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Binks SNM, Veldsman M, Handel AE, Jacob S, Maddison P, Coebergh J, Michael S, Ramanathan S, Easton A, Nissen MS, Leite MI, Okai D, Blaabjerg M, Husain M, Irani SR. Fatigue predicts quality of life after leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1-antibody encephalitis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:1053-1058. [PMID: 38303486 PMCID: PMC11021603 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient-reported quality-of-life (QoL) and carer impacts are not reported after leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1-antibody encephalitis (LGI1-Ab-E). From 60 patients, 85% (51 out of 60) showed one abnormal score across QoL assessments and 11 multimodal validated questionnaires. Compared to the premorbid state, QoL significantly deteriorated (p < 0.001) and, at a median of 41 months, fatigue was its most important predictor (p = 0.025). In total, 51% (26 out of 51) of carers reported significant burden. An abbreviated five-item battery explained most variance in QoL. Wide-ranging impacts post-LGI1-Ab-E include decreased QoL and high caregiver strain. We identify a rapid method to capture QoL in routine clinic or clinical trial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N. M. Binks
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxfordUK
- Department of NeurologyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Michele Veldsman
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Adam E. Handel
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxfordUK
- Department of NeurologyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Saiju Jacob
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Paul Maddison
- Department of Neurology, Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
| | - Jan Coebergh
- St Peter's HospitalAshford and St Peter's NHS Hospitals Foundation TrustChertseyUK
| | - Sophia Michael
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxfordUK
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Sudarshini Ramanathan
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxfordUK
- Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of NeurologyConcord HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ava Easton
- The Encephalitis Society32 Castlegate, MaltonNorth YorkshireYO17 7DTUK
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Mette Scheller Nissen
- Department of NeurologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDK‐5000Denmark
| | - Maria Isabel Leite
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxfordUK
- Department of NeurologyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - David Okai
- Neuropsychiatry DepartmentMaudsley Outpatients, Maudsley HospitalDenmark HillLondonSE5 8AZUK
| | - Morten Blaabjerg
- Department of NeurologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
- Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDK‐5000Denmark
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxfordUK
| | - Sarosh R. Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxfordUK
- Department of NeurologyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
- Departments of Neurology and NeurosciencesMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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Sun Z, Naismith SL, Meikle S, Calamante F. A novel method for PET connectomics guided by fibre-tracking MRI: Application to Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26659. [PMID: 38491564 PMCID: PMC10943179 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel brain connectome matrix, track-weighted PET connectivity (twPC) matrix, which combines positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data to compute a PET-weighted connectome at the individual subject level. The new method is applied to characterise connectivity changes in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. The proposed twPC samples PET tracer uptake guided by the underlying white matter fibre-tracking streamline point-to-point connectivity calculated from diffusion MRI (dMRI). Using tau-PET, dMRI and T1-weighted MRI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, structural connectivity (SC) and twPC matrices were computed and analysed using the network-based statistic (NBS) technique to examine topological alterations in early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), late MCI and AD participants. Correlation analysis was also performed to explore the coupling between SC and twPC. The NBS analysis revealed progressive topological alterations in both SC and twPC as cognitive decline progressed along the continuum. Compared to healthy controls, networks with decreased SC were identified in late MCI and AD, and networks with increased twPC were identified in early MCI, late MCI and AD. The altered network topologies were mostly different between twPC and SC, although with several common edges largely involving the bilateral hippocampus, fusiform gyrus and entorhinal cortex. Negative correlations were observed between twPC and SC across all subject groups, although displaying an overall reduction in the strength of anti-correlation with disease progression. twPC provides a new means for analysing subject-specific PET and MRI-derived information within a hybrid connectome using established network analysis methods, providing valuable insights into the relationship between structural connections and molecular distributions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: New method is proposed to compute patient-specific PET connectome guided by MRI fibre-tracking. Track-weighted PET connectivity (twPC) matrix allows to leverage PET and structural connectivity information. twPC was applied to dementia, to characterise the PET nework abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuopin Sun
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sharon L. Naismith
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Science, School of PsychologyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CenterThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Steven Meikle
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney ImagingThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Health SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fernando Calamante
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney ImagingThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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House E, Xu H, Taki S, Denney‐Wilson E, Baur L, Wen LM. Mothers' sociodemographic factors and use of health professionals for child feeding advice. Matern Child Nutr 2024; 20:e13586. [PMID: 37932246 PMCID: PMC10750020 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined sociodemographic factors associated with mothers seeking child feeding advice from health professionals (HPs). Cross-sectional analysis of survey data from linked randomized controlled trials was conducted. Surveys asked which sources of feeding information mothers used when their child was 6 months and 5 years old. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and use of information from HPs. Here, 947 and 405 mothers completed 6-month and 5-year surveys, respectively. At 6 months, multiparous mothers were less likely to seek advice from child and family health nurses (CFHNs) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.558, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.416-0.749) and other HPs (AOR: 0.706, 95% CI: 0.542-0.919), unmarried mothers were less likely to seek advice from other HPs (AOR: 0.582, 95% CI: 0.342-0.990). At 5 years, mothers with household income ≥$80,000 p.a. were less likely to seek advice from CFHNs (AOR: 0.514, 95% CI: 0.302-0.875) and working mothers less likely to seek advice from general practitioners (GPs) (AOR: 0.581, 95% CI: 0.374-0.905). Mothers born in Australia were less likely to seek information from CFHNs (AOR: 0.462, 95% CI: 0.257-0.833) and GPs (AOR: 0.431, 95% CI: 0.274-0.677). There was a greater likelihood that multiparous mothers (AOR: 2.114, 95% CI: 1.272-3.516) and mothers of children whose fathers had not attended university (AOR: 2.081, 95% CI: 1.256-3.449) had never sought advice from CFHNs, and that mothers who had not attended university (AOR: 1.769, 95% CI: 1.025-3.051), multiparous (AOR: 1.831, 95% CI: 1.105-3.035) and employed (AOR: 2.058, 95% CI: 1.135-3.733) mothers had never sought advice from other HPs. Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with seeking child feeding advice from HPs may inform priorities for engaging families in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve House
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH‐Translate)SydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Institute for WomenChildren and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Sydney Institute for WomenChildren and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
- Health Promotion UnitPopulation Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Sarah Taki
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH‐Translate)SydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Institute for WomenChildren and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
- Health Promotion UnitPopulation Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Elizabeth Denney‐Wilson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH‐Translate)SydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Institute for WomenChildren and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and MidwiferyFaculty of Medicine and Health, University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Louise Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH‐Translate)SydneyNSWAustralia
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent HealthSydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Li M. Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood (EPOCH‐Translate)SydneyNSWAustralia
- Sydney Institute for WomenChildren and Their Families, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
- Health Promotion UnitPopulation Health Research & Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health DistrictSydneyNSWAustralia
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Langford AV, Schneider CR, Lin CC, Bero L, Collins JC, Suckling B, Gnjidic D. Patient-targeted interventions for opioid deprescribing: An overview of systematic reviews. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 133:623-639. [PMID: 36808693 PMCID: PMC10953356 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deprescribing (reduction or cessation) of prescribed opioids can be challenging for both patients and healthcare professionals. OBJECTIVE To synthesize and evaluate evidence from systematic reviews examining the effectiveness and outcomes of patient-targeted opioid deprescribing interventions for all types of pain. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted in five databases with results screened against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were (i) reduction in opioid dose, reported as change in oral Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose (oMEDD) and (ii) success of opioid deprescribing, reported as the proportion of the sample for which opioid use declined. Secondary outcomes included pain severity, physical function, quality of life and adverse events. The certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. FINDINGS Twelve reviews were eligible for inclusion. Interventions were heterogeneous in nature and included pharmacological (n = 4), physical (n = 3), procedural (n = 3), psychological or behavioural (n = 3) and mixed (n = 5) interventions. Multidisciplinary care programmes appeared to be the most effective intervention for opioid deprescribing; however, the certainty of evidence was low, with significant variability in opioid reduction across interventions. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is too uncertain to draw firm conclusions about specific populations who may derive the greatest benefit from opioid deprescribing, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili V. Langford
- Centre for Medicine Use and SafetyMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Carl R. Schneider
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chung‐Wei Christine Lin
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lisa Bero
- School of Medicine, Colorado School of Public Health and Center for Bioethics and HumanitiesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CenterDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Jack C. Collins
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Benita Suckling
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Pharmacy DepartmentCaboolture Hospital, Queensland HealthBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Danijela Gnjidic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Al‐Rikaby A, Sulaiman A, Thompson JR, Saw RPM, Boyle F, Taylor N, Carlino MS, Morton RL, Nieweg OE, Thompson JF, Bartula I. Telehealth follow-up consultations for melanoma patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Patient and clinician satisfaction. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21373-21388. [PMID: 37930181 PMCID: PMC10726917 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic caused rapid implementation of telehealth for melanoma follow-up care in Australia. This study explores Australian melanoma patients and clinicians' level of satisfaction with telehealth. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted across three specialist melanoma centres in Sydney, Australia. Melanoma patients (all stages) and clinicians completed mixed methods surveys seeking socio-demographic and clinical information and questionnaires to assess satisfaction with telehealth. Additionally, patients completed measures of quality of life, fear of cancer recurrence and trust in their oncologist. Patients and clinicians provided open-ended responses to qualitative questions about their perceptions of telehealth. RESULTS One hundred and fifteen patients and 13 clinicians responded to surveys. Telephone was used by 109 (95%) patients and 11 (85%) clinicians. Fifty-seven (50%) patients and nine (69%) clinicians preferred face-to-face consultations, 38 (33%) patients and 3 (23%) clinicians preferred a combination of face-to-face and telehealth consultations. Five (4%) patients and nil clinicians preferred telehealth consultations. Patients diagnosed with early-stage melanoma, using telehealth for the first time, who have lower trust in their oncologist, and having higher care delivery, communication and supportive care concerns were likely to report lower satisfaction with telehealth. Open-ended responses were consistent between patients and clinicians, who reported safety, convenience and improved access to care as major benefits, while identifying personal, interpersonal, clinical and system-related disadvantages. DISCUSSION While telehealth has been widely implemented during COVID-19, the benefits identified by patients and clinicians may extend past the pandemic. Telehealth may be considered for use in conjunction with face-to-face consultations to provide melanoma follow-up care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al‐Rikaby
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ahmad Sulaiman
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jake R. Thompson
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robyn P. M. Saw
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical OncologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Frances Boyle
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Patricia Ritchie Centre for Cancer Care and ResearchMater HospitalNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicole Taylor
- Department of Medical OncologyWestmead and Blacktown HospitalsSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Matteo S. Carlino
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Medical OncologyWestmead and Blacktown HospitalsSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rachael L. Morton
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdown, SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Omgo E. Nieweg
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical OncologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John F. Thompson
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Melanoma and Surgical OncologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Iris Bartula
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneyNorth SydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Yuan Y, Han Y, Yap CW, Kochhar JS, Li H, Xiang X, Kang L. Prediction of drug permeation through microneedled skin by machine learning. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10512. [PMID: 38023708 PMCID: PMC10658566 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin preventing external substances from entering human body. Microneedles (MNs) are sharp protrusions of a few hundred microns in length, which can penetrate the stratum corneum to facilitate drug permeation through skin. To determine the amount of drug delivered through skin, in vitro drug permeation testing is commonly used, but the testing is costly and time-consuming. To address this issue, machine learning methods were employed to predict drug permeation through the skin, circumventing the need of conducting skin permeation experiments. By comparing the experimental data and simulated results, it was found extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was the best among the four simulation methods. It was also found that drug loading, permeation time, and MN surface area were critical parameters in the models. In conclusion, machine learning is useful to predict drug permeation profiles for MN-facilitated transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
| | - Yiting Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health677 Huntington AvenueBostonMassachusetts02115USA
| | - Chun Wei Yap
- National Healthcare Group1 Fusionopolis LinkSingapore138542Singapore
| | | | - Hairui Li
- MGI Tech21 Biopolis Road, NucleosSingapore138567Singapore
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
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Low L, Barcenilla‐Wong A, Fitzpatrick M, Swaffer K, Brodaty H, Hancock N, McLoughlin J, Naismith S. Dementia lifestyle coach pilot program. Australas J Ageing 2023; 42:508-516. [PMID: 36546406 PMCID: PMC10946602 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to conduct a feasibility pilot of the Dementia Lifestyle Coach program; an individual coaching and counselling program for people recently diagnosed with dementia, to help them to adjust to the diagnosis and live well. METHODS A randomised controlled pilot trial (n = 11) with wait-list control group was undertaken over 12 months. Intervention group participants received immediate personalised counselling from a registered psychologist and monthly support (face-to-face or by telephone) from a trained peer mentor living with dementia. The wait-listed control group commenced treatment 6 months after baseline. RESULTS Recruitment and delivery of the Dementia Lifestyle Coach program was highly feasible. The program was acceptable, with nine of the 11 participants describing benefits including informational and emotional support, improving their outlook and mood, and family relationships. The planned program was adapted to participants' individual needs. CONCLUSIONS This small pilot showed that it is feasible to recruit for and deliver a counselling and peer mentoring program for people recently diagnosed with dementia. A larger hybrid implementation randomised control trial should be conducted to evaluate efficacy and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee‐Fay Low
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Michael Fitzpatrick
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kate Swaffer
- Dementia Alliance InternationalBellaireTexasUSA
- The University of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain AgeingUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicola Hancock
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James McLoughlin
- College of Nursing and Health SciencesFlinders UniversityAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sharon Naismith
- Charles Perkins Centre, Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Cant J, Reimer JD, Sommer B, Cook KM, Kim SW, Sims CA, Mezaki T, O'Flaherty C, Brooks M, Malcolm HA, Pandolfi JM, Salguero‐Gómez R, Beger M. Coral assemblages at higher latitudes favor short-term potential over long-term performance. Ecology 2023; 104:e4138. [PMID: 37458125 PMCID: PMC10909567 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The persistent exposure of coral assemblages to more variable abiotic regimes is assumed to augment their resilience to future climatic variability. Yet, while the determinants of coral population resilience across species remain unknown, we are unable to predict the winners and losers across reef ecosystems exposed to increasingly variable conditions. Using annual surveys of 3171 coral individuals across Australia and Japan (2016-2019), we explore spatial variation across the short- and long-term dynamics of competitive, stress-tolerant, and weedy assemblages to evaluate how abiotic variability mediates the structural composition of coral assemblages. We illustrate how, by promoting short-term potential over long-term performance, coral assemblages can reduce their vulnerability to stochastic environments. However, compared to stress-tolerant, and weedy assemblages, competitive coral taxa display a reduced capacity for elevating their short-term potential. Accordingly, future climatic shifts threaten the structural complexity of coral assemblages in variable environments, emulating the degradation expected across global tropical reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cant
- Centre for Biological DiversityUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - James D. Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology LaboratoryGraduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
- Tropical Biosphere Research CentreUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life and Environmental ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Katie M. Cook
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Sun W. Kim
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Carrie A. Sims
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanama CityRepublic of Panama
| | - Takuma Mezaki
- Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, Nishidomari, Otsuki‐choKochiJapan
| | | | - Maxime Brooks
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Hamish A. Malcolm
- Fisheries Research, Department of Primary IndustriesCoffs HarbourNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Roberto Salguero‐Gómez
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic ResearchRostockGermany
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Georgiades MJ, Shine JM, Gilat M, McMaster J, Owler B, Mahant N, Lewis SJ. Subthalamic Nucleus Activity during Cognitive Load and Gait Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1549-1554. [PMID: 37226972 PMCID: PMC10946988 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait freezing is a common, disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease characterized by sudden motor arrest during walking. Adaptive deep brain stimulation devices that detect freezing and deliver real-time, symptom-specific stimulation are a potential treatment strategy. Real-time alterations in subthalamic nucleus firing patterns have been demonstrated with lower limb freezing, however, whether similar abnormal signatures occur with freezing provoked by cognitive load, is unknown. METHODS We obtained subthalamic nucleus microelectrode recordings from eight Parkinson's disease patients performing a validated virtual reality gait task, requiring responses to on-screen cognitive cues while maintaining motor output. RESULTS Signal analysis during 15 trials containing freezing or significant motor output slowing precipitated by dual-tasking demonstrated reduced θ frequency (3-8 Hz) firing compared to 18 unaffected trials. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results reveal a potential neurobiological basis for the interplay between cognitive factors and gait disturbances including freezing in Parkinson's disease, informing development of adaptive deep brain stimulation protocols. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Georgiades
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - James M. Shine
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Moran Gilat
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation SciencesNeurorehabilitation Research Group (eNRGy)Belgium
| | | | - Brian Owler
- Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Westmead Private HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Neil Mahant
- Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Westmead Private HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simon J.G. Lewis
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Medical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Ojeda JJ, Islam MR, Correa-Luna M, Gargiulo JI, Clark CEF, Rotili DH, Garcia SC. Field and in-silico analysis of harvest index variability in maize silage. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1206535. [PMID: 37404539 PMCID: PMC10316513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize silage is a key component of feed rations in dairy systems due to its high forage and grain yield, water use efficiency, and energy content. However, maize silage nutritive value can be compromised by in-season changes during crop development due to changes in plant partitioning between grain and other biomass fractions. The partitioning to grain (harvest index, HI) is affected by the interactions between genotype (G) × environment (E) × management (M). Thus, modelling tools could assist in accurately predicting changes during the in-season crop partitioning and composition and, from these, the HI of maize silage. Our objectives were to (i) identify the main drivers of grain yield and HI variability, (ii) calibrate the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) to estimate crop growth, development, and plant partitioning using detailed experimental field data, and (iii) explore the main sources of HI variance in a wide range of G × E × M combinations. Nitrogen (N) rates, sowing date, harvest date, plant density, irrigation rates, and genotype data were used from four field experiments to assess the main drivers of HI variability and to calibrate the maize crop module in APSIM. Then, the model was run for a complete range of G × E × M combinations across 50 years. Experimental data demonstrated that the main drivers of observed HI variability were genotype and water status. The model accurately simulated phenology [leaf number and canopy green cover; Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC)=0.79-0.97, and Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE)=13%] and crop growth (total aboveground biomass, grain + cob, leaf, and stover weight; CCC=0.86-0.94 and RMSPE=23-39%). In addition, for HI, CCC was high (0.78) with an RMSPE of 12%. The long-term scenario analysis exercise showed that genotype and N rate contributed to 44% and 36% of the HI variance. Our study demonstrated that APSIM is a suitable tool to estimate maize HI as one potential proxy of silage quality. The calibrated APSIM model can now be used to compare the inter-annual variability of HI for maize forage crops based on G × E × M interactions. Therefore, the model provides new knowledge to (potentially) improve maize silage nutritive value and aid genotype selection and harvest timing decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jesus Ojeda
- Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - M. Rafiq Islam
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Correa-Luna
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Cameron Edward Fisher Clark
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Diego Hernán Rotili
- Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Carlos Garcia
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
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Burns C, Yeates L, Sweeting J, Semsarian C, Ingles J. Evaluating a communication aid for return of genetic results in families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A randomized controlled trial. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:425-434. [PMID: 36385718 PMCID: PMC10946474 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is considered a key aspect of management. Communication of genetic test results to the proband and their family members, can be a barrier to effective uptake. We hypothesized that a communication aid would facilitate effective communication, and sought to evaluate knowledge and communication of HCM risk to at-risk relatives. This was a prospective randomized controlled trial. Consecutive HCM patients attending a specialized clinic, who agreed to participate, were randomized to the intervention or current clinical practice. The intervention consisted of a genetic counselor-led appointment, separate to their clinical cardiology review, and guided by a communication booklet which could be written in and taken home. Current clinical practice was defined as the return of the genetic result by a genetic counselor and cardiologist, often as part of a clinical cardiology review. The primary outcome was the ability and confidence of the individual to communicate genetic results to at-risk relatives. The a priori outcome of improved communication among HCM families did not show statistically significant differences between the control and intervention group, though the majority of probands in the intervention group achieved fair communication (n = 13/22) and had higher genetic knowledge scores than those in the control group (7 ± 3 versus 6 ± 3). A total of 29% of at-risk relatives were not informed of a genetic result in their family. Communication among HCM families remains challenging, with nearly a third of at-risk relatives not informed of a genetic result. We show a significant gap in the current approach to supporting family communication about genetics. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000706370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Burns
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Laura Yeates
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Joanna Sweeting
- Cardio Genomics Program at Centenary InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia
- Cardio Genomics Program at Centenary InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
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Partridge SR, Reece L, Sim KA, Todd A, Jia SS, Raeside R, Schirmer T, Phongsavan P, Redfern J. An analysis of current obesity strategies for adolescents in NSW against best practice recommendations: Implications for researchers, policymakers and practitioners. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:390-397. [PMID: 35411703 PMCID: PMC10946797 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Obesity is a significant health challenge facing adolescents. There is a critical need for government action to support all adolescents to improve risk factors for obesity. This study critically appraised initiatives, guidelines and policies (termed "strategies") from local health districts (LHDs), speciality health networks and Primary Health Networks (PHNs) across New South Wales (NSW), relevant to the prevention and management of obesity amongst adolescents and compare these to best practice recommendations. METHODS We critically appraised strategies against best practice recommendations that included support, access, responsiveness to needs, supportive environment, monitoring and evaluation and health equity. Strategies were collected by systematically searching websites of 15 LHDs, one speciality health network and 10 PHNs. RESULTS There was evidence of strategies regarding adolescent obesity prevention and management across all best practice recommendations. There was limited evidence of adolescent consumer participation, digital strategies for health services and online health information. There were minimal targeted public or school-based education campaigns and interventions on physical activity or nutrition. Place-based approaches such as sports and recreation facilities were not included in policies regarding the sale of healthy food and drinks. Evaluation evidence across all strategies was minimal. CONCLUSIONS Numerous strategies are being implemented across NSW to address adolescent obesity. Despite this, the alignment of strategies with best practice recommendations is poor and evidence of progress in tackling adolescent obesity remains unclear. SO WHAT?: Opportunities to generate and translate best practice evidence within government strategies for obesity must be prioritised with embedded measurement and evaluation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R. Partridge
- Engagement and Co‐design Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Lindsey Reece
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kyra A. Sim
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Local Health DistrictCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Allyson Todd
- Engagement and Co‐design Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Si Si Jia
- Engagement and Co‐design Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rebecca Raeside
- Engagement and Co‐design Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Teisha Schirmer
- Mid North Coast Local Health DistrictPort MacquarieNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Julie Redfern
- Engagement and Co‐design Hub, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- The George Institute for Global HealthThe University of New South WalesCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
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Todd G, Rae CD, Taylor JL, Rogasch NC, Butler JE, Hayes M, Wilcox RA, Gandevia SC, Aoun K, Esterman A, Lewis SJG, Hall JM, Matar E, Godau J, Berg D, Plewnia C, von Thaler A, Chiang C, Double KL. Motor cortical excitability and pre-supplementary motor area neurochemistry in healthy adults with substantia nigra hyperechogenicity. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:263-277. [PMID: 36353842 PMCID: PMC10952673 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Substantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity, viewed with transcranial ultrasound, is a risk marker for Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that SN hyperechogenicity in healthy adults aged 50-70 years is associated with reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex, and that the reduced intracortical inhibition is associated with neurochemical markers of activity in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in primary motor cortex was assessed with paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in 23 healthy adults with normal (n = 14; 61 ± 7 yrs) or abnormally enlarged (hyperechogenic; n = 9; 60 ± 6 yrs) area of SN echogenicity. Thirteen of these participants (7 SN- and 6 SN+) also underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate pre-SMA neurochemistry. There was no relationship between area of SN echogenicity and short-interval intracortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex. There was a significant positive relationship, however, between area of echogenicity in the right SN and the magnitude of intracortical facilitation in the right (ipsilateral) primary motor cortex (p = .005; multivariate regression), evidenced by the amplitude of the conditioned motor evoked potential (MEP) at the 10-12 ms interstimulus interval. This relationship was not present on the left side. Pre-SMA glutamate did not predict primary motor cortex inhibition or facilitation. The results suggest that SN hyperechogenicity in healthy older adults may be associated with changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry. The results advance understanding of brain changes in healthy older adults at risk of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Todd
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Caroline D. Rae
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Janet L. Taylor
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Nigel C. Rogasch
- Hopwood Centre for NeurobiologySouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jane E. Butler
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael Hayes
- Department of NeurologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Robert A. Wilcox
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyFlinders Medical CentreBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Simon C. Gandevia
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Karl Aoun
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience)The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Simon J. G. Lewis
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Julie M. Hall
- Department of Experimental PsychologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Elie Matar
- ForeFront Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jana Godau
- Department of NeurologyKlinikum Kassel GmbHKasselGermany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, UKSH, Campus KielChristian‐Albrechts‐UniversityKielGermany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional NeuropsychiatryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | - Clarence Chiang
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kay L. Double
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Brain and Mind Centre and School of Medical Sciences (Neuroscience)The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Soler N, Cordier R, Perkes IE, Dale RC, Bray P. Proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:185-199. [PMID: 35906897 PMCID: PMC10952264 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the quality and utility of proxy-reported sensory measures for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, movement disorders, and intellectual disability). METHOD We systematically searched 11 databases. We applied the updated Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist and criteria for good measurement properties to evaluate instrument development and psychometric properties. Findings were summarized using a COSMIN adaptation of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. RESULTS From 11 databases, 6748 articles were screened. Ninety-one full-length articles were reviewed after removing excluded studies and manual searches conducted by two reviewers. Data were extracted for 12 measures from 20 articles. Of the 12 measures, only three provided sufficient data to evaluate content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire-Home (PSEQ-H) was the only measure that satisfied moderate content validity and moderate-to-high quality for measurement properties. These properties included: structural validity, hypothesis testing for construct validity, internal consistency, reliability, and measurement error. INTERPRETATION One measure, the PSEQ-H, met eight criteria for good measurement properties. To facilitate evidence-informed clinical decision-making, all psychometric properties of all 12 sensory-based, proxy-reported measures were presented. The importance of consumer engagement in measure development and the need for ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Three measures provided studies on content validity and psychometric measurement properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire-Home had moderate quality for content validity studies and high-to-moderate quality evidence for psychometric properties. The Participation and Sensory Environment Questionnaire was the only measure that included consumer involvement through qualitative interviews and pilot testing. Consumer involvement in measure development is important for content validity. Ongoing evaluation of measures against contemporaneous standards is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Soler
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Reinie Cordier
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthWAAustralia
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community WellbeingNorthumbria UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Iain E. Perkes
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Discipline of Psychiatry & Mental Health and Discipline of Paediatrics & Children’s Health, School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South Wales Medicine & Health, University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNSWAustralia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, and Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Paula Bray
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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Scheffer IE, Bennett CA, Gill D, de Silva MG, Boggs K, Marum J, Baker N, Palmer EE, Howell KB. Exome sequencing for patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in clinical practice. Dev Med Child Neurol 2023; 65:50-57. [PMID: 35701389 PMCID: PMC10952465 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the clinical utility of exome sequencing for patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). METHOD Over 2 years, patients with DEEs were recruited for singleton exome sequencing. Parental segregation was performed where indicated. RESULTS Of the 103 patients recruited (54 males, 49 females; aged 2 weeks-17 years), the genetic aetiology was identified in 36 out of 103 (35%) with management implications in 13 out of 36. Exome sequencing revealed pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 30 out of 103 (29%) patients, variants of unknown significance in 39 out of 103 (38%), and 34 out of 103 (33%) were negative on exome analysis. After the description of new genetic diseases, a molecular diagnosis was subsequently made for six patients or through newly available high-density chromosomal microarray testing. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate the utility of exome sequencing in routine clinical care of children with DEEs. We highlight that molecular diagnosis often leads to changes in management and informs accurate prognostic and reproductive counselling. Our findings reinforce the need for ongoing analysis of genomic data to identify the aetiology in patients in whom the cause is unknown. The implementation of genomic testing in the care of children with DEEs should become routine in clinical practice. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS The cause was identified in 35% of patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. KCNQ2, CDKL5, SCN1A, and STXBP1 were the most frequently identified genes. Reanalysis of genomic data found the cause in an additional six patients. Genetic aetiology was identified in 41% of children with seizure onset under 2 years, compared to 18% with older onset. Finding the molecular cause led to management changes in 36% of patients with DEEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid E. Scheffer
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin HealthThe University of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoria
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneVictoria
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthHeidelbergVictoria
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoria
| | - Caitlin A. Bennett
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin HealthThe University of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoria
| | - Deepak Gill
- TY Nelson Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadNew South Wales
| | - Michelle G. de Silva
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoria
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceMelbourne
| | - Kirsten Boggs
- Australian Genomics Health AllianceMelbourne
- Sydney Children's Hospitals NetworkSydney
| | - Justine Marum
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoria
| | - Naomi Baker
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneVictoria
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoria
| | | | - Katherine B. Howell
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneVictoria
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoria
- Department of NeurologyThe Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Katzeff JS, Lok HC, Bhatia S, Fu Y, Halliday GM, Kim WS. ATP-binding cassette transporter expression is widely dysregulated in frontotemporal dementia with TDP-43 inclusions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1043127. [PMID: 36385764 PMCID: PMC9663841 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1043127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is highly enriched in lipids and increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of lipids in the brain is associated with neurodegeneration. ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA) transporters control the movement of lipids across cellular membranes and are implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, very little is known about the role of ABCA transporters in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP), which is a common form of younger-onset dementia. We therefore undertook a comprehensive analysis of the expression of ABCA transporters (ABCA1-13) in five key brain regions (amygdala, inferior temporal cortex, superior frontal cortex, cerebellum and parietal cortex) in FTLD-TDP and controls. We found that the expression of ABCA2, ABCA3, ABCA4, ABCA7, ABCA9, ABCA10 and ABCA13 was significantly altered in FTLD-TDP in a region-specific manner. In addition, the expression of ABCA transporters correlated specifically to different neural markers and TARDBP. These results suggest substantial dysregulation of ABCA transporters and lipid metabolism in FTLD-TDP and these changes are associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ashton MK, Rueda AVL, Ho AM, Noor Aizin NABM, Sharma H, Dodd PR, Stadlin A, Camarini R. Sex differences in GABA A receptor subunit transcript expression are mediated by genotype in subjects with alcohol-related cirrhosis of the liver. Genes Brain Behav 2022; 21:e12785. [PMID: 35301805 PMCID: PMC9744570 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Male and female human subjects show contrasting propensities to misuse drugs of addiction, including alcohol. These differences lead to different psychological and neurological consequences, such as the likelihood of developing dependence. The pattern and extent of brain damage in alcohol-use disorder cases also varies with comorbid disease. To explore mechanisms that might underlie these outcomes, we used autopsy tissue to determine mRNA transcript expression in relation to genotype for two GABAA receptor subunit genes. We used quantitative Real-Time PCR to measure GABRA6 and GABRA2 mRNA concentrations in dorsolateral prefrontal and primary motor cortices of alcohol-use disorder subjects and controls of both sexes with and without liver disease who had been genotyped for these GABAA receptor subunit genes. Cirrhotic alcohol-use disorder cases had significantly higher expression of GABRA6 and GABRA2 transcripts than either controls or non-cirrhotic alcohol-use disorder cases. Differences were observed between sexes, genotypes and brain regions. We show that sex differences in subjects with GABRA6 and GABRA2 variants may contribute to differences in susceptibility to alcohol-use disorder and alcohol-induced cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline K. Ashton
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - André V. L. Rueda
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ada M.‐C. Ho
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Noradibah Arina Binte M. Noor Aizin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Vela Research Singapore Pte LtdThe KendallSingapore
| | - Hansa Sharma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Peter R. Dodd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Rosana Camarini
- Departamento de Farmacologia, ICBUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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Ekambareshwar M, Xu H, Rissel C, Baur L, Taki S, Mihrshahi S, Wen LM. Participants' Engagement With Telephone Support Interventions to Promote Healthy Feeding Practices and Obesity-Protective Behaviours for Infant Obesity Prevention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:868944. [PMID: 35586630 PMCID: PMC9108251 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.868944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participant engagement with program interventions is vital to support intended behaviour changes and outcomes. The aim of this research was to investigate participant engagement with the Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone (CHAT) program, an early childhood obesity prevention program that included interventions for promoting healthy infant feeding practices and obesity-protective behaviours via telephone, and whether engagement with the telephone support program varied by participants' sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS This study used de-identified CHAT program data of participants who received the interventions via telephone. Data analysed included 1) participant engagement in telephone support from late pregnancy to 12 months of child's age, 2) demographic characteristics collected at late pregnancy and 3) intervention providers' observations and notes (qualitative data) for 10 participants from each engagement group (low, medium, high) to explore issues discussed during telephone support. RESULTS Call completion rate by participants was above sixty percent for all six stages of the telephone support program with more than half of the participants (57%) demonstrating high level of engagement. We found that participants' country of birth, employment status and annual household income were predictors of engagement with the telephone support provided in the CHAT program. The odds of participants' engagement with the telephone support program were 1.68 times higher for Australian born (95% CI 1.07 - 2.62), 1.63 times higher for participants who were employed (95% CI 1.01 - 2.66) and 1.63 times higher for participants with annual household income ≥AUD$80,000 (95% CI 1.02 - 2.60). CONCLUSIONS Participant engagement with the program interventions was good. Participants' engagement with the telephone support program was significantly associated with certain socio-demographic characteristics. Australian born participants, and participants associated with higher household income and employment engaged significantly more with the telephone support provided in the CHAT program. Additionally, the program engaged more participants older than 30 years of age and those who spoke English at home. The program provided unintended personal benefits to some participants with high engagement level due to their various psychosocial needs such as domestic violence, mental health and sleep related issues. Although not an intended benefit of the intervention, psychosocial needs of participants were met which was a likely factor for mothers' engagement with the program. This is an important factor that needs to be considered while implementing future programs or scale up of this program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Ekambareshwar
- The Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Mahalakshmi Ekambareshwar,
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- The Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise Baur
- The Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Weight Management Services, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Taki
- The Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Seema Mihrshahi
- The Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- The Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Health Promotion Unit, Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Han W, Yin M, Zhang W, Liu Z, Wang N, Yong KT, An Q. Acid-Resistance and Self-Repairing Supramolecular Nanoparticle Membranes via Hydrogen-Bonding for Sustainable Molecules Separation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102594. [PMID: 34664794 PMCID: PMC8655207 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional membranes generally wear out when applying in harsh conditions such as a strong acidic environment. In this work, high acid-resistance, long-lasting, and low-cost functional membranes are prepared from engineered hydrogen-bonding and pH-responsive supramolecular nanoparticle materials. As a proof of concept, the prepared membranes for dehydration of alcohols are utilized. The synthesized membranes have achieved a separation factor of 3000 when changing the feed solution pH from 7 to 1. No previous reports have demonstrated such unprecedentedly high-record separation performance (pervaporation separation index is around 1.1 × 107 g m-2 h-1 ). More importantly, the engineered smart membrane possesses fast self-repairing ability (48 h) that is inherited from the dynamic hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of polyacrylic acid and carbonyl groups of polyvinylpyrrolidone. To this end, the designed supramolecular materials offer the membrane community a new material type for preparing high acid resistance and long-lasting membranes for harsh environmental cleaning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Ming‐Jie Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Wen‐Hai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Naixin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Ken Tye Yong
- The University of Sydney Nano InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales2006Australia
| | - Quan‐Fu An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and SeparationDepartment of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
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So C, Cust AE, Gordon LG, Morton RL, Canfell K, Ngo P, Dieng M, McLoughlin K, Watts C. Health utilities for non-melanoma skin cancers and pre-cancerous lesions: A systematic review. Skin Health Dis 2021; 1:e51. [PMID: 35663144 PMCID: PMC9060093 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are common and consume many healthcare resources. A health utility is a single preference-based value for assessing health-related quality of life, which can be used in economic evaluations. There are scarce data on health utilities for NMSCs. OBJECTIVES Using a systematic review approach, we synthesized the current data on NMSC-related health utilities. METHODS A systematic review of studies of NMSC-related health utilities was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Data were extracted based on the protocol and a quality assessment was performed for each study. RESULTS The protocol resulted in 16 studies, involving 121 621 participants. Mean utility values across the studies ranged from 0.56 to 1 for undifferentiated NMSC, 0.84 to 1 for actinic keratosis, 0.45 to 1 for squamous cell carcinoma, and 0.67 to 1 for basal cell carcinoma. There was considerable variability in utilities by type of cancer, stage of diagnosis, time to treatment, treatment modality, and quality of life instrument or method. Utility values were predominantly based on the EuroQol 5-dimension instrument and ranged from 0.45 to 0.96, while other measurement methods produced values ranging from 0.67 to 1. Lower utility values were observed for advanced cancers and for the time period during and immediately after treatment, after which values gradually returned to pre-treatment levels. CONCLUSIONS Most utility values clustered around relatively high values of 0.8 to 1, suggesting small decrements in quality of life associated with most NMSCs and their precursors. Variability in utilities indicates that careful characterization is required for measures to be used in economic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. So
- Sydney School of Public HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - A. E. Cust
- The Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - L. G. Gordon
- Population Health DepartmentQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
- School of NursingQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneAustralia
- School of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - R. L. Morton
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - K. Canfell
- The Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - P. Ngo
- The Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - M. Dieng
- Faculty of Medicine and HealthNHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - K. McLoughlin
- The Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyAustralia
| | - C. Watts
- The Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyAustralia
- Kirby InstituteThe University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
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Dunlop K, Rankin NM, Smit AK, Salgado Z, Newson AJ, Keogh L, Cust AE. Acceptability of risk-stratified population screening across cancer types: Qualitative interviews with the Australian public. Health Expect 2021; 24:1326-1336. [PMID: 33974726 PMCID: PMC8369084 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting evidence of the benefit of risk-stratified (risk-tailored) cancer population screening, when compared to standard approaches. However, shifting towards this approach involves changes to practice that may give rise to implementation challenges. OBJECTIVES To explore the public's potential acceptance of risk-stratified screening across different cancer types, including reducing screening frequency if at low risk and the use of personal risk information, to inform implementation strategies. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 public participants; half had received personal genomic risk information and half had not. Participants were prompted to consider different cancers. Data were analysed thematically as one dataset. RESULTS Themes included the following: (a) a sense of security; (b) tailored screening is common sense; (c) risk and the need to take action; (d) not every cancer is the same; and (e) trust and belief in health messages. Both groups expressed similar views. Participants were broadly supportive of risk-stratified screening across different cancer types, with strong support for increased screening frequency for high-risk groups. They were less supportive of reduced screening frequency or no screening for low-risk groups. Findings suggest the public will be amenable to reducing screening when the test is invasive and uncomfortable; be less opposed to forgo screening if offered the opportunity to screen at some stage; and view visible cancers such as melanoma differently. CONCLUSIONS Approaching distinct cancer types differently, tailoring messages for different audiences and understanding reasons for participating in screening may assist with designing future implementation strategies for risk-stratified cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dunlop
- Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Nicole M. Rankin
- Sydney School of Public Health, The Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Amelia K. Smit
- Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Zofia Salgado
- Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Ainsley J. Newson
- Sydney Health Ethics, Sydney School of Public Health, The Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Louise Keogh
- Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Anne E. Cust
- Daffodil CentreThe University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSWAustralia
- Melanoma Institute AustraliaThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
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Krycer JR, Elkington SD, Diaz-Vegas A, Cooke KC, Burchfield JG, Fisher-Wellman KH, Cooney GJ, Fazakerley DJ, James DE. Mitochondrial oxidants, but not respiration, are sensitive to glucose in adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:99-110. [PMID: 31744882 PMCID: PMC6952605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin action in adipose tissue is crucial for whole-body glucose homeostasis, with insulin resistance being a major risk factor for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have proposed mitochondrial oxidants as a unifying driver of adipose insulin resistance, serving as a signal of nutrient excess. However, neither the substrates for nor sites of oxidant production are known. Because insulin stimulates glucose utilization, we hypothesized that glucose oxidation would fuel respiration, in turn generating mitochondrial oxidants. This would impair insulin action, limiting further glucose uptake in a negative feedback loop of "glucose-dependent" insulin resistance. Using primary rat adipocytes and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we observed that insulin increased respiration, but notably this occurred independently of glucose supply. In contrast, glucose was required for insulin to increase mitochondrial oxidants. Despite rising to similar levels as when treated with other agents that cause insulin resistance, glucose-dependent mitochondrial oxidants failed to cause insulin resistance. Subsequent studies revealed a temporal relationship whereby mitochondrial oxidants needed to increase before the insulin stimulus to induce insulin resistance. Together, these data reveal that (a) adipocyte respiration is principally fueled from nonglucose sources; (b) there is a disconnect between respiration and oxidative stress, whereby mitochondrial oxidant levels do not rise with increased respiration unless glucose is present; and (c) mitochondrial oxidative stress must precede the insulin stimulus to cause insulin resistance, explaining why short-term, insulin-dependent glucose utilization does not promote insulin resistance. These data provide additional clues to mechanistically link nutrient excess to adipose insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah D Elkington
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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