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Drucker AM, Lam M, Elsawi R, Prieto-Merino D, Malek R, Ellis AG, Yiu ZZN, Rochwerg B, Di Giorgio S, Arents BWM, Burton T, Spuls PI, Schmitt J, Flohr C. Comparing binary efficacy outcomes for systemic immunomodulatory treatments for atopic dermatitis in a living systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:184-190. [PMID: 37831594 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) are evaluated primarily in placebo-controlled trials with binary efficacy outcomes. In a living systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), we previously analysed continuous efficacy measures. OBJECTIVES To compare binary efficacy outcomes of systemic treatments for AD. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information (LILACS) database, Global Resource for Eczema Trials (GREAT) database and trial registries up to 1 March 2023. We included randomized trials examining ≥ 8 weeks of treatment with systemic immunomodulatory medications for moderate-to-severe AD. We screened titles, abstracts and full texts and abstracted data independently, in duplicate. Outcomes included the proportion of patients achieving at least 50%, 75% and 90% improvements in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI 50, EASI 75 and EASI 90, respectively) and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) success. We performed random-effects Bayesian NMAs to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) between each intervention for each outcome. RESULTS Eighty-three trials with 22 122 participants were included in the systematic review. In analyses limited to trials of 8-16 weeks' duration with predominantly adult populations, abrocitinib 200 mg daily (OR 1.5, 95% CrI 1.1-2.2) and upadacitinib 15 mg daily (OR 1.7, 95% CrI 0.9-3.3) and 30 mg daily (OR 2.5, 95% CrI 1.3-5.0) were associated with higher odds of achieving EASI 50 vs. dupilumab. Abrocitinib 100 mg daily (OR 0.7, 95% CrI 0.5-1.0), baricitinib 2 mg daily (OR 0.4, 95% CrI 0.3-0.5) and 4 mg daily (OR 0.5, 95% CrI 0.3-0.7), and tralokinumab (OR 0.4, 95% CrI 0.3-0.6) were associated with lower odds of achieving EASI 50 vs. dupilumab. Results were similar for EASI 75, EASI 90 and IGA success. CONCLUSIONS Supporting results for continuous outcome measures, upadacitinib 30 mg daily and abrocitinib 200 mg daily are the most efficacious with regard to binary efficacy endpoints up to 16 weeks in adults with moderate-to-severe AD, followed by upadacitinib 15 mg daily, dupilumab and abrocitinib 100 mg daily. Dupilumab and both doses of upadacitinib and abrocitinib are more efficacious than baricitinib 4 and 2 mg daily and tralokinumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Department of Medicine and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Lam
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Department of Medicine and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rawaan Elsawi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rayka Malek
- School of Life Course and Population Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Zenas Z N Yiu
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bernd W M Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis (VMCE), Nijkerk, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Burton
- Patient Representative (independent), Nottingham, UK
| | - Phyllis I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health/Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Paediatric and Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
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Lam M, Spuls PI, Leshem YA, Gerbens LAA, Thomas KS, Arents B, Burton T, Flohr C, Drucker AM. Reporting of Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) core outcome set instruments in randomized clinical trials for systemic treatments in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2023; 189:494-496. [PMID: 37434297 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The HOME initiative has successfully completed a core outcome set for atopic dermatitis (AD) trials, and most trials now include the core set instruments. However, to enable evidence synthesis of all relevant trials, reporting must also be standardized. In this study, we evaluated the reporting of the core outcome set instruments in AD systemic treatment trials included in a living systematic review and network meta-analysis. We found that although the core instruments were measured in most trials, they were often not reported sufficiently to enable inclusion in network meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lam
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Phyllis I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yael A Leshem
- Division of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Louise A A Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim S Thomas
- Center of Evidence-based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bernd Arents
- Dutch Association for People With Atopic Dermatitis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carsten Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aaron M Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Einum S, Burton T. Divergence in rates of phenotypic plasticity among ectotherms. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:147-156. [PMID: 36450612 PMCID: PMC10099672 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An individual's fitness cost associated with environmental change likely depends on the rate of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, and yet our understanding of plasticity rates in an ecological and evolutionary context remains limited. We provide the first quantitative synthesis of existing plasticity rate data, focusing on acclimation of temperature tolerance in ectothermic animals, where we demonstrate applicability of a recently proposed analytical approach. The analyses reveal considerable variation in plasticity rates of this trait among species, with half-times (how long it takes for the initial deviation from the acclimated phenotype to be reduced by 50% when individuals are shifted to a new environment) ranging from 3.7 to 770.2 h. Furthermore, rates differ among higher taxa, being higher for amphibians and reptiles than for crustaceans and fishes, and with insects being intermediate. We argue that a more comprehensive understanding of phenotypic plasticity will be attained through increased focus on the rate parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Einum
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim Burton
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
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Cotter C, Burton T, Proctor A, Moss C, Flohr C. Topical steroid withdrawal syndrome: time to bridge the gap. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:780-781. [PMID: 35833942 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Cotter
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Celia Moss
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Paediatric & Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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Musters AH, Broderick C, Prieto‐Merino D, Chiricozzi A, Damiani G, Peris K, Dhar S, De A, Freeman E, Arents BWM, Burton T, Bosma AL, Chi C, Fletcher G, Drucker AM, Kabashima K, de Monchy EF, Panda M, Wall D, Vestergaard C, Mahé E, Bonzano L, Kattach L, Napolitano M, Ordoñez‐Rubiano MF, Haufe E, Patruno C, Irvine AD, Spuls PI, Flohr C. The effects of systemic immunomodulatory treatments on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with atopic dermatitis: Results from the global SECURE-AD registry. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 37:365-381. [PMID: 36169355 PMCID: PMC9537876 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on the effects of systemic immunomodulatory treatments on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE To investigate COVID-19 outcomes in patients with AD treated with or without systemic immunomodulatory treatments, using a global registry platform. METHODS Clinicians were encouraged to report cases of COVID-19 in their patients with AD in the Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Atopic Dermatitis (SECURE-AD) registry. Data entered from 1 April 2020 to 31 October 2021 were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. The primary outcome was hospitalization from COVID-19, according to AD treatment groups. RESULTS 442 AD patients (mean age 35.9 years, 51.8% male) from 27 countries with strongly suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were included in analyses. 428 (96.8%) patients were treated with a single systemic therapy (n = 297 [67.2%]) or topical therapy only (n = 131 [29.6%]). Most patients treated with systemic therapies received dupilumab (n = 216). Fourteen patients (3.2%) received a combination of systemic therapies. Twenty-six patients (5.9%) were hospitalized. No deaths were reported. Patients treated with topical treatments had significantly higher odds of hospitalization, compared with those treated with dupilumab monotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 4.65 [95%CI 1.71-14.78]), including after adjustment for confounding variables (adjusted OR (aOR) 4.99 [95%CI 1.4-20.84]). Combination systemic therapy which did not include systemic corticosteroids was associated with increased odds of hospitalization, compared with single agent non-steroidal immunosuppressive systemic treatment (OR 8.09 [95%CI 0.4-59.96], aOR 37.57 [95%CI 1.05-871.11]). Hospitalization was most likely in patients treated with combination systemic therapy which included systemic corticosteroids (OR 40.43 [95%CI 8.16-207.49], aOR 45.75 [95%CI 4.54-616.22]). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the risk of COVID-19 complications appears low in patients with AD, even when treated with systemic immunomodulatory agents. Dupilumab monotherapy was associated with lower hospitalization than other therapies. Combination systemic treatment, particularly combinations including systemic corticosteroids, was associated with the highest risk of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Musters
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and ImmunityThe Netherlands
| | - C. Broderick
- Unit for Population‐Based Dermatology Research, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. Prieto‐Merino
- Faculty of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - A. Chiricozzi
- Dermatologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly,Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly
| | - G. Damiani
- Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161MilanItaly,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly,PhD Degree Program in Pharmacological Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly
| | - K. Peris
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly,UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli ‐ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - S. Dhar
- Department of Pediatric DermatologyInstitute of Child HealthKolkataIndia
| | - A. De
- Department of DermatologyCalcutta National Medical CollegeKolkataIndia
| | - E. Freeman
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA,Medical Practice Evaluation CenterMongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - B. W. M. Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis (VMCE), NijkerkThe Netherlands
| | - T. Burton
- Patient Representative (independent), NottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - A. L. Bosma
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and ImmunityThe Netherlands
| | - C.‐C. Chi
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinkouTaoyuanTaiwan,College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - G. Fletcher
- National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Charles Institute of DermatologyUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - A. M. Drucker
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College HospitalTorontoCanada
| | - K. Kabashima
- Department of DermatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), BiopolisSingapore
| | - E. F. de Monchy
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and ImmunityThe Netherlands
| | - M. Panda
- Department of DVLInstitute of Medical Sciences and SUM HospitalBhubaneswarOdishaIndia
| | - D. Wall
- National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Charles Institute of DermatologyUniversity College DublinDublinIreland,Hair Restoration BlackrockDublinIreland
| | - C. Vestergaard
- Department of DermatologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - E. Mahé
- Service de Dermatologie et Médecine VasculaireCentre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lieutenant‐Colonel Prud'honArgenteuilCedexFrance
| | - L. Bonzano
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda USL‐IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly
| | - L. Kattach
- Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M. Napolitano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo TiberioUniversity of MoliseCampobassoItaly
| | | | - E. Haufe
- Center for Evidence‐based Health Care (ZEGV), Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - C. Patruno
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Health SciencesUniversity Magna Graecia of CatanzaroItaly
| | | | - P. I. Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and ImmunityThe Netherlands
| | - C. Flohr
- Unit for Population‐Based Dermatology Research, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College LondonLondonUK
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6
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Lau KPL, Agarwal P, Parente L, Marcello O, Lovas M, Van J, Vigod SN, Champagne T, Mohan T, Arents BW, Burton T, Flohr C, Drucker AM. Development of a Website for a Living Network Meta-analysis of Atopic Dermatitis Treatments Using a User-Centered Design: Multimethod Study. JMIR Dermatol 2022; 5:e41201. [PMID: 37632894 PMCID: PMC10334921 DOI: 10.2196/41201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid expansion of systemic immunological treatment options for atopic dermatitis (AD) has created a need for clinically relevant and understandable comparative efficacy and safety information for patients and clinicians. Given the scarcity of head-to-head trials, network meta-analysis (NMA) is an alternative way to enable robust comparisons among treatment options; however, NMA results are often complex and difficult to directly implement in shared decision-making. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop a website that effectively presents the results of a living systematic review and NMA on AD treatments to patient and clinician users. METHODS We conducted a multimethod study using iterative feedback from adults with AD, adult caregivers of children with AD, dermatologists, and allergists within a user-centered design framework. We used questionnaires followed by workshops among patients and clinicians to develop and improve the website interface. Usability testing was done with a caregiver of a patient with eczema. RESULTS Questionnaires were completed by 31 adults with AD or caregivers and 94 clinicians. Patients and caregivers felt it was very important to know about new treatments (20/31, 65%). Clinicians felt the lack of evidence-based comparisons between treatments was a barrier to care (55/93, 59%). "Avoiding dangerous side effects" was ranked as the most important priority for patients (weighted ranking 5.2/7, with higher ranking being more important), and "improving patients' overall symptoms" was the most important priority for clinicians (weighted ranking 5.0/6). A total of 4 patients and 7 clinicians participated in workshops; they appreciated visualizations of the NMA results and found the website valuable for comparing different treatments. The patients suggested changes to simplify the interface and clarify terminology related to comparative efficacy. The user in the usability testing found the website intuitive to navigate. CONCLUSIONS We developed a website, "eczematherapies.com," with a user-centered design approach. Visualizations of NMA results enable users to compare treatments as part of their shared decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen P L Lau
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Parente
- Healthcare Human Factors, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Marcello
- Healthcare Human Factors, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mike Lovas
- Cancer Digital Intelligence, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Simone N Vigod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Champagne
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dermatology Division, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya Mohan
- Specialty Health Network, Shoppers Drug Mart, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bernd Wm Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis, Nijkerk, Netherlands
| | | | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron M Drucker
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Burton T, Ratikainen II, Einum S. Environmental change and the rate of phenotypic plasticity. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5337-5345. [PMID: 35729070 PMCID: PMC9541213 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With rapid and less predictable environmental change emerging as the 'new norm', understanding how individuals tolerate environmental stress via plastic, often reversible changes to the phenotype (i.e., reversible phenotypic plasticity, RPP), remains a key issue in ecology. Here, we examine the potential for better understanding how organisms overcome environmental challenges within their own lifetimes by scrutinizing a somewhat overlooked aspect of RPP, namely the rate at which it can occur. Although recent advances in the field provide indication of the aspects of environmental change where RPP rates may be of particular ecological relevance, we observe that current theoretical models do not consider the evolutionary potential of the rate of RPP. Whilst recent theory underscores the importance of environmental predictability in determining the slope of the evolved reaction norm for a given trait (i.e., how much plasticity can occur), a hitherto neglected possibility is that the rate of plasticity might be a more dynamic component of this relationship than previously assumed. If the rate of plasticity itself can evolve, as empirical evidence foreshadows, rates of plasticity may have the potential to alter the level predictability in the environment as perceived by the organism and thus influence the slope of the evolved reaction norm. However, optimality in the rate of phenotypic plasticity, its evolutionary dynamics in different environments and influence of constraints imposed by associated costs remain unexplored and may represent fruitful avenues of exploration in future theoretical and empirical treatments of the topic. We conclude by reviewing published studies of RPP rates, providing suggestions for improving the measurement of RPP rates, both in terms of experimental design and in the statistical quantification of this component of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchTrondheimNorway
| | - Irja Ida Ratikainen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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Einum S, Ullern ER, Walsh M, Burton T. Evolution of population dynamics following invasion by a non‐native predator. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9348. [PMID: 36188513 PMCID: PMC9487876 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Emil R. Ullern
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Matthew Walsh
- Department of Biology University of Texas at Arlington Arlington Texas USA
| | - Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
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Rani V, Burton T, Walsh M, Einum S. Evolutionary change in metabolic rate of Daphnia pulicaria following invasion by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9003. [PMID: 35784058 PMCID: PMC9168341 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rate is a trait that may evolve in response to the direct and indirect effects of predator-induced mortality. Predators may indirectly alter selection by lowering prey densities and increasing resource availability or by intensifying resource limitation through changes in prey behavior (e.g., use of less productive areas). In the current study, we quantify the evolution of metabolic rate in the zooplankton Daphnia pulicaria following an invasive event by the predator Bythotrephes longimanus in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, US. This invasion has been shown to dramatically impact D. pulicaria, causing a ~60% decline in their biomass. Using a resurrection ecology approach, we compared the metabolic rate of D. pulicaria clones originating prior to the Bythotrephes invasion with that of clones having evolved in the presence of Bythotrephes. We observed a 7.4% reduction in metabolic rate among post-invasive clones compared to pre-invasive clones and discuss the potential roles of direct and indirect selection in driving this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rani
- Department of BiologyCentre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Community EcologyCenter for Ecological ResearchBudapestHungary
| | - Tim Burton
- Department of BiologyCentre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature ResearchTrondheimNorway
| | - Matthew Walsh
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Department of BiologyCentre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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Drucker AM, Morra DE, Prieto-Merino D, Ellis AG, Yiu ZZN, Rochwerg B, Di Giorgio S, Arents BWM, Burton T, Spuls PI, Schmitt J, Flohr C. Systemic Immunomodulatory Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis: Update of a Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2022; 158:523-532. [PMID: 35293977 PMCID: PMC8928094 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Question What is the association of systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis with Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores? Findings This systematic review with meta-analysis found that compared with dupilumab, abrocitinib, 200 mg daily, and upadacitinib, 30 mg daily, were associated with reductions in EASI scores; upadacitinib, 15 mg daily, was associated with similar reductions, and tralokinumab, 300 mg every other week, and baricitinib, 2 and 4 mg daily, were associated with fewer reductions. Meaning Compared with dupilumab, different doses of abrocitinib, baricitinib, tralokinumab, and upadacitinib were associated with reductions in EASI scores for patients with atopic dermatitis; the relative effect estimates reported herein may help clinicians and patients make informed treatment choices. Importance Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis are being evaluated primarily in placebo-controlled trials; network meta-analysis can provide relative efficacy and safety estimates for treatments that have not been compared head to head. Objective To compare reported measures of efficacy and assessments of safety in clinical trials of systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis in a living systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data Sources The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database, Global Resource of EczemA Trials database, and trial registries were searched through June 15, 2021. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials examining 8 or more weeks of treatment with systemic immunomodulatory medications for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis were included after screening titles, abstracts, and papers in duplicate. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were abstracted in duplicate. Bayesian network meta-analyses and assessed Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of evidence were performed. The updated analysis was completed from June to December 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes include change in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scales (PP-NRS). Results Since October 2019, 21 new studies were added, for a total of 60 trials with 16 579 patients. Up to 16 weeks of treatment in adults, abrocitinib, 200 mg daily (mean difference [MD], 2.2; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.2-4.0; high certainty) and upadacitinib, 30 mg daily (MD, 2.7; 95% CrI, 0.6-4.7; high certainty) were associated with reduced EASI slightly more than dupilumab, 600 mg then 300 mg every 2 weeks. Abrocitinib, 100 mg daily (MD, −2.1; 95% CrI, −4.1 to −0.3; high certainty), baricitinib, 4 mg daily (MD, −3.2; 95% CrI, −5.7 to −0.8; high certainty), baricitinib, 2 mg daily (MD, −5.2; 95% CrI, −7.5 to −2.9; high certainty) and tralokinumab, 600 mg then 300 mg every 2 weeks (MD, −3.5; 95% CrI, −5.8 to −1.3; high certainty) were associated with reduced EASI slightly less than dupilumab. There was little or no difference between upadacitinib, 15 mg daily, and dupilumab (MD, 0.2; 95% CrI, −1.9 to 2.2; high certainty). The pattern of results was similar for POEM, DLQI, and PP-NRS. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, abrocitinib, 200 mg; and upadacitinib, 30 mg daily, were associated with slightly better scores than dupilumab, and upadacitinib, 15 mg daily, was associated with similar scores to dupilumab. Abrocitinib, 100 mg daily, baricitinib, 4 mg and 2 mg daily, and tralokinumab, 300 mg, every 2 weeks were associated with slightly worse scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deanna E Morra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Prieto-Merino
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zenas Z N Yiu
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingodm
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Departments of Medicine and Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonya Di Giorgio
- Libraries & Collections, King's College London, London, United Kingodm
| | - Bernd W M Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis (VMCE), Nijkerk, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Burton
- Patient Representative (independent), Nottingham, United Kingodm
| | - Phyllis I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health/Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Wall D, Alhusayen R, Arents B, Apfelbacher C, Balogh EA, Bokhari L, Bloem M, Bosma AL, Burton T, Castelo-Soccio L, Fagan N, Feldman SR, Fletcher G, Flohr C, Freeman E, French LE, Griffiths CEM, Hruza GJ, Ingram JR, Kappelman MD, Lara-Corrales I, Lim HW, Meah N, McMahon DE, Mahil SK, McNicoll I, Musters A, Naik HB, Sinclair R, Smith CH, Spuls P, Tobin DJ, York K, Irvine AD. Learning from disease registries during a pandemic: Moving toward an international federation of patient registries. Clin Dermatol 2021; 39:467-478. [PMID: 34518006 PMCID: PMC8432911 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-quality dermatology patient registries often require considerable time to develop and produce meaningful data. Development time is influenced by registry complexity and regulatory hurdles that vary significantly nationally and institutionally. The rapid emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has challenged health services in an unprecedented manner. Mobilization of the dermatology community in response has included rapid development and deployment of multiple, partially harmonized, international patient registries, reinventing established patient registry timelines. Partnership with patient organizations has demonstrated the critical nature of inclusive patient involvement. This global effort has demonstrated the value, capacity, and necessity for the dermatology community to adopt a more cohesive approach to patient registry development and data sharing that can lead to myriad benefits. These include improved utilization of limited resources, increased data interoperability, improved ability to rapidly collect meaningful data, and shortened response times to generate real-world evidence. We call on the global dermatology community to support the development of an international federation of patient registries to consolidate and operationalize the lessons learned during this pandemic. This will provide an enduring means of applying this knowledge to the maintenance and development of sustainable, coherent, and impactful patient registries of benefit now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Wall
- Hair Restoration Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland; National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Raed Alhusayen
- Division of Dermatology and Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernd Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis, Nijkerk, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Family Medicine and Primary Care, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Esther A Balogh
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Manja Bloem
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela L Bosma
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leslie Castelo-Soccio
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Fagan
- University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Godfrey Fletcher
- National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Esther Freeman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Munich University of Ludwig Maximilian, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, The University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - George J Hruza
- St. Louis University Department of Dermatology, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John R Ingram
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael D Kappelman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irene Lara-Corrales
- Section of Dermatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nekma Meah
- Sinclair Dermatology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Devon E McMahon
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian McNicoll
- Centre for Health Informatics and Multiprofessional Education (CHIME), University College London, London, UK
| | - Annelie Musters
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haley B Naik
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Phyllis Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine York
- Netcare Greenacres Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Alan D Irvine
- National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Fathieh F, Paak M, Khosousi A, Burton T, Sanders WE, Doomra A, Lange E, Khedraki R, Bhavnani S, Ramchandani S. Predicting cardiac disease from interactions of simultaneously-acquired hemodynamic and cardiac signals. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 202:105970. [PMID: 33610035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.105970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure are the most common cardiovascular diseases. Non-invasive diagnostic testing for CAD requires radiation, heart rate acceleration, and imaging infrastructure. Early detection of left ventricular dysfunction is critical in heart failure management, the best measure of which is an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) that can only be measured using invasive cardiac catheterization. There exists a need for non-invasive, safe, and fast diagnostic testing for CAD and elevated LVEDP. This research employs nonlinear dynamics to assess for significant CAD and elevated LVEDP using non-invasively acquired photoplethysmographic (PPG) and three-dimensional orthogonal voltage gradient (OVG) signals. PPG (variations of the blood volume perfusing the tissue) and OVG (mechano-electrical activity of the heart) signals represent the dynamics of the cardiovascular system. METHODS PPG and OVG were simultaneously acquired from two cohorts, (i) symptomatic subjects that underwent invasive cardiac catheterization, the gold standard test (408 CAD positive with stenosis≥ 70% and 186 with LVEDP≥ 20 mmHg) and (ii) asymptomatic healthy controls (676). A set of Poincaré-based synchrony features were developed to characterize the interactions between the OVG and PPG signals. The extracted features were employed to train machine learning models for CAD and LVEDP. Five-fold cross-validation was used and the best model was selected based on the average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) across 100 runs, then assessed using a hold-out test set. RESULTS The Elastic Net model developed on the synchrony features can effectively classify CAD positive subjects from healthy controls with an average validation AUC=0.90±0.03 and an AUC= 0.89 on the test set. The developed model for LVEDP can discriminate subjects with elevated LVEDP from healthy controls with an average validation AUC=0.89±0.03 and an AUC=0.89 on the test set. The feature contributions results showed that the selection of a proper registration point for Poincaré analysis is essential for the development of predictive models for different disease targets. CONCLUSIONS Nonlinear features from simultaneously-acquired signals used as inputs to machine learning can assess CAD and LVEDP safely and accurately with an easy-to-use, portable device, utilized at the point-of-care without radiation, contrast, or patient preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Fathieh
- CorVista Health(†), 160 Bloor St. East, Suite 910, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Paak
- CorVista Health(†), 160 Bloor St. East, Suite 910, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Khosousi
- CorVista Health(†), 160 Bloor St. East, Suite 910, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Burton
- CorVista Health(†), 160 Bloor St. East, Suite 910, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William E Sanders
- CorVista Health, Inc., 401 Harrison Oaks Blvd, Suite 100, Cary, NC, USA
| | - Abhinav Doomra
- CorVista Health(†), 160 Bloor St. East, Suite 910, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Lange
- CorVista Health(†), 160 Bloor St. East, Suite 910, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rola Khedraki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Healthcare Innovation Laboratory, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Bhavnani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Healthcare Innovation Laboratory, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shyam Ramchandani
- CorVista Health(†), 160 Bloor St. East, Suite 910, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Refinement in machine learning (ML) techniques and approaches has rapidly expanded artificial intelligence applications for the diagnosis and classification of heart failure (HF). This review is designed to provide the clinician with the basics of ML, as well as this technologies future utility in HF diagnosis and the potential impact on patient outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies applying ML methods to unique data sets available from electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, echocardiography, and electronic health records show significant promise for improving diagnosis, enhancing detection, and advancing treatment of HF. Innovations in both supervised and unsupervised methods have heightened the diagnostic accuracy of models developed to identify the presence of HF and further augmentation of model capabilities are likely utilizing ensembles of ML algorithms derived from different techniques. SUMMARY This article is an overview of recent applications of ML to achieve improved diagnosis of HF and the resultant implications for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Sanders
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- CorVista Health, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tim Burton
- CorVista Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Thomas KS, Apfelbacher CA, Chalmers JR, Simpson E, Spuls PI, Gerbens LAA, Williams HC, Schmitt J, Gabes M, Howells L, Stuart BL, Grinich E, Pawlitschek T, Burton T, Howie L, Gadkari A, Eckert L, Ebata T, Boers M, Saeki H, Nakahara T, Katoh N. Recommended core outcome instruments for health-related quality of life, long-term control and itch intensity in atopic eczema trials: results of the HOME VII consensus meeting. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:139-146. [PMID: 33393074 PMCID: PMC8359383 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative has established a core outcome set of domains for atopic eczema (AE) clinical trials. Previous consensus meetings have agreed on preferred instruments for clinician‐reported signs (Eczema Area and Severity Index, EASI) and patient‐reported symptoms (Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure, POEM). This paper reports consensus decisions from the HOME VII meeting. Objectives To complete the core outcome set for AE by agreeing on core outcome instruments for the domains of quality of life (QoL), long‐term control and itch intensity. Methods A face‐to‐face consensus meeting was held in Tokyo, Japan (8–10 April 2019) including 75 participants (49 healthcare professionals/methodologists, 14 patients, 12 industry representatives) from 16 countries. Consensus decisions were made by presentations of evidence, followed by whole and small group discussions and anonymous voting using predefined consensus rules. Results It was agreed by consensus that QoL should be measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for adults, the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children and the Infant’s Dermatology Quality of Life Index (IDQoL) for infants. For long‐term control, the Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) instrument or the Atopic Dermatitis Control Test (ADCT) should be used. Consensus was not reached over the frequency of data collection for long‐term control. The peak itch numerical rating scale (NRS)‐11 past 24 h was recommended as an additional instrument for the symptom domain in trials of older children and adults. Agreement was reached that all core outcome instruments should be captured at baseline and at the time of primary outcome assessment as a minimum. Conclusions For now, the core outcome set for clinical trials in AE is complete. The specified domains and instruments should be used in all new clinical trials and systematic reviews of eczema treatments.
What is already known about this topic?
Core outcomes sets improve the design and reporting of clinical trials, reduce selective outcome reporting bias and facilitate meta‐analysis of results in systematic reviews. The HOME core outcome set for eczema recommends the inclusion of four core domains in all atopic eczema trials: clinician‐reported signs, patient‐reported symptoms, health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) and long‐term control. Clinician‐reported signs should be captured using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and patient‐reported symptoms using the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM).
What does this study add?
The HOME core outcome set is now complete and recommended core outcome instruments have been agreed on for all four domains. Core outcome instruments for HrQoL: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for adults, Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children and Infant’s Dermatology Quality of Life Index (IDQoL) for infants. Core outcome instruments for long‐term control: either the Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) or the Atopic Dermatitis Control Test (ADCT). In addition, itch intensity should be measured using the peak NRS‐11 past 24 h for trials including older children and adults.
What are the clinical implications of this work?
If all future trials of eczema treatments include the HOME core outcome instruments, then trial results will be more readily incorporated into meta‐analyses in systematic reviews and clinical care will be informed by the best available evidence.
Linked Comment: D.F. Murrell and C.F. Paul. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:13–14.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - C A Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research (ISMHSR), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A A Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gabes
- Medical Sociology, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Howells
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - B L Stuart
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Grinich
- School of Medicine (Department of Dermatology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Pawlitschek
- School of Medicine (Department of Dermatology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Burton
- Patient representative (independent), Nottingham, UK
| | - L Howie
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Gadkari
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Ingelheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - L Eckert
- Global Dupixent Business Partner, sanofi GHEVA, 1 av. Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, 91380, France
| | - T Ebata
- Chitofuna Dermatology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Boers
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Thomas KS, Apfelbacher CA, Chalmers JR, Simpson E, Spuls PI, Gerbens LAA, Williams HC, Schmitt J, Gabes M, Howells L, Stuart BL, Grinich E, Pawlitschek T, Burton T, Howie L, Gadkari A, Eckert L, Ebata T, Boers M, Saeki H, Nakahara T, Katoh N. Recommended core outcome instruments for health-related quality of life, long-term control and itch intensity in atopic eczema trials: results of the HOME VII consensus meeting. Br J Dermatol 2020:bjd.19673. [PMID: 33179283 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative has established a core outcome set of domains for atopic eczema clinical trials. Previous consensus meetings have agreed upon preferred instruments for clinician-reported signs (Eczema Area and Severity Index - EASI) and patient-reported symptoms (Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure - POEM). This paper reports consensus decisions from the HOME VII meeting. OBJECTIVE To complete the core outcome set for atopic eczema by agreeing upon core outcome instruments for the domains of quality of life, long-term control and itch intensity. METHODS Face-to-face consensus meeting held in Tokyo, Japan (8th to 10th April, 2019) including 74 participants (47 healthcare professionals/methodologists, 14 patients, 13 industry representatives), from 16 countries. Consensus decisions were made by presentations of evidence, followed by whole and small group discussions and anonymous voting using pre-defined consensus rules. RESULTS It was agreed by consensus that quality of life should be measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for adults, the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children, and the Infant's Dermatology Quality of Life Index (IDQoL) for infants. For long-term control, the Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) instrument or the Atopic Dermatitis Control Test (ADCT) should be used. Consensus was not reached over the frequency of data collection for long-term control. The peak itch numerical rating scale(NRS)-11 past 24 hours was recommended as an additional instrument for the symptom domain in trials of older children and adults. Agreement was reached that all core outcome instruments should be captured at baseline and at the time of primary outcome assessment as a minimum. CONCLUSIONS For now, the core outcome set for clinical trials in atopic eczema is complete. The specified domains and instruments should be used in all new clinical trials and systematic reviews of eczema treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - C A Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research (ISMHSR), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A A Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gabes
- Medical Sociology, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Howells
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - B L Stuart
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Grinich
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - T Pawlitschek
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - T Burton
- Patient Representative (independent), Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - L Howie
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Gadkari
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc, Germany
| | - L Eckert
- Global Dupixent Business Partner, sanofi GHEVA, 1 av. Pierre Brossolette, 91 380, Chilly Mazatin, France
| | - T Ebata
- Chitofuna Dermatology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Boers
- Department of Epidemiology and data Science; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Davis G, Schladweiler K, Chung Y, Emmanuel B, Kreindler J, Katial R, Burton T, Blauer-Peterson C, Seare J, Peters A. P504 HEALTH CARE RESOURCE USE AND COST FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Peters A, Schladweiler K, Chung Y, Emmanuel B, Kreindler J, Katial R, Burton T, Blauer-Peterson C, Seare J, Davis G. P510 CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITH NASAL POLYPOSIS: DEMOGRAPHICS AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS BASED ON SURGERY STATUS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Drucker AM, Ellis AG, Bohdanowicz M, Mashayekhi S, Yiu ZZN, Rochwerg B, Di Giorgio S, Arents BWM, Burton T, Spuls PI, Küster D, Siegels D, Schmitt J, Flohr C. Systemic Immunomodulatory Treatments for Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:659-667. [PMID: 32320001 PMCID: PMC7177646 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Most clinical trials assessing systemic immunomodulatory treatments for patients with atopic dermatitis are placebo-controlled. Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of systemic immunomodulatory treatments for patients with atopic dermatitis in a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data Sources The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database, Global Resource of Eczema Trials database, and clinical trial registries were searched from inception to October 28, 2019. Study Selection English-language randomized clinical trials of 8 weeks or more of treatment with systemic immunomodulatory medications for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were included. Titles, abstracts, and articles were screened in duplicate. Of 10 324 citations, 39 trials were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted in duplicate, and the review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses for Network Meta-Analyses guidelines. Random-effects bayesian network meta-analyses were performed and certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Main Outcomes and Measures Prespecified outcomes were change in signs of disease, symptoms, quality of life, itch, withdrawals, and serious adverse events. Results A total of 39 trials with 6360 patients examining 20 medications and placebo were included. Most trials were conducted for adults receiving up to 16 weeks of therapy. Dupilumab, 300 mg every 2 weeks, was associated with improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index score vs placebo (mean difference, 11.3-point reduction; 95% credible interval [CrI], 9.7-13.1 [high certainty]). Cyclosporine (standardized mean difference, -1.1; 95% CrI, -1.7 to -0.5 [low certainty]) and dupilumab (standardized mean difference, -0.9; 95% CrI, -1.0 to -0.8 [high certainty]) were similarly effective vs placebo in clearing clinical signs of atopic dermatitis and may be superior to methotrexate (standardized mean difference, -0.6; 95% CrI, -1.1 to 0.0 [low certainty]) and azathioprine (standardized mean difference, -0.4; 95% CrI, -0.8 to -0.1 [low certainty]). Several investigational medications for atopic dermatitis are promising, but data to date are limited to small early-phase trials. Safety analyses were limited by low event rates. Conclusions and Relevance Dupilumab and cyclosporine may be more effective for up to 16 weeks of treatment than methotrexate and azathioprine for treating adult patients with atopic dermatitis. More studies directly comparing established and novel treatments beyond 16 weeks are needed and will be incorporated into future updates of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Women’s College Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra G. Ellis
- Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michal Bohdanowicz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soudeh Mashayekhi
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zenas Z. N. Yiu
- Dermatology Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonya Di Giorgio
- Libraries & Collections, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd W. M. Arents
- Dutch Association for People With Atopic Dermatitis, Nijkerk, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Burton
- Patient Representative (independent), Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Phyllis I. Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Küster
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Doreen Siegels
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Burton T, Einum S. The old and the large may suffer disproportionately during episodes of high temperature: evidence from a keystone zooplankton species. Conserv Physiol 2020; 8:coaa038. [PMID: 32411372 PMCID: PMC7210711 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Widespread declines in the body size of aquatic ectotherms have been attributed to the poorer ability of older, larger individuals to tolerate high temperature. Here, using the thermal death time curve framework, we investigate the relationship between temperature tolerance and size/age by measuring the change in heat tolerance of the keystone zooplankton species Daphnia magna across a range of temperature intensities (and hence exposures of varying duration) among individuals that differed up to 3-fold in size and thus varied in age also. Across the gradient of exposure temperatures, younger, smaller individuals were more tolerant than older, larger individuals. This suggests that the young and the small may be better equipped to withstand temperature challenges that are both intense/brief and more moderate/prolonged. Our study generalizes results obtained from more acute tolerance assays, providing physiological evidence consistent with the observed reductions in ectotherm body size as a response to warming in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Abstract
When a change in the environment occurs, organisms can maintain an optimal phenotypic state via plastic, reversible changes to their phenotypes. These adjustments, when occurring within a generation, are described as the process of acclimation. While acclimation has been studied for more than half a century, global environmental change has stimulated renewed interest in quantifying variation in the rate and capacity with which this process occurs, particularly among ectothermic organisms. Yet, despite the likely ecological importance of acclimation capacity and rate, how these traits change throughout life among members of the same species is largely unstudied. Here we investigate these relationships by measuring the acute heat tolerance of the clonally reproducing zooplankter Daphnia magna of different size/age and acclimation status. The heat tolerance of individuals completely acclimated to relatively warm (28°C) or cool (17°C) temperatures diverged during development, indicating that older, larger individuals had a greater capacity to increase heat tolerance. However, when cool acclimated individuals were briefly exposed to the warm temperature (i.e. were 'heat-hardened'), it was younger, smaller animals with less capacity to acclimate that were able to do so more rapidly because they obtained or came closer to obtaining complete acclimation of heat tolerance. Our results illustrate that within a species, individuals can differ substantially in how rapidly and by how much they can respond to environmental change. We urge greater investigation of the intraspecific relationship between acclimation and development along with further consideration of the factors that might contribute to these enigmatic patterns of phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna-Kaisa Lakka
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Burton T, Rollinson N, McKelvey S, Stewart DC, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. Adaptive Maternal Investment in the Wild? Links between Maternal Growth Trajectory and Offspring Size, Growth, and Survival in Contrasting Environments. Am Nat 2020; 195:678-690. [PMID: 32216673 DOI: 10.1086/707518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Life-history theory predicts that investment per offspring should correlate negatively with the quality of the environment that offspring are anticipated to encounter; parents may use their own experience as juveniles to predict this environment and may modulate offspring traits, such as growth capacity and initial size. We manipulated nutrient levels in the juvenile habitat of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to investigate the hypothesis that the egg size that maximizes juvenile growth and survival depends on environmental quality. We also tested whether offspring traits were related to parental growth trajectory. Mothers that grew fast when young produced more offspring and smaller offspring than mothers that grew slowly to reach the same size. Despite their size disadvantage, offspring of faster-growing mothers grew faster than those of slower-growing mothers in all environments, counter to the expectation that they would be competitively disadvantaged. However, they had lower relative survival in environments where the density of older predatory/competitor fish was relatively high. These links between maternal (but not paternal) growth trajectory and offspring survival rate were independent of egg size, underscoring that mothers may be adjusting egg traits other than size to suit the environment their offspring are anticipated to face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Hanna‐Kaisa Lakka
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Department of Biology Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
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Khedraki R, Burton T, Cohoon T, Shen C, Khosousi A, Lange E, Sanders WE, Bhavnani S. FIRST-IN-MAN DEVELOPMENT OF A MACHINE LEARNING CARDIAC PHASE SPACE ANALYTIC APPROACH TO PREDICT ELEVATED LEFT VENTRICULAR PRESSURES. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)34122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Howells LM, Chalmers JR, Gran S, Ahmed A, Apfelbacher C, Burton T, Howie L, Lawton S, Ridd MJ, Rogers NK, Sears AV, Spuls P, von Kobyletzki L, Thomas KS. Development and initial testing of a new instrument to measure the experience of eczema control in adults and children: Recap of atopic eczema (RECAP). Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:524-536. [PMID: 31794074 PMCID: PMC7496132 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Eczema control has been identified as an important outcome by key stakeholders in eczema research (including patients, carers, healthcare professionals and researchers) but no validated instruments for the domain have been identified. Objectives To develop a measurement instrument to capture a patient's perspective of eczema control that is suitable for use in eczema clinical trials. Methods Best practice for the development of a patient‐reported outcome was followed. A mixed‐methods approach was used to develop and refine a conceptual framework, generate, refine and select items and to test the distribution and construct validity of the final scale. The mixed‐methods approach involved expert panel meetings (including patient representatives, healthcare professionals and methodologists), and data collection using a focus group, cognitive interviews and an online survey with people with eczema and caregivers. Multivariable linear regression was used in the item selection process. Results Fourteen expert panel members co‐produced the instrument, with input from people with eczema and caregivers via a focus group (n = 6), cognitive interviews (n = 13) and an online survey (n = 330). The resulting instrument, Recap of atopic eczema (RECAP), is a seven‐item questionnaire that captures eczema control via self or caregiver report. The development process aimed to ensure good content validity and feasibility. Initial testing suggested no floor or ceiling effects and good construct validity. Hypothesized correlation with the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure was confirmed [r(258) = 0·83, P < 0·001]. Conclusions RECAP has the potential to improve reporting of eczema control in research and clinical practice. Further exploration of measurement properties is required. Linked Comment: Pattinson and Bundy. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:418–419. What's already known about this topic? Eczema control has been identified as an important outcome by key stakeholders in eczema research (including patients, carers, healthcare professionals and researchers). Qualitative studies suggest eczema control is a multifaceted and individual experience and no instrument has been identified that captures eczema control in this way.
What does this study add? We have developed Recap of atopic eczema (RECAP), a seven‐item questionnaire to capture the experience of eczema control in all ages and eczema severities; there are two versions: a self‐reported version for adults and older children with eczema, and a caregiver‐reported version for younger children with eczema. Designed with input from people with eczema, caregivers and healthcare professionals to ensure good content validity. Initial testing of score distributions and construct validity suggests good measurement properties.
What are the clinical implications of the work? The RECAP instrument is appropriate and feasible for measuring eczema control in clinical trials and may also be useful in routine practice.
Linked Comment: Pattinson and Bundy. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:418–419. Plain language summary available online
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Howells
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Gran
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Ahmed
- Patient representative, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Apfelbacher
- Department of Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine and Health Economics, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T Burton
- Patient representative, Nottingham, UK
| | - L Howie
- Patient representative, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S Lawton
- Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust, Rotherham, UK
| | - M J Ridd
- Department of Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N K Rogers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A V Sears
- St John's Institute of Dermatology and Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L von Kobyletzki
- Centre for Clinical Research, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.,Centre for Clinical Research, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Hanson N, Ounsley J, Burton T, Auer S, Hunt JH, Shaw B, Henderson J, Middlemas SJ. Hierarchical analysis of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fecundity in relation to body size and developmental traits. J Fish Biol 2020; 96:316-326. [PMID: 31647569 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using data from wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar returning to spawn in seven Scottish rivers, we developed a model of fecundity based on individual body size and key developmental traits. We used a novel approach to model selection which maximises predictive accuracy for application to target river stocks to select the best from a suite of Bayesian hierarchical models. This approach aims to ensure the optimal model within the candidate set includes covariates that best predict out-of-sample data to estimate fecundity in areas where no direct observations are available. In addition to body size, the final model included the developmental characteristics of age at smolting and years spent at sea. Using two independent long-term monitoring datasets, the consequences of ignoring these characteristics was revealed by comparing predictions from the best model with models that omitted them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hanson
- Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Faskally, UK
| | - James Ounsley
- Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Faskally, UK
| | - Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sonya Auer
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James H Hunt
- The Tweed Foundation, The Tweed Fish Conservancy Centre, Drygrange Steading, Melrose, Roxburghshire, UK
| | - Brian Shaw
- Spey Fishery Board & Spey Foundation, Knockando, Morayshire, UK
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26
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Einum S, Ratikainen I, Wright J, Pélabon C, Bech C, Jutfelt F, Stawski C, Burton T. How to quantify thermal acclimation capacity? Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1893-1894. [PMID: 30779405 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of organisms to acclimate will influence their ability to cope with ongoing global changes in thermal regimes. Here we highlight methodological issues associated with recent attempts to quantify variation in acclimation capacity among taxa and environments, and describe how these may introduce bias to conclusions. We then propose a measure of thermal acclimation capacity that more directly quantifies the process of acclimation. Future studies of variation in acclimation capacity should critically evaluate whether their chosen empirical metric accurately reflects the theoretical concept of acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Irja Ratikainen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jonathan Wright
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claus Bech
- Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clare Stawski
- Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Ingram J, Collier F, Brown D, Burton T, Burton J, Chin M, Desai N, Goodacre T, Piguet V, Pink A, Exton L, Mohd Mustapa M. BAD guidelines for the management of HS (acne inversa) 2018. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ingram J, Collier F, Brown D, Burton T, Burton J, Chin M, Desai N, Goodacre T, Piguet V, Pink A, Exton L, Mohd Mustapa M. HS (反常性痤疮) 管理的 BAD 指南 2018. Br J Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Burton T, Hlavacek P, Guo JD, Rosenblatt L, Mardekian J, Ferri M, Russ C, Kline JA. Abstract 110: Clinical Characteristics and Anticoagulant Transition Patterns of Hospitalized Patients with Venous Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Analysis Using Electronic Health Record Data. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/hcq.12.suppl_1.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Describe the clinical characteristics and anticoagulant use of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) transitioning from a hospital setting using an electronic health care (EHR) database.
Methods:
This retrospective EHR study analyzed adults (18+ years) with a VTE diagnosis code during a hospital encounter (emergency department [ED], observation [OBS] area, or inpatient [IP] stay) between 1/1/2012-8/31/2017 (ID period). The first VTE hospital encounter (from admission to discharge) during the ID period was defined as the index VTE encounter. Patients with evidence of atrial fibrillation/flutter, pregnancy, or multiple oral anticoagulants during the index VTE encounter were excluded. Clinical characteristics and anticoagulants administered during the index VTE encounter and ordered on the discharge date were reported descriptively.
Results:
Among the 282,978 patients identified, the mean age (SD) age was 61 (17) years; 48% (136,155 of 282,978) were male; 78% (221,120 of 282,978) were Caucasian; 59% (167,628 of 282,978) had deep vein thrombosis without a pulmonary embolism; 18% (49,596 of 282,978) had evidence of cancer; and 7% (19,447 of 282,978) had evidence of a provoked etiology (hormonal therapy, lower extremity fracture/trauma, pelvic/orthopedic surgery) during the index VTE encounter. Nearly three-quarters (199,568 of 282,978) were admitted for an IP stay with a median length of stay of 6 days; the remaining 29% (83,410 of 282,978) were treated in an ED or OBS area only. Overall, 73% (207,640 of 282,978) were discharged home, 19% (54,283 of 282,978) were discharged to another IP facility, and 7% (21,055 of 282,978) had other or unknown discharge status. During the index VTE encounter, 67% (188,271 of 282,978) received heparin (low molecular weight or unfractionated), 34% (95,090 of 282,978) received warfarin, 12% (34,540 of 282,978) received a non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (DOAC), and 27% (76,877 of 282,978) had no record of anticoagulant administration. Of those with heparin, 41% (76,471 of 188,271) received heparin only. More than half of those with an order for a DOAC or warfarin on the discharge date had received the same anticoagulant during the index VTE encounter, namely, 65% (22,344 of 34,540) with a DOAC during the index VTE encounter received a discharge order for a DOAC and 58% (55,369 of 95,090) with warfarin during the index VTE encounter received a discharge order for warfarin. Among those with heparin only during the index VTE encounter, approximately 18% (13,759 of 76,471) received an order for heparin, 6% (4,217 of 76,471) received an order for a DOAC, and 5% (3,810 of 76,471) received an order for warfarin on discharge.
Conclusion:
This EHR study observed that a sizable proportion of hospitalized patients with VTE were either prescribed a different anticoagulant on discharge or discharged without an anticoagulant prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J D Guo
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ
| | | | | | - M Ferri
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ
| | | | - J. A Kline
- Indiana Univ Sch of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Ingram JR, Collier F, Brown D, Burton T, Burton J, Chin MF, Desai N, Goodacre TEE, Piguet V, Pink AE, Exton LS, Mohd Mustapa MF. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) 2018. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1009-1017. [PMID: 30552762 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Ingram
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - F Collier
- Alva Medical Practice, West Johnstone Street, Alva, FK12 5BD, U.K.,Dermatology Department, Stirling Community Hospital, Stirling, FK8 2AU, U.K
| | - D Brown
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - T Burton
- The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Trust, Rochester ME2 4DY, U.K
| | - J Burton
- The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Trust, Rochester ME2 4DY, U.K
| | - M F Chin
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Marlborough Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, SN3 6BB, U.K
| | - N Desai
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - T E E Goodacre
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, U.K
| | - V Piguet
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, U.K.,Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A E Pink
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - L S Exton
- British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London, W1T 5HQ, U.K
| | - M F Mohd Mustapa
- British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London, W1T 5HQ, U.K
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31
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Ingram J, Thomas K, Burton T, Rodrigues J, Howes R, Hood K, Thomas-Jones E, Cannings-John R, Collier F, Tappenden P, Leighton P. #18 Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Evaluation Study (THESEUS) (poster presentation). Int J Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
We present a method for automating the measurement of upper thermal limits in small aquatic organisms. Upper thermal limits are frequently defined by the cessation of movement at high temperature, with measurement being performed by manual observation. Consequently, estimates of upper thermal limits may be subject to error and bias, both within and among observers. Our method utilises video-based tracking software to record the movement of individuals when exposed to high, lethal temperatures. We develop an algorithm in the R computing language that can objectively identify the loss of locomotory function from tracking data. Using independent experimental data, we validate our approach by demonstrating the expected response in upper thermal limits to acclimation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bettina Zeis
- Institut für Zoophysiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Hindenburgplatz 55, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Sigurd Einum
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Stuckey T, Meine F, Singh N, Kaul P, Depta J, Gammon R, Steuter J, Gillins H, Burton T, Khosousi A, Shadforth I, Ramchandani S, Sanders W. TCT-233 Machine-Learned Algorithms Utilizing Novel Tomography for Evaluating Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Stuckey T, Meine F, Singh N, Kaul P, Depta J, Gammon R, Steuter J, Gillins H, Burton T, Khosousi A, Shadforth I, Ramchandani S, Sanders W. TCT-232 Diagnostic Accuracy of Machine Learned Algorithms Utilizing a Novel Form of Cardiac Phase Tomography (cPST) versus Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) in the Assessment of CAD. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Drucker AM, Ellis A, Jabbar-Lopez Z, Yiu ZZN, Arents BWM, Burton T, Spuls PI, Küster D, Schmitt J, Flohr C. Systemic immunomodulatory treatments for atopic dermatitis: protocol for a systematic review with network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e023061. [PMID: 30158235 PMCID: PMC6119412 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are numerous new systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis in various stages of development and most are being compared with placebo rather than active comparators. In order to understand the relative efficacy and safety of existing and new treatments for atopic dermatitis, robust mixed comparisons (ie, direct and indirect) would be beneficial. To address this gap, this protocol describes methods for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will update the search of a previous systematic review, including searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Information database and the Global Resource of EczemA Trials database in addition to clinical trial protocol registries. Title, abstract and full paper screening as well as data extraction will be conducted in duplicate by independent researchers. Primary outcomes include efficacy with regards to clinician-reported signs and patient-reported symptoms and safety with regards to withdrawal from treatment due to adverse events and the occurrence of serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes will include change in quality of life and itch severity. Where possible and appropriate, network meta-analysis will be performed for each outcome using a random-effects model within a Bayesian framework. If appropriate, the review will be transitioned to a living review with continuous updating of the analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Dissemination in a peer-reviewed scientific journal is planned. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018088112; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mark Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Ellis
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Zarif Jabbar-Lopez
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zenas Z N Yiu
- Dermatology Centre, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Bernd W M Arents
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis (VMCE), Nijkerk, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Burton
- Patient Representative (independent), Nottingham, UK
| | - Phyllis I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Küster
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Technische Universitat Dresden Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Technische Universitat Dresden Medizinische Fakultat Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Stuckey TD, Gammon RS, Goswami R, Depta JP, Steuter JA, Meine FJ, Roberts MC, Singh N, Ramchandani S, Burton T, Grouchy P, Khosousi A, Shadforth I, Sanders WE. Cardiac Phase Space Tomography: A novel method of assessing coronary artery disease utilizing machine learning. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198603. [PMID: 30089110 PMCID: PMC6082503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are increasingly applied to cardiovascular (CV) medicine in arenas ranging from genomics to cardiac imaging analysis. Cardiac Phase Space Tomography Analysis (cPSTA), employing machine-learned linear models from an elastic net method optimized by a genetic algorithm, analyzes thoracic phase signals to identify unique mathematical and tomographic features associated with the presence of flow-limiting coronary artery disease (CAD). This novel approach does not require radiation, contrast media, exercise, or pharmacological stress. The objective of this trial was to determine the diagnostic performance of cPSTA in assessing CAD in patients presenting with chest pain who had been referred by their physician for coronary angiography. Methods This prospective, multicenter, non-significant risk study was designed to: 1) develop machine-learned algorithms to assess the presence of CAD (defined as one or more ≥ 70% stenosis, or fractional flow reserve ≤ 0.80) and 2) test the accuracy of these algorithms prospectively in a naïve verification cohort. This report is an analysis of phase signals acquired from 606 subjects at rest just prior to angiography. From the collective phase signal data, features were extracted and paired with the known angiographic results. A development set, consisting of signals from 512 subjects, was used for machine learning to determine an algorithm that correlated with significant CAD. Verification testing of the algorithm was performed utilizing previously untested phase signals from 94 subjects. Results The machine-learned algorithm had a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 74%-100%) and specificity of 62% (95% CI: 51%-74%) on blind testing in the verification cohort. The negative predictive value (NPV) was 96% (95% CI: 85%-100%). Conclusions These initial multicenter results suggest that resting cPSTA may have comparable diagnostic utility to functional tests currently used to assess CAD without requiring cardiac stress (exercise or pharmacological) or exposure of the patient to radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Stuckey
- Cone Health Heart and Vascular Center, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Robi Goswami
- Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah P. Depta
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Frederick J. Meine
- New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Roberts
- Lexington Cardiology, West Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Narendra Singh
- Atlanta Heart Specialists, Cumming, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Tim Burton
- Analytics 4 Life, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Ian Shadforth
- A4L (US), Morrisville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William E. Sanders
- A4L (US), Morrisville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chalmers JR, Thomas KS, Apfelbacher C, Williams HC, Prinsen CA, Spuls PI, Simpson E, Gerbens LAA, Boers M, Barbarot S, Stalder JF, Abuabara K, Aoki V, Ardeleanu M, Armstrong J, Bang B, Berents TL, Burton T, Butler L, Chubachi T, Cresswell-Melville A, DeLozier A, Eckert L, Eichenfield L, Flohr C, Futamura M, Gadkari A, Gjerde ES, van Halewijn KF, Hawkes C, Howells L, Howie L, Humphreys R, Ishii HA, Kataoka Y, Katayama I, Kouwenhoven W, Langan SM, Leshem YA, Merhand S, Mina-Osorio P, Murota H, Nakahara T, Nunes FP, Nygaard U, Nygårdas M, Ohya Y, Ono E, Rehbinder E, Rogers NK, Romeijn GLE, Schuttelaar MLA, Sears AV, Simpson MA, Singh JA, Srour J, Stuart B, Svensson Å, Talmo G, Talmo H, Teixeira HD, Thyssen JP, Todd G, Torchet F, Volke A, von Kobyletzki L, Weisshaar E, Wollenberg A, Zaniboni M. Report from the fifth international consensus meeting to harmonize core outcome measures for atopic eczema/dermatitis clinical trials (HOME initiative). Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:e332-e341. [PMID: 29672835 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This is the report from the fifth meeting of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema initiative (HOME V). The meeting was held on 12-14 June 2017 in Nantes, France, with 81 participants. The main aims of the meeting were (i) to achieve consensus over the definition of the core domain of long-term control and how to measure it and (ii) to prioritize future areas of research for the measurement of the core domain of quality of life (QoL) in children. Moderated whole-group and small-group consensus discussions were informed by presentations of qualitative studies, systematic reviews and validation studies. Small-group allocations were performed a priori to ensure that each group included different stakeholders from a variety of geographical regions. Anonymous whole-group voting was carried out using handheld electronic voting pads according to predefined consensus rules. It was agreed by consensus that the long-term control domain should include signs, symptoms, quality of life and a patient global instrument. The group agreed that itch intensity should be measured when assessing long-term control of eczema in addition to the frequency of itch captured by the symptoms domain. There was no recommendation of an instrument for the core outcome domain of quality of life in children, but existing instruments were assessed for face validity and feasibility, and future work that will facilitate the recommendation of an instrument was agreed upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - C Apfelbacher
- Medical Sociology, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - C A Prinsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, U.S.A
| | - L A A Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Boers
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University Hospital (CHU de Nantes), France
| | - J F Stalder
- Department of Dermatology, Nantes University Hospital (CHU de Nantes), France
| | - K Abuabara
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - V Aoki
- University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Ardeleanu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - B Bang
- LEO Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark
| | | | | | - L Butler
- National Eczema Association, San Rafael, CA, U.S.A
| | - T Chubachi
- GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, U.S.A
| | | | - A DeLozier
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | | | - L Eichenfield
- Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - C Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, U.K
| | | | - A Gadkari
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, U.S.A
| | - E S Gjerde
- The Psoriasis and Eczema Association of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - K F van Halewijn
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - L Howells
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - L Howie
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - H A Ishii
- Brazilian Atopic Dermatitis Association (AADA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Y Kataoka
- Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Disease, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - W Kouwenhoven
- Dutch Association for People with Atopic Dermatitis, Nijkerk, the Netherlands
| | - S M Langan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, U.K
| | - Y A Leshem
- Beilinson Hospital and Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva and Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Merhand
- Association Française de l'Eczéma, Redon, France
| | | | - H Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - F P Nunes
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - U Nygaard
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | | | - Y Ohya
- National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Ono
- Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - E Rehbinder
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - N K Rogers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - G L E Romeijn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M L A Schuttelaar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A V Sears
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, U.K
| | | | - J A Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - J Srour
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der LMU - München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Stuart
- Primary Care and Population Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K
| | - Å Svensson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Talmo
- The Psoriasis and Eczema Association of Norway, Haugesund, Norway
| | - H Talmo
- The Psoriasis and Eczema Association of Norway, Haugesund, Norway
| | | | - J P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - G Todd
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F Torchet
- Association Française de l'Eczéma, Redon, France
| | - A Volke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L von Kobyletzki
- Department of Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden.,CF Wahlgren, Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - E Weisshaar
- Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Zaniboni
- University of São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
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Goswami R, Stuckey T, Meine F, Singh N, Depta J, Gupta S, Ramchandani S, Crawford RS, Burton T, Sanders WE. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE LEARNING AND ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT STUDY: EARLY ANALYSIS OF EJECTION FRACTION EVALUATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)34342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ingram J, Burton T. NICE
approval of adalimumab for moderate‐to‐severe hidradenitis suppurativa: the end of the beginning for hidradenitis suppurativa therapeutics? Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:281-282. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.R. Ingram
- Department of Dermatology and Academic Wound Healing Division of Infection & Immunity Cardiff University Cardiff U.K
| | - T. Burton
- HS Trust Cliffe House St Anthonys Way Rochester U.K
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Banham-Hall E, Jeffrey M, Cameron E, Burton T, Fry A. Reviewing post-discharge mortality improves morbidity and mortality processes for patients with a general medical hospital admission. Clin Med (Lond) 2016; 16:495. [PMID: 27697820 PMCID: PMC6297293 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.16-5-495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Banham-Hall
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK, *contributed equally
| | - Mark Jeffrey
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewen Cameron
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Burton
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Fry
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Chalmers J, Simpson E, Apfelbacher C, Thomas K, Kobyletzki L, Schmitt J, Singh J, Svensson Å, Williams H, Abuabara K, Aoki V, Ardeleanu M, Awici‐Rasmussen M, Barbarot S, Berents T, Block J, Bragg A, Burton T, Bjerring Clemmensen K, Creswell‐Melville A, Dinesen M, Drucker A, Eckert L, Flohr C, Garg M, Gerbens L, Graff A, Hanifin J, Heinl D, Humphreys R, Ishii H, Kataoka Y, Leshem Y, Marquort B, Massuel M, Merhand S, Mizutani H, Murota H, Murrell D, Nakahara T, Nasr I, Nograles K, Ohya Y, Osterloh I, Pander J, Prinsen C, Purkins L, Ridd M, Sach T, Schuttelaar MA, Shindo S, Smirnova J, Sulzer A, Synnøve Gjerde E, Takaoka R, Vestby Talmo H, Tauber M, Torchet F, Volke A, Wahlgren C, Weidinger S, Weisshaar E, Wollenberg A, Yamaga K, Zhao C, Spuls P. Report from the fourth international consensus meeting to harmonize core outcome measures for atopic eczema/dermatitis clinical trials (HOME initiative). Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:69-79. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Burton T, Robertsen G, Stewart DC, McKelvey S, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. Maternal age at maturation underpins contrasting behavior in offspring. Behav Ecol 2016; 27:1280-1287. [PMID: 27656083 PMCID: PMC5027624 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arw073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, vast differences in growth or size are frequently observed among young born to mothers of different age. However, it is unknown if there can be other, more subtle differences among offspring born to young versus old mothers? In Atlantic salmon, we reveal that despite being similar in size, juveniles from younger-maturing mothers are more aggressive, but poorer at competing for food than juveniles from older-maturing mothers In species where parental care occurs primarily via the provisioning of eggs, older females tend to produce larger offspring that have better fitness prospects. Remarkably however, a relationship between age of mother and fitness of offspring has also been reported independently of effects on offspring size suggesting that there may be other factors at play. Here, using experimental matings between wild Atlantic salmon that differed in their age at sexual maturation, we demonstrate distinct size-independent variation in the behavior of their offspring that was related to the maturation age of the mother (but not the father). We found that when juvenile salmon were competing for feeding territories, offspring of early-maturing mothers were more aggressive than those of late-maturing mothers, but were out-competed for food by them. This is the first demonstration of a link between natural variation in parental age at maturation and variation in offspring behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland UK
| | - Grethe Robertsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research , Høgskoleringen 9, NO-7034 Trondheim , Norway
| | - David C Stewart
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory , Faskally, Pitlochry, Perthshire PH16 5LB, Scotland , UK
| | - Simon McKelvey
- Cromarty Firth Fisheries Board, CKD Galbraith , Reay House, 17 Old Edinburgh Rd, Inverness IV2 3HF UK
| | - John D Armstrong
- Marine Scotland Science, Freshwater Fisheries Laboratory , Faskally, Pitlochry, Perthshire PH16 5LB, Scotland , UK
| | - Neil B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, MVLS, University of Glasgow , University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland UK
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Ingram JR, Woo PN, Chua SL, Ormerod AD, Desai N, Kai AC, Hood K, Burton T, Kerdel F, Garner SE, Piguet V. Interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa: a Cochrane systematic review incorporating GRADE assessment of evidence quality. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:970-8. [PMID: 26801356 PMCID: PMC5021164 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
More than 50 interventions have been used to treat hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), and so therapy decisions can be challenging. Our objective was to summarize and appraise randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence for HS interventions in adults. Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, five trials registers and abstracts from eight dermatology conferences until 13 August 2015. Two review authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Primary outcomes were quality of life and adverse effects of the interventions. Twelve trials, from 1983 to 2015, investigating 15 different interventions met our inclusion criteria. The median trial duration was 16 weeks and the median number of participants was 27. Adalimumab 40 mg weekly improved the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) by 4·0 points, which equates to the minimal clinically important difference for the scale, compared with placebo (95% confidence interval -6·5 to -1·5 points). Evidence quality was reduced to 'moderate' because the results are based on only a single study. Adalimumab 40 mg every other week was ineffective in a meta-analysis of two studies comprising 124 participants. Infliximab 5 mg kg(-1) improved the DLQI score by 8·4 points after 8 weeks in a moderate-quality study completed by 33 of 38 participants. Etanercept 50 mg twice weekly was ineffective. Inclusion of a gentamicin sponge prior to primary closure did not improve outcomes. Other interventions, including topical and oral antibiotics, were investigated by relatively small studies, preventing treatment recommendations due to imprecision. More, larger RCTs are required to investigate most HS interventions, particularly oral treatments and surgical therapy. Moderate-quality evidence suggests that adalimumab given weekly and infliximab are effective, whereas adalimumab every other week is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ingram
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - P N Woo
- Department of Dermatology, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton, U.K
| | - S L Chua
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
| | - A D Ormerod
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K
| | - N Desai
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - A C Kai
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, U.K
| | - K Hood
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - T Burton
- The Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) Trust, Chatham, U.K
| | - F Kerdel
- Florida Academic Dermatology Center, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - S E Garner
- Science Policy and Research, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), London, U.K
| | - V Piguet
- Institute of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
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Chalmers JR, Schmitt J, Apfelbacher C, Dohil M, Eichenfield LF, Simpson EL, Singh J, Spuls P, Thomas KS, Admani S, Aoki V, Ardeleanu M, Barbarot S, Berger T, Bergman JN, Block J, Borok N, Burton T, Chamlin SL, Deckert S, DeKlotz CC, Graff LB, Hanifin JM, Hebert AA, Humphreys R, Katoh N, Kisa RM, Margolis DJ, Merhand S, Minnillo R, Mizutani H, Nankervis H, Ohya Y, Rodgers P, Schram ME, Stalder JF, Svensson A, Takaoka R, Teper A, Tom WL, von Kobyletzki L, Weisshaar E, Zelt S, Williams HC. Report from the third international consensus meeting to harmonise core outcome measures for atopic eczema/dermatitis clinical trials (HOME). Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1318-25. [PMID: 24980543 PMCID: PMC4298247 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This report provides a summary of the third meeting of the Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative held in San Diego, CA, U.S.A., 6-7 April 2013 (HOME III). The meeting addressed the four domains that had previously been agreed should be measured in every eczema clinical trial: clinical signs, patient-reported symptoms, long-term control and quality of life. Formal presentations and nominal group techniques were used at this working meeting, attended by 56 voting participants (31 of whom were dermatologists). Significant progress was made on the domain of clinical signs. Without reference to any named scales, it was agreed that the intensity and extent of erythema, excoriation, oedema/papulation and lichenification should be included in the core outcome measure for the scale to have content validity. The group then discussed a systematic review of all scales measuring the clinical signs of eczema and their measurement properties, followed by a consensus vote on which scale to recommend for inclusion in the core outcome set. Research into the remaining three domains was presented, followed by discussions. The symptoms group and quality of life groups need to systematically identify all available tools and rate the quality of the tools. A definition of long-term control is needed before progress can be made towards recommending a core outcome measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence-Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
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Ingram JR, Abbott R, Ghazavi M, Alexandroff AB, McPhee M, Burton T, Clarke T. The Hidradenitis Suppurativa Priority Setting Partnership. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1422-7. [PMID: 24903313 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been neglected by medical researchers and society in general, despite being a relatively common, painful, chronic skin disease. OBJECTIVES To generate a top 10 list of HS research priorities, from the perspectives of patients with HS, carers and clinicians, to take to funding bodies. METHODS A priority setting partnership was established between patients with HS, carers and clinicians, following the James Lind Alliance process. Survey 1 requested submission of HS uncertainties, which were grouped into 'indicative uncertainties' for prioritization in survey 2. The 30 highest-ranked indicative uncertainties were reduced to a 'top 10' list using nominal group technique at a prioritization workshop attended by all relevant HS stakeholders. RESULTS In total 1495 potential uncertainties were submitted in survey 1, including 57% from patients with HS and carers, and grouped into 55 indicative uncertainties. Ranking in survey 2 was completed by 371 participants, 50% of whom were patients and carers. The final workshop was attended by 22 HS stakeholders and four facilitators and produced a top 10 list, the three highest priorities in descending order being (i) What is the most effective and safe group of oral treatments in treating HS? (ii) What is the best management of an acute flare? (iii)What is the impact of HS and its treatment on people with HS? CONCLUSIONS The top 10 HS research priorities have been directly disseminated to funders to raise awareness of HS. The next step is to generate research questions that will provide the evidence needed to improve care for patients with HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ingram
- Department of Dermatology & Wound Healing, Institute of Infection & Immunity, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, U.K
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Abstract
The consequences of early developmental conditions for performance in later life are now subjected to convergent interest from many different biological sub-disciplines. However, striking data, largely from the biomedical literature, show that environmental effects experienced even before conception can be transmissible to subsequent generations. Here, we review the growing evidence from natural systems for these cross-generational effects of early life conditions, showing that they can be generated by diverse environmental stressors, affect offspring in many ways and can be transmitted directly or indirectly by both parental lines for several generations. In doing so, we emphasize why early life might be so sensitive to the transmission of environmentally induced effects across generations. We also summarize recent theoretical advancements within the field of developmental plasticity, and discuss how parents might assemble different 'internal' and 'external' cues, even from the earliest stages of life, to instruct their investment decisions in offspring. In doing so, we provide a preliminary framework within the context of adaptive plasticity for understanding inter-generational phenomena that arise from early life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, , Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Abstract
Both the environments experienced by a mother as a juvenile and an adult can affect her investment in offspring. However, the implications of these maternal legacies, both juvenile and adult, for offspring fitness in natural populations are unclear. We investigated whether the juvenile growth rate and adult reproductive traits (length, body condition, and reproductive investment at spawning) of female wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were related to the growth and survival of their offspring. Adult salmon captured on their upstream migration were used to create experimental full-sib clutches of eggs, which were mixed and then placed in artificial nests in a natural stream that lacked salmon due to a migration barrier. Four months later we resampled the stream to obtain family-level estimates of offspring size and survival. Mothers that had grown slowly as juveniles (as determined by scalimetry) but had invested heavily in reproduction (egg production for a given body length) and were in relatively poor body condition (somatic mass for a given body length) at spawning produced the largest eggs. Larger eggs resulted in larger juveniles and higher juvenile survival. However, after controlling for egg size, offspring growth was positively related to maternal juvenile growth rate and reproductive investment. The predictors of offspring survival (i.e., reproductive success) varied with the juvenile growth rate of the mother: If females grew slowly as juveniles, their reproductive success was negatively related to their own body condition. In contrast, the reproductive success of females that grew quickly as juveniles was instead related positively to their own body condition. Our results show that maternal influences on offspring in the wild can be complex, with reproductive success related to the early life performance of the mother, as well as her state at the time of breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom.
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Burton T, Hoogenboom MO, Beevers ND, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. Among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of juvenile fish depend on their location within the egg mass and maternal dominance rank. Proc Biol Sci 2013. [PMID: 23193132 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of juvenile fish were systematically related to the position in the egg mass where each individual developed during oogenesis. We sampled eggs from the front, middle and rear thirds of the egg mass in female brown trout of known dominance rank. In the resulting juveniles, we then measured traits that are related to individual fitness: body size, social status and standard metabolic rate (SMR). When controlling for differences among females in mean egg size, siblings from dominant mothers were initially larger (and had a lower mass-corrected SMR) if they developed from eggs at the rear of the egg mass. However, heterogeneity in the size of siblings from different positions in the egg mass diminished in lower-ranking females. Location of the egg within the egg mass also affected the social dominance of the resulting juvenile fish, although the direction of this effect varied with developmental age. This study provides the first evidence of a systematic basis for among-sibling differences in the phenotypes of offspring in a highly fecund organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Burton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Burton T, Killen SS, Armstrong JD, Metcalfe NB. What causes intraspecific variation in resting metabolic rate and what are its ecological consequences? Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:3465-73. [PMID: 21957133 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in the energy cost of self-maintenance (resting metabolic rate, RMR) are substantial and the focus of an emerging research area. These differences may influence fitness because self-maintenance is considered as a life-history component along with growth and reproduction. In this review, we ask why do some individuals have two to three times the 'maintenance costs' of conspecifics, and what are the fitness consequences? Using evidence from a range of species, we demonstrate that diverse factors, such as genotypes, maternal effects, early developmental conditions and personality differences contribute to variation in individual RMR. We review evidence that RMR is linked with fitness, showing correlations with traits such as growth and survival. However, these relationships are modulated by environmental conditions (e.g. food supply), suggesting that the fitness consequences of a given RMR may be context-dependent. Then, using empirical examples, we discuss broad-scale reasons why variation in RMR might persist in natural populations, including the role of both spatial and temporal variation in selection pressures and trans-generational effects. To conclude, we discuss experimental approaches that will enable more rigorous examination of the causes and consequences of individual variation in this key physiological trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Burton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Hoogenboom MO, Armstrong JD, Miles MS, Burton T, Groothuis TGG, Metcalfe NB. Implantation of cocoa butter reduces egg and hatchling size in Salmo trutta. J Fish Biol 2011; 79:587-596. [PMID: 21884102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that, irrespective of hormone type or dose, administering cocoa butter implants during egg development affected the growth of female brown trout Salmo trutta and reduced the size of their offspring. Cortisol treatment also increased adult mortality. Caution is urged in the use of implants for studies of maternal hormonal influences on adult fishes and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Hoogenboom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland,
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