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Keerasomboon T, Soga T, Hirose N. The Effect of Variations in Knee and Hip Angles on Electromyographic Activity of the Hamstrings and Related Muscles During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:275-283. [PMID: 38439779 PMCID: PMC10909307 DOI: 10.26603/001c.92745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The benefit of performing the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) on an inclined board has been described, however, isometric hamstring activation in different knee and hip angles has not yet been thoroughly explored. Purpose This study investigated the effect of variations in knee and hip angles during the isometric performance of the NHE on electromyographic activity of the hamstring muscles. Study design Crossover study. Methods Thirteen male volunteers performed isometric contractions during the NHE with the knee (30°, 50°, 60°) and the hip (0°, 30°, and 45°) in various angles of flexion on a leg support platform which was inclined at 30°. An electrical goniometer was used to monitor the knee and hip joint angles during 5-s isometric contractions. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare normalized electromyographic values of each muscle across different knee and hip angles, followed by pairwise comparisons. Results The electromyographic activity of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus at a knee angle of 30° and hip angle of 0° were significantly higher than those observed with a knee angle of 50° and hip angle of 0°, or a knee angle of 60° and hip angle of 0° (p<0.05). The electromyographic activity of the semimembranosus at a knee angle of 60° and hip angle of 45° was significantly higher than values obtained with knee and hip angles of 60° and 0°, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions The results indicate that using a knee flexion of 30° and a hip flexion of 0°, while isometrically performing the NHE on a platform inclined at 30°, may optimize electromyographic activity of the hamstrings. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiaki Soga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
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Laddawong T, Saito H, Soga T, Hirose N. Acute Effects of a Hop-Stabilization Warm-Up Program on Dynamic Balance, Ground Reaction Force, and Muscle Activity During Cutting Movements in Collegiate Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability. Int J Exerc Sci 2024; 17:343-358. [PMID: 38665165 PMCID: PMC11042843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
First-time lateral ankle sprains often lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI), with 47% facing recurrent injuries, emphasizing the need for preventive measures. Side-cutting movements in sports pose a risk for CAI individuals due to potential biomechanical control alterations. While the hop-stabilization warm-up program has proven effective in preventing ankle sprains, its specific acute impact on CAI individuals lacks substantial evidence. This study employed a crossover design with eight CAI participants (23 ± 3.4 years, BMI 23 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and eight healthy participants (25 ± 3.6 years, BMI 23 ± 1.7 kg/m2) to investigate the acute effects of the hop-stabilization warm-up program on dynamic balance, ground reaction force (GRF), and muscle activity during 45- and 90-degree side-cutting movements. Each participant underwent hop-stabilization and control warm-up programs on two experimental days. Assessments, including the Y-balance test, GRF, and muscle activity pre- and post-warm-up, revealed significant improvements in dynamic balance, GRF, and muscle activity during 45-degree side-cutting movements in CAI participants. These findings suggest the potential benefits of incorporating the hop-stabilization warm-up program into the warm-up protocol for individuals with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Saito
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Toshiaki Soga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, JAPAN
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, JAPAN
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Soga T, Yamaguchi S, Inami T, Saito H, Hakariya N, Nakaichi N, Shinohara S, Akiyama K, Hirose N. The Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone Application for Break-Point Angle Measurement during Nordic Hamstring Exercise. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:917-922. [PMID: 37547835 PMCID: PMC10399091 DOI: 10.26603/001c.83936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A recently developed smartphone application (Nordic Angle) allows the automatic calculation of the break-point angle (BPA) during Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) without transferring the collected data to a computer. The BPA is the point at which the hamstrings are unable to withstand force. However, the validity of the BPA values obtained by this method has not been examined. Hypothesis/Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Nordic Angle by comparing the BPA values of the Nordic Angle with those of two-dimensional motion analysis software that can calculate the angles and angular velocities of various joints. Study Design Cohort assessing Validity and Reliability. Methods The validity of the Nordic Angle BPA data was verified by Spearman's correlation test for consistency with the movement analysis data, and the magnitude of the correlation was indicated by rs. The agreement between these measurements was examined using the Bland-Altman analysis. The reliability of the Nordic Angle and motion analysis was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (1,k) based on data from repeated trials within a day. Results Although the spearman correlation between the Nordic angle and the angle determined using motion analysis did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.052), a very large correlation was present (rs = 0.75). The difference between the mean values of the Nordic Angle and motion analysis was 0.4 ± 2.1°, and the limits of agreement ranged from -3.9° to 4.6°. In two BPA measurements, the Nordic Angle showed perfect reliability (ICC = 1.00, p < 0.001), while motion analysis showed nearly perfect reliability (ICC = 0.97, p < 0.001). Conclusion The Nordic Angle, which has both validity and reliability, may be appropriate for field measurement because it allows immediate feedback of BPA and the measurement of many athletes. Level of evidence 3b©The Author(s).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiromi Saito
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences Waseda University
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Keerasomboon T, Soga T, Hirose N. Influence of Altered Knee Angle on Electromyographic Activity of Hamstring Muscles Between Nordic Hamstring Exercise and Nordic Hamstring Exercise with Incline Slope Lower Leg Board. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2022; 17:832-840. [PMID: 35949369 PMCID: PMC9340823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that performing the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) with different board slope angles can affect hamstring activation. However, changes in muscle length with different board slopes can alter joint angles leading to the moment arm (MA) at the knee changing during the NHE. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the influence of changing muscle length on hamstring electromyographic activity during an isometric NHE, while maintaining an equal moment arm. Study Design A crossover study design. Methods Sixteen male volunteers performed two types of conventional NHE, one with knees on the floor (NHE) and one with the legs placed upon an incline slope of a lower leg board (NHEB). To compare between the conventional and inclined NHE, the moment arm at the knee was calculated to be equal by an examiner holding the lower legs at points marked at 77% and 94% of the length of the lower leg. The four sub-groups comprised of: 1) NHE-77%, 2) NHE-94%, 3) NHEB-77%, and 4) NHEB-94%. The hamstring EMG activity was measured at the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and at the semitendinosus (ST) and related compensatory muscles. The RMS data were normalized as a percentage of the maximum isometric values (normalized EMG [nEMG]). Significant main effects findings were followed up with Tukey's post-hoc test using SPSS software and statistical significance was set at the p < 0.05 level. Results The BFlh EMG activity values for NHE-77% were significantly higher than those for NHE-94% (p= 0.036) and NHEB-77% (p < 0.001), respectively, while ST during NHE-77% was significantly higher only in NHEB-77% (p < 0.001). In addition, NHEB-94% was significantly greater than NHEB-77% for both BFlh (p < 0.001) and ST (p < 0.001). Conclusion These results indicate that hamstring electromyographic activity is decreased when the hamstring muscle is lengthened during the Nordic hamstring exercise. Level of Evidence 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshiaki Soga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
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Soga T, Nishiumi D, Furusho A, Akiyama K, Hirose N. Effect of Different Slopes of the Lower Leg during the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Electromyography Activity. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:216-221. [PMID: 33948099 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the NHE with an increased lower leg slope angle would enhance hamstring EMG activity in the final phase of the descend. The hamstring EMG activity was measured, the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and the semitendinosus (ST). Fifteen male volunteers participated in this study. Subjects performed a prone leg curl with maximal voluntary isometric contraction to normalize the hamstring EMG activity. Subsequently, subjects performed the NHE, with the help of a certified strength and conditioning specialist, while the lower leg slope angle were randomly set at 0° (NH), 20° (N20), and 40° (N40). To compare hamstring EMG activity during the NHE variations, the knee flexion angle was set in the range from 0° to 50°, divided into five phases (0-10°, 10-20°, 20-30°, 30-40° and 40-50°), where 0° indicated that the knee was fully extended. To calculate the knee extension angular velocity, the knee flexion angle divided by time, and break point angle (BPA) was the angle at which 10°/s was exceeded. In the statistical analysis, a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for the hamstring EMG activity and a one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used for the BPA. The EMG activity of the BFlh and the ST in N20 and N40 was significantly higher than in NH at knee flexion angle of 0-20° (p < 0.05). For the BPA, NH (57.75° ± 13.28°), N20 (36.27° ± 9.89°) and N40 (16.26° ± 9.58°) were significantly higher in that order (p < 0.05). The results of this study revealed that the NHE with an increased lower leg slope angle shifted the BPA to the lower knee flexion angle and enhanced the hamstring EMG activity in the final phase of the descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Soga
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Nishiumi
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuya Furusho
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Akiyama
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hirose
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Asib NAM, Afaah AN, Aadila A, Husairi FS, Alrokayan SAH, Khan HA, Mamat MH, Soga T, Rusop M, Khusaimi Z. Solution growth of highly crystalline and dense-packed ZnO nanorods on a TiO 2seed layer with enhanced absorbance properties. Jpn J Appl Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.7567/1347-4065/ab460e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Mochizuki Y, Kikuchi N, Kaji N, Okada T, Terada K, Haakaku Y, Tomabechi N, Soga T, Era T, Kobatake N, Nishiyama T. Effects Of High-intensity Strength Training On Muscle Strength Gain And Muscle Hypertrophy In Males And Females: A Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561067.64587.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alsoghier H, Selim M, Salman H, Rageh H, Santos M, Ibrahim S, Dongol M, Soga T, Abuelwafa A. NMR spectroscopic, linear and non-linear optical properties of 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-(phenylhydrazono)acetonitrile (BTPA) azo dye. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kono
- Department of Home Health Nursing,Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - N. Yoshiyuki
- Department of Home Health Nursing,Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Y. Kanaya
- Department of Home Health Nursing,Osaka City University, Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - T. Soga
- Izumiotsu Community-based Integrated Center, Izumiotsu, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Camerino MA, Liu M, Moriya S, Kitahashi T, Mahgoub A, Mountford SJ, Chalmers DK, Soga T, Parhar IS, Thompson PE. Beta amino acid-modified and fluorescently labelled kisspeptin analogues with potent KISS1R activity. J Pept Sci 2017; 22:406-14. [PMID: 27282137 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin analogues with improved metabolic stability may represent important ligands in the study of the kisspeptin/KISS1R system and have therapeutic potential. In this paper we assess the activity of known and novel kisspeptin analogues utilising a dual luciferase reporter assay in KISS1R-transfected HEK293T cells. In general terms the results reflect the outcomes of other assay formats and a number of potent agonists were identified among the analogues, including β(2) -hTyr-modified and fluorescently labelled forms. We also showed, by assaying kisspeptin in the presence of protease inhibitors, that proteolysis of kisspeptin activity within the reporter assay itself may diminish the agonist outputs. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Camerino
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - M Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - S Moriya
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - T Kitahashi
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - A Mahgoub
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - S J Mountford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - D K Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - T Soga
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - I S Parhar
- Brain Research Institutes, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - P E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, 3052, Australia
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Mitsumori M, Hayakawa K, Soga T, Maeda M, Torizuka T, Okuno Y, Misaki T, Dokoh S. Effects of Contrast Media on the RR and QT Interval during Coronary Arteriography. Acta Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/028418519103200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During coronary arteriography, transient prolongation of the RR and QT intervals can be observed to occur. Animal experiments have suggested that low-osmolality contrast media have less effect, but there have been few clinical studies of this phenomenon. We analyzed 95 electrocardiographic records from patients who had undergone coronary arteriography and assessed the maximal prolongation of the RR and QT intervals. The contrast media used for arteriography included meglumine sodium diatrizoate, iopamidol, iohexol, and meglumine sodium ioxaglate. Diatrizoate caused the greatest electrocardiographic changes. Among the low osmolality contrast media, ioxaglate caused the smallest bradycardial effect and iohexol the smallest prolongation of the QT interval. It appears necessary to consider some additional factors for osmolality or ionicity, such as the chemotoxicity of the chemical structure of the iodinated contrast medium moiety, when assessing their potential adverse effect on the cardiac conduction system.
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Salifairus M, Abd Hamid S, Soga T, A.H. Alrokayan S, A. Khan H, Rusop M. Structural and optical properties of graphene from green carbon source via thermal chemical vapor deposition. J Mater Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2016.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
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Takahashi N, Murata H, Kitami H, Mitsubori H, Sakuraba J, Soga T, Aoki Y, Katoh T. Development of a microwave ion source for ion implantations. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:02C108. [PMID: 26932118 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A microwave ion source is expected to have a long lifetime, as it has fewer consumables. Thus, we are in the process of developing a microwave ion source for ion implantation applications. In this paper, we report on a newly developed plasma chamber and the extracted P(+) beam currents. The volume of the plasma chamber is optimized by varying the length of a boron nitride block installed within the chamber. The extracted P(+) beam current is more than 30 mA, at a 25 kV acceleration voltage, using PH3 gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takahashi
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - H Murata
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - H Kitami
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - H Mitsubori
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - J Sakuraba
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - T Soga
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - Y Aoki
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - T Katoh
- Technology Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
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Salifairus M, Hamid SA, Soga T, Alrokayan SA, Khan HA, Rusop M. Surface topography of synthesized graphene from green carbon source using thermal chemical vapor deposition. 2015 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD) 2015. [DOI: 10.1109/scored.2015.7449391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Harada S, Takebayashi T, Kurihara A, Okamura T, Sugiyama D, Takeuchi A, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Tomita M. Metabolomic Biomarkers of Daily Alcohol Intake and Alcohol-Induced Hepatopathy in Community-Dwelling Adults: Tsuruoka Metabolomic Cohort Study, Japan. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yamanaka-Okumura H, Hirayama A, Wada S, Kajiura D, Masuda M, Takeda E, Taketani Y, Imura S, Utsunomiya T, Shimada M, Tomita M, Soga T. MON-PP050: Perioperative Serum and Urine Metabolome Analysis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Malek M, Mamat M, Musa M, Soga T, Rahman S, Alrokayan SA, Khan HA, Rusop M. Metamorphosis of strain/stress on optical band gap energy of ZAO thin films via manipulation of thermal annealing process. Journal of Luminescence 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, McGrath JC, Catterall WA, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ, Abul-Hasn N, Anderson CM, Anderson CMH, Araiksinen MS, Arita M, Arthofer E, Barker EL, Barratt C, Barnes NM, Bathgate R, Beart PM, Belelli D, Bennett AJ, Birdsall NJM, Boison D, Bonner TI, Brailsford L, Bröer S, Brown P, Calo G, Carter WG, Catterall WA, Chan SLF, Chao MV, Chiang N, Christopoulos A, Chun JJ, Cidlowski J, Clapham DE, Cockcroft S, Connor MA, Cox HM, Cuthbert A, Dautzenberg FM, Davenport AP, Dawson PA, Dent G, Dijksterhuis JP, Dollery CT, Dolphin AC, Donowitz M, Dubocovich ML, Eiden L, Eidne K, Evans BA, Fabbro D, Fahlke C, Farndale R, Fitzgerald GA, Fong TM, Fowler CJ, Fry JR, Funk CD, Futerman AH, Ganapathy V, Gaisnier B, Gershengorn MA, Goldin A, Goldman ID, Gundlach AL, Hagenbuch B, Hales TG, Hammond JR, Hamon M, Hancox JC, Hauger RL, Hay DL, Hobbs AJ, Hollenberg MD, Holliday ND, Hoyer D, Hynes NA, Inui KI, Ishii S, Jacobson KA, Jarvis GE, Jarvis MF, Jensen R, Jones CE, Jones RL, Kaibuchi K, Kanai Y, Kennedy C, Kerr ID, Khan AA, Klienz MJ, Kukkonen JP, Lapoint JY, Leurs R, Lingueglia E, Lippiat J, Lolait SJ, Lummis SCR, Lynch JW, MacEwan D, Maguire JJ, Marshall IL, May JM, McArdle CA, McGrath JC, Michel MC, Millar NS, Miller LJ, Mitolo V, Monk PN, Moore PK, Moorhouse AJ, Mouillac B, Murphy PM, Neubig RR, Neumaier J, Niesler B, Obaidat A, Offermanns S, Ohlstein E, Panaro MA, Parsons S, Pwrtwee RG, Petersen J, Pin JP, Poyner DR, Prigent S, Prossnitz ER, Pyne NJ, Pyne S, Quigley JG, Ramachandran R, Richelson EL, Roberts RE, Roskoski R, Ross RA, Roth M, Rudnick G, Ryan RM, Said SI, Schild L, Sanger GJ, Scholich K, Schousboe A, Schulte G, Schulz S, Serhan CN, Sexton PM, Sibley DR, Siegel JM, Singh G, Sitsapesan R, Smart TG, Smith DM, Soga T, Stahl A, Stewart G, Stoddart LA, Summers RJ, Thorens B, Thwaites DT, Toll L, Traynor JR, Usdin TB, Vandenberg RJ, Villalon C, Vore M, Waldman SA, Ward DT, Willars GB, Wonnacott SJ, Wright E, Ye RD, Yonezawa A, Zimmermann M. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: overview. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1449-58. [PMID: 24528237 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties from the IUPHAR database. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. This compilation of the major pharmacological targets is divided into seven areas of focus: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors & Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and GRAC and provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Takahashi N, Murata H, Mitsubori H, Sakuraba J, Soga T, Aoki Y, Katoh T, Saitoh Y, Yamada K, Ikenaga N, Sakudo N. Development of microwave ion source for industrial applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02C306. [PMID: 24593643 DOI: 10.1063/1.4826675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A microwave ion source is one of the long-life ion sources. In this paper, we report on the characteristics of the extracted Ar ion beam produced by a microwave ion source under various conditions, in terms of magnetic flux distribution and mass flow, and the stability of the ion beam. The measured spectra show that, under the experimental condition, almost all of produced ions were Ar(+) ions. For more than 6 h, the ion beam was stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takahashi
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 19 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - H Murata
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 19 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - H Mitsubori
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 19 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - J Sakuraba
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 19 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - T Soga
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 19 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - Y Aoki
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 19 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - T Katoh
- Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., 19 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8555, Japan
| | - Y Saitoh
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - K Yamada
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - N Ikenaga
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
| | - N Sakudo
- Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8501, Japan
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Soga T, Wong D, Putteeraj M, Song K, Parhar I. Early-life citalopram-induced impairments in sexual behavior and the role of androgen receptor. Neuroscience 2012; 225:172-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Konagai S, Mori M, Shimada I, Kondoh Y, Shindou N, Soga T, Furutani T, Sakagami H, Ueno Y, Kaneko N, Tanaka R, Fushiki H, Saito R, Kuromitsu S. ASP3026, a Selective ALK Inhibitor, Induces Tumor Regression against Crizotinib Resistant EML4-ALK-Dependent Tumor Models in Mice. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Soga T, Dalpatadu SL, Wong DW, Parhar IS. Neonatal dexamethasone exposure down-regulates GnRH expression through the GnIH pathway in female mice. Neuroscience 2012; 218:56-64. [PMID: 22626647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone; DEX) treatment during the neonatal stage is known to affect reproductive activity. However, it is still unknown whether neonatal stress activates gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) synthesizing cells in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), which could have pronounced suppressive action on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, leading to delayed pubertal onset. This study was designed to determine the effect of neonatal DEX (1.0mg/kg) exposure on reproductive maturation. Therefore, GnRH, GnIH and GnIH receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPR) 147 and GPR74 mRNA levels were measured using quantitative real-time PCR in female mice at postnatal (P) days 21, 30 and in estrus stage mice, aged between P45-50. DEX-treated females of P45-50 had delayed vaginal opening, and irregular estrus cycles and lower GnRH expression in the preoptic area (POA) when compared with age-matched controls. The expression levels of GPR147 and GPR74 mRNA in the POA increased significantly in DEX-treated female mice of P21 and P45-50 compared to controls. In addition, GPR147 and GPR74 mRNA expression was observed in laser captured single GnRH neurons in the POA. Although there was no difference in GnIH mRNA expression in the DMH, immunostained GnIH cell numbers in the DMH increased in DEX-treated females of P45-50 compared to controls. Taken together, the results show that the delayed pubertal onset could be due to the inhibition of GnRH gene expression after neonatal DEX treatment, which may be accounted for in part by the inhibitory signals from the up-regulated GnIH-GnIH receptor pathway to the POA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soga
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, 46150, Malaysia.
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Chakraborty P, Chakravarty BN, Kabir SN, Goswami SK, Yenicesu O, Gulerman C, Ozyer S, Cakar E, Sarikaya E, Mollamahmutoglu L, Daponte A, Deligeoroglou E, Pournaras S, Tsezou A, Garas A, Skentou H, Messinis IE, Chakravarty BN, Ganesh A, Chowdhuri K, Shyam T, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay R, Banerjee P, Pasricha P, Chakravarty BN, Chaudhury K, Kuji N, Kitamura S, Mochimaru Y, Yamada M, Hamatani T, Kawakami M, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Tomita M, Yoshimura Y, Tabibi A, Tarahhomi M, Roghayee M, Bayatsarmadi H, Zolghadri J, Younesi M, Bug S, Solfrank B, Pricelius J, Craig A, Botcherby M, Stecher M, Bingemann S, Becker B, Nevinny-Stickel-Hinzpeter C, Kuroda K, Venkatakrishnan R, Salker MS, Quenby S, Brosens JJ, Rahmati M, Petitbarat M, Dubanchet S, Chaouat G, Ledee N, van den Berg M, van Maarle MC, van Wely M, Goddijn M, Telli P, Erdem M, Bozkurt N, Oktem M, Yirmibes K. M, Karabacak O, Erdem A, Kim CH, Lee KH, Kim SH, Chae HD, Kang BM, Jung KS, Johnson S, Godbert S, Perry P, Parkinson P, Vink-Ranti CQJ, Van Os HC, Tucker KE, Kapiteijn K, Heijdra PMA, Jansen CAM, Matsumoto H, Sato Y, Suginami K, Horie A, Fujiwara H, Konishi I, Yamada S, Kataoka N, Ogata S, Mukai M, Inai K, Hashimoto H, Tokura Y, Mizusawa Y, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto E, Kokeguchi S, Shiotani M, Mariee N, Li TC, Laird SM, Refaat B, Simpson H, Ledger W, Confino E, Williams A, Grabar V, Feskov A, Feskova I, Blazhko E, Horie A, Fujiwara H, Sato Y, Suginami K, Matsumoto H, Maruyama M, Konishi I, Hattori A, Chi HB, Qiao J, Wang HN, Hong TP, Gao HW, Abdelnaby El Gelany SAA, Nady Abdelmegeed A, Markoff A, Rogenhofer N, Engels L, Bogdanova N, Tuettelmann F, Thaler C, Seckin B, Sarikaya E, Sargin Oruc A, Celen S, Cicek N, Zarei S, Torabi R, Zeraati H, Zarnani AH, Akhondi MM, Hadavi R, Savadi-Shiraz E, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Ozaki Y, Katano K, Suzumori N, Kitaori T, Mizutani E, Al-Gubory KH, Bolifraud P, Angele K, Grange S, Puillet-Anselme L, Garrel C. EARLY PREGNANCY. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Phang YL, Soga T, Kitahashi T, Parhar IS. Cloning and functional expression of novel cholesterol transporters ABCG1 and ABCG4 in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons of the tilapia. Neuroscience 2011; 203:39-49. [PMID: 22198513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In addition to reproduction, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been postulated to control cholesterol metabolism via cholesterol transport, which is carried out partly by the members of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters G1 (ABCG1) and G4 (ABCG4). However, there is yet to be evidence demonstrating the relationship between these transporters with reference to GnRH neurons. In the present study, we cloned two ABCG1 messenger RNA (mRNA) variants and one ABCG4 mRNA and examined their expression in the brain including GnRH neurons (GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH3) in the cichlid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comparison of nucleotide sequences of the tilapia ABCG1 and ABCG4 with that of other fish species showed that both of these genes are evolutionarily conserved among fishes. ABCG1 and ABCG4 were shown to have high mRNA expressions in the CNS, pituitary, and gonads. In the brain, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that ABCG4 mRNA was higher than ABCG1a in all brain regions including the olfactory bulb (ABCG1=13.34, ABCG4=6796.35; P<0.001), dorsal telencephalon (ABCG1=8.64, ABCG4=10149.13; P=0.001), optic tectum (ABCG1=22.12, ABCG4=13931.04; P<0.01), cerebellum (ABCG1=8.68, ABCG4=12382.90; P<0.01), and preoptic area-midbrain-hypothalamus (ABCG1=21.36, ABCG4=13255.41; P=0.001). Similarly, although ABCG1 mRNA level is much higher in the pituitary compared with the brain, it was still significantly lower compared with ABCG4 (ABCG1=337.73, ABCG4=1157.87; P=0.01). The differential pattern of expression of ABCG1 and ABCG4 in the brain versus pituitary suggests that the two transporters are regulated by different mechanisms. Furthermore, ABCG1 and ABCG4 mRNA expressions were found in all three types of laser-captured GnRH neurons with highly similar percentage of expressions, suggesting that cholesterol efflux from GnRH neurons may require heterodimerization of both ABCG1 and ABCG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Phang
- Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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McCabe K, Shobeiri N, Beseau D, Adams M, Holden R, Shobeiri N, Adams M, Holden R, Maio T, McCabe K, Laverty K, Beseau D, Pang J, Jozefacki A, Shobeiri N, Holden R, Adams M, Salem S, Jankowski V, Passlick-Deetjen J, Peter M, Zidek W, Jankowski J, Riser B, Barreto F, Valaitis P, Cook C, White J, Drueke T, Holmes C, Massy Z, Mizobuchi M, Ogata H, Kumata C, Nakazawa A, Koiwa F, Kinugasa E, Akizawa T, Lopez I, Aguilera-Tejero E, Guerrero F, Pineda C, Raya AI, Peralta A, Rodriguez M, Ciceri P, Volpi E, Brenna I, Brancaccio D, Cozzolino M, Bozic M, deRoij J, Parisi E, Ruiz-Ortega M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM, Lee CT, Ng HY, Tsai YC, Yang YK, Niwa T, Adijiang A, Shimizu H, Nishijima F, Okamoto T, Kamata K, Naito S, Aoyama T, Tazaki H, Yamanaka N, Koenigshausen E, Ohlsson S, Woznowski M, Quack I, Potthoff SA, Rump LC, Sellin L, Maquigussa E, Pereira L, Arnoni C, Boim M, Lee KW, Jeong JY, Jang WI, Chung S, Choi DE, Na KR, Shin YT, Slabiak-Blaz N, Adamczak M, Ritz E, Wiecek A, Uz E, Uz B, Sahin Balcik O, Kaya A, Akdeniz D, Bavbek Ruzgaresen N, Uz E, Turgut FH, Bayrak R, Carlioglu A, Akcay A, Galichon P, Vittoz N, Cornaire E, Baugey E, Vandermeersch S, Verpont MC, Mesnard L, Xu-Dubois YC, Hertig A, Rondeau E, Kokeny G, Fekeshazy O, Fang L, Rosivall L, Mozes MM, Duggan K, Hodge G, Ha H, Chen J, Lee L, Tay C, Macdonald G, Wang PHM, Tamouza H, Chemouny J, Monsinjon E, Tiwari M, Vende F, Vrtovsnik F, Camara NO, Benhamou M, Monteiro RC, Moura IC, Rigothier C, Saleem M, Ripoche J, Mathieson P, Combe C, Welsh G, Duwel A, Munoz-Felix JM, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Koutroutsos K, Kassimatis T, Nomikos A, Giannopoulou I, Papadakis J, Nakopoulou L, Nakamichi T, Mori T, Sato T, Sato H, Ito S, Neudecker S, Heilmann M, Kramer P, Wolf I, Sticht C, Schock-Kusch D, Gubhaju L, Kriz W, Bertram JF, Schad LR, Gretz N, Munoz-Felix JM, Fuentes-Calvo I, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Kimura T, Takabatake Y, Takahashi A, Kaimori JY, Matsui I, Namba T, Kitamura H, Niimura F, Matsusaka T, Soga T, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Shin SJ, Kim KS, Kim WK, Rampanelli E, Teske G, Leemans J, Florquin S, Small D, Bennett N, Roy S, Gobe G, Blazquez-Medela AM, Garcia-Sanchez O, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Deibel A, Cheng J, Warner G, Knudsen B, Gray C, Lien K, Juskewitch J, Grande J, Wang N, Wang X, Zeng M, Sun B, Xing C, Zhao X, Xiong M, Yang J, Cao K, Priante G, Musacchio E, Sartori L, Valvason C, Baggio B, Pitlovanciv EDON, Reis LA, Pessoa EA, Teixeira L, Borges FT, Simoes MJ, Schor N, Munoz-Felix JM, Duwel A, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Doustar Y, Mohajeri D, Smirnov AV, Kucher AG, Ivanova GT, Berseneva ON, Parastaeva MM, Zarajsky MI, Saburova IJ, Kaukov IG, Koppe L, Fouque D, Dugenet Y, Soulage C, Wan J, Yang X, Cui J, Zou Z. Experimental pathology. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
ABSTRACTWe have studied heteroepitaxial growth of GaAs on Si using an AlxGa1−xP intermediate layer in an atmospheric-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (NOCVD) reactor. The crystallinity of the GaAs layer depends on AlP composition(x) of the intermediate layer. The bett crystal quality of GaAs layer is obtained when the AlP composition(x) of the intermediate layer is close to 0.5. The X-ray FWHX of 180 arcs and the etch pit density (EPD) of 2.5 × 107cm−2 were obtained in this GaAs/AlGaP/Si structure.
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Nakamura NH, Fukunaga M, Akama KT, Soga T, Ogawa S, Pavlides C. Hippocampal cells encode places by forming small anatomical clusters. Neuroscience 2010; 166:994-1007. [PMID: 20060034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus has been hypothesized to function as a "spatial" or "cognitive" map, however, the functional cellular organization of the spatial map remains a mystery. The majority of electrophysiological studies, thus far, have supported the view of a random-type organization in the hippocampus. However, using immediate early genes (IEGs) as an indicator of neuronal activity, we recently observed a cluster-type organization of hippocampal principal cells, whereby a small number ( approximately 4) of nearby cells were activated in rats exposed to a restricted part of an environment. To determine the fine structure of these clusters and to provide a 3D image of active hippocampal cells that encode for different parts of an environment, we established a functional mapping of IEGs zif268 and Homer1a, using in situ hybridization and 3D-reconstruction imaging methods. We found that, in rats exposed to the same location twice, there were significantly more double IEG-expressing cells, and the clusters of nearby cells were more "tightly" formed, in comparison to rats exposed to two different locations. We propose that spatial encoding recruits specific cell ensembles in the hippocampus and that with repeated exposure to the same place the ensembles become better organized to more accurately represent the "spatial map."
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Nakamura
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Afre RA, Soga T, Jimbo T, Kumar M, Ando Y, Sharon M. Growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on silicon and quartz substrate by spray pyrolysis of a natural precursor: Turpentine oil. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Matsushita T, Amagai Y, Soga T, Terai K, Obinata M, Hashimoto S. A novel oligodendrocyte cell line OLP6 shows the successive stages of oligodendrocyte development: late progenitor, immature and mature stages. Neuroscience 2005; 136:115-21. [PMID: 16181743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The successive stages of development from oligodendrocyte progenitor to mature oligodendrocyte have been investigated in detail by using stage-specific antibodies. However, no cell lines are available that show stepwise differentiation from oligodendrocyte progenitors to mature oligodendrocytes. Here we show the establishment of an immortalized oligodendrocyte cell line, OLP6, from adult transgenic rats harboring the temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 large T-antigen gene. The OLP6 cells had a fibroblastic morphology and continuously proliferated at 33 degrees C. They displayed growth arrest and multipolar morphology when they were cultured at 39 degrees C. They express the oligodendrocytic markers O4, 2'-3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, galactocerebroside and second endothelial differentiation gene receptor-2 at 39 degrees C. The OLP6 cells underwent apoptosis upon serum withdrawal at 39 degrees C. Lysophosphatidic acid inhibited this apoptosis and promoted the expression of myelin basic protein. These results demonstrate that the activation of endothelial differentiation gene receptor-2 exerts anti-apoptosis and myelinogenesis effects on the OLP6 cells. Taken together, the OLP6 cells in the late oligodendrocyte progenitor stage can progress to the immature oligodendrocyte stage by shifting culture temperature. Furthermore, lysophosphatidic acid promoted the maturation of OLP6 cells in the immature oligodendrocyte stage. Such OLP6 cells should provide a potent model system for studying the precise mechanism involved in stepwise differentiation of oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsushita
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585 Japan
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Terai K, Soga T, Takahashi M, Kamohara M, Ohno K, Yatsugi S, Okada M, Yamaguchi T. Edg-8 receptors are preferentially expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells of the rat CNS. Neuroscience 2003; 116:1053-62. [PMID: 12617946 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The messenger RNA for endothelial differentiation gene 8 receptors is known to be expressed almost exclusively in the rat CNS, but the nature of the expressing cells has not been defined. Using an antibody specific for endothelial differentiation gene 8, we investigated the immunohistochemical localization of endothelial differentiation gene 8 receptors in the rat CNS. Immunopositive staining was detected in a subset of glial cells distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord, including both gray and white matter, but not in the dorsal root ganglion. The distribution and morphological similarity in comparative immunostaining for endothelial differentiation gene 8 and various glial markers suggested that endothelial differentiation gene 8 is preferentially expressed in NG2-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in adult rat brains. Counts of endothelial differentiation gene 8-positive cells and NG2-positive cells in the forebrain revealed that a subset of NG2-positive cells was endothelial differentiation gene 8-positive, and that the ratio of endothelial differentiation gene 8-positive cells to NG2-positive cells varied from region to region. In 17-day-old embryonic brains, the endothelial differentiation gene 8 distribution was similar to that of an oligodendrocytic marker, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. These data suggest that endothelial differentiation gene 8 receptors are preferentially expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and immature/maturating oligodendrocytes in rat CNS, and that they might have important functions in oligodendrocytic maturation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Terai
- Neuroscience Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Sirimanne P, Rusop M, Shirata T, Soga T, Jimbo T. Characterization of transparent conducting CuI thin films prepared by pulse laser deposition technique. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Parhar IS, Soga T, Sakuma Y, Millar RP. Spatio-temporal expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor subtypes in gonadotropes, somatotropes and lactotropes in the cichlid fish. J Neuroendocrinol 2002; 14:657-65. [PMID: 12153468 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00817.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The description of two or more forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in most vertebrates suggests multiple roles for this family of peptide hormones. In order to verify these functions, we analysed the anatomical location, time of initial expression and ontogenic changes in three distinct GnRH receptors (GnRH-Rs) in developing and sexually mature tilapia, using antisera raised against the extracellular loop three of the receptor, which is a determinant in ligand-selectivity and receptor coupling to signalling pathways. In all age groups, including males and females, using in situ hybridization and double-label immunological methods, GnRH-R type IA was colocalized in cells containing luteinizing hormone (LH) beta-subunit in the pituitary. GnRH-R type IB was visualized in prolactin cells and LH cells. The type III GnRH-R was expressed in growth hormone cells. On day 8 after fertilization, GnRH-R type III was first seen in growth hormone cells and, subsequently, on day 15, GnRH-Rs type IA and type IB were first seen in LH and prolactin cells, respectively. On day 25, the receptor occupied area per pituitary and the staining intensity of GnRH-R type IA increased significantly, consistent with the hypothesis that differentiation of GnRH neurones and their inputs to the pituitary coincide precisely with gonadal sex differentiation and steroidogenesis in tilapia. The differential distribution of GnRH-Rs in the pituitary provides the first clear evidence that the three native GnRH variants in tilapia have cognate receptors, each capable of regulating different pituitary endocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Parhar
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kamohara M, Takasaki J, Matsumoto M, Saito T, Soga T, Matsushime H, Furuichi K. Functional characterization of cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT(2) receptor on human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 287:1088-92. [PMID: 11587533 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC(4), LTD(4), and LTE(4)) are a class of biologically active lipids that exert potent effects on the heart. To assess their roles, we investigated the distribution of their receptors, CysLT(1) and CysLT(2), in the cardiovascular system. CysLT(2) mRNA was detected at high levels in the human atrium and ventricle and at intermediate levels in the coronary artery, whereas CysLT(1) mRNA was barely detected. Further analysis by in situ hybridization revealed that CysLT(2) mRNA was expressed in myocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular smooth muscle cells, but not in endothelial cells. When human coronary smooth muscle cells were stimulated with LTC(4), the intracellular calcium concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner, and this action was partially inhibited by nicardipine. Additionally, these cells showed chemotactic responses to LTC(4). This is the first report on the physiological role of CysLT(2), and the findings suggest that CysLT(2) has biological significance in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamohara
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan.
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37
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Abstract
A previously developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with indirect UV detection for the simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic anions, amino acids and carbohydrates using 20 mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) as the background electrolyte was extended to allow determination of 206 anions including those above--mentioned and physiological amino acids, nucleotides, aromatic acids, haloacetic acids, alcohols, phosphorylated saccharides, oxyhalides, metal oxoacids, metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes, forensic anions, Good's buffers and herbicides. Every compound could be analyzed and their electrophoretic mobility determined simply by selecting detection wavelength. This method is simple and universal for anion analysis, and could be readily applied to the simultaneous determination of anionic compounds. In this work, it was used to identify and quantify important anions in sea urchin and sake.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan.
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Sharda T, Soga T, Jimbo T, Umeno M. Thermal stability of nanocrystalline diamond films grown by biased enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2001; 1:287-290. [PMID: 12914064 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2001.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The thermal stability of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films grown on mirror-polished silicon substrates by biased enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition was investigated. Different pieces of a NCD sample were annealed for 1 h in an ambient argon atmosphere at 200, 400, 600, and 800 degrees C. The structural and mechanical properties of as-grown and annealed samples were assessed. The surface roughness and high hardness of the samples remained fairly constant with annealing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sharda
- Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466 8555, Japan
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39
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Takasaki J, Kamohara M, Saito T, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto S, Ohishi T, Soga T, Matsushime H, Furuichi K. Molecular cloning of the platelet P2T(AC) ADP receptor: pharmacological comparison with another ADP receptor, the P2Y(1) receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60:432-9. [PMID: 11502873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet activation plays an essential role in thrombosis. ADP-induced platelet aggregation is mediated by two distinct G protein-coupled ADP receptors, Gq-linked P2Y(1), and Gi-linked P2T(AC), which has not been cloned. The cDNA encoding a novel G protein-coupled receptor, termed HORK3, was isolated. The HORK3 gene and P2Y(1) gene were mapped to chromosome 3q21-q25. HORK3, when transfected in the rat glioma cell subline (C6-15), responded to 2-methylthio-ADP (2MeSADP) (EC(50) = 0.08 nM) and ADP (EC(50) = 42 nM) with inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. 2MeSADP (EC(50) = 1.3 nM) and ADP (EC(50) = 18 nM) also induced intracellular calcium mobilization in P2Y(1)-expressing cells. These results show that HORK3 is a Gi/o-coupled receptor and that its natural ligand is ADP. AR-C69931 MX and 2MeSAMP, P2T(AC) antagonists, selectively inhibited 2MeSADP-induced adenylyl cyclase inhibition in HORK3-expressing cells. On the other hand, A3P5PS, a P2Y(1) antagonist, blocked only 2MeSADP-induced calcium mobilization in P2Y(1)-expressing cells. HORK3 mRNA was detected in human platelets and the expression level of HORK3 was equivalent to that of P2Y(1). These observations indicate that HORK3 has the characteristics of the proposed P2T(AC) receptor. We have also determined that [(3)H]2MeSADP binds to cloned HORK3 and P2Y(1). Competition binding experiments revealed a similarity in the rank orders of potency of agonists and the selectivity of antagonists as obtained in the functional assay. These results support the view that P2Y(1) functions as a high-affinity ADP receptor and P2T(AC) as a low-affinity ADP receptor in platelets.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloning, Molecular
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Rats
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/chemistry
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/drug effects
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Thionucleotides/pharmacology
- Tissue Distribution
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- J Takasaki
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.
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40
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Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Matsunaga A, Soga T, Hayakawa K. Direct chiral resolution of malic acid in apple juice by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartaric acid as a chiral selector. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:3286-90. [PMID: 11589292 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200109)22:15<3286::aid-elps3286>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chiral resolution of native DL-malic acid was achieved by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartrate as a chiral selector. Factors affecting chiral resolution, migration time, and peak area of malic acid were studied. The running conditions for optimum separation of malic acid were found to be 1 mM copper(II) sulfate-1 mM L-tartrate (pH 5.1) with an effective voltage of -20 kV at 30 degrees C, using direct detection at 280 nm, and resolution (Rs) of racemic malic acid was approximately 4. With this system, D- and L-malic acids in apple juice were analyzed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, Japan.
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41
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Abstract
The resonance Raman scattering spectra of dicaesium uranyl tetrachloride (Cs2UO2Cl4) in dimethyl sulfoxide ((CH3)2SO) have been measured under laser excitation of the uranyl ion in resonance with the 1sigma(g)+ --> 1phi(g) Laport-forbidden f-f electronic transitions (520-450 nm) by using 10 output lines of the argon-ion laser at room temperature. The excitation profile of the totally symmetric stretching vibrational mode of uranyl observed at 830 cm(-1) is presented and analyzed in terms of the transform methods which are able to formally bypass multimode complexities. The non-Condon model (generalized B, C-terms of scattering) gives a relatively good agreement with the resonance excitation profile of experiment. Reliable value of the nuclear displacement on going the 1sigma(g)+ --> 1phi(g) electronic transition and the amount of charge transferred from the ligand to uranium of uranyl ion both in the ground and excited states are obtained. It is found that the average number of ligands coordinated equatorically to the central uranium atom affects on the amount of charge transferred from the ligand to uranium, especially in the electronic excited state. As increasing the average number of ligands, the amount of charge transferred from the ligand to uranium increases in the ground state, while in the electronic excited state, the charge transferred decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soga
- Department of Materials Science, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken.
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42
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Iimura S, Uoto K, Ohsuki S, Chiba J, Yoshino T, Iwahana M, Jimbo T, Terasawa H, Soga T. Orally active docetaxel analogue: synthesis of 10-deoxy-10-C-morpholinoethyl docetaxel analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:407-10. [PMID: 11212122 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To improve cytotoxicity of 10-deoxy-10-C-morpholinoethyl docetaxel analogues against various tumor cell lines including resistant cells expressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp), we modified the 7-hydroxyl group to hydrophobic groups (methoxy, deoxy, 6,7-olefin, alpha-F, 7-beta-8-beta-methano, fluoromethoxy). Among these analogues, the 7-methoxy analogue showed the strongest cytotoxicity. This analogue showed potent activity against B16 melanoma BL6 in vivo by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iimura
- New Product Research Laboratories IV, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Licht S, Wang B, Mukerji S, Soga T, Umeno M, Tributsch H. ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Solar Water Splitting, Exemplified by RuO2-Catalyzed AlGaAs/Si Photoelectrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.200102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Licht S, Wang B, Mukerji S, Soga T, Umeno M, Tributsch H. Efficient Solar Water Splitting, Exemplified by RuO2-Catalyzed AlGaAs/Si Photoelectrolysis. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002083b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - H. Tributsch
- Hahn-Meitner-Institut, Abt. Solare Energetik, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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45
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46
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Parhar IS, Soga T, Sakuma Y. Thyroid hormone and estrogen regulate brain region-specific messenger ribonucleic acids encoding three gonadotropin-releasing hormone genes in sexually immature male fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Endocrinology 2000; 141:1618-26. [PMID: 10803569 DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.5.7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine whether T3, estrogen, and 11-ketotestosterone could alter a specific population of GnRH-containing neurons, as indicated by a change in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in sexually immature male tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Two weeks after castration, fish were assigned to four treatment groups. One group served as the control (sesame oil); a single ip injection of (T3; 5 microg/g), estradiol benzoate (EB; 5 microg/g), or 11-ketotestosterone (KT; 5 microg/g) was administered to the remaining three groups. Twenty-four hours after the injection, brains were collected and processed for in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S-labeled 30-mer antisense oligonucleotide probes complementary to the GnRH-coding region of chicken II, salmon, and seabream GnRH. Computerized image analysis was performed to quantify mRNA concentrations, neuronal numbers, and neuronal size of the terminal nerve-nucleus olfactoretinalis, preoptic, and midbrain GnRH neurons. KT had no effect on any of the above neuronal parameters examined for salmon or seabream GnRH. Neither T3, EB, nor KT was effective to induce changes in midbrain chicken GnRH II mRNA concentrations, neuronal numbers, and neuronal size, indicating that an as yet unknown regulatory mechanism may operate midbrain GnRH neurons. T3 specifically suppressed the concentration of terminal nerve salmon GnRH mRNA, and EB significantly increased preoptic seabream GnRH neuronal numbers. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that thyroid hormone, by suppressing terminal nerve GnRH expression, promotes inhibition of sexual maturation. Furthermore, the failure of KT, a nonaromatizable androgen, to influence preoptic GnRH neurons emphasizes that an estrogenic pathway, at the onset of sexual maturation, is responsible for the recruitment of additional preoptic GnRH neurons that are fundamental to reproduction and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Parhar
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Abstract
Chiral resolution of native DL-lactic acid was performed by capillary electrophoresis using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Various factors affecting chiral resolution, migration time, and peak area of lactic acid were studied. The running conditions for optimum separation of lactic acid were found to be 90 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 240 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin with an effective voltage of -30 kV at 16 degrees C, using direct detection at 200 nm. In order to enhance the sensitivity, sample injection was done under a pressure of 50 mbar for 200 s. On-line sample concentration was accomplished by sample stacking. With this system, D- and L-lactic acids in food products were analyzed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, Japan.
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48
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Abstract
A method for the determination of underivatized amino acids based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) is described. To analyze free amino acids simultaneously a low acidic pH condition was used to confer positive charge on whole amino acids. The choice of the electrolyte and its concentration influenced resolution and peak shape of the amino acids, and 1 M formic acid was selected as the optimal electrolyte. Meanwhile, the sheath liquid composition had a significant effect on sensitivity and the highest sensitivity was obtained when 5 mM ammonium acetate in 50% (v/v) methanol-water was used. Protonated amino acids were roughly separated by CE and selectively detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a sheath flow electrospray ionization interface. Under the optimized conditions, 19 free amino acids normally found in proteins and several physiological amino acids were well determined in less than 17 min. The detection limits for basic amino acids were between 0.3 and 1.1 mumol/L and for acidic and low molecular weight amino acids were less than 6.0 mumol/L with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 3 s (3 nL) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This method is simple, rapid, and selective compared with conventional techniques and could be readily applied to the analysis of free amino acids in soy sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soga
- Yokogawa Analytical Systems Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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49
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Abstract
A study was carried out of the resonance Raman scattering spectra of uranyl chloride (UO2Cl2) in dimethyl sulfoxide ((CH3)2SO) (DMSO) under laser excitation of the UO2(2+) ion in resonance with the 1sigma(g)+ --> 1phi(g) Laport-forbidden f-f electronic transitions span from 530 to 450 nm by using ten output lines of the argon-ion laser at room temperature. The resonance Raman excitation profile of the totally symmetric stretching vibrational mode of uranyl observed at 832 cm(-1) is presented and analyzed in terms of transform theory within the non-Condon model to give relatively good agreement with experimental results. The disagreement between the experimental data and the calculated resonance Raman excitation profile, at the long-wave part of the the 1sigma(g)+ --> 1phi(g) electronic transitions, may be referred to interference between the weak scattering from the neighboring forbidden electronic states (1delta(g)) and strong preresonance scattering from allowed electronic states at higher levels. An amount of change in the experimental resonance Raman excitation profile of the uranyl-DMSO system depends considerably upon the ligands (L) bound to the uranyl group. Elongation of the U-O equilibrium bond length resulting from the 1sigma(g)+ --> 1phi(g) electronic transitions is related to the magnitude of the change in the excitation profile of UO2L2 (L = NO3, CH3COO, Cl) type uranyl compounds in (DMSO).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soga
- Department of Materials Science, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Ibaraki-ken.
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50
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Abstract
Rat cerebral neurons matured in culture were stimulated with glutamate analogues, and the K+ uptake activities of Na pump isoforms were measured. Ionotropic receptor agonists, kainate, AMPA, and NMDA, increased total K+ uptake activity via activation of the alpha2/alpha3 isoforms and an inhibition of the alpha1 isoform as reported previously for glutamate. The effects of kainate or AMPA were antagonized by CNQX and those of NMDA were by APV or MK-801. In contrast, metabotropic receptor agonist ACPD had no effects on the Na pump isoform activities. Glutamate transporter substrate, PDC, was effective, but NMDA receptor antagonists abolished the effects of PDC. These results suggest that the ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the regulation of Na pump isoform activities in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry I, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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