmann P, Wilms J, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Leutenegger MA. A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 : paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy. Eur Phys J D At Mol Opt Phys 2022; 76:38. [PMID: 35273463 PMCID: PMC8888507 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A key requirement for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra is that transition energies are known with high accuracy and precision. We investigate the K-shell features of Ne , CO 2 , and SF 6 gases, by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra at the BESSY II synchrotron facility simultaneously with the 1s-np fluorescence emission of He-like ions produced in the Polar-X EBIT. Accurate ab initio calculations of transitions in these ions provide the basis of the calibration. While the CO 2 result agrees well with previous measurements, the SF 6 spectrum appears shifted by ∼ 0.5 eV, about twice the uncertainty of the earlier results. Our result for Ne shows a large departure from earlier results, but may suffer from larger systematic effects than our other measurements. The molecular spectra agree well with our results of time-dependent density functional theory. We find that the statistical uncertainty allows calibrations in the desired range of 1-10 meV, however, systematic contributions still limit the uncertainty to ∼ 40-100 meV, mainly due to the temporal stability of the monochromator energy scale. Combining our absolute calibration technique with a relative energy calibration technique such as photoelectron energy spectroscopy will be necessary to realize its full potential of achieving uncertainties as low as 1-10 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stierhof
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Winter
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - P. Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - R. Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. Shah
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - N. Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - M. Bissinger
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Hirsch
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R. Ballhausen
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M. Lang
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C. Gräfe
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S. Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - G. L. Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S. Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J. Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - F. S. Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - T. Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. V. Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 USA
| | - S. Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - P. Hansmann
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. Wilms
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstr. 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | | | - M. A. Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
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21
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Rebholz M, Ding T, Aufleger L, Hartmann M, Meyer K, Stooß V, Magunia A, Wachs D, Birk P, Mi Y, Borisova GD, da Costa Castanheira C, Rupprecht P, Magrakvelidze M, Thumm U, Roling S, Butz M, Zacharias H, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Brenner G, Ott C, Pfeifer T. XUV-Initiated Dissociation Dynamics of Molecular Oxygen (O 2). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10138-10143. [PMID: 34788037 PMCID: PMC8647076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
performed a time-resolved spectroscopy experiment on the dissociation
of oxygen molecules after the interaction with intense extreme-ultraviolet
(XUV) light from the free-electron laser in Hamburg at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron.
Using an XUV-pump/XUV-probe transient-absorption geometry with a split-and-delay
unit, we observe the onset of electronic transitions in the O2+ cation near 50 eV photon energy, marking the end of
the progression from a molecule to two isolated atoms. We observe
two different time scales of 290 ± 53 and 180 ± 76 fs
for the emergence of different ionic transitions, indicating different
dissociation pathways taken by the departing oxygen atoms. With regard
to the emerging opportunities of tuning the central frequencies of
pump and probe pulses and of increasing the probe–pulse bandwidth,
future pump–probe transient-absorption experiments are expected
to provide a detailed view of the coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics
during molecular dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - David Wachs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Maia Magrakvelidze
- Cabrini University, 610 King Of Prussia Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, United States
| | - Uwe Thumm
- Kansas State University, 212 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Marco Butz
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
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22
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Schotsch F, Zebergs I, Augustin S, Lindenblatt H, Hoibl L, Djendjur D, Schroeter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R. TrapREMI: A reaction microscope inside an electrostatic ion beam trap. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:123201. [PMID: 34972421 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new experimental setup has been developed to investigate the reactions of molecular ions and charged clusters with a variety of projectile beams. An Electrostatic Ion Beam Trap (EIBT) stores fast ions at keV energies in an oscillatory motion. By crossing it with a projectile beam, e.g., an IR laser, molecular reactions can be induced. We implemented a Reaction Microscope (REMI) in the field-free region of the EIBT to perform coincidence spectroscopy on the resulting reaction products. In contrast to prior experiments, this unique combination of techniques allows us to measure the 3D momentum-vectors of ions, electrons, and neutrals as reaction products in coincidence. At the same time, the EIBT allows for advanced target preparation techniques, e.g., relaxation of hot molecules during storage times of up to seconds, autoresonance cooling, and recycling of target species, which are difficult to prepare. Otherwise, the TrapREMI setup can be connected to a variety of projectile sources, e.g., atomic gas jets, large-scale radiation facilities, and ultrashort laser pulses, which enable even time-resolved studies. Here, we describe the setup and a first photodissociation experiment on H2 +, which demonstrates the ion-neutral coincidence detection in the TrapREMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schotsch
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - I Zebergs
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - S Augustin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - H Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - L Hoibl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - D Djendjur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University, 69120 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - C D Schroeter
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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23
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Kurz N, Fischer D, Pfeifer T, Dorn A. Reaction microscope for investigating ionization dynamics of weakly bound alkali dimers. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:123202. [PMID: 34972432 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the implementation of a far-off-resonant, optical dipole force trap in a reaction microscope combined with a magneto-optical trap. Kinematically complete multi-photon ionization experiments were performed on optically trapped 6Li atoms and photo-associated 6Li2 molecules in their highest vibrational state. The apparatus allows us to distinguish different ionization mechanisms related to the presence of the IR field of the optical dipole trap that can occur during ionization of 6Li and 6Li2 in strong fields. In a series of proof-of-principle experiments, we detect weakly bound dimers via three-photon ionization with femtosecond pulses (τ = 30 fs) at a central wavelength of 780 nm and measure directly the momenta of the photoelectrons in coincidence with recoil ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kurz
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Fischer
- Physics Department and LAMOR, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Dorn
- Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Stark J, Warnecke C, Bogen S, Chen S, Dijck EA, Kühn S, Rosner MK, Graf A, Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Liebert D, Spieß LJ, King SA, Leopold T, Micke P, Schmidt PO, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. An ultralow-noise superconducting radio-frequency ion trap for frequency metrology with highly charged ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:083203. [PMID: 34470420 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ultrastable superconducting radio-frequency (RF) ion trap realized as a combination of an RF cavity and a linear Paul trap. Its RF quadrupole mode at 34.52 MHz reaches a quality factor of Q ≈ 2.3 × 105 at a temperature of 4.1 K and is used to radially confine ions in an ultralow-noise pseudopotential. This concept is expected to strongly suppress motional heating rates and related frequency shifts that limit the ultimate accuracy achieved in advanced ion traps for frequency metrology. Running with its low-vibration cryogenic cooling system, electron-beam ion trap, and deceleration beamline supplying highly charged ions (HCIs), the superconducting trap offers ideal conditions for optical frequency metrology with ionic species. We report its proof-of-principle operation as a quadrupole-mass filter with HCIs and trapping of Doppler-cooled 9Be+ Coulomb crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Warnecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bogen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E A Dijck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Graf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nauta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-H Oelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Liebert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L J Spieß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Belsa B, Amini K, Liu X, Sanchez A, Steinle T, Steinmetzer J, Le AT, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Moszynski R, Lin CD, Gräfe S, Biegert J. Erratum: Publisher's Note: "Laser-induced electron diffraction of the ultrafast umbrella motion in ammonia" [Struct. Dyn. 8, 014301 (2021)]. Struct Dyn 2021; 8:049901. [PMID: 34497865 PMCID: PMC8410134 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1063/4.0000046.].
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Belsa
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - X. Liu
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Sanchez
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Steinle
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Steinmetzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. T. Le
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R. Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R. Moszynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. D. Lin
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA
| | - S. Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J. Biegert
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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26
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Ding T, Rebholz M, Aufleger L, Hartmann M, Stooß V, Magunia A, Birk P, Borisova GD, da Costa Castanheira C, Rupprecht P, Mi Y, Gaumnitz T, Loh ZH, Roling S, Butz M, Zacharias H, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Ott C, Pfeifer T. XUV pump-XUV probe transient absorption spectroscopy at FELs. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:519-536. [PMID: 33575691 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of ultra-intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) has opened the door for the experimental realization of non-linear XUV and X-ray spectroscopy techniques. Here we demonstrate an experimental setup for an all-XUV transient absorption spectroscopy method for gas-phase targets at the FEL. The setup combines a high spectral resolving power of E/ΔE ≈ 1500 with sub-femtosecond interferometric resolution, and covers a broad XUV photon-energy range between approximately 20 and 110 eV. We demonstrate the feasibility of this setup firstly on a neon target. Here, we intensity- and time-resolve key aspects of non-linear XUV-FEL light-matter interactions, namely the non-resonant ionization dynamics and resonant coupling dynamics of bound states, including XUV-induced Stark shifts of energy levels. Secondly, we show that this setup is capable of tracking the XUV-initiated dissociation dynamics of small molecular targets (oxygen and diiodomethane) with site-specific resolution, by measuring the XUV transient absorption spectrum. In general, benefitting from a single-shot detection capability, we show that the setup and method provides single-shot phase-locked XUV pulse pairs. This lays the foundation to perform, in the future, experiments as a function of the XUV interferometric time delay and the relative phase, which enables advanced coherent non-linear spectroscopy schemes in the XUV and X-ray spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Butz
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peuss-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, Busso-Peuss-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Allum F, Calegari F, Cavaletto SM, Centurion M, Dixit G, Fasshauer E, Fischer I, Forbes R, Grell G, Ivanov M, Kirrander A, Kornilov O, Küpper J, Kuttner C, Marangos J, Matsika S, Maxwell A, Minns RS, Moreno Carrascosa A, Natan A, Neumark D, Odate A, Oyarzún A, Palacios A, Pfeifer T, Röder A, Rost JM, Rouzée A, Stolow A, Titov E, Weber PM, Wolf T. Ultrafast X-ray science: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:597-621. [PMID: 33978014 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd90026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Sanchez A, Amini K, Wang SJ, Steinle T, Belsa B, Danek J, Le AT, Liu X, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Richter M, Ullrich J, Gräfe S, Lin CD, Biegert J. Molecular structure retrieval directly from laboratory-frame photoelectron spectra in laser-induced electron diffraction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1520. [PMID: 33750798 PMCID: PMC7943781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous to most molecular scattering methods is the challenge to retrieve bond distance and angle from the scattering signals since this requires convergence of pattern matching algorithms or fitting methods. This problem is typically exacerbated when imaging larger molecules or for dynamic systems with little a priori knowledge. Here, we employ laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) which is a powerful means to determine the precise atomic configuration of an isolated gas-phase molecule with picometre spatial and attosecond temporal precision. We introduce a simple molecular retrieval method, which is based only on the identification of critical points in the oscillating molecular interference scattering signal that is extracted directly from the laboratory-frame photoelectron spectrum. The method is compared with a Fourier-based retrieval method, and we show that both methods correctly retrieve the asymmetrically stretched and bent field-dressed configuration of the asymmetric top molecule carbonyl sulfide (OCS), which is confirmed by our quantum-classical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanchez
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Amini
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S-J Wang
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - T Steinle
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Belsa
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Danek
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - A T Le
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
| | - X Liu
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - C D Lin
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J Biegert
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Borodin A, Ackermann A, Knauer P, Muhammad IS, Pappenberger R, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. XUV frequency comb production with an astigmatism-compensated enhancement cavity. Opt Express 2021; 29:2624-2636. [PMID: 33726454 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb for performing ultra-high precision spectroscopy on the many XUV transitions found in highly charged ions (HCI). Femtosecond pulses from a 100 MHz phase-stabilized near-infrared frequency comb are amplified and then fed into a femtosecond enhancement cavity (fsEC) inside an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The low-dispersion fsEC coherently superposes several hundred incident pulses and, with a single cylindrical optical element, fully compensates astigmatism at the w0 = 15 µm waist cavity focus. With a gas jet installed there, intensities reaching ∼ 1014 W/cm2 generate coherent high harmonics with a comb spectrum at 100 MHz rate. We couple out of the fsEC harmonics from the 7th up to the 35th (42 eV; 30 nm) to be used in upcoming experiments on HCI frequency metrology.
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30
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Belsa B, Amini K, Liu X, Sanchez A, Steinle T, Steinmetzer J, Le AT, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Moszynski R, Lin CD, Gräfe S, Biegert J. Laser-induced electron diffraction of the ultrafast umbrella motion in ammonia. Struct Dyn 2021; 8:014301. [PMID: 34026922 PMCID: PMC8121549 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing molecular transformations in real-time requires a structural retrieval method with Ångström spatial and femtosecond temporal atomic resolution. Imaging of hydrogen-containing molecules additionally requires an imaging method sensitive to the atomic positions of hydrogen nuclei, with most methods possessing relatively low sensitivity to hydrogen scattering. Laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) is a table-top technique that can image ultrafast structural changes of gas-phase polyatomic molecules with sub-Ångström and femtosecond spatiotemporal resolution together with relatively high sensitivity to hydrogen scattering. Here, we image the umbrella motion of an isolated ammonia molecule (NH3) following its strong-field ionization. Upon ionization of a neutral ammonia molecule, the ammonia cation (NH3 +) undergoes an ultrafast geometrical transformation from a pyramidal ( Φ HNH = 107 ° ) to planar ( Φ HNH = 120 ° ) structure in approximately 8 femtoseconds. Using LIED, we retrieve a near-planar ( Φ HNH = 117 ± 5 ° ) field-dressed NH3 + molecular structure 7.8 - 9.8 femtoseconds after ionization. Our measured field-dressed NH3 + structure is in excellent agreement with our calculated equilibrium field-dressed structure using quantum chemical ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Belsa
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - X. Liu
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Sanchez
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Steinle
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Steinmetzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. T. Le
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - R. Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R. Moszynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C. D. Lin
- Department of Physics, J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA
| | - S. Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J. Biegert
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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31
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Leutenegger MA, Kühn S, Micke P, Steinbrügge R, Stierhof J, Shah C, Hell N, Bissinger M, Hirsch M, Ballhausen R, Lang M, Gräfe C, Wipf S, Cumbee R, Betancourt-Martinez GL, Park S, Yerokhin VA, Surzhykov A, Stolte WC, Niskanen J, Chung M, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Pfeifer T, Wilms J, Brown GV, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Bernitt S. High-Precision Determination of Oxygen K_{α} Transition Energy Excludes Incongruent Motion of Interstellar Oxygen. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:243001. [PMID: 33412031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a widely applicable technique to absolutely calibrate the energy scale of x-ray spectra with experimentally well-known and accurately calculable transitions of highly charged ions, allowing us to measure the K-shell Rydberg spectrum of molecular O_{2} with 8 meV uncertainty. We reveal a systematic ∼450 meV shift from previous literature values, and settle an extraordinary discrepancy between astrophysical and laboratory measurements of neutral atomic oxygen, the latter being calibrated against the aforementioned O_{2} literature values. Because of the widespread use of such, now deprecated, references, our method impacts on many branches of x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, it potentially reduces absolute uncertainties there to below the meV level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Leutenegger
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Stierhof
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Shah
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Bissinger
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Hirsch
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - R Ballhausen
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - M Lang
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Gräfe
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - S Wipf
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Cumbee
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G L Betancourt-Martinez
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9, avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - S Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - V A Yerokhin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Surzhykov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Mathematische Physik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - W C Stolte
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Niskanen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation in Synchrotron Radiation Research G-ISRR, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun Yliopisto, Finland
| | - M Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, 44919 Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - F S Porter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - T Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Wilms
- Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - S Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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32
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Mi Y, Peng P, Camus N, Sun X, Fross P, Martinez D, Dube Z, Corkum PB, Villeneuve DM, Staudte A, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T. Clocking Enhanced Ionization of Hydrogen Molecules with Rotational Wave Packets. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:173201. [PMID: 33156666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced rotational wave packets of H_{2} and D_{2} molecules were experimentally measured in real time by using two sequential 25-fs laser pulses and a reaction microscope. By measuring the time-dependent yields of the above-threshold dissociation and the enhanced ionization of the molecule, we observed a few-femtosecond time delay between the two dissociation channels for both H_{2} and D_{2}. The delay was interpreted and reproduced by a classical model that considers enhanced ionization and thus additional interaction within the laser pulse. We demonstrate that by accurately measuring the phase of the rotational wave packet in hydrogen molecules we can resolve dissociation dynamics which is occurring within a fraction of a molecular rotation. Such a rotational clock is a general concept applicable to sequential fragmentation processes in other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Peng Peng
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Camus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xufei Sun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Fross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denhi Martinez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zack Dube
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - P B Corkum
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - D M Villeneuve
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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33
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Pfeifer T. Intense x-rays can be (slightly) exciting. Science 2020; 369:1568-1569. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of neutral “survivor” atoms excited by x-ray blasts fights radiation damage
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Center for Quantum Dynamics, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Dahiya S, Sidhu MS, Tyagi A, Mandal A, Nandy B, Rost JM, Pfeifer T, Singh KP. In-line ultra-thin attosecond delay line with direct absolute-zero delay reference and high stability. Opt Lett 2020; 45:5266-5269. [PMID: 32932507 DOI: 10.1364/ol.403842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an ultra-thin attosecond optical delay line based on controlled wavefront division of a femtosecond infrared pulse after transmission through a pair of micrometer-thin glass plates with negligible dispersion effects. The time delay between the two pulses is controlled by rotating one of the glass plates from absolute zero to several optical cycles, with 2.5 as to tens of attosecond resolution with 2 as stability, as determined by interferometric self-calibration. The performance of the delay line is validated by observing attosecond-resolved oscillations in the yield of high harmonics induced by time delayed infrared pulses, in agreement with a numerical simulation for a simple model atom. This approach can be extended in the future for performing XUV-IR attosecond pump-probe experiments.
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35
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Kühn S, Shah C, López-Urrutia JRC, Fujii K, Steinbrügge R, Stierhof J, Togawa M, Harman Z, Oreshkina NS, Cheung C, Kozlov MG, Porsev SG, Safronova MS, Berengut JC, Rosner M, Bissinger M, Ballhausen R, Hell N, Park S, Chung M, Hoesch M, Seltmann J, Surzhykov AS, Yerokhin VA, Wilms J, Porter FS, Stöhlker T, Keitel CH, Pfeifer T, Brown GV, Leutenegger MA, Bernitt S. High Resolution Photoexcitation Measurements Exacerbate the Long-Standing Fe XVII Oscillator Strength Problem. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:225001. [PMID: 32567918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For more than 40 years, most astrophysical observations and laboratory studies of two key soft x-ray diagnostic 2p-3d transitions, 3C and 3D, in Fe XVII ions found oscillator strength ratios f(3C)/f(3D) disagreeing with theory, but uncertainties had precluded definitive statements on this much studied conundrum. Here, we resonantly excite these lines using synchrotron radiation at PETRA III, and reach, at a millionfold lower photon intensities, a 10 times higher spectral resolution, and 3 times smaller uncertainty than earlier work. Our final result of f(3C)/f(3D)=3.09(8)(6) supports many of the earlier clean astrophysical and laboratory observations, while departing by five sigmas from our own newest large-scale ab initio calculations, and excluding all proposed explanations, including those invoking nonlinear effects and population transfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Graduate School of Fundamental Physics, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chintan Shah
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | | | - Keisuke Fujii
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
| | - René Steinbrügge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Sychrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Stierhof
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Moto Togawa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zoltán Harman
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalia S Oreshkina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Cheung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kozlov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Prof. Popov Str. 5, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Sergey G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Marianna S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Julian C Berengut
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bissinger
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ballhausen
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - SungNam Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Moses Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Moritz Hoesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Sychrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Seltmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Sychrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey S Surzhykov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesalle 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Universitätsplatz 2, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vladimir A Yerokhin
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jörn Wilms
- Dr. Karl Remeis-Sternwarte, Sternwartstraße 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - F Scott Porter
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Thomas Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregory V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - Sven Bernitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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36
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Bilous PV, Bekker H, Berengut JC, Seiferle B, von der Wense L, Thirolf PG, Pfeifer T, López-Urrutia JRC, Pálffy A. Electronic Bridge Excitation in Highly Charged ^{229}Th Ions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:192502. [PMID: 32469560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.192502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excitation of the 8 eV ^{229m}Th isomer through the electronic bridge mechanism in highly charged ions is investigated theoretically. By exploiting the rich level scheme of open 4f orbitals and the robustness of highly charged ions against photoionization, a pulsed high-intensity optical laser can be used to efficiently drive the nuclear transition by coupling it to the electronic shell. We show how to implement a promising electronic bridge scheme in an electron beam ion trap starting from a metastable electronic state. This setup would avoid the need for a tunable vacuum ultraviolet laser. Based on our theoretical predictions, determining the isomer energy with an uncertainty of 10^{-5} eV could be achieved in one day of measurement time using realistic laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo V Bilous
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bekker
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, 538 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027-5255, USA
| | - Julian C Berengut
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benedict Seiferle
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lars von der Wense
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter G Thirolf
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Adriana Pálffy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Ackermann A, Knauer P, Pappenberger R, Borodin A, Muhammad IS, Ledwa H, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. 100 MHz frequency comb for low-intensity multi-photon studies: intra-cavity velocity-map imaging of xenon. Opt Lett 2020; 45:2156-2159. [PMID: 32287180 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We raise the power from a commercial 10 W frequency comb inside an enhancement cavity and perform multi-photon ionization of gas-phase atoms at 100 MHz for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. An intra-cavity velocity-map-imaging setup collects electron-energy spectra of xenon at rates several orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional laser systems. Consequently, we can use much lower intensities ${\sim}{{10}^{12}} \;{\rm W}/{{\rm cm}^2} $∼1012W/cm2 without increasing acquisition times above just a few seconds. The high rate and coherence of the stabilized femtosecond pulses are known to be transferred to the actively stabilized cavity and will allow studying purely perturbative multi-photon effects, paving the road towards a new field of precision tests in nonlinear physics.
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38
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Wang E, Shan X, Chen L, Pfeifer T, Chen X, Ren X, Dorn A. Ultrafast Proton Transfer Dynamics on the Repulsive Potential of the Ethanol Dication: Roaming-Mediated Isomerization versus Coulomb Explosion. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2785-2791. [PMID: 32159968 PMCID: PMC7307916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
If
a molecular dication is produced on a repulsive potential energy
surface (PES), it normally dissociates. Before that, however, ultrafast
nuclear dynamics can change the PES and significantly influence the
fragmentation pathway. Here, we investigate the electron-impact-induced
double ionization and subsequent fragmentation processes of the ethanol
molecule using multiparticle coincident momentum spectroscopy and
ab initio dynamical simulations. For the electronic ground state of
the ethanol dication, we observe several fragmentation channels that
cannot be reached by direct Coulomb explosion (CE) but require preceding
isomerization. Our simulations show that ultrafast hydrogen or proton
transfer (PT) can stabilize the repulsive PES of the dication before
the direct CE and form intermediate H2 or H2O. These neutrals stay in the vicinity of the precursor, and roaming
mechanisms lead to isomerization and finally PT resulting in emission
of H3+ or H3O+. The present
findings can help to understand the complex fragmentation dynamics
of molecular cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enliang Wang
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xueguang Ren
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road 28, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Alexander Dorn
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Hu S, Hartmann M, Harth A, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Noise effects and the impact of detector responses on the characterization of extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses. Appl Opt 2020; 59:2121-2127. [PMID: 32225737 DOI: 10.1364/ao.379562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We employ numerical simulations to study the effects of noise on the reconstruction of the duration and satellite intensity ratio for transform-limited single and double pulses of 200 as duration. The forms of noise we implement are delay jitters between the attosecond pulse and the near-IR laser field, energy resolution of the photoelectron detector, and Poisson noise in streaking spectrograms with different count levels. We use the streaking method to characterize the pulse and the extended ptychographic iterative engine retrieval algorithm to reconstruct the pulse from the simulated streaking spectrogram. We found that, for practical purposes, when implementing a combination of all three mentioned noise contributions, the attosecond pulse duration will be overestimated when the photoelectron count level is low. Furthermore, the satellite pulse amplitude of the attosecond double pulse can be retrieved within 10% accuracy.
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40
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Ben Ltaief L, Shcherbinin M, Mandal S, Krishnan SR, Richter R, Pfeifer T, Bauer M, Ghosh A, Mudrich M, Gokhberg K, LaForge AC. Electron transfer mediated decay of alkali dimers attached to He nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8557-8564. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double ionization of alkali dimers attached to He nanodroplets by electron transfer mediated decay (ETMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Ben Ltaief
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - M. Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - S. Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - S. R. Krishnan
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - R. Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste
- 34149 Basovizza
- Italy
| | - T. Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik
- 69117 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - M. Bauer
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - A. Ghosh
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - M. Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
| | - K. Gokhberg
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - A. C. LaForge
- Department of Physics
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
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41
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Ben Ltaief L, Shcherbinin M, Mandal S, Krishnan SR, LaForge AC, Richter R, Turchini S, Zema N, Pfeifer T, Fasshauer E, Sisourat N, Mudrich M. Charge Exchange Dominates Long-Range Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Excited Metal-Doped Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6904-6909. [PMID: 31625747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atoms and molecules attached to rare-gas clusters are ionized by an interatomic autoionization process traditionally termed "Penning ionization" when the host cluster is resonantly excited. Here we analyze this process in the light of the interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) mechanism, which usually contains a contribution from charge exchange at a short interatomic distance and one from virtual photon transfer at a large interatomic distance. For helium (He) nanodroplets doped with alkali metal atoms (Li, Rb), we show that long-range and short-range contributions to the interatomic autoionization can be clearly distinguished by detecting electrons and ions in coincidence. Surprisingly, ab initio calculations show that even for alkali metal atoms floating in dimples at a large distance from the nanodroplet surface, autoionization is largely dominated by charge-exchange ICD. Furthermore, the measured electron spectra manifest the ultrafast internal relaxation of the droplet mainly into the 1s2s1S state and partially into the metastable 1s2s3S state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ben Ltaief
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - M Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - S Mandal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411008 , India
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics , Indian Institute of Technology , Madras, Chennai 600 036 , India
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Basovizza, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - S Turchini
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - N Zema
- Istituto Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , 00133 Roma , Italy
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik , 69117 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - E Fasshauer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - N Sisourat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Aarhus University , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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42
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Ott C, Aufleger L, Ding T, Rebholz M, Magunia A, Hartmann M, Stooß V, Wachs D, Birk P, Borisova GD, Meyer K, Rupprecht P, da Costa Castanheira C, Moshammer R, Attar AR, Gaumnitz T, Loh ZH, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Ullrich J, Jiang Y, Meyer M, Lambropoulos P, Pfeifer T. Strong-Field Extreme-Ultraviolet Dressing of Atomic Double Excitation. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:163201. [PMID: 31702368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.163201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental observation of a strong-field dressing of an autoionizing two-electron state in helium with intense extreme-ultraviolet laser pulses from a free-electron laser. The asymmetric Fano line shape of this transition is spectrally resolved, and we observe modifications of the resonance asymmetry structure for increasing free-electron-laser pulse energy on the order of few tens of Microjoules. A quantum-mechanical calculation of the time-dependent dipole response of this autoionizing state, driven by classical extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) electric fields, evidences strong-field-induced energy and phase shifts of the doubly excited state, which are extracted from the Fano line-shape asymmetry. The experimental results obtained at the Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg (FLASH) thus correspond to transient energy shifts on the order of a few meV, induced by strong XUV fields. These results open up a new way of performing nonperturbative XUV nonlinear optics for the light-matter interaction of resonant electronic transitions in atoms at short wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Wachs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew R Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yuhai Jiang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Lambropoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Crete and IESL-FORTH, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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43
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Goerttler S, Heeg K, Kaldun A, Reiser P, Strohm C, Haber J, Ott C, Subramanian R, Röhlsberger R, Evers J, Pfeifer T. Time-Resolved sub-Ångström Metrology by Temporal Phase Interferometry near X-Ray Resonances of Nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:153902. [PMID: 31702302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an analytical phase-reconstruction principle that retrieves atomic scale motion via time-domain interferometry. The approach is based on a resonant interaction with high-frequency light and does not require temporal resolution on the time scale of the resonance period. It is thus applicable to hard x rays and γ rays for measurements of extremely small spatial displacements or relative-frequency changes. Here, it is applied to retrieve the temporal phase of a 14.4 keV emission line of an ^{57}Fe sample, which corresponds to a spatial translation of this sample. The small wavelength of this transition (λ=0.86 Å) allows for determining the motion of the emitter on sub-Ångström length and nanosecond timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kilian Heeg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kaldun
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Reiser
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Johann Haber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Evers
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Hartmann M, Stooß V, Birk P, Borisova G, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Attosecond precision in delay measurements using transient absorption spectroscopy. Opt Lett 2019; 44:4749-4752. [PMID: 31568433 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Accessing attosecond (as) dynamics directly in the time domain has been achieved by several pioneering experiments over the course of the last decade. Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) group delays and, later, ionization time delays on the order of a few attoseconds have been extracted by photoemission or high-harmonic spectroscopy. Here, we present and benchmark an approach based on attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to quantify deliberately induced delays by employing resonant photoexcitation of three XUV transitions with a precision of less than 5 as. While here we quantify the sensitivity to these delays via a chirp on the attosecond pulse by using thin-foil metallic filters, the method enables future studies of attosecond delays probed through resonant excitations.
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45
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Obaid R, Schnorr K, Wolf TJA, Takanashi T, Kling NG, Kooser K, Nagaya K, Wada SI, Fang L, Augustin S, You D, Campbell EEB, Fukuzawa H, Schulz CP, Ueda K, Lablanquie P, Pfeifer T, Kukk E, Berrah N. Photo-ionization and fragmentation of Sc 3N@C 80 following excitation above the Sc K-edge. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104308. [PMID: 31521092 DOI: 10.1063/1.5110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the ionization and fragmentation of a metallo-endohedral fullerene, Sc3N@C80, using ultrashort (10 fs) x-ray pulses. Following selective ionization of a Sc (1s) electron (hν = 4.55 keV), an Auger cascade leads predominantly to either a vibrationally cold multiply charged parent molecule or multifragmentation of the carbon cage following a phase transition. In contrast to previous studies, no intermediate regime of C2 evaporation from the carbon cage is observed. A time-delayed, hard x-ray pulse (hν = 5.0 keV) was used to attempt to probe the electron transfer dynamics between the encapsulated Sc species and the carbon cage. A small but significant change in the intensity of Sc-containing fragment ions and coincidence counts for a delay of 100 fs compared to 0 fs, as well as an increase in the yield of small carbon fragment ions, may be indicative of incomplete charge transfer from the carbon cage on the sub-100 fs time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razib Obaid
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | | | - Thomas J A Wolf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tsukasa Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Kuno Kooser
- Deparment of Physics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Wada
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Eleanor E B Campbell
- EastCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Pascal Lablanquie
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Edwin Kukk
- Deparment of Physics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nora Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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46
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Ding T, Rebholz M, Aufleger L, Hartmann M, Meyer K, Stooß V, Magunia A, Wachs D, Birk P, Mi Y, Borisova GD, Castanheira CDC, Rupprecht P, Loh ZH, Attar AR, Gaumnitz T, Roling S, Butz M, Zacharias H, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Cavaletto SM, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Nonlinear Coherence Effects in Transient-Absorption Ion Spectroscopy with Stochastic Extreme-Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:103001. [PMID: 31573300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate time-resolved nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy on multiply charged ions, here applied to the doubly charged neon ion, driven by a phase-locked sequence of two intense free-electron laser pulses. Absorption signatures of resonance lines due to 2p-3d bound-bound transitions between the spin-orbit multiplets ^{3}P_{0,1,2} and ^{3}D_{1,2,3} of the transiently produced doubly charged Ne^{2+} ion are revealed, with time-dependent spectral changes over a time-delay range of (2.4±0.3) fs. Furthermore, we observe 10-meV-scale spectral shifts of these resonances owing to the ac Stark effect. We use a time-dependent quantum model to explain the observations by an enhanced coupling of the ionic quantum states with the partially coherent free-electron laser radiation when the phase-locked pump and probe pulses precisely overlap in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Wachs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Andrew R Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Butz
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Schmid G, Schnorr K, Augustin S, Meister S, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Liu Y, Miteva T, Gisselbrecht M, Düsterer S, Redlin H, Treusch R, Gokhberg K, Kuleff AI, Cederbaum LS, Schröter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R. Tracing charge transfer in argon dimers by XUV-pump IR-probe experiments at FLASH. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084314. [PMID: 31470702 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) at avoided crossings of excited ionized states of argon dimers is observed using a two-color pump-probe experiment at the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH). The process is initiated by the absorption of three 27-eV-photons from the pump pulse, which leads to the population of Ar2+*-Ar states. Due to nonadiabatic coupling between these one-site doubly ionized states and two-site doubly ionized states of the type Ar+*-Ar+, CT can take place leading to the population of the latter states. The onset of this process is probed by a delayed infrared (800 nm) laser pulse. The latter ionizes the dimers populating repulsive Ar2+ -Ar+ states, which then undergo a Coulomb explosion. From the delay-dependent yields of the obtained Ar2+ and Ar+ ions, the lifetime of the charge-transfer process is extracted. The obtained experimental value of (531 ± 136) fs agrees well with the theoretical value computed from Landau-Zener probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schmid
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Schnorr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yifan Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsveta Miteva
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Redlin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirill Gokhberg
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Liu X, Amini K, Steinle T, Sanchez A, Shaikh M, Belsa B, Steinmetzer J, Le AT, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Ullrich J, Moszynski R, Lin CD, Gräfe S, Biegert J. Imaging an isolated water molecule using a single electron wave packet. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:024306. [PMID: 31301712 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Observing changes in molecular structure requires atomic-scale Ångstrom and femtosecond spatio-temporal resolution. We use the Fourier transform (FT) variant of laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED), FT-LIED, to directly retrieve the molecular structure of H2O+ with picometer and femtosecond resolution without a priori knowledge of the molecular structure nor the use of retrieval algorithms or ab initio calculations. We identify a symmetrically stretched H2O+ field-dressed structure that is most likely in the ground electronic state. We subsequently study the nuclear response of an isolated water molecule to an external laser field at four different field strengths. We show that upon increasing the laser field strength from 2.5 to 3.8 V/Å, the O-H bond is further stretched and the molecule slightly bends. The observed ultrafast structural changes lead to an increase in the dipole moment of water and, in turn, a stronger dipole interaction between the nuclear framework of the molecule and the intense laser field. Our results provide important insights into the coupling of the nuclear framework to a laser field as the molecular geometry of H2O+ is altered in the presence of an external field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kasra Amini
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Steinle
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelien Sanchez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moniruzzaman Shaikh
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Belsa
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johannes Steinmetzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Moszynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - C D Lin
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Biegert
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Micke P, Stark J, King SA, Leopold T, Pfeifer T, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Spieß LJ, Schmidt PO, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. Closed-cycle, low-vibration 4 K cryostat for ion traps and other applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:065104. [PMID: 31254988 DOI: 10.1063/1.5088593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In vacuo cryogenic environments are ideal for applications requiring both low temperatures and extremely low particle densities. This enables reaching long storage and coherence times, for example, in ion traps, essential requirements for experiments with highly charged ions, quantum computation, and optical clocks. We have developed a novel cryostat continuously refrigerated with a pulse-tube cryocooler and providing the lowest vibration level reported for such a closed-cycle system with 1 W cooling power for a <5 K experiment. A decoupling system suppresses vibrations from the cryocooler by three orders of magnitude down to a level of 10 nm peak amplitudes in the horizontal plane. Heat loads of about 40 W (at 45 K) and 1 W (at 4 K) are transferred from an experimental chamber, mounted on an optical table, to the cryocooler through a vacuum-insulated massive 120 kg inertial copper pendulum. The 1.4 m long pendulum allows installation of the cryocooler in a separate, acoustically isolated machine room. At the experimental chamber, we measured the residual vibrations using an interferometric setup. The positioning of the 4 K elements is reproduced to better than a few micrometer after a full thermal cycle to room temperature. Extreme high vacuum on the 10-15 mbar level is achieved. In collaboration with the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, such a setup is now in operation at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt for a next-generation optical clock experiment using highly charged ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Stark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L J Spieß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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50
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Stooß V, Hartmann M, Birk P, Borisova GD, Ding T, Blättermann A, Ott C, Pfeifer T. XUV-beamline for attosecond transient absorption measurements featuring a broadband common beam-path time-delay unit and in situ reference spectrometer for high stability and sensitivity. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:053108. [PMID: 31153289 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring bound-state quantum dynamics, excited and driven by strong fields, is achievable by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Here, a vacuum beamline for spectroscopy in the attosecond temporal and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range is presented, which is a tool for observing and controlling nonequilibrium electron dynamics. In particular, we introduce a technique to record an XUV absorption signal and the corresponding reference simultaneously, which greatly improves the signal quality. The apparatus is based on a common beam path design for XUV and near-infrared (NIR) laser light in a vacuum. This ensures minimal spatiotemporal fluctuations between the strong NIR laser and the XUV excitation and reference beams, while the grazing incidence optics enable broadband spectral coverage. The apparatus combines high spectral and temporal resolution together with an increase in sensitivity to weak absorption signatures by an order of magnitude. This opens up new possibilities for studying strong-field-driven electron dynamics in bound systems on their natural attosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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