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Takahashi T, Stoiljkovic M, Song E, Gao XB, Yasumoto Y, Kudo E, Carvalho F, Kong Y, Park A, Shanabrough M, Szigeti-Buck K, Liu ZW, Kristant A, Zhang Y, Sulkowski P, Glazer PM, Kaczmarek LK, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A. Response to: Elevated L1 expression in ataxia telangiectasia likely explained by an RNA-seq batch effect. Neuron 2023; 111:612-613. [PMID: 36863323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Parker Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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2
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Takahashi T, Stoiljkovic M, Song E, Gao XB, Yasumoto Y, Kudo E, Carvalho F, Kong Y, Park A, Shanabrough M, Szigeti-Buck K, Liu ZW, Kristant A, Zhang Y, Sulkowski P, Glazer PM, Kaczmarek LK, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A. LINE-1 activation in the cerebellum drives ataxia. Neuron 2022; 110:3278-3287.e8. [PMID: 36070749 PMCID: PMC9588660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1, L1), a dominant class of transposable elements in the human genome, has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, but whether elevated L1 expression is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration has not been directly tested. Here, we show that the cerebellar expression of L1 is significantly elevated in ataxia telangiectasia patients and strongly anti-correlated with the expression of epigenetic silencers. To examine the role of L1 in the disease etiology, we developed an approach for direct targeting of the L1 promoter for overexpression in mice. We demonstrated that L1 activation in the cerebellum led to Purkinje cell dysfunctions and degeneration and was sufficient to cause ataxia. Treatment with a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor blunted ataxia progression by reducing DNA damage, attenuating gliosis, and reversing deficits of molecular regulators for calcium homeostasis in Purkinje cells. Our study provides the first direct evidence that L1 activation can drive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Takahashi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eriko Kudo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Annsea Park
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ashley Kristant
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Parker Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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3
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Ryu S, Shchukina I, Youm YH, Qing H, Hilliard B, Dlugos T, Zhang X, Yasumoto Y, Booth CJ, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Khanna K, Horvath TL, Dietrich MO, Artyomov M, Wang A, Dixit VD. Ketogenic diet restrains aging-induced exacerbation of coronavirus infection in mice. eLife 2021; 10:e66522. [PMID: 34151773 PMCID: PMC8245129 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Immunometabolic switch from glycolysis to ketolysis protects against inflammatory damage and influenza infection in adults. To investigate how age compromises defense against coronavirus infection, and whether a pro-longevity ketogenic diet (KD) impacts immune surveillance, we developed an aging model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain-A59 (MHV-A59). When inoculated intranasally, mCoV is pneumotropic and recapitulates several clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 infection. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue, and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Activation of ketogenesis in aged mice expands tissue protective γδ T cells, deactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome, and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data establish harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against coronavirus infection in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Hua Qing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Brandon Hilliard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Tamara Dlugos
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Carmen J Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Yale Center for Research on AgingNew HavenUnited States
| | - Marcelo O Dietrich
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Andrew Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Yale Center for Research on AgingNew HavenUnited States
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4
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Flynn RA, Belk JA, Qi Y, Yasumoto Y, Wei J, Alfajaro MM, Shi Q, Mumbach MR, Limaye A, DeWeirdt PC, Schmitz CO, Parker KR, Woo E, Chang HY, Horvath TL, Carette JE, Bertozzi CR, Wilen CB, Satpathy AT. Discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-host protein interactions. Cell 2021; 184:2394-2411.e16. [PMID: 33743211 PMCID: PMC7951565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of a pandemic with growing global mortality. Using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS), we identified 309 host proteins that bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA during active infection. Integration of this data with ChIRP-MS data from three other RNA viruses defined viral specificity of RNA-host protein interactions. Targeted CRISPR screens revealed that the majority of functional RNA-binding proteins protect the host from virus-induced cell death, and comparative CRISPR screens across seven RNA viruses revealed shared and SARS-specific antiviral factors. Finally, by combining the RNA-centric approach and functional CRISPR screens, we demonstrated a physical and functional connection between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondria, highlighting this organelle as a general platform for antiviral activity. Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive catalog of functional SARS-CoV-2 RNA-host protein interactions, which may inform studies to understand the host-virus interface and nominate host pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Flynn
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Quanming Shi
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aditi Limaye
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter C DeWeirdt
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cameron O Schmitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kevin R Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Woo
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Ravindra NG, Alfajaro MM, Gasque V, Huston NC, Wan H, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Greaney AM, Habet V, Chow RD, Chen JS, Wei J, Filler RB, Wang B, Wang G, Niklason LE, Montgomery RR, Eisenbarth SC, Chen S, Williams A, Iwasaki A, Horvath TL, Foxman EF, Pierce RW, Pyle AM, van Dijk D, Wilen CB. Single-cell longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelium identifies target cells, alterations in gene expression, and cell state changes. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001143. [PMID: 33730024 PMCID: PMC8007021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are currently limited Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and vaccines for the treatment or prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Enhanced understanding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and pathogenesis is critical for the development of therapeutics. To provide insight into viral replication, cell tropism, and host-viral interactions of SARS-CoV-2, we performed single-cell (sc) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of experimentally infected human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures over a time course. This revealed novel polyadenylated viral transcripts and highlighted ciliated cells as a major target at the onset of infection, which we confirmed by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. Over the course of infection, the cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2 expands to other epithelial cell types including basal and club cells. Infection induces cell-intrinsic expression of type I and type III interferons (IFNs) and interleukin (IL)-6 but not IL-1. This results in expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in both infected and bystander cells. This provides a detailed characterization of genes, cell types, and cell state changes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal G. Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Victor Gasque
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculte de Medecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
- Department de Bioinformatique, Univ Evry, Universite Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nicholas C. Huston
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Han Wan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United of States of America
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United of States of America
| | - Allison M. Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Victoria Habet
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ryan D. Chow
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jennifer S. Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Renata B. Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stephanie C. Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Adam Williams
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United of States of America
| | - Ellen F. Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Anna Marie Pyle
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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6
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Yasumoto Y, Horvath TL. Crosstalk between maternal perinatal obesity and offspring dopaminergic circuitry. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3416-3418. [PMID: 32510474 DOI: 10.1172/jci138123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which maternal obesity influences fetal brain development and behavior is not well understood. In this issue of the JCI, Lippert et al. showed that feeding maternal mice a high-fat diet (HFD) during lactation attenuated the activity of dopamine (DA) midbrain neurons and altered the DA-related behavioral phenotype seen in the offspring. The authors further suggested that the altered excitatory and inhibitory balance between D1 medium spiny neurons (MSN) and D2 MSN mediates this behavioral phenotype. These mechanisms may provide strategies for preventing the negative effects of maternal obesity on offspring development and adult health.
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7
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Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, Lu P, Weizman OE, Liu F, Dai Y, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Wang G, Castaldi C, Heltke J, Ng E, Wheeler J, Alfajaro MM, Levavasseur E, Fontes B, Ravindra NG, Van Dijk D, Mane S, Gunel M, Ring A, Kazmi SAJ, Zhang K, Wilen CB, Horvath TL, Plu I, Haik S, Thomas JL, Louvi A, Farhadian SF, Huttner A, Seilhean D, Renier N, Bilguvar K, Iwasaki A. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211674. [PMID: 33433624 PMCID: PMC7808299 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is considered to be primarily a respiratory disease, SARS-CoV-2 affects multiple organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, there is no consensus on the consequences of CNS infections. Here, we used three independent approaches to probe the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect the brain. First, using human brain organoids, we observed clear evidence of infection with accompanying metabolic changes in infected and neighboring neurons. However, no evidence for type I interferon responses was detected. We demonstrate that neuronal infection can be prevented by blocking ACE2 with antibodies or by administering cerebrospinal fluid from a COVID-19 patient. Second, using mice overexpressing human ACE2, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion in vivo. Finally, in autopsies from patients who died of COVID-19, we detect SARS-CoV-2 in cortical neurons and note pathological features associated with infection with minimal immune cell infiltrates. These results provide evidence for the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV-2 and an unexpected consequence of direct infection of neurons by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Alba Vieites Prado
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Skriabine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Peiwen Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Evelyn Ng
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | | | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Etienne Levavasseur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Fontes
- Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Neal G Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - David Van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Aaron Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Haik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Cellule nationale de référence des maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Shelli F Farhadian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, French National Centre for Scientific Research, Joint Research Unit 7225, Paris Brain Institute, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD
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8
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Flynn RA, Belk JA, Qi Y, Yasumoto Y, Schmitz CO, Mumbach MR, Limaye A, Wei J, Alfajaro MM, Parker KR, Chang HY, Horvath TL, Carette JE, Bertozzi C, Wilen CB, Satpathy AT. Systematic discovery and functional interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA-host protein interactions during infection. bioRxiv 2020:2020.10.06.327445. [PMID: 33052334 PMCID: PMC7553159 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.06.327445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a pandemic with growing global mortality. There is an urgent need to understand the molecular pathways required for host infection and anti-viral immunity. Using comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS), we identified 309 host proteins that bind the SARS-CoV-2 RNA during active infection. Integration of this data with viral ChIRP-MS data from three other positive-sense RNA viruses defined pan-viral and SARS-CoV-2-specific host interactions. Functional interrogation of these factors with a genome-wide CRISPR screen revealed that the vast majority of viral RNA-binding proteins protect the host from virus-induced cell death, and we identified known and novel anti-viral proteins that regulate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Finally, our RNA-centric approach demonstrated a physical connection between SARS-CoV-2 RNA and host mitochondria, which we validated with functional and electron microscopy data, providing new insights into a more general virus-specific protein logic for mitochondrial interactions. Altogether, these data provide a comprehensive catalogue of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-host protein interactions, which may inform future studies to understand the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis, as well as nominate host pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit. HIGHLIGHTS · ChIRP-MS of SARS-CoV-2 RNA identifies a comprehensive viral RNA-host protein interaction network during infection across two species· Comparison to RNA-protein interaction networks with Zika virus, dengue virus, and rhinovirus identify SARS-CoV-2-specific and pan-viral RNA protein complexes and highlights distinct intracellular trafficking pathways· Intersection of ChIRP-MS and genome-wide CRISPR screens identify novel SARS-CoV-2-binding proteins with pro- and anti-viral function· Viral RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions reveal specific SARS-CoV-2-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Flynn
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Julia A. Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Cameron O. Schmitz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Maxwell R. Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Aditi Limaye
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kevin R. Parker
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Howard Y. Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jan E. Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Carolyn Bertozzi
- Stanford ChEM-H and Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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9
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Ryu S, Shchukina I, Youm YH, Qing H, Hilliard BK, Dlugos T, Zhang X, Yasumoto Y, Booth CJ, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Khanna KM, Horvath TL, Dietrich MO, Artyomov MN, Wang A, Dixit VD. Ketogenesis restrains aging-induced exacerbation of COVID in a mouse model. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33236006 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.11.294363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing age is the strongest predictor of risk of COVID-19 severity. Unregulated cytokine storm together with impaired immunometabolic response leads to highest mortality in elderly infected with SARS-CoV-2. To investigate how aging compromises defense against COVID-19, we developed a model of natural murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain MHV-A59 (mCoV-A59) that recapitulated majority of clinical hallmarks of COVID-19. Aged mCoV-A59-infected mice have increased mortality and higher systemic inflammation in the heart, adipose tissue and hypothalamus, including neutrophilia and loss of γδ T cells in lungs. Ketogenic diet increases beta-hydroxybutyrate, expands tissue protective γδ T cells, deactivates the inflammasome and decreases pathogenic monocytes in lungs of infected aged mice. These data underscore the value of mCoV-A59 model to test mechanism and establishes harnessing of the ketogenic immunometabolic checkpoint as a potential treatment against COVID-19 in the elderly. Highlights - Natural MHV-A59 mouse coronavirus infection mimics COVID-19 in elderly.- Aged infected mice have systemic inflammation and inflammasome activation.- Murine beta coronavirus (mCoV) infection results in loss of pulmonary γδ T cells.- Ketones protect aged mice from infection by reducing inflammation. eTOC Blurb Elderly have the greatest risk of death from COVID-19. Here, Ryu et al report an aging mouse model of coronavirus infection that recapitulates clinical hallmarks of COVID-19 seen in elderly. The increased severity of infection in aged animals involved increased inflammasome activation and loss of γδ T cells that was corrected by ketogenic diet.
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10
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Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A, Prado AV, Skriabine S, Lu P, Weizman OE, Liu F, Dai Y, Szigeti-Buck K, Yasumoto Y, Wang G, Castaldi C, Heltke J, Ng E, Wheeler J, Alfajaro MM, Levavasseur E, Fontes B, Ravindra NG, Van Dijk D, Mane S, Gunel M, Ring A, Kazmi SAJ, Zhang K, Wilen CB, Horvath TL, Plu I, Haik S, Thomas JL, Louvi A, Farhadian SF, Huttner A, Seilhean D, Renier N, Bilguvar K, Iwasaki A. Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.25.169946. [PMID: 32935108 PMCID: PMC7491522 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.25.169946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is considered to be primarily a respiratory disease, SARS-CoV-2 affects multiple organ systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Yet, there is no consensus whether the virus can infect the brain, or what the consequences of CNS infection are. Here, we used three independent approaches to probe the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect the brain. First, using human brain organoids, we observed clear evidence of infection with accompanying metabolic changes in the infected and neighboring neurons. However, no evidence for the type I interferon responses was detected. We demonstrate that neuronal infection can be prevented either by blocking ACE2 with antibodies or by administering cerebrospinal fluid from a COVID-19 patient. Second, using mice overexpressing human ACE2, we demonstrate in vivo that SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion, but not respiratory infection, is associated with mortality. Finally, in brain autopsy from patients who died of COVID-19, we detect SARS-CoV-2 in the cortical neurons, and note pathologic features associated with infection with minimal immune cell infiltrates. These results provide evidence for the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV2, and an unexpected consequence of direct infection of neurons by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ce Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alice Lu-Culligan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alba Vieites Prado
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Skriabine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Peiwen Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Feimei Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yile Dai
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Jaime Heltke
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Evelyn Ng
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - John Wheeler
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Etienne Levavasseur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Fontes
- Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Neal G. Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Aaron Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Syed A. Jaffar Kazmi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tamas L. Horvath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Haik
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Yale Environmental Health and Safety, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Cellule nationale de référence des maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shelli F. Farhadian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Renier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Paris, France
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Lead Contact
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11
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Hosier H, Farhadian SF, Morotti RA, Deshmukh U, Lu-Culligan A, Campbell KH, Yasumoto Y, Vogels CB, Casanovas-Massana A, Vijayakumar P, Geng B, Odio CD, Fournier J, Brito AF, Fauver JR, Liu F, Alpert T, Tal R, Szigeti-Buck K, Perincheri S, Larsen C, Gariepy AM, Aguilar G, Fardelmann KL, Harigopal M, Taylor HS, Pettker CM, Wyllie AL, Cruz CD, Ring AM, Grubaugh ND, Ko AI, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A, Reddy UM, Lipkind HS. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4947-4953. [PMID: 32573498 PMCID: PMC7456249 DOI: 10.1172/jci139569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy remain relatively unknown. We present a case of second trimester pregnancy with symptomatic COVID-19 complicated by severe preeclampsia and placental abruption.METHODSWe analyzed the placenta for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through molecular and immunohistochemical assays and by and electron microscopy and measured the maternal antibody response in the blood to this infection.RESULTSSARS-CoV-2 localized predominantly to syncytiotrophoblast cells at the materno-fetal interface of the placenta. Histological examination of the placenta revealed a dense macrophage infiltrate, but no evidence for the vasculopathy typically associated with preeclampsia.CONCLUSIONThis case demonstrates SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the placenta, highlighting the potential for severe morbidity among pregnant women with COVID-19.FUNDINGBeatrice Kleinberg Neuwirth Fund and Fast Grant Emergent Ventures funding from the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. The funding bodies did not have roles in the design of the study or data collection, analysis, and interpretation and played no role in writing the manuscript.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Therapeutic
- Abruptio Placentae/etiology
- Abruptio Placentae/pathology
- Abruptio Placentae/virology
- Adult
- Betacoronavirus/genetics
- Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Female
- Humans
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Pandemics
- Phylogeny
- Placenta/pathology
- Placenta/virology
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pre-Eclampsia/etiology
- Pre-Eclampsia/pathology
- Pre-Eclampsia/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/pathology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Pregnancy Trimester, Second
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- SARS-CoV-2
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Hosier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | | | - Uma Deshmukh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | | | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Chantal B.F. Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | | | | | - Bertie Geng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - John Fournier
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - Anderson F. Brito
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | - Joseph R. Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | | | - Tara Alpert
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Reshef Tal
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - Anne L. Wyllie
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | - Charles Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, and
| | | | | | - Uma M. Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
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12
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Kamizato K, Sato S, Shil SK, Umaru BA, Kagawa Y, Yamamoto Y, Ogata M, Yasumoto Y, Okuyama Y, Ishii N, Owada Y, Miyazaki H. The role of fatty acid binding protein 7 in spinal cord astrocytes in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuroscience 2019; 409:120-129. [PMID: 31051217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is expressed in astrocytes of the developing and mature central nervous system, and modulates astrocyte function by controlling intracellular fatty acid homeostasis. Astrocytes in the spinal cord have an important role in the process of myelin degeneration and regeneration. In the present study, the authors examined the role of FABP7 in astrocytes in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an established model of multiple sclerosis (MS). FABP7 was expressed in the white matter astrocytes and increased after EAE onset; particularly strong expression was observed in demyelinating regions. In FABP7-knockout (KO) mice, the onset of EAE symptoms occurred earlier than in wild type (WT) mice, and mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-17 and TNF-α) were higher in FABP7-KO lumbar spinal cord than in WT lumbar spinal cord at early stage of EAE. Interestingly, however, the clinical score was significantly reduced in FABP7-KO mice compared with WT mice in the late phase of EAE. Moreover, the area exhibiting expression of fibronectin, which is an extracellular matrix protein mainly produced by astrocytes and inhibits remyelination of oligodendrocytes, was significantly decreased in FABP7-KO compared with WT mice. Collectively, FABP7 in astrocyte may have a role to protect from the induction of inflammation leading to demyelination in CNS at early phase of EAE. Moreover, FABP7 may be involved in the regulation of fibronectin production through the modification of astrocyte activation at late phase of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenyu Kamizato
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Banlanjo A Umaru
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tohoku medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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13
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Islam A, Kagawa Y, Miyazaki H, Shil SK, Umaru BA, Yasumoto Y, Yamamoto Y, Owada Y. FABP7 Protects Astrocytes Against ROS Toxicity via Lipid Droplet Formation. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5763-5779. [PMID: 30680690 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind and internalize long-chain fatty acids, controlling lipid dynamics. Recent studies have proposed the involvement of FABPs, particularly FABP7, in lipid droplet (LD) formation in glioma, but the physiological significance of LDs is poorly understood. In this study, we sought to examine the role of FABP7 in primary mouse astrocytes, focusing on its protective effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. In FABP7 knockout (KO) astrocytes, ROS induction significantly decreased LD accumulation, elevated ROS toxicity, and impaired thioredoxin (TRX) but not peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1) signalling compared to ROS induction in wild-type astrocytes. Consequently, activation of apoptosis signalling molecules, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK), and increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 were observed in FABP7 KO astrocytes under ROS stress. N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) application successfully rescued the ROS toxicity in FABP7 KO astrocytes. Furthermore, FABP7 overexpression in U87 human glioma cell line revealed higher LD accumulation and higher antioxidant defence enzyme (TRX, TRX reductase 1 [TRXRD1]) expression than mock transfection and protected against apoptosis signalling (p38 MAPK, SAPK/JNK and cleaved caspase 3) activation. Taken together, these data suggest that FABP7 protects astrocytes from ROS toxicity through LD formation, providing new insights linking FABP7, lipid homeostasis, and neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariful Islam
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Subrata Kumar Shil
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Banlanjo A Umaru
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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Yasumoto Y, Miyazaki H, Ogata M, Kagawa Y, Yamamoto Y, Islam A, Yamada T, Katagiri H, Owada Y. Glial Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7 (FABP7) Regulates Neuronal Leptin Sensitivity in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9016-9028. [PMID: 29623545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. The arcuate nucleus (ARC) and median eminence (ME) are the primary hypothalamic sites that sense leptin and nutrients in the blood, thereby mediating food intake. Recently, studies demonstrating a role for non-neuronal cell types, including astrocytes and tanycytes, in these regulatory processes have begun to emerge. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these activities remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined in detail the localization of fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7) in the hypothalamic ARC and sought to determine its role in the hypothalamus. We performed a phenotypic analysis of diet-induced FABP7 knockout (KO) obese mice and of FABP7 KO mice treated with a single leptin injection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FABP7+ cells are NG2+ or GFAP+ in the ARC and ME. In mice fed a high-fat diet, weight gain and food intake were lower in FABP7 KO mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. FABP7 KO mice also had lower food intake and weight gain after a single injection of leptin, and we consistently confirmed that the number of pSTAT3+ cells in the ARC indicated that the leptin-induced activation of neurons was significantly more frequent in FABP7 KO mice than in WT mice. In FABP7 KO mice-derived primary astrocyte cultures, the level of ERK phosphorylation was lower after leptin treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that in hypothalamic astrocytes, FABP7 might be involved in sensing neuronal leptin via glia-mediated mechanisms and plays a pivotal role in controlling systemic energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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Oishi K, Ohkura N, Yasumoto Y, Yamamoto S. Circadian fluctuations in circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 are independent of feeding cycles in mice. Chronobiol Int 2016; 34:254-259. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1256299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Ohkura
- Molecular Physiology and Pathology, School of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Oishi K, Higo-Yamamoto S, Yasumoto Y. Moderately high doses of the artificial sweetener saccharin potentially induce sleep disorders in mice. Nutrition 2016; 32:1159-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yasumoto Y, Hashimoto C, Nakao R, Yamazaki H, Hiroyama H, Nemoto T, Yamamoto S, Sakurai M, Oike H, Wada N, Yoshida-Noro C, Oishi K. Short-term feeding at the wrong time is sufficient to desynchronize peripheral clocks and induce obesity with hyperphagia, physical inactivity and metabolic disorders in mice. Metabolism 2016; 65:714-727. [PMID: 27085778 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian clock regulates various physiological and behavioral rhythms such as feeding and locomotor activity. Feeding at unusual times of the day (inactive phase) is thought to be associated with obesity and metabolic disorders in experimental animals and in humans. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine the underlying mechanisms through which time-of-day-dependent feeding influences metabolic homeostasis. METHODS We compared food consumption, wheel-running activity, core body temperature, hormonal and metabolic variables in blood, lipid accumulation in the liver, circadian expression of clock and metabolic genes in peripheral tissues, and body weight gain between mice fed only during the sleep phase (DF, daytime feeding) and those fed only during the active phase (NF, nighttime feeding). All mice were fed with the same high-fat high-sucrose diet throughout the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the metabolic effects of time-imposed restricted feeding (RF) in mice with free access to a running wheel. RESULTS After one week of RF, DF mice gained more weight and developed hyperphagia, higher feed efficiency and more adiposity than NF mice. The daily amount of running on the wheel was rapidly and obviously reduced by DF, which might have been the result of time-of-day-dependent hypothermia. The amount of daily food consumption and hypothalamic mRNA expression of orexigenic neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein were significantly higher in DF, than in NF mice, although levels of plasma leptin that fluctuate in an RF-dependent circadian manner, were significantly higher in DF mice. These findings suggested that the DF induced leptin resistance. The circadian phases of plasma insulin and ghrelin were synchronized to RF, although the corticosterone phase was unaffected. Peak levels of plasma insulin were remarkably higher in DF mice, although HOMA-IR was identical between the two groups. Significantly more free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol accumulated in the livers of DF, than NF mice, which resulted from the increased expression of lipogenic genes such as Scd1, Acaca, and Fasn. Temporal expression of circadian clock genes became synchronized to RF in the liver but not in skeletal muscle, suggesting that uncoupling metabolic rhythms between the liver and skeletal muscle also contribute to DF-induced adiposity. CONCLUSION Feeding at an unusual time of day (inactive phase) desynchronizes peripheral clocks and causes obesity and metabolic disorders by inducing leptin resistance, hyperphagia, physical inactivity, hepatic fat accumulation and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hashimoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamazaki
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hanako Hiroyama
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nemoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Sakurai
- Food Function Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oike
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Food Function Division, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chikako Yoshida-Noro
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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Yasumoto Y, Miyazaki H, Vaidyan LK, Kagawa Y, Ebrahimi M, Yamamoto Y, Ogata M, Katsuyama Y, Sadahiro H, Suzuki M, Owada Y. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase Decreases Expression of Stemness Markers in Glioma Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147717. [PMID: 26808816 PMCID: PMC4726602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes, especially to lipid metabolism, have recently been recognized as a hallmark of various cancer cells. However, little is known about the significance of cellular lipid metabolism in the regulation of biological activity of glioma stem cells (GSCs). In this study, we examined the expression and role of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key lipogenic enzyme, in GSCs. In the de novo lipid synthesis assay, GSCs exhibited higher lipogenesis than differentiated non-GSCs. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that FASN is strongly expressed in multiple lines of patient-derived GSCs (G144 and Y10), but its expression was markedly reduced upon differentiation. When GSCs were treated with 20 μM cerulenin, a pharmacological inhibitor of FASN, their proliferation and migration were significantly suppressed and de novo lipogenesis decreased. Furthermore, following cerulenin treatment, expression of the GSC markers nestin, Sox2 and fatty acid binding protein (FABP7), markers of GCSs, decreased while that of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression increased. Taken together, our results indicate that FASN plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of GSC stemness, and FASN-mediated de novo lipid biosynthesis is closely associated with tumor growth and invasion in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linda Koshy Vaidyan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sadahiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ebrahimi M, Yamamoto Y, Sharifi K, Kida H, Kagawa Y, Yasumoto Y, Islam A, Miyazaki H, Shimamoto C, Maekawa M, Mitsushima D, Yoshikawa T, Owada Y. Astrocyte-expressed FABP7 regulates dendritic morphology and excitatory synaptic function of cortical neurons. Glia 2015; 64:48-62. [PMID: 26296243 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) expressed by astrocytes in developing and mature brains is involved in uptake and transportation of fatty acids, signal transduction, and gene transcription. Fabp7 knockout (Fabp7 KO) mice show behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of human neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. However, direct evidence showing how FABP7 deficiency in astrocytes leads to altered brain function is lacking. Here, we examined neuronal dendritic morphology and synaptic plasticity in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of Fabp7 KO mice and in primary cortical neuronal cultures. Golgi staining of cortical pyramidal neurons in Fabp7 KO mice revealed aberrant dendritic morphology and decreased spine density compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Aberrant dendritic morphology was also observed in primary cortical neurons co-cultured with FABP7-deficient astrocytes and neurons cultured in Fabp7 KO astrocyte-conditioned medium. Excitatory synapse number was decreased in mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice and in neurons co-cultured with Fabp7 KO astrocytes. Accordingly, whole-cell voltage-clamp recording in brain slices from pyramidal cells in the mPFC showed that both amplitude and frequency of action potential-independent miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) were decreased in Fabp7 KO mice. Moreover, transplantation of WT astrocytes into the mPFC of Fabp7 KO mice partially attenuated behavioral impairments. Collectively, these results suggest that astrocytic FABP7 is important for dendritic arbor growth, neuronal excitatory synapse formation, and synaptic transmission, and provide new insights linking FABP7, lipid homeostasis, and neuropsychiatric disorders, leading to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ebrahimi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kida
- Department of System Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Dai Mitsushima
- Department of System Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Tsutsumi S, Hori M, Ono H, Tabuchi T, Aoki S, Yasumoto Y. The Infundibular Recess Passes through the Entire Pituitary Stalk. Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 26:465-469. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-015-0391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yasumoto Y, Nakao R, Oishi K. Correction: Free access to a running-wheel advances the phase of behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms and peripheral molecular clocks in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125646. [PMID: 25884836 PMCID: PMC4401768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nakao R, Yamamoto S, Horikawa K, Yasumoto Y, Nikawa T, Mukai C, Oishi K. Atypical expression of circadian clock genes in denervated mouse skeletal muscle. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:486-96. [PMID: 25798696 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.1003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus synchronizes peripheral clocks through neural and humoral signals in most mammalian tissues. Here, we analyzed the effects of unilateral sciatic denervation on the expression of circadian clock- and clock-controlled genes in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice twice per day on days 0, 3, 7, 9, 11 and 14 after denervation and six times on each of days 7 and 28 after denervation to assess the regulation mechanism of the circadian clock in skeletal muscle. Sciatic denervation did not affect systemic circadian rhythms since core body temperature (Day 7), corticosterone secretion (Days 7 and 28), and hepatic clock gene expression remained intact (Days 7 and 28). Expression levels of most circadian clock-related genes such as Arntl, Per1, Rora, Nr1d1 and Dbp were reduced in accordance with the extent of muscle atrophy, although circadian Per2 expression was significantly augmented (Day 28). Cosinor analysis revealed that the circadian expression of Arntl (Days 7 and 28) and Dbp (Day 28) was phase advanced in denervated muscle. The mRNA expression of Clock was significantly increased in denervated muscle on Day 3 when the severe atrophy was absent, and it was not affected by atrophic progression for 28 days. Sciatic denervation did not affect the expression of these genes in the contralateral muscle (Days 7 and 28), suggesting that humoral changes were not involved in denervation-induced muscle clock disruption. We then analyzed genome-wide gene expression using microarrays to determine the effects of disrupting the molecular clock in muscle on circadian rhythms at Day 7. Among 478 circadian genes, 313 lost rhythmicity in the denervated muscles. These denervation-sensitive genes included the lipid metabolism-related genes, Nrip1, Bbs1, Ptgis, Acot1, Scd2, Hpgd, Insig1, Dhcr24, Ldlr and Mboat1. Our findings revealed that sciatic denervation disrupts the circadian expression of clock and clock-controlled genes either directly or indirectly via muscle atrophy in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice in a gene-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
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Oishi K, Yamamoto S, Itoh N, Nakao R, Yasumoto Y, Tanaka K, Kikuchi Y, Fukudome SI, Okita K, Takano-Ishikawa Y. Wheat alkylresorcinols suppress high-fat, high-sucrose diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance by increasing insulin sensitivity and cholesterol excretion in male mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:199-206. [PMID: 25644338 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.202754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have shown that the consumption of whole grains can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms remain a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effects of wheat bran-derived alkylresorcinols on diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice. METHODS We fed C57BL/6J mice a normal refined diet or a high-fat, high-sucrose diet [29.1% fat, 20.7% protein, 34.0% carbohydrates containing 20.0% sucrose (w/w)] alone (FS) or containing 0.4% (wt:wt) alkylresorcinols (FS-AR) for 10 wk. RESULTS The alkylresorcinols suppressed FS-induced increases in body weight by 31.0% as well as FS-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation (means ± SEMs: 29.6 ± 3.18 and 19.8 ± 2.42 mg/g tissue in the FS and FS-AR groups, respectively), without affecting energy intake. We measured circadian changes in blood metabolic hormones and found that FS-induced hyperinsulinemia (5.1 and 2.1 μg/L at night in the FS and FS-AR groups, respectively) and hyperleptinemia (21.6 and 10.8 μg/L at night in the FS and FS-AR groups, respectively) were suppressed by alkylresorcinols. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed that alkylresorcinols significantly reduced fasting blood glucose concentrations (190 ± 3.62 and 160 ± 8.98 mg/dL in the FS and FS-AR groups, respectively) and suppressed glucose intolerance as well as insulin resistance induced by the FS diet. Furthermore, alkylresorcinols significantly increased insulin-stimulated hepatic serine/threonine protein kinase B phosphorylation compared to the FS diet (+81.3% and +57.4% for Ser473 and Thr308, respectively). On the other hand, pyruvate and starch tolerance tests suggested that alkylresorcinols did not affect gluconeogenesis and carbohydrate digestion, respectively. Alkylresorcinols significantly increased fecal cholesterol excretion by 39.6% and reduced blood cholesterol concentrations by 30.4%, while upregulating the expression of hepatic cholesterol synthetic genes such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (Srebf2) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 1 (Hmgcs1). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that wheat alkylresorcinols increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by suppressing hepatic lipid accumulation and intestinal cholesterol absorption, which subsequently suppresses diet-induced obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan;
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nanako Itoh
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Research Center for Basic Science, Research and Development, Quality Assurance Division, Nisshin Seifun Group, Inc., Fujimino, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kikuchi
- Research Center for Basic Science, Research and Development, Quality Assurance Division, Nisshin Seifun Group, Inc., Fujimino, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Fukudome
- Research Center for Basic Science, Research and Development, Quality Assurance Division, Nisshin Seifun Group, Inc., Fujimino, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kimiko Okita
- Yeast Function Development Unit, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yuko Takano-Ishikawa
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yasumoto Y, Nakao R, Oishi K. Free access to a running-wheel advances the phase of behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms and peripheral molecular clocks in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116476. [PMID: 25615603 PMCID: PMC4304828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and physiological circadian rhythms are controlled by endogenous oscillators in animals. Voluntary wheel-running in rodents is thought to be an appropriate model of aerobic exercise in humans. We evaluated the effects of chronic voluntary exercise on the circadian system by analyzing temporal profiles of feeding, core body temperature, plasma hormone concentrations and peripheral expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in mice housed under sedentary (SED) conditions or given free access to a running-wheel (RW) for four weeks. Voluntary wheel-running activity advanced the circadian phases of increases in body temperature, food intake and corticosterone secretion in the mice. The circadian expression of clock and clock-controlled genes was tissue- and gene-specifically affected in the RW mice. The temporal expression of E-box-dependent circadian clock genes such as Per1, Per2, Nr1d1 and Dbp were slightly, but significantly phase-advanced in the liver and white adipose tissue, but not in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Peak levels of Per1, Per2 and Nr1d1 expression were significantly increased in the skeletal muscle of RW mice. The circadian phase and levels of hepatic mRNA expression of the clock-controlled genes that are involved in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism significantly differed between SED and RW mice. These findings indicated that endogenous clock-governed voluntary wheel-running activity provides feedback to the central circadian clock that systemically governs behavioral and physiological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kagawa Y, Yasumoto Y, Sharifi K, Ebrahimi M, Islam A, Miyazaki H, Yamamoto Y, Sawada T, Kishi H, Kobayashi S, Maekawa M, Yoshikawa T, Takaki E, Nakai A, Kogo H, Fujimoto T, Owada Y. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 regulates function of caveolae in astrocytes through expression of caveolin-1. Glia 2015; 63:780-94. [PMID: 25601031 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind and solubilize long-chain fatty acids, controlling intracellular lipid dynamics. FABP7 is expressed by astrocytes in the developing brain, and suggested to be involved in the control of astrocyte lipid homeostasis. In this study, we sought to examine the role of FABP7 in astrocytes, focusing on plasma membrane lipid raft function, which is important for receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to extracellular stimuli. In FABP7-knockout (KO) astrocytes, the ligand-dependent accumulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 into lipid raft was decreased, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB was impaired after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation when compared with wild-type astrocytes. In addition, the expression of caveolin-1, not cavin-1, 2, 3, caveolin-2, and flotillin-1, was found to be decreased at the protein and transcriptional levels. FABP7 re-expression in FABP7-KO astrocytes rescued the decreased level of caveolin-1. Furthermore, caveolin-1-transfection into FABP7-KO astrocytes significantly increased TLR4 recruitment into lipid raft and tumor necrosis factor-α production after LPS stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that FABP7 controls lipid raft function through the regulation of caveolin-1 expression and is involved in the response of astrocytes to the external stimuli. GLIA 2015;63:780-794.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Kondoh D, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J, Yasumoto Y, Nakao R, Oishi K. Molecular clock regulates daily α1-2-fucosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) within mouse secondary olfactory neurons. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:36158-65. [PMID: 25384980 PMCID: PMC4276879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.571141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates various behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. Circadian changes in olfactory functions such as neuronal firing in the olfactory bulb (OB) and olfactory sensitivity have recently been identified, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We analyzed the temporal profiles of glycan structures in the mouse OB using a high-density microarray that includes 96 lectins, because glycoconjugates play important roles in the nervous system such as neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. Sixteen lectin signals significantly fluctuated in the OB, and the intensity of all three that had high affinity for α1-2-fucose (α1-2Fuc) glycan in the microarray was higher during the nighttime. Histochemical analysis revealed that α1-2Fuc glycan is located in a diurnal manner in the lateral olfactory tract that comprises axon bundles of secondary olfactory neurons. The amount of α1-2Fuc glycan associated with the major target glycoprotein neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) varied in a diurnal fashion, although the mRNA and protein expression of Ncam1 did not. The mRNA and protein expression of Fut1, a α1-2-specific fucosyltransferase gene, was diurnal in the OB. Daily fluctuation of the α1-2Fuc glycan was obviously damped in homozygous Clock mutant mice with disrupted diurnal Fut1 expression, suggesting that the molecular clock governs rhythmic α1-2-fucosylation in secondary olfactory neurons. These findings suggest the possibility that the molecular clock is involved in the diurnal regulation of olfaction via α1-2-fucosylation in the olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondoh
- From the Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, the Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- the Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- the Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- From the Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, the Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, and
| | - Reiko Nakao
- From the Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- From the Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, the Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, and the Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
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Nakao R, Yamamoto S, Yasumoto Y, Kadota K, Oishi K. Impact of denervation-induced muscle atrophy on housekeeping gene expression in mice. Muscle Nerve 2014; 51:276-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.24310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba Japan
| | - Koji Kadota
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences; University of Tokyo; Kashiwa Chiba Japan
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Islam A, Kagawa Y, Sharifi K, Ebrahimi M, Miyazaki H, Yasumoto Y, Kawamura S, Yamamoto Y, Sakaguti S, Sawada T, Tokuda N, Sugino N, Suzuki R, Owada Y. Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 Is Involved in n-3 and n-6 PUFA transport in mouse trophoblasts. J Nutr 2014; 144:1509-16. [PMID: 25122651 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.197202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low placental fatty acid (FA) transport during the embryonic period has been suggested to result in fetal developmental disorders and various adult metabolic diseases, but the molecular mechanism by which FAs are transported through the placental unit remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and functional relevance of FA binding protein (FABP), a cellular chaperone of FAs, in the mouse placenta. METHODS We clarified the localization of FABPs and sought to examine their function in placental FA transport through the phenotypic analysis of Fabp3-knockout mice. RESULTS Four FABPs (FABP3, FABP4, FABP5, and FABP7) were expressed with spatial heterogeneity in the placenta, and FABP3 was dominantly localized to the trophoblast cells. In placentas from the Fabp3-knockout mice (both sexes), the transport coefficients for linoleic acid (LA) were significantly reduced compared with those from wild-type mice by 25% and 44% at embryonic day (E) 15.5 and E18.5, respectively, whereas those for α-linolenic acid (ALA) were reduced by 19% and 17%, respectively. The accumulation of LA (18% and 27% at E15.5 and E18.5) and ALA (16% at E15.5) was also significantly less in the Fabp3-knockout fetuses than in wild-type fetuses. In contrast, transport and accumulation of palmitic acid (PA) were unaffected and glucose uptake significantly increased by 23% in the gene-ablated mice compared with wild-type mice at E18.5. Incorporation of LA (51% and 52% at 1 and 60 min, respectively) and ALA (23% at 60 min), but not PA, was significantly less in FABP3-knockdown BeWo cells than in controls, whereas glucose uptake was significantly upregulated by 51%, 50%, 31%, and 33% at 1, 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Collectively FABP3 regulates n-3 (ω-3) and n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated FA transport in trophoblasts and plays a pivotal role in fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Syuiti Sakaguti
- Institute of Radioisotope Research and Education, Science Research Center, Organization for Research Initiative, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan; and
| | | | | | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Morihiro Y, Yasumoto Y, Vaidyan LK, Sadahiro H, Uchida T, Inamura A, Sharifi K, Ideguchi M, Nomura S, Tokuda N, Kashiwabara S, Ishii A, Ikeda E, Owada Y, Suzuki M. Fatty acid binding protein 7 as a marker of glioma stem cells. Pathol Int 2014; 63:546-53. [PMID: 24274717 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most aggressive brain tumors. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to be responsible for the recurrence, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis of glioblastoma. Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), which is a cellular chaperone for a variety of omega-3 fatty acids, is a known marker for neural stem cells. In this study, using a newly developed anti-FABP7 antibody and patient-derived GSC lines, we evaluated the expression of FABP7 in GSCs. Using immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, and qPCR analyses, FABP7 was found to be highly enriched in GSCs and its localization was found in cytosol and nuclei. FABP7 expression was significantly downregulated in differentiated GSCs induced by the addition of serum. In the glioma surgical specimens, FABP7 was highly expressed in the majority of glioblastoma. Double immunostaining for FABP7 and Sox2 showed that FABP7(+) Sox2(+) tumor cells were significantly increased in glioblastoma (grade IV) compared with diffuse astrocytoma (grade II) and anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III). Our data introduces FABP7 as a marker for GSCs and further highlights its possible significance for glioma diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Morihiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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30
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Miyazaki H, Sawada T, Kiyohira M, Yu Z, Nakamura K, Yasumoto Y, Kagawa Y, Ebrahimi M, Islam A, Sharifi K, Kawamura S, Kodama T, Yamamoto Y, Adachi Y, Tokuda N, Terai S, Sakaida I, Ishikawa T, Owada Y. Fatty acid binding protein 7 regulates phagocytosis and cytokine production in Kupffer cells during liver injury. Am J Pathol 2014; 184:2505-15. [PMID: 25041855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are involved in the progression of liver diseases such as hepatitis and liver cancer. Several members of the fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are expressed by tissue macrophages, and FABP7 is localized only in KCs. To clarify the role of FABP7 in the regulation of KC function, we evaluated pathological changes of Fabp7 knockout mice during carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. During liver injury in Fabp7 knockout mice, serum liver enzymes were increased, cytokine expression (tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-β) was decreased in the liver, and the number of KCs in the liver necrotic area was significantly decreased. Interestingly, in the FABP7-deficient KCs, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was impaired, and expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 was markedly decreased. In chronic liver injury, Fabp7 knockout mice showed less fibrogenic response to carbon tetrachloride compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, FABP7 is involved in the liver injury process through its regulation of KC phagocytic activity and cytokine production. Such modulation of KC function by FABP7 may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sawada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Miwa Kiyohira
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Saki Kawamura
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Takanori Kodama
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Adachi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tokuda
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Isao Sakaida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Toshizo Ishikawa
- Division of Neurosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
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Tsutsumi S, Ogino I, Miyajima M, Nakamura M, Yasumoto Y, Arai H, Ito M. Cranial arachnoid protrusions and contiguous diploic veins in CSF drainage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1735-9. [PMID: 24948506 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies have suggested that arachnoid villi or granulations found in the walls of the cranial dural sinuses, olfactory mucosa, and cranial nerve sheaths function as outlets for intracranial CSF. However, their role as CSF outlets has not yet been verified. Here we show that arachnoid protrusions and contiguous diploic veins provide an alternative drainage route for intracranial CSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four hundred patients with intact skull, dura mater, and dural sinuses underwent MR imaging to explore arachnoids protruding into the skull and diploic veins. Patients with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure or intracranial hypotension were excluded. For 15 patients undergoing craniotomy, both peripheral and diploic venous blood was collected. Albumin and the CSF-specific biomarkers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS With MR imaging, arachnoid protrusions into the skull and contiguous diploic veins were consistently identified throughout the cranium with their characteristic appearance depending on the cranial region. In addition, elevated amounts of prostaglandin D synthase and cystatin C were confirmed in diploic veins compared with peripheral venous blood. CONCLUSIONS Diploic veins are distributed ubiquitously throughout the cranium. A portion of the intracranial CSF may be drained through arachnoid protrusions and contiguous diploic veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsutsumi
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (S.T., Y.Y., M.I.), Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - I Ogino
- Department of Neurological Surgery (I.O., M.M., H.A.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Miyajima
- Department of Neurological Surgery (I.O., M.M., H.A.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nakamura
- Division of Radiological Technology (M.N.), Medical Satellite Yaesu Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yasumoto
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (S.T., Y.Y., M.I.), Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Arai
- Department of Neurological Surgery (I.O., M.M., H.A.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ito
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (S.T., Y.Y., M.I.), Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
Many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are treated using synthetic glucocorticoids. However, excessive glucocorticoid can often cause unpredictable effects including muscle atrophy. Endogenous glucocorticoid levels robustly fluctuate in a circadian manner and peak just before the onset of the active phase in both humans and nocturnal rodents. The present study determines whether muscle atrophy induced by exogenous glucocorticoid can be avoided by optimizing dosing times. We administered single daily doses of the glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone (Dex) to mice for 10 days at the times of day corresponding to peak (early night) or trough (early morning) endogenous glucocorticoid levels. Administration at the acrophase of endogenous glucocorticoids significantly attenuated Dex-induced wasting of the gastrocnemius (Ga) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles that comprise mostly fast-twitch muscle fibers. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the Dex-induced mRNA expression of genes encoding the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases Muscle Atrophy F-box (Fbxo32, also known as MAFbx/Atrogin-1) and Muscle RING finger 1 (Trim63, also known as MuRF1) in the Ga and TA muscles was significantly attenuated by Dex when administered during the early night. Dex negligibly affected the weight of the soleus (So) muscle that mostly comprises slow-twitch muscle fibers, but significantly and similarly decreased the weight of the spleen at both dosing times. These results suggest that glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy can be attenuated by optimizing the dosing schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
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Kondoh D, Yamamoto S, Tomita T, Miyazaki K, Itoh N, Yasumoto Y, Oike H, Doi R, Oishi K. Harmine lengthens circadian period of the mammalian molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Biol Pharm Bull 2014; 37:1422-7. [PMID: 25087965 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a cell-autonomous endogenous system that generates circadian rhythms in the behavior and physiology of most organisms. We previously reported that the harmala alkaloid, harmine, lengthens the circadian period of Bmal1 transcription in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Clock protein dynamics were examined using real-time reporter assays of PER2::LUC to determine the effects of harmine on the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Harmine significantly lengthened the period of PER2::LUC expression in embryonic fibroblasts, in neuronal cells differentiated from neuronal progenitor cells and in SCN slices obtained from PER2::LUC mice. Although harmine did not induce the transient mRNA expression of clock genes such as Per1, Per2 and Bmal1 in embryonic fibroblasts, it significantly extended the half-life of PER2::LUC protein in neuronal cells and SCN slices. Harmine might lengthen the circadian period of the molecular clock by increasing PER2 protein stability in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondoh
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Sharifi K, Ebrahimi M, Kagawa Y, Islam A, Tuerxun T, Yasumoto Y, Hara T, Yamamoto Y, Miyazaki H, Tokuda N, Yoshikawa T, Owada Y. Differential expression and regulatory roles of FABP5 and FABP7 in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:683-95. [PMID: 24114376 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are key intracellular molecules involved in the uptake, transportation and storage of fatty acids and in the mediation of signal transduction and gene transcription. However, little is known regarding their expression and function in the oligodendrocyte lineage. We evaluate the in vivo and in vitro expression of FABP5 and FABP7 in oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the cortex and corpus callosum of adult mice, mixed cortical culture and oligosphere culture by immunofluorescent counter-staining with major oligodendrocyte lineage markers. In all settings, FABP7 expression was detected in NG2(+)/PDGFRα(+) oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that did not express FABP5. FABP5 was detected in mature CC1(+)/MBP(+) oligodendrocytes that did not express FABP7. Analysis of cultured OPCs showed a significant decrease in the population of FABP7-knockout (KO) OPCs and their BrdU uptake compared with wild-type (WT) OPCs. Upon incubation of OPCs in oligodendrocyte differentiation medium, a significantly lower percentage of FABP7-KO OPCs differentiated into O4(+) oligodendrocytes. The percentage of mature MBP(+) oligodendrocytes relative to whole O4(+)/MBP(+) oligodendrocytes was significantly lower in FABP7-KO and FABP5-KO than in WT cell populations. The percentage of terminally mature oligodendrocytes with membrane sheet morphology was significantly lower in FABP5-KO compared with WT cell populations. Thus, FABP7 and FABP5 are differentially expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and regulate their proliferation and/or differentiation. Our findings suggest the involvement of FABP7 and FABP5 in the pathophysiology of demyelinating disorders, neuropsychiatric disorder and glioma, conditions in which OPCs/oligodendrocytes play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
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35
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Sharifi K, Morihiro Y, Maekawa M, Yasumoto Y, Hoshi H, Adachi Y, Sawada T, Tokuda N, Kondo H, Yoshikawa T, Suzuki M, Owada Y. FABP7 expression in normal and stab-injured brain cortex and its role in astrocyte proliferation. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 136:501-13. [PMID: 21938553 PMCID: PMC3192944 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive gliosis, in which astrocytes as well as other types of glial cells undergo massive proliferation, is a common hallmark of all brain pathologies. Brain-type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7) is abundantly expressed in neural stem cells and astrocytes of developing brain, suggesting its role in differentiation and/or proliferation of glial cells through regulation of lipid metabolism and/or signaling. However, the role of FABP7 in proliferation of glial cells during reactive gliosis is unknown. In this study, we examined the expression of FABP7 in mouse cortical stab injury model and also the phenotype of FABP7-KO mice in glial cell proliferation. Western blotting showed that FABP7 expression was increased significantly in the injured cortex compared with the contralateral side. By immunohistochemistry, FABP7 was localized to GFAP+ astrocytes (21% of FABP7+ cells) and NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (62%) in the normal cortex. In the injured cortex there was no change in the population of FABP7+/NG2+ cells, while there was a significant increase in FABP7+/GFAP+ cells. In the stab-injured cortex of FABP7-KO mice there was decrease in the total number of reactive astrocytes and in the number of BrdU+ astrocytes compared with wild-type mice. Primary cultured astrocytes from FABP7-KO mice also showed a significant decrease in proliferation and omega-3 fatty acid incorporation compared with wild-type astrocytes. Overall, these data suggest that FABP7 is involved in the proliferation of astrocytes by controlling cellular fatty acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Sharifi K, Morihiro Y, Yasumoto Y, Maekawa M, Ebrahimi M, Tokuda N, Yoshikawa T, Owada Y. Expression of FABP7 in normal and injured brain cortex and its role in astrocyte proliferation. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Moresco TR, Gaziri LCJ, Yasumoto Y, Felipe I. Phagocytic and candidacidal activities of macrophages from suckling and adult mice pretreated with concanavalin-A. Med Mycol 2002; 40:393-7. [PMID: 12230219 DOI: 10.1080/mmy.40.4.393.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of concanavalin-A (Con-A) on the activation of phagocytosis and killing of Candida albicans by peritoneal macrophages from suckling and adult mice. Pretreatment of adult mice with Con-A dose-dependently increased the percentage of macrophages phagocytosing C. albicans in vitro from 3.8 +/- 0.9 to 24.2 +/- 2.4 in the absence of serum opsonins. Addition of mannan (50 microg) and mannose (50 mM) to the incubation medium reduced phagocytosis from 21.5 +/- 1.3 to 4.7 +/- 1.9, suggesting that treatment with Con-A increased phagocytosis mediated by mannose receptors. Killing of C. albicans was also increased by increasing the dose of Con-A. Pretreatment of suckling mice with Con-A increased the macrophages' phagocytic and candidacidal activities by an amount similar to that observed in adult mice. Furthermore, suckling mice pretreated with Con-A survived an intraperitoneal inoculum of 5 x 10(7) C. albicans, whereas all control mice died within 24-48 h of infection. This suggested that increased phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans stimulated by the action of Con-A conferred early protection upon suckling mice experimentally infected with C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Moresco
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
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38
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E (VE) has been used as an antioxidant and has been suggested to inhibit the proliferation of mesangial cells in rat and vascular endothelial cells. The direct effect of VE on primary cultures of mesangial cells (MC) and endothelial cells (EC) from the human glomerulus was studied. METHODS (1) MC (in 17 or 2.5% FCS DMEM) or EC (in 10 or 5% FCS CSC) at 5,000 cells/well was incubated with serial concentrations of VE from 0.05 to 50 microg/ml (0.06 to 60 IU/l). (2) MC was cocultured with 160, 80, 40 or 20 microg/ml of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) in 17 or 2.5% FCS DMEM with or without VE. After 3 days of incubation at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2), cell proliferation was measured by the Premix WST-1 Assay System. RESULTS The concentration of VE that significantly inhibited the proliferation of MC cultured in 17 or 2.5% FCS DMEM was 50 or 2.5 microg/ml (60 or 3.0 IU/l), respectively, and that of EC in 10 or 5% FCS medium was 50 or 25 microg/ml (60 or 30 IU/l). VE at 25 microg/ml (30 IU/l) inhibited the LDL proliferative effect on MC cultured in 2.5 FCS DMEM by 21.79-93.21% in a LDL concentration-dependent manner. There was little difference between the effects of LDL and ox-LDL on the VE inhibitory effect on MC under our experimental conditions. CONCLUSION VE at low concentrations had no effect on the proliferation of both MC and EC, but at high concentrations, it showed an inhibitory effect on both cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Abstract
A primary melanocytic lesion arising from the pineal gland is very rare. The authors report a case of primary pineal melanocytic tumor with dissemination to the right hippocampus in a 50-year-old woman who presented with memory disturbance. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a mass that was hyperintense on T1-weighted and hypointense on T2-weighted MR images. The pineal tumor was removed subtotally via the occipital transtentorial approach, and the patient underwent whole-brain irradiation. Results of histological examination revealed that the tumor predominantly consisted of atypical cells with scanty melanin pigment and some necrotic foci. The strongly pigmented areas of the tumor contained well-differentiated cells similar to those of melanocytoma. An ultrastructural study demonstrated evidence of a mature type of melanosome. The patient died 11 months after surgery and radiotherapy (1.7 years after the onset of symptoms). The autopsy findings demonstrated tumor invasion into the parenchyma through the leptomeningeal space and the ventricular wall. The tumor was diagnosed as being malignant, and it was finally concluded that the atypical cells in the tumor were probably responsible. This pineal melanocytic tumor exhibited a wide spectrum of differentiation, ranging from highly malignant melanoma to well-differentiated melanocytoma, which may have contributed to the patient's relatively long survival period. The biological behavior and morphological characteristics of this tumor appear to be similar to those of other pineal parenchymal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsumura General Hospital, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
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40
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Tomino Y, Suzuki S, Gohda T, Kobayashi M, Horikoshi S, Imai H, Saito T, Kawamura T, Yorioka N, Harada T, Yasumoto Y, Kida H, Kobayashi Y, Endoh M, Sato H, Saito K. Serum cystatin C may predict the prognostic stages of patients with IgA nephropathy prior to renal biopsy. J Clin Lab Anal 2001; 15:25-9. [PMID: 11170230 PMCID: PMC6875699 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2825(2001)15:1<25::aid-jcla5>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the levels of serum cystatin C and the prognostic stages of IgA nephropathy was determined in a multicenter trial in Japan. The levels of serum cystatin C in patients with IgA nephropathy were measured using the Dade Behring N Latex Cystain C assay. In 1995, the Joint Committee of the Special Study Group on Progressive Glomerular Diseases, Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, and the Japanese Society of Nephropathy reported four prognostic stages. These are: good prognosis group (Group I), relatively good prognosis group (Group II), relatively poor prognosis group (Group III), and poor prognosis group (Group IV), for this disease. Three-hundred and six patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases were examined. There were no significant changes in the levels of serum creatinine (Cr) or creatinine clearance (CCr) between Group I and Group II. The mean levels of serum cystatin C in Group II were significantly higher than those in Group I (P < 0.05). The mean levels of serum cystatin C in Group III or IV were significantly higher than those in Group I (P < 0.001, P < 0.005, respectively). These suggest that the measurement of serum cystatin C may predict the prognostic stages of patients with IgA nephropathy prior to renal biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomino Y, Suzuki S, Imai H, Saito T, Kawamura T, Yorioka N, Harada T, Yasumoto Y, Kida H, Kobayashi Y, Endoh M, Sato H, Saito K. Measurement of serum IgA and C3 may predict the diagnosis of patients with IgA nephropathy prior to renal biopsy. J Clin Lab Anal 2000; 14:220-3. [PMID: 11018800 PMCID: PMC6808025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The levels of serum IgA and C3 in patients with IgA nephropathy were determined using international standard serum (IFCC/CRM470) in a multicenter trial in Japan. The ratio of serum IgA to C3 (serum IgA/C3 ratio) without any information from renal biopsy was used for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. Three hundred and six patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases, and 418 healthy adults were examined. The new diagnostic standardized criterion in patients with IgA nephropathy, obtained by nephelometric immune assay based on the international reference preparation CRM470, was 315 mg/dl. The serum IgA/C3 ratio was a more useful marker for distinguishing IgA nephropathy from non-IgA nephropathy together with serum IgA levels. This suggests that the measurement of serum IgA and C3 may predict the diagnosis of patients with IgA nephropathy prior to renal biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tomino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Ishii H, Yasumoto Y, Suzuki K, Kumami K, Matsumura K, Mochizuki M, Kojima H. [A case of multiple metastatic brain tumors with repeated intracerebral hemorrhages]. No Shinkei Geka 2000; 28:535-9. [PMID: 10875111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of multiple metastatic brain tumors with repeated intracerebral hemorrhages. A 73-year-old man suffered from a cerebellar hemorrhage. Subsequent hemorrhages repeatedly occurred in the right temporal lobe, the 4th ventricle, the midbrain, and the septum pellucidum. Three months after admission, CT revealed enhanced masses with surrounding edema in the cerebellar vermis and midbrain, suggesting brain tumors. We eventually diagnosed these masses in an autopsy as metastatic brain tumors of lung adenocarcinoma. Intravascular embolization with tumor cells was a probable cause of the multiple repeated intracerebral hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsumura General Hospital, Iwaki, Japan
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43
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Horinaka N, Yasumoto Y, Kumami K, Matsumura K. Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in chronic subdural hematoma. Keio J Med 2000; 49 Suppl 1:A156-8. [PMID: 10750371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism responsible for neurological impairment associated with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), we performed quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with xenon-enhanced computed tomographic scans in eight patients with unilateral CSDH. Vascular reserve capacity was also evaluated with acetazolamide challenge. CBF was depressed in all regions examined except the corona radiata. There was no statistical difference in hemispheric and regional CBF between the lesion and non-lesion sides. A significant increase in CBF values ranging from 32% to 69% was observed after acetazolamide administration in the whole brain. Postoperatively CBF remained depressed in all regions we analyzed except for the frontal and temporal lobes, despite the fact that all patients had improved clinical symptoms. Amplitude of N20 and central conduction time (N13-20) in SSEP showed no significant change in CSDH patients compared to normal control. So we conclude that preoperative neurological signs in CSDH are related to a reduction of CBF in the whole brain. However, other mechanisms must be involved to explain preoperative focal signs and good postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Horinaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsumura General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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44
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Kitahara T, Hiromura K, Maezawa A, Ono K, Narabara N, Yano S, Naruse T, Takenouchi K, Yasumoto Y. Case of propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA); review of literature. Clin Nephrol 1997; 47:336-40. [PMID: 9181282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 39-year-old Japanese woman had been receiving propylthiouracil for 5 years for hyperthyroidism when she developed myalgia, scleritis, proteinuria, fever, and inflammation of the nose. Examination of a renal biopsy specimen showed focal segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis. Indirect immunofluorescent staining showed a highly positive perinuclear pattern of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in her serum. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the ANCA showed positivity for anti-proteinase 3, anti-myeloperoxidase, anti-leukocyte elastase, and anti-lactoferrin, but anti-cathepsin G and anti-lysozyme were negative. Because ELISA showed the titer of anti-leukocyte elastase antibody to be markedly elevated, we challenged this data by performing dot blot analysis. The patient's serum reacted with the native form, but not with denatured leukocyte elastase. Propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis was suspected. Symptoms abated within 2 weeks and all values of ANCA were reduced after the drug was withdrawn. Vasculitis is a rare side-effect of propylthiouracil therapy. Recently it was reported in association with ANCA. We present the findings of this patient and compare them with those described in 19 published cases of propylthiouracil-induced vasculitis associated with ANCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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45
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Spiro RG, Yasumoto Y, Bhoyroo V. Characterization of a rat liver Golgi sulphotransferase responsible for the 6-O-sulphation of N-acetylglucosamine residues in beta-linkage to mannose: role in assembly of sialyl-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulphate sequence of N-linked oligosaccharides. Biochem J 1996; 319 ( Pt 1):209-16. [PMID: 8870671 PMCID: PMC1217757 DOI: 10.1042/bj3190209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Rat liver Golgi membranes were found to contain an enzyme that can transfer sulphate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (PAPS) to C-6 of the terminal GlcNAc in beta-linkage to mannose and has properties indicating that it is involved in the synthesis of the NeuAc alpha 2-3(6)Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc(6-SO4) sequences observed in the N-linked carbohydrate units of various glycoproteins. Assays performed with [35S]PAPS (Km 0.67 microM) and GlcNAc beta 1-6Man alpha 1-O-Me (GnMaMe) acceptor (Km 0.71 mM) indicated that the sulphotransferase had a pH optimum of approx. 7.0 and is markedly stimulated by Mn2+ ions (maximum approx. 15 mM) and Triton X-100 (0.05-0.1%). Hydrazine/nitrous acid/NaBH4 treatment of the 35S-labelled product yielded radiolabelled 2,5-anhydromannitol(6-SO4). The sulphated GnMaMc product of the GlcNAc-6-O-sulphotransferase could be galactosylated by a rat liver Golgi enzyme that was shown to have the same properties as the UDP-Gal:GlcNAc beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase from bovine milk. Competition studies performed with GlcNAc and GlcNAc-6-SO4 furthermore indicated that the same liver enzyme acted on both acceptors to produce Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc and Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc(6-SO4) with Km values of 1.04 and 1.68 mM respectively. Because the sulphated N-acetyl-lactosaminc could in turn serve as an acceptor for rat liver sialyltransferase, it seems that this enzyme, together with the Golgi galactosyltransferase and the GlcNAc-6-O-sulphotransferase, could act in concert in assembling the NeuAc alpha 2-3(6)Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc(6-SO4) branches of complex N-linked oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Spiro
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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46
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Yasumoto Y, Arai H, Kusumoto M, Kumami K, Sato K. [Protective effects of KC-764 on short-term forebrain ischemia in gerbils]. No To Shinkei 1994; 46:1045-9. [PMID: 7873277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
KC-764, developed as a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, was administered to gerbils in a dose of 10 mg/kg, i.p., before subjecting them to 5-minute bilateral forebrain ischemia in order to determine whether it would have any protective effects. No post-ischemic hyperthermia (over 39 degrees C for 120 min) was observed in the KC-764 group. Behavior recovery time after ischemia was 11.4 +/- 2.8 minutes in the KC-764 group versus 87.3 +/- 13.4 minutes in the control group (p < 0.05). Delayed neuronal death (DND) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was inhibited in the KC-764 group, but when the KC-764-treated animals were exposed to hyperthermia, the degree of DND was the same as in the control group. EEG voltage recovery time in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was almost the same in the control group, the KC-764 group, and the KC-764-plus-hyperthermia (HT) group. Although tissue blood flow measurements in the CA1 region of the hippocampus showed post-ischemic hypoperfusion (81 +/- 18% of the pre-ischemic level at 60 minutes), it was prevented in the KC-764 group (102 +/- 21%) (p < 0.05) and the KC-764-plus-HT group (96 +/- 28%). There was a tremendous increase in PGD2 (1461.4 +/- 863.4 p mol/g) and PGF2 alpha (219.6 +/- 104.2 p mol/g) in the forebrain after 5 minutes of reflow, but this increase in prostaglandin levels was inhibited (p < 0.05) in the KC-764 group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yasumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Nitta T, Kasuga C, Yasumoto Y, Okuda O, Kudo S, Sato K. [A clinicopathological study of 21 cases of primary central nervous system lymphoma]. No Shinkei Geka 1994; 22:827-32. [PMID: 8090264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A clinico-pathological study was carried out in 21 cases of primary central nervous system-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (CNS-NHL). Their clinical profiles (age, prognosis, modalities of treatment) and findings of radio-imaging were analyzed. All specimens from surgery and/or autopsy were histologically classified according to the working formulation (WF) classification of the National Cancer Institute. Ontogeny of lymphoma cells was determined by immunohistochemical study in all cases and some cases were subjected to light (kappa, lambda) and heavy chain (IgG, IgA, IgM) analysis as well. Among 21 cases, 12 cases were located in the cerebral hemisphere, 7 in the thalamus-basal ganglia and 4 in the cerebellum. Radio-imaging study showed that 18 cases (86%) revealed isodensity mass lesions on plain CT, which were homogeneously enhanced by contrast medium. The pathological study showed that all cases were derived from B-cells. Five were classified as immunoblastic type (IBL), 9 as diffuse large type (DL), and the others were classified according to WF. 17 of 21 cases (81%) were sensitive to radiotherapy, and 15 of 19 cases (79%) responded to corticosteroid. A prognostic study revealed that patients with IBL had less hope than those with DL. From this result, it seems that WF classification is better than LSG classification for obtaining a prognosis in malignant lymphoma patients. The frequency of primary CNS-NHL has been increasing for the past several decades and will surpass that of any other brain tumors in the near future because of the explosive expansion of AIDS patients. Therefore, not only clinicopathological analysis but also biological study for CNS-NHL might be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine
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48
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Yasumoto Y, Kadota Y, Kumami K, Miyajima M, Tsuji O, Nakano H, Matsumura K. [Cefuzonam penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. Jpn J Antibiot 1993; 46:36-43. [PMID: 8455330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We studied the penetration of cefuzonam (CZON) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 20 patients with neurosurgical diseases. Influences of the presence of meningeal reaction and the intensity of brain damage on CSF penetration of CZON were also examined. Concentrations of CZON in serum and CSF were determined using the thin-layer cup method before and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after 2 g of CZON was administered intravenously. The serum concentration at 1 hour was 60.4 +/- 31.3 (mean +/- S.D.) microgram/ml, then rapidly decreased to 2.1 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. In contrast, the CSF concentration gradually increased, reached a peak level of 0.319 +/- 0.313 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and then slowly decreased to 0.273 +/- 0.249 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. The CSF penetration ration: CZON ([CSF]/[serum]) was 5.6% at 4 hours. The peak CSF concentration in patients with meningeal reaction (0.465 +/- 0.364 micrograms/ml at 2 hours) was about 2-fold higher than that in those without the reaction (0.249 +/- 0.223 micrograms/ml at 4 hours). The peak CSF concentrations in patients with slight, moderate, and severe brain damage were 0.231 +/- 0.133 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.270 +/- 0.232 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, and 0.680 +/- 0.467 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively. CSF penetration of CZON was augmented in patients with meningeal reaction or severe brain damage. These findings indicate that the concentration of CZON in CSF after intravenous administration is sufficient for treatment of meningitis or infections after neurosurgical operations caused by such bacteria as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yasumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsumura General Hospital
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49
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Ohashi T, Shimokawahara H, Fukumoto M, Azuma K, Uchida Y, Tokuda Y, Ito H, Yasumoto Y, Yamashita W, Harada R. [Effects of steroid therapy in IgA nephropathy]. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 1992; 83:209-15. [PMID: 1612550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to estimate the effects of corticosteroid therapy in IgA nephropathy cases with daily urinary protein excretion of 1.0 g/day or more. 26 patients (8 men and 18 women, aged 32.6 +/- 14.0 years old) were subjected to this study. The results obtained were as follows: Urinary protein excretion after 1 year from the beginning of steroid therapy (1.56 +/- 1.14 g/day) was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than that at the beginning of the therapy (4.61 +/- 6.01 g/day). In serum creatinine levels, there was no statistically significant difference with them between at the beginning (1.15 +/- 0.48 mg/dl) of steroid therapy and at the time of 1 year after (1.05 +/- 0.34 mg/dl) the therapy. As for the outcome at the end of this study setting (mean follow-up duration: 3.7 +/- 2.6 years), complete remission was attained in 7 cases, improvement in 5 cases, unchanged condition in 11 cases, increased urinary protein excretion in 2 cases and aggravated renal function in 1 case. In clinical findings at the renal biopsy, duration of the disease (3.4 +/- 1.6 months) in complete remission cases before biopsy was significantly (p less than 0.01) shorter than that in unchanged cases (65.0 +/- 40.0 months). In histological findings, rate of global sclerosing glomeruli (2.6 +/- 4.6%) in complete remission cases was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than that (24.6 +/- 23.1%) in unchanged cases. These results suggest that steroid therapy in IgA nephropathy with persistent proteinuria of 1.0 g/day or more is beneficial, especially in cases that are in early stage of the disease with lower rate of global sclerosing glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohashi
- Prefectual Hospital Satsunan, Kagoshima
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Baba Y, Hamada F, Aozaki S, Hagihara R, Ohashi T, Yasumoto Y, Ohsaki K, Yamashita W, Harada R, Arima T. [A case of familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1992; 34:309-16. [PMID: 1630033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the esterifying reaction of cholesterol in plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL). Deficiency of LCAT is a rare hereditary disease characterized by several clinical symptoms such as proteinuria, corneal opacity, and anemia due to a shortened life span of erythrocytes. In this communication, we report a case of 40 year-old female patient of LCAT deficiency. She visited a hospital for work-up of proteinuria, corneal opacity and anemia. Activity of her serum LCAT was found to be extremely low, and characteristic changes in plasma lipids due to deficiency of LCAT was observed: those were marked decreases in HDL-cholesterol, degree of esterification in serum cholesterol, and apoprotein A-I, A-II, B and C-II levels. The diagnosis of LCAT deficiency was finally made. We studied about histopathological changes in the patient's kidney, and erythrocyte membrane lipid composition and fluidity. Histopathological findings in renal biopsy were follows: a) Light microscopy showed spherical deposits stained with periodic acid-Schiff in mesangial matrix and adjacent capillary loops, and hyaline deposits in arterioles, b) Electron microscopy showed vacuoles in mesangial matrix and along the glomerular basement membranes. In erythrocyte membrane lipids, increase of cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio was evident, being accompanied by changes in phospholipid fractions: increase of phosphatidylcholine, and decreases of phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. In phospholipid acyl chains, increase of C18:2 and decreased of C18:1 were evident in the patient. Erythrocyte membrane fluidity was found to be decreased in the patient in a measurement by pyrene, probably being related to the changes in membrane lipid composition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Baba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Sendai Hospital
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