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Bager Christensen I, Ribas L, Mosshammer M, Abrahamsen ML, Kühl M, Larsen S, Dela F, Gillberg L. Choice of medium affects PBMC quantification, cell size, and downstream respiratory analysis. Mitochondrion 2024; 77:101890. [PMID: 38718898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution respirometry (HRR) can assess peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) bioenergetics, but no standardized medium for PBMC preparation and HRR analysis exist. Here, we study the effect of four different media (MiR05, PBS, RPMI, Plasmax) on the count, size, and HRR (Oxygraph-O2k) of intact PBMCs. Remarkably, the cell count was 21 % higher when PBMCs were resuspended in MiR05 than in PBS or Plasmax, causing O2 flux underestimation during HRR due to inherent adjustments. Moreover, smaller cell size and cell aggregation was observed in MiR05. Based on our findings, we propose that Plasmax, PBS or RPMI is more suitable than MiR05 for HRR of intact PBMCs. We provide oxygen solubility factors for Plasmax and PBS and encourage further optimization of a standardized HRR protocol for intact PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bager Christensen
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucas Ribas
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Mosshammer
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Kühl
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linn Gillberg
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Yoon H, Lee J, Kang I, Choi KW, Lee J, Jun JH. Enhancement of preimplantation mouse embryo development with optimized in vitro culture dish via stabilization of medium osmolarity. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2023; 50:244-252. [PMID: 37995752 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of the newly developed optimized in vitro culture (OIVC) dish for cultivating preimplantation mouse embryos. This dish minimizes the need for mineral oil and incorporates microwells, providing a stable culture environment and enabling independent monitoring of individual embryos. METHODS Mouse pronuclear (PN) zygotes and two-cell-stage embryos were collected at 18 and 46 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin injection, respectively. These were cultured for 120 hours using potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) to reach the blastocyst stage. The embryos were randomly allocated into three groups, each cultured in one of three dishes: a 60-mm culture dish, a microdrop dish, and an OIVC dish that we developed. RESULTS The OIVC dish effectively maintained the osmolarity of the KSOM culture medium over a 5-day period using only 2 mL of mineral oil. This contrasts with the significant osmolarity increase observed in the 60-mm culture dish. Additionally, the OIVC dish exhibited higher blastulation rates from two-cell embryos (100%) relative to the other dish types. Moreover, blastocysts derived from both PN zygotes and two-cell embryos in the OIVC dish group demonstrated significantly elevated mean cell numbers. CONCLUSION Use of the OIVC dish markedly increased the number of cells in blastocysts derived from the in vitro culture of preimplantation mouse embryos. The capacity of this dish to maintain medium osmolarity with minimal mineral oil usage represents a breakthrough that may advance embryo culture techniques for various mammals, including human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Yoon
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lee
- CNC Biotech Incorporated, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jaewang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Kim D, Bak MS, Park H, Baek IS, Chung G, Park JH, Ahn S, Park SY, Bae H, Park HJ, Kim SK. An Automated Cell Detection Method for TH-positive Dopaminergic Neurons in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Using Convolutional Neural Networks. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:181-194. [PMID: 37403226 DOI: 10.5607/en23001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons is essential for the preclinical study of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, manual analysis of immunohistochemical (IHC) images is labor-intensive and has less reproducibility due to the lack of objectivity. Therefore, several automated methods of IHC image analysis have been proposed, although they have limitations of low accuracy and difficulties in practical use. Here, we developed a convolutional neural network-based machine learning algorithm for TH+ cell counting. The developed analytical tool showed higher accuracy than the conventional methods and could be used under diverse experimental conditions of image staining intensity, brightness, and contrast. Our automated cell detection algorithm is available for free and has an intelligible graphical user interface for cell counting to assist practical applications. Overall, we expect that the proposed TH+ cell counting tool will promote preclinical PD research by saving time and enabling objective analysis of IHC images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Myeong Seong Bak
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of AI and Data Analysis, Neurogrin Inc., Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Haney Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of AI and Data Analysis, Neurogrin Inc., Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - In Seon Baek
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Geehoon Chung
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Park
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sora Ahn
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of East-West Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Yi ES, Ju HY, Cho HW, Lee JW, Sung KW, Koo HH, Kang ES, Ahn KM, Kim YJ, Yoo KH. Minimal dose of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without myelosuppressive conditioning for T-B+NK- severe combined immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109269. [PMID: 36804471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the medical records of five patients with T-B+NK- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) who received minimal dose allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) (total nucleated cell count (TNC) lower than 1.0 × 108/kg). Patients were administered a median of 5.0 mL of bone marrow or peripheral blood without conditioning (in four) or with anti-thymocyte globulin alone (in one). Three patients received HCT from a matched sibling donor, one from unrelated donor, and one from familial mismatched donor. The median TNC and CD34+ cells were 0.54 (0.29-0.84) × 108/kg and 0.61 (0.35-0.84) × 106/kg, respectively. Engraftment was achieved in all. Total T cell, CD4+ cell, and CD8+ cell recovery was obtained within a year in four, and immunoglobulin replacement was discontinued in all. All patients survived, exhibiting stable donor chimerism. We obtained sufficient therapeutic effects with minimal dose transplantation without intensive conditioning in patients with T-B+NK- SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sang Yi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Ju
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Won Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Sung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hoe Koo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Ahn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiency, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea; Cell & Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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To MNN, Kwak JT. Biparametric MR signal characteristics can predict histopathological measures of prostate cancer. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:8027-8038. [PMID: 35505115 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish a new data-driven metric from MRI signal intensity that can quantify histopathological characteristics of prostate cancer. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted on 488 patients who underwent biparametric MRI (bp-MRI), including T2-weighted imaging (T2W) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion-weighted imaging, and having biopsy-proven prostate cancer between August 2011 and July 2015. Forty-two of the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and the rest of 446 patients constitute the labeled and unlabeled datasets, respectively. A deep learning model was built to predict the density of epithelium, epithelial nuclei, stroma, and lumen from bp-MRI, called MR-driven tissue density. On both the labeled validation set and the whole unlabeled dataset, the quality of MR-driven tissue density and its relation to bp-MRI signal intensity were examined with respect to different histopathologic and radiologic conditions using different statistical analyses. RESULTS MR-driven tissue density and bp-MRI of 446 patients were evaluated. MR-driven tissue density was significantly related to bp-MRI (p < 0.05). The relationship was generally stronger in cancer regions than in benign regions. Regarding cancer grades, significant differences were found in the intensity of bp-MRI and MR-driven tissue density of epithelium, epithelial nuclei, and stroma (p < 0.05). Comparing MR true-negative to MR false-positive regions, MR-driven lumen density was significantly different, similar to the intensity of bp-MRI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS MR-driven tissue density could serve as a reliable histopathological measure of the prostate on bp-MRI, leading to an improved understanding of prostate cancer and cancer progression. KEY POINTS • Semi-supervised deep learning enables non-invasive and quantitative histopathology in the prostate from biparametric MRI. • Tissue density derived from biparametric MRI demonstrates similar characteristics to the direct estimation of tissue density from histopathology images. • The analysis of MR-driven tissue density reveals significantly different tissue compositions among different cancer grades as well as between MR-positive and MR-negative benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen Nhat To
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jin Tae Kwak
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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T-Krasznai E, Lerf V, Tóth I, Kisantal T, Várbíró G, Vasas G, B-Béres V, Görgényi J, Lukács Á, Kókai Z, Borics G. Uncertainties of cell number estimation in cyanobacterial colonies and the potential use of sphere packing. Harmful Algae 2022; 117:102290. [PMID: 35944954 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are notorious bloom formers causing various water quality concerns, such as toxin production, extreme diurnal variation of oxygen, pH, etc., therefore, their monitoring is essential to protect the ecological status of aquatic systems. Cyanobacterial cell counts and biovolumes are currently being used in water management and water quality alert systems. In this study, we investigated the accuracy of traditional colonial biovolume and cell count estimation approaches used in everyday practice. Using shape realistic 3D images of cyanobacterial colonies, we demonstrated that their shape cannot be approximated by ellipsoids. We also showed that despite the significant relationship between overall colony volume and cell biovolumes, because of the considerable scatter of cell count data the regressions give biased estimates for cyanobacterial cell counts. We proposed a novel approach to estimate cell counts in colonies that was based on the random close sphere packing method. This method provided good results only in those cases when overall colony volumes could be accurately measured. The visual investigation of colonies done by skilled experts has given precise but lower estimates for cell counts. The estimation results of several experts were surprisingly good, which suggests that this capability can be improved and estimation bias can be reduced to the level acceptable for water quality estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő T-Krasznai
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Verona Lerf
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Tóth
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kisantal
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Várbíró
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Vasas
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, Egyetem square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória B-Béres
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Görgényi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Áron Lukács
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kókai
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Borics
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Department of Tisza Research, Functional Algology Research Group, Bem square 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Nyíregyháza, PO Box 166, H-4401 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
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Muthu S, Mir AA, Kumar R, Yadav V, Jeyaraman M, Khanna M. What is the clinically significant ideal mesenchymal stromal cell count in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee? - Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2022; 25:101744. [PMID: 35004170 PMCID: PMC8719017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES We aim to identify the clinically significant ideal Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) count in the management of osteoarthritis of knee from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) available in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted independent and duplicate electronic database searches including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library till August 2021 for RCTs conducted in the management of knee osteoarthritis using MSC therapy specifying the quantity of MSCs delivered. We categorized the studies based on the MSC count utilized in them into four groups namely <1 × 107 MSCs (Group I), 1-5x107 MSCs (Group II), 5-10 × 107 MSCs (Group III), and >10 × 107 MSCs (Group IV). Visual Analog Score (VAS) for Pain, Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lysholm score, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and adverse events were the outcomes analyzed. Analysis was performed in R-platform using OpenMeta [Analyst] software. RESULTS 14 studies involving 564 patients were included for analysis. We noted incremental decrease in the VAS with increasing dosage of MSCs at 12 months [Group I,WMD = 2.641(p = 0.854); Group II, WMD = -4.853(p = 0.379); Group III, WMD = -12.154 (p = 0.316); Group IV, WMD = -15.935(p = 0.116)], and 24 months [Group I,WMD = -6(p = 0.001); Group II, WMD = -15(p = 0.001); Group IV, WMD = -20(p = 0.001)]. We also noted incremental improvement in the WOMAC, KOOS with increasing dosage of MSCs at 12 months [Group I, WMD = 7(p = 0.001); Group II, WMD = 28(p = 0.001); Group IV, WMD = 30(p = 0.001)] and [Group II, WMD = -2.562(p = 0.676); Group III, WMD = 7.670(p = 0.099); Group IV, WMD = 13.475(p = 0.261)] respectively. However, we noted significant reduction in the Lysholm score in Group IV, compared to the others at 12 months (WMD = -12.5, 95%CI[-25.883,0.883]) and 24 months (WMD = -6.6, 95%CI[-23.596,10.396]). We did not find any significant increase in the adverse events with incremental dosage of MSCs in any of the groups compared. CONCLUSION Compared to the four dosage groups of MSCs analyzed, Group III showed consistent significant improvement in pain and functional outcomes analyzed compared to the other groups. Hence, we recommend a cell volume of 5-10 × 107 cells to be delivered to the target site to obtain superior benefits out of the procedure. However, we urge future trials of sufficient quality to validate our findings to arrive at a consensus on the ideal count of MSCs to be delivered in the cellular therapy for knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Muthu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayaz Ali Mir
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Fellow in Orthopaedic Rheumatology, Dr. RML National Law University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijendra Yadav
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Computational modeling and simulation of viral dynamics would explain the pathogenesis for any virus. Such computational attempts have been successfully made to predict and control HIV-1 or hepatitis B virus. However, the dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 has not been adequately investigated. The purpose of this research is to propose different SARS-CoV-2 dynamics models based on differential equations and numerical analysis towards distilling the models to explain the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The proposed four models formalize the dynamical system of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which consists of host cells and viral particles. These models undergo numerical analysis, including sensitivity analysis and stability analysis. Based on the sensitivity indices of the four models' parameters, the four models are simplified into two models. In advance of the following calibration experiments, the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrices of these two models are calculated, thereby guaranteeing that any solutions are stable. Then, the calibration experiments fit the simulated data sequences of the two models to two observed data sequences, SARS-CoV-2 viral load in mild cases and that in severe cases. Comparing the estimated parameters in mild cases and severe cases indicates that cell-to-cell transmission would significantly correlate to the COVID-19 severity. These experiments for modeling and simulation provide plausible computational models for the SARS-CoV-2 dynamics, leading to further investigation for identifying the essential factors in severe cases.
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Xiao W, Liang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Teng P, Cao D, Zou S, Xu T, Zhao J, Tang Y. CD8 cell counting in whole blood by a paper-based time-resolved fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338820. [PMID: 34535251 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The number of CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD8 cells) in peripheral blood can directly reflect the immune status of the body and is widely used for auxiliary diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of diseases. There is an urgent need to develop a simple CD8 cell-counting platform to meet clinical needs. Our group designed a paper-based cell-counting method based on a blocking competition strategy. In addition, we developed a time-resolved fluorescence-blocking competitive lateral flow immunoassay (TRF-BCLFIA) for point-of-care CD8 cell counting that functions by measuring europium nanoparticle (EuNP)-labeled CD8 antibody probes that are not captured by CD8 cells, and we indirectly calculated the concentration of CD8 cells in samples. Within 30 min, four operation steps can provide an accurate CD8 cell count for a 75-μL whole-blood sample, and this approach can be implemented on a handheld device. The TRF-BCLFIA reliably quantified CD8 cells in whole-blood samples, in which the assay exhibited a linear correlation (R2 = 0.989) readout for CD8 cell concentrations ranging from 137 to 821 cells/μL. To validate this approach, our newly developed CD8 cell-counting tool was used to assess 33 tumor patient blood samples. The results showed a high consistency with a flow cytometry-based absolute count. This analysis approach is a promising alternative for the costly standard flow cytometry-based tools for CD8 cell counting in tumor patients in community clinics, small hospitals, and low medical resource regions. This technology would deliver simple diagnostics to patients anywhere in the world, regardless of geography or socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, PR China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Peijun Teng
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Dongni Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Siyi Zou
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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Jin Z, Zhu Y, Xie F, Zhang Y, Li N, Luo Y, Cao J. Contrast agent retention features in contrast-enhanced ultrasound: diagnostic performance for the prediction of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Imaging 2021; 80:131-138. [PMID: 34315016 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a new feature of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and its diagnostic performance for the prediction of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019, including 276 patients with 308 thyroid nodules who underwent CEUS examinations prior to surgery (90 patients, 122 nodules) or fine needle aspiration (186 patients, 186 nodules). Quantitative analysis of CEUS features was performed using time-intensity curves. After surgery, tissue sections stained with HE and an anti-CD34 primary antibody were used to characterize the cell number and microvessel density. The nodules were divided into retention and non-retention groups. RESULTS There were 168 malignant nodules and 140 benign nodules. The contrast-agent retention (CAR) feature was only observed in 52 papillary carcinomas. The CAR feature showed the sensitivity of 30.9% albeit the high specificity of 100%, for the diagnosis of thyroid cancers. The maximum slope coefficient of the washout index was significantly lower in the retention group than in the non-retention group (P < 0.001). The enhancement intensity during the late stage of enhancement index was significantly higher in the retention group than in the non-retention group (P < 0.001). The cell number and microvessel density in nodules with CAR features were higher (P < 0.001, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION The combination of the retention pattern of the CEUS observed herein with other CEUS features may be a useful tool to improve the diagnostic of the PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, General hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110018, China; Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Junying Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, General hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning province 110018, China.
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11
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Kaestner S, Sani R, Graf K, Uhl E, Godau J, Deinsberger W. CSF shunt valve occlusion-does CSF protein and cell count matter? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:1991-1996. [PMID: 33939001 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shunt obstruction is a common cause of shunt failure in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Valve occlusion is traditionally believed to originate from elevated CSF protein or cellular components, although detailed evidence is scarce and contradictory. Therefore, this study aimed to examine CSF protein and cell count as risk factors for valve obstruction. METHODS We retrospectively examined 274 patients who underwent shunt placement for hydrocephalus between 2009 and 2018 and had at least 1 year follow-up. Age, aetiology of hydrocephalus, valve type, occurrence of revision, reason for revision and CSF protein and cell count at the time of shunt insertion and revision surgery were analysed. RESULTS Thirty-two of 274 patients (11.7%) required revision surgery due to valve occlusion. Mean time to revision was 143 days. CSF white blood cell (WBC) count but not protein was associated with valve occlusion overall. Of all obstructed valve patients, 25% showed CSF protein level within the normal range, whereas 13.6% of the patients overall showed greatly elevated CSF protein level without evidence of valve obstruction. Persistently elevated CSF protein level at the time of shunt revision was significantly associated with valve obstruction within 90 days of initial insertion (early occlusion). Children with congenital malformations and post-haemorrhagic patients were significantly overrepresented in the occlusion group, particularly in the early occlusion group. CONCLUSION Pathological CSF values such as WBC count and persistently elevated protein level serves as a risk factor for early valve obstruction. Late obstruction occurs independent of normal CSF values. Infants are particularly prone to early and late valve obstructions. CSF protein level at shunt insertion is not predictive of valve occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kaestner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Kassel, Moencheberg Str. 41-43, 34125, Kassel, Germany.
- Kassel School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Rebekka Sani
- Kassel School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katharina Graf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Uhl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jana Godau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Kassel, Moencheberg Str. 41-43, 34125, Kassel, Germany
- Kassel School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Wolfgang Deinsberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Kassel, Moencheberg Str. 41-43, 34125, Kassel, Germany
- Kassel School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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12
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Salib CG, Reina N, van Wijnen AJ, Hanssen AD, Berry DJ, Abdel MP. Absence of signature inflammatory markers in synovial fluid for total knee arthroplasties revised for arthrofibrosis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2021; 107:102870. [PMID: 33639288 PMCID: PMC8087631 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current diagnostic criteria for arthrofibrosis are limited. Since many patients will be aspirated during their clinical course, synovial fluid analysis may supplement current diagnostic criteria for arthrofibrosis. The goal of this study was to determine a unique synovial fluid and inflammatory marker profile for diagnosing arthrofibrosis. HYPOTHESIS Patients with arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty will have a unique synovial fluid aspirate profile compared to control patients to aid in diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between 2013 and 2017, 32 patients (32 total knee arthroplasties [TKAs]) underwent revision TKAs for arthrofibrosis. Fourteen patients had pre-revision aspirations. They were 2:1 matched based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and year of revision to 28 patients who underwent aseptic revision TKAs for reasons other than arthrofibrosis (control group). Mean age at revision was 66years, with 64% males. RESULTS In TKAs revised for arthrofibrosis, mean total cell count was 828cells/uL. These aspirates contained a mean distribution of 46% macrophages (range: 4-76%), 31% lymphocytes (range: 11-68%), 21% neutrophils (range: 0-75%), 1% other cells (mainly synovial cells; range: 0-11%), and 1% eosinophils (range: 0-7%). There was no significant difference in mean total cell count (p=0.8) or mean distribution of macrophages (p=0.6), lymphocytes (p=0.1), neutrophils (p=0.2), eosinophils (p>0.9), or serum inflammatory markers (p>0.7) when compared to controls. All aspirations were culture negative for infection. DISCUSSION The profile of arthrofibrotic synovial fluid aspirates and serum inflammatory marker values were similar to patients revised for non-arthrofibrotic aseptic etiologies. This suggests synovial fluid and serum inflammatory markers in non-infected knees with arthrofibrosis should expect to have characteristics similar to synovial fluid and inflammatory marker profiles in other aseptic diagnoses. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III; retrospective case-control study.
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of neonatal meningitis often rests on microscopic and biochemical findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There is ongoing uncertainty about age-related normal values for CSF findings in neonates, and many previous studies have included infants in whom antibiotics were administered before lumbar puncture or in whom viral meningitis was not excluded. METHODS A systematic search was done using MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify original studies which investigated CSF normal values in either healthy neonates or febrile neonates in whom bacterial and viral meningitis were reliably excluded. RESULTS We identified seven studies investigating 270 term and 96 preterm neonates. There were minimal differences between preterm and term neonates in the CSF white blood cell (WBC) count and glucose concentration. In contrast, the CSF neutrophil count and protein concentration were influenced by gestational and chronological age. In the four studies that reported individual patient data, in 95% of cases the CSF WBC count was <12 cells/μL in preterm and <10 cells/μL in term neonates, the neutrophil count was <16 and 8 cells/μL, and the protein concentration was <210 and 110 mg/dL, respectively. CONCLUSION The normal range for CSF parameters in neonates is different to that in older infants, and some parameters are influenced by gestational and chronological age. CSF parameters alone are not sufficiently reliable to exclude meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatrics, Fribourg Hospital HFR, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Wang J, Zhang M, Guo Y, Hu H, Chen K. Quantification of surviving neurons after contusion, dislocation, and distraction spinal cord injuries using automated methods. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519869617. [PMID: 31456647 PMCID: PMC6702772 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519869617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes and validates an automated method for counting neurons in spinal cord injury (SCI) and then uses it to examine and compare the surviving cells in common types of SCI mechanisms. Moderate contusion, dislocation, and distraction SCIs were surgically induced in Sprague Dawley male rats (n = 6 for each type of injury). Their spinal cords were harvested 8 weeks post injury with 5 normal weight-matched rats. The spinal cords were cut, stained with anti-NeuN antibody and fluorescent Nissl, and imaged in the dorsal and ventral horns at various distances to the epicenter. Neurons in the images were automatically counted using an algorithm that was designed to filter non-soma-like objects based on morphological characteristics (size, solidity, circular pattern) and check the remaining objects for the double-stained nucleus/cell body features (brightness variation, brightness distribution, color). To validate the automated method, some of the images were randomly selected for manual counting. The number of surviving cells that were automatically measured by the algorithm was found to be correlated with the values that were manually measured by 2 observers (P < .001) with similar differences (P > .05). Neurons in the dorsal and ventral horns were reduced after the SCIs (P < .05). Dislocation and distraction, respectively, caused the most severe damage to the ventral horn neurons especially near the epicenter and the most extensive and uniform damage to the dorsal horn neurons (P < .05). Our method was proved to be reliable, which is suitable for studying different types of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA)-Yifu Science Hall, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA)-Yifu Science Hall, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China
| | - Yue Guo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA)-Yifu Science Hall, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA)-Yifu Science Hall, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China
| | - Kinon Chen
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA)-Yifu Science Hall, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, China.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Kessel F, Steglich A, Tschongov T, Gembardt F, Ruhnke L, Stumpf J, Behrendt R, Cohrs C, Kopaliani I, Todorov V, Gerlach M, Hugo C. New automatic quantification method of immunofluorescence and histochemistry in whole histological sections. Cell Signal 2019; 62:109335. [PMID: 31170471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunofluorescent staining is a widespread tool in basic science to understand organ morphology and (patho-) physiology. The analysis of imaging data is often performed manually, limiting throughput and introducing human bias. Quantitative analysis is particularly challenging for organs with complex structure such as the kidney. In this study we present an approach for automatic quantification of fluorescent markers and histochemical stainings in whole organ sections using open source software. We validate our novel method in multiple typical challenges of basic kidney research and demonstrate its general relevance and applicability to other complex solid organs for a variety of different markers and stainings. Our newly developed software tool "AQUISTO", applied as a standard in primary data analysis, facilitates efficient large scale evaluation of cellular populations in various types of histological samples. Thereby it contributes to the characterization and understanding of (patho-) physiological processes.
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16
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Wenzel DA, Kunzmann BC, Spitzer MS, Schultheiss M. Staining of endothelial cells does not change the result of cell density. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:327-8. [PMID: 30810847 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine the corneal endothelial cell density human donor corneas are usually placed in hypotonic balanced salt solution for unstained cell counting. Experimental studies often stain the corneal endothelium to highlight cells and cell borders and simplify counting. However, staining normally terminates the experiments. Up to date, there is no publication comparing endothelial cell counts before and after staining. This study compared the counting results of unstained (hypotonic balanced salt solution) and stained (trypan blue & alizarin red S) assessment of the corneal endothelial cell density. No evidence for significantly differing cell counts was found between unstained and stained analysis of the corneal endothelial cell density. Therefore, we consider unstained counting non-inferior to stained counting.
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17
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Hammoudeh SM, Hammoudeh AM, Hamoudi R. High-throughput quantification of the effect of DMSO on the viability of lung and breast cancer cells using an easy-to-use spectrophotometric trypan blue-based assay. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:75-84. [PMID: 30778673 PMCID: PMC6620243 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the main aspects investigated in potential therapeutic compounds is their effect on cells viability and proliferative ability. Although various methods have been developed to investigate these aspects, these methods present with shortcomings in terms of either cost, availability, accuracy, precision, or throughput. This study describes a simple, economic, reproducible, and high-throughput assay to quantify cell death and proliferation. In this assay, adherent cells are fixed, stained with trypan blue, and measured for trypan blue internalization using a spectrophotometric absorbance plate reader. Corresponding cell counts to the absorbance measurements are extrapolated from a standard curve. This assay was used to measure the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the viability of breast and lung cancer cells. Decrease in cell count associated with the increase in DMSO percentage and exposure time. The assay’s results closely correlated with the conventional trypan blue exclusion assay (Pearson correlation coefficient (r) > 0.99; p < 0.0001), but with higher precision. The assay developed in this study can be used for various applications such as optimization, cell treatment investigations, proliferation, and cytotoxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Musa Hammoudeh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Arabella Musa Hammoudeh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
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18
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Deniz ÖG, Altun G, Kaplan AA, Yurt KK, von Bartheld CS, Kaplan S. A concise review of optical, physical and isotropic fractionator techniques in neuroscience studies, including recent developments. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 310:45-53. [PMID: 30048673 PMCID: PMC6251756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stereology is a collection of methods which makes it possible to produce interpretations about actual three-dimensional features of objects based on data obtained from their two-dimensional sections or images. Quantitative morphological studies of the central nervous system have undergone significant development. In particular, new approaches known as design-based methods have been successfully applied to neuromorphological research. The morphology of macroscopic and microscopic structures, numbers of cells in organs and structures, and geometrical features such as length, volume, surface area and volume components of the organ concerned can be estimated in an unbiased manner using stereological techniques. The most practical and simplest stereological method is the fractionator technique, one of the most widely used methods for total particle number estimation. This review summarizes fractionator methods in theory and in practice. The most important feature of the methods is the simplicity of its application and underlying reasoning. Although there are three different types of the fractionator method, physical, optical and isotropic (biochemical), the logic underlying its applications remains the same. The fractionator method is one of the strongest and best options among available methods for estimation of the total number of cells in a given structure or organ. The second part of this review focuses on recent developments in stereology, including how to deal with lost caps, with tissue section deformation and shrinkage, and discusses issues of calibration, particle identification, and the role of stereology in the era of a non-histological alternative to counting of cells, the isotropic fractionator (brain soup technique).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kiymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Christopher S von Bartheld
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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19
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Lu ZX, Zhao ZH, Wang DD, Zhao L, Yang LM, Liu F, Huang YN. [The correlation between the cell density of local advanced lung cancer tumor and the ADC value of 3.0 T MRI diffusion weighted imaging]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 98:3332-5. [PMID: 30440123 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.41.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation between tumorous cellular density (TCD) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of 3.0 T magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in local advanced lung cancer. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2017, a total of 59 patients with locally advanced lung cancer confirmed by pathology in Shaoxing People's Hospital who underwent DWI by 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging were included.The ADC and TCD values of tumor were measured. The difference and correlation between ADC value and TCD in lung cancer were analyzed. Results: Among 59 lung cancer cases who were examined with DWI, 45 cases of TCD were obtained. Statistical analysis showed that the ADC value of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was significantly higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.011)and adenocarcinoma (P=0.004). TCD of small cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.007) and adenocarcinoma (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in ADC value and TCD between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (all P>0.05). There was negative correlation between the ADC value and TCD in lung cancer (P=0.001, r=-0.534). Conclusions: DWI is not only beneficial to distinguish SCLC from squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, but also can indirectly reflect the tumorous cellular density.It can provide a basis for monitoring the therapeutic effect of clinical lung cancer.
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20
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Zahedi M, Parham A, Dehghani H, Kazemi Mehrjerdi H. Equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: optimization of cell density in primary culture. Stem Cell Investig 2018; 5:31. [PMID: 30498742 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2018.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The primary cell seeding density of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) affects several cellular behaviors, including attachment to the culture dish, proliferation, and differentiation. Methods The aim of this study was to determine the best density of equine BM-MNCs in primary culture (P0) for obtaining the maximum bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) yields at the end of P0. Bone marrow samples of two healthy mares were aspirated. The MNCs were isolated and cultured at different densities (1×105, 2×105, 4×105, 8×105, and 1×106 cells/cm2). Within the 7th and 14th days after seeding, the colonies containing more than 15 cells were counted and the percentage of confluency and the number of cells were calculated on day 21. Results The lowest density of MNCs was associated with the least number of colonies, number of adherent cells, and confluency percentage, whereas the highest density was associated with the maximum number of colonies and confluency percentage (P<0.05). However, the maximum number of cells at the end of P0 was associated with the intermediate (4×105 cells/cm2) and the highest concentration (P<0.05). Conclusions The maximum number of MSCs at the end of P0 was obtained at the densities of 1×106 and, especially, at 4×105 cells/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Zahedi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Parham
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Stem Cell Biotechnology and Alterative Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Stem Cell Biotechnology and Alterative Regenerative Medicine Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Braun K, Stürzel CM, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Kirchhoff F, Lindén M. Comparison of different cytotoxicity assays for in vitro evaluation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:214-221. [PMID: 29940343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorimetric or luminogenic cytotoxicity assays are typically applied for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluations due to their easy handling and low cost. However, the results may be strongly assay-dependent. Furthermore, when applied to nanoparticle toxicity screening, nanoparticle-specific interferences can occur. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the assays for different classes of nanoparticles. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have emerged as a promising platform for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications but a comparison between the commonly employed colorimetric formazan-dependent MTT and WST-1 and luminescent ATP-dependent cytotoxicity assays is still missing. In this work, we evaluated the applicability of four different in vitro cell viability assays for the cytotoxicity analysis of three differently functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards TZM-bl indicator cells. The results derived from the colorimetric measurements of cell-viability were compared with results obtained by cell count experiments, flow cytometry, and optical microscopy. The correlation between the viability assay results and the viable cell count was observed to be both assay and particle dependent. The MTT assay generally overestimated the cytotoxicity of the mesoporous silica particles, while the WST-1 assay sometimes clearly underestimated their cytotoxicity and even suggested a viability exceeding 100%. Of the two ATP-based assays, the CellTiterGlo assay gave the best correlation with cell count data, although some particle-dependent effects were observed. In conclusion, ATP-based assays seem most suitable for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Braun
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Christina Martina Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Electron microscopy group of material science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Electron microscopy group of material science, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Meyerhofstraße 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mika Lindén
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Lumley SF, Pritchard D, Dutta A, Matthews PC, Cann K. Multiplex PCR reveals high prevalence of enterovirus and HHV6 in acellular paediatric cerebrospinal fluid samples. J Infect 2018; 77:249-257. [PMID: 29852190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila F Lumley
- Microbiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Mandeville Road, Bucks HP21 8AL, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Dave Pritchard
- Microbiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Mandeville Road, Bucks HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Atanu Dutta
- Paediatrics Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Mandeville Road, Bucks HP21 8AL, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK; Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kathy Cann
- Microbiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Mandeville Road, Bucks HP21 8AL, UK
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Surov A, Hamerla G, Meyer HJ, Winter K, Schob S, Fiedler E. Whole lesion histogram analysis of meningiomas derived from ADC values. Correlation with several cellularity parameters, proliferation index KI 67, nucleic content, and membrane permeability. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 51:158-162. [PMID: 29782920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze several histopathological features and their possible correlations with whole lesion histogram analysis derived from ADC maps in meningioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The retrospective study involved 36 patients with primary meningiomas. For every tumor, the following histogram analysis parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated: ADCmean, ADCmax, ADCmin, ADCmedian, ADCmode, ADC percentiles: P10, P25, P75, P90, as well kurtosis, skewness, and entropy. All measures were performed by two radiologists. Proliferation index KI 67, minimal, maximal and mean cell count, total nucleic area, and expression of water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) were estimated. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze associations between investigated parameters. RESULTS A perfect interobserver agreement for all ADC values (0.84-0.97) was identified. All ADC values correlated inversely with tumor cellularity with the strongest correlation between P10, P25 and mean cell count (-0.558). KI 67 correlated inversely with all ADC values except ADCmin. ADC parameters did not correlate with total nucleic area. All ADC values correlated statistically significant with expression of AQP4. CONCLUSIONS ADC histogram analysis is a valid method with an excellent interobserver agreement. Cellularity parameters and proliferation potential are associated with different ADC values. Membrane permeability may play a greater role for water diffusion than cell count and proliferation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Surov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany; Department of Radiology, Martin-Luther-university Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
| | - Gordian Hamerla
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Jonas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biometry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Schob
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eckhard Fiedler
- Department of Dermatology, Martin-Luther-university Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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Eriks J, Kristaps E, Liene P, Martins E, Dortane R, Rupaine B, Krapse S, Ieva B, Goncars V, Indrikis M, Andrejs E. Tissue evacuated during joint replacement procedure as a source of mononuclear cells. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2018; 28:457-61. [PMID: 29094213 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-017-2067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Different cell populations from bone marrow were used in various clinical trials for cardiac diseases during last decade. Four clinical studies are ongoing in our institution and enroll patients with cardiac diseases, coronary disease, type 2 diabetes, and osteoarthritis. The density gradient is used to separate bone marrow mononuclear cells. Joint replacement procedures were associated with significant loss of tissue. Usually, excess tissue as bone marrow, peripheral blood and fat are removed to clean operation site. The aim of this study is to prove whether removed tissue during joint replacement procedure can be considered as a significant source of mononuclear cells. Methods Excised tissue obtained during joint replacement procedure was collected by AutoLog system. Bone marrow tissue was collected by iliac crest puncture. Mononuclear cells from both sources were isolated by using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Flow cytometry was used to detect mononuclear cell, CD34+ population counts and cell viability. Tissue processing yields between the group of joint replacement and iliac crest puncture group were compared. Results Together, 34 bone marrow tissue processings were performed. On average, samples contained 46.31 ± 9.35 ml of bone marrow solution. Average cell yield in final product was 28.64 ± 9.35 × 106 MNCs and 0.77 ± 1.51 × 106 CD34+ population. In case of tissue removed during joint replacement nine processings were performed. On average samples contained 450 ± 157.69 ml of tissue solution. Average cell yield in final product was 76.67 ± 35.42 × 106 MNCs and 1.33 ± 0.97 × 106 CD34+ population. Conclusions Tissue processing analysis shows that tissue removed during joint replacement procedure can be assumed as a significant source of mononuclear cells. Methods used for bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell extraction can be applied to the excess tissue.
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Abstract
One of the first considerations in using an existing cell line or establishing a new a cell line is the detailed proactive planning of all phases of the cell line management. It is necessary to have a well-trained practitioner in best practices in cell culture who has experience in receiving a new cell line into the laboratory, the correct and appropriate use of a cell line name, the preparation of cell banks, microscopic observation of cells in culture, growth optimization, cell count, cell subcultivation, as well as detailed protocols on how to expand and store cells. Indeed, the practitioner should best manage all activities of cell culture by ensuring that the appropriate certified facilities, equipment, and validated supplies and reagents are in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A Reid
- ATCC, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
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Jumelle C, Garcin T, Gauthier AS, Glasson Y, Bernard A, Gavet Y, Klossa J, He Z, Acquart S, Gain P, Thuret G. Considering 3D topography of endothelial folds to improve cell count of organ cultured corneas. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:185-191. [PMID: 28397149 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The posterior side of the cornea is covered by the endothelial monolayer, which governs corneal transparency but cannot proliferate. Determination of endothelial cell density (ECD) is therefore the minimal and mandatory quality control in all eye banks. It avoids primary graft failures caused by endothelial insufficiency, and allows allocation of corneas to surgical techniques requiring different numbers of endothelial cells (ECs). Corneas stored in organ culture (17% of grafts worldwide), are characterized by heavy stromal swelling and numerous deep endothelial folds, up to 200 µm high. During microscopic en face observation, flat surfaces are thus exceptional and EC counting is biased by parallax errors, resulting in overestimated eye bank ECD (ebECD). We used a motorized transmitted light microscope to acquire Z-stacks of images every 10 µm, and processed them to reconstruct the 3D surface of the folded endothelium. This method (3D-ECD) takes into account the local point-by-point slope in order to correct ECD. On a set of 30 corneas, we compared 3D-ECD and ebECD determined on five identical zones at the center of the cornea. 3D reconstruction allowed us to visualize twice as many cells, and ebECD was 8.1 ± 4.5% (95%CI 6.4-9.7) higher than 3D-ECD, with 1744 ± 488 versus 1606 ± 473 cells/mm2. 3D counting makes it possible to increase cell sampling and to correct overestimation by the conventional en face counting still routinely performed in eye banks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Jumelle
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Thibaud Garcin
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne Sophie Gauthier
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Yaël Glasson
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Aurélien Bernard
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Yann Gavet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Zhiguo He
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Philippe Gain
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, SFR143, Faculty of Medicine, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Jean Monnet University, 10, Rue de la Marandiere, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Bd Saint Michel, Paris, France.
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Aghamir SMR, Mehrabani D, Amini M, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Nematolahi S, Shekoohi-Shooli F, Mortazavi SMJ, Razeghian Jahromi I. The Regenerative Effect of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells on Cell Count and Survival in Acute Radiation Syndrome. World J Plast Surg 2017; 6:111-113. [PMID: 28289623 PMCID: PMC5339619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mahmood Reza Aghamir
- Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Amini
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Nematolahi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shekoohi-Shooli
- Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of paramedical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Iman Razeghian Jahromi
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Susta L, He Y, Hutcheson JM, Lu Y, West FD, Stice SL, Yu P, Abdo Z, Afonso CL. Derivation of chicken induced pluripotent stem cells tolerant to Newcastle disease virus-induced lysis through multiple rounds of infection. Virol J 2016; 13:205. [PMID: 27919263 PMCID: PMC5139146 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a devastating disease of poultry and wild birds. ND is prevented by rigorous biocontainment and vaccination. One potential approach to prevent spread of the virus is production of birds that show innate resistance to NDV-caused disease. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows adult cells to be reprogrammed into an embryonic stem cell-like state capable of contributing to live offspring and passing on unique traits in a number of species. Recently, iPSC approaches have been successfully applied to avian cells. If chicken induced pluripotent stem cells (ciPSCs) are genetically or epigenetically modified to resist NDV infection, it may be possible to generate ND resistant poultry. There is limited information on the potential of ciPSCs to be infected by NDV, or the capacity of these cells to become resistant to infection. The aim of the present work was to assess the characteristics of the interaction between NDV and ciPSCs, and to develop a selection method that would increase tolerance of these cells to NDV-induced cellular damage. Results Results showed that ciPSCs were permissive to infection with NDV, and susceptible to virus-mediated cell death. Since ciPSCs that survived infection demonstrated the ability to recover quickly, we devised a system to select surviving cells through multiple infection rounds with NDV. ciPSCs that sustained 9 consecutive infections had a statistically significant increase in survival (up to 36 times) compared to never-infected ciPSCs upon NDV infection (tolerant cells). Increased survival was not caused by a loss of permissiveness to NDV replication. RNA sequencing followed by enrichment pathway analysis showed that numerous metabolic pathways where differentially regulated between tolerant and never-infected ciPSCs. Conclusions Results demonstrate that ciPSCs are permissive to NDV infection and become increasingly tolerant to NDV under selective pressure, indicating that this system could be applied to study mechanisms of cellular tolerance to NDV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-016-0659-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Susta
- US National Poultry Research Center, Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA, 30605, USA. .,Present address: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2 W1, Canada.
| | - Ying He
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Present address: College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 53004, China
| | - Jessica M Hutcheson
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yangqing Lu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ping Yu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- US National Poultry Research Center, Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
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29
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Jimenez X, Shukla SK, Ortega I, Illana FJ, Castro-González C, Marti-Fuster B, Butterworth I, Arroyo M, Anthony B, Elvira L. Quantification of Very Low Concentrations of Leukocyte Suspensions In Vitro by High-Frequency Ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 2016; 42:1568-1573. [PMID: 27067281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of very low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell (WBC) concentration is key to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, lethal if not promptly treated. Here we show that high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can detect CSF WBC in vitro in concentrations relevant to meningitis diagnosis with a much finer precision than gold standard manual counting in a Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber. WBC concentrations in a mock CSF model, in the range 0-50 WBC/μL, have been tested and compared to gold standard ground truth. In this range, excellent agreement (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.78-90) (Cohen 1960) was observed between HFUS and the gold standard method. The presented experimental set-up allowed us to detect WBC concentrations as low as 2 cells/μL. HFUS shows promise as a low-cost, reliable and automated technology to measure very low CSF WBC concentrations for the diagnosis of early meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Jimenez
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Shiva K Shukla
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Ortega
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Unit, Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Illana
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Unit, Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Castro-González
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Berta Marti-Fuster
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 02129 Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ian Butterworth
- Madrid-MIT M+Vision Consortium, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Arroyo
- Proteomic and Metabolomic Unit, Clinical Laboratory Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian Anthony
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139 Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis Elvira
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Surov A, Stumpp P, Meyer HJ, Gawlitza M, Höhn AK, Boehm A, Sabri O, Kahn T, Purz S. Simultaneous (18)F-FDG-PET/MRI: Associations between diffusion, glucose metabolism and histopathological parameters in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 58:14-20. [PMID: 27311397 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze possible associations between functional simultaneous (18)F-FDG-PET/MR imaging parameters and histopathological parameters in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS 11 patients (2 female, 9 male; mean age 56.0years) with biopsy-proven primary HNSCC underwent simultaneous (18)F-FDG-PET/MRI with a dedicated head and neck protocol including diffusion weighted imaging. For each tumor, glucose metabolism was estimated with standardized uptake values (SUV) and diffusion restriction was calculated using apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC). The tumor proliferation index was estimated on Ki 67 antigen stained specimens. Cell count, total nucleic area, and average nucleic area were estimated in each case. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze possible associations between the estimated parameters. RESULTS The mean SUVmax value was 24.41±6.51, and SUVmean value 15.01±4.07. Mean values (×10(-3)mm(2)s(-1)) of ADC parameters were as follows: ADCmin: 0.65±0.20; ADCmean: 1.28±0.18; and ADCmax: 2.16±0.35. Histopathological analysis identified the following results: cell count 1069.82±388.66, total nucleic area 150771.09±61177.12μm(2), average nucleic area 142.90±57.27μm(2) and proliferation index 49.09±22.67%. ADCmean correlated with Ki 67 level (r=-0.728, p=0.011) and total nucleic area (r=-0.691, p=0.019) and tended to correlate with average nucleic area (r=-0.527, p=0.096). ADCmax correlated with Ki 67 level (r=-0.633, p=0.036). SUVmax also tended to correlate with average nucleic area (r=0.573, p=0.066). Combined parameter SUVmax/ADCmin correlated with average nucleic area (r=0.627, p=0.039). CONCLUSION ADC and SUV values showed significant correlations with different histopathological parameters and can be used as biological markers in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Surov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Patrick Stumpp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Jonas Meyer
- Department of Radiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Gawlitza
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Höhn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boehm
- ENT Department, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Kahn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Purz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Angeleri A, Rocher A, Caracciolo B, Pandolfo M, Palaoro L, Perazzi B. New Biochemical Parameters in the Differential Diagnosis of Ascitic Fluids. Gastroenterology Res 2016; 9:17-21. [PMID: 27785319 PMCID: PMC5051108 DOI: 10.14740/gr700w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the cases of ascitis, it is essential to determine their origin using the parameters obtained by the cytological and biochemical examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of different biochemical markers and the number of cells in the differential diagnosis of ascitic fluid (AF). METHODS One hundred ninety-one cases of AF were studied, who were admitted to the hospital from January 01, 2009 to December 31, 2014. One hundred fifty-two of them were included in the analysis, and the remaining 39 were excluded because they had more than one associated pathology, clotted or hemolyzed. RESULTS The more frequent etiologies of AF were the cirrhosis (29%), the infections (22%) and the neoplasies (19%). Other pathologies reached 16%. Cutoff > 300 cells/mm3 detected the 78% of exudates. The AF/serum (S) of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (> 0.5), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (> 0.6), proteins (PT) (> 0.5), cholesterol (COL) (> 0.4), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (> 0.5) correctly detected 80%, 78%, 72%, 70% and 70% of the exudates, respectively. CONCLUSION We proposed the utilization of a new cutoff of cellular counting, major of 300/mm3, since it would allow improving the detection of exudate ascites, without including the transudate ascites. AST AF/serum ratio (AF/S) showed the major usefulness in the differentiation and characterization of AF; LDH, proteins, cholesterol and ALT might be also acceptable in the above mentioned differentiation. The serum-ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) turned out to be a good marker of portal hypertension associated with cirrhotic processes. Creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMI), total bilirubin (TB), triglycerides (TG) and glucose (GLU) did not allow differentiating exudates from transudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Angeleri
- Cytology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Rocher
- Cytology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Caracciolo
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Pandolfo
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Palaoro
- Cytology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Perazzi
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pagram H, Bivard A, Lincz LF, Levi C. Peripheral Immune Cell Counts and Advanced Imaging as Biomarkers of Stroke Outcome. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2016; 6:120-128. [PMID: 27771707 PMCID: PMC5122990 DOI: 10.1159/000450620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte levels may be modifiable outcome predictors of ischemic stroke. We sought to compare these immune cell parameters with advanced imaging assessment and the 90-day clinical outcome. Methods We used a retrospectively collected cohort of consecutive ischemic stroke patients presenting within 4.5 h of symptom onset who had acute CT perfusion and routine blood collection before treatment with intravenous thrombolysis and 24-hour MRI scanning at the John Hunter Hospital. Full blood counts were performed acutely at 24 h and 7 days. Patient outcomes were assed at 90 days after stroke with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results Overall, 142 patients were assessed during the study period. Patients with a poor outcome (mRS 3-6) had increased neutrophils (44% increase, p = 0.016), decreased lymphocytes (7% decrease, p = 0.491) and an increased lymphocyte-to-neutrophil ratio (196% increase, p < 0.001). Patients with good outcomes (mRS 0-2) did not have significant changes in their full blood counts. There was no relationship between the neutrophil count at 24 h and penumbral volume (r2 = 0.217, p = 0.212), reperfusion (r2 = 0.111, p = 0.085), or core growth (r2 = 0.297, p = 0.107). A backward multivariate analysis containing the 24-hour core volume and 24-hour neutrophil count was strongly related to the 3-month outcome (r2 = 0.477, area under the curve = 0.902, p < 0.001). Conclusions Peripheral neutrophils have potential as a biomarker of outcome when used in conjunction with advanced imaging. Peripherally measured neutrophil counts change significantly over time after stroke and may be potential targets for immunomodulatory therapy in patients with a severe stroke or a large infarct volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Pagram
- Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, N.S.W., Australia
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Mahajan MM, Cheng B, Beyer AI, Mulvaney US, Wilkinson MB, Fomin ME, Muench MO. A quantitative assessment of the content of hematopoietic stem cells in mouse and human endosteal-bone marrow: a simple and rapid method for the isolation of mouse central bone marrow. BMC Hematol 2015; 15:9. [PMID: 26161262 PMCID: PMC4496931 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-015-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolation of bone marrow cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, is a commonly used technique in both the research and clinical settings. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of cell populations isolated from mouse and human bone marrow was undertaken with a focus on the distribution of hematopoietic cells between the central bone marrow (cBM) and endosteal bone marrow (eBM). METHODS Two approaches to cBM isolation from the hind legs were compared using the C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ strains of laboratory mice. The content of hematopoietic stem cells in eBM was compared to cBM from mice and human fetal bone marrow using flow cytometry. Enzymatic digestion was used to isolate eBM and its effects on antigen expression was evaluated using flow cytometry. Humanized immunodeficient mice were used to evaluate the engraftment of human precursors in the cBM and eBM and the effects of in vivo maturation on the fetal stem cell phenotype were determined. RESULTS The two methods of mouse cBM isolation yielded similar numbers of cells from the femur, but the faster single-cut method recovered more cells from the tibia. Isolation of eBM increased the yield of mouse and human stem cells. Enzymatic digestion used to isolate eBM did, however, have a detrimental effect on detecting the expression of the human HSC-antigens CD4, CD90 and CD93, whereas CD34, CD38, CD133 and HLA-DR were unaffected. Human fetal HSCs were capable of engrafting the eBM of immunodeficient mice and their pattern of CD13, CD33 and HLA-DR expression partially changed to an adult pattern of expression about 1 year after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS A simple, rapid and efficient method for the isolation of cBM from the femora and tibiae of mice is detailed. Harvest of tibial cBM yielded about half as many cells as from the femora, representing 6.4 % and 13 %, respectively, of the total cBM of a mouse based on our analysis and a review of the literature. HSC populations were enriched within the eBM and the yield of HSCs from the mouse and human long bones was increased notably by harvest of eBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M Mahajan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Betty Cheng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Ashley I Beyer
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Usha S Mulvaney
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Matt B Wilkinson
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Marina E Fomin
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Marcus O Muench
- Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Ave., San Francisco, CA USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
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Cadena-Herrera D, Esparza-De Lara JE, Ramírez-Ibañez ND, López-Morales CA, Pérez NO, Flores-Ortiz LF, Medina-Rivero E. Validation of three viable- cell counting methods: Manual, semi-automated, and automated. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 28626709 PMCID: PMC5466062 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A viable cell count is essential to evaluate the kinetics of cell growth. Since the hemocytometer was first used for counting blood cells, several variants of the methodology have been developed towards reducing the time of analysis and improving accuracy through automation of both sample preparation and counting. The successful implementation of automated techniques relies in the adjustment of cell staining, image display parameters and cell morphology to obtain equivalent precision, accuracy and linearity with respect to the hemocytometer. In this study we conducted the validation of three trypan blue exclusion-based methods: manual, semi-automated, and fully automated; which were used for the estimation of density and viability of cells employed for the biosynthesis and bioassays of recombinant proteins. Our results showed that the evaluated attributes remained within the same range for the automated methods with respect to the manual, providing an efficient alternative for analyzing a huge number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cadena-Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18, No. 122-135, Pance, Cali, Colombia
| | - Joshua E Esparza-De Lara
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México C.P. 52400, Mexico
| | - Nancy D Ramírez-Ibañez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México C.P. 52400, Mexico
| | - Carlos A López-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México C.P. 52400, Mexico
| | - Néstor O Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México C.P. 52400, Mexico
| | - Luis F Flores-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México C.P. 52400, Mexico
| | - Emilio Medina-Rivero
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Probiomed S.A. de C.V., Cruce de carreteras Acatzingo-Zumpahuacán, Tenancingo, Estado de México C.P. 52400, Mexico
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Busschots S, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ, Stordal B. Non-invasive and non-destructive measurements of confluence in cultured adherent cell lines. MethodsX 2015; 2:8-13. [PMID: 26150966 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many protocols used for measuring the growth of adherent monolayer cells in vitro are invasive, destructive and do not allow for the continued, undisturbed growth of cells within flasks. Protocols often use indirect methods for measuring proliferation. Microscopy techniques can analyse cell proliferation in a non-invasive or non-destructive manner but often use expensive equipment and software algorithms. In this method images of cells within flasks are captured by photographing under a standard inverted phase contract light microscope using a digital camera with a camera lens adaptor. Images are analysed for confluence using ImageJ freeware resulting in a measure of confluence known as an Area Fraction (AF) output. An example of the AF method in use on OVCAR8 and UPN251 cell lines is included. Measurements of confluence from growing adherent cell lines in cell culture flasks is obtained in a non-invasive, non-destructive, label-free manner. The technique is quick, affordable and eliminates sample manipulation. The technique provides an objective, consistent measure of when cells reach confluence and is highly correlated to manual counting with a haemocytometer. The average correlation co-efficient from a Spearman correlation (n = 3) was 0.99 ± 0.008 for OVCAR8 (p = 0.01) and 0.99 ± 0.01 for UPN251 (p = 0.01) cell lines.
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Abstract
The purpose of this protocol is to enable the user to produce a recombinant protein using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
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Bremell D, Mattsson N, Wallin F, Henriksson J, Wall M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hagberg L. Automated cerebrospinal fluid cell count--new reference ranges and evaluation of its clinical use in central nervous system infections. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:25-30. [PMID: 24275252 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were to establish new reference ranges for leukocytes in the CSF and to examine if the separation of mononuclear cells into lymphocytes and monocytes could be used to differentiate between various CNS infections that present with a similar picture in manual CSF cell counts. DESIGN AND METHODS The automated cell counter Siemens ADVIA 2120 i was used. For the reference range section, we analyzed CSF from 80 neurologically healthy volunteers. For the differential diagnosis section we analyzed cell counts and hospital records from 175 patients with CSF mononuclear pleocytosis. RESULTS Correlation was good between automated and manual leukocyte counts for samples with erythrocyte counts <250 cells/μL. For the neurologically healthy volunteers studied in the reference range section, the 95th percentile was 3.0 cells/μL for lymphocytes, 1.0 cell/μL for monocytes and 1.0 cell/μL for granulocytes. In the differential diagnosis section, comparisons were done between the groups Lyme neuroborreliosis and viral CNS infection. There were no significant differences between these two groups regarding cell counts; neither for lymphocytes, median 58 cells/μL vs. 72 cells/μL (P = n.s.); nor for monocytes, median 13 cells/μL vs. 16 cells/μL (P = n.s.); nor for granulocytes, median 1 cell/μL vs. 2 cells/μL (P = n.s.) CONCLUSIONS We suggest new CSF cell count reference ranges of <4 cells/μL for lymphocytes, <3 cells/μL for monocytes and <3 cells/μL for granulocytes. The separation of mononuclear cells into lymphocytes and monocytes did not facilitate the discrimination between Lyme neuroborreliosis and viral CNS infection.
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Zhang W, McLamore ES, Garland NT, Leon JVC, Banks MK. A simple method for quantifying biomass cell and polymer distribution in biofilms. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 94:367-74. [PMID: 23916866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are ubiquitous and play an essential role in both environmental processes and hospital infections. Standard methods are not capable of quantifying biomass concentration in dilute suspensions. Furthermore, standard techniques cannot differentiate biomass composition. In this study, a user-friendly technique was developed for measuring biomass cell and polymer content in detached biofilms using a standard coulter counter. The method was demonstrated for an environmentally relevant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula grown in a bioreactor and also for a medically relevant strain of P. aeruginosa (PAO1) grown on standard growth pegs. Results were compared and validated by standard assays, including EPA method 1684 for measuring biomass, microscopic direct counts, and a crystal violet staining assay. The minimum detection limit for the coulter counter method (0.07 mg-biomass L(-1)) was significantly lower than the EPA method 1684 (1.9 ± 0.4 mg/L) and the crystal violet assay (1.1 ± 0.2 mg L(-1)). However, the coulter counter method is limited to dilute biomass samples (below 204 ± 16 mg L(-1)) due to clogging of the aperture tube. While biomass measurements are useful, the major advantage of the coulter counter method is the ability to directly determine EPS, cell, and aggregate fractions after mild chemical treatment. The rapid technique (4-5 min per sample) was used to measure biomass fractions in dispersed P. aeruginosa (Schroeter) and PAO1 biofilms. This technique will be critical for understanding biofilm formation/dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, 4190 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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