1
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Orlando L, Benoit YD, Reid JC, Nakanishi M, Boyd AL, García-Rodriguez JL, Tanasijevic B, Doyle MS, Luchman A, Restall IJ, Bergin CJ, Masibag AN, Aslostovar L, Di Lu J, Laronde S, Collins TJ, Weiss S, Bhatia M. Chemical genomics reveals targetable programs of human cancers rooted in pluripotency. Cell Chem Biol 2023:S2451-9456(23)00158-7. [PMID: 37379846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping principles of embryonic and tumor biology have been described, with recent multi-omics campaigns uncovering shared molecular profiles between human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and adult tumors. Here, using a chemical genomic approach, we provide biological evidence that early germ layer fate decisions of hPSCs reveal targets of human cancers. Single-cell deconstruction of hPSCs-defined subsets that share transcriptional patterns with transformed adult tissues. Chemical screening using a unique germ layer specification assay for hPSCs identified drugs that enriched for compounds that selectively suppressed the growth of patient-derived tumors corresponding exclusively to their germ layer origin. Transcriptional response of hPSCs to germ layer inducing drugs could be used to identify targets capable of regulating hPSC specification as well as inhibiting adult tumors. Our study demonstrates properties of adult tumors converge with hPSCs drug induced differentiation in a germ layer specific manner, thereby expanding our understanding of cancer stemness and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mio Nakanishi
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Borko Tanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meaghan S Doyle
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Artee Luchman
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian J Restall
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lili Aslostovar
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Di Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Laronde
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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2
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Reid JC, Tanasijevic B, Golubeva D, Boyd AL, Porras DP, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Enhances Human PSC-Derived Hematopoietic Progenitor Function and Overcomes Early In Vivo Transplantation Failure. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 10:1625-1641. [PMID: 29742393 PMCID: PMC5995456 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) generate hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) but fail to engraft xenograft models used to detect adult/somatic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from donors. Recent progress to derive hPSC-derived HSCs has relied on cell-autonomous forced expression of transcription factors; however, the relationship of bone marrow to transplanted cells remains unknown. Here, we quantified a failure of hPSC-HPCs to survive even 24 hr post transplantation. Across several hPSC-HPC differentiation methodologies, we identified the lack of CXCR4 expression and function. Ectopic CXCR4 conferred CXCL12 ligand-dependent signaling of hPSC-HPCs in biochemical assays and increased migration/chemotaxis, hematopoietic progenitor capacity, and survival and proliferation following in vivo transplantation. This was accompanied by a transcriptional shift of hPSC-HPCs toward somatic/adult sources, but this approach failed to produce long-term HSC xenograft reconstitution. Our results reveal that networks involving CXCR4 should be targeted to generate putative HSCs with in vivo function from hPSCs. Transplant kinetics indicate human PSC-HPCs fail in the first 24 hr in bone marrow hPSC-HPCs aberrantly express chemokine receptors, specifically lacking CXCR4 Ectopic CXCR4 enhances hPSC-HPC function in vitro and transplantation in vivo CXCR4 linked with global transcriptional shift of hPSC-HPCs toward somatic HPCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Reid
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Borko Tanasijevic
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Diana Golubeva
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Deanna P Porras
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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3
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Vojnits K, Mahammad S, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy and Drug Discovery Platform Using Human Sensory Neurons Converted Directly from Adult Peripheral Blood. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1180-1191. [PMID: 31347791 PMCID: PMC6811699 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a disorder damaging the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and represents one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy, negatively impacting the quality of life of patients to the extent of withdrawing life‐saving chemotherapy dose or duration. Unfortunately, the pathophysiological effects of PN are poorly understood, in part due to the lack of availability of large numbers of human sensory neurons (SNs) for study. Previous reports have demonstrated that human SNs can be directly converted from primitive CD34+ hematopoietic cells, but was limited to a small‐scale product of SNs and derived exclusively from less abundant allogenic sources of cord or drug mobilized peripheral blood (PB). To address this shortcoming, we have developed and report detailed procedures toward the generation of human SN directly converted from conventionally drawn PB of adults that can be used in a high‐content screening platform for discovery‐based studies of chemotherapy agents on neuronal biology. In the absence of mobilization drugs, cryogenically preserved adult human PB could be induced to (i)SN via development through expandable neural precursor differentiation. iSNs could be transferable to high‐throughput procedures suitable for high‐content screening applicable to neuropathy for example, alterations in neurite morphology in response to chemotherapeutics. Our study provides the first reported platform using adult PB‐derived iSNs to study peripheral nervous system‐related neuropathies as well as target and drug screening potential for the ability to prevent, block, or repair chemotherapy‐induced PN damage. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1180–1191
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Vojnits
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saleemulla Mahammad
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Nakanishi M, Mitchell RR, Benoit YD, Orlando L, Reid JC, Shimada K, Davidson KC, Shapovalova Z, Collins TJ, Nagy A, Bhatia M. Human Pluripotency Is Initiated and Preserved by a Unique Subset of Founder Cells. Cell 2019; 177:910-924.e22. [PMID: 30982595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of organized colonies is the earliest manifestation in the derivation or induction of pluripotency in vitro. However, the necessity and origin of this assemblance is unknown. Here, we identify human pluripotent founder cells (hPFCs) that initiate, as well as preserve and establish, pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures. PFCs are marked by N-cadherin expression (NCAD+) and reside exclusively at the colony boundary of primate PSCs. As demonstrated by functional analysis, hPFCs harbor the clonogenic capacity of PSC cultures and emerge prior to commitment events or phenotypes associated with pluripotent reprogramming. Comparative single-cell analysis with pre- and post-implantation primate embryos revealed hPFCs share hallmark properties with primitive endoderm (PrE) and can be regulated by non-canonical Wnt signaling. Uniquely informed by primate embryo organization in vivo, our study defines a subset of founder cells critical to the establishment pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Nakanishi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ryan R Mitchell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Luca Orlando
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn C Davidson
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zoya Shapovalova
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andras Nagy
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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5
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Aslostovar L, Boyd AL, Almakadi M, Collins TJ, Leong DP, Tirona RG, Kim RB, Julian JA, Xenocostas A, Leber B, Levine MN, Foley R, Bhatia M. A phase 1 trial evaluating thioridazine in combination with cytarabine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2018; 2:1935-1945. [PMID: 30093531 PMCID: PMC6093733 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018015677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We completed a phase 1 dose-escalation trial to evaluate the safety of a dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) antagonist thioridazine (TDZ), in combination with cytarabine. Thirteen patients 55 years and older with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were enrolled. Oral TDZ was administered at 3 dose levels: 25 mg (n = 6), 50 mg (n = 4), or 100 mg (n = 3) every 6 hours for 21 days. Intermediate-dose cytarabine was administered on days 6 to 10. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included grade 3 QTc interval prolongation in 1 patient at 25 mg TDZ and neurological events in 2 patients at 100 mg TDZ (gait disturbance, depressed consciousness, and dizziness). At the 50-mg TDZ dose, the sum of circulating DRD2 antagonist levels approached a concentration of 10 μM, a level noted to be selectively active against human AML in vitro. Eleven of 13 patients completed a 5-day lead-in with TDZ, of which 6 received TDZ with hydroxyurea and 5 received TDZ alone. During this period, 8 patients demonstrated a 19% to 55% reduction in blast levels, whereas 3 patients displayed progressive disease. The extent of blast reduction during this 5-day interval was associated with the expression of the putative TDZ target receptor DRD2 on leukemic cells. These preliminary results suggest that DRD2 represents a potential therapeutic target for AML disease. Future studies are required to corroborate these observations, including the use of modified DRD2 antagonists with improved tolerability in AML patients. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02096289.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Aslostovar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed Almakadi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Malignant Hematology, Department of Oncology, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Darryl P Leong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rommel G Tirona
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Richard B Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jim A Julian
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada; and
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark N Levine
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute and
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Boyd AL, Reid JC, Salci KR, Aslostovar L, Benoit YD, Shapovalova Z, Nakanishi M, Porras DP, Almakadi M, Campbell CJV, Jackson MF, Ross CA, Foley R, Leber B, Allan DS, Sabloff M, Xenocostas A, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Acute myeloid leukaemia disrupts endogenous myelo-erythropoiesis by compromising the adipocyte bone marrow niche. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1336-1347. [PMID: 29035359 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is distinguished by the generation of dysfunctional leukaemic blasts, and patients characteristically suffer from fatal infections and anaemia due to insufficient normal myelo-erythropoiesis. Direct physical crowding of bone marrow (BM) by accumulating leukaemic cells does not fully account for this haematopoietic failure. Here, analyses from AML patients were applied to both in vitro co-culture platforms and in vivo xenograft modelling, revealing that human AML disease specifically disrupts the adipocytic niche in BM. Leukaemic suppression of BM adipocytes led to imbalanced regulation of endogenous haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, resulting in impaired myelo-erythroid maturation. In vivo administration of PPARγ agonists induced BM adipogenesis, which rescued healthy haematopoietic maturation while repressing leukaemic growth. Our study identifies a previously unappreciated axis between BM adipogenesis and normal myelo-erythroid maturation that is therapeutically accessible to improve symptoms of BM failure in AML via non-cell autonomous targeting of the niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Kyle R Salci
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Lili Aslostovar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Zoya Shapovalova
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mio Nakanishi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Deanna P Porras
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mohammed Almakadi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Clinton J V Campbell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Michael F Jackson
- Central Animal Core Imaging and Transgenic Facilities, Central Animal Care Services, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 710 William Avenue, SR426 Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0Z3, Canada
| | - Catherine A Ross
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Mitchell Sabloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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7
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Benoit YD, Mitchell RR, Risueño RM, Orlando L, Tanasijevic B, Boyd AL, Aslostovar L, Salci KR, Shapovalova Z, Russell J, Eguchi M, Golubeva D, Graham M, Xenocostas A, Trus MR, Foley R, Leber B, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Sam68 Allows Selective Targeting of Human Cancer Stem Cells. Cell Chem Biol 2017. [PMID: 28648376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of human cancer stem cells (CSCs) requires the identification of vulnerabilities unique to CSCs versus healthy resident stem cells (SCs). Unfortunately, dysregulated pathways that support transformed CSCs, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling, are also critical regulators of healthy SCs. Using the ICG-001 and CWP family of small molecules, we reveal Sam68 as a previously unappreciated modulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling within CSCs. Disruption of CBP-β-catenin interaction via ICG-001/CWP induces the formation of a Sam68-CBP complex in CSCs that alters Wnt signaling toward apoptosis and differentiation induction. Our study identifies Sam68 as a regulator of human CSC vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D Benoit
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ryan R Mitchell
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ruth M Risueño
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Luca Orlando
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Borko Tanasijevic
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lili Aslostovar
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kyle R Salci
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zoya Shapovalova
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Russell
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Masakatsu Eguchi
- Theriac Pharmaceutical Corporation Research Institute, 600 Broadway Suite 580 Fl 5, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Diana Golubeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Monica Graham
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Michael R Trus
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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8
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Lee JH, Laronde S, Collins TJ, Shapovalova Z, Tanasijevic B, McNicol JD, Fiebig-Comyn A, Benoit YD, Lee JB, Mitchell RR, Bhatia M. Lineage-Specific Differentiation Is Influenced by State of Human Pluripotency. Cell Rep 2017; 19:20-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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9
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Dingwall S, Lee JB, Guezguez B, Fiebig A, McNicol J, Boreham D, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Neoplastic human embryonic stem cells as a model of radiation resistance of human cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22258-69. [PMID: 26082437 PMCID: PMC4673161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have implicated that a small sub-population of cells within a tumour, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), have an enhanced capacity for tumour formation in multiple cancers and may be responsible for recurrence of the disease after treatment, including radiation. Although comparisons have been made between CSCs and bulk-tumour, the more important comparison with respect to therapy is between tumour-sustaining CSC versus normal stem cells that maintain the healthy tissue. However, the absence of normal known counterparts for many CSCs has made it difficult to compare the radiation responses of CSCs with the normal stem cells required for post-radiotherapy tissue regeneration and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that transformed human embryonic stem cells (t-hESCs), showing features of neoplastic progression produce tumours resistant to radiation relative to their normal counterpart upon injection into immune compromised mice. We reveal that t-hESCs have a reduced capacity for radiation induced cell death via apoptosis and exhibit altered cell cycle arrest relative to hESCs in vitro. t-hESCs have an increased expression of BclXL in comparison to their normal counterparts and re-sensitization of t-hESCs to radiation upon addition of BH3-only mimetic ABT737, suggesting that overexpression of BclXL underpins t-hESC radiation insensitivity. Using this novel discovery platform to investigate radiation resistance in human CSCs, our study indicates that chemotherapy targeting Bcl2-family members may prove to be an adjuvant to radiotherapy capable of targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Dingwall
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aline Fiebig
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jamie McNicol
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Douglas Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,David Braley Human Stem Cell Screening Facility, McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mick Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,David Braley Human Stem Cell Screening Facility, McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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10
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Lee JB, Graham M, Collins TJ, Lee JH, Hong SH, Mcnicol AJ, Shapovalova Z, Bhatia M. Reversible lineage-specific priming of human embryonic stem cells can be exploited to optimize the yield of differentiated cells. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1142-52. [PMID: 25639500 PMCID: PMC4413029 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) requires efficient cellular expansion that must be paired with an ability to generate specialized progeny through differentiation. Self-renewal and differentiation are deemed inherent hallmarks of hESCs and a growing body of evidence suggests that initial culture conditions dictate these two aspects of hESC behavior. Here, we reveal that defined culture conditions using commercial mTeSR1 media augment the expansion of hESCs and enhance their capacity for neural differentiation at the expense of hematopoietic lineage competency without affecting pluripotency. This culture-induced modification was shown to be reversible, as culture in mouse embryonic fibroblast-conditioned media (MEF-CM) in subsequent passages allowed mTeSR1-expanded hESCs to re-establish hematopoietic differentiation potential. Optimal yield of hematopoietic cells can be achieved by expansion in mTeSR1 followed by a recovery period in MEF-CM. Furthermore, the lineage propensity to hematopoietic and neural cell types could be predicted via analysis of surrogate markers expressed by hESCs cultured in mTeSR1 versus MEF-CM, thereby circumventing laborious in vitro differentiation assays. Our study reveals that hESCs exist in a range of functional states and balance expansion with differentiation potential, which can be modulated by culture conditions in a predictive and quantitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Collins TJ, Ylanko J, Geng F, Andrews DW. A Versatile Cell Death Screening Assay Using Dye-Stained Cells and Multivariate Image Analysis. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2015; 13:547-57. [PMID: 26422066 PMCID: PMC4652219 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel dye-based method for measuring cell death in image-based screens is presented. Unlike conventional high- and medium-throughput cell death assays that measure only one form of cell death accurately, using multivariate analysis of micrographs of cells stained with the inexpensive mix, red dye nonyl acridine orange, and a nuclear stain, it was possible to quantify cell death induced by a variety of different agonists even without a positive control. Surprisingly, using a single known cytotoxic agent as a positive control for training a multivariate classifier allowed accurate quantification of cytotoxicity for mechanistically unrelated compounds enabling generation of dose–response curves. Comparison with low throughput biochemical methods suggested that cell death was accurately distinguished from cell stress induced by low concentrations of the bioactive compounds Tunicamycin and Brefeldin A. High-throughput image-based format analyses of more than 300 kinase inhibitors correctly identified 11 as cytotoxic with only 1 false positive. The simplicity and robustness of this dye-based assay makes it particularly suited to live cell screening for toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Collins
- 1 David Braley Human Stem Cell Screening Facility, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarkko Ylanko
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Geng
- 3 School of Engineering Technology, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Boyd AL, Campbell CJV, Hopkins CI, Fiebig-Comyn A, Russell J, Ulemek J, Foley R, Leber B, Xenocostas A, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Niche displacement of human leukemic stem cells uniquely allows their competitive replacement with healthy HSPCs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:1925-35. [PMID: 25180064 PMCID: PMC4172227 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatial localization of primitive leukemic cells is restricted to niches shared with their normal counterparts, and their ability to retain occupancy of these niches is rivaled by normal HSPCs. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation (HSCT) is currently the leading strategy to manage acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, treatment-related morbidity limits the patient generalizability of HSCT use, and the survival of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) within protective areas of the bone marrow (BM) continues to lead to high relapse rates. Despite growing appreciation for the significance of the LSC microenvironment, it has remained unresolved whether LSCs preferentially situate within normal HSC niches or whether their niche requirements are more promiscuous. Here, we provide functional evidence that the spatial localization of phenotypically primitive human AML cells is restricted to niche elements shared with their normal counterparts, and that their intrinsic ability to initiate and retain occupancy of these niches can be rivaled by healthy hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). When challenged in competitive BM repopulation assays, primary human leukemia-initiating cells (L-ICs) can be consistently outperformed by HSPCs for BM niche occupancy in a cell dose-dependent manner that ultimately compromises long-term L-IC renewal and subsequent leukemia-initiating capacity. The effectiveness of this approach could be demonstrated using cytokine-induced mobilization of established leukemia from the BM that facilitated the replacement of BM niches with transplanted HSPCs. These findings identify a functional vulnerability of primitive leukemia cells, and suggest that clinical development of these novel transplantation techniques should focus on the dissociation of L-IC–niche interactions to improve competitive replacement with healthy HSPCs during HSCT toward increased survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Clinton J V Campbell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Claudia I Hopkins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Aline Fiebig-Comyn
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Russell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jelena Ulemek
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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13
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Guezguez B, Campbell CJV, Boyd AL, Karanu F, Casado FL, Di Cresce C, Collins TJ, Shapovalova Z, Xenocostas A, Bhatia M. Regional localization within the bone marrow influences the functional capacity of human HSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 13:175-89. [PMID: 23910084 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the bone marrow (BM) niche plays a key role in mouse hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and involves contributions from a broad array of cell types. However, the composition and role of the human BM HSC niche have not been investigated. Here, using human bone biopsy specimens, we provide evidence of HSC propensity to localize to endosteal regions of the trabecular bone area (TBA). Through functional xenograft transplantation, we found that human HSCs localizing to the TBA have superior regenerative and self-renewal capacity and are molecularly distinct from those localizing to the long bone area (LBA). In addition, osteoblasts in the TBA possess unique characteristics and express a key network of factors that regulate TBA- versus LBA-localized human HSCs in vivo. Our study reveals that BM localization and architecture play a critical role in defining the functional and molecular properties of human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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14
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Sachlos E, Risueño RM, Laronde S, Shapovalova Z, Lee JH, Russell J, Malig M, McNicol JD, Fiebig-Comyn A, Graham M, Levadoux-Martin M, Lee JB, Giacomelli AO, Hassell JA, Fischer-Russell D, Trus MR, Foley R, Leber B, Xenocostas A, Brown ED, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Identification of drugs including a dopamine receptor antagonist that selectively target cancer stem cells. Cell 2012; 149:1284-97. [PMID: 22632761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs) offers promise for a new generation of therapeutics. However, assays for both human CSCs and normal stem cells that are amenable to robust biological screens are limited. Using a discovery platform that reveals differences between neoplastic and normal human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), we identify small molecules from libraries of known compounds that induce differentiation to overcome neoplastic self-renewal. Surprisingly, thioridazine, an antipsychotic drug, selectively targets the neoplastic cells, and impairs human somatic CSCs capable of in vivo leukemic disease initiation while having no effect on normal blood SCs. The drug antagonizes dopamine receptors that are expressed on CSCs and on breast cancer cells as well. These results suggest that dopamine receptors may serve as a biomarker for diverse malignancies, demonstrate the utility of using neoplastic hPSCs for identifying CSC-targeting drugs, and provide support for the use of differentiation as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Sachlos
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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15
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Abstract
ImageJ is an essential tool for us that fulfills most of our routine image processing and analysis requirements. The near-comprehensive range of import filters that allow easy access to image and meta-data, a broad suite processing and analysis routine, and enthusiastic support from a friendly mailing list are invaluable for all microscopy labs and facilities-not just those on a budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Collins
- Dept. Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Biophotonics Facility, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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16
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Khanna R, Li Q, Sun L, Collins TJ, Stanley EF. N type Ca2+ channels and RIM scaffold protein covary at the presynaptic transmitter release face but are components of independent protein complexes. Neuroscience 2006; 140:1201-8. [PMID: 16757118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fast neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals occurs at specialized transmitter release sites where docked secretory vesicles are triggered to fuse with the membrane by the influx of Ca2+ ions that enter through local N type (CaV2.2) calcium channels. Thus, neurosecretion involves two key processes: the docking of vesicles at the transmitter release site, a process that involves the scaffold protein RIM (Rab3A interacting molecule) and its binding partner Munc-13, and the subsequent gating of vesicle fusion by activation of the Ca2+ channels. It is not known, however, whether the vesicle fusion complex with its attached Ca2+ channels and the vesicle docking complex are parts of a single multifunctional entity. The Ca2+ channel itself and RIM were used as markers for these two elements to address this question. We carried out immunostaining at the giant calyx-type synapse of the chick ciliary ganglion to localize the proteins at a native, undisturbed presynaptic nerve terminal. Quantitative immunostaining (intensity correlation analysis/intensity correlation quotient method) was used to test the relationship between these two proteins at the nerve terminal transmitter release face. The staining intensities for CaV2.2 and RIM covary strongly, consistent with the expectation that they are both components of the transmitter release sites. We then used immunoprecipitation to test if these proteins are also parts of a common molecular complex. However, precipitation of CaV2.2 failed to capture either RIM or Munc-13, a RIM binding partner. These findings indicate that although the vesicle fusion and the vesicle docking mechanisms coexist at the transmitter release face they are not parts of a common stable complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Khanna
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Division, MP14-320 Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 2S8 Canada
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17
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Wingate KG, Stuthridge TR, Wright LJ, Horwitz CP, Collins TJ. Application of TAML catalysts to remove colour from pulp and paper mill effluents. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:255-260. [PMID: 15077980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A TAML catalyst (0.5 microM, 0.23 mg/L of effluent) combined with hydrogen peroxide (6.5 mM, 0.19 g/L of effluent) were capable of permanently removing 46% of the colour from bleach plant effluent (Eop, pine-derived) in one hour at 5,000 L effluent per day. Increasing concentrations to 2 microM catalyst (0.9 mg/L of effluent) and 22 mM peroxide (0.75 g/L of effluent), resulted in removal of 78% of the colour. In addition, 29% of the chlorinated organic material (AOX) was also removed. A laboratory investigation indicated that the oxidative process predominantly removed phenolic structures. The low aromatic content of the effluent meant that the majority of the organic material was not substantially altered during treatment. Thus chemical oxygen demand was essentially unchanged. This technology was able to remediate colour from effluents derived from both softwood (pine) and hardwood (eucalypt). Laboratory studies on catalyst life-time during effluent treatment, demonstrated that activity was maintained for a sufficient period to eliminate all the chromophore available to the active species, but that the catalyst did not survive long enough to be discharged into the receiving environment. Microtox tests showed that catalyst degradation products were not toxic to the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Wingate
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3201, New Zealand.
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18
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Peppiatt CM, Collins TJ, Mackenzie L, Conway SJ, Holmes AB, Bootman MD, Berridge MJ, Seo JT, Roderick HL. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) antagonises inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release, inhibits calcium pumps and has a use-dependent and slowly reversible action on store-operated calcium entry channels. Cell Calcium 2003; 34:97-108. [PMID: 12767897 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4160(03)00026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The action of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) on Ca(2+) signalling in HeLa cells and cardiac myocytes was investigated. Consistent with other studies, we found that superfusion of cells with 2-APB rapidly inhibited inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3))-mediated Ca(2+) release and store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOC). In addition to abrogating hormone-evoked Ca(2+) responses, 2-APB could antagonise Ca(2+) signals evoked by a membrane permeant InsP(3) ester. 2-APB also slowed the recovery of intracellular Ca(2+) signals consistent with an effect on Ca(2+) ATPases. The inhibitory action of 2-APB on InsP(3) receptors (InsP(3)Rs), SOC channels and Ca(2+) pumps persisted for several minutes after washout of the compound. Application of 2-APB to unstimulated cells had no effect on subsequent Ca(2+) responses suggesting that it has a use-dependent action. Mitochondria in cells treated with 2-APB showed a rapid and slowly reversible swelling. 2-APB did not cause the mitochondria to depolarise, but it reduced the extent of mitochondrial calcium uptake. Although 2-APB has been demonstrated not to affect voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels or ryanodine receptors, we found that it gave a concentration-dependent long-lasting inhibition of Ca(2+) signalling in electrically-stimulated cardiac myocytes, where InsP(3)Rs and SOC channels do not play a significant role. Our data suggest that 2-APB has multiple cellular targets, a use-dependent action, is difficult to reverse and may affect Ca(2+) signalling in cell types where InsP(3) and SOC are not active.
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MESH Headings
- Boron Compounds/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels/drug effects
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects
- Cell Membrane Permeability/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electric Stimulation
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/pharmacology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Membrane Potentials/physiology
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Peppiatt
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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19
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Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in the life and death of cells. We investigated whether mitochondria represent morphologically continuous entities within single intact cells. Physical continuity of mitochondria was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of fluorescence from mitochondrially targeted DsRed1 or tetra-methyl rhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE). The mitochondria of pancreatic acinar, porcine aortic endothelial (PAE) cells, COS-7 cells and SH-SY5Y cells and neocortical astrocytes all displayed heterogeneous distributions and were of varying sizes. In general, there was a denser aggregation of mitochondria in perinuclear positions than in the cell periphery, where individual isolated mitochondria could clearly be seen. DsRed1 was found to be highly mobile within the matrix of individual mitochondria, with an estimated linear diffusion rate of 1 micro m s(-1). High-intensity irradiation of subcellular regions bleached the fluorescence of mitochondrially targeted DsRed1, but did not cause the mitochondria to depolarise or fragment. A lack of rapid fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching (FRAP) of DsRed1 indicated lumenal discontinuity between mitochondria. We observed a slow (half-time approx. 20 min) recovery of DsRed1 fluorescence within the irradiated area that was attributed to mitochondrial movement or fusion of unbleached and bleached organelles. Mitochondria were not electrically coupled, since typically only individual mitochondria were observed to depolarise following irradiation of TMRE-loaded cells. Our data indicate that the mitochondria within individual cells are morphologically heterogeneous and unconnected, thus allowing them to have distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Collins
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, UK.
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20
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Ciccolini F, Collins TJ, Sudhoelter J, Lipp P, Berridge MJ, Bootman MD. Local and global spontaneous calcium events regulate neurite outgrowth and onset of GABAergic phenotype during neural precursor differentiation. J Neurosci 2003; 23:103-11. [PMID: 12514206 PMCID: PMC6742163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells can generate in vitro progenitors of the three main cell lineages found in the CNS. The signaling pathways underlying the acquisition of differentiated phenotypes in these cells are poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that Ca(2+) signaling controls differentiation of neural precursors. We found low-frequency global and local Ca(2+) transients occurring predominantly during early stages of differentiation. Spontaneous Ca(2+) signals in individual precursors were not synchronized with Ca(2+) transients in surrounding cells. Experimentally induced changes in the frequency of local Ca(2+) signals and global Ca(2+) rises correlated positively with neurite outgrowth and the onset of GABAergic neurotransmitter phenotype, respectively. NMDA receptor activity was critical for alterations in neuronal morphology but not for the timing of the acquisition of the neurotransmitter phenotype. Thus, spontaneous Ca(2+) signals are an intrinsic property of differentiating neurosphere-derived precursors. Their frequency may specify neuronal morphology and acquisition of neurotransmitter phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ciccolini
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
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21
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Bootman MD, Collins TJ, Mackenzie L, Roderick HL, Berridge MJ, Peppiatt CM. 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is a reliable blocker of store-operated Ca2+ entry but an inconsistent inhibitor of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release. FASEB J 2002; 16:1145-50. [PMID: 12153982 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0037rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Since its introduction to Ca2+ signaling in 1997, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) has been used in many studies to probe for the involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in the generation of Ca2+ signals. Due to reports of some nonspecific actions of 2-APB, and the fact that its principal antagonistic effect is on Ca2+ entry rather than Ca2+ release, this compound may not have the utility first suggested. However, 2-APB has thrown up some interesting results, particularly with respect to store-operated Ca2+ entry in nonexcitable cells. These data indicate that although it must be used with caution, 2-APB can be useful in probing certain aspects of Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Bootman
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK.
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22
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Abstract
We investigated whether mitochondria represent morphologically continuous and functionally homogenous entities within single intact cells. Physical continuity of mitochondria was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction of fluorescence from mitochondrially targeted DsRed1 or calcein. The mitochondria of HeLa, PAEC, COS-7, HUVEC, hepatocytes, cortical astrocytes and neuronal cells all displayed heterogeneous distributions and were of varying sizes. There was a denser aggregation of mitochondria in perinuclear positions than in the cell periphery, where individual isolated mitochondria could be seen clearly. Using fluorescence-recovery after photobleaching, we observed that DsRed1 and calcein were highly mobile within the matrix of individual mitochondria, and that mitochondria within a cell were not lumenally continuous. Mitochondria were not electrically coupled, since only individual mitochondria were observed to depolarize following irradiation of TMRE-loaded cells. Functional heterogeneity of mitochondria in single cells was observed with respect to membrane potential, sequestration of hormonally evoked cytosolic calcium signals and timing of permeability transition pore opening in response to tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Our data indicate that mitochondria within individual cells are morphologically heterogeneous and unconnected, allowing them to have distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. Collins
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Michael J. Berridge
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Peter Lipp
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Martin D. Bootman
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK Corresponding author e-mail:
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23
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Abstract
The safety and efficacy of endoluminal stenting in treating atherosclerotic vertebral artery disease was evaluated in 38 vessels in 32 patients. Indications for revascularization included diplopia (n = 4), blurred vision (n = 4), dizziness (n = 23), transient ischemic attacks (n = 4), drop attack (n = 1), gait disturbance (n = 1), headache (n = 2), and asymptomatic critical stenosis (n = 1). Success (< 20% residual diameter stenosis, without stroke or death) was achieved in all 32 patients (100%). One patient experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) 1 hr after the procedure. At follow-up (mean, 10.6 months), all patients (100%) were alive and 31/32 (97%) were asymptomatic. One patient (3%) had in-stent restenosis at 3.5 months and underwent successful balloon angioplasty. Endoluminal stenting of vertebral artery lesions is safe, effective, and durable as evidenced by the low recurrence rate. Primary stent placement is an attractive option for atherosclerotic vertebral artery stenotic lesions. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:1-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jenkins
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA.
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24
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Collins TJ, Lipp P, Berridge MJ, Bootman MD. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake depends on the spatial and temporal profile of cytosolic Ca(2+) signals. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:26411-20. [PMID: 11333261 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using confocal imaging of Rhod-2-loaded HeLa cells, we examined the ability of mitochondria to sequester Ca(2+) signals arising from different sources. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)mit) uptake was stimulated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3))-evoked Ca(2+) release, capacitative Ca(2+) entry, and Ca(2+) leaking from the endoplasmic reticulum. For each Ca(2+) source, the relationship between cytosolic Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)cyt) concentration and Ca(2+)mit was complex. With Ca(2+)cyt < 300 nm, a slow and persistent Ca(2+)mit uptake was observed. If Ca(2+)cyt increased above approximately 400 nm, Ca(2+)mit uptake accelerated sharply. For equivalent Ca(2+)cyt increases, the rate of Ca(2+)mit rise was greater with InsP(3)-evoked Ca(2+) signals than any other source. Spatial variation of the Ca(2+)mit response was observed within individual cells. Both the fraction of responsive mitochondria and the amplitude of the Ca(2+)mit response were graded in direct proportion to stimulus concentration. Trains of repetitive Ca(2+) oscillations did not maintain elevated Ca(2+)mit levels. Only low frequency Ca(2+) transients (<1/15 min) evoked repetitive Ca(2+)mit signals. Our data indicate that there is a lag between Ca(2+)cyt and Ca(2+)mit increases but that mitochondria will accumulate calcium when it is elevated over basal levels regardless of its source. Furthermore, in addition to the characteristics of Ca(2+) signals, Ca(2+) uniporter desensitization and proximity of mitochondria to InsP(3) receptors modulate mitochondrial Ca(2+) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Collins
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, United Kingdom
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25
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Abstract
Pseudoaneurysm formation of the femoral artery is a well-known complication following catheter-based vascular procedures. Ultrasound-guided compression or surgical correction are commonly used for its repair. We describe a new method of treatment for femoral pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm is visualized by contralateral angiography and thrombosed with a percutaneous thrombin injection while the distal vessel is isolated with a brief balloon inflation. Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous thrombin injection is a promising, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm, especially in patients with compromised distal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Samal
- Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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26
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Jenkins JS, Collins TJ, Ramee SR, White CJ. Global revascularization. Ochsner J 2001; 3:70-77. [PMID: 21765722 PMCID: PMC3116770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous endovascular intervention has revolutionized the treatment of peripheral vascular disease by allowing successful treatment of patients who are not good surgical candidates. Cardiologists with peripheral vascular training are more readily able to identify patients with concomitant peripheral arterial disease. It has been our experience that the technical skills necessary to perform coronary angioplasty are transferable to the peripheral vasculature. However, an understanding of the natural history of peripheral disease and of patient and lesion selection criteria, and the knowledge of other treatment alternatives are essential elements required to perform these procedures safely and effectively. There are inherent advantages for patients when the interventionalist performing the procedure is also the clinician responsible for the pre- and post-procedure care, analogous to the vascular surgeon who cares for patients before and after surgical procedures. In view of the increased incidence of coronary artery disease in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease, the participation of a cardiologist in their care seems appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jenkins
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA
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27
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Ramee SR, Dawson R, McKinley KL, Felberg R, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS, Awaad MI, White CJ. Provisional stenting for symptomatic intracranial stenosis using a multidisciplinary approach: acute results, unexpected benefit, and one-year outcome. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001; 52:457-67. [PMID: 11285598 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous techniques have dramatically changed our approach to coronary and peripheral revascularization. Intracranial atherosclerosis is a highly morbid disease; however, techniques for revascularization are still in evolution. The authors comprise a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neuroradiologists, and interventional cardiologists who have collaborated in treating fifteen patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis who have failed medical therapy. The acute success rate (100%) and one-year freedom from death and stroke (93.4%) using balloon angioplasty and provisional stenting are encouraging. A surprising observation in this patient cohort was that 53% of patients had improvement or resolution of a deficit that was chronic and presumed to be permanent and irreversible. This type of chronic but reversible deficit is termed "brain angina". The background, rationale for a multidisciplinary team, techniques, and preliminary results of intracranial angioplasty with provisional stenting are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Ramee
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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28
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Silva JA, White CJ, Ramee SR, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS, Sabet S, Shamaileh Q, Vivekananthan K. Percutaneous profundaplasty in the treatment of lower extremity ischemia: results of long-term surveillance. J Endovasc Ther 2001; 8:75-82. [PMID: 11220474 DOI: 10.1177/152660280100800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the procedural and long-term clinical outcomes of balloon angioplasty of the profunda femoris artery in patients with severe limb ischemia. METHODS Thirty-one consecutive patients were evaluated for severe ischemia in 32 limbs: 13 (41%) were categorized Fontaine class 2B, and 19 (59%) were class 3 or 4. The superficial femoral artery was occluded in 20 (62%) limbs; an additional vessel was treated in 22 (69%) limbs. RESULTS Procedural success was achieved in 91% (31/32) of limbs. The ankle-brachial index increased from 0.5 +/- 0.2 at baseline to 0.7 +/- 0.2 after intervention (p < 0.01). In-hospital limb salvage was 94% (30/32), and in-hospital event-free survival was 90% (28/31). At a mean follow-up of 34 +/- 20 months, no additional amputations were necessary; 3 patients required repeat revascularization, and 5 patients died. Freedom from revascularization was 88% in the 25 survivors. At follow-up, 88% of the patients had Fontaine class 1 or 2A symptoms, and only 12% had Fontaine class 2B or higher (p < 0.001 compared with baseline). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that percutaneous profundaplasty is safe, effective, and may be considered as an alternative to surgical therapy in patients with anatomically suitable lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Silva
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, and the Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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29
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Bootman MD, Collins TJ, Peppiatt CM, Prothero LS, MacKenzie L, De Smet P, Travers M, Tovey SC, Seo JT, Berridge MJ, Ciccolini F, Lipp P. Calcium signalling--an overview. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2001; 12:3-10. [PMID: 11162741 DOI: 10.1006/scdb.2000.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an almost universal intracellular messenger, controlling a diverse range of cellular processes, such as gene transcription, muscle contraction and cell proliferation. The ability of a simple ion such as Ca2+ to play a pivotal role in cell biology results from the facility that cells have to shape Ca2+ signals in the dimensions of space, time and amplitude. To generate the variety of observed Ca2+ signals, different cell types employ components selected from a Ca2+ signalling 'toolkit', which comprizes an array of signalling, homeostatic and sensory mechanisms. By mixing and matching components from the toolkit, cells can obtain Ca2+ signals that suit their physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bootman
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, CB2 4AT, UK.
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30
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Thomas D, Tovey SC, Collins TJ, Bootman MD, Berridge MJ, Lipp P. A comparison of fluorescent Ca2+ indicator properties and their use in measuring elementary and global Ca2+ signals. Cell Calcium 2000; 28:213-23. [PMID: 11032777 DOI: 10.1054/ceca.2000.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the magnitude of Ca2+ signals from changes in the emission of fluorescent indicators relies on assumptions about the indicator behaviour in situ. Factors such as osmolarity, pH, ionic strength and protein environment can affect indicator properties making it advantageous to calibrate indicators within the required cellular or subcellular environment. Selecting Ca2+ indicators appropriate for a particular application depends upon several considerations including Ca2+ binding affinity, dynamic range and ease of loading. These factors are usually best determined empirically. This study describes the in-situ calibration of a number of frequently used fluorescent Ca2+ indicators (Fluo-3, Fluo-4, Calcium Green-1, Calcium Orange, Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 and Fura-Red) and their use in reporting low- and high-amplitude Ca2+ signals in HeLa cells. All Ca2+ indicators exhibited lower in-situ Ca2+ binding affinities than suggested by previously published in-vitro determinations. Furthermore, for some of the indicators, there were significant differences in the apparent Ca2+ binding affinities between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Variation between indicators was also found in their dynamic ranges, compartmentalization, leakage and photostability. Overall, Fluo-3 proved to be the generally most applicable Ca2+ indicator, since it displayed a large dynamic range, low compartmentalization and an appropriate apparent Ca2+ binding affinity. However, it was more susceptible to photobleaching than many of the other Ca2+ indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thomas
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Yue RL, Collins TJ, Sternbergh WC, Ramee SR, White CJ. Acute renal failure after redo thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with a solitary kidney: successful percutaneous treatment. J Endovasc Ther 2000; 7:399-403. [PMID: 11032259 DOI: 10.1177/152660280000700508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the successful percutaneous treatment of renal artery stenosis that precipitated renal failure following surgical repair of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). METHODS AND RESULTS A 70-year-old woman with a solitary kidney became anuric 2 hours after urgent repair of a symptomatic true aneurysm of the Carrel patch from an 8-year-old TAAA repair. After medical treatment failed, aortography was performed, identifying complete occlusion of the solitary renal artery. Balloon dilation and implantation of a Palmaz stent restored renal perfusion and improved function. At 6-month follow-up, she was normotensive and her creatinine within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS Renal artery stenosis or occlusion is a treatable cause of acute renal failure after TAAA repair. Percutaneous treatment options are likely to be better tolerated than surgical revascularization in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Yue
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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32
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Collins TJ, Lipp P, Berridge MJ, Li W, Bootman MD. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release is inhibited by mitochondrial depolarization. Biochem J 2000; 347:593-600. [PMID: 10749691 PMCID: PMC1220994 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3470593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the consequences of depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(mit)) on Ca(2+) signals arising via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP(3)R) in hormone-stimulated HeLa cells. Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) or a mixture of antimycin A+oligomycin were found to rapidly depolarize Deltapsi(mit). Mitochondrial depolarization enhanced the number of cells responding to a brief application of a Ca(2+)-mobilizing hormone and prolonged the recovery of cytosolic Ca(2+) after washout of the hormone; effects consistent with the removal of a passive Ca(2+) buffer. However, with repeated application of the same hormone concentration both the number of responsive cells and peak Ca(2+) changes were observed to progressively decline. The inhibition of Ca(2+) signalling was observed using different Ca(2+)-mobilizing hormones and also with a membrane-permeant Ins(1,4,5)P(3) ester. Upon washout of FCCP, the Ca(2+) signals recovered with a time course similar to the re-establishment of Deltapsi(mit). Global measurements indicated that none of the obvious factors such as changes in pH, ATP concentration, cellular redox state, permeability transition pore activation or reduction in Ca(2+)-store loading appeared to underlie the inhibition of Ca(2+) signalling. We therefore suggest that local changes in one or more of these factors, as a consequence of depolarizing Deltapsi(mit), prevents InsP(3)R activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Collins
- Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
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33
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Silva JA, Ramee SR, White CJ, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS, Nunez E, Zhang S, Jain SP. Primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction: influence of diabetes mellitus in angiographic results and clinical outcome. Am Heart J 1999; 138:446-55. [PMID: 10467194 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of patients with diabetes after myocardial infarction (MI) has traditionally been worse than in their nondiabetic counterparts before and during the thrombolytic therapy era. Whether the fate of patients with diabetes might improve with mechanical intervention, particularly with primary stenting, has not previously been studied. METHODS We compared the angiographic and clinical outcome of 76 nondiabetic patients (aged 61 +/- 14 years; 66% male) and 28 patients with diabetes (aged 65 +/- 12 years; 64% male) consecutively treated with primary stenting for acute MI. Coronary Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade 3 flow was restored in 96% of diabetic and 97% of nondiabetic patients. RESULTS Angiographic results after stent deployment were similar in the 2 groups. At 1-month follow-up, all patients in both groups were alive. Patients with diabetes had a much higher incidence of stent thrombosis (18% vs 1%; P =.003), which accounted for the majority of the major cardiac events at 1 month (21% vs 4%; P =.009). At a mean follow-up of 315 +/- 13 days, 99% of nondiabetic and 89% of patients with diabetes were alive (P =.04). Overall freedom from a major cardiac event (death, MI, target vessel revascularization) at 315 +/- 13 day follow-up was 88% for nondiabetics and 54% for patients with diabetes (P =.0003). By multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus was the most important predictor for development of 1-month (RR 9.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-30) and late major cardiovascular events (RR 8.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.93-24). CONCLUSIONS Primary stenting in acute MI is highly effective in restoring immediate TIMI 3 coronary flow in nondiabetic patients and patients with diabetes. This procedure may improve benefit in terms of mortality rate to both groups, particularly in patients with diabetes, compared with previous reports with thrombolytic therapy. Nevertheless, stent thrombosis and major cardiovascular events at 1 month and late follow-up are more frequent in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Silva
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine if a hypercoagulable state that may persist for several months after an acute myocardial infarction may contribute to an increased incidence of stent thrombosis. Primary stenting was performed in 104 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction using 147 coronary stents. Twenty-eight patients (27%) were diabetic and 55 patients (53%) were smokers. A single stent was placed in 63%, two stents in 33%, and more than two stents in 4% of the patients. Procedural success was obtained in 97% of the patients. All stents were deployed using high-pressure balloon inflation. The reference vessel diameter and minimal lumen diameter after stent deployment were 3.30 +/- 0.42 and 3.23 +/- 0.42 mm, respectively. Six patients (5.7%) developed stent thrombosis within 1 month after the procedure complicated by reinfarction in five of the six patients. At 1-month follow-up, all patients remained alive. On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of stent thrombosis were diabetes mellitus (relative risk [RR] 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8, 25.1), tobacco use (RR 4.5; 95% CI 1.3, 24.5), number of stents: 1 vs. > 1 (RR 3.7; 95% CI 1.1, 15.9), minimal lumen diameter poststent placement (RR 0.03; 95% CI 0.0002, 0.74), and duration of chest pain before intervention (RR 1.1; 95% CI 1.01, 1.25). Stent thrombosis had not been associated with diabetes mellitus and tobacco use previously but is in agreement with the enhanced platelet aggregability, coagulation factor abnormalities, and impaired fibrinolysis characteristic of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Silva
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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35
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Abstract
There is a 2- to 3-fold increase in luteinizing hormone-beta (LHbeta) or follicle-stimulating hormone-beta (FSHbeta) antigen-bearing gonadotropes during diestrus in preparation for the peak LH or FSH secretory activity. This coincides with an increase in cells bearing LHbeta or FSHbeta mRNA. Similarly, there is a 3- to 4-fold increase in the percentage of cells that bind GnRH. In 1994, we reported that this augmentation in gonadotropes may come partially from subsets of somatotropes that transitionally express LHbeta or FSHbeta mRNA and GnRH-binding sites. The next phase of the study focused on questions relating to the somatotropes themselves. Do these putative somatogonadotropes retain a somatotrope phenotype? As a part of ongoing studies that address this question, a biotinylated analog of GHRH was produced, separated by HPLC and characterized for its ability to elicit the release of GH as well as bind to pituitary target cells. The biotinylated analog (Bio-GHRH) was detected cytochemically by the avidin-peroxidase complex technique. It could be displaced by competition with 100-1000 nM GHRH but not corticotropin-releasing hormone or GnRH. In cells from male rats exposed to 1 nM Bio-GHRH, 28+/-6% (mean+/-s.d) of pituitary cells exhibited label for Bio-GHRH (compared with 0.8+/-0.6% in the controls). There were no differences in percentages of GHRH target cells in populations from proestrous (28+/-5%) and estrous (25+/-5%) rats. Maximal percentages of labeled cells were seen following addition of 1 nM analog for 10 min. In dual-labeled fields, GHRH target cells contained all major pituitary hormones, but their expression of ACTH and TRH was very low (less than 3% of the pituitary cell population) and the expression of prolactin (PRL) and gonadotropins varied with the sex and stage of the animal. In all experimental groups, 78-80% of Bio-GHRH-reactive cells contained GH (80-91% of GH cells). In male rats, 33+/-6% of GHRH target cells contained PRL (37+/-9% of PRL cells) and less than 20% of these GHRH-receptive cells contained gonadotropins (23+/-1% of LH and 31+/-9% of FSH cells). In contrast, expression of PRL and gonadotropins was found in over half of the GHRH target cells from proestrous female rats (55+/-10% contained PRL; 56+/-8% contained FSHbeta; and 66+/-1% contained LHbeta). This reflected GHRH binding by 71+/-2% PRL cells, 85+/-5% of LH cells and 83+/-9% of FSH cells. In estrous female rats, the hormonal storage patterns in GHRH target cells were similar to those in the male rat. Because the overall percentages of cells with Bio-GHRH or GH label do not vary among the three groups, the differences seen in the proestrous group reflect internal changes within a single group of somatotropes that retain their GHRH receptor phenotype. Hence, these data correlate with earlier findings that showed that somatotropes may be converted to transitional gonadotropes just before proestrus secretory activity. The LH and FSH antigen content of the GHRH target cells from proestrous rats demonstrates that the LHbeta and FSHbeta mRNAs are indeed translated. Furthermore, the increased expression of PRL antigens by these cells signifies that these convertible somatotropes may also be somatomammotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Childs
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1043, USA
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36
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Xie J, Nagle GT, Ritchie AK, Collins TJ, Childs GV. Cold stress and corticotropin-releasing hormone induced changes in messenger ribonucleic acid for the alpha(1)-subunit of the L-type Ca(2+) channel in the rat anterior pituitary and enriched populations of corticotropes. Neuroendocrinology 1999; 70:10-9. [PMID: 10420089 DOI: 10.1159/000054455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In response to stress, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) is secreted from anterior pituitary corticotropes. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a potent stimulator of ACTH secretion. The CRH stimulation of secretion is mediated by cAMP and is largely dependent on Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated L-type Ca(2+) channels. This study was designed to investigate whether the expression of L-type Ca(2+) channels in the rat anterior pituitary and in corticotropes is regulated by acute stress and CRH. RNase protection assays were used to quantify alpha(1C) mRNA of the L-type Ca(2+) channel. The alpha(1C) mRNA levels from stressed rats increased by 31% in anterior pituitaries of rats after 30 min of exposure to cold stress. Neither 60 min cold stress nor 30 min restraint stress had an effect on alpha(1C) mRNA levels. When alpha(1C) mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in a population of corticotropes enriched to 90%, 0.5 nM CRH (3 h) stimulated a 36% increase in the average area of label/cell and a 10% increase in the average density of label. Our results suggest that (1) the expression of alpha(1C) subunit mRNA of L-type Ca(2+) channels is increased in the rat anterior pituitary with a stress-specific response that might reflect an increase both in thyrotropes and corticotropes (both are known to be stimulated by cold stress), and (2) the CRH-mediated increase in alpha(1C) mRNA expression in individual rat corticotropes, in vitro, supports the hypothesis that some of the increase in vivo is due to changes in corticotropes.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium Channels/biosynthesis
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/biosynthesis
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, R-Type
- Cation Transport Proteins
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cold Temperature/adverse effects
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/cytology
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Restraint, Physical
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Stress, Physiological/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xie
- Department of Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Tex., USA.
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Abstract
Coronary stent thrombosis, a rare complication after stent deployment, carries major morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments for stent thrombosis include local or systemic delivery of thrombolytic agents and balloon angioplasty, both with far from optimum results. We report on two cases of coronary stent thrombosis successfully treated with rheolytic thrombectomy as an adjunct to balloon angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Scott
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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38
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Babb JD, Collins TJ, Cowley MJ, Dorros G, Freedman RJ, Galichia J, Iannone IA, Kern MJ, Tommaso CL, Ramee SR, Rosenfield K, Roubin GS, Weintraub RA, White RA, White CJ. Revised guidelines for the performance of peripheral vascular intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 1999; 46:21-3. [PMID: 10348560 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-726x(199901)46:1<21::aid-ccd6>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Babb
- Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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39
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Silva JA, Ramee SR, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS, Lansky AJ, Ansel GM, Dolmatch BL, Glickman MH, Stainken B, Ramee E, White CJ. Rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of acute limb-threatening ischemia: immediate results and six-month follow-up of the multicenter AngioJet registry. Possis Peripheral AngioJet Study AngioJet Investigators. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1998; 45:386-93. [PMID: 9863742 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0304(199812)45:4<386::aid-ccd7>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We tested the efficacy of rheolytic thrombectomy in treating 21 patients (mean age 68+/-12 years; 66% male) and 22 vessels (limbs) who presented to the hospital within 2 weeks of the development of limb-threatening ischemia. Fifty-two percent had contraindications to use thrombolytics, and 57% had severe comorbidities. All of the vessels were occluded with thrombus on the initial angiogram. Procedural success was achieved in 20 limbs (91%). Three patients expired in the hospital, and one expired at follow-up due to nonvascular causes. Acute limb salvage was achieved in 18 of 19 limbs (95%) in the 18 survivors, and 6-month limb salvage was achieved in 16 of 18 limbs (89%) in the 17 survivors. Rheolytic thrombectomy is effective in restoring immediate blood flow in acute limb-threatening ischemia, especially in high-risk surgical patients or patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Silva
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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Turgut T, Harjai KJ, Edupuganti R, Cole J, Jenkins JS, Ramee SR, Collins TJ. Acute coronary occlusion and in-stent thrombosis in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1998; 45:428-33. [PMID: 9863754 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0304(199812)45:4<428::aid-ccd19>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe a case of essential thrombocythemia in a 34-year-old male who presented with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction and a platelet count of 2,100,000/mm3. Primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty and stenting were performed. Postangioplasty course was complicated by stent thrombosis requiring repeat coronary angioplasty and persistent femoral arterial bleeding that was treated with surgical exploration and repair. The patient was subsequently treated with platelet pheresis, acetylsalicylic acid, ticlopidine, hydroxyurea, and anagrelide without further complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Turgut
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate acute angiographic success, in-hospital complications and long-term outcome after intracoronary stenting in patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy. BACKGROUND The application of conventional interventional modalities to treat discrete lesions in patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy is associated with higher procedural morbidity, mortality and higher restenosis compared to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Elective coronary stenting has been shown to lower restenosis rates and improve long-term outcome in selected patients with native coronary artery disease; however, its safety and efficacy in reducing restenosis in patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy is unknown. METHODS Ten patients with 19 discrete lesions in a major coronary artery without diffuse distal disease underwent intracoronary stenting using Palmaz-Schatz stents. The average stent size was 3.4 mm, and the stent/artery ratio was 0.99+/-0.07. Eight of ten (80%) patients received antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus ticlopidine) only. RESULTS Procedural success was 100% with no in-hospital stent thrombosis, Q-wave myocardial infarction or death. Minimal luminal diameter increased from 0.83+/-0.38 mm to 3.23+/-0.49 mm after stenting. Diameter stenosis decreased from 74.91+/-11.52% to 5.90+/-4.09% after stenting. Follow-up angiography was performed in 8 of 10 (80%) patients and 16 of 19 (84%) lesions. Target lesion revascularization was required in 2 of 10 (20%) patients and 3 of 16 (19%) lesions. Allograft survival was 7 of 10 (70%) at the end of 22+/-11 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Intracoronary stenting can be performed safely with excellent angiographic success in selected patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy. The restenosis rate appears to be low despite the aggressive nature of the disease. A multicenter study with a larger number of patients is required to assess its efficacy in reducing restenosis and improving allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Jain
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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White CJ, Ramee SR, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS. Impact of angioscopy on coronary interventions. Indian Heart J 1998; 50 Suppl 1:89-98. [PMID: 9824913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C J White
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans 70121, USA
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White CJ, Ramee SR, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS. Renal artery stent placement: indications, techniques and clinical results. Indian Heart J 1998; 50 Suppl 1:153-60. [PMID: 9824921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C J White
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, USA
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Silva JA, White CJ, Collins TJ, Ramee SR. Morphologic comparison of atherosclerotic lesions in native coronary arteries and saphenous vein graphs with intracoronary angioscopy in patients with unstable angina. Am Heart J 1998; 136:156-63. [PMID: 9665233 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary vein grafts develop accelerated atherosclerosis after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Previous pathologic studies have suggested that the morphologic appearance of atherosclerotic lesions in saphenous vein grafts may have subtle differences compared with those of native coronary arteries and may be more prone to disruption and thrombus formation. However, a comparative in vivo assessment of the angioscopic morphology differences between these two types of vessels has not been reported previously. We compared the angioscopic lesion morphology of native coronary arteries and saphenous vein grafts in patients with unstable angina. METHODS AND RESULTS Percutaneous coronary angioscopy was performed in 60 consecutive patients with unstable angina. Plaque color, texture, friability, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaque ulceration or intracoronary thrombus were noted in the culprit lesion. The culprit lesion was located in native coronary arteries in 42 (70%) patients and in a saphenous vein graft in 18 (30%) patients. There were no significant differences in age, sex, and coronary risk factors including tobacco use, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes mellitus between the two populations. There were also no significant differences between the two groups in terms of plaque color, surface texture, or the incidence of complex plaque morphology (plaque ulceration and intracoronary thrombosis). Loosely adherent, friable plaque, detected by angioscopy, was absent in native coronary arteries and was present in 44% of the saphenous vein grafts (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The results of our angioscopic study indicate that other than a high incidence of plaque friability in vein grafts, the surface morphology of culprit lesions in unstable angina patients is quite similar for saphenous vein grafts and native coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- C J White
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA.
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Dillon CT, Lay PA, Bonin AM, Cholewa M, Legge GJ, Collins TJ, Kostka KL. Permeability, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of chromium (V) and chromium (VI) complexes in V79 Chinese hamster lung cells. Chem Res Toxicol 1998; 11:119-29. [PMID: 9511903 DOI: 10.1021/tx9701541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of Cr(V) complexes in mammalian cells (V79 Chinese hamster lung cells) has been studied for the first time using the in vitro micronucleus assay. Two complexes were investigated, [CrO(ehba)2]-, which undergoes ligand-exchange and disproportionation reactions in the cell growth medium, and [CrO(mampa)]-, which is chemically inert in the medium for the duration of the exposure period. Results of in vitro micronucleus assays show that both complexes are genotoxic and exhibit similar potencies to that of [Cr2O7]2-. The permeabilities of the Cr(V) complexes were also investigated for the first time using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of individual cells. The Cr uptake increased in the order: [Cr(phen)2-(H2O)2]3+ < [CrO(ehba)2]- < [CrO(mampa)]- < [Cr2O7]2-. Clonal assays showed that Cr(VI) exhibits an expectedly higher cytotoxicity than the Cr(V) complexes. While the genotoxicities of the Cr(V) and Cr(VI) complexes increase according to their permeabilities, the genotoxicities of the Cr(V) complexes are equal to, if not greater than, that of Cr(VI) in terms of the amount of Cr entering the cell. This supports other evidence that Cr(V), produced as a metabolic intermediate from the intracellular reduction of Cr(VI), may be important in Cr-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Dillon
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the safety and efficacy of stent placement in patients with poorly controlled hypertension and renal artery stenoses, which are difficult to treat with balloon angioplasty alone. BACKGROUND Preliminary experience with stent placement suggests improved results over balloon angioplasty alone in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. METHODS Balloon-expandable stents were placed in 100 consecutive patients (133 renal arteries) with hypertension and renal artery stenosis. Sixty-seven of the patients had unilateral renal artery stenosis treated and 33 had bilateral renal artery stenoses treated with stents placed in both renal arteries. RESULTS Angiographic success, as determined by quantitative angiography, was obtained in 132 (99%) of 133 lesions. Early clinical success was achieved in 76% of the patients. Six months after stent placement, the systolic blood pressure was reduced from 173 +/- 25 to 147 +/- 23 mm Hg (p < 0.001); the diastolic pressure from 88 +/- 17 to 76 +/- 12 mm Hg (p < 0.001); and the mean number of antihypertensive medications per patient from 2.6 +/- 1 to 2.0 +/- 0.9 (p < 0.001). Angiographic follow-up at a mean of 8.7 +/- 5.0 months in 67 patients revealed restenosis (>50% diameter narrowing) in 15 (19%) of 80 stented vessels. CONCLUSIONS Renal artery stenting is an effective treatment for renovascular hypertension, with a low angiographic restenosis rate. Stent placement appears to be a very attractive therapy in patients with lesions difficult to treat with balloon angioplasty such as renal aorto-ostial lesions and restenotic lesions, as well as after a suboptimal balloon angioplasty result.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J White
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA.
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Khosla S, White CJ, Collins TJ, Jenkins JS, Shaw D, Ramee SR. Effects of renal artery stent implantation in patients with renovascular hypertension presenting with unstable angina or congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:363-6. [PMID: 9264441 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of renal artery stent implantation in patients with renovascular hypertension presenting with unstable angina (n = 20) or congestive heart failure (n = 28). There was a significant improvement in the Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class and the New York Heart Association functional class, and at 8.4 +/- 6.4 month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khosla
- Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
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Mehra MR, Ventura HO, Stapleton DD, Karsan AK, Smart FW, Ramee SR, Collins TJ. Allograft aortopathy: an in vivo study of donor aorta involvement in cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Am Heart J 1997; 133:698-702. [PMID: 9200398 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Limited histopathologic studies of failed cardiac allografts have demonstrated that cardiac allograft vasculopathy extends into the donor aorta; however, no study has examined the development of allograft aortic intimal proliferation in vivo in conjunction with coronary intimal hyperplasia. By using simultaneous intracoronary and intraaortic ultrasound, we studied 20 consecutive heart transplant recipients at 2.5 +/- 2.1 years after transplantation. The degree of coronary intimal thickening was strongly correlated with the development of intraaortic intimal hyperplasia (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). Multivariate predictors of aortic intimal thickening included years after transplant (r = 0.47; p = 0.03), serum cholesterol level (r = 0.65, p = 0.003), and serum triglyceride level (r = 0.51; p = 0.03). Allograft aortopathy occurs in a similar manner to allograft coronary disease, thus providing support for the notion that an immunologic stimulus operating across the allograft vascular bed may be responsible for the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Furthermore, this investigation provides insight into the putative role of hyperlipidemia in allograft vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mehra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Institutions, New Orleans, La. 70121, USA
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Dillon CT, Lay PA, Cholewa M, Legge GJ, Bonin AM, Collins TJ, Kostka KL, Shea-McCarthy G. Microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopic determination of the oxidation state of intracellular chromium following exposure of V79 Chinese hamster lung cells to genotoxic chromium complexes. Chem Res Toxicol 1997; 10:533-5. [PMID: 9168250 DOI: 10.1021/tx970010m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation state of intracellular chromium has been determined directly in mammalian lung cells exposed to mutagenic and carcinogenic chromium compounds. Microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments on single V79 Chinese hamster lung cells showed that Cr(VI) and Cr(V) complexes were reduced completely (>90%) to Cr(III) within 4 h of exposure of the cells. This result provides direct evidence for the hypothesis that these genotoxic oxidants react rapidly with intracellular reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Dillon
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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