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Sharma P, Dilip TR, Kulkarni A, Mishra US, Shejul Y. Risk of diabetes and expected years in life without diabetes among adults from an urban community in India: findings from a retrospective cohort. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1048. [PMID: 38622601 PMCID: PMC11020643 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes prevalence has increased over the past few decades, and the shift of the burden of diabetes from the older population to the younger population has increased the exposure of longer durations in a morbid state. The study aimed at ascertaining the likelihood of progression to diabetes and to estimate the onset of diabetes within the urban community of Mumbai. METHODS This study utilized an observational retrospective non-diabetic cohort comprising 1629 individuals enrolled in a health security scheme. Ten years of data were extracted from electronic medical records, and the life table approach was employed to assess the probability of advancing to diabetes and estimate the expected number of years lived without a diabetes diagnosis. RESULTS The study revealed a 42% overall probability of diabetes progression, with age and gender variations. Males (44%) show higher probabilities than females (40%) of developing diabetes. Diabetes likelihood rises with age, peaking in males aged 55-59 and females aged 65-69. Males aged 30-34 exhibit a faster progression (10.6 years to diagnosis) compared to females (12.3 years). CONCLUSION The study's outcomes have significant implications for the importance of early diabetes detection. Progression patterns suggest that younger cohorts exhibit a comparatively slower rate of progression compared to older cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Sharma
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - T R Dilip
- Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Anjali Kulkarni
- Medical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Udaya Shankar Mishra
- Department of Bio-statistics and Epidemiology, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Yogesh Shejul
- Medical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, 400088, India
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Hernandez-Suarez C, Rabinovich J. Exact confidence intervals for population growth rate, longevity and generation time. Theor Popul Biol 2024; 155:1-9. [PMID: 38000513 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
By quantifying key life history parameters in populations, such as growth rate, longevity, and generation time, researchers and administrators can obtain valuable insights into its dynamics. Although point estimates of demographic parameters have been available since the inception of demography as a scientific discipline, the construction of confidence intervals has typically relied on approximations through series expansions or computationally intensive techniques. This study introduces the first mathematical expression for calculating confidence intervals for the aforementioned life history traits when individuals are unidentifiable and data are presented as a life table. The key finding is the accurate estimation of the confidence interval for r, the instantaneous growth rate, which is tested using Monte Carlo simulations with four arbitrary discrete distributions. In comparison to the bootstrap method, the proposed interval construction method proves more efficient, particularly for experiments with a total offspring size below 400. We discuss handling cases where data are organized in extended life tables or as a matrix of vital rates. We have developed and provided accompanying code to facilitate these computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernandez-Suarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad Francisco Gavidia, San Salvador, El Salvador.
| | - Jorge Rabinovich
- Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE, CCT La Plata, CONICET- UNLP) La Plata, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Matos MC, Silva FWB, Filgueiras RMC, Lima DB, Melo JWS. Compatibility of pesticides with the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri. Exp Appl Acarol 2024; 92:27-39. [PMID: 37985607 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple arthropod pests can affect the same crop in agricultural systems, requiring the integration of control methods. In the present study, the effects of residual exposure to four broad-spectrum insecticides/acaricides (azadiractin, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and fenpyroximate) on immature (development and survival time) and adult females (longevity, fecundity, and fertility life table parameters) of the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri were evaluated. Additionally, the insecticides/acaricides were categorized according to their selectivity based on the classification proposed by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) for assessing the susceptibility of arthropods in laboratory experiments. Method 004, proposed by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC), was adopted for the bioassays with predators exposed to insecticide-acaricide residues. Among the insecticides/acaricides studied, azadirachtin had minimal effects on immature and adult N. barkeri (all non-significant) and was considered harmless based on the classification of toxicity according to the standards/categories proposed by the IOBC. All other insecticides/acaricides affected immature and adult N. barkeri and were considered slightly harmful in terms of toxicity, according to the IOBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus C Matos
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | - Francisco W B Silva
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | - Rosenya M C Filgueiras
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | - Debora B Lima
- Departamento de Zoologia - Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Jose W S Melo
- Departamento de Zoologia - Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
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Zhu R, Guo JJ, Yi TC, Hou F, Jin DC. Potential of a winterschmidtiid prey mite for the production of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 91:571-584. [PMID: 37907795 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass rearing of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) using natural (prey) methods is costly and laborious, limiting its application in the biological control of pests. A high-production, low-cost method using a prey substitute would help to relieve this problem. Oulenziella bakeri Hughes (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) could be an alternative prey source, but studies on the reproductive parameters of N. californicus under rearing conditions are lacking. This study evaluated the potential of O. bakeri as an alternative prey in N. californicus rearing by comparing developmental parameters among N. californicus reared on three diets based on an age-stage two-sex life table. We found that the preoviposition period and developmental time of N. californicus did not vary based on diet. The fecundity of N. californicus adults reared on O. bakeri was 29.8 eggs per female, which was lower than that of adults reared on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) (42.9 eggs per female); there was no significant difference between O. bakeri and apple pollen (30.2 eggs per female). The oviposition rate of mites fed on O. bakeri was 69% of that fed on T. urticae. Neoseiulus californicus reared on O. bakeri and apple pollen showed the same intrinsic rate of increase (0.25 per day), which was 86% of the rate of those fed on T. urticae. Compared with predatory mites reared on natural prey, N. californicus reared on O. bakeri had a high survival rate and good oviposition and population growth parameters, suggesting that O. bakeri is suitable for the rearing of N. californicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Medical Resourceful Healthcare Products, Guiyang Healthcare Vocational University, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yi
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fei Hou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Institute of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Shahtousi S, Talaee L. The effect of spermine on Tetranychus urticae-Cucumis sativus interaction. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:575. [PMID: 37978429 PMCID: PMC10655325 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important plant pests in the world. Due to increased resistance of mites to acaricides, it is necessary to use other methods such as inducing resistance in plants by natural compounds for pests' management. Polyamins such as spermine are effective in increasing plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. In this research, the effect of spermine treatments in cucumber plants on life table parameters of T. urticae was investigated. Also, top-down effect of spermine and T. urticae on cucumber biochemical parameters was measured. In the experiments, 1, 2 and 3 mM spermine concentrations were used. RESULTS Amongst the spermine treatments, those mites that fed on cucumbers which received 1 mM spermine showed the shortest protonymphal period and higher ovipositon period, fecundity, gross and net reproductive rates and life expectancy compare to control. Treatment with 2 mM spermine lead to the longest teleochrysalis period and shortest range of age-stage-specific fecundity period. In addition, 2 mM spermine lowered intrinsic and finite rate of population increase in T. urticae. The longest larval period of T. urticae was observed in 3 mM spermine. Feeding of T. urticae from cucumber plants increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, electrolyte leakage (EL) level and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity but inhibited catalase (CAT) activity in this plant. Infested cucumber plants treated with 2 mM spermine showed lower H2O2 and MDA content and highest activity of APX and CAT on day 1 and 3 compare to the others. The 3 mM spermine increased H2O2 content in infested plants during the whole experiment as well as non-infested plants in day 5 and 9 only. This treatment induced the highest MDA content and lowest catalase activity on day1, 3 and 5 of experiment in infested plants. CONCLUSION This study showed that 2 mM spermine was the only effective concentration that reduce cucumber sensitivity to T. urticae. The trend of changes in biochemical parameters, especially H2O2, in 3 mM spermine was abnormal, and this concentration could be considered toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Shahtousi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ladan Talaee
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
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Zou Z, Yang Y, Chen Y, Sun W, Xi J, Zhu P, Min Q, Wang J, Wan B, Xin T, Ruan L, Xia B. Chronic lead exposure prolongs the immature stages of brown-legged grain mite, Aleuroglyphus ovatus, in a long-term population study. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122339. [PMID: 37562531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect of environmental pollution, lead contamination is a widespread problem in several ecosystems. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of low concentration lead stress on the development and reproduction of Aleuroglyphus ovatus. They were fed with artificial diet containing four different concentrations of lead (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). The results showed that there were both accelerating effect of lead (at low concentrations), as well as retarding effects (at high concentrations) on the development of the mite, and lead stress significantly prolonged the immature stages of A. ovatus and this inhibitory effect was greater with greater lead concentrations. The immature stages in the L group were shorter than those in the S group. In the S and L groups, the oviposition periods were significantly longer in the treatments with lower lead concentrations than in the control, while they were significantly shorter in those treatments of higher lead concentrations. Age-specific survival rate (lx) started to decline earlier in the S group, whereas there were no differences between the L group and CK. Age-specific fecundity rate (mx) peaked earlier in the S group than in CK, while mx peaked later in L1 and L2 than in CK. The rm value and net reproduction rate (R0) of treated A. ovatus decreased with increasing lead concentrations. Lower lead concentrations could promote population expansion while higher concentrations could inhibit population size. These results confirmed the developmental effect of lead stress on A. ovatus, highlighting that heavy metal contamination has negative effects on organisms in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zou
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yuanfa Yang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wenxuan Sun
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jianfei Xi
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qiang Min
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bin Wan
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tianrong Xin
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Luzhang Ruan
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Mauck CK, Dart C, Thurman A, Creinin MD. Contraceptive efficacy should primarily be measured using life table pregnancy rates. Contraception 2023; 127:110140. [PMID: 37562637 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2023.110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clint Dart
- Premier Research, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | | | - Mitchell D Creinin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Harris RA, Mandell DS. Fatal drug overdose among middle-aged Black men: A life table analysis. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107743. [PMID: 37137170 PMCID: PMC10330327 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For Black men of middle-age, the overdose mortality statistics are increasingly dire. To better understand the severity of the crisis, we estimated the cumulative risk of drug overdose deaths among non-Hispanic Black men in mid-life using a period life table approach. We report the chances of Black men aged 45 years dying of a drug overdose before age 60. METHODS A period life table reflects what would happen to a hypothetical cohort if it experienced the prevailing age-specific probabilities of death. In our hypothetical cohort, we followed 100,000 non-Hispanic Black men aged 45 years for 15 years. All-cause death probabilities were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) 2021 life table series. Overdose mortality rates were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System through the Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC WONDER) database. We also constructed a period life table for a comparison group of White men. RESULTS The life table shows that, for Black men who are 45 years of age in the United States, 1 in 52 (nearly 2%) is expected to die of drug overdose before reaching age 60, if current mortality rates persist. For White men, the estimate is 1 in 91 men (about 1%). The life table also shows that from age 45 to 59 years, the number of overdose deaths increased in the cohort of Black men but decreased in White men. CONCLUSIONS This study extends our understanding of the immense loss to Black communities from the preventable drug deaths of Black men in middle-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Arden Harris
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - David S Mandell
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Munira MS, Okada Y, Nishiura H. Life-expectancy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019-2021: estimates from Japan, a country with low pandemic impact. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15784. [PMID: 37601263 PMCID: PMC10439719 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a low impact on Japan in 2020, but the size of the epidemic increased considerably there in 2021. This study made a statistical analysis of life expectancy changes up to the end of 2021 in Japan. Objective We aimed to estimate changes in life expectancy from 2019 to 2021 associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we decomposed the life expectancy changes from 2020-2021 into age-specific and cause of death-specific contributions. Methods We used the absolute number of deaths by age and prefecture in Japan to calculate life expectancy from 2019-21 at both national and prefectural levels, and also examined the correlation between life expectancy gap and annual number of COVID-19 cases, total person-days spent in intensive care, and documented deaths due to COVID-19. We used the Arriaga decomposition method to decompose national life expectancy changes from 2020 to 2021 into age and cause of death components. Results From 2019-2020, Japan's national level life expectancy across the entire population was extended by 0.24 years. From 2020-2021, it shortened by 0.15 years. The life expectancy shortened more among women (0.15 years) than men (0.12 years). There was significant heterogeneity in life expectancy changes from 2020-2021 by prefecture. It ranged from the maximum shortening of 0.57 years in Tottori prefecture to the maximum extension of 0.23 years in Fukui. The regression analysis revealed the negative correlation between the life expectancy change and burden of COVID-19 at prefectural level. The decomposition of life expectancy changes at birth from 2020-2021 showed that losses in life expectancy were largely attributable to the mortality of the population over 70 years old. Changes in life expectancy among infants and working-age adults mostly contributed to lengthening overall life expectancy. Among leading major causes of death, deaths due to neoplastic tumor and cardiovascular diseases contributed to shortening life expectancy, whereas respiratory diseases did not. Conclusion The decades-long increasing trend in life expectancy was suspended by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, life expectancy changes from 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 were small in Japan. This may be attributable to the small epidemiological impact of COVID-19 during this time period, but nonetheless, the negative impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy was indicated in the present study. The chance of death accelerated in older people in 2021, but a smaller number of deaths than usual among infants and working age adults contributed to extended life expectancy, and the change in the cause of death structure under the COVID-19 pandemic also significantly contributed to shortening life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuta Okada
- School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang L, Zhai Y, Zhu J, Wang Q, Ji X, Wang W, Yuan H, Rui C, Cui L. Sulfoxaflor adversely influences the biological characteristics of Coccinella septempunctata by suppressing vitellogenin expression and predation activity. J Hazard Mater 2023; 447:130787. [PMID: 36669402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoxaflor is a widely used sulfoximine insecticide that has been regarded as an important alternative insecticide for IPM strategies, but a comprehensive study of its potential ecological toxicity is still lacking. In the present work, the growth, longevity, predation and reproduction toxicity of Coccinella septempunctata caused by sulfoxaflor were evaluated. In addition, the potential mechanisms of decreased fecundity in C. septempunctata were investigated by analyzing the transcriptional and protein levels of reproduction-related gene vitellogenin (Vg). In a 20-day acute contact toxicity test, decreased survival proportion, pupation rate, adult emergence ratio, and increased hazard quotient (HQ) values were observed. Moreover, sublethal dosages of sulfoxaflor significantly inhibited the predation, longevity, fecundity and net reproduction rate of progeny. In addition, LR30 of sulfoxaflor dramatically down-regulate the mRNA-expression (F0: 65.38-fold, F1: 2.24-fold) and protein content (F0: 1.35-fold, F1: 1.36-fold) of Vg in the F0 and F1 generations. These results suggested that sulfoxaflor could inhibit the gene and protein content of Vg, thereby reducing the fecundity of C. septempunctata. Our study indicated that sulfoxaflor has potential risks to parent and progeny generations of C. septempunctata. These results provide valuable reference for optimal usage of sulfoxaflor in IPM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanhui Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junshu Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejiao Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Huizhu Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Changhui Rui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Cui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Würnschimmel C, Nocera L, Wenzel M, Ruvolo CC, Tian Z, Saad F, Briganti A, Shariat SF, Mirone V, Chun FKH, Tilki D, Graefen M, Karakiewicz PI. Race/Ethnicity may be an Important Predictor of Life Expectancy in Localized Prostate Cancer Patients: Novel Analyses Using Social Security Administration Life Tables. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:708-17. [PMID: 35182370 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the effect of race/ethnicity on Social Security Administration (SSA) life tables' life expectancy (LE) predictions in localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with either radical prostatectomy (RP) or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). We hypothesized that LE will be affected by race/ethnicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS We relied on the 2004-2006 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify D'Amico intermediate- and high-risk PCa patients treated with either RP or EBRT. SSA life tables were used to compute 10-year LE predictions and were compared to OS. Stratification was performed according to treatment type (RP/EBRT) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian). RESULTS Of 55,383 assessable patients, 40,490 were non-Hispanic White (RP 49.3% vs. EBRT 50.7%), 7194 non-Hispanic Black (RP 41.3% vs. EBRT 50.7%), 4716 Hispanic/Latino (RP 51.0% vs. EBRT 49.0%) and 2983 were Asian (RP 41.6% vs. EBRT 58.4%). In both RP and EBRT patients, OS exceeded life tables' LE predictions, except for non-Hispanic Blacks. However, in RP patients, the magnitude of the difference was greater than in EBRT. Moreover, in RP patients, OS of non-Hispanic Blacks virtually perfectly followed predicted LE. Conversely, in EBRT patients, the OS of non-Hispanic Black patients was worse than predicted LE. CONCLUSIONS When comparing SEER-derived observed OS with SSA life table-derived predicted life expectancy, we recorded a survival disadvantage in non-Hispanic Black RP and EBRT patients, which was not the case in the three other races/ethnicities (non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic/Latinos, and Asians). This discrepancy should ideally be confirmed within different registries, countries, and tumor entities. Furthermore, the source of these discrepant survival outcomes should be investigated and addressed by health care politics.
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Tanaka R, Sugiyama H, Saika K, Matsuzaka M, Sasaki Y. Difference in net survival using regional and national life tables in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 81:102269. [PMID: 36182832 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National life table is commonly used for estimating cancer net survival. However, the national life table does not reflect condition of people in local area accurately, because there are disparities in cancer mortality rates among the local area in many cases. We investigated magnitude of difference in cancer net survival using the local area in Japan and Japanese life tables. METHODS We analyzed data from 32,942 cancer patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2012 in Aomori prefecture, Japan. Expected survival rates in Aomori (ESA) and Japan (ESJ) were estimated based on the life table of each area. Five-year net survival rates using ESA and the ESJ were estimated using the Pohar-Perme method. RESULTS The difference between net survival rates using the ESA (NSA) and the ESJ (NSJ) were larger than in men (0.3-3.0%) than in women (0.1-0.8%). The largest difference in the net survival rate was observed in prostate cancer patients, because the difference in the expected survival in oldest old men was remarkable. CONCLUSION Two factors affected the difference in the net survival rates resulting from the sensitivity analysis. The difference was larger (1) among older patients or (2) with a longer observation period (person-years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Tanaka
- Department of Medical Informatics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Japan
| | - Kumiko Saika
- Department of Medical Informatics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Cente, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsuzaka
- Clinical Research Support Center, Hirosaki University Hospital, Japan; Department of Medical Informatics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Medical Informatics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Informatics, Hirosaki University Hospital, Japan
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13
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Novianto D, Hadi UK, Soviana S, Darusman HS. Comparison of diurnal biting activity, life table, and demographic attributes of Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) from different urbanized settings in West Java, Indonesia. Acta Trop 2022; 241:106771. [PMID: 36414048 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus has well-adaptive behavior to environmental changes, including human urbanization, and has an essential role as the main vector of important pathogenic arboviruses. This study aims to analyze the biology and life table of the Ae. albopictus populations collected from urban and peri-urban areas of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia under laboratory conditions. Mosquito eggs collection was carried out in urban and peri-urban areas using ovitraps. The observation of the life table experiment that followed the development of Ae. albopictus started from the emergence of the first individual to the last surviving individual. Several biological parameters comparing Ae. albopictus from two collection sites based on life table analysis were shown to be significantly different. Biting activity of all mosquitoes from urban and peri-urban areas showed a clear bimodal activity with morning peak at 09:00-10.00 and evening peak at 16:00-17:00. Ae. albopictus from the urban area have higher fecundity, considerably longer lifespan, more gonotrophic cycles, and a higher net reproduction rate (R0) than Ae. albopictus from the peri-urban area. These findings will provide valuable information about the well-adapted Ae. albopictus in urban areas and assist in providing basic reproductive data to improve vector control and current surveillance strategies especially in the study area.
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Fouad EA, El-Sherif SAN, Mokbel ESMS. Flupyradifurone induces transgenerational hormesis effects in the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora. Ecotoxicology 2022; 31:909-918. [PMID: 35616792 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition, insecticide-induced hormesis, a biphasic phenomenon, can contribute to pest resurgence. The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Homoptera: Aphididae), is a vital insect that infests legume crops. Its hormesis of flupyradifurone has not been previously established. Age-stage two-sex life analysis is used to investigate the sublethal and transgenerational effects of flupyradifurone on two successive generations of A. craccivora. A leaf-dip bioassay method revealed high toxicity of flupyradifurone against A. craccivora, with lethal concentration 50% value (LC50) of 1.82 mg L-1 after 48 h exposure. Treatment of parent generation (F0) with LC10 and LC25 of flupyradifurone significantly increased the longevity and fecundity of the directly exposed adults. The results of transgenerational effects showed that the treatment of (F0) with LC25 induced significant hormetic effects in progeny generation (F1). Furthermore, flupyradifurone at LC25 significantly enhanced the biological traits, such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) compared with the control. Similarly, both LC10 and LC25 induced a significant increase in the mean generation time T (d). Conversely, both treatments caused a significant decrease in the doubling time (DT). Data in the present study demonstrate that the exposure of (F0) to flupyradifurone at LC10 and LC25 enhanced longevity and fecundity in the directly exposed adults of A. craccivora, and induced transgenerational hormesis across the subsequent (F1) generation. These results should be taken into consideration when using flupyradifurone for controlling cowpea aphid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Fouad
- Department of Bioassay, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherifa A N El-Sherif
- Department of Bioassay, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M S Mokbel
- Department of Standard Rearing, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
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15
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Fazeli-Dinan M, Azarnoosh M, Özgökçe MS, Chi H, Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Haghi FM, Zazouli MA, Nikookar SH, Dehbandi R, Enayati A, Zaim M, Hemingway J. Global water quality changes posing threat of increasing infectious diseases, a case study on malaria vector Anopheles stephensi coping with the water pollutants using age-stage, two-sex life table method. Malar J 2022; 21:178. [PMID: 35676692 PMCID: PMC9178840 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Water pollution due to uncontrolled release of chemical pollutants is an important global problem. Its effect on medically important insects, especially mosquitoes, is a critical issue in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In order to understand the effect of water pollutants on the demography of Anopheles stephensi, colonies were reared in clean, moderately and highly polluted water for three consecutive generations at 27 °C, 75% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L:D). The demographic data of the 4th generation of An. stephensi were collected and analysed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), mean fecundity (F) and net reproductive rate (R0) of An. stephensi in clean water were 0.2568 d−1, 1.2927 d−1, 251.72 eggs, and 109.08 offspring, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained in moderately polluted water (r = 0.2302 d−1, λ = 1.2589 d−1, 196.04 eggs, and R0 = 65.35 offspring) and highly polluted water (r = 0.2282 d−1, λ = 1.2564 d−1, 182.45 eggs, and R0 = 62.03 offspring). Female adult longevity in moderately polluted (9.38 days) and highly polluted water (9.88 days) were significantly shorter than those reared in clean water (12.43 days), while no significant difference in the male adult longevity was observed among treatments. Conclusions The results of this study showed that An. stephensi can partially adapt to water pollution and this may be sufficient to extend the range of mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mostafa Azarnoosh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehmet Salih Özgökçe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Hsin Chi
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Nasibeh Hosseini-Vasoukolaei
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzad Motevalli Haghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Nikookar
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Dehbandi
- Environment Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmadali Enayati
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Morteza Zaim
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Janet Hemingway
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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16
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Chierigo F, Borghesi M, Würnschimmel C, Flammia RS, Horlemann B, Sorce G, Hoeh B, Tian Z, Saad F, Graefen M, Gallucci M, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Chun FKH, Shariat SF, Mantica G, Suardi N, Terrone C, Karakiewicz PI. Life expectancy in metastatic urothelial bladder cancer patients according to race/ethnicity. Int Urol Nephrol 2022. [PMID: 35508792 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to compare observed overall survival vs age-adjusted lifetable (LT) derived life expectancy (LE) in metastatic urothelial bladder cancer (MBCa) patients according to race/ethnicity. METHODS We identified Caucasian, African American, Hispanic/Latino and Asian metastatic urothelial bladder cancer patients from 2004 to 2011 within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Social Security Administration tables were used to compute 5 year LE. LT-derived LE was compared to observed overall survival OS. Additionally, we relied on Poisson regression plots to display cancer-specific mortality (CSM) relative to other-cause mortality (OCM) for each race/ethnicity. RESULTS Overall, 2286 MBCa patients were identified. Of those, 1800 (79%) were Caucasian vs 212 (9.3%) African American vs 189 (8.3%) Hispanic/Latino vs 85 (3.7%) Asians. The median age at diagnosis was 71 years for Asians vs 70 for Caucasians vs 67 for Hispanic/Latinos vs 67 for African Americans. African Americans showed the biggest difference between observed OS and LT-predicted LE at five years (- 83.8%), followed by Hispanic/Latinos (- 81%), Caucasians (- 77%) and Asian patients (- 69%). In Poisson regression plots, Hispanic/Latinos displayed the highest cancer-specific mortality rate (88%), while African/Americans showed the highest other cause mortality rate (12%). Conversely, Asian patients displayed the lowest CSM rate (83%) and second lowest OCM rate (7%). CONCLUSIONS African Americans showed the least favorable survival profile in MBCa, despite being youngest at diagnosis. Contrarily, Asians displayed the best survival profile in MBCa, despite being oldest at diagnosis.
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17
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Baek Y, Owen AJ, Fisher J, Tran T, Ademi Z. Lifetime impact of being underweight or overweight/obese during childhood in Vietnam. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:645. [PMID: 35379208 PMCID: PMC8981956 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence about lifetime burden of child malnutrition. This study aimed to estimate the lifetime impact of being underweight or overweight/obese during childhood in Vietnam. METHODS We developed a life table model in combination with a Markov model for Vietnamese children aged 5-19 years and simulated until they reached 75 years of age or died using published data. The starting year was 2019 and the model estimated number of deaths, years of life lived and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) with an annual discount rate of 3%. We performed scenario, one-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of uncertainties in input parameters. RESULTS The model estimated 9.68 million deaths (6.44 million men and 3.24 million women), 622 million years of life lived (317 million men and 305 million women), and 601 million QALYs (308 million men and 293 million women). Scenario analyses showed that the reduction in either underweight or overweight/obesity alone, and reduction in both underweight and overweight/obesity resulted in fewer deaths, more years of life lived and more QALYs gained. In the scenario where everyone was a healthy weight, the model estimated 577,267 fewer deaths (6.0% less), 2 million more years of life lived (0.3% more), and 3 million QALYs gained (0.6% more) over base-case results which represents current situation in Vietnam. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that addressing underweight and overweight/obesity will contribute to reducing deaths and increasing years of life lived and QALYs. Policies and interventions in alignment with Sustainable Development Goals to address underweight and overweight/obesity are necessary to achieve health for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Baek
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Alice J. Owen
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Research and Training Centre for Community Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Present Address: School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Alexander M, Root L. Competing Effects on the Average Age of Infant Death. Demography 2022; 59:587-605. [PMID: 35244673 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9779784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, the relationship between the average length of life for those who die in the first year of life-the life table quantity a10-and the level of infant mortality, on which its calculation is often based, has broken down. The very low levels of infant mortality in the developed world correspond to a range of a10 quantities. We illustrate the competing effect of falling mortality and reduction in preterm births on a10 through two populations with very different levels of premature birth-infants born to non-Hispanic White mothers and infants born to non-Hispanic Black mothers in the United States-using linked birth and infant death cohort data. Through simulation, we further demonstrate that falling mortality reduces a10, while a reduction in premature births increases it. We use these observations to motivate the formulation of a new approximation formula for a10 in low-mortality contexts, which aims to incorporate differences in preterm birth through a proxy measure-the ratio of infant to under-five mortality. Models are built and tested using data from the Human Mortality Database. Model results and validation show that the newly proposed model outperforms existing alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Alexander
- Departments of Statistical Sciences and Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Root
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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19
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Ferenci T. The Author Replies. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:217-219. [PMID: 35244841 PMCID: PMC8894833 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Ferenci
- Óbudai Egyetem: Obudai Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Statistics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
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20
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Janssen A, Fonseca MM, Marcossi I, Kalile MO, Cardoso AC, Walerius AH, Hanel A, Marques V, Ferla JJ, Farias V, Carbajal PAF, Pallini A, Nachman G. Estimating intrinsic growth rates of arthropods from partial life tables using predatory mites as examples. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 86:327-342. [PMID: 35286552 PMCID: PMC8967767 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic rate of natural increase of a population (rm) has been in focus as a key parameter in entomology and acarology. It is considered especially important in studies of predators that are potential biological control agents of fast-growing pests such as mites, whiteflies and thrips. Life-table experiments under controlled laboratory conditions are standard procedures to estimate rm. However, such experiments are often time consuming and may critically depend on the precise assessment of the developmental time and the fecundity rate early in the reproductive phase. Using selected studies of predatory mites with suitable life-table data, we investigated whether and how measurements of growth rates can be simplified. We propose a new method for estimating rm from partial life tables, in which the researcher can choose a level of precision based on a stand-in measure of relative error. Based on this choice, the procedure helps the researcher to decide when a life-table experiment can be terminated. Depending on the chosen precision, significant amounts of experimental time can be saved without seriously compromising the reliability of the estimated growth parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Janssen
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Italo Marcossi
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | - Andre Costa Cardoso
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | - Aldo Hanel
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Vinicius Marques
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Júlia Jantsch Ferla
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Vanessa Farias
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Paola A. F. Carbajal
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Angelo Pallini
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Gösta Nachman
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Shang S, Chang Y, Li WZ, Chang-Qing W, Peng-Cheng N. Effects of B-azolemiteacrylic on life-history traits and demographic parameters of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 86:61-71. [PMID: 34783937 PMCID: PMC8702512 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate sublethal effects of B-azolemiteacrylic on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Female adults of T. urticae were exposed to LC10 and LC30 of the acaricide, and the effects on treated females and their offspring were evaluated. The results showed that the fecundity of F0 female adults treated with LC10 and LC30 of B-azolemiteacrylic was reduced by 30.9 and 39.2%, respectively. Longevity and oviposition period of the females were significantly reduced as well. The developmental duration of egg and deutonymph stage of the F1 generation were not significantly different from that of the control. The protonymph stage after LC30 treatment lasted significantly longer, whereas the larva, deutonymph and female stage were significantly shorter than the control. The oviposition period of the F1 generation was significantly shortened, the fecundity of each female decreased significantly, and the ratio of female-to-male was reduced too. Moreover, the average generation period of T. urticae after LC10 and LC30 treatments was shorter than that of the control, and the net production rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were all reduced by 33.3, 7.5 and 1.9% (LC10 treatment) and by 51.3, 14.8 and 3.6% (LC30 treatment), respectively. The population doubling time was prolonged by 7.5 and 14.8% after LC10 and LC30 treatments, respectively, compared with the control. These results indicate that B-azolemiteacrylic may effectively inhibit the development rate of the F0 and F1 populations of T. urticae, which will help design integrated strategies for the comprehensive control of T. urticae and rational use of pesticides in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Shang
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yun Chang
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Li
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Wang Chang-Qing
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Nie Peng-Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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22
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Liu X, Fu Z, Zhu Y, Gao X, Liu TX, Liang P. Sublethal and transgenerational effects of afidopyropen on biological traits of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sluzer). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 180:104981. [PMID: 34955174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest and causes great damages each year. Afidopyropen is a novel insecticide with high efficacy against even the insecticides resistant M. persicae. However, the sublethal and transgenerational effects of afidopyropen on M. persicae is not clear. In the present paper, sublethal and transgenerational effects of afidopyropen on biological traits of M. persicae were determined based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The afidopyropen was more toxic against M. persicae than other widely used insecticides, with LC50 of 0.086 mg/L. The treatment with LC5, LC15 and LC25 concentrations of afidopyropen remarkably reduced the longevity and fecundity of F0M. persicae by 15.9-64.4% and 24.3-76.7%, respectively, compared with those of the control. The life history traits of F1 generation including the pre-adult development time, mean total longevity, pre-adult survival rate, total pre-oviposition period and fecundity were significantly affected after treatment of the F0 with afidopyropen, and the population parameters, including the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were also remarkably decreased, while the mean generation time (T) was extended by 6.94%. Among four development and reproduction related genes investigated, JHEH was downregulated by 31.8-38.0% in the afidopyropen treated F0 generation, while the EcR and JHAMT were overexpressed and the Vg was significantly downregulated in F1 generation compared to the control group. All these data indicated that the afidopyropen had significant sublethal and transgenerational effects on M. persicae. These results provide insights into comprehensively understanding of the insecticidal effects of afidopyropen on M. persicae as well as the management of resistant M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhixiao Fu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Fernandes FO, de Souza TD, Sanches AC, Dias NP, Desiderio JA, Polanczyk RA. Sub-lethal effects of a Bt-based bioinsecticide on the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:2071-2082. [PMID: 34549369 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner, 1915 are widely used to control lepidopteran in several crops. However, surviving insects exposed to the sub-lethal concentration of Bt-based bioinsecticides can suffer a multitude of effects on the biological conditioning known as hormesis. Here, we aimed to provide a clearer understanding of the biological conditioning of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818), exposed to different concentrations of a Bt-based bioinsecticide, by assessing life table parameters over three generations. We defined five sub-lethal concentrations (LC5, LC10, LC15, LC20, and LC25) from the response curve estimate of A. gemmatalis. Deionized water was used as a control. We assessed the parameters of eggs-viability and the duration of the stages, incubation, larval, pre-pupal, pupal, adult, pre-oviposition and total biological cycle. Data were used to construct the fertility life table using the two-sex program. The survival curves showed greater variation in the proportion of individuals at each development stage using the LC25. The sub-lethal concentrations did not influence the incubation-eggs period, pre-pupal and pupal. However, the larval and adult stages using LC25 and LC10 were the most affected. Changes in sex ratio were observed using LC20 and LC5. The toxic effect of Bt-based bioinsecticide interfered mainly in the parameters of fertility, sex ratio, net reproduction rate (R0), and gross reproduction rate (GRR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamires Doroteo de Souza
- Department of Plant Protection, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Costas Sanches
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Naymã Pinto Dias
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Janete Apparecida Desiderio
- Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk
- Department of Plant Protection, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Cao Y, Wang L, Yang S, Chen Q, Wang J, Wang C, Li C. Population Performance of Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Different Vegetable Host Plants. Neotrop Entomol 2021; 50:923-928. [PMID: 34586610 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) is a flower-inhabiting thrips with a wide range of host plants, but little is known regarding its biological and ecological characteristics on vegetable hosts. Here, we evaluated the development, survival, and oviposition of T. hawaiiensis on five vegetable species (Capsicum annuum, Solanum melongena, Cucurbita moschata, Lablab purpureus, and Brassica oleracea), and constructed its life tables on these vegetables. There were significant differences in the development of T. hawaiiensis on the five vegetables, and the developmental times from egg to adult were 12.19 days, 11.59 days, 11.12 days, 10.78 days, and 10.51 days on C. moschata, B. oleracea, L. purpureus, C. annuum, and S. melongena, respectively. There were also significant differences in T. hawaiiensis' survival rate on these plants, with S. melongena (71.00%) > C. annuum (67.33%) > L. purpureus (63.33%) > B. oleracea (57.00%) > C. moschata (49.33%). The greatest and lowest fecundity levels of T. hawaiiensis were found on S. melongena (44.28) and C. moschata (30.16), respectively. T. hawaiiensis had the greatest net reproductive rate on S. melongena (19.22), followed by C. annuum (16.11), L. purpureus (15.17), B. oleracea (11.10), and C. moschata (8.47), and the intrinsic rate of increase showed a similar trend, with values of 0.140, 0.125, 0.121, 0.112, and 0.093, respectively. Thus, S. melongena and C. moschata were the most and least suitable hosts for the population development of T. hawaiiensis among the five tested vegetable hosts. This study could provide important information for the key control of T. hawaiiensis on different crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biological Resources Protection and Efficient Utilization of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China.
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Cui G, Zhong S, Zheng T, Li Z, Zhang X, Li C, Hemming-Schroeder E, Zhou G, Li Y. Aedes albopictus life table: environment, food, and age dependence survivorship and reproduction in a tropical area. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:568. [PMID: 34743753 PMCID: PMC8573987 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental conditions affect the biology of mosquito vectors. Aedes albopictus is a major vector of many important diseases including dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in China. Understanding the development, fecundity, and survivorship of Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in different environmental conditions is beneficial for the implementation of effective vector control measures. Methods Aedes albopictus larval and adult life-table experiments were conducted under natural conditions in indoor, half-shaded, and fully shaded settings, simulating the three major habitat types in Hainan Province, a tropical island in the South China Sea. Temperature, humidity, and light intensity were recorded daily. Larval rearing used habitat water and tap water, with and without additional artificial food. Development time, survivorship, pupation rate, and adult emergence rates were monitored. Adult mosquito survivorship and fecundity were monitored daily and reproductive rates were determined, and age-dependent survivorship and reproduction were analyzed. Results The pupation time and male and female emergence times were significantly shorter in indoor conditions than in shaded and half-shaded conditions for both tap water with added food and habitat water with added food groups. For habitat water with added food, the shaded environment had the lowest pupation rate among the settings. For tap water with added food group, the shaded environment had the lowest pupation rate. The mean survival time of females was 27.3 ± 0.8 days in the indoor condition, which was significantly longer than that in the half-shaded (18.4 ± 0.6 days) and shaded (13.8 ± 1.2 days) conditions. Adult mortality was age-dependent, and the rate of change in mortality with age was not significantly different among different environmental conditions. The mean net replacement rate (R0) of female mosquitoes showed no significant difference among the three conditions, whereas the per capita intrinsic growth rate (r) in the shaded condition was 42.0% and 20.4% higher than that in the indoor and half-shaded conditions, respectively. Female daily egg mass was also age-dependent in all the settings, decaying exponentially with age. Conclusions Our results imply that half-shaded conditions are likely the best natural condition for adult emergence and female reproduction, and food supply is crucial for larval development and pupation. The results provide new avenues for integrated mosquito management in indoor and outdoor areas, especially in half-shaded areas. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05081-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzhen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology of Education Department of Guizhou, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Saifeng Zhong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Tuquan Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Zhangrui Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
| | - Yiji Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China. .,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China. .,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
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Nanga Nanga S, Kekeunou S, Fotso Kuate A, Fiaboe KKM, Dongmo Kenfak MA, Tonnang HE, Gnanvossou D, Djiéto-Lordon C, Hanna R. Temperature-dependent phenology of the parasitoid Fopius arisanus on the host Bactrocera dorsalis. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103031. [PMID: 34503779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fopius arisanus (Sonan), an egg-pupal parasitoid of numerous fruit fly species, was recently introduced into Africa for the control of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). In this study, life-table data of F. arisanus were generated under laboratory conditions at six constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 28 and 35 °C; 75% RH, L12:D12 photoperiod) and under variable conditions in a screenhouse on B. dorsalis. Several non-linear functions were fitted to model species development, mortality, longevity and oviposition using the Insect Life Cycle Modeling (ILCYM) software. The established phenology models were stochastically simulated at variable temperatures to estimate the life table parameters. Fopius arisanus completed development from egg to adult at all the temperatures tested except at 35 °C. Mean developmental time from egg to adult was inversely proportional to the temperature. The minimum temperature threshold (Tmin) from egg to adult was 8.15 °C, while the maximum temperature threshold (Tmax) was estimated at 34.2 °C. The optimal temperature for immature stages survival was predicted for 20-30 °C. The optimum fecundity estimated was 251 eggs/female at 22 °C. Following the stochastic simulations under natural conditions of the selected agro-ecological zones, it appears that the Humid Forest with Bimodal Rainfall provides a suitable thermal condition for potential population growth of F. arisanus. The present study shows the importance of temperature on the demographic parameters of F. arisanus. Implications of present findings on the biological control of B. dorsalis under climate change scenarios is discussed.
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Che-Castaldo J, Havercamp K, Watanuki K, Matsuzawa T, Hirata S, Ross SR. Comparative survival analyses among captive chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) in America and Japan. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11913. [PMID: 34447626 PMCID: PMC8364750 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed, long-term datasets on the life histories of long-lived species such as great apes are necessary to understand their survival patterns but are relatively rare. Such information requires prolonged and consistent record-keeping over many generations, so for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), this equates to many decades of input. As life history variables can be altered by differences in environmental influences (whether natural or artificial), there is substantial value to being able to compare across populations. Here, we present the first comparative analysis of life history data for two ex situ chimpanzee populations residing in North America (1975–2020; n = 730) and Japan (1980–2020; n = 660). Overall, survival patterns were similar between regions, and the median life expectancy from birth is estimated at 35.7 (95% CI = [32.4–40.0]) years for females and 30.1 (27.3–34.3) years for males across both populations. Females who survive to their first birthday are estimated to survive 42.4 (40.0–46.3) years and males 35.5 (32.6–38.0) years. We found that birth type (wild-born or captive-born) did not influence survival patterns in either population, but there were differential effects of sex on longevity. In the America population, males had higher mortality rates than females, whereas in the Japan population we found no differences between the sexes. First year mortality did not differ between populations for males (18–20%), but for females it was lower in America (15%) compared to Japan (25%). Survival patterns of chimpanzees in the present study will be useful for future investigation into potential causes of regional differences and cross-species comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Che-Castaldo
- Alexander Center for Applied Population Biology, Conservation & Science Department, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | | | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Chubu Gakuin University, Gifu, Japan.,Division of the Humanities and Social Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Satoshi Hirata
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Kumamoto Sanctuary, Kyoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Stephen R Ross
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Jung M, Jembere GB, Park YS, Muhwava W, Choi Y, Cho Y, Ko W. The triple burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases and injuries on sex differences in life expectancy in Ethiopia. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:180. [PMID: 34344371 PMCID: PMC8330193 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopia has experienced great improvements in life expectancy (LE) at birth over the last three decades. Despite consistent increases in LE for both males and females in Ethiopia, the country has simultaneously witnessed an increasing discrepancy in LE between males and females. METHODS This study used Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing LE to compare age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in sex differences in LE between 1995 and 2015 in Ethiopia. RESULTS Life expectancy at birth in Ethiopia increased for both males and females from 48.28 years and 50.12 years in 1995 to 65.59 years and 69.11 years in 2015, respectively. However, the sex differences in LE at birth also increased from 1.85 years in 1995 to 3.51 years in 2015. Decomposition analysis shows that the higher male mortality was consistently due to injuries and respiratory infections, which contributed to 1.57 out of 1.85 years in 1995 and 1.62 out of 3.51 years in 2015 of the sex differences in LE. Increased male mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) also contributed to the increased difference in LE between males and females over the period, accounting for 0.21 out of 1.85 years and 1.05 out of 3.51 years in 1995 and 2015, respectively. CONCLUSIONS While injuries and respiratory infections causing male mortality were the most consistent causes of the sex differences in LE in Ethiopia, morality from NCDs is the main cause of the recent increasing differences in LE between males and females. However, unlike the higher exposure of males to death from injuries due to road traffic injuries or interpersonal violence, to what extent sex differences are caused by the higher male mortality compared to female mortality from respiratory infection diseases is unclear. Similarly, despite Ethiopia's weak social security system, an explanation for the increased sex differences after the age of 40 years due to either longer female LE or reduced male LE should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggu Jung
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | | | - Young Su Park
- Center for Arts and Humanities, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, USA
| | - William Muhwava
- African Centre for Statistics, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yeohee Choi
- Department of Social Welfare, Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngtae Cho
- Institute of Environment and Health, Population Policy Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woorim Ko
- Institute of Environment and Health, Population Policy Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Gul H, Ullah F, Hafeez M, Tariq K, Desneux N, Gao X, Song D. Sublethal concentrations of clothianidin affect fecundity and key demographic parameters of the chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:1150-1160. [PMID: 34165677 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bradysia odoriphaga is a major insect pest that infests Chinese chive in northern China. Clothianidin is a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide that is commonly used against B. odoriphaga. In this study, the effect of sublethal clothianidin concentrations (LC5 and LC10) on key biological characteristics of B. odoriphaga was investigated using an age-stage, two-sex life table method. Bioassays results showed that clothianidin exhibited high toxicity against B. odoriphaga with LC50 of 1.898 mg L-1 following 24 h exposure. The developmental duration of larvae was significantly increased when exposed to the LC5 (0.209 mg L-1) and LC10 (0.340 mg L-1) of clothianidin. No significant effects were observed on the pupal stage, adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), and mean longevities of male and female. The oviposition period and fecundity of B. odoriphaga were reduced in clothianidin-treated groups. Moreover, key demographic parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0), were significantly decreased by the LC5 and LC10 of clothianidin, while no effects were noted on mean generation time (T). Overall, this study showed that sublethal concentrations of clothianidin have a detrimental effect on B. odoriphaga developmental period, fecundity, and life table parameters. Therefore, clothianidin has the potential to suppress the population of B. odoriphaga even at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gul
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, P. R. China
| | - Kaleem Tariq
- Department of Agriculture Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Khan HAA. Pyriproxyfen induces lethal and sublethal effects on biological traits and demographic growth parameters in Musca domestica. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:610-621. [PMID: 33761024 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Musca domestica is a global insect-pest of human beings and animal agriculture. Pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, has shown its potential for effective management of M. domestica. However, lethal and sublethal effects of pyriproxyfen on biological traits and demographic growth parameters of M. domestica are still unknown. The present study investigated the effects of lethal and sublethal concentrations on different biological traits of M. domestica for two generations i.e., exposed parents (F0) and their offspring (F1). Concentration-response bioassays revealed that concentrations of pyriproxyfen that caused 50% (LC50), 25% (LC25), 10% (LC10) and 2% (LC2) mortality of M. domestica were estimated as 0.12, 0.06, 0.03 and 0.01 μg/g, respectively. In the F0 generation, exposure of 3rd instar larvae to these concentrations resulted in a reduced pupation rate, lengthened pupal stage duration, light weight pupae and reduction in adult emergence in a concentration-dependent manner. In the case of F1 generation, similar trend was observed for pupation rate, pupal stage duration, and total developmental period (i.e., egg to adult); however, pupal weight was affected at LC10, LC25, LC50 levels, and adult emergence at only LC25 and LC50 levels. The values of demographic growth parameters, analyzed through age-stage, two-sex life table theory, were significantly decreased at all the levels of pyriproxyfen compared with control. This study highlights that pyriproxyfen has the potential to suppress the population of M. domestica through its lethal and sublethal effects and presents an empirical basis from which to consider management decisions for chemical control in the field.
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Maroofpour N, Mousavi M, Hejazi MJ, Iranipour S, Hamishehkar H, Desneux N, Biondi A, Haddi K. Comparative selectivity of nano and commercial formulations of pirimicarb on a target pest, Brevicoryne brassicae, and its predator Chrysoperla carnea. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:361-372. [PMID: 33566273 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a new field in the pesticide industry. Nanopesticides represent an emerging technological tool that offers a range of benefits including increased efficacy, durability, and reduction in the amounts of used active ingredients. However, due to the lack of studies on the toxicity and the sublethal effects on pests and natural enemies, the extent of action and fate of these nanopesticdes is still not fully understood limitting thus their wide use. In this study, we encapsulated the pirimicarb insecticide using nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and investigated the toxicity and sublethal effects (LC25) of the resulting nanocapsules against the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy the green lacewings Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Nanoencapsulation of pirimicarb enhanced 12.6-fold its toxicity to cabbage aphids compared to its commercial formulation. Furthermore, analysis of the age-stage, two-sex life table showed that negative effects on the B. brassicae aphid population growth were observed on F0 and F1 generations when aphids of parental (F0) generation were exposed to subelethal dose (LC25) of both formulations of pirimicarb. However, negative effects from sublethal exposure to the commercial and nanoformulated pirimicarb resulted in significant reduction on the net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and finite rate of increase of the green lacewings C. carnea. Our findings indicate that the approaches and assumptions used to assess the risks of conventional insecticides may not apply for nanopesticides. Further research is still needed to better understand the environmental impact of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Maroofpour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Mousavi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mir Jalil Hejazi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahzad Iranipour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Khalid Haddi
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
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Michel A DK, Fiaboe KKM, Kekeunou S, Nanga SN, Kuate AF, Tonnang HEZ, Gnanvossou D, Hanna R. Temperature-based phenology model to predict the development, survival, and reproduction of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis. J Therm Biol 2021; 97:102877. [PMID: 33863442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of fruit and vegetable production systems on several continents. The pest has invaded many countries, causing considerable impact on fruit production systems and commercialization. In this study we determined the relationship between temperature and development, survival and reproductive parameters of B. dorsalis on an artificial diet under laboratory conditions under 7 constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33 and 35 °C) with 70 ± 10% relative humidity and a photoperiod of L12:D12. We validated the laboratory results with a full life table analysis under semi-natural conditions in a screenhouse. We used the Insect Life Cycle Modeling (ILCYM) software for all mathematical models and simulations applied to all life history parameters. Bactrocera dorsalis completed its development at temperatures ranging between 15 and 33 °C with the mean developmental time of egg, larva, and pupa ranging between 1.46 and 4.31 days, 7.14-25.67 days, and 7.18-31.50 respectively. The models predicted temperatures ranging between 20 and 30 °C as favorable for development and survival, and 20 to 25 °C for optimal fecundity of B. dorsalis. Life table parameters showed the highest gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and finite rate of increase (λ) between 25 and 31 ᵒC while generation time (T) and doubling time (Dt) were low at this interval. The effects of future climate change on B. dorsalis life history parameters were further investigated and the outcome from this study will help in the management of B. dorsalis in different agroecologies in the context of ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmo K Michel A
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 (Messa), Yaoundé, Cameroon; Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.
| | - Komi K M Fiaboe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 (Messa), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Sévilor Kekeunou
- Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Samuel N Nanga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 (Messa), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Apollin F Kuate
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 (Messa), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Henri E Z Tonnang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O.Box 30772, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Désiré Gnanvossou
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Benin Station, 08 BP 0932, Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Rachid Hanna
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), BP 2008 (Messa), Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Würnschimmel C, Collà Ruvolo C, Nocera L, Wenzel M, Tian Z, Saad F, Briganti A, Shariat SF, Mirone V, Chun FKH, Tilki D, Graefen M, Karakiewicz PI. Race/Ethnicity Determines Life Expectancy in Surgically Treated T1aN0M0 Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 8:191-199. [PMID: 33610487 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy (LE) is an important consideration in the clinical decision-making for T1aN0M0 renal cell cancer (RCC) patients. OBJECTIVE To test the effect of race/ethnicity (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian) on LE predictions from Social Security Administration (SSA) life tables in male and female T1aN0M0 RCC patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. INTERVENTION Radical nephrectomy (RN) and partial nephrectomy (PN). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Five-year and 10-yr observed overall survival (OS) of pT1aN0M0 RCC patients treated between 2004 and 2006 were compared with the LE predicted from SSA life tables. We repeated the comparison in a more contemporary cohort (2009-2011), with 5-yr follow-up and higher PN rates. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In the 2004-2006 cohort, PN rate was 40.7%. OS followed the predicted LE in Caucasians, Hispanics/Latinos, and Asians, but not in African Americans, in whom 5-yr OS rates were 5.0% (male) and 8.7% (female) and 10-yr rates were 4.2% (male) and 11.1% (female) lower than predicted. In the 2009-2011 cohort, PN rate was 59.4%. Same observations were made for OS versus predicted LE in Caucasians, Hispanics/Latinos, and Asians. In African Americans, 5-yr OS rates were 1.5% (male) and 4.9% (female) lower than predicted. CONCLUSIONS In RN- or PN-treated pT1aN0M0 RCC patients, LE predictions closely approximated OS of Caucasians, Hispanics/Latinos, and Asians. In African-American patients, SSA life tables overestimated LE, more in females than in males. The limitations of our study are its retrospective nature, its validity for US patients only, and the under-representation of racial/ethnic minorities. PATIENT SUMMARY Social Security Administration life tables can be used to estimate long-term life expectancy in patients who are surgically treated for renal cancer (≤4 cm). However, while for Caucasians, Hispanics/Latinos, and Asians, the prediction performs well, life expectancy of African Americans is generally overestimated by life table predictions. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: In the clinical decision-making process for T1aN0M0 renal cell cancer patients eligible for radical or partial nephrectomy, the important influence of patient sex and race/ethnicity on life expectancy should be taken into account, when using Social Security Administration life tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Würnschimmel
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Claudia Collà Ruvolo
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Nocera
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Mike Wenzel
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zhe Tian
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Departments of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Vincenzo Mirone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felix K H Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
Increases in the average age at first birth and in the proportion of women remaining childless have extended the total number of years that women spend childless during their reproductive lifetime in several countries. To quantify the number of years that reproductive-age women live without children, we introduce the cross-sectional average length of life childless (CALC). This measure includes all the age-specific first-birth information available for the cohorts present at time t; it is a period measure based on cohort data. Using the Human Fertility Database, CALC is calculated for the year 2015 for all countries with long enough histories of fertility available. Results show that women in the majority of the studied countries spend, on average, more than half of their reproductive lives childless. Furthermore, the difference between CALCs in two countries can be decomposed to give a clear visualization of how each cohort contributes to the difference in the duration of the length of childless life in those populations. Our illustration of the decomposition shows that (1) in recent years, female cohorts in Japan and Spain at increasingly younger ages have been contributing to more years of childless life compared with those in Sweden, (2) the United States continues to represent an exception among the high-income countries with a low expectation for childless life of women, and (3) Hungary experienced a strong period effect of the recent Great Recession. These examples show that CALC and its decomposition can provide insights into first-birth patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Mogi
- Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer de Ca n'Altayó, Edifici E2, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra/Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Nisén
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.,INVEST Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ullah F, Gul H, Tariq K, Desneux N, Gao X, Song D. Acetamiprid resistance and fitness costs of melon aphid, Aphis gossypii: An age-stage, two-sex life table study. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 171:104729. [PMID: 33357551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii is a globally distributed crop pest with a wide host range. The intensive use of insecticides against this insect over several years has led to develop resistance against many insecticides including acetamiprid. Understanding the relationship between acetamiprid resistance and fitness of A. gossypii is essential to limit the spread of the resistant population in the field. In this study, age-stage, two-sex life table approach was used to investigate these relationships in the lab. Results showed that resistant strain (Ace-R) had a reduced fitness (relative fitness = 0.909) along with significantly decreased adult longevity, fecundity, net reproductive (R0), mean generation time (T) and gross reproductive rate (GRR). Compared to the susceptible strain (Ace-S), the pre-adult period and total pre-oviposition period (TPOP) were also significantly shorter in Ace-R strain. Moreover, the expression profiles of EcR, JHBP, JHAMT, JHEH, USP and Vg genes supposed to be involved in insect reproduction and development were analyzed using Quantitative Real Time PCR. The EcR, JHBP, JHAMT and USP genes were up-regulated, Vg gene was down-regulated while the mRNA level of JHEH gene was statistically same in the Ace-R strain compared to the Ace-S strain. Collectively, this study provides the occurrence and magnitude of fitness costs of A. gossypii against acetamiprid resistance and could be helpful to manage the resistance evolution in field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hina Gul
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaleem Tariq
- Department of Agriculture Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Entomology and Nematology Department, Steinmetz Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Irvine AF, Waise S, Green EW, Stuart B. A non-linear optimisation method to extract summary statistics from Kaplan-Meier survival plots using the published P value. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:269. [PMID: 33126853 PMCID: PMC7596943 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meta-analyses of studies evaluating survival (time-to-event) outcomes are a powerful technique to assess the strength of evidence for a given disease or treatment. However, these studies rely on the adequate reporting of summary statistics in the source articles to facilitate further analysis. Unfortunately, many studies, especially within the field of prognostic research do not report such statistics, making secondary analyses challenging. Consequently, methods have been developed to infer missing statistics from the commonly published Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots but are liable to error especially when the published number at risk is not included. Methods We therefore developed a method using non-linear optimisation (nlopt) that only requires the KM plot and the commonly published P value to better estimate the underlying censoring pattern. We use this information to then calculate the natural logarithm of the hazard ratio (ln (HR)) and its variance (var) ln (HR), statistics important for meta-analyses. Results We compared this method to the Parmar method which also does not require the number at risk to be published. In a validation set consisting of 13 KM studies, a statistically significant improvement in calculating ln (HR) when using an exact P value was obtained (mean absolute error 0.014 vs 0.077, P = 0.003). Thus, when the true HR has a value of 1.5, inference of the HR using the proposed method would set limits between 1.49/1.52, an improvement of the 1.39/1.62 limits obtained using the Parmar method. We also used Monte Carlo simulations to establish recommendations for the number and positioning of points required for the method. Conclusion The proposed non-linear optimisation method is an improvement on the existing method when only a KM plot and P value are included and as such will enhance the accuracy of meta-analyses performed for studies analysing time-to-event outcomes. The nlopt source code is available, as is a simple-to-use web implementation of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Irvine
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,Present Address: Department of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sara Waise
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Edward W Green
- The German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Stuart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Mba RD, Goungounga JA, Grafféo N, Giorgi R. Correcting inaccurate background mortality in excess hazard models through breakpoints. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 33121436 PMCID: PMC7596976 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods for estimating relative survival are widely used in population-based cancer survival studies. These methods are based on splitting the observed (the overall) mortality into excess mortality (due to cancer) and background mortality (due to other causes, as expected in the general population). The latter is derived from life tables usually stratified by age, sex, and calendar year but not by other covariates (such as the deprivation level or the socioeconomic status) which may lack though they would influence background mortality. The absence of these covariates leads to inaccurate background mortality, thus to biases in estimating the excess mortality. These biases may be avoided by adjusting the background mortality for these covariates whenever available. METHODS In this work, we propose a regression model of excess mortality that corrects for potentially inaccurate background mortality by introducing age-dependent multiplicative parameters through breakpoints, which gives some flexibility. The performance of this model was first assessed with a single and two breakpoints in an intensive simulation study, then the method was applied to French population-based data on colorectal cancer. RESULTS The proposed model proved to be interesting in the simulations and the applications to real data; it limited the bias in parameter estimates of the excess mortality in several scenarios and improved the results and the generalizability of Touraine's proportional hazards model. CONCLUSION Finally, the proposed model is a good approach to correct reliably inaccurate background mortality by introducing multiplicative parameters that depend on age and on an additional variable through breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Darlin Mba
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Juste Aristide Goungounga
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Grafféo
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Économiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Département de la Recherche Clinique et de l'innovation, Marseille, France
| | - Roch Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Hop Timone, BioSTIC, Marseille, France
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Zhang G, Wang XT. [Dose-response relationship analysis between cumulative coal dust exposure and pneumoconiosis risk]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:433-437. [PMID: 32629573 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20190510-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the dose-response relationship between the cumulative coal dust exposure and the cumulative prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis among the coal miners, and to provide a basis for the revision of exposure concentration limits standards of the respirable coal dust and the total dust. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to study the coal miners in 11 state-owned coal mines from January to August 2013. 21000 coal miners in the 9 coal mines were adopted in the furthre study after the bias treatment.The occupational health records of coal miners from the date of coal production to the end of 2012 in each coal mine were collected. Based on the cumulative dust exposure group of the respirable coal dust and that of the total dust, both the miner's cumulative prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis were calculated by the life table method respectively. The dose-response relationship between the cumulative coal dust exposure and pneumoconiosis risk was established (subject to logistic regression model) . Assuming the cumulative prevalence rate is not higher than 1% after 30 or 25 years of exposure to coal dust and the safety factor is 1.2, the exposure concentration limits of the respirable coal dust and the total dust were calculated by the logistic regression equations with one-sided interval statistical control. Results: There were 3224 pneumoconiosis patients (15.35%) altogether. The dose-response relationship between the cumulative respirable coal dust exposure and the cumulative prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis is a logistic regression equation logistic(r)=5.649lgDr-16.573 (R(2)=0.925) , and the legistic regression equation for the total dust, is logistic(t)=5.712lgDt-18.767 (R(2)=0.897) . When the prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis after 30 years of exposure to coal dust is not higher than 1%, the exposure concentration limits of the respirable coal dust and that of total dust contact are 2.2 mg/m(3) and 4.8 mg/m(3), which are similar to those of national occupational health standards of China (2.5 mg/m(3) and 4 mg/m(3)) . When the prevalence rate of pneumoconiosis after 25 years of exposure to coal dust is not higher than 1%, the exposure concentration limits of the respirable coal dust is 2.7 mg/m(3). Conclusion: It is recommended to strictly implement the current national occupational health standard and abolish the relevant safety production industry standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - X T Wang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
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Hasan F, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Al-Misned F, Dhillon MK, Manzoor U. Ecotoxicity of neonicotinoids and diamides on population growth performance of Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 203:110998. [PMID: 32778532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relative ecotoxicity of approved neonicotinoids (i.e. imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran) and diamides (i.e. chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) was examined on population growth parameters of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on parthenium under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity and 10 L : 14D photoperiod. The dose of all tested insecticides in the bioassay procedure was within a minimum range of their recommended field rate. In acute toxicity trial, imidacloprid caused highest rate of mortality in treated adults of Z. bicolorata, however, it was lowest in flubendiamide treatment followed by cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole. Further, based on toxicity coefficient (E) value in acute toxicity trial, all were classified as harmful (H) and diamides were classified as moderately harmful (MH) as per IOBC classification. Moreover, chronic toxicity trials were carried out through life table response experiments (LTREs) in the F1 progeny of acute toxicity experienced group. Prolonged development with the highest mortality was evident in as compared to diamides. Furthermore, population growth parameters i.e. potential fecundity (Pf), natality rate (mx), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) was greatly reduced in Z. bicolorata treated with neonicotinoids as compared with diamides. However, mean generation time (Tc), corrected generation time (τ) and the doubling time (DT) was prolonged in neonicotinoids followed by diamides. Furthermore, proportion of females was greatly reduced (0.43-0.48 females) in neonicotinoids as comparison to diamides (0.53-0.55 females) and control (0.67 females). On the basis of ecotoxicity trials, the tested neonicotinoids were highly toxic to Z. bicolorata than diamides. Therefore, diamide insecticides could be used with Z. bicolorata, however, for validation experimentation need to be done under natural field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazil Hasan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India; Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Uzma Manzoor
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, GN, Delhi, India
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40
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Jung M, Ko W, Muhwava W, Choi Y, Kim H, Park YS, Jambere GB, Cho Y. Mind the gaps: age and cause specific mortality and life expectancy in the older population of South Korea and Japan. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:819. [PMID: 32487053 PMCID: PMC7268756 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent life expectancy gains in high-income Asia-pacific countries have been largely the result of postponement of death from non-communicable diseases in old age, causing rapid demographic ageing. This study compared and quantified age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy in two high-income Asia-pacific countries with ageing populations, South Korea and Japan. METHODS This study used Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing life expectancy to compare age- and cause-specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy between South Korea and Japan during 1997 and 2017. RESULTS South Korea experienced rapid population ageing, and the gaps in life expectancy at 60 years old between South Korea and Japan were reduced by 2.47 years during 1997 and 2017. Decomposition analysis showed that mortality reductions from non-communicable diseases in South Korea were the leading causes of death contributing to the decreased gaps in old-age life expectancy between the two countries. More specifically, mortality reductions from cardiovascular diseases (stroke, ischaemic and hypertensive heart disease) and cancers (stomach, liver, lung, pancreatic cancers) in South Korea contributed to the decreased gap by 1.34 and 0.41 years, respectively. However, increased mortality from Alzheimer and dementia, lower respiratory tract disease, self-harm and falls in South Korea widened the gaps by 0.41 years. CONCLUSIONS Age- and cause- specific contributions to changes in old-age life expectancy can differ between high-income Asia-pacific countries. Although the gaps in old-age life expectancy between high-income Asia-pacific countries are primarily attributed to mortality changes in non-communicable diseases, these countries should also identify potential emerging threats of communicable diseases and injuries along with demographic ageing in pursuit of healthy life years in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggu Jung
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Woorim Ko
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William Muhwava
- African Centre for Statistics, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yeohee Choi
- Department of Social Welfare, Graduate School of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Su Park
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Youngtae Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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41
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Abstract
Child mortality has remained persistently high in most sub-Saharan African countries. Majority of the effort in analyzing the determinants, or covariables did not consider the duration of exposure to mortality risks. In addition, covariates are usually linked to the mean of the response variable, thereby neglecting the possible association with other higher moments. In this paper, we account for the duration of exposure via the child mortality index, defined as the ratio of observed to expected child death, for all women captured in the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. Based on this index, a structured additive distributional beta regression model was adopted to examine covariate effects on the probability of a woman experiencing no child mortality, the conditional expectation of mortality, and the mortality spread, controlling for latent spatial associations. Our inferential framework is Bayesian inference, powered by generic MCMC tools based on iterative weighted least squares. Results confirm the existence of significant variation in the likelihood of a woman experiencing no child mortality, and in the spread of mortality, across Nigerian states. Findings also show that although mortality is fairly spread among women aged ≥30 years, it is concentrated among the younger women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Gayawan
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Su C, Xia X. Sublethal effects of methylthio-diafenthiuron on the life table parameters and enzymatic properties of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pestic Biochem Physiol 2020; 162:43-51. [PMID: 31836053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is a major pest affecting cruciferous vegetables, and seriously affects the quality and yield of these vegetables. Diafenthiuron is a traditional thiourea-based insecticide, but it is rarely used to control pests on cruciferous vegetables due to its phytotoxicity on these vegetables under high temperature and light conditions. Thus, there is an ongoing need for more effective pesticides that can be used on cruciferous vegetables, possibly including new formulations of diafenthiuron. A new thiourea insecticide, methylthio-diafenthiuron, is intended to optimize the structure of diafenthiuron not only to preserve its insecticidal bioactivity but also to overcome its phytotoxicity to cruciferous vegetables, aiming to control insect pests on cruciferous vegetables. In this study, we compared the toxicity of methylthio-diafenthiuron to some frequently used insecticides on the third-instar larvae of DBM. The parental pupal duration was significantly longer under the treatment than in the control, but the pupal weight, fecundity, and hatching rate significantly decreased. By studying the changes in three detoxifying enzymes within 72 h after treatment with a sublethal concentration, the activity of CarE and ODM in the treatment group significantly increased at first and then decreased. In addition, methylthio-diafenthiuron clearly inhibited three kinds of ATPases in the DBM and significantly reduced the eclosion rate of the pupae. This research provides valuable information for the assessment and rational application of methylthio-diafenthiuron for the control of pests on cruciferous vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Su
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Ghazy NA, Gotoh T, Suzuki T. Impact of global warming scenarios on life-history traits of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae). BMC Ecol 2019; 19:48. [PMID: 31771563 PMCID: PMC6880604 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae), is an agricultural pest of solanaceous crops. Although T. evansi is of South American subtropical origin, it has recently expanded its distribution range to many tropical and temperate areas around the world. Its potential distribution range in response to scenarios of global warming was recently modeled, confirming its current and possible future distributions. Here, we experimentally investigated the biological traits of T. evansi in the context of the current and future global warming (2100) scenarios. Using an environmental simulation system, we tested the life-history traits of T. evansi under current summer temperatures (as of June, July, and August 2016) and under expected temperature increases based on two IPCC scenarios: RCP2.6 (+ 1 °C) and RCP8.5 (+ 3.7 °C). The mites were introduced into each scenario on 1 June and their sequential progeny were used for testing in each following month. Results The mite could develop and reproduce under all scenarios. There was a decrease in the duration of lifespan and female fecundity at RCP8.5 during June and August, but this may be compensated for by the high intrinsic rate of increase, which implies faster population growth and shorter generation time. Conclusion Our study and other reports reveal the high adaptability of T. evansi to a wide range of summer temperatures; this may explain its current distribution. We anticipate that global warming will favor the spread of T. evansi and may further expand its distribution to a large area of the globe. These findings should be of ecological and practical relevance for designing prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureldin Abuelfadl Ghazy
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan. .,Department of Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Tetsuo Gotoh
- Faculty of Economics, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki, 301-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Hedayati M, Sadeghi A, Maroufpoor M, Ghobari H, Güncan A. Transgenerational sublethal effects of abamectin and pyridaben on demographic traits of Phytonemus pallidus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae). Ecotoxicology 2019; 28:467-477. [PMID: 30982944 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In addition to determining the lethal effects, identifying sublethal effects of a pesticide is crucial to understanding the total impact a pesticide may have on a pest population. We determined the sublethal effects the two pesticides, abamectin and pyridaben, have on the cyclamen mite, Phytonemus pallidus (Banks) (Acari: Tarsonemidae)-a major pest of strawberry. Demographic traits of the P. pallidus progeny (F1 generation) produced by parents (F0 generation) treated with a low lethal concentration (LC15) of abamectin and pyridaben were assessed using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The total longevity of the F1 generation (males = 10.78 days; female = 14.35 days) was the shortest in the progeny of the abamectin treated parents, differing significantly from the progeny of mites treated with pyridaben (males = 11.50 days, females = 15.63 days), and the control population (males = 13.50 days, females = 17.81 days). The intrinsic rates of increase (r) and the finite rates of increase (λ) of the progeny of abamectin (r = 0.0854 day-1, λ = 1.0891 day-1) and pyridaben (r = 0.0951 day-1, λ = 1.0997 day-1) treated parents were significantly lower than in the control mites (r = 0.1455 day-1, λ = 1.1567 day-1). The lowest fecundity (5.35 eggs/female), occurred in F1 female offspring of parents treated with LC15 concentrations of abamectin, which was significantly lower than in the pyridaben (6.11 eggs/female) and control treatments (11.45 eggs/female). Transgenerational sublethal effects of abamectin and pyridaben in P. pallidus can be effectively used to for optimizing IPM programs against this pest on strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Hedayati
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amin Sadeghi
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Maroufpoor
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ghobari
- Department of Plant Protection, Agriculture Faculty, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Güncan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey.
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He F, Sun S, Sun X, Ji S, Li X, Zhang J, Jiang X. Effects of insect growth-regulator insecticides on the immature stages of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 164:665-674. [PMID: 30170315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Harmonia axyridis is an important biological control predator in greenhouses and agricultural fields, and it plays a significant role in the integrated pest management (IPM) of several arthropod pests. We studied the effects of eight insect growth-regulator insecticides (IGRs) on immature stages of H. axyridis by residual toxicity (eggs and pupae) and contact toxicity (larvae) to evaluate the risk of using these IGRs in IPM systems. Diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and lufenuron caused more than 80% mortality to H. axyridis eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. Pyriproxyfen was also highly harmful to larvae and pupae of H. axyridis. In contrast, methoxyfenozide and buprofezin caused little mortality and were classified as slightly harmful to immature stages based on a reduction coefficient. In addition to mortality and developmental time, the fecundity, fertility and deformed eggs of offspring were affected, when the predators were exposed to IGRs. Benzoylphenylurea insecticides significantly reduced H. axyridis female fecundity and fertility and increased the number of deformed eggs. The adverse effects are closely connected with the developmental stages of the predators and types and methods of insecticides exposed. All IGRs affected, to some extent, the life-table parameters of H. axyridis when the insecticides applied on immature stages at the highest field rates. Tebufenozide, diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron and lufenuron significantly reduced the Ro, T, r and λ of beetles exposed to the insecticides. The results indicate that IGRs could disturb the population growth and biocontrol activities of H. axyridis when applied at the highest field label rates. Additional studies should be conducted to assess the effects of IGRs on H. axyridis under field conditions before incorporating them in IPM strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shoumin Ji
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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46
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Muslim M, Ansari MS, Hasan F. Non-target toxicity of synthetic insecticides on the biological performance and population growth of Bracon hebetor Say. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:1019-1031. [PMID: 29797170 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important biological control agent of various species of order Lepidoptera and extensively used in biological control program worldwide. Present study evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on B. hebetor using demographic and population growth parameters. Doses of all the tested insecticides were within a maximum range of their recommended field dosages and adults were treated using residual glass vials method. For control experiments adults were treated with distilled water. Among the tested insecticides, the survivorship of various stages of B. hebetor was considerably prolonged on cyantraniliprole followed by chlorantraniliprole and shortest on chlorpyrifos and profenofos treated group. Total immature development time was prolonged in chlorpyrifos and profenofos treated group. Population growth parameters like intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (Tc) were considerably reduced in B. hebetor groups treated with chlorpyrifos and profenofos. However, B. hebetor groups treated with chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole showed a little or no much difference in population growth parameters when compared with untreated group. It was also observed that chlorpyrifos and profenofos modified the sex ratio, thereby female emergence get reduced. On the basis of present findings it can be concluded that all tested insecticides caused considerable ecotoxic effects on B. hebetor compared to control. However, comparisons among the tested insecticides on the basis of IOBC criteria showed that chlorantraniliprol and cyntraniliprol was less toxic as compared to other insecticides tested on this biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Muslim
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - M Shafiq Ansari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Fazil Hasan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Abstract
This paper aims to improve the accuracy of parametric extrapolations of the death rates into old age by constraining the extrapolation model on presumed life expectancy at old age. Such a task is particularly important in cases where the data quality at old age, in particular the age exaggeration, is not sufficient for reliable mortality estimates. Our tests are based on period data from the Human Mortality Database and the use of the Horiuchi–Coale and Mitra formulas for reducing the bias of life expectancy in the open age interval. We show that extrapolation accuracy is substantially improved when the extrapolation is constrained by either the empirical life expectancy or the Horiuchi–Coale or Mitra estimates. Unconstrained extrapolations and those constrained by conventional life table estimates of life expectancy in the open age interval show substantial biases and should be avoided. Combining extrapolation with life expectancy estimates which are robust to the effects of age exaggeration appears to be a valuable way of improving mortality estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalkhat M Ediev
- 1Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/ÖAWWU), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria.,North-Caucasian State Humanitarian-Technological Academy, Stavropolskaya 36, Cherkessk, Russian Federation 369000.,3Demography Department (HSMSS), Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 51, r. 752, Moscow, Russian Federation 119992
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48
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Saeed S, Jaleel W, Naqqash MN, Saeed Q, Zaka SM, Sarwar ZM, Ishtiaq M, Qayyum MA, Sial MU, Qurat-Ul-Aine, Batool M, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, Hafeez M, Ansari MJ, Sharma GK. Fitness parameters of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera; Plutellidae) at four constant temperatures by using age-stage, two-sex life tables. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1661-7. [PMID: 31762641 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Different temperature zones have significant impact on the population dynamics of Plutella xylostella. Effective management of P. xylostella requires the knowledge of temperature tolerance by different life stages. In the current study, fitness parameters of diamondback moth were reported by using age-stage, two-sex life table traits at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C). The life cycle of P. xylostella was significantly longer at 15 °C. The 20 °C level of temperature was found optimal for fecundity, gross reproductive rate (51.74 offspring) and net reproductive rate (44.35 offspring per individual). The adult pre-oviposition period was statistically at par at all four level of temperatures. However, the survival was maximum at 20 °C as compared to other three temperature ranges. Based on the current study, it was concluded that temperature has a great role in population build-up of P. xylostella and effective management tactics should be applied to prevent significant damage to cabbage and other cruciferous crops when the temperature in the field is near 20 °C.
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Sang W, Xu J, Bashir MH, Ali S. Developmental responses of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri to heavy metals transferred across multi-trophic food chain. Chemosphere 2018; 205:690-697. [PMID: 29729623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current studies were carried out to observe the variations in development, biology and life table parameters of ladybird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, feeding on pink hibiscus mealybug (Dysmicoccus neobrevipes) contaminated with heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and nickel) bio-transferred across a multi-trophic chain. The developmental time required for immature life stages (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar nymphs, pupae) and total developmental period (egg-adult) differed significantly among different heavy metal treatments and control. The accumulated survival rate of C. montrouzieri immature life stages also differed significantly among different heavy metal treatments and control. Different parameters of adult female biology (Pre-oviposition period, fecundity, female longevity) were adversely affected by different heavy metals. Life table analysis revealed that all the heavy metals caused significant reduction in net reproduction rate (R0) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) while the mean generation time (T) and doubling time (Dt) were significantly higher than control. The results obtained provide possible insight into the implications of heavy metals on the population dynamics of insect predator (C. montrouzieri) in a multi-trophic food chain. However, further research is required on genetic as well as physiological processes involved in the regulation of growth and development of C. montrouzieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Hamid Bashir
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Abstract
Data quality issues at advanced old age, such as incompleteness of registration of vital events and age misreporting, compromise estimates of the death rates and remaining life expectancy at those ages. Following up on Horiuchi and Coale (Population Studies 36: 317-326, 1982), Mitra (Population Studies 38: 313-319, 1984, Population Studies 39: 511-512, 1985), and Coale (Population Studies 39: 507-509, 1985), we examine the conventional approaches to constructing life tables from data deficient at advanced ages and the two adjustment methods by the mentioned authors. Contrary to earlier reports by Horiuchi, Coale, and Mitra, we show that the two methods are consistent and useful in drastically reducing the estimation errors in life expectancy as compared to the conventional approaches, i.e., the classical open age interval model and extrapolation of the death rates. Our results suggest complementing the classical estimates of life expectancy by adjustments using Horiuchi-Coale, Mitra, or other appropriate methods and avoiding the extrapolation method as a tool for estimating the life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalkhat M. Ediev
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute for Applied Mathematics and Information Technologies, North-Caucasian State Humanitarian-Technological Academy, Stavropolskaya 36, Cherkessk, 369000 Russia
- Demography Chair (HSMSS), Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 51, r. 752, Moscow, 119992 Russia
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