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Thaden JT, Ahn R, Ruffin F, Gjertson DW, Hoffmann A, Fowler VG, Yeaman MR. Use of Transcriptional Signatures to Differentiate Pathogen-Specific and Treatment-Specific Host Responses in Patients With Bacterial Bloodstream Infections. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1535-1545. [PMID: 38001039 PMCID: PMC11095544 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical outcomes in bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are influenced by bacterial species, host immunity, and antibiotic therapy. The mechanisms by which such factors influence outcomes are poorly understood. We aimed to identify bacterial- and antibiotic-specific host transcriptional signatures in patients with bacterial BSI. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on blood samples from patients with BSI due to gram-negative (GN) versus gram-positive (GP) pathogens: Escherichia coli (n = 30) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 28) versus methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (n = 24) or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 58). Patients were matched by age, sex, and race. RESULTS No significant host transcriptome differences were detected in patients with E. coli versus K. pneumoniae BSI, so these were considered together as GN BSI. Relative to S. aureus BSI, patients with GN BSI had increased activation of the classic complement system. However, the most significant signal was a reduction in host transcriptional signatures involving mitochondrial energy transduction and oxidative burst in MRSA versus MSSA. This attenuated host transcriptional signature remained after controlling for antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of immune cellular energetics and reactive oxygen species in eliminating hematogenous or intracellular MRSA, these findings may offer insights into its persistence relative to other bacterial BSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Thaden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard Ahn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
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2
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Thiriet-Rupert S, Josse J, Perez-Pascual D, Tasse J, Andre C, Abad L, Lebeaux D, Ghigo JM, Laurent F, Beloin C. Analysis of In-Patient Evolution of Escherichia coli Reveals Potential Links to Relapse of Bone and Joint Infections. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1546-1556. [PMID: 38041851 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone and joint infections (BJIs) are difficult to treat and affect a growing number of patients, in which relapses are observed in 10-20% of case. These relapses, which call for prolonged antibiotic treatment and increase resistance emergence risk, may originate from ill-understood adaptation of the pathogen to the host. Here, we investigated 3 pairs of Escherichia coli strains from BJI cases and their relapses to unravel adaptations within patients. Whole-genome comparison presented evidence for positive selection and phenotypic characterization showed that biofilm formation remained unchanged, contrary to what is usually described in such cases. Although virulence was not modified, we identified the loss of 2 virulence factors contributing to immune system evasion in one of the studied strains. Other strategies, including global growth optimization and colicin production, likely allowed the strains to outcompete competitors. This work highlights the variety of strategies allowing in-patient adaptation in BJIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Josse
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Perez-Pascual
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jason Tasse
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Andre
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lélia Abad
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Département de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Paris, France
- FHU PROTHEE (Prosthetic joint infections: innovative strategies to overcome a medico-surgical challenge) Group
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris-Cité, Paris, France
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3
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Al-Gallas N, Fadel ME, Altammar KA, Awadi Y, Aissa RB. Pathovars, occurrence, and characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in diarrheal Escherichia coli isolated from farmers and farmed chickens in Tunisia and Nigeria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae043. [PMID: 38653718 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The poultry industry is a very important agricultural and industrial sector in Tunisia and Nigeria, with little information about occurrence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in the farmers and chickens. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of diarrheal E. coli in humans and poultry and to investigate plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in both countries. Seventy-four isolates of E. coli were studied; nine different virulence genes were screened by PCR. Serotyping was performed only for pathotypes as well as the determining of antibiotic resistance profiles against 21 antibiotics. PMQR genes were investigated by PCR. EAEC was the most abundant pathotype (37/74; 50%) in human and chicken isolates, whereas single EHEC and EPEC (1/74, 1.35%) pathotypes were detected in Tunisia and Nigeria, respectively. About 17 (45.95%) quinolones/fluoroquinolones-resistant isolates were detected, from which the following PMQR genes were detected: aac(6')-Ib-cr (8/17, 47.05%), qepA (6/17, 35.29%), qnrA + qnrB (2/17, 11.76%), and qnrS gene (1/17, 5.88%). Our findings highlight high occurrence of EAEC pathotype in Tunisia and Nigeria, more frequent than EPEC and EHEC. Additionally, all E. coli pathotypes isolated from different sources (humans, poultry) showed resistance to several antibiotics, which are in use as therapeutic choices in Tunisia and Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazek Al-Gallas
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens-Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Elamen Fadel
- Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Sebha, Sebha 19631, Libya
| | - Khadijah A Altammar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmin Awadi
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens-Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Aissa
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens-Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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4
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Bano S, Tunio SA, Penfold CN, James R. The dynamics of colicin E9 release from Escherichia coli in native conditions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae042. [PMID: 38653724 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Colicin (Col) plasmid contains colicin encoding genes arranged in an operon controlled by an SOS inducible promoter. Therefore, any external stresses to the host cell can induce the expression of the downstream genes in the Col operon, including a lysis gene. The lysis protein is involved in the extracellular release of colicin through lysis of the producer cells, which causes a decline in culture turbidity. However, it is not yet known that E. coli cells with the native pColE9-J plasmid hold the same level of cell death at the population level following a set of induced conditions. In this study, using a mitomycin C sensitivity assay along with a live dead staining method of detection, we showed that the native pColE9-J plasmid, which unusually carries an extended Col operon (ColE9) containing two lysis genes, did not confer a rapid decline in the culture turbidity following induction with mitomycin C. Interestingly a subset of the cells suffered perturbation of their outer membrane, which was not observed from single lysis mutant (∆celE or ∆celI) cells. This observed heterogeneity in the colicin E9 release leading to differential outer membrane perforation may bring a competitive advantage to these cells in a mixed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Bano
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microbiology, Allama I. I Qazi campus, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ali Tunio
- Institute of Microbiology, Allama I. I Qazi campus, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Christopher N Penfold
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard James
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Al-Sawarees DK, Darwish RM, Abu-Zurayk R, Masri MA. Assessing silver nanoparticle and antimicrobial combinations for antibacterial activity and biofilm prevention on surgical sutures. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae063. [PMID: 38471695 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with Triclosan, and trans-cinnamaldehyde against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms on sutures to improve patients' outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Silver nanoparticles were prepared by chemical method and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering. The minimum inhibitory concentration was assessed by the Microdilution assay. The antibiofilm activity was determined using crystal violet assay. A checkerboard assay using the fractional inhibitory concentration index and time-kill curve was used to investigate the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticle combinations. The hemolytic activity was determined using an erythrocyte hemolytic assay. Our results revealed that silver nanoparticles, Triclosan, and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) inhibited S.aureus and E.coli biofilms. Silver nanoparticles with TCA showed a synergistic effect (FICI values 0.35 and 0.45 against S. aureus and E. coli biofilms, respectively), and silver nanoparticles with Triclosan showed complete inhibition of S. aureus biofilm. The hemolytic activity was <2.50% for the combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Al-Sawarees
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rula M Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rund Abu-Zurayk
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Al Masri
- King Hussain Cancer center, Surgery Department, Amman 11941, Jordan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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6
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Jitsukawa T, Watanabe S, Shigeri Y, Fujisaki S. Quantification of polyprenyl diphosphates in Escherichia coli cells using high-performance liquid chromatography. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:429-436. [PMID: 38192035 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl diphosphate is a crucial step in the synthesis of undecaprenyl phosphate, which is essential for cell wall synthesis. We have developed a method for the quantification of intracellular polyprenyl diphosphates, which have never before been measured directly. Polyprenyl phosphates and diphosphates prepared by chemical phosphorylation of polyprenols from Staphylococcus aureus were used to establish the conditions for fractionation by ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). By using an elution solvent containing tetraethylammonium phosphate as an ion-pair reagent for HPLC, polyprenyl phosphate and polyprenyl diphosphate with carbon numbers from 40 to 55 could be detected as separate peaks from the reversed-phase column. This analytical method was applied to lipids extracted from Escherichia coli to determine the intracellular levels of octaprenyl phosphate, undecaprenyl phosphate, octaprenyl diphosphate, and undecaprenyl diphosphate. This is the first report of separate measurement of cellular levels of polyprenyl phosphates and polyprenyl diphosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Jitsukawa
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shigeri
- Department of Chemistry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shingo Fujisaki
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
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Daaboul D, Kassem II, El Omari K, Hamze M, Daboussi F, Oueslati S, Naas T, Osman M. Emergence of blaNDM-5-harbouring Escherichia coli ST617 in refugee and host communities and their environment. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad141. [PMID: 37952235 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance disproportionately affects displaced and vulnerable populations. Here, we performed an in-depth investigation of blaNDM-5-harbouring Escherichia coli ST617 isolated from disenfranchised Lebanese patients, Syrian refugees, and livestock and the environment of refugee camps. We highlight the need for proactive One Health strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Daaboul
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Team "Resist" UMR1184, "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, USA
| | - Khaled El Omari
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
- Quality Control Center Laboratories at the Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of Tripoli & North Lebanon, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Daboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Saoussen Oueslati
- Team "Resist" UMR1184, "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team "Resist" UMR1184, "Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB)," INSERM, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marwan Osman
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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8
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Sokal A, Royer G, Esposito-Farese M, Clermont O, Condamine B, Laouénan C, Lefort A, Denamur E, de Lastours V. Clinical and bacteriological specificities of Escherichia coli bloodstream infections from biliary portal of entries. J Infect Dis 2024:jiad586. [PMID: 38214565 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is frequently responsible for bloodstream infections (BSI). Among digestive BSI, biliary infections appear to be less severe. Respective roles of host factors, bacterial determinants (phylogroups, virulence and antibiotic resistance) and portal of entry on outcome are unknown. METHODS Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 770 episodes of E. coli BSI were analyzed and isolates sequenced (Illumina technology) comparing phylogroups, MLST, virulence and resistance gene content. BSI isolates were compared with 362 commensal E. coli from healthy subjects. RESULTS Among 770 episodes, 135 were biliary, 156 non-biliary digestive and 479 urinary. Compared to urinary, BSI of digestive origin occurred significantly more in men, comorbid and immunocompromised patients. Digestive portal of entry was significantly associated with septic shock and death. Among digestive infections, patients with biliary infections were dies less (P=0.032), despite comparable initial severity. Biliary E. coli resembled commensals (phylogroup distribution, ST group and few virulence-associated genes) whereas non-biliary digestive and urinary strains carried many virulence-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS E. coli strains responsible for biliary infections exhibit commensal characteristics and are associatedd with lower mortality rates, despite similar initial severity than other digestive BSI. Biliary drainage in addition to antibiotics in the management of biliary infections may explain improved outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Sokal
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 92110 Clichy, France
| | - Guilhem Royer
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
- Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000 Créteil, France
- Unité Ecologie et Evolution de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS 6047, Université Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marina Esposito-Farese
- Département d'épidémiologie, biostatistiques et recherche clinique, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Cedric Laouénan
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
- Département d'épidémiologie, biostatistiques et recherche clinique, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Agnès Lefort
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 92110 Clichy, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Victoire de Lastours
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 92110 Clichy, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, 75018 Paris, France
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Jeong J, Selvamani V, Maruthamuthu MK, Arulsamy K, Hong SH. Application of the surface engineered recombinant Escherichia coli to the industrial battery waste solution for lithium recovery. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae012. [PMID: 38573823 PMCID: PMC11037431 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli were engineered to selectively adsorb and recover lithium from the environment by employing a bacterial cell surface display strategy. Lithium binding peptide (LBP1) was integrated into the Escherichia coli membrane protein OmpC. The effect of environmental conditions on the adsorption of lithium by a recombinant strain was evaluated, and lithium particles on the cellular surface were analyzed by FE-SEM and XRD. To elevate the lithium adsorption, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric repeats of the LBP1 peptide were constructed and displayed on the surface of E. coli. The constructed recombinant E. coli displaying the LBP1 trimer was applied to real industrial lithium battery wastewater to recover lithium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Vidhya Selvamani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kulandaisamy Arulsamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Soon Ho Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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Manutsyan T, Blbulyan S, Vassilian A, Semashko T, Kirakosyan G, Gabrielyan L, Trchounian K, Poladyan A. Gold nanoparticles activate hydrogenase synthesis and improve heterotrophic growth of Ralstonia eutropha H16. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2024; 371:fnad138. [PMID: 38167703 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia eutropha is a facultative chemolithoautotrophic aerobic bacterium that grows using organic substrates or H2 and CO2. Hydrogenases (Hyds) are synthesized under lithoautotrophic, or energy-limited heterotrophic conditions and are used in enzyme fuel cells (EFC) as anodic catalysts. The effects of chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on R. eutropha H16 growth, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) kinetics, and H2-oxidizing Hyd activity were investigated in this study. Atomic force microscopy showed that thin, plate-shaped Au-NPs were in the nanoscale range with an average size of 5.68 nm. Compared with growth in medium without Au-NPs (control), the presence of Au-NPs stimulated growth, and resulted in a decrease in ORP to negative values. H2-oxidizing activity was not detected in the absence of Au-NPs, but activity was significantly induced (12 U/g CDW) after 24 h of growth with 18 ng/ml, increasing a further 4-fold after 72 h of growth. The results demonstrate that Au-NPs primarily influence the membrane-bound Hyd. In contrast to R. eutropha, Au-NPs had a negligible or negative effect on the growth, Hyd activity, and H2 production of Escherichia coli. The findings of this study offer new perspectives for the production of oxygen-tolerant Hyds and the development of EFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatevik Manutsyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Syuzanna Blbulyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anait Vassilian
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | | | - Lilit Gabrielyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karen Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Poladyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoukian Str., 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
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White CS, Hung CC, Lanka S, Maddox CW, Barri A, Sokale AO, Dilger RN. Dietary monoglyceride supplementation to support intestinal integrity and host defenses in health-challenged weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae105. [PMID: 38629856 PMCID: PMC11044705 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Frequent incidence of postweaning enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea in the swine industry contributes to high mortality rates and associated economic losses. In this study, a combination of butyric, caprylic, and capric fatty acid monoglycerides was investigated to promote intestinal integrity and host defenses in weanling pigs infected with ETEC. A total of 160 pigs were allotted to treatment groups based on weight and sex. Throughout the 17-d study, three treatment groups were maintained: sham-inoculated pigs fed a control diet (uninfected control [UC], n = 40), ETEC-inoculated pigs fed the same control diet (infected control [IC], n = 60), and ETEC-inoculated pigs fed the control diet supplemented with monoglycerides included at 0.3% of the diet (infected supplemented [MG], n = 60). After a 7-d acclimation period, pigs were orally inoculated on each of three consecutive days with either 3 mL of a sham-control (saline) or live ETEC culture (3 × 109 colony-forming units/mL). The first day of inoculations was designated as 0 d postinoculation (DPI), and all study outcomes reference this time point. Fecal, tissue, and blood samples were collected from 48 individual pigs (UC, n = 12; IC, n = 18; MG, n = 18) on 5 and 10 DPI for analysis of dry matter (DM), bacterial enumeration, inflammatory markers, and intestinal permeability. ETEC-inoculated pigs in both the IC and MG groups exhibited clear signs of infection including lower (P < 0.05) gain:feed and fecal DM, indicative of excess water in the feces, and elevated (P < 0.05) rectal temperatures, total bacteria, total E. coli, and total F18 ETEC during the peak-infection period (5 DPI). Reduced (P < 0.05) expression of the occludin, tumor necrosis factor α, and vascular endothelial growth factor A genes was observed in both ETEC-inoculated groups at the 5 DPI time point. There were no meaningful differences between treatments for any of the outcomes measured at 10 DPI. Overall, all significant changes were the result of the ETEC infection, not monoglyceride supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S White
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Chien-Che Hung
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saraswathi Lanka
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Carol W Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Lin CY, Murayama T, Futada K, Tanaka S, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Screening of genes involved in phage-resistance of Escherichia coli and effects of substances interacting with primosomal protein A on the resistant bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad318. [PMID: 38142224 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study was to identify the genes involved in phage resistance and to develop an effective biocontrol method to improve the lytic activity of phages against foodborne pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 3,909 single gene-deletion mutants of Escherichia coli BW25113 from the Keio collection were individually screened for genes involved in phage resistance. Phage S127BCL3 isolated from chicken liver, infecting both E. coli BW25113 and O157: H7, was characterized and used for screening. The 10 gene-deletion mutants showed increased susceptibility to phage S127BCL3. Among them, priA gene-deletion mutant strain showed significant susceptibility to the phages S127BCL3 and T7. Furthermore, we investigated the substances that have been reported to inhibit the function of primosomal protein A (PriA) and were used to confirm increased phage susceptibility in E. coli BW25113 (Parent strain) and O157: H7. CONCLUSION PriA inhibitors at a low concentration showed combined effects with phage against E. coli O157: H7 and delayed the regrowth rate of phage-resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomoka Murayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Koshiro Futada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Septama AW, Yuandani Y, Khairunnisa NA, Nasution HR, Utami DS, Kristiana R, Jantan I. Antibacterial, bacteriolytic, antibiofilm, and synergistic effects of the peel oils of Citrus microcarpa and Citrus x amblycarpa with tetracycline against foodborne Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad126. [PMID: 37898554 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Citrus essential oils (EOs) have shown significant antibacterial activity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the peel oils of Citrus microcarpa and C. x amblycarpa against Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by using the broth microdilution assay. The checkerboard method was used to identify synergistic effects of the EOs with tetracycline, while bacteriolysis was assessed by calculating the optical density of the bacterial supernatant, crystal violet assay was used to assess their antibiofilm. Ethidium bromide accumulation test was employed to assess efflux pump inhibition. Electron microscope analysis was performed to observe its morphological changes. The EOs of C. microcarpa and C. x amblycarpa were found to contain D-limonene major compound at 55.78% and 46.7%, respectively. Citrus microcarpa EOs exhibited moderate antibacterial against E. coli with a MIC value of 200 μg/mL. The combination of C. microcarpa oil (7.8 μg/mL) and tetracycline (62.5 μg/mL) exhibited a synergy with FICI of 0.5. This combination inhibited biofilm formation and disrupt bacterial cell membranes. Citrus microcarpa EOs blocked the efflux pumps in E. coli. Citrus microcarpa EOs demonstrated promising antibacterial activity, which can be further explored for the development of drugs to combat E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdi W Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yuandani Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nur A Khairunnisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Halimah R Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dinda S Utami
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rhesi Kristiana
- Marine Education and Research Organisation (MERO) Foundation. Br. Dinas Muntig, Kara 80853ngasem, Bali , Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Palma F, Dell'Annunziata F, Folliero V, Foglia F, Marca RD, Zannella C, De Filippis A, Franci G, Galdiero M. Cupferron impairs the growth and virulence of Escherichia coli clinical isolates. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad222. [PMID: 37796875 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Multidrug resistance is a worrying problem worldwide. The lack of readily available drugs to counter nosocomial infections requires the need for new interventional strategies. Drug repurposing represents a valid alternative to using commercial molecules as antimicrobial agents in a short time and with low costs. Contextually, the present study focused on the antibacterial potential of the ammonium salt N-nitroso-N-phenylhydroxylamine (Cupferron), evaluating the ability to inhibit microbial growth and influence the main virulence factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Cupferron cytotoxicity was checked via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and hemolysis assays. The antimicrobial activity was assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test, broth microdilution method, and time-killing kinetics. Furthermore, the impact on different stages of the biofilm life cycle, catalase, swimming, and swarming motility was estimated via MTT and crystal violet (CV) assay, H2O2 sensitivity, and motility tests, respectively. Cupferron exhibited <15% cytotoxicity at 200 µg/mL concentration. The 90% bacterial growth inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) values recorded after 24 hours of exposure were 200 and 100 µg/mL for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and sensitive strains, respectively, exerting a bacteriostatic action. Cupferron-treated bacteria showed increased susceptibility to biofilm production, oxidative stress, and impaired bacterial motility in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In the new antimicrobial compounds active research scenario, the results indicated that Cupferron could be an interesting candidate for tackling Escherichia coli infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Foglia
- Complex Operative Unity of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Della Marca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Complex Operative Unity of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Moaligou C, Dion M, Ishnaiwer M, Dailly É, Batard É, Javaudin F. Pantoprazole promotes sustained intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in amoxicillin-treated mice. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad223. [PMID: 37766396 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The main objective of this study was to compare extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli fecal titers during 12 days between two groups: mice who received proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and those that did not. METHODS AND RESULTS We tested three different in vivo models: model 1, high inoculum (106 CFU ml-1); model 2, low inoculum (102 CFU ml-1); and model 3, low inoculum and 2-day amoxicillin wash-out. There was no significant difference between the two groups in fecal ESBL E. coli titers in models 1 and 2. The fecal titers of ESBL E. coli were probably too high to show differences in colonization related to PPI treatment. By introducing a 2-day wash-out period after stopping amoxicillin (model 3), the fecal ESBL E. coli titers were higher in the PPI-treated mice during 12 days (3 log versus 11 log day CFU g-1; P < 0.05). This result highlighted that PPIs promote stable ESBL E. coli digestive carriage in mice. Fecal quantitative PCR showed that mice with low ESBL E. coli fecal titers had a much higher concentration of equol-producing bacteria, Muribaculum sp., and Adlercreutzia caecimuris. CONCLUSIONS Pantoprazole treatment promotes sustained digestive carriage of ESBL E. coli in amoxicillin-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Moaligou
- Cibles et médicaments des infections et de l'immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Michel Dion
- Cibles et médicaments des infections et de l'immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Murad Ishnaiwer
- Cibles et médicaments des infections et de l'immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Éric Dailly
- Cibles et médicaments des infections et de l'immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, France
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes 44000, France
| | - Éric Batard
- Cibles et médicaments des infections et de l'immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, France
- Emergency department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes 44000, France
| | - François Javaudin
- Cibles et médicaments des infections et de l'immunité, IICiMed, UR 1155, Nantes Université, Nantes 44000, France
- Emergency department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes 44000, France
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Wang Y, Liang B, Song Z, Chen W, Niu H, Xing D, Zhang Y. High antipersister activity of a promising new quinolone drug candidate in eradicating uropathogenic Escherichia coli persisters and persistent infection in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad193. [PMID: 37667517 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop more potent drugs that eradicate persister bacteria and cure persistent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). METHODS AND RESULTS We synthesized eight novel clinifloxacin analogs and measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the time-kill curves in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI89, and applied the candidate drugs and combinations against biofilm bacteria in vitro and in mice. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for UPEC after candidate drug treatment to shed light on potential mechanism of action. We identified Compound 2, named Qingdafloxacin (QDF), which was more potent than clinafloxacin and clinically used levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, with an MIC of < 0.04 μg ml-1 and an MBC of 0.08∼0.16 μg ml-1. In drug combination studies, QDF + gentamicin + nitrofuran combination but not single drugs completely eradicated all stationary phase bacteria containing persisters and biofilm bacteria, and all bacteria in a persistent UTI mouse model. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the unique antipersister activity of QDF was associated with downregulation of genes involved in bacterial stress response, DNA repair, protein misfolding repair, pyrimidine metabolism, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism, and efflux. CONCLUSIONS QDF has high antipersister activity and its drug combinations proved highly effective against biofilm bacteria in vitro and persistent UTIs in mice, which may have implications for treating rUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengming Song
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Caetano S, Correia C, Vidal AFT, Matos A, Ferreira C, Cravo A. Fate of microbial contamination in a South European Coastal Lagoon (Ria Formosa) under the influence of treated effluents dispersal. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad166. [PMID: 37516448 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Assessment of the fate of microbial contamination driven from treated wastewater disposal at a highly productive zone on a South European coastal lagoon (Ria Formosa). METHODS AND RESULTS Microbial indicators of contamination (Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Enterococci) were evaluated monthly during September 2018-September 2020 at three study areas (Faro, Olhão, and Tavira) under different wastewater discharge flows and hydrodynamic conditions. Additional data on E. coli monitoring in bivalves, available from the national institution responsible for their surveillance was also considered. The maximum microbial contamination was found at Faro, the highest-load and less-flushed study area, contrasting the lowest contamination at Olhão, a lower-load and strongly flushed area. The wastewater impact decreased along the spatial dispersal gradients and during high water, particularly at Faro and Tavira study areas, due to a considerable dilution effect. Microbial contamination at Olhão increased during the summer, while at the other study areas seasonal evidence was not clear. Data also indicate that E. coli in bivalves from bivalve production zones next to the three study areas reflected the differentiated impact of the wastewater treatment plants effluents on the water quality of those areas. CONCLUSIONS Effluent loads together with local hydrodynamics, water temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, and land runoff as well as seabirds populations and environmentally adapted faecal or renaturelized bacterial communities, contributed to microbial contamination of the study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Caetano
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research/ARNET-Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
- School of Health (ESS), University of Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 1, Piso 3, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Correia
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research/ARNET-Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Flor Torres Vidal
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research/ARNET-Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - André Matos
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research/ARNET-Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Cristina Ferreira
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research/ARNET-Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Cravo
- CIMA, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research/ARNET-Infrastructure Network in Aquatic Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
- Sciences and Technology Faculty (FCT), University of Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Edifício 7, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Shafiq M, Bilal H, Permana B, Xu D, Cai G, Li X, Zeng M, Yuan Y, Jiao X, Yao F. Characterization of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile elements in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Guangdong, China. J Appl Microbiol 2023:lxad125. [PMID: 37336594 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the high-resolution phenotypic and genotypic characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains isolated from hospitalized patients to explore the resistance genes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) involved in horizontal dissemination. METHODS Between May and September 2021, a total of 216 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were recovered from multiple departments. The identification of strains was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and PCR, while antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the Vitek 2 COMPACT system to determine resistance patterns, while PCR was used to detect different resistance genes and MGEs. In addition, a conjugation assay was performed to investigate the horizontal gene transfer of resistance genes. Selected isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. RESULTS A total of 216 out of 409 E. coli isolates recovered from a tertiary hospital were observed to be ESBL-producing, giving a carriage rate of 52.8%, as determined by phenotypic screening. The most frequent sources of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were urine (129/216, 59.72%,) and blood (50/216, 23.14%). The most prevalent ESBL genes identified were blaCTX-M (60.18%), blaTEM (40.27%), and blaSHV (18.05%). Three E. coli isolates were found to carry the genes blaNDM, mcr-1, and fosA3 genes. The most prevalent MGEs were IS26 (95.37%), Int (87.03%), and IncFIB (76.85%). Whole-genome sequencing analysis of eight MDR E. coli strains revealed that these isolates belonged to eight different sequence types (STs) and serotypes and were found to harbor multiple plasmid replicons and virulence factors. CONCLUSION This study highlights a high incidence of antibiotic resistance genes and MGEs associated with the dissemination of ESBLs and other resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Research Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Budi Permana
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Danhong Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shantou central hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Gengzhong Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Shantou central hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yumeng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fen Yao
- Research Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative commensal bacterium of the normal microbiota of humans and animals. However, several E. coli strains are opportunistic pathogens responsible for severe bacterial infections including gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant serotypes that can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, E. coli is considered one of the most troublesome human pathogens worldwide. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of its virulence control mechanisms is essential for the development of new anti-pathogenic strategies. Numerous bacteria rely on a cell density-dependent communication system known as quorum sensing (QS) to regulate several bacterial functions, including the expression of virulence factors. The QS systems described for E. coli include the orphan SdiA regulator, an autoinducer-2 (AI-2), an autoinducer-3 (AI-3) system, and indole, which allow E. coli to establish different communication processes to sense and respond to the surrounding environment. This review aims to summarise the current knowledge of the global QS network in E. coli and its influence on virulence and pathogenesis. This understanding will help to improve anti-virulence strategies with the E. coli QS network in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Mayer
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, FIDIS - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Saskia-Camille Flament-Simon
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, FIDIS - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Liu L, Zhang L, Wang J, Cao M, Yuan J. Copper-inducible expression system for metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2023:7179987. [PMID: 37230951 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The inducible expression system plays an important role in engineering Escherichia coli for chemical production. However, it still heavily relies on expensive chemical inducers, like IPTG. There is a pressing need to develop alternative expression systems with more affordable inducers. MATERIALS AND RESULTS We herein report a copper-inducible expression system in E. coli based on the two-component Cus system and T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP). By integrating the gene encoding T7 RNAP at the CusC locus, we managed to program eGFP expression under the T7 promoter in response to different concentrations of Cu2+ (0-20 μM). Subsequently, we demonstrated that the copper-inducible expression system was suitable for the metabolic engineering of E. coli towards protocatechuic acid (PCA) overproduction, and the resulting strain with combined manipulation of the central metabolism via CRISPRi produced 4.12 g L-1 PCA under the optimal copper concentration and induction time. CONCLUSIONS We have established a copper-inducible T7 RNAP expression system in E. coli. The copper-inducible expression system could rationally control metabolic pathways in a temporal and dose-dependent manner. The gradient expression system based on copper inducer could be widely used in E. coli cell factories, and the design principle reported here would also be applicable in other prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
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21
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Brisson L, Caron A, Mazuy-Cruchadet C, Gilot-Fromont E, Lécu A, Mathieu B, Petit T, Sergentet D. COMPARING ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN FREE-RANGING VS. CAPTIVE AFRICAN WILD HERBIVORES. J Wildl Dis 2023:492376. [PMID: 37074787 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-21-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge of the 21st century for public and animal health. The role of host biodiversity and the environment in the evolution and transmission of resistant bacteria between populations and species, and specifically at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, needs to be further investigated. We evaluated the AMR of commensal Escherichia coli in three mammalian herbivore species-impala (Aepyceros melampus), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and plains zebra (Equus quagga)-targeting populations living under two conditions: captivity (French zoos) and free ranging (natural and private parks in Zimbabwe). From 137 fecal samples from these three host species, 328 E. coli isolates were isolated. We measured the AMR of each isolate against eight antibiotics, and we assessed the presence of AMR genes and mobile genetic element class 1 integrons (int1). Isolates obtained from captive hosts had a higher probability of being resistant than those obtained from free-ranging hosts (odds ratio, 293.8; confidence interval, 10-94,000). This statistically higher proportion of AMR bacteria in zoos than in natural parks was especially observed for bacteria resistant to amoxicillin. The percentage of int1 detection was higher when isolates were obtained from captive hosts, particularly captive impalas. Ninety percent of bacterial isolates with genes involved in antibiotic resistance also had the int1 gene. The sul1, sul2, blaTEM, and stra genes were found in 14, 19, 0, and 31%, respectively, of E. coli with respective antibiotic resistance. Finally, plains zebra carried AMR significantly more often than the other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Brisson
- Vetagro-Sup, 1 avenue Bourgelat 69 280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Alexandre Caron
- ASTRE, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Faculdae de Veterinaria, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 01009, Mozambique
| | | | | | - Alexis Lécu
- Paris Zoo, Avenue Daumesnil, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Bourgarel Mathieu
- ASTRE, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, 34398 Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, RP-PCP, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Thierry Petit
- La Palmyre Zoo, 6 Avenue de Royan, 17570 Les Mathes, France
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22
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Matsumoto T, Tanaka Y, Kamino M, Yamada R, Konishi Y, Ogino H. Identification of genes responsible for absorbing palladium ion in Escherichia coli. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:569-571. [PMID: 36809775 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The capability of Escherichia coli BW25113 to adsorb Pd ions in a single-gene-knockout library was investigated using high-throughput screening. The results revealed that compared to BW25113, nine strains promoted Pd ion adsorption, whereas 22 strains repressed. Although further studies are required because of the first screening results, our results will provide a new perspective for improving the biosorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kamino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Konishi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ogino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Simas RG, Pessoa Junior A, Long PF. Mechanistic aspects of IPTG (isopropylthio-β-galactoside) transport across the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli-a rate limiting step in the induction of recombinant protein expression. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad034. [PMID: 37849239 PMCID: PMC10639102 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Coupling transcription of a cloned gene to the lac operon with induction by isopropylthio-β-galactoside (IPTG) has been a favoured approach for recombinant protein expression using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host for more than six decades. Despite a wealth of experimental data gleaned over this period, a quantitative relationship between extracellular IPTG concentration and consequent levels of recombinant protein expression remains surprisingly elusive across a broad spectrum of experimental conditions. This is because gene expression under lac operon regulation is tightly correlated with intracellular IPTG concentration due to allosteric regulation of the lac repressor protein (lacY). An in-silico mathematical model established that uptake of IPTG across the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli by simple diffusion was negligible. Conversely, lacY mediated active transport was a rapid process, taking only some seconds for internal and external IPTG concentrations to equalize. Optimizing kcat and KM parameters by targeted mutation of the galactoside binding site in lacY could be a future strategy to improve the performance of recombinant protein expression. For example, if kcat were reduced whilst KM was increased, active transport of IPTG across the cytoplasmic membrane would be reduced, thereby lessening the metabolic burden on the cell and expediating accumulation of recombinant protein. The computational model described herein is made freely available and is amenable to optimize recombinant protein expression in other heterologous hosts. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY A computational model made freely available to optimize recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli other heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Simas
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul F Long
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Thuan NH, Tatipamula VB, Trung NT, Van Giang N. Metabolic engineering and optimization of Escherichia coli co-culture for the de novo synthesis of genkwanin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad030. [PMID: 37738435 PMCID: PMC10565888 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Genkwanin has various significant roles in nutrition, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical biology. Previously, this compound was chiefly produced by plant-originated extraction or chemical synthesis. However, due to increasing concern and demand for safe food and environmental issues, the biotechnological production of genkwanin and other bioactive compounds based on safe, cheap, and renewable substrates has gained much interest. This paper described recombinant Escherichia coli-based co-culture engineering that was reconstructed for the de novo production of genkwanin from d-glucose. The artificial genkwanin biosynthetic chain was divided into 2 modules in which the upstream strain contained the genes for synthesizing p-coumaric acid from d-glucose, and the downstream module contained a gene cluster that produced the precursor apigenin and the final product, genkwanin. The Box-Behnken design, a response surface methodology, was used to empirically model the production of genkwanin and optimize its productivity. As a result, the application of the designed co-culture improved the genkwanin production by 48.8 ± 1.3 mg/L or 1.7-fold compared to the monoculture. In addition, the scale-up of genkwanin bioproduction by a bioreactor resulted in 68.5 ± 1.9 mg/L at a 48 hr time point. The combination of metabolic engineering and fermentation technology was therefore a very efficient and applicable approach to enhance the production of other bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huy Thuan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thanh Trung
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Giang
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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25
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Abavisani M, Bostanghadiri N, Ghahramanpour H, Kodori M, Akrami F, Fathizadeh H, Hashemi A, Rastegari-Pouyani M. Colistin resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria: a Focus on Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:7031759. [PMID: 36754367 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli strains have rapidly increased worldwide, and effective antibiotic therapeutic options are becoming more restricted. As a polymyxin antibiotic, colistin has a long history of usage, and it is used as a final line of treatment for severe infections by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) with high-level resistance. However, its application has been challenged by the emergence of E. coli colistin resistance. Hence, determining the mechanism that confers colistin resistance is crucial for monitoring and controlling the dissemination of colistin-resistant E. coli strains. This comprehensive review summarizes colistin resistance mechanisms in E. coli strains and concentrates on the history, mode of action, and therapeutic implications of colistin. We have mainly focused on the fundamental mechanisms of colistin resistance that are mediated by chromosomal or plasmid elements and discussed major mutations in the two-component systems (TCSs) genes and plasmids that transmit the mobilized colistin resistance resistant genes in E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abavisani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 9138813944 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1449614535 Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of medical sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 1411713116 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoor Kodori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, 7661771967 Bam, Iran
| | - Fariba Akrami
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie, H7V 1B7Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hadis Fathizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, 7816916338 Sirjan, Iran.,Department of Laboratory sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, 7816916338 Sirjan, Iran
| | - Ali Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1985717443 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838678 Hamadan, Iran
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26
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Wan M, Zhu N, Yang G, Guo X, Sun S, Leng F, Wang Y. The function of the gene loiP in transformation efficiency and outer membrane permeability change of Escherichia coli treated by Ca2+ ions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:7008503. [PMID: 36708165 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of Escherichia coli competent cells by calcium chloride is a common method in molecular biology, but the mechanism is poorly understood. In a previous study, using transcriptomics and proteomics approaches, we found that the expression pattern of the gene loiP was upregulated by CaCl2. In order to investigate the function of the loiP gene in Ca2+- mediated formation of competent cells of E. coli DH5α, the loiP gene deletion strains were constructed by the lambda-derived Red homologous recombination technique. Then, the cell morphology, transformation efficiency, and cell membrane changes of the competent cells of the mutant strain were further explored. Compared with the wild-type E. coli DH5α, the mutant strains have no significant differences in the morphology, growth characteristics, and the permeability of the intracellular membrane. However, the transformation efficiencies of the mutant strains to plasmids of different sizes were significantly reduced, and the permeability of the outer membrane decreased by 2.94 times. These results indicate that the deletion of gene loiP may directly affect the transformation efficiency and outer membrane permeability of E. coli competent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglai Wan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China.,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Guangrui Yang
- Gansu Zhongshang Food Quality Test and Detection Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730010, China.,Gansu Business Science and Technology Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730010, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shangchen Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Feifan Leng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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27
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Lima MDC, Magnani M, Lima MDS, Macarisin D, de Sousa CP, Dubreuil JD, de Souza EL. Exploring the antimicrobial effects of a phenolic-rich extract from jabuticaba depulping waste against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6991430. [PMID: 36715328 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of a phenolic-rich extract from jabuticaba [Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg] depulping waste (PEJ) on the survival, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence, and cellular functions of various enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration of PEJ against the five tested ETEC strains was 125 mg mL-1. PEJ at 125 and 250 mg mL-1 caused reductions in viable cell counts of ≥ 3 and ≥ 5 log CFU mL-1 in ETEC over 24 h, respectively. PEJ at subinhibitory concentrations (31.25 and 62.5 mg mL-1) reduced the viable cell counts of ETEC when exposed to in vitro gastrointestinal conditions, besides decreasing the biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, mucin adhesion, and swimming and swarming motility. PEJ (31.25 and 62.5 mg mL-1) increased the susceptibility of the tested ETEC strains to various clinically relevant antibiotics. The exposure to PEJ (62.5 and 125 mg mL-1) impaired the membrane permeability and enzymatic and efflux pump activities in ETEC cells. PEJ effectively reduces survival, increases antibiotic susceptibility, and attenuates virulence in ETEC. These effects could be linked to a PEJ multi-target action disturbing various cellular functions in ETEC cells. PEJ could be a candidate for developing innovative solutions to prevent and treat ETEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara da Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900,Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology,Federal Institute of Sertão de Pernambuco,Petrolina, PE 56316-686,Brazil
| | - Dumitru Macarisin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD HFS-009, USA
| | - Cristina Paiva de Sousa
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.,Biotechnology Graduation Program, Center of Exact Sciences and Technologies, Federal University of São Carlos,São Carlos, SP 13565-905,Brazil
| | - J Daniel Dubreuil
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900,Brazil
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28
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ElSayed N, El-Attar L, Amine A. Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in conventional vs. organic livestock farms in Egypt: a cross-sectional comparative study. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:6912250. [PMID: 36688777 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance (AR) has been on the rise for the past decades. It is essential to determine the burden of AR in animal farms that spreads leading to human exposure. A total of 100 samples including soil, litter, animal excreta, and wastewater were collected from seven conventional and one organic farm in Egypt. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-producing E. coli), fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was determined in studied farms. Conventional farms had a higher prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria than the organic farm (73.81% vs. 18.75%, P < .001). In conventional farms 21.43% of samples yielded mixed isolates; however, in the organic farm, only single isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli were detected. The most prevalent ESBL-production gene was blaTEM (82.14%), followed by blaCTX-M (48.22%), and blaSHV (19.64%), either alone or in combination with another gene. The most prevalent fluoroquinolone-resistance genes were qnrS (82.69%) and qnrB (42.30%), either alone or in combination with another gene(s). A total of five VRE isolates harbored vanA gene (83.33%), none carried vanB gene, and one isolate was negative for both genes. The studied conventional livestock farms had significantly higher rates of serious AR threats than the organic farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada ElSayed
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue 21646, El-Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Laila El-Attar
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue 21646, El-Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Amine
- Microbiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, 165 El-Horreya Avenue 21646, El-Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
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29
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Pereira C, Warsi OM, Andersson DI. Pervasive Selection for Clinically Relevant Resistance and Media Adaptive Mutations at Very Low Antibiotic Concentrations. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:6983656. [PMID: 36627817 PMCID: PMC9887637 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental evolution studies have shown that weak antibiotic selective pressures (i.e., when the antibiotic concentrations are far below the minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) can select resistant mutants, raising several unanswered questions. First, what are the lowest antibiotic concentrations at which selection for de novo resistance mutations can occur? Second, with weak antibiotic selections, which other types of adaptive mutations unrelated to the antibiotic selective pressure are concurrently enriched? Third, are the mutations selected under laboratory settings at subMIC also observed in clinical isolates? We addressed these questions using Escherichia coli populations evolving at subMICs in the presence of either of four clinically used antibiotics: fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic resistance evolution was investigated at concentrations ranging from 1/4th to 1/2000th of the MIC of the susceptible strain (MICsusceptible). Our results show that evolution was rapid across all the antibiotics tested, and selection for fosfomycin- and nitrofurantoin-resistant mutants was observed at a concentration as low as 1/2000th of MICsusceptible. Several of the evolved resistant mutants showed increased growth yield and exponential growth rates, and outcompeted the susceptible ancestral strain in the absence of antibiotics as well, suggesting that adaptation to the growth environment occurred in parallel with the selection for resistance. Genomic analysis of the resistant mutants showed that several of the mutations selected under these conditions are also found in clinical isolates, demonstrating that experimental evolution at very low antibiotic levels can help in identifying novel mutations that contribute to bacterial adaptation during subMIC exposure in real-life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Pereira
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Gaab ME, Lozano PO, Ibañez D, Manese KD, Riego FM, Tiongco RE, Albano PM. A Meta-Analysis on the Association of Colibactin-Producing pks+ Escherichia coli with the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Lab Med 2023; 54:75-82. [PMID: 35960765 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies on the association between pks+Escherichia coli and colorectal cancer (CRC) demonstrated conflicting results. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. METHODS Related literature was obtained from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Data were then extracted, summarized, and subjected to analysis using Review Manager 5.4 by computing for the pooled odds ratios at the 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Overall analysis showed that individuals carrying pks+E coli had a greater risk of developing CRC. Subgroup analysis further showed that individuals from Western countries carrying pks+E coli and individuals with pks+E coli in their tissue samples had increased risk of developing CRC. CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis suggest that individuals with pks+E coli have a greater risk of developing CRC. However, more studies are needed to confirm our claims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcianne Elaine Gaab
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Prim Olivette Lozano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Danica Ibañez
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Korina Diane Manese
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Fatima May Riego
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Raphael Enrique Tiongco
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Pia Marie Albano
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.,Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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31
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Zuo J, Liu L, Hou S, Liu X, Teng J, Li P, Liu X. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of isoorientin against carbapenem non-sensitive Escherichia coli from raw milk of goats. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad047. [PMID: 36762933 PMCID: PMC9985329 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing E. coli is a grave public health concern as the potential emergence of resistant strains and their transmission. Isoorientin belongs to a potential antimicrobial flavonoid compound existing in several plants, while the research on the antimicrobial activity of isoorientin is limited thus far. We evaluated the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of isoorientin against biofilm-forming carbapenem non-sensitive Escherichia coli (E. coli) from raw milk of goats, and explored its molecular mechanisms. Isoorientin showed obvious antimicrobial ability with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and it exhibited synergistic activity with traditional antimicrobials against the carbapenem non-sensitive E. coli. Isoorientin could also significantly inhibit the carbapenem non-sensitive E. coli biofilm formation and destroy the established biofilms, with the percentage of inhibition ranging from 27.8% to 75% at MIC, and the corresponding percentage of eradication ranging from 15.3% to 61.6%, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that the E. coli biofilm reduced in thickness with increasing concentrations of isoorientin. Dose-dependent decrease in eDNA revealed that isoorientin interacted with the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of the biofilm. qRT-PCR assay for the biofilm-forming associated genes further confirmed the above results. Overall, these results concluded that the isoorientin has significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against carbapenem non-sensitive E. coli, and has potential application in prevention of food contamination and spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Simeng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Abstract
Escherichia coli have served as important model organisms for over a century-used to elucidate key aspects of genetics, evolution, molecular biology, and pathogenesis. However, defining which strains actually belong to this species is erratic and unstable due to shifts in the characters and criteria used to distinguish bacterial species. Additionally, many isolates designated as E. coli are genetically more closely related to strains of Shigella than to other E. coli, creating a situation in which the entire genus of Shigella and its four species are encompassed within the single species E. coli. We evaluated all complete genomes assigned to E. coli and its closest relatives according to the biological species concept (BSC), using evidence of reproductive isolation and gene flow (i.e., homologous recombination in the case of asexual bacteria) to ascertain species boundaries. The BSC establishes a uniform, consistent, and objective principle that allows species-level classification across all domains of life and does not rely on either phenotypic or genotypic similarity to a defined type-specimen for species membership. Analyzing a total of 1,887 sequenced genomes and comparing our results to other genome-based classification methods, we found few barriers to gene flow among the strains, clades, phylogroups, or species within E. coli and Shigella. Due to the utility in recognizing which strains constitute a true biological species, we designate genomes that form a genetic cohesive group as members of E. coliBIO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowan Hart
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Howard Ochman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Bardsley CA, Young MJ, Sharma M, Kessler C, Appolon CB, Schneider KR. Growth Media of Escherichia coli Does Not Affect Its Survival in Soil under Static Conditions. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1842-1847. [PMID: 36150096 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many studies have examined the survival of Escherichia coli and foodborne pathogens in agricultural soils. The results of these studies can be influenced by various growth conditions and growth media used when preparing cultures for an experiment. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the growth curves of rifampin (R)-resistant E. coli in three types of growth media containing R: tryptic soy agar (TSA-R); tryptic soy broth (TSB-R); and poultry pellet extract (PPE-R) and (ii) evaluate the influence of growth media on the survival of E. coli in agricultural soil. Poultry pellet extract (PPE) was prepared by filter sterilizing a 1:10 suspension of heat-treated poultry pellets in sterile water. Generic E. coli (TVS 353) acclimated to 80 μg/mL of R was grown in TSA-R, TSB-R, and PPE-R at 3.0 to 3.5 log CFU/mL and incubated at 37°C. Growth curves were determined by quantifying E. coli populations at 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 h. Soil microcosms were inoculated with E. coli (6.0 log CFU/g) previously cultured in one of the three media types and stored at 25°C, and soil samples were quantified for E. coli on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42. Growth curves and survival models were generated by using DMFit and GInaFiT, respectively. E. coli growth rates were 0.88, 0.77, and 0.69 log CFU/mL/h in TSA-R, TSB-R, and PPE-R, respectively. E. coli populations in the stationary phase were greater for cultures grown in TSA-R (9.4 log CFU/mL) and TSB-R (9.1 log CFU/mL) compared with PPE-R (7.9 log CFU/mL). The E. coli populations in the soil remained stable up to 3 days before declining. An approximate 2 log CFU/g decline of E. coli in soil was observed for each culture type between days 3 and 7, after which E. coli populations declined more slowly from days 7 to 42. A biphasic shoulder model was used to evaluate E. coli survival in soils on the basis of growth media. Using standardized culture growth preparation may aid in determining the complex interactions of enteric pathogen survival in soils. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron A Bardsley
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Mason J Young
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Manan Sharma
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705
| | - Christina Kessler
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, USA
| | - Charles B Appolon
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Keith R Schneider
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
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Limoges MA, Neher DA, Weicht TR, Millner PD, Sharma M, Donnelly C. Differential Survival of Escherichia coli and Listeria spp. in Northeastern U.S. Soils Amended with Dairy Manure Compost, Poultry Litter Compost, and Heat-Treated Poultry Pellets and Fate in Raw Edible Radish Crops. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1708-1715. [PMID: 34855938 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Composted or heat-treated biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAOs) can be added to soils to provide nutrients for fresh produce. These products lower the risk of pathogen contamination of fresh produce compared with the use of untreated BSAAOs; however, meteorological conditions, geographic location, and soil properties can influence the presence of pathogenic bacteria or their indicators (e.g., generic Escherichia coli) and allow potential for produce contamination. Replicated field plots of loamy or sandy soils were tilled and amended with dairy manure compost (DMC), poultry litter compost (PLC), or no compost (NoC) over two field seasons and noncomposted heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPPs) during the second field season. Plots were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of rifampin-resistant E. coli (rE. coli) at levels of 8.7 log CFU/m2. Direct plating and most-probable-number methods measured the persistence of rE. coli and Listeria spp. in plots through 104 days postinoculation. Greater survival of rE. coli was observed in PLC plots in comparison to DMC plots and NoC plots during year 1 (P < 0.05). Similar trends were observed for year 2, when rE. coli survival was also greater in HTPP-amended plots (P < 0.05). Survival of rE. coli depended on soil type, and water potential and temperature were significant covariables. Listeria spp. were found in NoC plots, but not in plots amended with HTPPs, PLC, or DMC. Radish data demonstrate that PLC treatment promoted the greatest level of rE. coli translocation compared with DMC and NoC treatments (P < 0.05). These results are consistent with findings from studies conducted in other regions of the United States, and they inform northeast produce growers that composted and noncomposted poultry-based BSAAOs support greater survival of rE. coli in field soils. This result has the potential to affect the food safety risk of edible produce grown in BSAAO-amended soils as a result of pathogen contamination. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Limoges
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Vermont, Marsh Life Science, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Deborah A Neher
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Thomas R Weicht
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Patricia D Millner
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Building 307, Center Drive, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Manan Sharma
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Building 307, Center Drive, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Catherine Donnelly
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Vermont, Marsh Life Science, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, Vermont 05405
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McLAUCHLIN J, Aird H, Amar CFL, Jenkins C, Jørgensen F, Lai S, Willis C. Microbiological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Salad Products Collected from Retail and Catering Settings in England during 2020 to 2021. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1680-1689. [PMID: 35776061 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salad and other fresh produce were collected in England from retail and catering businesses during 2020 to 2021 and were tested for Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria, Bacillus cereus, and E. coli. Of the 604 samples collected, 57% were from retail settings and 43% were from catering settings; 61% were either salad leaves or salad leaves mixed with other products. Equal numbers of samples were prepacked or loose, and 50% were refrigerated at the time of sampling. Combining results for all microbiological parameters, 84% were interpreted as satisfactory, 12% were interpreted as borderline, and 4% were interpreted as unsatisfactory. One sample (prepacked leaves, cucumber, and tomato from a caterer) was categorized as unacceptable and potentially injurious because of detection of STEC O76; no STEC from human infections in the United Kingdom matched this isolate. No Salmonella enterica was detected, but Listeria monocytogenes was recovered from 11 samples: 1 at 20 CFU/g and the remainder at <20 CFU/g. B. cereus was detected at borderline levels (103 to ≤105 CFU/g) in 9% of samples and at an unsatisfactory level (>105 CFU/g) in one sample. E. coli was detected in 3% of samples at borderline levels (20 to ≤102 CFU/g) and in 4% at unsatisfactory levels (>102 CFU/g). There was a significant association between detection of L. monocytogenes and borderline or unsatisfactory levels of E. coli. There were no specific risk profiles associated with products with the higher levels of B. cereus, STEC, or Listeria, but elevated levels of E. coli were predominantly confined to loose products from the United Kingdom collected from caterers in summer or autumn 2021 and may have resulted from relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions. Among the L. monocytogenes isolates, only one matched those from human cases and was recovered from a prepacked mixed salad from a catering business in 2021. This isolate was the same strain as that responsible for a multicountry outbreak (2015 to 2018) associated with Hungarian-produced frozen sweet corn; no link to the outbreak food chain was established. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- J McLAUCHLIN
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Services, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - H Aird
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory York, York Biotech Campus, UK Health Security Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - C F L Amar
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - C Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - F Jørgensen
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Porton, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - S Lai
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory London, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, Colindale, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - C Willis
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, UK Health Security Agency, Manor Farm Road, Porton, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
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36
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Gevorgyan H, Khalatyan S, Vassilian A, Trchounian K. Metabolic pathways and ΔpH regulation in Escherichia coli during the fermentation of glucose and glycerol in the presence of formate at pH 6.5: the role of FhlA transcriptional activator. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6825452. [PMID: 36370455 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is able to ferment mixed carbon sources and produce various fermentation end-products. In this study, the function of FhlA protein in the specific growth rate (µ), metabolism, regulation of ΔpH and proton ATPase activity was investigated. Reduced µ in fhlA mutant of ∼25% was shown, suggesting the role of FhlA in the growth process. The utilization rate of glycerol is decreased in fhlA ∼ 2 fold, depending on the oxidation-reduction potential values. Bacteria regulate the activity of hydrogenase enzymes during growth depending on the external pH, which manifests as a lack of hydrogen gas generation during glycerol utilization at pH values below 5.9. It is suggested that cells maintain ΔpH during the fermentative growth via formate-lactate-succinate exchange. The decrement of the value of pHin, but not of pHex in mutant cells, is regulating ΔpH and consequently proton motive force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heghine Gevorgyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.,Scientific-Research Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.,Microbial Biotechnologies and Biofuel Innovation Center, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Satenik Khalatyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.,Microbial Biotechnologies and Biofuel Innovation Center, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anait Vassilian
- Scientific-Research Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Karen Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.,Scientific-Research Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia.,Microbial Biotechnologies and Biofuel Innovation Center, Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
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37
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Miyamoto T, Saitoh Y, Katane M, Sekine M, Homma H. YgeA is involved in L- and D-homoserine metabolism in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6754731. [PMID: 36214408 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncanonical D-amino acids are involved in peptidoglycan and biofilm metabolism in bacteria. Previously, we identified amino acid racemases with broad substrate specificity, including YgeA from Escherichia coli, which strongly prefers homoserine as a substrate. In this study, we investigated the functions of this enzyme in vivo. When wild-type and ygeA-deficient E. coli strains were cultured in minimal medium containing D-homoserine, the D-homoserine level was significantly higher in the ygeA-deficient strain than in the wild-type strain, in which it was almost undetectable. Additionally, D-homoserine was detected in YgeA-expressed E. coli cells cultured in minimal medium containing L-homoserine. The growth of the ygeA-deficient strain was significantly impaired in minimal medium with or without supplemental D-homoserine, while L-methionine, L-threonine or L-isoleucine, which are produced via L-homoserine, restored the growth impairment. Furthermore, the wild-type strain formed biofilms significantly more efficiently than the ygeA-deficient strain. Addition of L- or D-homoserine significantly suppressed biofilm formation in the wild-type strain, whereas this addition had no significant effect in the ygeA-deficient strain. Together, these data suggest that YgeA acts as an amino acid racemase and plays a role in L- and D-homoserine metabolism in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saitoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masumi Katane
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masae Sekine
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Homma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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38
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Wang G, Wang M, Yang J, Li Q, Zhu N, Liu L, Hu X, Yang X. De novo Synthesis of 2-phenylethanol from Glucose by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:6825456. [PMID: 36370454 PMCID: PMC9923381 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2- PE) is an aromatic alcohol with wide applications, but there is still no efficient microbial cell factory for 2-PE based on Escherichia coli. In this study, we constructed a metabolically engineered E. coli capable of de novo synthesis of 2-PE from glucose. Firstly, the heterologous styrene-derived and Ehrlich pathways were individually constructed in an L-Phe producer. The results showed that the Ehrlich pathway was better suited to the host than the styrene-derived pathway, resulting in a higher 2-PE titer of ∼0.76 ± 0.02 g/L after 72 h of shake flask fermentation. Furthermore, the phenylacetic acid synthase encoded by feaB was deleted to decrease the consumption of 2-phenylacetaldehyde, and the 2-PE titer increased to 1.75 ± 0.08 g/L. As phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is an important precursor for L-Phe synthesis, both the crr and pykF genes were knocked out, leading to ∼35% increase of the 2-PE titer, which reached 2.36 ± 0.06 g/L. Finally, a plasmid-free engineered strain was constructed based on the Ehrlich pathway by integrating multiple ARO10 cassettes (encoding phenylpyruvate decarboxylases) and overexpressing the yjgB gene. The engineered strain produced 2.28 ± 0.20 g/L of 2-PE with a yield of 0.076 g/g glucose and productivity of 0.048 g/L/h. To our best knowledge, this is the highest titer and productivity ever reported for the de novo synthesis of 2-PE in E. coli. In a 5-L fermenter, the 2-PE titer reached 2.15 g/L after 32 h of fermentation, suggesting that the strain has the potential to efficiently produce higher 2-PE titers following further fermentation optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinchu Yang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd. Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanxi Liu
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmei Hu
- School of Food and Bioengineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuepeng Yang
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Xuepeng Yang, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Dongfeng Road 5, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China. Tel.: +86-152-3712-7687; Fax: +86-0371-8660-8262; E-mail:
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Oguadinma IC, Mishra A, Kumar GD. Sunlight Parameters Influence the Survival and Decline of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in Water. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1614-1624. [PMID: 36040230 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The effect of variations in temperature, UV radiation, and sunlight intensity on Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Newport, and antibiotic resistant (ABR) variants of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Newport exposed to sunlight was evaluated. Bacterial strains suspended in sterile deionized water at a concentration of 8 log CFU/mL were exposed to sunlight on three different days for 180 min; control treatments were stored in the dark. The mean temperature of 30.08 and 26.57°C on day 1 and day 3, respectively, was significantly different (P < 0.05). The UV intensity was significantly different on all 3 days, and sunlight intensity significantly differed on day 3 (P < 0.05). Bacterial population decline positively correlated with temperature, sunlight, and UV intensity. Differences in bacterial population declines differed among species, ABR profile, and day of exposure (P < 0.05). On day 1 and day 2, the populations of E. coli dropped below the limit of detection (1 log CFU/mL), whereas the percentage of live cells was 67 and 6.6%, respectively. The artificial neural network model developed to predict bacterial survival under different environmental conditions suggested that Salmonella cells were more resistant than E. coli cells. The ABR strains had significantly higher numbers of viable cells after sunlight exposure (P < 0.05). Sunlight-exposed cells resuscitated in tryptic soy broth varied in maximum population density and maximum specific growth rate based on bacterial species and presence of ABR. Morphological changes such as viable but nonculturable state transition and filament formation were detected in subpopulations of sunlight-exposed bacteria. Daily fluctuations in UV and sunlight intensity can result in significant variations in bacterial decline and recovery. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Chukwuma Oguadinma
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223
| | - Abhinav Mishra
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Govindaraj Dev Kumar
- Center for Food Safety, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223
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Dubinsky V, Reshef L, Rabinowitz K, Wasserberg N, Dotan I, Gophna U. Escherichia coli Strains from Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases have Disease-specific Genomic Adaptations. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1584-1597. [PMID: 35560165 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Escherichia coli is over-abundant in the gut microbiome of patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Here, we aimed to identify IBD-specific genomic functions of diverse E. coli lineages. METHODS We investigated E. coli genomes from patients with ulcerative colitis [UC], Crohn's disease [CD] or a pouch, and healthy subjects. The majority of genomes were reconstructed from metagenomic samples, including newly sequenced faecal metagenomes. Clinical metadata were collected. Functional analysis at the gene and mutation level were performed and integrated with IBD phenotypes and biomarkers. RESULTS Overall, 530 E. coli genomes were analysed. The E. coli B2 lineage was more prevalent in UC compared with other IBD phenotypes. Genomic metabolic capacities varied across E. coli lineages and IBD phenotypes. Host mucin utilisation enzymes were present in a single lineage and depleted in patients with a pouch, whereas those involved in inulin hydrolysis were enriched in patients with a pouch. E. coli strains from patients with UC were twice as likely to encode the genotoxic molecule colibactin than strains from patients with CD or a pouch. Strikingly, patients with a pouch showed the highest inferred E. coli growth rates, even in the presence of antibiotics. Faecal calprotectin did not correlate with the relative abundance of E. coli. Finally, we identified multiple IBD-specific non-synonymous mutations in E. coli genes encoding for bacterial cell envelope components. CONCLUSIONS Comparative genomics indicates that E. coli is a commensal species adapted to the overactive mucosal immune milieu in IBD, rather than causing it. Our results reveal mutations that may lead to attenuated antigenicity in some E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Dubinsky
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leah Reshef
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Rabinowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nir Wasserberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Colorectal Unit, Division of Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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41
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Abstract
Conjugation driven by a chromosomally integrated F-plasmid (high frequency of recombination strain) can create bacteria with hybrid chromosomes. Previous studies of interspecies hybrids have focused on hybrids in which a region of donor chromosome replaces an orthologous region of recipient chromosome leaving chromosome size unchanged. Very little is known about hybrids with enlarged chromosomes, the mechanisms of their creation, or their subsequent trajectories of adaptative evolution. We addressed this by selecting 11 interspecies hybrids between Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium in which genome size was enlarged. In three cases, this occurred by the creation of an F′-plasmid while in the remaining eight, it was due to recombination of donor DNA into the recipient chromosome. Chromosome length increased by up to 33% and was associated in most cases with reduced growth fitness. Two hybrids, in which chromosome length was increased by the addition of 0.97 and 1.3 Mb, respectively, were evolved to study genetic pathways of fitness cost amelioration. In each case, relative fitness rapidly approached one and this was associated with large deletions involving recombination between repetitive DNA sequences. The locations of these repetitive sequences played a major role in determining the architecture of the evolved genotypes. Notably, in ten out of ten independent evolution experiments, deletions removed DNA of both species, creating high-fitness strains with hybrid chromosomes. In conclusion, we found that enlargement of a bacterial chromosome by acquisition of diverged orthologous DNA is followed by a period of rapid evolutionary adjustment frequently creating irreversibly hybrid chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bartke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Douglas L Huseby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Brandis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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42
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Schubert C, Kim NY, Unden G, Kim OB. C4-dicarboxylate metabolons: interaction of C4-dicarboxylate transporters of Escherichia coli with cytosolic enzymes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6679557. [PMID: 36044995 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolons represent the structural organization of proteins for metabolic or regulatory pathways. Here the interaction of fumarase FumB, aspartase AspA, and L-tartrate dehydratase TtdAB with the C4-dicarboxylate (C4-DC) transporters DcuA, DcuB, DcuC, and the L-tartrate transporter TtdT of Escherichia coli was tested by a bacterial two-hybrid (BACTH) assay in situ, or by co-chromatography using mSPINE (membrane Streptavidin protein interaction experiment). From the general C4-DC transporters, DcuB interacted with FumB and AspA, DcuA with AspA, whereas DcuC interacted with neither FumB nor AspA. Moreover, TtdT did not interact with TtdAB. The fumB-dcuB, the dcuA-aspA, and the ttdAB-ttdT genes encoding the respective proteins co-localize on the genome and each pair of genes forms co-transcripts whereas the dcuC gene lies alone. The data suggest the formation of DcuB/FumB and DcuB/AspA metabolons for the uptake of L-malate, or L-aspartate, and their conversion to fumarate for fumarate respiration and excretion of the product succinate. The DcuA/AspA metabolon catalyzes uptake and conversion of L-Asp to fumarate coupled to succinate excretion. The DcuA/AspA metabolon provides ammonia at the same time for nitrogen assimilation (ammonia shuttle). On the other hand, TtdT and TtdAB are not organized in a metabolon. Reasons for the formation (DcuA/AspA, DcuB/FumB, DcuB/AspA) or non-formation (DcuC, TtdT and TtdAB) of metabolons are discussed based on their metabolic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schubert
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nam Yeun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gottfried Unden
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ok Bin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Ten Doesschate T, Kuiper S, van Nieuwkoop C, Hassing RJ, Ketels T, van Mens SP, van den Bijllaardt W, van der Bij AK, Geerlings SE, Koster A, Koldewijn EL, Branger J, Hoepelman AIM, van Werkhoven CH, Bonten MJM. Fosfomycin Vs Ciprofloxacin as Oral Step-Down Treatment for Escherichia coli Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:221-229. [PMID: 34791074 PMCID: PMC8689999 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the noninferiority of fosfomycin compared to ciprofloxacin as an oral step-down treatment for Escherichia coli febrile urinary tract infections (fUTIs) in women. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in 15 Dutch hospitals. Adult women who were receiving 2-5 days of empirical intravenous antimicrobials for E. coli fUTI were assigned to step-down treatment with once-daily 3g fosfomycin or twice-daily 0.5g ciprofloxacin for 10 days of total antibiotic treatment. For the primary end point, clinical cure at days 6-10 post-end of treatment (PET), a noninferiority margin of 10% was chosen. The trial was registered on Trialregister.nl (NTR6449). RESULTS After enrollment of 97 patients between 2017 and 2020, the trial ended prematurely because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The primary end point was met in 36 of 48 patients (75.0%) assigned to fosfomycin and 30 of 46 patients (65.2%) assigned to ciprofloxacin (risk difference [RD], 9.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.8% to 28.0%). In patients assigned to fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin, microbiological cure at days 6-10 PET occurred in 29 of 37 (78.4%) and 33 of 35 (94.3%; RD, -16.2%; 95% CI: -32.7 to -0.0%). Any gastrointestinal adverse event was reported in 25 of 48 (52.1%) and 14 of 46 (30.4%) patients (RD, 20.8%; 95% CI: 1.6% to 40.0%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fosfomycin is noninferior to ciprofloxacin as oral step-down treatment for fUTI caused by E. coli in women. Fosfomycin use is associated with more gastrointestinal events. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial NL6275 (NTR6449).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Ten Doesschate
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kuiper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Nieuwkoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Hassing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Ketels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan P van Mens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Akke K van der Bij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E Geerlings
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Koster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Viecuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Evert L Koldewijn
- Department of Urology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlandsand
| | - Judith Branger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevohospital, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Andy I M Hoepelman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H van Werkhoven
- Department of Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J M Bonten
- Department of Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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44
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Simner PJ, Mostafa HH, Bergman Y, Ante M, Tekle T, Adebayo A, Beisken S, Dzintars K, Tamma PD. Progressive Development of Cefiderocol Resistance in Escherichia coli During Therapy is Associated With an Increase in blaNDM-5 Copy Number and Gene Expression. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:47-54. [PMID: 34618008 PMCID: PMC9402677 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As cefiderocol is increasingly being prescribed in clinical practice, it is critical that we understand key mechanisms contributing to acquired resistance to this agent. METHODS We describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM)-5-producing Escherichia coli intra-abdominal infection in whom resistance to cefiderocol evolved approximately 2 weeks after the start of treatment. Through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), messenger RNA expression studies, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibition analysis, we investigated the role of increased NDM-5 production and genetic mutations contributing to the development of cefiderocol resistance, using 5 sequential clinical E. coli isolates obtained from the patient. RESULTS In all 5 isolates, blaNDM-5 genes were identified. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for cefiderocol were 2, 4, and >32 μg/mL for isolates 1-2, 3, and 4-5, respectively. WGS showed that isolates 1-3 contained a single copy of the blaNDM-5 gene, whereas isolates 4 and 5 had 5 and 10 copies of the blaNDM-5 gene, respectively, on an IncFIA/FIB/IncFII plasmid. These findings were correlated with those of blaNDM-5 messenger RNA expression analysis, in which isolates 4 and 5 expressed blaNDM-5 1.7- and 2.8-fold, respectively, compared to, isolate 1. Synergy testing with the combination of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam demonstrated expansion of the zone of inhibition between the disks for all isolates. The patient was successfully treated with this combination and remained infection free 1 year later. CONCLUSIONS The findings in our patient suggest that increased copy numbers of blaNDM genes through translocation events are used by Enterobacterales to evade cefiderocol-mediated cell death. The frequency of increased blaNDM-5 expression in contributing to cefiderocol resistance needs investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Simner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heba H Mostafa
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yehudit Bergman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tsigereda Tekle
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayomikun Adebayo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Dzintars
- Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USAand
| | - Pranita D Tamma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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45
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Juengsanguanpornsuk W, Kitisripanya T, Boonsnongcheep P, Yusakul G, Srisongkram T, Sakamoto S, Putalun W. Improvement in the binding specificity of anti-isomiroestrol antibodies by expression as fragments under oxidizing conditions inside the SHuffle T7 E. coli cytoplasm. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1368-1377. [PMID: 35876636 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific analysis of isomiroestrol (Iso) is required for the quality control of Pueraria candollei, an herb used to treat menopausal disorders. The anti-isomiroestrol monoclonal antibody (Iso-mAb) exhibits cross-reactivity with miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol, which impacts the analytical results. Here, the active and soluble forms of the single-chain variable fragment (Iso-scFv) and fragment antigen-binding (Iso-Fab) against Iso were expressed using Escherichia coli SHuffle® T7 to alter the binding specificity. The Iso-scFv format exhibited a higher binding activity than the Iso-Fab format. The reactivity of Iso-scFv towards Iso was comparable to that of the parental Iso-mAb. Remarkably, the binding specificity of the scFv structure was improved and cross-reactivity against analogs was reduced from 13.3-21.0% to less than 1%. The structure of recombinant antibodies affects the binding characteristics. Therefore, the immunoassays should improve specificity; these findings can be useful in agricultural processes and for quality monitoring of P. candollei-related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tharita Kitisripanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Tarapong Srisongkram
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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46
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Yang T, Gao F. High-quality pan-genome of Escherichia coli generated by excluding confounding and highly similar strains reveals an association between unique gene clusters and genomic islands. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6638794. [PMID: 35809555 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pan-genome analysis of bacteria provides detailed insight into the diversity and evolution of a bacterial population. However, the genomes involved in the pan-genome analysis should be checked carefully, as the inclusion of confounding strains would have unfavorable effects on the identification of core genes, and the highly similar strains could bias the results of the pan-genome state (open versus closed). In this study, we found that the inclusion of highly similar strains also affects the results of unique genes in pan-genome analysis, which leads to a significant underestimation of the number of unique genes in the pan-genome. Therefore, these strains should be excluded from pan-genome analysis at the early stage of data processing. Currently, tens of thousands of genomes have been sequenced for Escherichia coli, which provides an unprecedented opportunity as well as a challenge for pan-genome analysis of this classical model organism. Using the proposed strategies, a high-quality E. coli pan-genome was obtained, and the unique genes was extracted and analyzed, revealing an association between the unique gene clusters and genomic islands from a pan-genome perspective, which may facilitate the identification of genomic islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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47
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Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Aguirre AA, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Ley-Quiñonez CP, Flores-Villaseñor H, León-Sicairos N, Velázquez-Román J, Elorriaga-Verplancken FR, Zavala-Félix KA, Hart CE, Canizalez-Román A. ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SEA LION (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS) PUPS IN NORTHWESTERN MEXICO. J Wildl Dis 2022; 58:500-11. [PMID: 35704501 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections have been documented in marine mammals for decades, and some are considered emerging pathogens with zoonotic potential. The aerobic oral (n=16) and rectal (n=17) bacterial microbiota and their antimicrobial resistance were characterized for 17 apparently healthy California sea lion pups (Zalophus californianus) captured with a hoop net in Farallon Island, Sinaloa, Mexico, in 2016. Bacteriologic cultures, Analytical Profile Index, and PCR were used to identify bacterial species. The Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups were identified by PCR, Salmonella serotypes were identified, and resistance to antibiotics was evaluated. Overall, 39 bacterial species were isolated, including E. coli and Salmonella spp. (35.9% each) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.2%). For E. coli, UNKNOWN phylogroup was the most prevalent (57.7%), followed by the A phylogroup (37.1%). Most Salmonella serotypes were identified as Newport (92.8%); serotype Saintpaul was also identified (7.2%). Sea lions with bacterial co-colonization included 24.2%, from which two bacterial species were isolated, and 3% with three species. Overall, 59% of bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested, and 25.6% were extensively drug resistant. Bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin and cefotaxime. This study demonstrates the importance of characterizing the microbiome of sea lions, and the potential effect of pathogens with antimicrobial resistance on wildlife conservation and public health.
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48
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Yamada Y, Nakagawa A, Sato F, Minami H, Shitan N. Transport engineering using tobacco transporter NtJAT1 enhances alkaloid production in Escherichia coli. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:865-869. [PMID: 35425955 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Transporters have been used in the production of plant metabolites in microorganisms. This study introduced a tobacco multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter, NtJAT1, into alkaloid-producing Escherichia coli cells. NtJAT1 expression enhanced alkaloid production secretion into the medium by 14 folds. Our findings further demonstrate the usefulness of the transport-engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Minami
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
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49
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Weerdenburg E, Davies T, Morrow B, Zomer AL, Hermans P, Go O, Spiessens B, van den Hoven T, van Geet G, Aitabi M, DebRoy C, Dudley EG, Bonten M, Poolman J, Geurtsen J. Global Distribution of O Serotypes and Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Collected From the Blood of Patients With Bacteremia Across Multiple Surveillance Studies. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e1236-e1243. [PMID: 35684979 PMCID: PMC9907479 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the leading cause of bacteremia worldwide, with older populations having increased risk of invasive bacterial disease. Increasing resistance to first-line antibiotics and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains represent major treatment challenges. ExPEC O serotypes are key targets for potential multivalent conjugate vaccine development. Therefore, we evaluated the O serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of ExPEC strains causing bloodstream infections across 4 regions. METHODS Blood culture isolates from patients aged ≥60 years collected during 5 retrospective E. coli surveillance studies in Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, and South America (2011-2017) were analyzed. Isolates were O serotyped by agglutination; O genotyping was performed for nontypeable isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also conducted. RESULTS Among 3217 ExPEC blood culture isolates, the most ubiquitous O serotype was O25 (n = 737 [22.9%]), followed by O2, O6, O1, O75, O15, O8, O16, O4, O18, O77 group, O153, O9, O101/O162, O86, and O13 (prevalence of ≥1%). The prevalence of these O serotypes was generally consistent across regions, apart from South America; together, these 16 O serotypes represented 77.6% of all ExPEC bacteremia isolates analyzed. The overall MDR frequency was 10.7%, with limited variation between regions. Within the MDR subset (n = 345), O25 showed a dominant prevalence of 63.2% (n = 218). CONCLUSIONS Predominant O serotypes among ExPEC bacteremia isolates are widespread across different regions. O25 was the most prevalent O serotype overall and particularly dominant among MDR isolates. These findings may inform the design of multivalent conjugate vaccines that can target the predominant O serotypes associated with invasive ExPEC disease in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd Davies
- Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brian Morrow
- Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aldert L Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Hermans
- Present affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar Go
- Janssen Research & Development, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Gunter van Geet
- Janssen Integrated Data Analytics & Reporting, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Moussa Aitabi
- Janssen Integrated Data Analytics & Reporting, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Chitrita DebRoy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward G Dudley
- Department of Food Science, E. coli Reference Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc Bonten
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Poolman
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Geurtsen
- Correspondence: Jeroen Geurtsen; Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, PO Box 2048, 2301 CA Leiden, the Netherlands ()
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50
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Xu X, Duarte ME, Kim SW. Postbiotic effects of Lactobacillus fermentate on intestinal health, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth efficiency of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6603433. [PMID: 35666999 PMCID: PMC9387594 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the supplemental effects of Lactobacillus fermentate (LBF, Adare Biome, France) on intestinal health and prevention of postweaning diarrhea caused by F18+Escherichia coli in nursery pigs. Sixty-four weaned pigs (6.6 ± 0.7 kg body weight) were allotted in a randomized complete block design to four treatments: NC: no challenge/no supplement; PC: E. coli challenge/no supplement; AGP: E. coli challenge/bacitracin (30 g/t feed); and PBT: E. coli challenge/LBF (2 kg/t feed). Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) was used as a source of bacitracin. On day 7, challenged groups were orally inoculated with F18+E. coli (2.4 × 1010 CFU), whereas NC received sterile saline solution. Growth performance was analyzed weekly, and pigs were euthanized at the end of 28 d feeding to analyze intestinal health. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS 9.4. During the post-challenge period, PC tended to decrease (P = 0.067) average daily gain (ADG) when compared with NC, whereas AGP increased (P < 0.05) when compared with PC; PBT tended to increase (P = 0.081) ADG when compared with PC. The PC increased fecal score (P < 0.05) during day 7 to 14 when compared with NC, whereas AGP decreased it (P < 0.05) during day 14 to 21 when compared with PC. The PC increased (P < 0.05) protein carbonyl, crypt cell proliferation, and the relative abundance of Helicobacter rodentium when compared with NC. However, AGP decreased (P < 0.05) crypt cell proliferation and H. rodentium and increased (P < 0.05) villus height, Bifidobacterium boum, Pelomonas spp., and Microbacterium ginsengisoli when compared with PC. The PBT reduced (P < 0.05) crypt cell proliferation and H. rodentium and increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacillus salivarius and Propionibacterium acnes when compared with PC. At the genus level, AGP and PBT increased (P < 0.05) the alpha diversity of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in pigs estimated with Chao1 richness estimator when compared with PC. Collectively, F18+E. coli reduced growth performance by adversely affecting microbiota and intestinal health. The LBF and BMD improved growth performance, and it was related to the enhanced intestinal health and increased diversity and abundance of beneficial microbiota in pigs challenged with F18+E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Xu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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