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Kelkar NS, Goldberg BS, Dufloo J, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Hessell AJ, Ackerman ME. Sex- and species-associated differences in complement-mediated immunity in humans and rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0028224. [PMID: 38385704 PMCID: PMC10936177 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00282-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system can be viewed as a "moderator" of innate immunity, "instructor" of humoral immunity, and "regulator" of adaptive immunity. While sex is known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, its impact on complement in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, has not been well studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 72 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test for use with macaque samples, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between humans and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans and balance between classical and alternative activation pathways. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sex-associated differences. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans, identifying differences absent from rhesus macaques.IMPORTANCEThe complement system is a critical part of host defense to many bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. In parallel, rich epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical research evidence demonstrates that sex is an important biological variable in immunity, and many sex-specific differences in immune system are intimately tied with disease outcomes. This study focuses on the intersection of these two factors to define the impact of sex on complement pathway components and activities. This work expands our knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans and also identifies the differences that appear to be absent in rhesus macaques, a popular non-human primate model. Whereas differences between species suggest potential limitations in the ability of macaque model to recapitulate human biology, knowledge of sex-based differences in humans has the potential to inform clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S. Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Abdalla S, Compagnucci A, Riault Y, Chan MK, Bamford A, Nolan A, Ramos JT, Constant V, Nguyen TN, Zheng Y, Tréluyer JM, Froelicher-Bournaud L, Neveux N, Saidi Y, Cressey TR, Hirt D. Simultaneous pharmacokinetic modeling of unbound and total darunavir with ritonavir in adolescents: a substudy of the SMILE trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0100423. [PMID: 38092664 PMCID: PMC10848770 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01004-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Darunavir (DRV) is an HIV protease inhibitor commonly used as part of antiretroviral treatment regimens globally for children and adolescents. It requires a pharmacological booster, such as ritonavir (RTV) or cobicistat. To better understand the pharmacokinetics (PK) of DRV in this younger population and the importance of the RTV boosting effect, a population PK substudy was conducted within SMILE trial, where the maintenance of HIV suppression with once daily integrate inhibitor + darunavir/ritonavir in children and adolescents is evaluated. A joint population PK model that simultaneously used total DRV, unbound DRV, and total RTV concentrations was developed. Competitive and non-competitive models were examined to define RTV's influence on DRV pharmacokinetics. Linear and non-linear equations were tested to assess DRV protein binding. A total of 443 plasma samples from 152 adolescents were included in this analysis. Darunavir PK was best described by a one-compartment model first-order absorption and elimination. The influence of RTV on DRV pharmacokinetics was best characterized by ritonavir area under the curve on DRV clearance using a power function. The association of non-linear and linear equations was used to describe DRV protein binding to alpha-1 glycoprotein and albumin, respectively. In our population, simulations indicate that 86.8% of total and unbound DRV trough concentrations were above 0.55 mg/L [10 times protein binding-adjusted EC50 for wild-type (WT) HIV-1] and 0.0243 mg/L (10 times EC90 for WT HIV-1) targets, respectively. Predictions were also in agreement with observed outcomes from adults receiving 800/100 mg DRV/r once a day. Administration of 800/100 mg of DRV/r once daily provides satisfactory concentrations and exposures for adolescents aged 12 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seef Abdalla
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Compagnucci
- SC10-US019 Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Yoann Riault
- SC10-US019 Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Man K. Chan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Bamford
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife Nolan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - José T. Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Constant
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thao-Nguyen Nguyen
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yi Zheng
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Tréluyer
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Léo Froelicher-Bournaud
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Neveux
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yacine Saidi
- SC10-US019 Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Tim R. Cressey
- AMS-PHPT Research Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Déborah Hirt
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - on behalf of the SMILE study group
- Pharmacologie et évaluation des thérapeutiques chez l'enfant et la femme enceinte, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- SC10-US019 Essais Thérapeutiques et Maladies Infectieuses, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, Fundación de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP Centre–Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AMS-PHPT Research Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Ait Said M, Bejjani F, Abdouni A, Ségéral E, Emiliani S. Premature transcription termination complex proteins PCF11 and WDR82 silence HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313356120. [PMID: 38015843 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313356120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Postintegration transcriptional silencing of HIV-1 leads to the establishment of a pool of latently infected cells. In these cells, mechanisms controlling RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing and premature transcription termination (PTT) remain to be explored. Here, we found that the cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) factor PCF11 represses HIV-1 expression independently of the other subunits of the CPA complex or the polyadenylation signal located at the 5' LTR. We show that PCF11 interacts with the RNAPII-binding protein WDR82. Knock-down of PCF11 or WDR82 reactivated HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells. To silence HIV-1 transcription, PCF11 and WDR82 are specifically recruited at the promoter-proximal region of the provirus in an interdependent manner. Codepletion of PCF11 and WDR82 indicated that they act on the same pathway to repress HIV expression. These findings reveal PCF11/WDR82 as a PTT complex silencing HIV-1 expression in latently infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ait Said
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Fabienne Bejjani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Ahmed Abdouni
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Emmanuel Ségéral
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Stéphane Emiliani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris F-75014, France
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4
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Zhang P, Chaldebas M, Ogishi M, Al Qureshah F, Ponsin K, Feng Y, Rinchai D, Milisavljevic B, Han JE, Moncada-Vélez M, Keles S, Schröder B, Stenson PD, Cooper DN, Cobat A, Boisson B, Zhang Q, Boisson-Dupuis S, Abel L, Casanova JL. Genome-wide detection of human intronic AG-gain variants located between splicing branchpoints and canonical splice acceptor sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314225120. [PMID: 37931111 PMCID: PMC10655562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314225120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic variants that introduce an AG into the intronic region between the branchpoint (BP) and the canonical splice acceptor site (ACC) of protein-coding genes can disrupt pre-mRNA splicing. Using our genome-wide BP database, we delineated the BP-ACC segments of all human introns and found extreme depletion of AG/YAG in the [BP+8, ACC-4] high-risk region. We developed AGAIN as a genome-wide computational approach to systematically and precisely pinpoint intronic AG-gain variants within the BP-ACC regions. AGAIN identified 350 AG-gain variants from the Human Gene Mutation Database, all of which alter splicing and cause disease. Among them, 74% created new acceptor sites, whereas 31% resulted in complete exon skipping. AGAIN also predicts the protein-level products resulting from these two consequences. We performed AGAIN on our exome/genomes database of patients with severe infectious diseases but without known genetic etiology and identified a private homozygous intronic AG-gain variant in the antimycobacterial gene SPPL2A in a patient with mycobacterial disease. AGAIN also predicts a retention of six intronic nucleotides that encode an in-frame stop codon, turning AG-gain into stop-gain. This allele was then confirmed experimentally to lead to loss of function by disrupting splicing. We further showed that AG-gain variants inside the high-risk region led to misspliced products, while those outside the region did not, by two case studies in genes STAT1 and IRF7. We finally evaluated AGAIN on our 14 paired exome-RNAseq samples and found that 82% of AG-gain variants in high-risk regions showed evidence of missplicing. AGAIN is publicly available from https://hgidsoft.rockefeller.edu/AGAIN and https://github.com/casanova-lab/AGAIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Matthieu Chaldebas
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Fahd Al Qureshah
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Khoren Ponsin
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Yi Feng
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Baptiste Milisavljevic
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Ji Eun Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Marcela Moncada-Vélez
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Konya42080, Turkey
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01307, Germany
| | - Peter D. Stenson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris75015, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris75015, France
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris75015, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris75015, France
| | - Qian Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris75015, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris75015, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris75015, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris75015, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris75015, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris75015, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris75015, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris75015, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris75015, France
- HHMI, New York, NY10065
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Granier C, Toesca J, Mialon C, Ritter M, Freitas N, Boson B, Pécheur EI, Cosset FL, Denolly S. Low-density hepatitis C virus infectious particles are protected from oxidation by secreted cellular proteins. mBio 2023; 14:e0154923. [PMID: 37671888 PMCID: PMC10653866 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01549-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Assessments of viral stability on surfaces or in body fluids under different environmental conditions and/or temperatures are often performed, as they are key to understanding the routes and parameters of viral transmission and to providing clues on the epidemiology of infections. However, for most viruses, the mechanisms of inactivation vs stability of viral particles remain poorly defined. Although they are structurally diverse, with different compositions, sizes, and shapes, enveloped viruses are generally less stable than non-enveloped viruses, pointing out the role of envelopes themselves in virus lability. In this report, we investigated the properties of hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles with regards to their stability. We found that, compared to alternative enveloped viruses such as Dengue virus (DENV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) that infect the liver, HCV particles are intrinsically labile. We determined the mechanisms that drastically alter their specific infectivity through oxidation of their lipids, and we highlighted that they are protected from lipid oxidation by secreted cellular proteins, which can protect their membrane fusion capacity and overall infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Granier
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Johan Toesca
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Mialon
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maureen Ritter
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Natalia Freitas
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eve-Isabelle Pécheur
- Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS 5286, Inserm U1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Denolly
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308 ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Arone C, Martial S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Thoulouze MI, Roingeard P, Dutartre H, Muriaux D. HTLV-1 biofilm polarization maintained by tetraspanin CD82 is required for efficient viral transmission. mBio 2023; 14:e0132623. [PMID: 37889017 PMCID: PMC10746275 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01326-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus whose transmission relies primarily on cell-to-cell contacts as cell-free viruses are poorly infectious. Among the intercellular transmission routes described, HTLV-1 biofilms are adhesive structures polarized at the cell surface that confine virions in a protective environment, which is believed to promote their simultaneous delivery during infection. Here, we show that several tetraspanins are enriched in HTLV-1 biofilms and incorporated into the viral envelope. However, we report that only the tetraspanin CD82 interacts with HTLV-1 Gag proteins which initiates their polarization into viral biofilms. Also, we demonstrate that CD82 maintains HTLV-1 biofilm polarization and favors viral transmission, as its silencing induces a complete reorganization of viral clusters at the cell surface and reduces the ability of infected T-cells to transmit the virus. Our results highlight the crucial role of CD82 and its glycosylation state in the architectural organization of HTLV-1 biofilms and their subsequent transfer through intercellular contacts.IMPORTANCEIn the early stages of infection, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) dissemination within its host is believed to rely mostly on cell-to-cell contacts. Past studies unveiled a novel mechanism of HTLV-1 intercellular transmission based on the remodeling of the host-cell extracellular matrix and the generation of cell-surface viral assemblies whose structure, composition, and function resemble bacterial biofilms. These polarized aggregates of infectious virions, identified as viral biofilms, allow the bulk delivery of viruses to target cells and may help to protect virions from immune attacks. However, viral biofilms' molecular and functional description is still in its infancy, although it is crucial to fully decipher retrovirus pathogenesis. Here, we explore the function of cellular tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, CD82) that we detect inside HTLV-1 particles within biofilms. Our results demonstrate specific roles for CD82 in the cell-surface distribution and intercellular transmission of HTLV-1 biofilms, which we document as two essential parameters for efficient viral transmission. At last, our findings indicate that N-glycosylation of cell-surface molecules, including CD82, is required for the polarization of HTLV-1 biofilms and for the efficient transmission of HTLV-1 between T-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Arone
- Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), UMR CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel Martial
- Center for International Research on Infectiology (CIRI), UMR Inserm, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Roingeard
- IBiSA Electron Microscopy Platform of Tours University, UMR Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- Center for International Research on Infectiology (CIRI), UMR Inserm, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Infectious Disease Research Institute of Montpellier (IRIM), UMR CNRS, Montpellier, France
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7
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Mauro E, Lapaillerie D, Tumiotto C, Charlier C, Martins F, Sousa SF, Métifiot M, Weigel P, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M, Munier-Lehmann H, Richetta C, Maisch M, Dutrieux J, Batisse J, Ruff M, Delelis O, Lesbats P, Parissi V. Modulation of the functional interfaces between retroviral intasomes and the human nucleosome. mBio 2023; 14:e0108323. [PMID: 37382440 PMCID: PMC10470491 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01083-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by retroviruses as HIV-1 requires the stable integration of their genome into the host cells. This process needs the formation of integrase (IN)-viral DNA complexes, called intasomes, and their interaction with the target DNA wrapped around nucleosomes within cell chromatin. To provide new tools to analyze this association and select drugs, we applied the AlphaLISA technology to the complex formed between the prototype foamy virus (PFV) intasome and nucleosome reconstituted on 601 Widom sequence. This system allowed us to monitor the association between both partners and select small molecules that could modulate the intasome/nucleosome association. Using this approach, drugs acting either on the DNA topology within the nucleosome or on the IN/histone tail interactions have been selected. Within these compounds, doxorubicin and histone binders calixarenes were characterized using biochemical, in silico molecular simulations and cellular approaches. These drugs were shown to inhibit both PFV and HIV-1 integration in vitro. Treatment of HIV-1-infected PBMCs with the selected molecules induces a decrease in viral infectivity and blocks the integration process. Thus, in addition to providing new information about intasome-nucleosome interaction determinants, our work also paves the way for further unedited antiviral strategies that target the final step of intasome/chromatin anchoring. IMPORTANCE In this work, we report the first monitoring of retroviral intasome/nucleosome interaction by AlphaLISA. This is the first description of the AlphaLISA application for large nucleoprotein complexes (>200 kDa) proving that this technology is suitable for molecular characterization and bimolecular inhibitor screening assays using such large complexes. Using this system, we have identified new drugs disrupting or preventing the intasome/nucleosome complex and inhibiting HIV-1 integration both in vitro and in infected cells. This first monitoring of the retroviral/intasome complex should allow the development of multiple applications including the analyses of the influence of cellular partners, the study of additional retroviral intasomes, and the determination of specific interfaces. Our work also provides the technical bases for the screening of larger libraries of drugs targeting specifically these functional nucleoprotein complexes, or additional nucleosome-partner complexes, as well as for their characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mauro
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS-University of Bordeaux, SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
| | - D. Lapaillerie
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS-University of Bordeaux, SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
| | - C. Tumiotto
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS-University of Bordeaux, SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
| | - C. Charlier
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286 and CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Bonamy, IMPACT Platform, Nantes, France
| | - F. Martins
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, BioSIM Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - S. F. Sousa
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE, BioSIM Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Métifiot
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS-University of Bordeaux, SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
| | - P. Weigel
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286 and CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Bonamy, IMPACT Platform, Nantes, France
| | - K. Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H. Munier-Lehmann
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, CNRS UMR 3523, Paris, France
| | - C. Richetta
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- LBPA, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR8113, IDA FR3242, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - M. Maisch
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - J. Dutrieux
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - J. Batisse
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- Département de Biologie Structurale intégrative, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), UDS, U596 INSERM, UMR7104, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Ruff
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- Département de Biologie Structurale intégrative, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), UDS, U596 INSERM, UMR7104, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - O. Delelis
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
- LBPA, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR8113, IDA FR3242, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - P. Lesbats
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS-University of Bordeaux, SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
| | - V. Parissi
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Lab (MFP), UMR 5234 CNRS-University of Bordeaux, SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
- Viral DNA Integration and Chromatin Dynamics Network (DyNAVir), Bordeaux, France
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8
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Trémeaux P, Latour J, Ranger N, Ferrer V, Harter A, Carcenac R, Boyer P, Demmou S, Nicot F, Raymond S, Izopet J. SARS-CoV-2 Co-Infections and Recombinations Identified by Long-Read Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0049323. [PMID: 37260377 PMCID: PMC10434069 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00493-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-infection with at least 2 strains of virus is the prerequisite for recombination, one of the means of genetic diversification. Little is known about the prevalence of these events in SARS-CoV-2, partly because it is difficult to detect them. We used long-read PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology to sequence whole genomes and targeted regions for haplotyping. We identified 17 co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 strains belonging to different clades in 6829 samples sequenced between January and October, 2022 (prevalence 0.25%). There were 3 Delta/Omicron co-infections and 14 Omicron/Omicron co-infections (4 cases of 21K/21L, 1 case of 21L/22A, 2 cases of 21L/22B, 4 cases of 22A/22B, 2 cases of 22B/22C and 1 case of 22B/22E). Four of these patients (24%) also harbored recombinant minor haplotypes, including one with a recombinant virus that was selected in the viral quasispecies over the course of his chronic infection. While co-infections remain rare among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals, long-read SMRT sequencing is a useful tool for detecting them as well as recombinant events, providing the basis for assessing their clinical impact, and a precise indicator of epidemic evolution. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 variants have been responsible for the successive waves of infection over the 3 years of pandemic. While co-infection followed by recombination is one driver of virus evolution, there have been few reports of co-infections, mainly between Delta and Omicron variants or between the first 2 Omicron variants 21K_BA.1 and 21L_BA.2. The 17 co-infections we detected during 2022 included cases with the recent clades of Omicron 22A, 22B, 22C, and 22E; 24% harbored recombinant variants. This study shows that long-read SMRT sequencing is well suited to SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Trémeaux
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Latour
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Noémie Ranger
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Vénicia Ferrer
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Harter
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Carcenac
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Boyer
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Sofia Demmou
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Nicot
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Raymond
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1291 – CNRS UMR 5051, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Virology Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR 1291 – CNRS UMR 5051, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), Toulouse, France
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9
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Judith D, Versapuech M, Bejjani F, Palaric M, Verlhac P, Kuster A, Lepont L, Gallois-Montbrun S, Janvier K, Berlioz-Torrent C. ATG5 selectively engages virus-tethered BST2/tetherin in an LC3C-associated pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217451120. [PMID: 37155854 PMCID: PMC10193943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217451120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2)/tetherin is a restriction factor that reduces HIV-1 dissemination by tethering virus at the cell surface. BST2 also acts as a sensor of HIV-1 budding, establishing a cellular antiviral state. The HIV-1 Vpu protein antagonizes BST2 antiviral functions via multiple mechanisms, including the subversion of an LC3C-associated pathway, a key cell intrinsic antimicrobial mechanism. Here, we describe the first step of this viral-induced LC3C-associated process. This process is initiated at the plasma membrane through the recognition and internalization of virus-tethered BST2 by ATG5, an autophagy protein. ATG5 and BST2 assemble as a complex, independently of the viral protein Vpu and ahead of the recruitment of the ATG protein LC3C. The conjugation of ATG5 with ATG12 is dispensable for this interaction. ATG5 recognizes cysteine-linked homodimerized BST2 and specifically engages phosphorylated BST2 tethering viruses at the plasma membrane, in an LC3C-associated pathway. We also found that this LC3C-associated pathway is used by Vpu to attenuate the inflammatory responses mediated by virion retention. Overall, we highlight that by targeting BST2 tethering viruses, ATG5 acts as a signaling scaffold to trigger an LC3C-associated pathway induced by HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Judith
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Margaux Versapuech
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Bejjani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Marjory Palaric
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Pauline Verlhac
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Aurelia Kuster
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | - Leslie Lepont
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
| | | | - Katy Janvier
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014Paris, France
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10
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Le Turnier P, Tattevin P, Varon E, Duval X. Empirical Treatment in Acute Bacterial Meningitis: a Plea for High Doses of Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0001223. [PMID: 36880753 PMCID: PMC10112264 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00012-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Turnier
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Pierre Tattevin
- Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
- ESCMID Study Group for Infectious Diseases of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Varon
- Centre National de Référence des Pneumocoques (CNRP), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Biologique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Duval
- Inserm CIC 1425, Centre d’Investigation Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, Paris, France
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11
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Znaidia M, de Souza-Angelo Y, Létoffé S, Staropoli I, Grzelak L, Ghigo JM, Schwartz O, Casartelli N. Exposure to Secreted Bacterial Factors Promotes HIV-1 Replication in CD4 + T Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0431322. [PMID: 36853052 PMCID: PMC10100953 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04313-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial translocation is associated with systemic immune activation in HIV-1 disease. Circulating T cells can encounter microbial products in the bloodstream and lymph nodes, where viral replication takes place. The mechanisms by which bacteria contribute to HIV-associated pathogenesis are not completely deciphered. Here, we examined how bacteria may impact T cell function and viral replication. We established cocultures between a panel of live bacteria and uninfected or HIV-1-infected activated peripheral blood CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells. We show that some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, sustain lymphocyte activation and enhance HIV-1 replication. Bacteria secrete soluble factors that upregulate CD25 and ICAM-1 cell surface levels and activate NF-κB nuclear translocation. Our data also demonstrate that CD25 polarizes at the virological synapse, suggesting a previously unappreciated role of CD25 during viral replication. These findings highlight how interactions between bacterial factors and T cells may promote T cell activation and HIV-1 replication. IMPORTANCE People living with HIV suffer from chronic immune activation despite effective antiretroviral therapy. Early after infection, HIV-1 actively replicates in the gut, causing the breakage of the intestinal epithelial barrier and microbial translocation. Microbial translocation and chronic immune activation have been proven linked; however, gaps in our knowledge on how bacteria contribute to the development of HIV-related diseases remain. Whether T cells in the peripheral blood react to bacterial products and how this affects viral replication are unknown. We show that some bacteria enriched in people living with HIV activate T cells and favor HIV-1's spread. Bacteria release soluble factors that cause the overexpression of cellular molecules related to their activation state. T cells overexpressing these molecules also replicate HIV-1 more efficiently. These results help us learn more about how HIV-1, T cells, and bacteria interact with each other, as well as the mechanisms behind chronic immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Znaidia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Y. de Souza-Angelo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - S. Létoffé
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - I. Staropoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - L. Grzelak
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - J. M. Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - O. Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - N. Casartelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
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12
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Rensen E, Mueller F, Scoca V, Parmar JJ, Souque P, Zimmer C, Di Nunzio F. Clustering and reverse transcription of HIV-1 genomes in nuclear niches of macrophages. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105247. [PMID: 33270250 PMCID: PMC7780146 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to replicate, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) reverse-transcribes its RNA genome into DNA, which subsequently integrates into host cell chromosomes. These two key events of the viral life cycle are commonly viewed as separate not only in time, but also in cellular space, since reverse transcription (RT) is thought to be completed in the cytoplasm before nuclear import and integration. However, the spatiotemporal organization of the early viral replication cycle in macrophages, the natural non-dividing target cells that constitute reservoirs of HIV-1 and an obstacle to curing AIDS, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that infected macrophages display large nuclear foci of viral DNA (vDNA) and viral RNA, in which multiple viral genomes cluster together. These clusters form in the absence of chromosomal integration, sequester the paraspeckle protein CPSF6, and localize to nuclear speckles. Surprisingly, these viral RNA clusters consist mostly of genomic, incoming RNA, both in cells where reverse transcription is pharmacologically suppressed and in untreated cells. We demonstrate that following temporary inhibition, reverse transcription can resume in the nucleus and lead to vDNA accumulation in these clusters. We further show that nuclear reverse transcription can result in transcription-competent viral DNA. These findings change our understanding of the early HIV-1 replication cycle and may have implications for addressing HIV-1 persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rensen
- Imaging and Modeling UnitInstitut PasteurUMR 3691 CNRSC3BI USR 3756 IP CNRSParisFrance
- Molecular Virology and VaccinologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Florian Mueller
- Imaging and Modeling UnitInstitut PasteurUMR 3691 CNRSC3BI USR 3756 IP CNRSParisFrance
| | - Viviana Scoca
- Molecular Virology and VaccinologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Jyotsana J Parmar
- Imaging and Modeling UnitInstitut PasteurUMR 3691 CNRSC3BI USR 3756 IP CNRSParisFrance
| | - Philippe Souque
- Molecular Virology and VaccinologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Christophe Zimmer
- Imaging and Modeling UnitInstitut PasteurUMR 3691 CNRSC3BI USR 3756 IP CNRSParisFrance
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13
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Buchrieser J, Dufloo J, Hubert M, Monel B, Planas D, Rajah MM, Planchais C, Porrot F, Guivel‐Benhassine F, Van der Werf S, Casartelli N, Mouquet H, Bruel T, Schwartz O. Syncytia formation by SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e106267. [PMID: 33051876 PMCID: PMC7646020 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with extensive lung damage and the presence of infected multinucleated syncytial pneumocytes. The viral and cellular mechanisms regulating the formation of these syncytia are not well understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2-infected cells express the Spike protein (S) at their surface and fuse with ACE2-positive neighboring cells. Expression of S without any other viral proteins triggers syncytia formation. Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), a family of restriction factors that block the entry of many viruses, inhibit S-mediated fusion, with IFITM1 being more active than IFITM2 and IFITM3. On the contrary, the TMPRSS2 serine protease, which is known to enhance infectivity of cell-free virions, processes both S and ACE2 and increases syncytia formation by accelerating the fusion process. TMPRSS2 thwarts the antiviral effect of IFITMs. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 pathological effects are modulated by cellular proteins that either inhibit or facilitate syncytia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Buchrieser
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
| | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
- Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSPC)Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Mathieu Hubert
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
| | - Blandine Monel
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
| | - Delphine Planas
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
- Vaccine Research InstituteCréteilFrance
| | - Maaran Michael Rajah
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
- Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité (BioSPC)Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Laboratory of Humoral ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyInstitut PasteurINSERM U1222ParisFrance
| | - Françoise Porrot
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
| | | | - Sylvie Van der Werf
- Molecular Genetics of RNA VirusesDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurCNRS UMR 3569Université de ParisParisFrance
- National Reference Center for Respiratory VirusesInstitut PasteurParisFrance
| | - Nicoletta Casartelli
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Laboratory of Humoral ImmunologyDepartment of ImmunologyInstitut PasteurINSERM U1222ParisFrance
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity UnitDepartment of VirologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance
- CNRS‐UMR3569ParisFrance
- Vaccine Research InstituteCréteilFrance
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14
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Mahé D, Matusali G, Deleage C, Alvarenga RLLS, Satie AP, Pagliuzza A, Mathieu R, Lavoué S, Jégou B, de França LR, Chomont N, Houzet L, Rolland AD, Dejucq-Rainsford N. Potential for Virus Endogenization in Humans through Testicular Germ Cell Infection: the Case of HIV. J Virol 2020; 94:e01145-20. [PMID: 32999017 PMCID: PMC7925188 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01145-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have colonized the germ line of our ancestors on several occasions during evolution, leading to the integration in the human genome of viral sequences from over 30 retroviral groups and a few nonretroviruses. Among the recently emerged viruses infecting humans, several target the testis (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], Zika virus, and Ebola virus). Here, we aimed to investigate whether human testicular germ cells (TGCs) can support integration by HIV, a contemporary retrovirus that started to spread in the human population during the last century. We report that albeit alternative receptors enabled HIV-1 binding to TGCs, HIV virions failed to infect TGCs in vitro Nevertheless, exposure of TGCs to infected lymphocytes, naturally present in the testis from HIV+ men, led to HIV-1 entry, integration, and early protein expression. Similarly, cell-associated infection or bypassing viral entry led to HIV-1 integration in a spermatogonial cell line. Using DNAscope, HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) DNA were detected within a few TGCs in the testis from one infected patient, one rhesus macaque, and one African green monkey in vivo Molecular landscape analysis revealed that early TGCs were enriched in HIV early cofactors up to integration and had overall low antiviral defenses compared with testicular macrophages and Sertoli cells. In conclusion, our study reveals that TGCs can support the entry and integration of HIV upon cell-associated infection. This could represent a way for this contemporary virus to integrate into our germ line and become endogenous in the future, as happened during human evolution for a number of viruses.IMPORTANCE Viruses have colonized the host germ line on many occasions during evolution to eventually become endogenous. Here, we aimed at investigating whether human testicular germ cells (TGCs) can support such viral invasion by studying HIV interactions with TGCs in vitro Our results indicate that isolated primary TGCs express alternative HIV-1 receptors, allowing virion binding but not entry. However, HIV-1 entered and integrated into TGCs upon cell-associated infection and produced low levels of viral proteins. In vivo, HIV-1 and SIV DNA was detected in a few TGCs. Molecular landscape analysis showed that TGCs have overall weak antiviral defenses. Altogether, our results indicate that human TGCs can support HIV-1 early replication, including integration, suggesting potential for endogenization in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mahé
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Deleage
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Raquel L L S Alvarenga
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anne-Pascale Satie
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Mathieu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pontchaillou, Service Urologie, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Lavoué
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pontchaillou, Centre de Coordination des Prélèvements, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Jégou
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Luiz R de França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, and Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Houzet
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Antoine D Rolland
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Dejucq-Rainsford
- Université Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S1085, Rennes, France
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Mikhailova A, Valle-Casuso JC, David A, Monceaux V, Volant S, Passaes C, Elfidha A, Müller-Trutwin M, Poyet JL, Sáez-Cirión A. Antiapoptotic Clone 11-Derived Peptides Induce In Vitro Death of CD4 + T Cells Susceptible to HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:e00611-20. [PMID: 32350074 PMCID: PMC7343195 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00611-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 successfully establishes long-term infection in its target cells despite viral cytotoxic effects. We have recently shown that cell metabolism is an important factor driving CD4+ T cell susceptibility to HIV-1 and the survival of infected cells. We show here that expression of antiapoptotic clone 11 (AAC-11), an antiapoptotic factor upregulated in many cancers, increased with progressive CD4+ T cell memory differentiation in association with the expression of cell cycle, activation, and metabolism genes and was correlated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Synthetic peptides based on the LZ domain sequence of AAC-11, responsible for its interaction with molecular partners, were previously shown to be cytotoxic to cancer cells. Here, we observed that these peptides also blocked HIV-1 infection by inducing the death of HIV-1-susceptible primary CD4+ T cells across all T cell subsets. The peptides targeted metabolically active cells and had the greatest effect on effector and transitional CD4+ T cell memory subsets. Our results suggest that the AAC-11 survival pathway is potentially involved in the survival of HIV-1-infectible cells and provide proof of principle that some cellular characteristics can be targeted to eliminate the cells offering the best conditions to sustain HIV-1 replication.IMPORTANCE Although antiretroviral treatment efficiently blocks HIV multiplication, it cannot eliminate cells already carrying integrated proviruses. In the search for an HIV cure, the identification of new potential targets to selectively eliminate infected cells is of the outmost importance. We show here that peptides derived from antiapoptotic clone 11 (AAC-11), whose expression levels correlated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of CD4+ T cells, induced cytotoxicity in CD4+ T cells showing the highest levels of activation and metabolic activity, conditions known to favor HIV-1 infection. Accordingly, CD4+ T cells that survived the cytotoxic action of the AAC-11 peptides were resistant to HIV-1 replication. Our results identify a new potential molecular pathway to target HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Mikhailova
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Annie David
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Monceaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Passaes
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Amal Elfidha
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- INSERM UMRS976, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
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Moustafa RI, Haddad JG, Linna L, Hanoulle X, Descamps V, Mesalam AA, Baumert TF, Duverlie G, Meuleman P, Dubuisson J, Lavie M. Functional Study of the C-Terminal Part of the Hepatitis C Virus E1 Ectodomain. J Virol 2018; 92:e00939-18. [PMID: 30068644 PMCID: PMC6158422 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00939-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, which form a heterodimer, E2 is the receptor binding protein and the major target of neutralizing antibodies, whereas the function of E1 remains less characterized. To investigate E1 functions, we generated a series of mutants in the conserved residues of the C-terminal region of the E1 ectodomain in the context of an infectious clone. We focused our analyses on two regions of interest. The first region is located in the middle of the E1 glycoprotein (between amino acid [aa] 270 and aa 291), which contains a conserved hydrophobic sequence and was proposed to constitute a putative fusion peptide. The second series of mutants was generated in the region from aa 314 to aa 342 (the aa314-342 region), which has been shown to contain two α helices (α2 and α3) by nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Of the 22 generated mutants, 20 were either attenuated or noninfectious. Several mutations modulated the virus's dependence on claudin-1 and the scavenger receptor BI coreceptors for entry. Most of the mutations in the putative fusion peptide region affected virus assembly. Conversely, mutations in the α-helix aa 315 to 324 (315-324) residues M318, W320, D321, and M322 resulted in a complete loss of infectivity without any impact on E1E2 folding and on viral assembly. Further characterization of the W320A mutant in the HCVpp model indicated that the loss of infectivity was due to a defect in viral entry. Together, these results support a role for E1 in modulating HCV interaction with its coreceptors and in HCV assembly. They also highlight the involvement of α-helix 315-324 in a late step of HCV entry.IMPORTANCE HCV is a major public health problem worldwide. The virion harbors two envelope proteins, E1 and E2, which are involved at different steps of the viral life cycle. Whereas E2 has been extensively characterized, the function of E1 remains poorly defined. We characterized here the function of the putative fusion peptide and the region containing α helices of the E1 ectodomain, which had been previously suggested to be important for virus entry. We could confirm the importance of these regions for the virus infectivity. Interestingly, we found several residues modulating the virus's dependence on several HCV receptors, thus highlighting the role of E1 in the interaction of the virus with cellular receptors. Whereas mutations in the putative fusion peptide affected HCV infectivity and morphogenesis, several mutations in the α2-helix region led to a loss of infectivity with no effect on assembly, indicating a role of this region in virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab I Moustafa
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL/Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Juliano G Haddad
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL/Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Liban
| | - Lydia Linna
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL/Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Descamps
- Equipe AGIR EA4294, Laboratoire de Virologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- INSERM, U1110, University of Strasbourg, Pôle Hépato-digestif-Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Duverlie
- Equipe AGIR EA4294, Laboratoire de Virologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL/Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Lavie
- University Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 8204-CIIL/Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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