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Do G, Tsai PJ, Yoon C. Evaluation of particle and volatile organic compound emissions during the use of 3D pens. Sci Total Environ 2024; 931:173003. [PMID: 38710394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated particle and volatile organic compound (VOC) emission rates (ER) from 3D pens, which are increasingly popular in children's toys. Nine filaments and two 3D pens were evaluated using a flow tunnel, a scanning mobility particle sizer, a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer for particles, and a thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer for VOCs. Results showed that the ERs varied with the pen type, filament, and brand. The particle ER was highest for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), followed by polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Notably, ERs of 83 % and 33 % of ABS and PLA filaments exceeded the maximum allowable particle ER (MAER; 5 × 109 particles/min) for 3D printers but were lower than the VOC MAER (173 μg/min in the office). Different filaments emitted diverse VOCs; ABS emitted styrene and benzene, PLA emitted lactide, and PCL emitted phenol. While particle ERs from 3D pens were comparable to those from printers, the total VOC ERs from 3D pens were slightly lower. Caution is warranted when using 3D pens because of potential health risks, especially their prolonged use, proximity to the breathing zone, and usage by children. This study highlights the need for considering particles and VOCs when assessing the safety of 3D pens, emphasizing awareness of potential hazards, particularly in child-oriented settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonho Do
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Perng-Jy Tsai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, North District, Tainan City 704, Taiwan
| | - Chungsik Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Guo A, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Chen X, Zhang W, Liu X, Yan D, Fang W, Li Y, Cao A, Wang Q. The potential for reducing aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored peanuts by soil disinfection. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:133916. [PMID: 38479137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxins from the fungus Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) that contaminate stored peanuts is a major hazard to human health worldwide. Reducing A. flavus in soil can decrease the risk of aflatoxins in stored peanuts. In this experiment, we determined whether peanuts grown on soil fumigated with dazomet (DZ), metham sodium (MS), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), chloropicrin (PIC) or dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) would reduce of the quantity of A. flavus and its toxin's presence. The results of bioassays and field tests showed that PIC was the most effective fumigant for preventing and controlling A. flavus, followed by MS. PIC and MS applied to the soil for 14 d resulted in LD50 values against A. flavus of 3.558 and 4.893 mg kg-1, respectively, leading to almost 100% and 98.82% effectiveness of A. flavus, respectively. Peanuts harvested from fumigated soil and then stored for 60 d resulted in undetectable levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) compared to unfumigated soil that contained 0.64 ug kg-1 of AFB1, which suggested that soil fumigation can reduce the probability of aflatoxin contamination during peanut storage and showed the potential to increase the safety of peanuts consumed by humans. Further research is planned to determine the practical value of our research in commercial practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yutong Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Bredeck G, Dos S Souza EJ, Wigmann C, Fomba KW, Herrmann H, Schins RPF. The influence of long-range transported Saharan dust on the inflammatory potency of ambient PM 2.5 and PM 10. Environ Res 2024; 252:119008. [PMID: 38663670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Although desert dust promotes morbidity and mortality, it is exempt from regulations. Its health effects have been related to its inflammatory properties, which can vary between source regions. It remains unclear which constituents cause this variability. Moreover, whether long-range transported desert dust potentiates the hazardousness of local particulate matter (PM) is still unresolved. We aimed to assess the influence of long-range transported desert dust on the inflammatory potency of PM2.5 and PM10 collected in Cape Verde and to examine associated constituents. During a reference period and two Saharan dust events, 63 PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected at four sampling stations. The content of water-soluble ions, elements, and organic and elemental carbon was measured in all samples and endotoxins in PM10 samples. The PM-induced release of inflammatory cytokines from differentiated THP-1 macrophages was evaluated. The association of interleukin (IL)-1β release with PM composition was assessed using principal component (PC) regressions. PM2.5 from both dust events and PM10 from one event caused higher IL-1β release than PM from the reference period. PC regressions indicated an inverse relation of IL-1β release with sea spray ions in both size fractions and organic and elemental carbon in PM2.5. The PC with the higher regression coefficient suggested that iron and manganese may contribute to PM2.5-induced IL-1β release. Only during the reference period, endotoxin content strongly differed between sampling stations and correlated with inflammatory potency. Our results demonstrate that long-range transported desert dust amplifies the hazardousness of local air pollution and suggest that, in PM2.5, iron and manganese may be important. Our data indicate that endotoxins are contained in local and long-range transported PM10 but only explain the variability in inflammatory potency of local PM10. The increasing inflammatory potency of respirable and inhalable PM from desert dust events warrants regulatory measures and risk mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Germany
| | - Eduardo J Dos S Souza
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, Germany
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318, Leipzig, Permoserstr. 15, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Germany.
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Saka MB, Hashim MHBM. Critical assessment of the effectiveness of different dust control measures in a granite quarry. J Public Health Policy 2024:10.1057/s41271-024-00481-6. [PMID: 38600319 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-024-00481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The exposure to respirable crystalline silica found in granite dust presents significant health hazards to quarry workers and nearby communities, including silicosis and various respiratory ailments. This study evaluates the efficacy of various pollution control measures implemented in granite quarries. It aimed to provide a comprehensive critical assessment of the effectiveness of various dust control measures, considering their mechanisms, impact on air quality, and implications for worker health and community welfare. The strategy involved compiling and systematically analysing existing research articles, literature, and industry reports. The investigation identified three primary categories of measures: engineering controls, water-based suppression methods, and technological solutions. The study highlighted the significance of environmental impact and sustainability factors in selecting measures. These factors include water and energy consumption, production of secondary pollutants, long-term ecological effects, regulatory compliance, and cost-effectiveness. Operators and policymakers should utilize integrated, context-specific, inventive, and interdisciplinary strategies to efficiently control particle emissions from granite quarrying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumini Babatunde Saka
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hazizan Bin Mohd Hashim
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Esi OE, Avwiri GO, Sylvanus OA, Onwudiwe DC. Radiometric survey of sediments and health risk assessments from the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26805. [PMID: 38455564 PMCID: PMC10918107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the release of potential radiological components around the oil exploration environment has increased with potential health implications.Yet; the mechanism and health associated assessment have remained fuzzy to most experimental scientists. The current study determines the activity concentration of radionuclides in sediments and the corresponding health risk assessments from the hydrocarbon exploration environment of the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria. A Sodium-iodide NaI(Tl) detector, with a well-calibrated multichannel analyzer (MCA) to ensure efficiency and energy was utilized. A total of seventy-five sediment samples (Five sediment samples each per community) were collected from the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria. The mean activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, and 232Th of the sediment samples were 3361.48 ± 194.26 Bqkg-1, 40.11 ± 16.17 Bqkg-1, and 45.73 ± 19.27 Bqkg-1 respectively. The obtained mean values exceeded the world standard limit of 400 Bqkg-1, 35 Bqkg-1, and 30 Bqkg-1 respectively. Also, the computed mean radiological health hazard risk of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iyr), external hazard index (Hex), internal hazard index (Hin), absorbed gamma dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent outdoor and indoor (AEDE) and lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values are 363.94 ± 32.37 Bkgl-1, 2.9657 Bkgl-1, 0.9839, 1.0919, 175.82 nGyh-1, 2.1556 mSvyr-1, 0.8625 mSvyr-1, and 7.5447 mSvyr-1 respectively. The values were found to be slightly higher than the world standard limit. Therefore, the residents that are using the sediments of the southern coastal area for the construction of buildings as well as dwelling in houses built with such sediments are exposed to these radiological materials. This may pose a radiological health risk concern. The obtained results will serve as radiation and radiological baseline data for sediments of the southern coastal area of Delta State, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory O. Avwiri
- Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Onjefu A. Sylvanus
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, (Mahikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, (Mahikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa
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6
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Zhao B, Rehati P, Yang Z, Cai Z, Guo C, Li Y. The potential toxicity of microplastics on human health. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168946. [PMID: 38043812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are plastic particles, films, and fibers with a diameter of < 5 mm. Given their long-standing existence in the environment and terrible increase in annual emissions, concerns were raised about the potential health risk of microplastics on human beings. In particular, the increased consumption of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically increased human contact with microplastics. To date, the emergence of microplastics in the human body, such as feces, blood, placenta, lower airway, and lungs, has been reported. Related toxicological investigations of microplastics were gradually increased. To comprehensively illuminate the interplay of microplastic exposure and human health, we systematically reviewed the updated toxicological data of microplastics and summarized their mode of action, adverse effects, and toxic mechanisms. The emerging critical issues in the current toxicological investigations were proposed and discussed. Our work would facilitate a better understanding of MPs-induced health hazards for toxicological evaluation and provide helpful information for regulatory decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosen Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Palizhati Rehati
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Bala N, Pakade YB, Mahurkar M, Kadaverugu R, Minakshi, Katnoria JK. Spatial distribution and source identification of metal contaminants in soil and rice grain samples: a study on exploration of soil quality and risk assessment. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:260. [PMID: 38349567 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess soil quality and potential health risks associated with soil pollution of the Batala region of Punjab, India. Physico-chemical parameters such as pH (6.69-7.43), electrical conductivity (0.17-0.33 mS/cm), and total organic carbon (1.01-5.94%) were observed to be within permissible limits. The maximum mean content (mg/kg) of heavy metals in soil was found as Fe (4060.93), Zn (444.33), Mn (278.5), Pb (23.16), Cu (21.78), Ni (20.16), Co (7.14), and Cd (1.85) which were below the prescribed limits but beyond the geochemical background limits of world soil. For rice grain samples, metal content (mg/kg) was seen as Fe (307.01) > Zn (12.41) > Mn (7.43) > Cu (4.57) and was below the permissible limits. The mean bioaccumulation factor for various metals was in the order as Zn > Cu > Fe > Mn. Single and integrated soil pollution indices revealed that among 18 sites, six were highly contaminated. The ecological risk index (Er) has shown that contamination of soil with Cd, Zn, and Ni was higher than that of other metals studied. The estimated daily intake of metal (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) were higher for children than those for adults. Spatial variability based on metal pollution load and soil quality was also determined using cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). During CA, soil samples from 18 sites formed three statistically significant clusters based on the level of metal pollution at the specific site. PCA showed that all variables were reduced into two main components 1 and 2 with eigenvalues as 3.82 (47% variance) and 1.53 (19.7% variance), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Bala
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh B Pakade
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Mohit Mahurkar
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Rakesh Kadaverugu
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440020, India
| | - Minakshi
- Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Siraz MMM, Al Mahmud J, Alam MS, Rashid MB, Hossain Z, Osman H, Khandakar MU, Yeasmin S. Assessment of radioactivity level and associated radiological hazard in fertilizer from Dhaka. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:192. [PMID: 38263472 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Miners, factory workers, traders, end-users, and foodstuff consumers all run the risk of encountering health hazards derived from the presence of elevated levels of radiation in fertilizers, as these groups often come into direct or indirect contact with fertilizers as well as raw materials throughout various linked processes such as mineral extractions, fertilizer production, agricultural practices. A total of 30 samples of various kinds of fertilizer produced in different factories in Dhaka megacity were analyzed to quantify the concentrations of primordial radionuclides using HPGe detector. Among the analyzed samples, average (range) concentration of 40K was found to be 9920 ± 1091 (8700 ± 957-11,500 ± 1265), 9100 ± 1001 (8600 ± 946-9600 ± 1056), 2565 ± 282 (2540 ± 279-2590 ± 285), and 3560 ± 392 (2620 ± 288-4500 ± 495) Bq/kg in the samples of Muriate of Potash Fertilizer, Sulphate of Potash Fertilizer, Humic Acid Fertilizer, and NPKS Fertilizer, respectively. Elevated concentration of 226Ra was found in Triple Super Phosphate Fertilizer with a mean (range) of 335 ± 37 (290 ± 32-380 ± 42) Bq/kg. The higher activity of 40K can be linked to the greater levels of elemental potassium in phosphate fertilizer. Elevated concentrations of radionuclides may also result from variations in chemical processes as well as the local geology of the mining areas where the raw materials were extracted for fertilizer production. Numerous fertilizer brands surpass prescribed limits for various hazardous parameters, presenting significant health risks to factory workers, farmers, and consumers of agricultural products. This study provides baseline information on the radioactivity of fertilizers, which could be used to develop mitigation methods, establish national fertilizer usage limits, justify regulatory frameworks, and raise public awareness of fertilizer overuse. The findings of the study could potentially help to explore the impact of fertilizer on the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mahfuz Siraz
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Jubair Al Mahmud
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M S Alam
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Bazlar Rashid
- Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Segunbaghicha, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandakar
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Birulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Selina Yeasmin
- Health Physics Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Kundu S, Biswas A, Ray A, Roy S, Das Gupta S, Ramteke MH, Kumar V, Das BK. Bisphenol A contamination in Hilsa shad and assessment of potential health hazard: A pioneering investigation in the national river Ganga, India. J Hazard Mater 2024; 461:132532. [PMID: 37748308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The anadromous Hilsa, often known as the "Queen of Fishes" (Tenualosa ilisha), is the most valuable fishery in the Ganga-Hooghly delta estuary. Although BPA exposure has been shown to be harmful to aquatic organisms, no research has looked at the effects of BPA on the commercially valuable Hilsa shad of river Ganga. To close this information vacuum, we examined BPA levels in Hilsa fish from the Ganga estuary. Liver, muscle, kidney, and gonads were all positive for BPA among the Hilsa fish of all ages. Liver BPA levels were highest in adult males (272.16 ± 0.38 ng/g-dw), and lowest in juveniles (5.46 ± 0.06 ng/g-dw). BPA concentrations in the Hilsa shad muscle were highest in reproductively mature females (196.23 ± 0.41 ng/g-dw). The study also discovered a correlation between fish development and BPA exposure, with higher levels of BPA being identified in adult Hilsa species. This is the first study to look at the impact of BPA pollution on aquatic ecosystems and fisheries, and it showed that Hilsa shad is contaminated with BPA and poses health hazards to human beings. The results, which demonstrate BPA contamination, are useful for protecting Hilsa in the river Ganga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Kundu
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Biswas
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Archisman Ray
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreya Roy
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Das Gupta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, West Bengal, India.
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Ghosh D, Saha SK, Kaviraj A, Saha S. Transfer of chromium from environment to fish in East Kolkata wetlands - evaluation by structural equation modeling. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1463. [PMID: 37955763 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a significant pollutant in the effluents from leather industries and domestic city sewage. Cr was determined in water, sediment, and different tissues (gill, muscle, intestine, liver, and kidney) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus harvested from wastewater-fed aquaculture (WFA) situated at Bamonghata, Bantala, Chowbaga and Chingrighata of East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW), a Ramsar site in West Bengal, India. The results showed that Cr concentration in surface water ranged between 0.05 to 0.15 mg/L, while Cr was detected at high concentration (100-300 mg/kg) in the sediment soil of the first three WFAs and in moderate concentration (50-110 mg/kg) in Chingrighata WFA. Average Cr concentrations in the tissues were ranked in the following sequence: kidney>liver>intestine>gill>muscle. However, the extent of accumulation of Cr in different tissues varied between the WFAs. We used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the route of Cr transfer. The fitness of the model was evaluated by the performance measures. Cr accumulation pathways varied between the sites depending upon the level of Cr in water or sediment. Except for Bamonghata WFA, sediment was found as the principal source of accumulation of Cr in different tissues of O. niloticus. Cr refluxed from sediment into overlying water and accumulated in fish either through the food chain or through direct accumulation from water. In Bamonghata WFA, the role of sediment in the transfer of Cr could not be established due to the high water depth or biological non-availability of Cr in the sediment. It is concluded from this study that fish reared in the WFAs of EKW are still not hazardous in respect to Cr but require proper management to avoid the influx of Cr-containing effluents into the WFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debkanta Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata, W.B., 700126, India
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College for Women, 39, Sankar Ghosh lane, Kolkata, WB, 700006, India
| | - Samir Kumar Saha
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata, W.B., 700126, India
| | - Anilava Kaviraj
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, W.B., 741235, India
| | - Subrata Saha
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, 9220, Alborg, DK, Denmark.
- Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics (SIG), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Model Colony, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Irshad MK, Zhu S, Javed W, Lee JC, Mahmood A, Lee SS, Jianying S, Albasher G, Ali A. Risk assessment of toxic and hazardous metals in paddy agroecosystem by biochar-for bio-membrane applications. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139719. [PMID: 37549746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Toxic and carcinogenic metal (loid)s, such arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), found in contaminated paddy soils pose a serious danger to environmental sustainability. Their geochemical activities are complex, making it difficult to manage their contamination. Rice grown in Cd and As-polluted soils ends up in people's bellies, where it can cause cancer, anemia, and the deadly itai sickness. Solving this issue calls for research into eco-friendly and cost-effective remediation technology to lower rice's As and Cd levels. This research delves deeply into the origins of As and Cd in paddy soils, as well as their mobility, bioavailability, and uptake mechanisms by rice plants. It also examines the current methods and reactors used to lower As and Cd contamination in rice. Iron-modified biochar (Fe-BC) is a promising technology for reducing As and Cd toxicity in rice, improving soil health, and boosting rice's nutritional value. Biochar's physiochemical characteristics are enhanced by the addition of iron, making it a potent adsorbent for As and Cd ions. In conclusion, Fe-BC's biomembrane properties make them an attractive option for remediating As- and Cd-contaminated paddy soils. More efficient mitigation measures, including the use of biomembrane technology, can be developed when sustainable agriculture practices are combined with these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihang Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Agricultural Management Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wasim Javed
- Punjab Bioenergy Institute, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shang Jianying
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Ali
- Department of plant breeding and genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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12
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Yadav M, Jindal MK, Bossew P, Ramola RC. Geological control of terrestrial background radiation in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:8379-8401. [PMID: 37615840 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in soil samples from several areas of Garhwal Himalaya, Northern India, by gamma-ray spectrometry. In this region, which extends around the Himalayan Main Central Thrust, a tectonic line that separates several geological provinces, background levels of natural terrestrial radiation were assessed. The maximum levels of radium, 285 Bq/kg and 136 Bq/kg, respectively, were found in the Budhakedar and Uttarkashi regions, exceeding the world average value of 35 Bq/kg. The mean radiation levels were found to be different between the areas, which reflects the geological diversity in the region. The overall absorbed dose rate owing to radionuclide presence in the Uttarkashi area ranged from 79 to 188 nGyh-1, with an average of 118 nGyh-1. That is more than UNSCEAR's world-populated weighted average value of 59 nGyh-1. The present investigation indicated that the absorbed dose rates are greater in Uttarkashi and Budhakedar than in other places. The multiple comparison analysis between geology and absorbed dose rate shows that the geology of Uttarkashi and Budhakedar are statistically similar. According to several hazard indices, terrestrial background radiation is not of radiological concern in the investigated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjulata Yadav
- Department of Physics, S.S.S.T.S.R. Government Degree College, Nainidanda, Pauri, Garhwal, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Jindal
- Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Peter Bossew
- German Federal Office of Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - R C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri, Garhwal, 249 199, India
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13
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Biswas A, Kanon KF, Rahman MA, Alam MS, Ghosh S, Farid MA. Assessment of human health hazard associated with heavy metal accumulation in popular freshwater, coastal and marine fishes from south-west region, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20514. [PMID: 37822622 PMCID: PMC10562925 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An analysis was conducted on both freshwater, coastal and marine fish species to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals, with the aim of assessing their levels and examining the potential health risks for humans linked to the consumption of contaminated fish. This study estimate concentrations of Cr, Fe, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in 60 individuals belonging to 20 species (10 species for freshwater and another 10 for coastal and marine fishes) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Metal concentrations of Cr, Fe, and Pb in freshwater fishes and Cr, Fe, As, and Pb in marine fishes were exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Average Pollution Load Index (APLI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) of heavy metals were determined for the assessment of human health risk. Ranking order of the values of EDI for freshwater fishes, coastal and marine fishes were Cd > Fe > Pb > Cr > Cu > As and Cd > Fe > Pb > Cr > As > Cu. Highest APLI value of 8.14 (Puntius ticto) that is seriously polluted and 3.003 observed in Otolichthoides pama in freshwater and marine fishes, respectively. THQPb and THQAs for all the fish species were exceed the safe limit (THQ>1) suggesting potential health risk to consumers. The hazard index for both the fish samples were exceeded the USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) permitted risk level (HI > 1). The target carcinogenic risk value for Cr and As were crossed the USEPA standard limit (TCR> 1E-04), which denotes that continuous consumption of studied fishes may cause health risk to the consumers. On the other hand, sensitivity analysis of freshwater, coastal and marine fishes indicates that all the metal concentrations were responsible factor for health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Biswas
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Fatema Kanon
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anisur Rahman
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shafiqul Alam
- Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Ghosh
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Almamun Farid
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
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14
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Sarath KV, Shaji E, Nandakumar V. Characterization of trace and heavy metal concentration in groundwater: A case study from a tropical river basin of southern India. Chemosphere 2023; 338:139498. [PMID: 37451633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater samples collected from the Shiriya River Basin (SRB), a tropical watershed located in Kasaragod, Kerala, southern India, with a special focus on trace elements. Fifty-four groundwater samples were collected from deep aquifers, which constitute weathered and fractured granitoids and mafic rocks, and the groundwater is tapped by bore wells from a fractured zone at a depth range of 60-100 m. Concentrations of Sr, Li, Ba, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ag, Au, Te, Pb, Re, and PGEs in groundwater were determined by using Q-ICPMS. Out of the 25 analysed trace elements in groundwater, only Sr (489.6 μg/L), Ba (226 μg/L), Li (11.76 μg/L) Mn (396.8 μg/L), Ni (68 μg/L) and Fe (2438.5 μg/L) show anomalous values. The PGEs and the majority of trace elements show values within the permissible limit. Raman spectral studies reveal the presence of celsian in aquifer rocks and are the source of Ba in groundwater. Further, XRF data of the rocks show a high enrichment of Fe and Mn in mafic dyke, basalt, and syenite, and Ba and Sr in granite, pegmatite, and granitic gneiss. Therefore, this study proved that the source of these elements is geogenic, i.e., they are released from the crystalline aquifer through rock-water interaction under alkaline conditions. The results of this study show that the groundwater of the basin has enough metals such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn, which are good for health. Nevertheless, a few metals (Fe, Mn, Ba, Sr, Li, Ni) that may exert toxic effects on humans are also present in the groundwater of the SRB. As groundwater is found to be a dependable source of drinking water in such watersheds, a comprehensive study on the hydrogeochemistry of all watersheds in tropical regions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Sarath
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - E Shaji
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India.
| | - V Nandakumar
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Akkulam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
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15
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Shen HX, Song XP, Zhu BL. [Research progress on health hazards of oil mist]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2023; 41:705-710. [PMID: 37805436 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20220610-00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal working fluidis widely used as coolant, lubricant and rust remover in mechanical processing. Oil mist will be formed in the process of metal working fluid. The composition of oil mist is complex, which can produce many adverse effects on the environment and operators. This paper reviews the health hazards of metal working fluid oil mist on human skin, respiratory system, teratogenic and carcinogenic aspects, and discusses the establishment of occupational exposure limits in workplaces of oil mist in foreign countries, in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of occupational health risks of metal working fluid oil mist and the establishment of occupational exposure limits of oil mist in workplaces in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Shen
- Department of Occupational Disease Control, Kunshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215300, China
| | - X P Song
- Department of Occupational Disease Control, Kunshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215300, China
| | - B L Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210028, China
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16
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Nazir R, Shah MH. Evaluation of air quality and health risks associated with trace elements in respirable particulates (PM 2.5) from Islamabad, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1182. [PMID: 37691036 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine atmospheric particulates are associated with numerous environmental and health issues as they can penetrate deeply in the respiratory tract thereby adversely affecting the human health. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations of trace elements in the respirable (PM2.5) fraction of the atmospheric particulates and to understand their pollution status and health risks. The samples were collected from Islamabad, and the metals were extracted using HNO3 and HCl based extraction method. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to quantify the concentrations of selected trace elements. PM2.5 exhibited considerable variations in their minimum (4.737 µg/m3) and maximum (108.1 µg/m3) levels. The significant contributors among the selected elements bound to PM2.5 were Ca (1016 ng/m3), K (759.8 ng/m3), Mg (483.0 ng/m3), Fe (469.7 ng/m3), and Zn (341.1 ng/m3), while Ag (0.578 ng/m3) was found at the lowest levels with an overall descending order: Ca > K > Mg > Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd > Mn > Sr > Cr > Co > Li > Ag. Multivariate PCA and CA identified industrial activities, combustion processes and automobile emissions as the main anthropogenic contributors to particulate pollution. Enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices were computed to assess the pollution status. The results also revealed that among the trace elements, Cd showed extremely high contamination, followed by Ag, Zn, and Pb, which showed moderate to high contamination in the atmospheric particulates. Carcinogenic health risks from Pb and Ni were found to be within the safe limit (1.0 × 10-6); however, Cr, Co, and Cd exposure was linked to significant cancer risks. The present elemental levels in PM2.5 were also compared with the reported levels from other regions around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashida Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, 10250, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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17
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Gupta A, Tiwari RK, Agnihotri R, Padalia K, Mishra S, Dwivedi S. A critical analysis of various post-harvest arsenic removal treatments of rice and their impact on public health due to nutrient loss. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1073. [PMID: 37615784 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is particularly susceptible to arsenic (As) accumulation. Currently, to decrease the level of As accumulated in rice, various post-harvest methods, i.e., polishing, parboiling, pH-dependent soaking, washing, and cooking at different rice-to-water ratios (r/w), are being focused, because it removes significant amount of As from rice grain. Depending upon the rice variety and type, i.e., rough (with husk), husked (without husk/brown), or polished rice, these methods can remove 39-54% As by parboiling, 38-55% by polishing, 37-63% by soaking, and 6-80% by washing and cooking. Infants are highly vulnerable to As exposure; thus, these methods can be helpful for the production of rice-based infant foods. Although concern arises during the use of these methods that apart from decreasing the level of As in rice grain, they also lead to a significant loss of nutrients, such as macro- and micro-elements present in rice. Among these discussed methods, parboiling curtails 5-59%, polishing curtails 6-96%, soaking curtails 33-83%, and washing and cooking in different r/w reduce 8-81% of essential nutrients resulting in 2-90% reduction in contribution to the RDI of these nutrients through rice-based diet. Thus, these post-harvest arsenic removal methods, although reduce arsenic induced health hazard, but may also lead to malnutrition and compromised health in the population based on rice diet. There is a need to explore another way to reduce As from rice without compromising the nutrient availability or to supplement these nutrients through grain enrichment or by introducing additional dietary sources by changing eating habits; however, this may impose an extra economic burden on people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Tiwari
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Ruchi Agnihotri
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Kalpana Padalia
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Seema Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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18
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Lemessa F, Simane B, Seyoum A, Gebresenbet G. Analysis of the concentration of heavy metals in soil, vegetables and water around the bole Lemi industry park, Ethiopia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12429. [PMID: 36593829 PMCID: PMC9803712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigation water contaminated with industrial waste could pollute the soil and vegetables with heavy metals. The objective of this study was to analyze the concentration of heavy metals in soil and vegetables after irrigation practices with wastewater emanating from industrial parks. 24 samples were collected from 8 sampling stations for vegetable, soil and water samples separately, following APHA procedures. Samples were collected using a composite sampling method in May and June 2021. Water samples were collected using clean polyethylene plastic bottles while soil and vegetables were sampled using clean plastic bags. Analysis was done for heavy metal concentrations such as Pb, Cr, Cd, and Zn for each sample using descriptive statistics of changes in concentrations, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Principal Component Analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The mean concentration of heavy metals in soil, vegetables, and water samples was analyzed. Unlike the rest of the heavy metal concentrations, the result showed the highest levels for Zn, i.e., 7.82 mg/kg and 5.12 mg/kg for vegetables and soil samples, respectively. The maximum value of the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the highest value of Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), and the maximum Target Cancer Risk (TCR) value recorded were 19.39, 0.001, and 8.09 × 10-5 for Cd, Zn, and Cr, respectively. But, Hazard Index (HI) indicated no potential health effects. On the other hand, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil sample showed that Cr and Cd were strongly positively correlated with the concentration of Pb in vegetables during May. Cd concentration in the water sample was also strongly positively correlated with the concentration of Pb during May. The application of proper management for the reduction of contaminants, and suitable irrigation methods with treated wastewater is essential. The study can provide a basis for the City Administration of Addis Ababa to properly protect the water quality of rivers and provide a reference for river management around the industry parks across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fituma Lemessa
- Addis Ababa University, Center for Environment and Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
| | - Belay Simane
- Addis Ababa University, Center for Environment and Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Seyoum
- Addis Ababa University, Center for Environment and Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Peirovi-Minaee R, Alami A, Moghaddam A, Zarei A. Determination of Concentration of Metals in Grapes Grown in Gonabad Vineyards and Assessment of Associated Health Risks. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3541-3552. [PMID: 36183297 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metals are considered major public health hazards, and they are known to accumulate in fruits, which are consumed by humans because of their unique sweet taste and potential health benefits. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the concentration of ten metals, namely arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in red grape samples grown in Gonabad vineyards and to estimate the associated health risks of metals in terms of chronic daily intake (CDI), carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks by hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR) for children, teenagers, and adults. The overall concentrations of the metals in red grapes were in the range 0.07-0.5 (mean 0.14), 0.08-0.13 (mean 0.10), 0.07-0.13 (mean 0.09), 0.06-1.49 (mean 0.29), 0.52-4.12 (mean 1.65), 6.43-42.17 (mean 19.01), 0.89-4.04 (mean 1.89), 0.07-9.23 (mean 0.71), 0.07-0.37 (mean 0.18), and 0.40-4.13 (mean 1.05) mg/kg dry weight for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Based on the results, As in 11.76% and Zn in 5.88% of the samples exceeded the FAO/WHO permissible limits. The estimated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices for children, teenagers, and adults showed that the results were lower than the critical value (1) and were in acceptable range. Therefore, red grape is safe for consumption with no impact on the human health. However, red grape consumption was just one part of fruit consumption, and the potential health hazards for inhabitants might actually be higher than in this research when other routes of heavy metal intake and also other fruits are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Peirovi-Minaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ali Alami
- School of Medicine, Social Medicine Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Moghaddam
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zarei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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20
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Zimmermann L, Scheringer M, Geueke B, Boucher JM, Parkinson LV, Groh KJ, Muncke J. Implementing the EU Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability: The case of food contact chemicals of concern. J Hazard Mater 2022; 437:129167. [PMID: 35897167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The EU Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS) aims at removing the most harmful chemicals from consumer products, including from food contact materials (FCMs). If implemented as intended, the CSS has the potential to significantly improve the protection of public health by banning the use of chemicals of concern that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic to reproduction (CMRs), or persistent and bioaccumulative, or endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in FCMs. However, until now an overview of such food contact chemicals of concern (FCCoCs) has not been available, because the CSS is fairly recent. Therefore, we here systematically analyze the food contact chemicals listed for intentional use in FCMs and identify known FCCoCs. We present a list of 388 FCCoCs that should be phased-out from use. Of these, 352 are CMRs, four are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and 127 have empirical evidence for presence in FCMs. Importantly, 30 FCCoCs with evidence for presence are monomers of which 22 have evidence for migration into foodstuff showing that monomers in FCMs indeed become relevant for human exposure. Our findings justify moving away from a risk- towards a hazard-based approach to regulation of chemicals in FCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ksenia J Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Kurniasari F, Tazaki A, Hashimoto K, Yuan T, Al Hossain MMA, Akhand AA, Ahsan N, Ohnuma S, Kato M. Redistribution of potentially toxic elements in the hydrosphere after the relocation of a group of tanneries. Chemosphere 2022; 303:135098. [PMID: 35643165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous relocation of a group of pollutant sources in a heavily polluted area is a rare event. Such a relocation has been implemented in Hazaribagh, a tannery built-up area with heavy pollution, in Bangladesh. This provides a valuable opportunity to compare the changes in environmental conditions associated with the relocation of multiple putative sources. Our environmental monitoring for a period of 6 years at the stationary areas centered on Hazaribagh geographically revealed trivalent [Cr(III)], hexavalent [Cr(VI)] chromium, lead, iron, and manganese as tannery-related elements after the legal deadline for tannery relocation. The median Cr(III) level in canal water, into which wastewater from tanneries was directly discharged, after the relocation was 97% lower of that before the relocation, indicating a beneficial effect of the relocation. In contrast, the median Cr(VI) level in water samples just after the relocation and 2 years after the relocation were approximately 5-fold and 30-fold higher, respectively, than those before the relocation. These results indicate not only a harmful effect of the relocation but also the possibility of conversion from Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in nature. Although the health hazard indexes considering all of the tannery-related elements in all of the canal water samples before the relocation exceeded the safety thresholds, the percentages of samples in which the indexes exceeded their safety thresholds after the relocation decreased by 32.5%-45.0%. Treatment with our patented hydrotalcite-like compound consisting of magnesium and iron (MF-HT) resulted in decreases in the health hazard indexes in all of the water samples in which the indexes exceeded their safety thresholds to levels lower than their thresholds. Thus, this study shows the double-edged effects associated with the relocation and a potential solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Kurniasari
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Tazaki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tian Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M M Aeorangajeb Al Hossain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anwarul Azim Akhand
- Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Ahsan
- Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shoko Ohnuma
- Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Voluntary Body for International Healthcare in Universities, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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22
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Ricketts P, Voutchkov M, Gordon A. Characterization of inorganic elements in common consumer plastics using handheld X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:55666-55674. [PMID: 35318607 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are increasingly being used in consumer products due to its versatility in many applications. However, these plastics may contain inorganic elements that may be harmful to humans. To determine any potential health risk of plastics, it was important to characterize elemental composition of plastics and assess usage patterns. To investigate plastic usage in a typical Jamaican household and to characterize the inorganic elements in consumer plastics using XRF analyzer. About 200 questionnaires were distributed to households to determine the types and quantity of plastics. A total of 130 plastic samples from 7 categories were collected and measured for inorganic elements using handheld XRF. Household plastics were mainly used for storage and personal hygiene products. On average, 10% of plastics were recycled, while 30% were burned. Inorganic elements present in plastic samples were Cl > Ti > Ba > Fe > Zn > Sb > Cr > Br > Cu > V > Pb > As. Elemental concentrations varied based on the category of plastics. Green plastics had the highest concentrations of each type of elements. This study provided useful information on characterizing the different types of elements present in common household plastics. Results from the survey were used to assess participants' attitude and behaviors towards plastics usage and disposal. It was important to obtain a profile of plastics waste from a typical household. This will allow for more targeted strategies to reduce plastics pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phylicia Ricketts
- The Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Mona campus, West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - Mitko Voutchkov
- The Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Mona campus, West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - André Gordon
- The Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Mona campus, West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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23
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Vinothkannan A, Charles PE, Rajaram R. Consumption of metal-contaminated shellfish from the Cuddalore coast in Southeastern India poses a hazard to public health. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 181:113827. [PMID: 35716490 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal distribution of four metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in eight shellfish species collected from the heavily contaminated Cuddalore coast in Tamil Nadu, Southern India, were analyzed. Metal concentrations in all shellfish species were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. All metals were present in all seasons in most of the species, however, with a few exceptions. Overall, the metal concentration was in the descending order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Metals might have emerged from both natural and anthropogenic sources as per multivariate statistical analysis. Bioaccumulation factor results showed that cadmium was more bioaccumulated and beyond the threshold limit. Hazard index (HI) values revealed that consuming shellfish from Cuddalore coast can pose hazards to human health, with all HI values beyond threshold limit across all seasons - premonsoon (1.33), monsoon (1.73), postmonsoon (2.55), and summer (2.64). It is evident that consumption of shellfish across all seasons may have adverse health impacts to the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Vinothkannan
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Partheeban Emmanuel Charles
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India.
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24
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Ali MM, Ali ML, Jahan Rakib MR, Islam MS, Bhuyan MS, Senapathi V, Chung SY, Roy PD, Sekar S, Md Towfiqul Islam AR, Rahman MZ. Seasonal behavior and accumulation of some toxic metals in commercial fishes from Kirtankhola tidal river of Bangladesh - A health risk taxation. Chemosphere 2022; 301:134660. [PMID: 35469901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of fish with heavy metals (Heavy metals) is one of the most severe environmental and human health issues. However, the contamination levels in tropical fishes from Bangladesh are still unknown. To this end, the evaluated concentrations of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 12 different commercially important fish species (Tenualosa ilisha, Gudusia chapra, Otolithoides pama, Setipinna phasa, Glossogobius giuris, Pseudeutropius atherinoides, Polynemus paradiseus, Sillaginopsis panijus, Corica soborna, Amblypharyngodon mola, Trichogaster fasciata, and Wallago attu) were collected from the Kirtankhola River assess human health risk for the consumers, both in the summer and winter seasons. Toxic metals surpassed the acceptable international limits in P. atherinoides, P. paradiseus, S. panijus, C. soborna, and W. attu. The target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed that non-carcinogenic health effects (HI < 1) for children and adults, and the carcinogenic risk (CR) indicated safety. Results show that children are more susceptible to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards from higher As. The multivariate analysis justified that heavy metals were from anthropogenic actions. The lessening of toxic metals might need strict rules and regulations as metal enrichment would continue to increase in this tidal river from both the anthropogenic and natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohammad Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md Lokman Ali
- Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Simul Bhuyan
- Bangladesh Marine Fisheries Association, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Institute of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences & Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Venkatramanan Senapathi
- Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sang Yong Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Priyadarsi D Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P., 04510, Mexico
| | - Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Shaikat AH, Khan SA, Imtiaz MA, Pasha MR, Sultana J, Saif A, Alam MR. Assessing the health hazard originated via pesticide chemicals in human through rabbit model in agricultural production system in Bangladesh. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:28. [PMID: 35484604 PMCID: PMC9047348 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of chemical pesticides in developing countries like Bangladesh and their impacts on human health and food security is a global concern. Bangladesh is an agricultural dependent country for the growing population demand for food security and food safety. We conduct this study to assess public health threats of commonly utilised pesticides including malathion and nitrobenzene in female rabbit model. METHODS Thirty New Zealand White healthy rabbit was divided randomly into three groups; and subjected to distilled water as control, malathion@ 5 mg/kg body weight and nitrobenzene@ 5 mg/kg body i.p daily for the next 15 days. Hematology, serum biochemistry and hormonal assay were performed. RESULTS Red blood cell (RBC) concentrations (TEC, Hb, PCV%) were reduced in rabbits exposed to malathion and nitrobenzene. The neutrophil and eosinophil percentage were increased in the malathion and nitrobenzene exposed juvenile rabbit group. We found that serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine were increased in the nitrobenzene exposed group in infants, whereas malathion exposure increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In contrast, the juvenile group exposed to malathion increased the ALT level. There was no change in AST or creatinine levels in juvenile rabbits exposed to malathion or nitrobenzene. Serum estradiol levels were significantly lower in rabbits exposed to malathion and nitrobenzene. Serum testosterone concentration was increased in juvenile rabbits exposed to malathion and nitrobenzene, but progesterone was decreased in malathion exposed juvenile rabbits. CONCLUSION However, this study highlights the importance of rigorous monitoring and testing of agricultural products. In addition, strengthen research and extension in the fields of agro economy, organic farming, local universities and farmer associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossan Shaikat
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
| | - Shahneaz Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ridoan Pasha
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Jabin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Arfanul Saif
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rashedul Alam
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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26
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Soegianto A, Nurfiyanti PE, Saputri RNR, Affandi M, Payus CM. Assessment of the health risks related with metal accumulation in blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) caught in East Java coastal waters, Indonesia. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 177:113573. [PMID: 35314398 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Blue swimming crab (BSC) Portunus pelagicus from the Bali Strait had the lowest Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd and Hg concentrations compared to those from the Java Sea and the Madura Strait. The order of metal concentrations in BSC was Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg. The levels of six metals in BSC from all stations were less than the maximum allowable limits. However, Cr levels in BSC from the Java Sea and the Madura Strait exceeded the provisional tolerable weekly intake. All of the hazardous index values reported were greater than one, indicating that consumption of this crab from these locations appears to be hazardous to human health. Furthermore, because the Cr and Cd target cancer risk values were higher than 10-4, people who consume this crab from these locations may develop cancer after a lifespan of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agoes Soegianto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Putri Endah Nurfiyanti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | | | - Moch Affandi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Carolyn Melissa Payus
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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27
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Sarkar B, Gupta AM, Shah MP, Mandal S. Poly-cis-isoprene Degradation by Nocardia sp. BSTN01 Isolated from Industrial Waste. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 35286594 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The natural and synthetic rubber (NR and SR) products are made up of poly-cis-isoprene which are estimated as one of the major solid-wastes and need to be cleared through bacterial bioremediation. The present research reports isolation and characterization of a gram-positive, non-spore forming, filamentous actinomycete Nocardia sp. BSTN01 from the waste of a rubber processing industry. We found NR- and SR-dependent growth of BSTN01 over a period of time. BSTN01 has been found to degrade NR by 55.3% and SR by 45.9% in 6 weeks. We have found an increase in the total protein of BSTN01 cells up to 623.6 and 573.9 µg/ml for NR and SR, respectively, after 6 weeks of growth in rubber-supplemented MSM medium. Scanning electron microscopy revealed adhesive growth of BSTN01 on the surface of NR and SR. Formation of aldehyde groups due to the degradation was indicated by Schiff's test and confirmed by FTIR-ATR analysis. The genome sequence of BSTN01 revealed the gene responsible for rubber degradation. The presence of lcp gene and structural analysis of the latex clearing protein further confirmed the reliability. Studies on quantification of rubber degradation capability by the isolated strain prove it to be an efficient degrader of NR and SR. This study revealed the genome sequence and structural analysis of the proteins responsible for degradation of rubber. A new fast-growing Nocardia strain can degrade both NR and SR with higher efficiency and have future potential for rubber solid-waste management either alone or in consortia.
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28
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Giordani M, Mattioli M, Cangiotti M, Fattori A, Ottaviani MF, Betti M, Ballirano P, Pacella A, Di Giuseppe D, Scognamiglio V, Hanuskova M, Gualtieri AF. Characterisation of potentially toxic natural fibrous zeolites by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and morphological-mineralogical studies. Chemosphere 2022; 291:133067. [PMID: 34838598 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the morphological, mineralogical, and physico-chemical features of carcinogenic erionite and other possibly hazardous zeolites, such as mesolite and thomsonite, while also investigating the interacting capability of the mineral surface at the liquid/solid interface. Extremely fibrous erionite is K+ and Ca2+-rich and shows the highest Si/Al ratio (3.38) and specific surface area (8.14 m2/g). Fibrous mesolite is Na+ and Ca2+-rich and displays both a lower Si/Al ratio (1.56) and a smaller specific surface area (1.56 m2/g). The thomsonite composition shows the lowest values of Si/Al ratio (1.23) and specific surface area (0.38 m2/g). Electron paramagnetic resonance data from selected spin probes reveal that erionite has a homogeneous site distribution and interacts well with all spin probes. The surfaces of mesolite and thomsonite are less homogeneous and closer polar sites were found through consequent interaction with the probes. The mesolite surface can also clearly interact but with a lower strength and may represent a potential health hazard for humans, though with a lower degree if compared to erionite. The thomsonite surface is not inert and interacts with the probes with a low-grade capability. We can expect small fragments of thomsonite to interact with the biological environment, though with a low-grade intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Giordani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Mattioli
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Alberto Fattori
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Paolo Ballirano
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pacella
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Scognamiglio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Miriam Hanuskova
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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29
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Naskar AK, Gazi M, Mondal M, Deb A. Water radon risk in Susunia hill area: an assessment in terms of radiation dose. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:11160-11171. [PMID: 34528208 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiological impact of radon in air is a global issue whereas radon in water has local consequences. Considering its importance, we have conducted a study on radon activity measurements in 316 tube-well water samples collected from Susunia hill area in Bankura district of West Bengal, India during the period of 25th December 2018-2nd February 2020. Radon contents are measured using AlphaGUARD radon monitor. The obtained radon activities in drinking water samples lie between 1.78 ± 0.07 and 3213.50 ± 77.32 Bq/l with an average of 128.30 ± 14.09 Bq/l. This study reveals that 93% of the samples have radon levels in excess of the USEPA proposed maximum contamination level (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/l while radon levels of 40% samples have exceeded the WHO and EU Council Directive recommended reference level of 100 Bq/l. The total annual effective dose of the samples have been estimated by considering the per day water intake of 3 l. The calculated total annual effective dose widely fluctuates between 10.39 and 18649.55 μSv/year with an average value of 744.59 μSv/year. 269 water samples have exceeded the WHO and EU Council Directive recommended reference level of 100 μSv/year. However, if we consider the UNSCEAR prescribed annual water intake of 60 l, the average dose becomes 279.82 μSv/year. The situation demands attention of the local authorities. Local people are advised to take some easy preventive measures for their radiological protection against such contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Kumar Naskar
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Department of Physics, Bangabasi Evening College, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Mahasin Gazi
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, 58 Canal Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Mitali Mondal
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
- School of Studies in Environmental Radiation and Archaeological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Argha Deb
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
- School of Studies in Environmental Radiation and Archaeological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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Verma A, Gaharwar US, Priyadarshini E, Rajamani P. Metal accumulation and health risk assessment in wastewater used for irrigation around the Agra Canal in Faridabad, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:8623-8637. [PMID: 34491499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater application for irrigation is a traditional and economic tool in developing nations. Yet prolonged use of wastewater for agricultural activities contributes to the accumulation of metals in both soil and vegetables. This study investigated the accumulation and contamination of vegetables with heavy metals ensuing from the application of wastewater from the Agra Canal and the associated risks posed to human health. Three sites across the Agra canal were selected for sampling (CW-1, CW-2, and CW-3), where untreated wastewater is being used to irrigate vegetables (spinach, coriander, radish, and garlic crops), for which tube-well water (TW) from a village served as the control site. Water, soil, and vegetable samples were collected from all sites. The presence in them of various metals, such as As, Pb, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ni, was detected at all four sites. The greatest content of Mn was found in CW-1's water (7.91 mg/L), soil (633.77 mg/kg), and in spinach 368.12 (mg/kg) grown there. Significantly higher metal concentrations were observed in vegetables irrigated with wastewater than in tube-well-irrigated vegetables, with the metals ranked in accumulation as follows Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > As. Our results also revealed that metal bioaccumulation varied enormously between foliar and non-foliar vegetables, as well as among the four sites. Daily metal intake (DMI) and health risk index (HRI) analyses suggested that children consuming contaminated vegetables are at higher risk than adults. The HRI for Mn, Ni, and Pb was above 1, which indicated significant health hazards to humans consuming the wastewater-irrigated vegetables. Moreover, the control site where tube-well water was used had an HRI below 1, signifying a negligible health risk for its consumption. Therefore, we may conclude that the extensive application of contaminated water for a longer duration would likely further increase metal accumulation in soil and vegetables that may be hazardous to living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Verma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Usha Singh Gaharwar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Eepsita Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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31
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Deka H, Barman T, Sarmah PP, Devi A, Tamuly P, Karak T. Impact of processing method on selected trace elements content of green tea: Does CTC green tea infusion possess risk towards human health? Food Chem X 2021; 12:100173. [PMID: 34917927 PMCID: PMC8645460 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reported the content of selected metals, viz. cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) as well as non-carcinogenic risks of orthodox green tea and CTC (crush, tear and curl) green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) in India. Results revealed that significantly higher amount of Cr (1.26-10.48 mg kg-1), Cu (13.40-22.73 mg kg-1), Fe (54.14-99.65 mg kg-1), Ni (3.43-7.09 mg kg-1), and Zn (25.04-38.04 mg kg-1) in CTC green tea than orthodox one. However, no definite trend was observed for Cd and Pb, with overall contents ranged from 6.68 to 23.32 µg kg-1 and 0.04 to 0.13 mg kg-1, respectively. The extraction of the elements in tea infusion was higher for CTC green tea. The hazard quotient and hazard index values of all the studied metals were less than unity, confirming no significant health effect for consumers assuming drinking of 750 mL tea infusion prepared from 10 g green tea per day per person.
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Key Words
- AAS, Atomic absorption spectrometer
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- BDL, Below detectable limit
- CGT, CTC green tea
- CGTI, CTC green tea infusion
- CRM, Certified reference material
- CTC green tea
- CTC, Crush, tear and curl
- Cadmium (PubChem CID: 23973)
- Chromium (PubChem CID: 23976)
- Copper (PubChem CID: 23978)
- EDI, Estimated daily intake
- FBD, Fluidized bed dryer
- FSSAI, Food safety and standard authority of India
- HCA, Hierarchical cluster analysis
- HI, Hazard index
- HQ, Hazard quotient
- Health hazard
- IDL, Instrument detection limit
- Infusion
- Iron (PubChem CID: 23925)
- Lead (PubChem CID: 5352425)
- MANOVA, Multivariate analysis of variance
- Nickel (PubChem CID: 935)
- OGT, Orthodox green tea
- OGTI, Orthodox green tea infusion
- Orthodox green tea
- PC, Principal component
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- PTDI, Provisional tolerable daily intake
- RfD, Reference dose
- Trace elements
- WHO, World Health Organization
- Zinc (PubChem CID: 23994)
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Deka
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India
| | - Tupu Barman
- Analytical Services Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India
| | - Podma Pollov Sarmah
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India
| | - Arundhuti Devi
- Resource Management and Environment Section, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India
| | - Pradip Tamuly
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat 785008, Assam, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom 786101, Assam, India
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Rahaman MS, Rahman MM, Mise N, Sikder MT, Ichihara G, Uddin MK, Kurasaki M, Ichihara S. Environmental arsenic exposure and its contribution to human diseases, toxicity mechanism and management. Environ Pollut 2021; 289:117940. [PMID: 34426183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-recognized environmental contaminant that occurs naturally through geogenic processes in the aquifer. More than 200 million people around the world are potentially exposed to the elevated level of arsenic mostly from Asia and Latin America. Many adverse health effects including skin diseases (i.e., arsenicosis, hyperkeratosis, pigmentation changes), carcinogenesis, and neurological diseases have been reported due to arsenic exposure. In addition, arsenic has recently been shown to contribute to the onset of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms involved in arsenic-induced diabetes are pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance and reduced cellular glucose transport. Whereas, the most proposed mechanisms of arsenic-induced hypertension are oxidative stress, disruption of nitric oxide signaling, altered vascular response to neurotransmitters and impaired vascular muscle calcium (Ca2+) signaling, damage of renal, and interference with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, the contributions of arsenic exposure to non-communicable diseases are complex and multifaceted, and little information is available about the molecular mechanisms involved in arsenic-induced non-communicable diseases and also no suitable therapeutic target identified yet. Therefore, in the future, more basic research is necessary to identify the appropriate therapeutic target for the treatment and management of arsenic-induced non-communicable diseases. Several reports demonstrated that a daily balanced diet with proper nutrient supplements (vitamins, micronutrients, natural antioxidants) has shown effective to reduce the damages caused by arsenic exposure. Arsenic detoxication through natural compounds or nutraceuticals is considered a cost-effective treatment/management and researchers should focus on these alternative options. This review paper explores the scenarios of arsenic contamination in groundwater with an emphasis on public health concerns. It also demonstrated arsenic sources, biogeochemistry, toxicity mechanisms with therapeutic targets, arsenic exposure-related human diseases, and onsets of cardiovascular diseases as well as feasible management options for arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shiblur Rahaman
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan; Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nathan Mise
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Md Khabir Uddin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Masaaki Kurasaki
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
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Aljowaie RM, Abdel Gawwad MR, Al Farraj DA, H JK, Rajendran P. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of lipopeptide against drug resistant Vibrio species. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1887-1892. [PMID: 34711526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unrestricted application of antibiotics increased antimicrobial resistance in bacteria through horizontal gene transfer of resistant genes from the pathogenic sources and the evolution of multi-drug resistance organisms. The application of antibiotics caused severe risk to human health because animals may transmit diseases to humans. Hence, the search of novel antimicrobial agents from microbial sources is an urgent need. METHODS A lipopeptide producing stain SU05 was isolated from the pond water by serial dilution method. The lipopeptide yield was improved after optimization method and the yield was analyzed using High Performance Liquid chromatography. The influence of wheat bran (0.5%-2.5%) and rice bran (0.5%-2.5%), pH (5.5-8.5), temperature (25-40 °C) were screened to improve the production of lipopeptides by stain SU05 in submerged fermentation. Antibacterial activity of crude lipopeptide was tested against Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio septicus, Vibrio fischeri, and Vibrio splendidus. The influence of lipopeptide on enzymes and antimicrobial property was analyzed. RESULTS Lipopeptide production was improved after nutrient supplements and optimization of physical factors. Lipopeptide showed potent activity against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains such as, V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. vulnificus, V. salmonicida, V. septicus, V. fischeri, and V. splendidus. Lipopeptide shows stability on various enzymes and this clearly revealed that the purified lipopeptide was highly stable in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. The findings suggest that lipopeptide SU05 characterized from the bacteria can survive at acidic environment in the intestine, and could be used to formulate fish feed. CONCLUSIONS The finding showed that the characterized lipopepties synthesized by B. amyloliquefaciens SU05 had a broad spectrum antibiotic potential against multidrug resistant Vibriosis causing bacterial pathogens. They were highly stable at broad temperature and pH ranges. These results demonstrated stability of lipopeptide at extreme conditions. The stability and activity of lipopeptide at extreme climatic condition is also useful for the application in pharmaceutical and food processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Aljowaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R Abdel Gawwad
- Genetics & Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jose Kingsly H
- Vizhinjam Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Vizhinjam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - P Rajendran
- Kanyakumari Field Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kanyakumari, India
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Wang X, Zia MH, Aziz H, Ali S, Murtaza B, Fiaz S. Bioassimilation of lead and zinc in rabbits fed on spinach grown on contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 224:112638. [PMID: 34419642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals in the environment can pose a potential risk to living organisms. Ingestion of leafy vegetables, containing heavy metals, is one of the main routes through which these elements enter the human body. The present study was conducted to assess the accumulation of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in spinach grown on metal contaminated soil, and to examine the bioassimilation of these metals in spinach-fed rabbits. Spinach grown in the fields spiked with Pb (1000 mg kg-1 soil) and Zn (150 mg kg-1 soil), was fed to the rabbits for 14 days. Concentrations of Pb and Zn in the leaves of spinach were 39.1 and 113 mg kg-1, respectively. For the assessment of Pb and Zn concentration, blood samples were collected after 24 h, 7 days and 14 days of feeding, while the essential organs, i.e. liver and kidneys of rabbits were collected at the end of feeding trials. Concentrations (mg L-1) of Pb (3.28) and Zn (7.10) increased in blood after 24 h compared to control treatment and then decreased (Pb 1.12; Zn 3.32) to a steady state with the passage of time after 7 days. A significant increase in the concentrations of Pb (1.20%, 3.95% and 5.58%) and Zn (10.7%, 6.89% and 18.4%) as compared to control treatment was also found in liver, kidney and bones of the rabbits, respectively, which was further confirmed by multivariate analysis. The highest significant values of correlation coefficient (r) were observed for blood and bones, i.e. 0.992 followed by blood and liver, i.e. 0.989. The bioassimilation of Pb in the body of rabbits was in the order of bone > kidney > liver > blood, while for Zn the order was bone > liver > kidney > blood. The bioassimilation of Pb and Zn in the blood, essential organs and bones depicted the serious health risks associated by consuming the metal contaminated vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajammal Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | | | - Humera Aziz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSAT University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, 22620 Pakistan
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Orji OU, Ibiam UA, Awoke JN, Obasi OD, Uraku AJ, Alum EU, Eze AG. Assessment of Levels and Health Risks of Trace Metals in Soils and Food Crops Cultivated on Farmlands Near Enyigba Mining Sites, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1288-1294. [PMID: 33465238 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In most developing countries, mining is one of the major sources of toxic heavy metals, some of which are a major health concern to the surrounding populace through soil pollution and food contamination. We investigated the levels of Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Rb, Sr, Se, Nb, and V in 64 soil samples, 320 samples of regularly consumed staple food crops and vegetables (Manihot esculenta [cassava] tubers, Dioscorea rotundata [white yam], Arachi hypogea [groundnut] seed, Telfariria occidentalis [fluted pumpkin leaf]), and leaves of the medical plant Zanthoxulum zanthoxyloides on farmlands near Enyigba mining sites in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. We also examined the possible health risks due to consumption of these staple foods. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence was used to determine the metals present in the samples. The mean levels of metals, except for Mn, Pb, and Zn, were below the threshold limits recommended by various institutions for agricultural soils. Our data also showed that food crops cultivated near these sites bioaccumulated toxic levels of these metals above the proposed values set by the World Health Organization, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, and Codex Alimentarius Commission, especially for Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Se, and Rb. These findings may have potential health implications for the local dwellers. The estimated daily intakes of the toxic metals through the consumption of the crop samples were below the maximum tolerable daily intakes, except for Pb and Ni, by eating groundnut, cassava, and white yam. Furthermore, the target hazard quotient, computed based on the estimated daily intake of the heavy metals, was above unity for the metals for cassava, white yam, and groundnut consumption, suggesting significant health risk. Elevated amounts of heavy metals in cassava and groundnut samples, as revealed by their metal extraction coefficient computed in this study, hint that they may be used as bioindicators of ecological and health hazards and phytoremediators of Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- O U Orji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - U A Ibiam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - J N Awoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - O D Obasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - A J Uraku
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - E U Alum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - A G Eze
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Rogula-Kozłowska W, Rybak J, Wróbel M, Bihałowicz JS, Krasuski A, Majder-Łopatka M. Site environment type - The main factor of urban road dust toxicity? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 218:112290. [PMID: 33962272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to determine the effects of the water extracts of urban road dust (URD) samples on the growth inhibition and mortality rate of Heterocypris incongruens in various site environment type. We collected 24 samples of the road dust close to highways, main roads, crossroads as well as at other places i.e. residential area, and suburbs. We determined the selected metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, Tl, V and Zn) content of the water extracts of these samples as well as we tested the toxicity of the water extracts of URD samples using a commercial test Ostracodtoxkit F. We observed the lowest values of the growth inhibition of H. incongruens for residential areas and suburbs (<50%). The highest growth inhibition we found for water extracts of URD samples collected at the main roads in the Katowice urban area and crossroads in the urban areas. Although the mortality and growth inhibition of H. incongruens were related to the road traffic emissions it was impossible to clearly relate this finding with the urban site category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rybak
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Str., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wróbel
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Str., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Stefan Bihałowicz
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Krasuski
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
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Groh KJ, Geueke B, Martin O, Maffini M, Muncke J. Overview of intentionally used food contact chemicals and their hazards. Environ Int 2021; 150:106225. [PMID: 33272655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Food contact materials (FCMs) are used to make food contact articles (FCAs) that come into contact with food and beverages during, e.g., processing, storing, packaging, or consumption. FCMs/FCAs can cause chemical contamination of food when migration of their chemical constituents (known as food contact chemicals, FCCs) occurs. Some FCCs are known to be hazardous. However, the total extent of exposure to FCCs, as well as their health and environmental effects, remain unknown, because information on chemical structures, use patterns, migration potential, and health effects of FCCs is often absent or scattered across multiple sources. Therefore, we initiated a research project to systematically collect, analyze, and publicly share information on FCCs. As a first step, we compiled a database of intentionally added food contact chemicals (FCCdb), presented here. The FCCdb lists 12'285 substances that could possibly be used worldwide to make FCMs/FCAs, identified based on 67 FCC lists from publicly available sources, such as regulatory lists and industry inventories. We further explored FCCdb chemicals' hazards using several authoritative sources of hazard information, including (i) classifications for health and environmental hazards under the globally harmonized system for classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS), (ii) the identification of chemicals of concern due to endocrine disruption or persistence related hazards, and (iii) the inclusion on selected EU- or US-relevant regulatory lists of hazardous chemicals. This analysis prioritized 608 hazardous FCCs for further assessment and substitution in FCMs/FCAs. Evaluation based on non-authoritative, predictive hazard data (e.g., by in silico modeling or literature analysis) highlighted an additional 1411 FCCdb substances that could thus present similar levels of concern, but have not been officially classified so far. Lastly, for over a quarter of all FCCdb chemicals no hazard information could be found in the sources consulted, revealing a significant data gap and research need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia J Groh
- Food Packaging Forum, Staffelstrasse 10, 8045 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum, Staffelstrasse 10, 8045 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olwenn Martin
- Institute for the Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Quad North 17a, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum, Staffelstrasse 10, 8045 Zurich, Switzerland
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Dumpala RMR, Das SK, Ali M, Boda A, Kumar P, Rawat N, Kumar A, Ali SM. Characterization of Thorium-Pyrazinoic acid complexation and its decorporation efficacy in human cells and blood. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129547. [PMID: 33445029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thorium (Th) exposure to the human beings is a radiochemical hazard and the chelation therapy by suitable drugs is the major prevention approach to deal with. The present studies aimed at usage of pyrazinoic acid (PCA), which is a prodrug to treat tuberculosis, for its usage as decorporating agent for thorium from human body. The present studies provide a comprehensive knowledge on the chemical interaction and biological efficacy of pyrazinoic acid (PCA) for decorporation of Thorium from the human body. The thermodynamic parameters for Th-PCA speciation are determined by both experiment and theory. The potentiometric data analysis and Electro-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) studies revealed the formation of MLi (i = 1-4) species with the decrease in stepwise stability constants. All the species formations are endothermic reactions and are predominantly entropy-driven. Biological experiments using human erythrocytes, whole blood and normal human lung cells showed cytocompatibility and decorporation ability of PCA for Thorium. Density functional calculations have been carried out to get insights on interaction process at molecular level. The experimental results and theoretical predictions found to be in line with each other. Present findings on complexation of Th by PCA and its evaluation in human cells and blood would further motivate determination of its safety levels and decorporation efficacy in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sourav Kumar Das
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Manjoor Ali
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Anil Boda
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Pranaw Kumar
- Fuel Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Neetika Rawat
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Sk Musharaf Ali
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400094, India
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Dutta D, Goel S. Understanding the gap between formal and informal e-waste recycling facilities in India. Waste Manag 2021; 125:163-171. [PMID: 33706255 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, old electrical and electronic gadgets are being replaced constantly by newer versions resulting in huge amounts of waste electronic and electrical products that are collectively termed e-waste. It is estimated that 95% of e-waste recycling in India is done by the informal sector at the cost of their health and the environment. Very little data and no descriptions of recycling processes in the formal sector in India were available in the literature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of formal and informal e-waste recycling facilities in India. Seven authorized e-waste handling facilities in West Bengal, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Delhi were visited and most were involved in dismantling work only. In all cases, metals, plastic and glass are recovered from e-waste in compliance with environmental legislation. Challenges faced by the formal sector include lack of awareness among people and very few collection centers throughout the country. Quantification of e-waste generated in India was difficult as imported second-hand electrical and electronic gadgets cannot be separated for electronic waste. There is no mechanism for collecting data regarding e-waste generation in the states or at the Central government level. It is likely that published estimates are based on the indigenous production and import of electrical and electronic goods. The current installed e-waste handling capacity of 11 × 105 tons/year of e-waste in the country is woefully inadequate and needs to be enhanced as the minimum requirement is estimated to be 22 × 105 tons/year of e-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Dutta
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sudha Goel
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Bihałowicz JS, Rogula-Kozłowska W, Krasuski A. Contribution of landfill fires to air pollution - An assessment methodology. Waste Manag 2021; 125:182-191. [PMID: 33711733 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of waste fires to air pollution. The annual emission of pollutants (CO, NOx, PM10, SO2) and greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2) were evaluated. The prediction of emissions is based on statistical data from 79 large fires that took place in Poland in 2018. We analyzed the spatial distribution of these fires along with the expected emission factor. The predicted emissions from all large waste fires was in total: 2.05 ± 0.10Gg of CH4, 19.60 ± 0.90Gg of CO, 196 ± 13Gg of CO2, 0.963 ± 0.047Gg of NOx, 5.26 ± 0.58Gg of PM10, and 0.72 ± 0.12Gg of SO2. For the evaluation of the consequences, we used the number of people exposed to PM10 emitted in one very big fire. Almost 6.5 million people were exposed to an additional 1-hour average concentration of PM10 higher than 10 μg/m3 and over 360 thousand were exposed to a concentration higher than 100 μg/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adam Krasuski
- The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54 Słowackiego Street, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
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Ferreira-Rodríguez N, Castro AJ, Tweedy BN, Quintas-Soriano C, Vaughn CC. Mercury consumption and human health: Linking pollution and social risk perception in the southeastern United States. J Environ Manage 2021; 282:111528. [PMID: 33172704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study of the relationships between freshwater organisms, pollution and public awareness has been little researched. The public's perception of risk from pollution is a fundamental component in determining consumer behavior and promoting healthy habits. For instance, understanding how consumers perceive the risks associated with pollution can help with adoption of safe behaviors to reduce the health hazard associated with pollutant exposure. This study focused on the southeastern United States, a region predicted to be exposed to high mercury stress by increasing mercury deposition and methylation. First, we placed our study region in the world map of regions more prone to suffer from increasing mercury stress in a climate change scenario. Second, mercury levels in fish tissues was quantified by direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Third, we explored human fish consumption habits and risk social perception, including willingness to adapt fish consumption based on two future hypothetical scenarios of mercury stress. From a global perspective, our analysis demonstrates that the southern US is one of five world areas of greatest conservation concern for mercury stress. In this region, the average mono-methyl mercury concentration in fish tissues exceeded the limits considered safe for human consumption. Even though many in the local population were aware of the health hazards associated with fish consumption, only women of reproductive age were willing to adopt safe consumption habits. Altogether, these results show how bringing together field data, social perceptions, and consumption habits can help in designing an adaptive strategy to confront mercury pollution. Although our results are for the United States, other world regions prone to suffer increasing mercury stress have been identified and should be the focus of future studies and prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Ferreira-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus As Lagoas - Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Castro
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Centro Andaluz para la Evaluación y Seguimiento del Cambio Global, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain; Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Avenue, Pocatello, ID, 83209, USA; Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 111 E Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Beth N Tweedy
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 111 E Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA; Bizzell Memorial Library, University of Oklahoma, 401 W. Brooks St, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Cristina Quintas-Soriano
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Centro Andaluz para la Evaluación y Seguimiento del Cambio Global, University of Almeria, 04120, Almería, Spain; Social-Ecological Interactions in Agricultural Systems Lab, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Steinstraße 19, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Caryn C Vaughn
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 111 E Chesapeake Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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Czaicki N, Bigaj J, Zielonka TM. Pneumococcal Vaccine in Adult Asthma Patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1289:55-62. [PMID: 32696445 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent source of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. Respiratory tract infections are the foremost reasons for asthma exacerbations. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention consider asthma a clear indication for pneumococcal vaccination. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which adult patients with asthma in Poland adhere to a schedule of recommended pneumococcal vaccinations. In addition, the study attempted to assess the source of the patient knowledge on vaccination and the plausible determents for vaccination. The study was conducted among patients at specialist outpatient clinics in the form of an anonymous survey that contained questions about asthma, vaccines, and the knowledge and motivations. A total of 214 patients (149 females and 65 males) of the mean age of 52 ± 17 years were interviewed. A staggering 93% of patients did not receive pneumococcal vaccination, and only 24% of patients were aware of the need for this vaccine. Age, gender, and education did not affect whether patients chose to receive the vaccine. The most often quoted reason for not receiving the vaccine was lack of information, followed by lack of faith in vaccine efficacy, and the fear of adverse effects. From the standpoint of health hazard stemming from prophylaxis avoidance, it appears paramount to educate asthmatic patients on the benefits of receiving pneumococcal vaccination.
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Palash MAU, Islam MS, Bayero AS, Taqui SN, Koki IB. Evaluation of trace metals concentration and human health implication by indigenous edible fish species consumption from Meghna River in Bangladesh. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103440. [PMID: 32585422 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the determination of trace metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd) concentrations of nine different indigenous fish species of Meghna River in Bangladesh to know the possible risk in human consumption. Fishes' wet muscles samples were analyzed to evaluate the level of trace metal concentrations. The concentrations (mg kg-1 w/w) of the six selected trace metals were in the order Zn (1.42 ± 0.12) > Cr (1.31 ± 0.08) > Cu (0.92 ± 0.09) > Pb (0.54 ± 0.07) > Cd (0.51 ± 0.07) > As (0.47 ± 0.02). The results revealed that all the selected trace metals were below the maximum permissible limits recommended by the reference standards. The fish species may pose no risk with respect to the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI). Target hazard quotient (THQ) values for Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in all the fish species were <1.0, except for As which is dominantly organic in fishes. Both adults and children are vulnerable to carcinogenic health threat due to Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Amin Ullah Palash
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Amina Salihi Bayero
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, PMB 3220, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Syed Noeman Taqui
- Department of Chemistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Isa Baba Koki
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, PMB 3220, Kano, Nigeria
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Lin XH, Li JP, Hu X. [Current situation and health harmful effects of microplastics in the environment]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:153-156. [PMID: 32306685 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging environmental pollutant, microplastics have attracted more and more attention for its influence on the ecological environment and human health. Due to its wide range of usage and production, difficult degradation and other characteristics, as well as the continuous and substantial increase in the use of plastic products, the number of plastic fragments in the environment continues to increase, which leads to the accumulation of microplastics in the environment and organisms, spread through the food chain, and ultimately poses a threat to human health. At the same time, in the plastic production, synthetic textile, and other industries, the incidence of workers related occupational diseases greatly increased. In this paper, the concept, classification, source, impact on biological and human health of microplastics are summarized, and propose solutions on the current situation of microplastics pollution in China, we hope this review could provide effective reference for further carry out risk assessment of microplastics pollution on human health and formulate legislation to control microplastics pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - J P Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - X Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
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Feliu A, Fu M, Russo M, Martinez C, Sureda X, López MJ, Cortés N, Fernández E. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in waterpipe cafés in Barcelona, Spain: An assessment of airborne nicotine and PM 2.5. Environ Res 2020; 184:109347. [PMID: 32179267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking has grown in popularity worldwide, with the prevalence of use increasing in Spain from 6.2% to 10.8% in the last decade, despite the smoking ban enacted in 2010 for all hospitality premises. OBJECTIVE To assess exposure to second-hand smoke from waterpipes based on the concentrations of airborne nicotine and particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in a sample of waterpipe cafés in the city of Barcelona (Spain). METHODS This cross-sectional study included a sample of 20 waterpipe cafés. Airborne nicotine and PM2.5 were sampled for 30 min in each venue using a nicotine sampling device connected by a tube to a pump and a TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitor. Five outdoor control locations were also measured. We computed medians, interquartile ranges (IQRs), and maximum values and compared them according to venues' and sampling characteristics using the Kruskall-Wallis and U-Mann Whitney tests. Nicotine and PM2.5 were correlated by calculating the Spearman-rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS The median concentration of nicotine and PM2.5 were 1.15 and 230.50 μg/m3 in waterpipe cafés and 0.03 and 10.00 μg/m3 in control locations (p<0.05 in both cases). The Spearman correlation coefficient between both markers was 0.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.84). No differences were found in nicotine or PM2.5 concentration according to the venues' and sampling characteristics studied, with the exception of area. After stratifying for area, venues >100 m2, located in a tourist area, with >15 lit waterpipes, >8 waterpipes/100 m2, and a ratio of 2 users per waterpipe or less had significantly higher nicotine concentration. DISCUSSION Despite the current smoking ban, which includes hospitality venues, we found nicotine and PM2.5 levels in Barcelona waterpipe cafés that exceeded the threshold recommended by the World Health Organization. This exposure poses serious risks to the health of both workers and customers and constitutes a non-compliance of the legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Feliu
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, l'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, l'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Russo
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, l'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, l'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, USA; Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Cortés
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, l'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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Mukherjee I, Singh UK, Singh RP, Kumari D, Jha PK, Mehta P. Characterization of heavy metal pollution in an anthropogenically and geologically influenced semi-arid region of east India and assessment of ecological and human health risks. Sci Total Environ 2020; 705:135801. [PMID: 31838424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the heavy metal contamination in groundwater and associated ecological and human health risks of a geologically and anthropogenically diverse semi-arid region of Birbhum district, India. For a reliable evaluation, concentrations of nine heavy metals in 680 groundwater samples (N = 680) which were collected during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons of consecutive two years from 170 wells were measured. The human health risk assessment using the USEPA model which is based on single value for each parameter may inherit certain inaccuracy and uncertainties in the evaluation. Unlike earlier studies, a higher degree of accuracy in carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk assessments was achieved through Monte Carlo simulations, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis. The study revealed the occurrence of the target heavy metals in groundwater with mean dominance order of Fe > Zn > Sr > Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd where mean concentrations of the carcinogens, Pb and Fe exceeded their maximum permissible limits. The water quality status evaluated using the modified heavy metal pollution index, Nemerow index and Heavy metal evaluation index methods resulted in medium to high heavy metal contamination in groundwater within a large portion of the study area which indicated its unsuitability for drinking purpose. The study suspects a moderate to very high risk for the groundwater dependent ecosystems in major part of the study area. The study further revealed cancer risks, ranging from high to very high within the residents due to accumulative exposure of the carcinogenic heavy metals in groundwater through ingestion and dermal contact. Minor populations of the study area were found to be more vulnerable to the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic diseases than teenagers and adults, mainly through oral exposure. The study recommends the residents to consume treated groundwater since the primary route of heavy metal exposure was identified to be the ingestion route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India; Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, Bihar, India.
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepa Kumari
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Allahabad, India
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, District Samba, 181143, J&K, India
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Nath A, Chakraborty D, Das S. Assessment of lead and cadmium in fifty-four Indian herbal medicine: tribal and marketed varieties. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:4127-4136. [PMID: 31828704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07091-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the toxic metal content in herbal medicines being used by Indian people. Trace elements, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), in fifty-four herbal medicines (marketed and tribal varieties) of India were estimated, and the potential health risks were characterized by estimating the tolerable daily intake (TDI) and the total hazard quotient (THQ) associated with their consumption. A total of 12% of the marketed varieties had Pb above WHO permissible limits of 10 mg Pb/kg. In tribal varieties, none of the samples exceeded this limit. In contrast, all the marketed varieties and 17% of the tribal varieties exceeded WHO limit of 0.3 mg Cd/kg. Consumption of ~ 0.01 kg of herbal medicine per day contributed almost 20-28% of TDI of Pb and Cd for marketed varieties and < 10% for tribal varieties. Although the consumption of the Indian herbal medicine, especially the tribal varieties, posed no immediate concern as the average THQ was less than 1, 24% of the marketed varieties had a higher metal burden and could pose threat on long-term use. Our findings advocate the use of tribal medicines for therapeutic purposes owing to a relatively lesser metal burden than the marketed varieties. However, for the marketed varieties, appropriate standardization in terms of effective quality control and consistency is needed to ensure the health of the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Nath
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Debika Chakraborty
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Suchismita Das
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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Amini Birami F, Moore F, Faghihi R, Keshavarzi B. Assessment of spring water quality and associated health risks in a high-level natural radiation area, North Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:6589-6602. [PMID: 31875291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the spring water quality of a high natural background radiation region in North Iran was evaluated by measuring hydrochemical characteristics and concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and activity concentration of radioactive elements. The carcinogenicity potential from exposure to PTEs and radioactive elements was also investigated using probabilistic approach. The hydrochemical properties of water samples revealed that there were two different water types in the study area: (1) non-thermal Ca-HCO3 type and (2) thermal Na-Cl type. The concentrations of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, Sb, Zn, and 40K were within the recommended water quality standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Elevated concentrations of As, Mn, Hg, 226Ra, and 232Th occur in Na-Cl water type while elevated concentrations of Fe occur in Ca-HCO3 water type. Also, health complications of dermal contact (via balneology or bathing) are within the safe limits. The major concern regarding the contaminated springs is the possibility of soil and groundwater contamination through uncontrolled runoff and spa effluents. Preventing the spread of toxic constituents in the study area via high-risk spring water requires periodic monitoring, and applying control measures where necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Amini Birami
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Faghihi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Sharma S, Nagpal AK, Kaur I. Appraisal of heavy metal contents in groundwater and associated health hazards posed to human population of Ropar wetland, Punjab, India and its environs. Chemosphere 2019; 227:179-190. [PMID: 30986600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are well recognised for their toxicity and pose human health risks even at very low levels. In the present work, groundwater from Ropar wetland, Punjab, India and its environs (18 sites), were analysed for physico-chemical parameters, water quality indices, heavy metal contents (cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead and zinc) and possible health risks posed to adults and children during summer and winter seasons. Groundwater was slightly-alkaline, non-saline and hard which may be suitable for irrigation purposes. Among 18 samples, 7 and 9 samples in summer; 8 and 18 samples in winter exceeded BIS acceptable limits (mg L-1) of 0.003 and 0.05 for cadmium and chromium, respectively. Mean non-cancer hazard quotients for cobalt (5.09-7.63) were >1. Mean hazard indices for cumulative risks posed by all heavy metals (6.00-10.11) were also >1. These results indicated higher risk of non-cancerous health problems in residents of the study area. Chromium was found to pose significant possible cancer risk (1.20-2.99 cases/1000 persons). Children were more prone to health problems than adults due to their lower body weight with greater risk in winters, which may be attributed to higher contamination of heavy metals in groundwater after leaching during monsoons. The results of water quality analysis and risk assessment indicated that the groundwater suffered from significant contamination and if used for long-term without pre-treatment, may pose serious health risks to human population via drinking water and irrigation of agricultural fields due to bioconcentration of heavy metals in food crops cultivated in those fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar143005, Punjab, India.
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Kumari D, John S. Health risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from farms and markets of Western Indian Himalayan region. Chemosphere 2019; 224:162-167. [PMID: 30822723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has become a very common practice in developing countries like India. Consequently, the increased concentration of residues of these hazardous pesticides in fruits and vegetables is manifested. The study aimed to assess the health hazards associated with the presence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sampled from farms and markets of Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh (India). Residues of predominant pesticides used in the region, belonging to the group of organophosphates, pyrethroid and phthalimide, were analysed using gas chromatograph quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The pesticide extraction from the matrix was done following the modified QuEChERS method. Results indicated varying concentrations of pesticide residue in market and farm samples with farm samples more contaminated than market samples. Chronic health hazards prediction indicated that organophosphorus groups (methyl parathion and triazophos) posed health risk to children in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumari
- Civil Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India
| | - S John
- Civil Engineering Department, Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India.
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