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López-Fernández FJ, Mezquita L, Vidal-Arenas V, Michelini Y, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Ortet G, Ibáñez MI. Big five personality traits, gaming motives, and regular and disordered gaming: A cross-national examination among college student gamers in seven countries. Addict Behav 2024; 156:108049. [PMID: 38733950 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown that personality traits and gaming motives are important predictors for explaining regular and disordered gaming. However, the mediating role of gaming motives in the relation between personality traits and video game outcomes (e.g., time spent gaming or disordered gaming) has been scarcely studied and limited cross-national studies have addressed this issue. The present study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of the Big Five personality traits on weekly gaming and disordered gaming via gaming motives across seven countries. METHOD 3540 college student gamers (59.5% women) from the U.S., Canada, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, South Africa and England completed the online survey. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test models. Multigroup models were employed to test model invariance across countries. RESULTS Significant, albeit weak, relations were found between personality traits and gaming outcomes, and were mediated mostly by coping motives in predicting disordered gaming, and by social interaction and recreation (to a lesser extent) motives in predicting weekly gaming. Some minor, yet significant, differences across countries appeared and are discussed in detail. DISCUSSION The present findings indicate that the differential interrelations between personality traits, gaming motives, and video gaming outcomes may be generalized in college students across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J López-Fernández
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Verónica Vidal-Arenas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi (CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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Roelfs DJ, Shor E. The problematic nature of existing explanations for differential immigrant mortality: Insights from a comparative cross-national systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 2024; 349:116897. [PMID: 38648707 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Empirical studies in multiple disciplines have frequently observed an immigrant mortality advantage. Yet, questions remain regarding the possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We obtained data from 61 studies of relative immigrant mortality from single origin-destination country pairings, providing information on immigrants from 77 origin countries. We systematically review the arguments made in these studies about origin-country factors that might influence immigrant mortality and then use meta-analyses to examine the veracity of these arguments. We find that most existing origin-country explanations for immigrant mortality patterns (e.g., health behaviors, genetic characteristics, environmental conditions, and socioeconomic conditions) are problematic or insufficient when accounting for differential mortality by origin country. We identify non-comparative analyses and geographic aggregation as the two major obstacles to understanding the mechanisms underlying the immigrant mortality advantage. We conclude by advocating for a risk-factor-based, cross-national approach.
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Abouelenin M, Hu Y. Food insecurity and affective well-being during COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:741-745. [PMID: 38220114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and climate crises have led to unprecedented food insecurity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), with ramifications for people's affective well-being. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between food insecurity and affective well-being in Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt, considering varied social protection responses across these countries. METHODS We analyzed data from the COVID-19 MENA Monitor Household Panel Survey (2020-2021) and employed hybrid mixed-effects models to differentiate within-person and between-person associations between food insecurity and affective well-being. RESULTS The findings show that higher food insecurity is associated with worse affective well-being, with significant cross-country differences. In Jordan, where extensive social protection was enacted during the pandemic, there is no significant within- or between-person association between food insecurity and affective well-being. By contrast, significant between-person associations are found in Morocco and Egypt, while within- and between-person associations are evidenced in Tunisia. These associations hold strong after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and household circumstances. LIMITATIONS Given COVID-19 restrictions, the sample was limited to the universe of working-age (18-64) mobile phone users, a demographic that often corresponds to higher levels of education and income. Therefore, the results of this study likely provide conservative estimates of the association between food insecurity and affective well-being in the full population. CONCLUSIONS The findings emphasize the critical role of food security in maintaining affective well-being, particularly in non-Western contexts during global crises. They underline the importance of integrating food security considerations into mental health care strategies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abouelenin
- Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Bowland North, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, Bowland North, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom.
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Xiang Y, Cao R, Li X. Parental education level and adolescent depression: A multi-country meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:645-655. [PMID: 38008290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent depression, as a common problem, has always been the focus of attention and research. However, no consistent conclusion has been drawn on its relationship with parental education level. Therefore, this study used meta-analysis and dose-response analysis techniques to explore the overall relationship between the two, and further explore the moderating factors affecting the relationship between the two through subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. After a literature search and screening, a total of 22 literatures were included, including 634,821 adolescents aged 9-25, distributed in 10 countries. The results showed that: (1) Overall parental education level was negatively correlated with adolescent depressive symptoms (RR = 0.88. p < 0.001), and there was a dose-response relationship between the two. (2) Geographical location (p = 0.002 < 0.05) and national economic development (p = 0.03 < 0.05) significantly moderated and affected the association between parental education level and adolescent depression, thus presenting a global inconsistency. The results of this study provide a more accurate conclusion on the relationship between parental education and adolescent depression to some extent, highlight the importance and necessity of considering family, economic and cultural factors when studying and solving adolescent depression problems, and guide us to pay more attention to the cross-regional and cross-cultural differences in adolescent depression problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan and Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Rong Cao
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan and Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Tao Xingzhi Research Institute, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China.
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Kujala S, Simola S, Wang B, Soone H, Hagström J, Bärkås A, Hörhammer I, Cajander Å, Johansen Fagerlund A, Kane B, Kharko A, Kristiansen E, Moll J, Rexphepi H, Hägglund M, Johansen MA. Benchmarking usability of patient portals in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Int J Med Inform 2024; 181:105302. [PMID: 38011806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor usability is a barrier to widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHR). Providing good usability is especially challenging in the health care context, as there is a wide variety of patient users. Usability benchmarking is an approach for improving usability by evaluating and comparing the strength and weaknesses of systems. The main purpose of this study is to benchmark usability of patient portals across countries. METHODS A mixed-methods survey approach was applied to benchmark the national patient portals offering patient access to EHR in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. These Nordic countries have similar public healthcare systems, and they are pioneers in offering patients access to EHR for several years. In a survey of 29,334 patients, both patients' quantitative ratings of usability and their qualitative descriptions of very positive and very negative peak experiences of portal use were collected. RESULTS The usability scores ranged from good to fair level of usability. The narratives of very positive and very negative experiences included the benefits of the patient portals and experienced usability issues. The regression analysis of results showed that very positive and negative experiences of patient portal use explain 19-35% of the variation of usability scores in the four countries. The percentage of patients who reported very positive or very negative experiences in each country was unrelated to the usability scores across countries. CONCLUSIONS The survey approach could be used to evaluate usability with a wide variety of users and it supported learning from comparison across the countries. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data provided an approximation of the level of the perceived usability, and identified usability issues to be improved and useful features that patients appreciate. Further work is needed to improve the comparability of the varied samples across countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Kujala
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Saija Simola
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Bo Wang
- Norwegian Centre for E-health Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hedvig Soone
- E-Medicine Centre, Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Josefin Hagström
- Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Bärkås
- Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Iiris Hörhammer
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Åsa Cajander
- Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bridget Kane
- Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Karlstad University Business School, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Anna Kharko
- Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Medtech Science & Innovation Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Kristiansen
- Norwegian Centre for E-health Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jonas Moll
- Center for Empirical Research on Information Systems, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Hägglund
- Participatory eHealth and Health Data Research Group, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika A Johansen
- Norwegian Centre for E-health Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Antczak R, Quashie NT, Mair CA, Arpino B. Less Is (Often) More: Number of Children and Health Among Older Adults in 24 Countries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1892-1902. [PMID: 37622727 PMCID: PMC10645313 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous evidence about the impact of parenthood on health for older adults is mixed, perhaps due to variation in number of children and context. Higher numbers of children could lead to support or strain, depending on individual and country contexts. Yet, no studies currently exist that examine associations between the number of children and several health indicators among older adults across multiple global regions. METHODS We analyze cross-sectional data (1992-2017) of 166,739 adults aged 50+ across 24 countries from the Health and Retirement Study family of surveys to document associations between the number of children, treated as a categorical variable, and 5 health outcomes (self-rated health, activities of daily living limitations, instrumental activities of daily living limitations, chronic conditions, and depression). We perform multivariable analyses by estimating logistic regression models for each country and each outcome. RESULTS Multiple comparisons between categories of number of children revealed at least 1 significant difference in each country, and a majority of significant differences indicated those with more children had poorer health. The risk of poorer health for parents of multiple children was observed in 15 countries, but in some countries, fewer children predict poorer health. The greatest number of differences was identified for depression and chronic conditions, and very few for functional limitations. DISCUSSION We observe a greater probability that more children are associated with poorer health in later life, especially for chronic conditions and depression. However, a universal global or regional pattern could not be identified. These findings raise new questions about how country contexts shape fertility and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Antczak
- Institute of Statistics and Demography, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nekehia T Quashie
- Department of Health Studies, College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christine A Mair
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruno Arpino
- Department of Statistical Science and Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Zwar L, König HH, Hajek A. Changes in Network Size, Quality, and Composition among Informal Caregivers in Different Welfare Clusters: Longitudinal Analyses Based on a Pan-European Survey (SHARE). Gerontology 2023; 69:1461-1470. [PMID: 37812929 DOI: 10.1159/000534187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study analyzed the association between transitions into informal caregiving, inside and outside their own household, and changes in network size, quality, and composition among older adults (≥50 years) in four different welfare systems in Europe. METHODS Data from waves 4, 6, and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe was used and included up to 110,823 participants (aged ≥50 years) from 12 countries. Participants were asked about informal caregiving inside and outside the household and their network size, quality (emotional closeness, contact frequency), and composition (family, friends, men, women). Adjusted linear and Poisson fixed effects regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Participants transitioning into any caregiving (inside or outside the household) had a larger network. More women and family members were found among all those transitioning into caregiving, but only outside caregiving was associated with more men and friends in the network. Transitioning into caregiving outside was associated with reduced network closeness and contact. Changes among caregivers outside were similar in all welfare states but were more pronounced among caregivers inside the household of Eastern Europe. CONCLUSION Different patterns of changes in network size, quality, and composition were found among adults transitioning into caregiving inside and outside the household. All parameters changed among caregivers outside the household. However, the welfare system played a key role in the network changes among inside household caregivers. Thus, the micro as well as the macro context of caregiving is important for the support network of informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Zwar
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Bhandari A, Burroway R. Hold the phone! A cross-national analysis of Women's education, mobile phones, and HIV infections in low- and middle-income countries, 1990-2018. Soc Sci Med 2023; 334:116217. [PMID: 37683500 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in the fight against HIV, the number of new infections remains unacceptably high, epidemics continue to grow in certain communities, and therefore AIDS continues to be one of the deadliest pandemics of our times. This study analyzes the rate of new HIV infections over almost 30 years in low- and middle-income countries. Previous research identifies two critical ways to address HIV prevention in developing countries: educating women and using mobile phones to improve health literacy and access to virtual healthcare. Our study bridges these literatures by evaluating how women's education and mobile technology work together to support the goals of HIV prevention in low- and middle-income countries. Using two-way panel fixed effects regression models of HIV incidence across 76 developing countries, we find that both increasing access to women's education and increasing access to mobile phones are associated with fewer HIV infections over time. Furthermore, we discover that women's education moderates the relationship between mobile phones and HIV. More specifically, mobile phones seem to be more beneficial for HIV prevention in cases where rates of formal schooling are low. However, at higher levels of women's education, the impact of mobile phones on new HIV infections is substantially reduced. Our findings have important policy implications for Information and Communications for Development (ICT4D) programs.
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Becker D, Meisenberg G, Dutton E, Bakhiet SFA, Alfayez FA, Essa YAS. International differences in the speed of cognitive development: A systematic examination of the existence of the Simber Effect. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104015. [PMID: 37708722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Simber Effect refers to the phenomenon whereby, in Arabic countries, young children have an IQ that is little different from that of Western children but that these differences increase throughout childhood culminating in a difference of around 20 points by adulthood. The true nature of this phenomenon is revealed by an examination of 125 samples from all around the globe measured with Raven's Progressive Matrices. We show that in many cases different speeds of cognitive development increase the IQ score differences between countries mostly between 4 and 9 years of age, and that these increases can in part be explained by poor environmental conditions. However, the patterns are not completely clear, either in terms of regularity or strengths. Methodological problems, in particular the cross-sectional designs of the included samples, as well as the significance of the Simber Effect for country comparisons in intelligence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becker
- Department of Psychology, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Fayez Abdulaziz Alfayez
- King Saud University, Educational Administration Department, College of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yossry A S Essa
- Arish University, Department of Special Education, College of Education, Egypt
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Sturm N, Koops JC, Rutigliano R. The Influence of Partnership Status on Fertility Intentions of Childless Women and Men Across European Countries. Eur J Popul 2023; 39:20. [PMID: 37395831 PMCID: PMC10317918 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-023-09664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a suitable partner is the most frequently given reason for unmet fertility intentions across European countries while having a partner is positively associated with the intention to have a child. However, once this relationship is framed within a life-course approach, existing evidence is mixed and inconclusive. The norm to have children within a stable relationship and norms regarding the timing of childbirth are acknowledged in many contemporary societies. Therefore, the presence of a partner might have a stronger effect on fertility intentions around the social deadline for fertility, which could explain the mixed findings in previous research. This article analyses how fertility intentions are influenced by partnership status and how this relationship varies by age and across countries. We use data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey to analyse a sample of childless men and women aged 18-45 years from 12 European countries. We implement logistic regression models to investigate the influence of having a partner on fertility intentions during the life course. Previous studies found that the positive influence of having a partner either decreases across the life course or does not vary significantly. This study reveals that the positive association between partnership and fertility intentions increases from the age of 18, proving that whether someone is in a partnership becomes more influential at later stages in life. After a certain age threshold, which varies across countries and gender, this positive association either turns insignificant, remains positive, or reverses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sturm
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Roberta Rutigliano
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Taliaferro LA, Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, McMorris BJ. Adolescent Predictors of Deliberate Self-Harm Thoughts and Behavior Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Cross-National Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:61-69. [PMID: 36914447 PMCID: PMC10293113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study builds upon and extends previous longitudinal research on deliberate self-harm (DSH) among youth by investigating which risk and protective factors during adolescence predict DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood. METHODS Self-report data came from 1,945 participants recruited as state-representative cohorts from Washington State and Victoria, Australia. Participants completed surveys in seventh grade (average age 13 years), as they transitioned through eighth and ninth grades and online at age 25 years. Retention of the original sample at age 25 years was 88%. A range of risk and protective factors in adolescence for DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood were examined using multivariable analyses. RESULTS Across the sample, 9.55% (n = 162) and 2.83% (n = 48) of young adult participants reported DSH thoughts and behaviors, respectively. In the combined risk-protective factor multivariable model for young adulthood DSH thoughts, depressive symptoms in adolescence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05; confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.09) increased risk, while higher levels of adolescent adaptive coping strategies (AOR = 0.46; CI = 0.28-0.74), higher levels of adolescent community rewards for prosocial behavior (AOR = 0.73; CI = 0.57-0.93), and living in Washington State decreased risk. In the final multivariable model for DSH behavior in young adulthood, less positive family management strategies during adolescence remained the only significant predictor (AOR = 1.90; CI = 1.01-3.60). DISCUSSION DSH prevention and intervention programs should not only focus on managing depression and building/enhancing family connections and support but also promote resilience through efforts to promote adaptive coping and connections to adults within one's community who recognize and reward prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Rogers ML, McMullen L, Liang Y, Perez N, Richards JA, Akülker G, Barzilay S, Bilici R, Blum Y, Chistopolskaya K, Dudeck M, Husain MI, Kuśmirek O, Luiz JM, Menon V, Pilecka B, Sadovnichaya V, Titze L, Valvassori SS, You S, Galynker I. Cross-national presence and sociodemographic correlates of the suicide crisis syndrome. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:1-8. [PMID: 36828142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Suicide Crisis Syndrome (SCS) has been proposed as an acute, pre-suicidal mental state that precedes imminent suicidal behavior; however, its cross-national applicability and sociodemographic correlates have not yet been determined. The present study assessed the presence and severity of the SCS in ten countries and examined several potential sociodemographic correlates (i.e., age, gender, marital status, race/ethnicity) of the SCS. METHODS 5528 community-based adults across 10 participating countries provided information on their SCS symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics in an anonymous online survey obtained via convenience sampling during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The SCS occurred cross-nationally, with rates ranging from 3.6% (Israel) to 16.2% (Poland). Those in the United States, South Korea, Poland, and Turkey had the highest severity of symptoms. Participants who were older, identified as cisgender men, and married tended to have lower rates of the SCS than their respective counterparts. There were minimal differences in the SCS by race/ethnicity. LIMITATIONS These data were both cross-sectional and collected via convenience sampling, limiting generalizability of findings and information about the SCS's predictive utility. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the cross-national presence of the SCS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic correlates aligned with those of suicidal behavior more generally, providing additional evidence for the concurrent/predictive validity of the SCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
| | - Lauren McMullen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yinan Liang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nazareth Perez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenelle A Richards
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shira Barzilay
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Yarden Blum
- Department of Psychology, College of Management, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Manuela Dudeck
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Germany
| | - M Ishrat Husain
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oskar Kuśmirek
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jhoanne M Luiz
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vikas Menon
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Larissa Titze
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Sungeun You
- Department of Psychology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Igor Galynker
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
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Michelini Y, Ibáñez MI, Pilatti A, Bravo AJ, López-Fernández FJ, Ortet G, Mezquita L. Motives to play videogames across seven countries: Measurement invariance of the Videogaming Motives Questionnaire. Addict Behav 2023; 140:107624. [PMID: 36701906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gaming motives appear to be an important predictor of time spent gaming and disordered gaming. The Videogaming Motives Questionnaire (VMQ) has shown adequate psychometric properties to assess gaming motives among Spanish college students. However, the utility of this measure has not yet been explored in other cultures. This research aimed to examine the structure and measurement invariance of the VMQ across seven countries and gender groups, and to provide criterion-related validity evidence for VMQ scores. METHOD College students who reported having played videogames in the last year (n = 5192; 59.07 % women) from the US, Canada, South Africa, Spain, Argentina, England, and Uruguay completed an online survey to measure time spent gaming, disordered gaming, and the VMQ. RESULTS Findings support a 24-item 8-intercorrelated factor model structure for the VMQ in the total sample. Our results also support configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the VMQ across gender groups and countries. Students from North America (US and Canada) scored higher on most gaming motives (except recreation and cognitive development) than students from the other countries. The correlations between VMQ and non-VMQ variables were similar across gender and countries, except in England where VMQ correlations with time spent gaming were stronger. DISCUSSION These results suggest that the VMQ is a useful measure for assessing gaming motives across young adults from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Michelini
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Francisco J López-Fernández
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
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Husby SM, Skalická V, Li Z, Belsky J, Wichstrøm L. Reciprocal Relations Between Conflicted Student-teacher Relationship and Children's Behavior Problems: Within-person Analyses from Norway and the USA. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:331-342. [PMID: 36301413 PMCID: PMC9908624 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that conflicted student-teacher relationships may increase behavior problems in children and vice-versa, but this may be due to confounding. We therefore analyzed their relation applying a within-person approach that adjusts for all time-invariant confounding effects, involving samples from Norway (n = 964, 50.9% females) and the USA (n = 1,150, 48.3% females) followed from age 4-12 years with similar measures. Increased parent-reported behavior problems forecasted increased student-teacher conflict to a similar extent in both countries (β = 0.07, p = .010), whereas teacher-reported behavior problems predicted increased student-teacher conflict more strongly in Norway (β = 0.14, p = .001) than in the US (β = 0.08, p = .050). Increased teacher-child conflict also predicted increased parent-reported (β = 0.07, p = .010), but not teacher-reported, behavior problems in both countries. Findings underscore the reciprocal relation between behavior problems and a conflictual student-teacher relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Merethe Husby
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Věra Skalická
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway ,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Cosma A, Bjereld Y, Elgar FJ, Richardson C, Bilz L, Craig W, Augustine L, Molcho M, Malinowska-Cieślik M, Walsh SD. Gender Differences in Bullying Reflect Societal Gender Inequality: A Multilevel Study With Adolescents in 46 Countries. J Adolesc Health 2022; 71:601-608. [PMID: 35817675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. METHODS Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models. RESULTS Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization. DISCUSSION Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ylva Bjereld
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Frank J Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Ludwig Bilz
- Department of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Wendy Craig
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lilly Augustine
- CHILD, School of Learning and Communication, Jönköping University Sweden, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Michal Molcho
- Discipline of Children's Studies, School of Education, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marta Malinowska-Cieślik
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sophie D Walsh
- Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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16
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Gmelin JOH, De Vries YA, Baams L, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Borges G, Bunting B, Cardoso G, Florescu S, Gureje O, Karam EG, Kawakami N, Lee S, Mneimneh Z, Navarro-Mateu F, Posada-Villa J, Rapsey C, Slade T, Stagnaro JC, Torres Y, Kessler RC, de Jonge P. Increased risks for mental disorders among LGB individuals: cross-national evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2319-2332. [PMID: 35851652 PMCID: PMC9636102 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, and LB women specifically, have an increased risk for psychiatric morbidity, theorized to result from stigma-based discrimination. To date, no study has investigated the mental health disparities between LGB and heterosexual AQ1individuals in a large cross-national population-based comparison. The current study addresses this gap by examining differences between LGB and heterosexual participants in 13 cross-national surveys, and by exploring whether these disparities were associated with country-level LGBT acceptance. Since lower social support has been suggested as a mediator of sexual orientation-based differences in psychiatric morbidity, our secondary aim was to examine whether mental health disparities were partially explained by general social support from family and friends. METHODS Twelve-month prevalence of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, eating, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders was assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview in a general population sample across 13 countries as part of the World Mental Health Surveys. Participants were 46,889 adults (19,887 males; 807 LGB-identified). RESULTS Male and female LGB participants were more likely to report any 12-month disorder (OR 2.2, p < 0.001 and OR 2.7, p < 0.001, respectively) and most individual disorders than heterosexual participants. We found no evidence for an association between country-level LGBT acceptance and rates of psychiatric morbidity between LGB and heterosexualAQ2 participants. However, among LB women, the increased risk for mental disorders was partially explained by lower general openness with family, although most of the increased risk remained unexplained. CONCLUSION These results provide cross-national evidence for an association between sexual minority status and psychiatric morbidity, and highlight that for women, but not men, this association was partially mediated by perceived openness with family. Future research into individual-level and cross-national sexual minority stressors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Ole H. Gmelin
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ymkje Anna De Vries
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Baams
- Department of Pedagogy and Educational Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guilherme Borges
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Graca Cardoso
- Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health and Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Digital Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Zeina Mneimneh
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- IDRAAC, Beirut, Lebanon
- UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERESP-Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Posada-Villa
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Charlene Rapsey
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago New Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Stagnaro
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pennay A, Törrönen J, Herold MD, Fenton L, MacLean S, Caluzzi G, Fairbrother H, Frank VA, Samuelsson E, Holmes J. "There's a lot of stereotypes going on": A cross-national qualitative analysis of the place of gender in declining youth drinking. Int J Drug Policy 2022; 108:103827. [PMID: 35985206 PMCID: PMC7614950 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Significant declines in drinking among young people have been recorded in many high-income countries over the past 20 years. This analysis explored the role of gender - which we interpret as socially constructed and relational - to provide insight into whether and how gender might be implicated in declining youth drinking. METHODS Interview data from four independent qualitative studies from Australia, Denmark, Sweden and the UK (n=194; participants aged 15-19 years) were analysed by researchers in each country following agreement about analytical focus. Findings were collated by the lead author in a process of 'qualitative synthesis' which involved successive rounds of data synthesis and feedback from the broader research team. FINDINGS Our analysis raised two notable points in relation to the role of gender in declining youth drinking. The first concerned the consistency and vehemence across three of the countries at which drinkers and states of intoxication were pejoratively described in gendered terms (e.g., bitchy, sleazy). The second related to the opportunities non- and light-drinking offered for expressing alternate and desirable configurations of femininities and masculinities. CONCLUSIONS We identified an intolerance towards regressive constructions of gender that emphasise weakness for women and strength for men and a valorisation of gendered expressions of maturity through controlled drinking. Though subtle differences in gendered drinking practices between and within countries were observed, our findings offer insight into how young people's enactions of gender are embedded in, and evolve alongside, these large declines in youth drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pennay
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jukka Törrönen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Maria Dich Herold
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Fenton
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah MacLean
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabriel Caluzzi
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Vibeke A Frank
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva Samuelsson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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18
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Heinz A, Sischka PE, Catunda C, Cosma A, García-Moya I, Lyyra N, Kaman A, Ravens-Sieberer U, Pickett W. Item response theory and differential test functioning analysis of the HBSC-Symptom-Checklist across 46 countries. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:253. [PMID: 36175865 PMCID: PMC9520881 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Symptom Checklist (SCL) developed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is a non-clinical measure of psychosomatic complaints (e.g., headache and feeling low) that has been used in numerous studies. Several studies have investigated the psychometric characteristics of this scale; however, some psychometric properties remain unclear, among them especially a) dimensionality, b) adequacy of the Graded Response Model (GRM), and c) measurement invariance across countries. METHODS Data from 229,906 adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 from 46 countries that participated in the 2018 HBSC survey were analyzed. Adolescents were selected using representative sampling and surveyed by questionnaire in the classroom. Dimensionality was investigated using exploratory graph analysis. In addition, we investigated whether the GRM provided an adequate description of the data. Reliability over the latent variable continuum and differential test functioning across countries were also examined. RESULTS Exploratory graph analyses showed that SCL can be considered as one-dimensional in 16 countries. However, a comparison of the unidimensional with a post-hoc bifactor GRM showed that deviation from a hypothesized one-dimensional structure was negligible in most countries. Multigroup invariance analyses supported configural and metric invariance, but not scalar invariance across 32 countries. Alignment analysis showed non-invariance especially for the items irritability, feeling nervous/bad temper and feeling low. CONCLUSION HBSC-SCL appears to represent a consistent and reliable unidimensional instrument across most countries. This bodes well for population health analyses that rely on this scale as an early indicator of mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heinz
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. .,Department of Health, IU Internationale Hochschule, Erfurt, Germany.
| | - Philipp E Sischka
- Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carolina Catunda
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines, 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alina Cosma
- Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Sociology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irene García-Moya
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Nelli Lyyra
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne Kaman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Vazsonyi AT, Ksinan AJ, Javakhishvili M, Scarpate JM, Kahumoku-Fessler E. Links Between Parenting and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Cross-Cultural Evidence from Ten Countries. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:667-683. [PMID: 33751285 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested the links between perceived maternal and paternal parenting and internalizing and externalizing problems across ten cultures (China, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States). Self-report data were collected from N = 12,757 adolescents (Mage = 17.13 years, 48.4% female). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models tested whether: (1) the six parenting processes (closeness, support, monitoring, communication, peer approval, and conflict; Adolescent Family Process, Short Form (AFP-SF, 18 items) varied across cultures, and (2) the links between parenting processes and measures of internalizing and externalizing problems varied across cultures. Study findings indicated measurement invariance (configural and metric) of both maternal and paternal parenting processes and that the parenting-internalizing/externalizing problems links did not vary across cultures. Findings underscore the ubiquitous importance of parenting processes for internalizing and externalizing problems across diverse Asian, European, Eurasian, and North American cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert J Ksinan
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Javakhishvili
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, USA
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20
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Shorette K, Burroway R. Consistencies and contradictions: Revisiting the relationship between women's education and infant mortality from a distributional perspective. Soc Sci Res 2022; 105:102697. [PMID: 35659052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The connection between women's education and infant mortality is one of the most consistent and powerful relationships established in public health. A large body of cross-national research highlights the benefits of women's access to education, especially for improving population health in developing countries. However, most of this literature assumes the relationship is uniform across cases. In this study, we revisit the education-health link using a distributional approach. To do so, we conduct a series of unconditional quantile regression analyses that estimate the impact of female secondary school enrollment on infant mortality rates across 153 countries from 1970 to 2016. This technique allows for the possibility that the relationship between education and health may vary across the distribution of mortality. Indeed, results show that the education advantage is distribution-specific. We find that the expected benefits of women's education are limited to the middle of the distribution where infant mortality rates range from about 11 to 55 deaths per 1000 live births. However, we find no significant effect where mortality is comparatively low or high. Both consistent with and contradictory to prior research, these findings provide a more nuanced picture of how women's access to education relates to global health inequalities.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the cross-national association between suicide rates and gun ownership rates. METHOD The association is estimated using the largest sample of nations (n = 194) ever employed for this purpose. Three different measures of national gun ownership rates are related to total suicide rates, firearms suicide rates, and non-firearms suicide rates. RESULTS Although gun ownership rates have a significant positive association with the rate of firearms suicide, they are unrelated to the total suicide rate. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the results of most prior macro-level studies, cross-national data indicate that levels of gun availability appear to affect how many people choose shooting as their method of suicide, but do not affect how many people kill themselves.
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22
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Lane TJ. Associations Between Firearm and Suicide Rates: A Replication of Kleck (2021). Arch Suicide Res 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35686601 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2083535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using data from n = 194 nation-states, Kleck found that firearm availability was only associated with firearm suicide rates, but not total or non-firearm suicides. He thus concluded that while firearm availability influences how people commit suicide, it does not affect total numbers. However, the study contains numerous logical and methodological issues and is at odds with the evidence base. Therefore, I attempt to reproduce the original results. METHOD I reproduce the original study's methods: ordinary least squares regression, weighted by the square root of the population, with log-transformed suicide rates and three separate firearm availability measures: global estimates from the Small Arms Survey, proportion of suicides committed with firearms, and a European Union survey of firearm ownership. I also test several methodological variations and include U.S. suicide data. RESULTS In contrast to Kleck, global analyses with Small Arms Survey data found a significant and positive association between firearm availability and total suicides, as did U.S. analyses. Analyses with other firearm availability measures comported with the original study, finding no association. CONCLUSION The main result in Kleck failed to reproduce, finding instead a significant association between firearm availability and suicide rates, as did U.S. analyses. While reproductions of Kleck's other analyses continued to show no association, they were based on unreliable methods. I therefore reject Kleck's conclusion that that firearm availability does not influence suicide rates. HighlightsUsing data global data, I find firearm availability is positively associated with suicide rates.I identify serious flaws in the logic and methods of Kleck and an earlier review.For transparency, data and code have been archived on a public repository.
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Polizzi A, Struffolino E, Van Winkle Z. Family demographic processes and in-work poverty: A systematic review. Adv Life Course Res 2022; 52:100462. [PMID: 36652318 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews ever published quantitative evidence on in-work poverty and family demographic processes in OECD and EU-28 countries. Despite the increasing attention to in-work poverty in Europe and beyond, a comprehensive and critical review on how family demographic processes shape in-work poverty risks is still missing. In this systematic review, we first provide a quantitative review of results from analyses that estimated the association between in-work poverty and parental home leaving, union formation, marriage, parenthood, and dissolution of non-marital and marital unions. This allows us to formulate tentative conclusions about whether and in which direction family demographic processes are associated with in-work poverty. Second, we discuss in detail conceptual and methodological advances in in-work poverty research, such as longitudinal analytical designs or attempts to make in-work poverty research more sensitive to policy context, gender, and the life course. Our review highlights theoretical and methodological challenges for future studies linking in-work poverty and family demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Polizzi
- Department of Sociology, Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Emanuela Struffolino
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Zachary Van Winkle
- Sciences Po, Observatoire sociologique du changement (OSC), CNRS, Paris, France; Department of Sociology and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Brailovskaia J, Margraf J. Addictive social media use during Covid-19 outbreak: Validation of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and investigation of protective factors in nine countries. Curr Psychol 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35615694 PMCID: PMC9122809 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Since the Covid-19 outbreak, addictive social media use increased in many countries. To better understand this development, a universal instrument for the assessment of addictive social media use is required. Against this background, we examined the psychometric properties of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) in representative population samples in nine countries (N = 9418, age range: "18 to 24 years" (youngest group), "55 years and older" (oldest group): China, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, U.K., U.S.). Furthermore, we investigated potential factors and mechanisms that could be associated with addictive social media use. Our cross-national findings show that the BSMAS is a unidimensional reliable and valid instrument. Moreover, they reveal that the negative association between positive mental health and addictive social media use is mediated by sense of control in seven of the nine countries (exception: China, Russia). Thus, it can be hypothesized that activities which increase positive mental health could indirectly contribute to the decrease of addictive social media use. We identified conscious engagement in physical activity and a regular sleep rhythm during the pandemic as such potential activities. The fostering of both by governmental programs could enhance positive mental health and reduce addictive social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brailovskaia
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Massenbergstr. 9-13, 44787 Bochum, Germany
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Castaldelli-Maia JM, Nesoff ED, Lima DR, Sanchez ZM, Martins SS. The first day of smoking abstinence is more challenging for women than men: A meta-analysis and meta-regression across 12 low- and middle-income countries. Addict Behav 2022; 128:107234. [PMID: 35007914 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintained abstinence during the first 24 h of a quit attempt is a critical predictor of long-term smoking cessation. Little is known about sex differences in the very early abstinence period, particularly in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with varying anti-smoking policies and female smoking prevalences. We examined female sex effects on one-day relapse in a cross-national sample from 12 LMICs. METHODS Data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2008-2012) included nationally representative samples from 12 LMICs restricted to smokers with ≥ 1 quit attempt in the past 12 months (n = 16,576). We ran adjusted logistic regression models for female sex effects on one-day relapse, adjusting for nine individual-level demographics (e.g., age, education, age at smoking initiation) and smoking cessation variables (e.g., exposure to health warnings, receipt of counseling). We then conducted a meta-analysis adjusted for national-level and policy measures through meta-regression (e.g., cigarette consumption per capita, percent of cigarette box covered with warning labels). RESULTS One-day relapse prevalence varied across countries (2.7-13.6%). The odds of one-day relapse were significantly higher for women than for men in six countries (adjusted for nine individual-level sociodemographic variables), and there were no significant sex differences in the remaining six countries. Result remained significant after meta-regressions for national-level tobacco consumption and policy measures. Sensitivity analyses showed that the odds of one-day relapse for women remained significant when excluding countries with both higher and lower relative rates of female smoking. Larger warning labels on cigarette packs were associated with reduced odds of one-day relapse among women. CONCLUSION The first day of a quit attempt is more challenging for women than men in LMICs. Tailored interventions incorporating national policies, in addition to counseling and pharmacotherapy, could play an essential role in supporting women during the initial abstinence phase of smoking cessation in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, ABC Health University Center, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, US.
| | - Elizabeth D Nesoff
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle R Lima
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, US
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Testa A, Weiss DB, Santos MR. Opioid mortality, public health care expenditures, and cross-national homicide rates: findings from 25 OECD countries, 2000-2017. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:673-682. [PMID: 34591120 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assesses the relationship between opioid mortality and homicide rates across 25 member countries of the organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) over time and investigates the role of country-level public health expenditures in this relationship. METHODS Fixed effects linear regression is used to assess the longitudinal association between opioid mortality and cross-national homicide rates in 25 OECD countries between 2000 and 2017. Moderation analyses are conducted to assess the interaction between opioid mortality rates and public health expenditures per capita. RESULTS Study findings revealed a positive bivariate association between opioid mortality and homicide rates. However, this association became null after controlling for public health expenditures. Moderation analyses revealed that there is a strong positive association between opioid mortality and homicide rates when public health expenditures are low, which becomes gradually weaker at higher levels of health expenditures. CONCLUSION This study suggests one consequence of the opioid epidemic may be increased homicide rates, and this association is stronger in countries with lower public health expenditures. These findings highlight the potential role of governments to combat the associated harms of rising opioid use through greater investments in public health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd, San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
| | - Douglas B Weiss
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Mateus R Santos
- Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Ortet G, Ibáñez MI. Quantifying cannabis problems among college students from English and Spanish speaking countries: Cross-cultural validation of the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R). Addict Behav 2022; 127:107209. [PMID: 34959075 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test - Revised (CUDIT-R) is a broadly employed measure of cannabis-related problems. However, minimal research has tested the measurement invariance of the CUDIT-R among youths from different countries, hindering cross-national comparisons. Thus, the present study aimed to test the measurement invariance of the CUDIT-R between seven countries and gender groups, and provide different sources of reliability and validity evidence of the scale. METHODS A sample of 4,712 college student lifetime cannabis users (mean age = 20.57, SD = 3.97; 70.4% females) from seven countries completed the CUDIT-R. Last 30-day cannabis users (n = 2402; mean age = 20.09, SD = 3.18; 67.7% females) additionally completed another measure of cannabis-related problems, and measures of cannabis frequency, quantity and motives. RESULTS Multigroup analysis showed configural (equal number of factors and pattern of factor-indicator relationships), metric (equal factor loadings) and scalar (equal thresholds) invariance of the CUDIT-R across five countries and across gender in the sample of lifetime cannabis users. Cronbach's alphas and ordinal omegas ranked from .72 and .85. Large correlations were found between the CUDIT-R and another cannabis-related problem scale. Small to large associations were found between the CUDIT-R and other criterion variables (frequency and quantity of consumption and cannabis-related motives) providing convergent and discriminant validity evidence. Only a few differences in the magnitude of the correlations across countries were found. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the CUDIT-R is a suitable measure to assess cannabis-related problems among college student from the U.S., Canada, South Africa, Spain, and Argentina and across gender groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló, Spain.
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Generós Ortet
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló, Spain
| | - Manuel I Ibáñez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castelló, Spain
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Yount KM, Cheong YF, Khan Z, Bergenfeld I, Kaslow N, Clark CJ. Global measurement of intimate partner violence to monitor Sustainable Development Goal 5. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:465. [PMID: 35260134 PMCID: PMC8903149 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One third of women experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and potential sequelae. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.2-to eliminate violence against women, including IPV-compels states to monitor such violence. We conducted the first global measurement-invariance assessment of standardised item sets for IPV. METHODS Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 36 Lower-/Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) administering 18 IPV items during 2012-2018 were included. Analyses were performed separately for two items sets: lifetime physical IPV (seven items) and controlling behaviours (five items). We performed country-specific exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA). Datasets meeting benchmarks for acceptable item loadings and model-fit statistics were included in multiple-group CFA (MGCFA) to test for exact measurement invariance. Based on findings, alignment optimization (AO) was performed to assess approximate measurement invariance (< 25% of model parameters non-invariant). For each item set, national rankings based on AO-derived scores and on prevalence estimates were compared. AO-derived scores were correlated with type-specific IPV prevalences to assess correspondence. RESULTS National rates of physical IPV (5.6-50.5%) and controlling behavior (25.9-84.7%) varied. For each item set, item loadings and model-fit statistics were adequate in country-specific, unidimensional EFAs and CFAs. Both unidimensional constructs lacked exact invariance in MGCFA but achieved approximate invariance in AO analysis (12.3% of model parameters for physical IPV and 6.7% for controlling behaviour non-invariant). For both item sets, national rankings based on AO-derived scores were distributed similarly to rankings based on prevalence. However, estimates often were not significantly different cross-nationally, precluding national-level comparisons regardless of estimation strategy. Three physical-IPV items (slap, twist, choke) and two controlling-behaviour items (meet female friends; contact with family) warrant cognitive testing to improve their psychometric properties. Correlations of AO-derived scores for physical IPV (0.48-0.66) and controlling behaviours (0.49-0.87) with prevalences of lifetime physical, sexual, psychological IPV as well as controlling behaviour varied. CONCLUSIONS Seven DHS lifetime physical-IPV items and five DHS controlling-behaviour items were approximately invariant across 36 LMICs spanning five world regions, such that cross-national comparisons of factor means are reasonable. Measurement-invariance testing over time will inform their utility to monitor SDG5.2.1; cross-national, cross-time measurement-invariance testing of improved sexual and psychological IPV item-sets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Yount
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Room 7029, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Yuk Fai Cheong
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zara Khan
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Irina Bergenfeld
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Room 7029, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Cari Jo Clark
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, NE, Room 7029, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Husky MM, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Goelitz D, Koç C, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Otten R, Kovess-Masfety V. Bullying involvement and suicidal ideation in elementary school children across Europe. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:281-286. [PMID: 34915081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying involvement is associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents, yet there are no studies examining this issue among younger children. METHODS The School Children Mental Health in Europe study was conducted in seven countries in 2010 using similar methods to collect cross-sectional data from children, parents, and teachers. Suicidal ideation and thoughts of death were assessed using the Dominic Interactive among children. Parent and teacher reports were used to determine bullying involvement. The sample comprised n = 5,183 children ages 6 to 11 identified as bullies (n = 740, 14.3%), victims (n = 945, 18.2%), bully-victims (n = 984, 18.2%) and not involved in bullying (n = 2,514, 48.5%). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association of bullying involvement with suicidal ideation and thoughts of death. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was reported by 13.3% of those not involved in bullying, 17.1% of victims, 19.6% of bullies and 24.4% of bully-victims. Similarly, thoughts of death were reported by 19.0% of victims, 24.3% of bullies, and 25.0% of bully-victims. Children identified as being involved were more likely than those not involved to report suicidal ideation in bivariate analyses. When controlling for psychopathology and for maternal distress among other factors, the association remained significant for bullies (AOR=1.30, 95%CI=1.01-1.66), bully-victims (AOR=1.54, 95%CI=1.22-1.94), but not for victims (AOR=1.02, 95%CI=0.80-1.30). LIMITATIONS The study is cross-sectional. The assessment of bullying may have underestimated victimization. CONCLUSIONS The association of bullying involvement and child suicidal ideation is present among elementary school children across Europe, using multiple informants to avoid shared variance biases, and adjusting for key factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M Husky
- Laboratoire de psychologie EA4139, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consulenza e Psicosomatica Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Theology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Roy Otten
- Pluryn, Research & Development, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ares G, Ha B, Jaeger SR. Consumer attitudes to vertical farming (indoor plant factory with artificial lighting) in China, Singapore, UK, and USA: A multi-method study. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110811. [PMID: 34863501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Major changes are needed both with regard to what we eat and how food is produced. The latter is the focus of the present research, specifically the rise of controlled environment agriculture. In this context, empirical research is presented on consumer attitudes to vertical farming (VF) (i.e., indoor plant factory with artificial lighting), conducted in four countries (USA, UK, Singapore, and China) using online surveys (637-683 participants per country with matched gender and age group distributions). A multi-method research approach was used, including a novel methodology of text highlighting, which requires that participants read a descriptive text about VF with mentions of pros and cons and use highlighter functions to select aspects of the text that they 'like' and 'dislike'. Based on the information provided in the text, attitudes towards VF were largely positive in the four countries. The characteristics of VF that aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals were identified as key drivers of positive attitudes (i.e., higher yield, reduction of carbon emissions, and securing access to food). On the other hand, high energy use and premium prices contributed to negative attitudes about VF. Although the majority of participants responded to the text with an overall positive attitude towards VF, there were smaller groups of participants in every country who expressed a negative or neutral/ambivalent attitude. These between-segment differences were larger than cross-cultural differences, although the latter did exist, particularly for selected aspects of VF. For example, Chinese participants tended to be the least negative about the use of robots to help planting and harvesting. Future research is needed to understand consumer responses to aspects VF not covered in the text (e.g., powering VF with renewable energy, product range), and consumer insights about VF should be sought in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Ares
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República. By Pass de Rutas 8 y 101 s/n, CP 91000 Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Birgit Ha
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Private Bag 92169, Victoria Street West, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sara R Jaeger
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Private Bag 92169, Victoria Street West, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Adamczyk A, Liu YH, Scott J. Understanding the role of religion in shaping cross-national and domestic attitudes and interest in abortion, homosexuality, and pornography using traditional and Google search data. Soc Sci Res 2021; 100:102602. [PMID: 34627554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, internet usage has increased substantially, providing an inexpensive source of data that may be less prone to bias and could provide a greater number of meso and macro units. However, validating big data and their usefulness has been challenging. This study uses established sources to validate Google Trends' search interest in the "Bible" across US Designated Market Areas and "Ramadan" across nations, establishing a potential new source of religion data. We then use these measures to show that people from religiously conservative US areas and countries are more likely to disapprove of homosexuality, abortion and pornography. Conversely, Americans from conservative religious areas are also more likely to search for these topics; and cross-national interest in Islam is associated with increased interest in pornography. Our study offers insight into Google Trends' potential for social science research and a roadmap on how to use these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Adamczyk
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, United States.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Liu
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, United States
| | - Jacqueline Scott
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, United States
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Newmyer L, Verdery AM, Margolis R, Pessin L. Measuring Older Adult Loneliness Across Countries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1408-1414. [PMID: 32756903 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The topic of older adult loneliness commands increasing media and policy attention around the world. Are surveys of aging equipped to measure it? We assess the measurement of loneliness in large-scale aging studies in 31 countries by describing the available measures, testing correlations between them, and documenting their construct validity. METHODS We use data from several "sister studies" of aging adults around the world. In each country, we document available loneliness measures, test for measurement reliability by examining correlations between different measures of loneliness, and assess how these correlations differ by gender and age group. We then evaluate construct validity by estimating correlations between loneliness measures and theoretically hypothesized constructs related to loneliness: living alone and not having a spouse. RESULTS There is substantial heterogeneity in available measures of loneliness across countries. Within countries with multiple measures, the correlations between measures are high (range 0.384-0.777, median 0.636). Although we find several statistically significant differences in these correlations by gender and age, the differences are small (gender: range -0.098 to 0.081, median -0.026; age group: range -0.194 to 0.092, median -0.003). Correlations between loneliness measures and living alone and being without a spouse are all positive, almost universally statistically significant, and similar in magnitude across countries, supporting construct validity. DISCUSSION This article establishes that even single-item measures of loneliness contribute meaningful information in diverse settings. Similar to the measurement of self-rated health, there are nuances to the measurement of older adult loneliness in different contexts, but it has reliable and consistent measurement properties within many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Newmyer
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Ashton M Verdery
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Rachel Margolis
- Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Léa Pessin
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The vulnerability paradox refers to the observation that greater vulnerability is associated with higher prevalence of mental disorder at the individual level, but lower prevalence at the country level. The paradox is supported by studies estimating prevalence using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and by suicide mortality data. However, cross-national studies using single-item measures of subjective well-being find no evidence of a paradox, with vulnerability being associated with lower well-being at both the individual and country levels. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of simple indicators for studying cross-national differences. In this study, we investigated the vulnerability paradox using cross-national data on the prevalence of three symptoms that indicate depression or anxiety: unhappiness, sadness and worry. METHODS The data on prevalence of unhappiness were taken from 77 countries in the World Values Survey 2017-2020 and data on prevalence of sadness and worry from 142 countries in the Gallup World Poll in 2018. Country vulnerability was measured by the Vulnerability Index and gross domestic product per capita. The data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis, with vulnerability measures as moderator variables. RESULTS For all three symptoms, prevalence was associated with higher Vulnerability Index and lower gross domestic product per capita. When both moderators were entered in meta-regressions, there were significant associations for the Vulnerability Index, but not for gross domestic product per capita. CONCLUSION These findings are inconsistent with the vulnerability paradox. They underscore that reducing mental disorders should be a priority in poorer nations and that further economic and social development may be an important contributor to achieving this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger T Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Salinger JM, Whisman MA, Randall AK, Hilpert P. Associations Between Marital Discord and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Fam Process 2021; 60:493-506. [PMID: 32599646 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate actor and partner effects of the association between marital discord and depressive symptoms in a sample of 4,779 couples from 11 European countries that were divided into three groups (i.e., Northern, Central, Southern Europe), and evaluate the potential gender and cross-cultural invariance of this association. Actor-partner interdependence models were used to analyze the cross-sectional associations between self-reported perceived marital conflict and depressive symptoms. Marital conflict was significantly and positively associated with self-reported depressive symptoms for husbands and wives (actor effects), as well as with partner-reported depressive symptoms (partner effects). Pooling across cultural groups, no significant difference in the magnitude of actor or partner effects based on gender was found. The magnitude of the actor effects varied across cultural groupings only for women: a significantly weaker association existed for women residing in Northern Europe relative to women in Central or Southern Europe. These results suggest that marital discord is a reliable correlate of depressive symptoms for European couples and that the magnitude of the positive association varies by culture for women. Should these results be replicated longitudinally, couple-based interventions may be indicated to reduce marital discord and prevent and treat depression in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Salinger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mark A Whisman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ashley K Randall
- Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter Hilpert
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Bein C, Gauthier AH, Mynarska M. Religiosity and Fertility Intentions: Can the Gender Regime Explain Cross-Country Differences? Eur J Popul 2021; 37:443-472. [PMID: 33911995 PMCID: PMC8035382 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-020-09574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between religiosity and fertility intentions revealed substantial cross-national differences. In some countries, a strong and positive effect of religiosity on fertility intentions was found, while in others, the effect was weaker or not significant, and the reasons underlying these cross-national differences are still unclear. The aim of this article is to explain these macro-level differences from the perspective of the prevailing gender regime. We argue that in countries with more traditional regimes, a stronger effect of religiosity on fertility intentions could be expected than in countries with a more egalitarian view. We make use of the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey and incorporate data from a total of 12 European countries in our analysis. We examine the influence of gender regime according to various macro-level indicators on gender attitudes and gender equality using meta-regression analyses. We also conduct robustness checks using other indicators such as the Gender Development Index. Our results reveal that the gender regime is only able to explain these differences in certain situations, specifically those relating to the long-term fertility intentions of men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bein
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne H. Gauthier
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI-KNAW), The Hague, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monika Mynarska
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zaninotto P, Batty GD, Stenholm S, Kawachi I, Hyde M, Goldberg M, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Head J. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Disability-free Life Expectancy in Older People from England and the United States: A Cross-national Population-Based Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:906-913. [PMID: 31940032 PMCID: PMC7164527 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We examined socioeconomic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in older men and women from England and the United States and explored whether people in England can expect to live longer and healthier lives than those in the United States. Methods We used harmonized data from the Gateway to Global Aging Data on 14,803 individuals aged 50+ from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and 10,754 from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Disability was measured in terms of impaired activities and instrumental activities of daily living. We used discrete-time multistate life table models to estimate total life expectancy and life expectancy free of disability. Results Socioeconomic inequalities in disability-free life expectancy were of a similar magnitude (in absolute terms) in England and the United States. The socioeconomic disadvantage in disability-free life expectancy was largest for wealth, in both countries: people in the poorest group could expect to live seven to nine fewer years without disability than those in the richest group at the age of 50. Conclusions Inequalities in healthy life expectancy exist in both countries and are of similar magnitude. In both countries, efforts in reducing health inequalities should target people from disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - George David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Hyde
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, UK
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Inserm, Population-based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit-UMS 011, Villejuif, France.,Inserm, Aging and Chronic Diseases, Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jenny Head
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
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Verdery AM, Newmyer L, Wagner B, Margolis R. National Profiles of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality Risks by Age Structure and Preexisting Health Conditions. Gerontologist 2021; 61:71-77. [PMID: 33030209 PMCID: PMC7665488 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although individual age and preexisting health conditions are well-documented risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality, it is unclear whether these 2 factors capture unique dimensions of risk for epidemic severity at the national level. In addition, no studies have examined whether national distributions of these factors are associated with epidemic experiences to date. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Drawing on surveys of older adults from 42 countries and estimated case fatality ratios by age and preexisting health conditions, we document and compare national profiles of COVID-19 mortality risks among older adults. We develop 2 measures of national risk profiles: one based on age structures and another based on distributions of preexisting health conditions. Our analysis compares these constructs and documents their associations with national COVID-19 mortality rates. RESULTS National profiles of COVID-19 mortality risk based on age structure and preexisting health conditions are moderately uncorrelated, capturing different aspects of risk. Both types of national risk profiles correlate meaningfully with countries' COVID-19 mortality experiences to date. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Measures of population age structure are readily available for every country in the world, while cross-national measures of older adult population health are more limited. In the COVID-19 crisis, these factors give different pictures of the countries with high and low risks of COVID-19 mortality. Moreover, our results suggest that both types of national risk profiles based on population health reflect current COVID-19 mortality severity in several countries, highlighting the need for more cross-national comparative data on older adult population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton M Verdery
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Lauren Newmyer
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Brandon Wagner
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
| | - Rachel Margolis
- Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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38
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Quashie NT, Arpino B, Antczak R, Mair CA. Childlessness and Health Among Older Adults: Variation Across Five Outcomes and 20 Countries. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:348-359. [PMID: 31768550 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No previous study to the best of our knowledge has examined the association between childlessness and health using a wide range of countries and health outcomes. This study improves previous literature by examining the relationship between "childlessness" (1 = childless for any reason, 0 = parent of biological, step, or adopted child) and health across 20 countries and five health outcomes. METHODS Drawing on cross-sectional harmonized data from the family of Health and Retirement Surveys across the United States (HRS, Wave 11), Europe (SHARE, Waves 4 and 5), Mexico (MHAS, Wave 3), and China (CHARLS, Wave 2), we use logistic regression models to estimate the association between childlessness and poor health (poor self-rated health, 1 or more ADL limitations, 1 or more IADL limitations, 1 or more chronic conditions, and depression) in a sample of adults aged 50 and older across 20 countries (N = 109,648). RESULTS Our results point to an absence of associations between childlessness and health, and suggest that childlessness may be associated with better (e.g., Mexico, Hungary) or worse health (e.g., Austria, Estonia, Netherlands, Poland) in certain contexts and for certain measures. DISCUSSION We discuss these findings in light of the meaning of childlessness, as well as cross-national economic, social, and cultural contexts to provide suggestions for aging policy and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Arpino
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Radoslaw Antczak
- Institute of Statistics and Demography, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
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Calvo E, Medina JT, Ornstein KA, Staudinger UM, Fried LP, Keyes KM. Cross-country and historical variation in alcohol consumption among older men and women: Leveraging recently harmonized survey data in 21 countries. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108219. [PMID: 32795884 PMCID: PMC7585691 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption causes greater harm in older than younger adults. As the population ages, understanding cross-country and time-varying drinking patterns of older adults is of critical importance. Available evidence relies primarily on ecological data. METHODS We harmonized survey data for 179,881 adults age 50+ observed repeatedly between 1998 and 2016 in 21 countries. Next, we estimated historical variation in consumption across countries (overall and stratified by gender and age group 50-64/65+). RESULTS On average, 51.95 % of older adults consumed any alcohol over the observed period. For 13 countries, the proportion of older adults who drink increased (mean annual increase: 0.76 percent points). Heavy drinking (men drinks/day>3 or binge>5, women drinks/day>2 or binge>4) peaked at 23.54 % for England in 2010 and lifetime abstainers at 69.65 % for China in 2011. Across countries and among drinkers, consumption frequency was 2.57 days/week, the number of standard drink units when drinking was 2.57, and the average number of drinks/day over a week was 1.12. Consumption patterns varied substantially across countries and historical time. Overall probability and frequency of consumption were higher in men than women, with the largest gaps observed in 2011 for China, but gender gaps decreased (even reversed) in the young old and varied across country and time. CONCLUSIONS Wide variation in older adults' alcohol consumption across countries and time suggests that broad scale prevention and intervention efforts can be harnessed for potential population-level health benefits. Further variation by gender and age reflect physiological and social factors simultaneously shaping alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Calvo
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Society and Health Research Center and Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José T Medina
- Laboratory on Aging and Social Epidemiology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine A Ornstein
- Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ursula M Staudinger
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center and Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Linda P Fried
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America. Society and Health Research Center, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Husky MM, Delbasty E, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Goelitz D, Koç C, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Otten R, Kovess-Masfety V. Bullying involvement and self-reported mental health in elementary school children across Europe. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 107:104601. [PMID: 32570185 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying behavior is recognized internationally as a serious issue associated with mental health and functioning problems among children. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to determine the associations between bullying involvement and self-reported mental health among elementary school children across seven European countries. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The School Children Mental Health in Europe study was conducted in Bulgaria, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Romania and Turkey in 2010 using similar methodology to collect cross-sectional data from children, parents, and teachers. METHODS The study focused on children who had completed the Dominic Interactive and whose mother and/or teacher had completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (n = 5,183). RESULTS Overall 14.3 % of children were identified as bullies, 18.2 % as victims and, 19.0 % as both bullies and victims. Despite the low threshold for defining bullying status, children identified as being involved were highly likely to present with self-reported mental health problems: 31.6 % of bully-victims reported any disorder, while 25.4 % of bullies and 23.1 % of victims did. Adjusting for key factors, bullies and bully-victims were significantly more likely to present with any externalizing disorder, while victims were not. Additionally, bully-victim status was associated with significantly greater odds of presenting with each internalizing disorder: phobia (AOR = 1.48, 95 %CI = 1.01-2.19), GAD (AOR = 2.54, 95 %CI = 1.67-3.87), separation anxiety (AOR = 1.88, 95 %CI = 1.43-2.47) and depression (AOR = 2.52, 95 %CI = 1.61-3.93). However, victim status was only associated with GAD (AOR = 1.63, 95 %CI = 1.07-2.48) and bully status with separation anxiety (AOR = 1.44, 95 %CI = 1.07-1.93). CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the association of bullying involvement and child mental health in elementary school children across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M Husky
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de psychologie EA4139, 3 ter, place de la Victoire, 33076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Emma Delbasty
- Université de Bordeaux, Faculté de Psychologie, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consulenza e Psicosomatica Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Theology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany.
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Pluryn, Research & Development, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Todd J, Aspell JE, Barron D, Toh EKL, Zahari HS, Mohd Khatib NA, Laughton R, Swami V. Greater gastric interoception is associated with more positive body image: Evidence from adults in Malaysia and the United Kingdom. Body Image 2020; 34:101-111. [PMID: 32512525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastric interoception refers to the processing of sensory stimuli originating in the gut. Previous research has found that gastric interoception (measured using a water load task) is associated with drive for thinness in young Western women. However, associations with broader facets of body image and in diverse national groups have not been previously investigated. To address these issues, we asked samples of adults in the United Kingdom (UK; N = 91, women n = 54) and Malaysia (N = 100, women n = 50) to complete a 2-stage water load task (WLT) and measures of positive body image (i.e., body appreciation, functionality appreciation). The results indicated that a greater change in the intensity of self-reported WLT-related sensations was associated with significantly higher body appreciation and functionality appreciation after accounting for gender identity, body mass index, and national group. Behavioural performance on the WLT was significantly associated with body appreciation and functionality appreciation for the Malaysian sample, but not the UK adults, after accounting for gender identity and body mass index. These findings extend previous research by demonstrating that there are significant associations between facets of gastric interoception and previously unexplored facets of body image in both Western and non-Western settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jane E Aspell
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Hanoor Syahirah Zahari
- Centre for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ryan Laughton
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
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Todd J, Swami V. Assessing the measurement invariance of two positive body image instruments in adults from Malaysia and the United Kingdom. Body Image 2020; 34:112-6. [PMID: 32505865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growth of positive body image research in recent years, our understanding of the construct across different national contexts remains limited. Here, we investigated measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) and the Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS) across ethnically homogenous groups of adults from Malaysia (n = 815, women n = 403) and the United Kingdom (UK; n = 596, women n = 416). Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, partial scalar invariance was supported for scores on both measures after fixing the intercepts for BAS-2 Items 6 and 8, and FAS Item 4. Next, we examined differences in latent scores across nationality and gender. The results of an analysis of covariance (with age and body mass index as covariates) indicated a significant nationality by gender interaction: Malaysian women had higher scores than Malaysian men on both the BAS-2 and FAS, but UK men had higher scores than UK women. There were also significant main effects of nationality (Malaysian participants had significantly higher body appreciation and functionality appreciation than UK participants) and gender (men had significantly higher body appreciation than women). These findings are discussed in terms of cross-national and gendered understandings of positive body image.
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Kern MR, Heinz A, Stevens GWJM, Walsh SD, Willems H. "What's a normal weight?" - Origin and receiving country influences on weight-status assessment among 1.5 and 2nd generation immigrant adolescents in Europe. Soc Sci Med 2020; 264:113306. [PMID: 32861972 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many adolescents struggle with adequately assessing their weight-status, often leading to unnecessary weight-related interventions or preventing necessary ones. The prevalence of weight-status over- and underestimation differs considerably cross-nationally, suggesting that individual weight-status assessment is informed by cross-nationally differing standards of evaluation. For adolescents with a migration background, this brings up the possibility of a simultaneous influence of origin- and receiving country standards. The current study examines the magnitude of both influences using data from the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study. The cross-national design of the study enabled us to aggregate weight-evaluation standards for 41, primarily European, countries. Subsequently, we identified a sample of 8 124 adolescents with a migration background whose origin as well as receiving country participated in the study. Among those adolescents, we assessed the effects of origin and receiving country weight-evaluation standards using cross-classified multilevel regression analyses. Descriptive analyses revealed considerable differences in weight-evaluation standards between the countries. Regression analyses showed that both origin- and receiving country weight-evaluation standards were significantly associated cross-sectionally with weight-status assessment among the immigrant adolescents, with a stronger impact of receiving country standards. Results illustrate the context-sensitivity of adolescent weight-status assessment and reinforce the theoretical notion that immigrant adolescent development is not only informed by factors pertaining to their receiving country but also, albeit to a lesser extent, by those pertaining to their origin country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Helmut Willems
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Jonsson KR, Oberg G, Samkange-Zeeb F, Adjei NK. Determinants and impact of role-related time use allocation on self-reported health among married men and women: a cross-national comparative study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1204. [PMID: 32758207 PMCID: PMC7404928 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the effects of marriage on health maintains that there is a gender-specific gradient, with men deriving far greater benefits than women. One reason provided for this difference is the disproportionate amount of time spent by women on housework and childcare. However, this hypothesis has yet to be explicitly tested for these role-related time use activities. This study provides empirical evidence on the association between role-related time use activities (i.e. housework, childcare and paid work) and self-reported health among married men and women. Methods Data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) on 32,881 men and 26,915 women from Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the US were analyzed. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the association between role-related time use activities and self-reported health among married men and women. Results The findings showed that education, occupation and number of children under 18 years old in the household were the most consistent predictors of time allocation among married men and women. Significant gender differences were also found in time allocation, with women sacrificing paid working time or reducing time devoted to housework for childcare. Men, in contrast, were less likely to reduce paid working hours to increase time spent on childcare, but instead reduced time allocation to housework. Allocating more time to paid work and childcare was associated with good health, whereas time spent on housework was associated with poor health, especially among women. Conclusions Time allocation to role-related activities have differential associations on health, and the effects vary by gender and across countries. To reduce the gender health gap among married men and women, public policies need to take social and gender roles into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenisha Russell Jonsson
- The Institute for Future Studies, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Sociology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Gustav Oberg
- The Institute for Future Studies, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florence Samkange-Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Unit Social Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- The Institute for Future Studies, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Unit Social Epidemiology, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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da Silva WR, Pimenta F, Zaffaroni L, Castelnuovo G, Pietrabissa G, Marôco J, Maloa BFS, Campos JADB. Body Image Quality of Life Inventory: cross-national study in college students from four different countries. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:1079-1088. [PMID: 31218658 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to examine the psychometric proprieties of the Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI) among Brazilian, Portuguese, Mozambican, and Italian college students. METHODS A total of 1630 subjects (Brazilians = 446; Portuguese = 480, Mozambicans = 360, and Italians = 344) completed the Portuguese (Brazilian, Portuguese, and Mozambican students) and the Italian versions (Italian students) of the BIQLI for measuring the effects of body image on one's quality of life. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), discriminant and convergent validity, internal consistency, and composite reliability. The cross-national invariance of the BIQLI was assessed by multi-group analysis using ΔCFI. Moreover, the global score of the BIQLI for all countries was calculated by an algorithm and compared using the Welch's ANOVA and the Games-Howell post-test (α = 5%). RESULTS CFA showed an inadequate fit of unifactorial model of the BIQLI. Therefore, an alternative model comprising nine first-order factors and one second-order factor was proposed and evaluated. This new model showed adequate fit in all samples, despite some limitations that were found with respect to its convergent and discriminant validity. The alternative BIQLI model was invariant among countries. Global scores for the influence of body image on quality of life were significantly different across countries, with the Italians presenting the lowest scores. CONCLUSIONS The BIQLI factorial model found in this study represents a reliable and valid alternative to its original structure for the assessment of the effect of body image on college students' perceived quality of life. This model must be further tested in other populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson Roberto da Silva
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipa Pimenta
- William James Center for Research (WJCR), University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucia Zaffaroni
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada Pietrabissa
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - João Marôco
- William James Center for Research (WJCR), University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 01, Campos Ville, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
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Leal-López E, Moreno-Maldonado C, Inchley J, Deforche B, Van Havere T, Van Damme J, Buijs T, Sánchez-Queija I, Currie D, Vieno A, De Clercq B. Association of alcohol control policies with adolescent alcohol consumption and with social inequality in adolescent alcohol consumption: A multilevel study in 33 countries and regions. Int J Drug Policy 2020; 84:102854. [PMID: 32717703 PMCID: PMC7762782 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous research found inconsistent associations between alcohol control policies and socioeconomic inequality with adolescent drinking outcomes. This study expands the focus beyond individual associations to examine whether a combination of policies is related to socioeconomic inequality in adolescent drinking outcomes and whether this relationship varies across survey years. Methods Multilevel modelling of 4 waves of repeat cross-sectional survey data (2001/02, 2005/06, 2009/10, and 2013/14) from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study was carried out. The sample was composed of 671,084 adolescents (51% girls) aged 11, 13, and 15 (mean age=13.58; SD=1.65) from 33 European and North American countries/regions. The dependent variables were lifetime alcohol consumption, weekly alcohol consumption, and lifetime drunkenness. Independent variables were of three types: individual-level variables (age, sex, Family Affluence Scale, and the Perceived Family Wealth), time-level variable (survey year), and context-level variables (minimum legal drinking age, physical availability, advertising restrictions, a total alcohol policy index, and affordability of alcohol). Results The total alcohol policy index showed a negative relationship with both lifetime and weekly consumption. Higher affordability of alcohol was related to higher lifetime and weekly consumption and higher lifetime drunkenness. Family Affluence Scale was positively related to all three alcohol measures and Perceived Family Wealth was negatively related to lifetime drunkenness, with these associations increasing across survey years. The total alcohol policy index buffered the associations of Family Affluence Scale and Perceived Family Wealth with adolescent drinking outcomes. Conclusion A combination of alcohol control policies is more effective in reducing adolescent drinking outcomes than single policy measures. Reducing the affordability of alcohol stood out as the most successful single measure. Socioeconomic inequalities (i.e. higher alcohol consumption and drunkenness in adolescents with higher family affluence and higher drunkenness in adolescents perceiving their families to be poor) have persisted and even increased across survey years. A combined alcohol control policy can help in tackling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leal-López
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology. University of Seville. C/Camilo José Cela, s/n. 41018, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - C Moreno-Maldonado
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology. University of Seville. C/Camilo José Cela, s/n. 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow. 200 Renfield St, Glasgow G2 3AX, UK; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - B Deforche
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University. Academical Hospital, 4K3. Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Physical Activity, Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Van Havere
- School of Social Welfare, University of Applied Sciences of Ghent. Hoogpoort 15, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Van Damme
- Flemish Expertise Centre on Alcohol and other Drugs, Vanderlindenstraat 15, 1030, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Buijs
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University. Academical Hospital, 4K3. Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - I Sánchez-Queija
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology. University of Seville. C/Camilo José Cela, s/n. 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - D Currie
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - A Vieno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova. Via Venezia, 8 35131 - Padova, Italy
| | - B De Clercq
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University. Academical Hospital, 4K3. Corneel Heymanslaan, 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Mair CA. Alternatives to Aging Alone?: "Kinlessness" and the Importance of Friends Across European Contexts. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:1416-1428. [PMID: 30855074 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing numbers of older adults cross-nationally are without children or partners in later life and therefore likely have greater reliance on nonkin (e.g., friends). This pattern may be particularly pronounced in country contexts that emphasize friendship. This article hypothesizes that those who lack kin (e.g., children, partners) and/or who live in countries with a stronger emphasis on friendship have more friends in their networks. Although these hypothesized patterns are consistent with interdisciplinary literatures, they have not been tested empirically and therefore remain overlooked in current "aging alone" narratives. METHOD This study combines individual-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (Wave 6) with nation-level data from the European Values Survey to estimate multilevel negative binomial models exploring number of friends among those aged more than 50 years who lack kin across 17 countries. RESULTS Older adults who lack kin or whose kin are unavailable report more friends in their networks, particularly in countries with a higher percentage of people who believe that friends are "very important" in life. DISCUSSION This article challenges dominating assumptions about "aging alone" that rely heavily on lack of family as an indicator of "alone." Future studies of "kinlessness" should consider the extent to which friendship is correlated with lack of kin, particularly in more socioeconomically developed countries. Previous research on "aging alone" may have overestimated risk in more privileged countries that already emphasize friendship, but underestimated risk in family-centered countries where "kinlessness" and alternative sources of support are less common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Mair
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
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48
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Kern MR, Duinhof EL, Walsh SD, Cosma A, Moreno-Maldonado C, Molcho M, Currie C, Stevens GWJM. Intersectionality and Adolescent Mental Well-being: A Cross-Nationally Comparative Analysis of the Interplay Between Immigration Background, Socioeconomic Status and Gender. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:S12-20. [PMID: 32446604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intersectionality theory highlights the importance of the interplay of multiple social group memberships in shaping individual mental well-being. This article investigates elements of adolescent mental well-being (life dissatisfaction and psychosomatic complaints) from an intersectional perspective. It tests mental well-being consequences of membership in combinations of multiple social groups and examines to what extent such intersectional effects depend on the national context (immigration and integration policies, national-level income, and gender equality). METHODS Using Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy, we assessed the role of the national context in shaping the interplay between immigration background, socioeconomic status, and gender, using data from 33 countries from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey. RESULTS We found no uniform intersectionality effects across all countries. However, when allowing the interplay to vary by national context, results did point toward some intersectional effects. Some aggravated negative effects were found for members of multiple disadvantaged social groups in countries with low levels of income equality and restrictive migration policies, whereas enhanced positive effects were found for members of multiple advantaged groups in these countries. Similarly, mitigated negative effects of membership in multiple disadvantaged groups were shown in countries with higher levels of income equality and more inclusive migration policies, whereas mitigated positive effects were found for multiply advantaged individuals. Although for national-level gender equality results pointed in a similar direction, girls' scores were counterintuitive. High national-level gender equality disproportionately benefitted groups of disadvantaged boys, whereas advantaged girls were doing worse than expected, and reversed effects were found for countries with low gender equality. CONCLUSIONS To fully understand social inequalities in adolescent mental well-being, the interplay between individual-level and national-level indicators must be explored.
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Cosma A, Stevens G, Martin G, Duinhof EL, Walsh SD, Garcia-Moya I, Költő A, Gobina I, Canale N, Catunda C, Inchley J, de Looze M. Cross-National Time Trends in Adolescent Mental Well-Being From 2002 to 2018 and the Explanatory Role of Schoolwork Pressure. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:S50-S58. [PMID: 32446609 PMCID: PMC8131201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has shown inconsistent time trends in adolescent mental well-being, but potential underlying mechanisms for such trends are yet to be examined. This study investigates cross-national time trends in adolescent mental well-being (psychosomatic health complaints and life satisfaction) in mainly European countries and the extent to which time trends in schoolwork pressure explain these trends. METHODS Data from 915,054 adolescents from 36 countries (50.8% girls; meanage = 13.54; standard deviationage = 1.63) across five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018) were included in the analyses. Hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. We also tested whether schoolwork pressure could explain these trends in mental well-being. RESULTS A small linear increase over time in psychosomatic complaints and schoolwork pressure was found. No change in life satisfaction emerged. Furthermore, there was large cross-country variation in the prevalence of, and trends over time in, adolescent mental well-being and schoolwork pressure. Overall, declines in well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure were apparent in the higher income countries. Across countries, the small increase in schoolwork pressure over time partly explained the decline in psychosomatic health complaints. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not provide evidence for substantial declines in mental well-being among adolescents. Yet, the small declines in mental well-being and increases in schoolwork pressure appear to be quite consistent across high-income countries. This calls for the attention of public health professionals and policy-makers. Country differences in trends in both adolescent mental well-being outcomes and schoolwork pressure were considerable, which requires caution regarding the cross-national generalization of national trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Cosma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic; Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Gonneke Stevens
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gina Martin
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Elisa L Duinhof
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie D Walsh
- Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Irene Garcia-Moya
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carolina Catunda
- Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, Luxembourg University, Luxembourg
| | - Jo Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Margaretha de Looze
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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50
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Scott RH, Wellings K, Lindberg L. Adolescent Sexual Activity, Contraceptive Use, and Pregnancy in Britain and the U.S.: A Multidecade Comparison. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:582-588. [PMID: 32029341 PMCID: PMC7181173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pregnancy rates among adolescents have declined in the U.S. and Britain but remain high compared with other high-income countries. This comparison describes trends in pregnancy rates, recent sexual activity, and contraceptive use among women aged 16-19 years in the U.S. and Britain to consider the contribution of these two behavioral factors to the decline in pregnancy rates in the two countries and the differences between them. METHODS We use data from two rounds of the U.S. National Survey of Family Growth, conducted 2002-2003 and 2011-2015, and the British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, conducted 2000-2001 and 2010-2012, to describe population-level differences between countries and over time in sexual activity and contraceptive use. We calculate pregnancy rates using national births and abortions data. RESULTS Pregnancy rates declined in both countries; this began earlier in the U.S. and was steeper. There was no change in sexual activity in Britain, but in the U.S., the proportion reporting recent sex declined. In both countries, there was a shift toward more effective contraception. A higher proportion in Britain than the U.S. reported ever having had sex (65% vs. 49%) and sex in the last year (64% vs. 45%), 6 months (59% vs. 39%), and 4 weeks (48% vs. 29%). A higher proportion in Britain reported using more effective contraception (68% vs. 52%). CONCLUSIONS In both countries, improvements in contraceptive use have contributed substantially to declines in pregnancy rates; however, the steeper decline in the U.S. likely also reflects declines in recent sex occurring only in that country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Scott
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Kaye Wellings
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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