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Domingo-Echaburu S, Hernandez-Palacios R, Orive G, Lertxundi U. A proposal to reduce the amount of permethrin entering wastewater resultant from topical use to treat scabies. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171787. [PMID: 38499100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of scabies is rising in the last years. Subsequently, the use of pharmaceuticals to treat the disease has also increased. Treatment with topical permethrin is usually recommended as a first line agent. This substance is also an aquatic contaminant that is toxic for many non-target organisms, and has been included as a priority substance in the recently published proposal of the European Water Framework Directive. Current guidelines neglect the potential environmental impact of this drug, recommending that the cream should be applied head to toe and "washed off after 8-12 h". Recently, a wiping procedure before hand washing after application of the topical treatment resulted in a 66 % reduction of the amount of diclofenac released in wastewater. The authors suggested that this method could be explored for other topical treatments. In the case of scabiosis, a protocol implicating the whole body needs to be designed. The absorption of topical permethrin is low. Considering the growing incidence of scabies, the amount of the pyrethroid reaching the environment may also be increasing. Therefore, we believe that applying the wiping procedure to the case of topical permethrin deserves consideration. Other measures to minimize the amount of permethrin residues reaching wastewater by washing clothes and bed linen such as wearing single-use pijamas should also be explored. In conclusion, we need to apply a One Health approach in the treatment with scabies, without neglecting the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals. It is not rational to forget drugs once they go down the drain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Domingo-Echaburu
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Debagoiena Integrated Health Organisation, Pharmacy Service, Nafarroa Hiribidea 16, 20500 Arrasate, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Rafael Hernandez-Palacios
- Internal Medicine Service, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Araba Mental Health Network, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Unax Lertxundi
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, c/Alava 43, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
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Sapana Devi M, Gupta A. Sub-lethal effects of deltamethrin and permethrin resulted in ultrastructural alterations in scales and oxygen uptake changes of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Aquat Toxicol 2024; 272:106939. [PMID: 38744122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The present study used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the toxicity of sub-lethal concentrations of deltamethrin (0.035, 0.007 and 0.0007 mg L-1) and permethrin (0.93, 0.093 and 0.0093 mg L-1) on the ultrastructure of the scales of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) during a 21 day exposure. The oxygen uptake of the fish during deltamethrin (0.007 and 0.0007 mg L-1) and permethrin (0.093 and 0.0093 mg L-1) exposure was also investigated. The SEM studies revealed abnormal morphological alterations and modifications of fish scales, which were concentration-dependent. Deltamethrin-exposed fish showed severe deformation and fusion of two circuli in different rows, thereby disrupting the normal radii pattern. This fusion was probably caused by the cyanide moiety of the pesticide. On the other hand, permethrin characteristically produced a thick mucus layer over the scale surface. The different concentrations of both the pesticides affected circuli pattern with severe breakage of circuli and loss of lepidonts present over their ridges. Erythrocyte extrusions were also seen at several places over the scale surface. There was significant reduction of oxygen uptake in fish exposed to permethrin at both the concentrations, but in deltamethrin treatments significant reduction occurred only at the higher concentration of 0.007 mg L-1, though this was less than the lower permethrin concentration of 0.0093 mg L-1, and moreover effects of both the pyrethroids on oxygen consumption increased at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisnam Sapana Devi
- Department of Environmental Science, Thambal Marik College, Oinam, Manipur 795134, India.
| | - Abhik Gupta
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
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Shi MH, Yan Y, Niu X, Wang JF, Li S. GPR39-mediated ERK1/2 signaling reduces permethrin-induced proliferation of estrogen receptor α-negative cells. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 276:116303. [PMID: 38599157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Certain insecticides are known to have estrogenic effects by activating estrogen receptors through genomic transcription. This has led researchers to associate specific insecticide use with an increased breast cancer risk. However, it is unclear if estrogen receptor-dependent pathways are the only way in which these compounds induce carcinogenic effects. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin on the growth of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Using tandem mass spectrometric techniques, the effect of permethrin on cellular protein expression was investigated, and gene ontology and pathway function enrichment analyses were performed on the deregulated proteins. Finally, molecular docking simulations of permethrin with the candidate target protein was performed and the functionality of the protein was confirmed through gene knockdown experiments. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to 10-40 μM permethrin for 48 h enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in MDA-MB-231. We observed deregulated expression in 83 upregulated proteins and 34 downregulated proteins due to permethrin exposure. These deregulated proteins are primarily linked to transmembrane signaling and chemical carcinogenesis. Molecular docking simulations revealed that the overexpressed transmembrane signaling protein, G protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39), has the potential to bind to permethrin. Knockdown of GPR39 partially impeded permethrin-induced cellular proliferation and altered the expression of proliferation marker protein PCNA and cell cycle-associated protein cyclin D1 via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These findings offer novel evidence for permethrin as an environmental breast cancer risk factor, displaying its potential to impact breast cancer cell proliferation via an estrogen receptor-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Shi
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Xi Niu
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Jia-Fu Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, China.
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4
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Wu Q, Tian L, Shan X, Yang S, Li H, Li C, Lu J. Enhancing electrochemiluminescence by modifying Fe 3CuO 4 and CdS@ZnS: A novel ECL sensor for highly sensitive detection of permethrin. Talanta 2024; 268:125393. [PMID: 37944418 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was constructed for the detection of permethrin by modifying Fe3CuO4-Ru(bpy)32+ and GO-CdS@ZnS on the electrode. Fe3CuO4 was used as a carrier to adsorb more luminous reagent Ru(bpy)32+ to promote luminescence. Meanwhile, it also can be used as a co-reaction promoter to amplify the initial signal of Ru(bpy)32+-tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) system. When GO-CdS@ZnS was introduced into this system, the ECL signal was further enhanced. The porous nature of graphene oxide (GO) was utilized to load a large amount of CdS@ZnS, in which CdS@ZnS acted as the co-reactant to amplify the ECL signal. The amount of permethrin (PMT) increased and the ECL signal decreased. Under the optimum conditions, the ECL response was linearly related to the logarithm of PMT concentration. The developed ECL sensor allowed for sensitive determination of PMT and exhibited a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10-11 mol L-1 to 1.0 × 10-7 mol L-1. The limit of detection was 3.3 × 10-12 mol L-1 (S/N = 3). It can be used for the detection of PMT in vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangyu Shan
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuning Yang
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Lu
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, People's Republic of China.
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Himtaş D, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K, Acar A. In-vivo and in-silico studies to identify toxicity mechanisms of permethrin with the toxicity-reducing role of ginger. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:9272-9287. [PMID: 38191734 PMCID: PMC10824804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the toxic effects of permethrin on Allium cepa L. and the protective role of Zingiber officinale rhizome extract (Zoex) were investigated. In this context, 6 different groups were formed. While the control group was treated with tap water, the groups II and III were treated with 10 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL Zoex, respectively, and the group IV was treated with 100 µg/L permethrin. The protective effect of Zoex against permethrin toxicity was studied as a function of dose, and groups V and VI formed for this purpose were treated with 10 µg/mL Zoex + 100 µg/L permethrin and 20 µg/mL Zoex + 100 µg/L permethrin, respectively. After 72 h of germination, cytogenetic, biochemical, physiological, and anatomical changes in meristematic cells of A. cepa were studied. As a result, permethrin application decreased the mitotic index (MI) and increased the frequency of micronuclei (MN), and chromosomal abnormalities. The increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) and the decrease in glutathione (GSH) indicate that permethrin causes oxidative damage. Compared to the control group, a 68.5% decrease in root elongation (p < 0.05) and an 81.8% decrease (p < 0.05) in weight gain were observed in the permethrin-treated group. It was found that the application of Zoex together with permethrin resulted in regression of all detected abnormalities, reduction in the incidence of anatomical damage, MN and chromosomal aberrations, and improvement in MI rates. The most significant improvement was observed in group VI treated with 20 µg/mL Zoex, and Zoex was also found to provide dose-dependent protection. The toxicity mechanism of permethrin was also elucidated by molecular docking and spectral studies. From the data obtained during the study, it was found that permethrin has toxic effects on A. cepa, a non-target organism, while Zoex plays a protective role by reducing these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Himtaş
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Giresun, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Giresun, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Giresun, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Giresun, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
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Mendarte-Alquisira C, Alarcón A, Ferrera-Cerrato R. Growth, tolerance, and enzyme activities of Trichoderma strains in culture media added with a pyrethroids-based insecticide. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024; 56:79-89. [PMID: 37640657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of pyrethroids and carbamates represents an environmental risk and may exert adverse effects on beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma, which contribute to the biocontrol of several fungal phytopathogens. This research evaluated the tolerance of several strains of Trichoderma to a selected culture medium contaminated with a commercial insecticide (H24®) composed of pyrethroids, permethrin and prallethrin, and carbamate propoxur, and determined the influence of this insecticide on the release of enzymes such as chitinases, peroxidases, and endoglucanases by a consortium of selected Trichoderma strains grown in liquid culture medium. Four out of 10 Trichoderma strains showed tolerance to 200ppm (∼48.3% of growth) of the commercial insecticide after 96h of exposure to a contaminated solid medium. After eight days of growth in liquid culture, the insecticide enhanced extracellular protein content and peroxidase activities in the Trichoderma consortium but decreased both chitinase and glucanase activities. These fungal responses should be considered when implementing strategies that combine alternative pesticides and fungal biocontrollers for managing fungal phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caliope Mendarte-Alquisira
- Área de Microbiología, Posgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo 56264, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alarcón
- Área de Microbiología, Posgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo 56264, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato
- Área de Microbiología, Posgrado de Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo 56264, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Yao LZ, Li XY, Fan YM. Real-time dermoscopy of numerous mites crawling on the crusted scabies. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:90-91. [PMID: 37844694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Zhi Yao
- Dermatology, Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- Dermatology, Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Dermatology, Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Center, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Rasheed S, Ul Haq MA, Ahmad N, Sirajuddin, Hussain D. Smartphone-integrated colorimetric and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for the trace-level detection of permethrin. Food Chem 2023; 429:136925. [PMID: 37480777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide and insect repellent that prevents mosquito-borne infections like dengue and malaria in tropical areas. This work describes a new colorimetric sensor based on metronidazole-stabilized silver nanoparticles (MTZ-AgNPs) for the first rapid, sensitive, and selective permethrin detection. The MTZ-AgNPs-based colorimetric sensor has a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0104 µM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.0348 µM, respectively. The sensor is further integrated with smartphone and microfluidic fabrication of paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) for real-time and on-site detection of permethrin. Under optimal settings, no potential environmental contaminants interfere with permethrin detection, confirming its high selectivity. Finally, the practical applicability of sensors is confirmed in real tomato and apple extract samples. The US environmental protection agency's recommended UPLC method validated the detection efficiency of the proposed colorimetric sensor. The % recoveries from UPLC and MTZ-AgNPs suggest that the present sensor can quantitatively analyze permethrin in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufian Rasheed
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sirajuddin
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Johns M, Deloe K, Beaty LE, Simpson AM, Nutile SA. Avoidance behavior of Hyalella azteca in response to three common-use insecticides. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140492. [PMID: 37865201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-target organisms in aquatic environments may experience lethal or sublethal effects following exposure to contaminants. Most protocols and regulations, however, are designed to provide protection from lethal effects and are thus based on conventional estimates of population lethality. The relative lack of reliable behavioral endpoints makes it challenging to implement regulations that are similarly protective against sublethal toxicity. The objective of this study was to quantify the avoidance behavior of Hyalella azteca when exposed to three insecticides-bifenthrin (B), chlorpyrifos (C), and permethrin (P)-at a range of estimated lethal concentrations. A two-choice behavioral arena was used for each chemical to quantify H. azteca activity and time spent in either uncontaminated sediment or sediment spiked at concentrations reflecting estimated 48-h lethal concentrations (LC50, LC25, and LC10). For all three insecticides, naïve H. azteca demonstrated a preference for the uncontaminated sediment over the contaminated sediment at the LC50 (B: 312 ng/gOC; C: 1265 ng/gOC; P: 5042 ng/gOC) and LC25 (B: 230 ng/gOC; C: 859 ng/gOC; P: 3817 ng/gOC), spending significantly more time in the uncontaminated side of the arena. H. azteca did not avoid sediment at LC10 (B: 204 ng/gOC; C: 609 ng/gOC; P: 1515 ng/gOC) levels, indicating the existence of a potential threshold of detection. Despite the lack of substrate preference at this exposure level, H. azteca were nevertheless more active (i.e., increased zone-switching) when exposed to bifenthrin at the LC10, suggesting a possible irritation response (e.g., movement after exposure) to this chemical. Our results provide evidence that H. azteca exhibit innate avoidance responses to sediments contaminated with common insecticides at concentrations below those represented by traditional toxicological endpoints (e.g., LC50). The sensitivity and ease with which this behavioral endpoint can be assayed demonstrates the potential utility of behavioral endpoints in toxicological assessments using model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Johns
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Kyle Deloe
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Lynne E Beaty
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Adam M Simpson
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Samuel A Nutile
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA.
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Genchi M, Kramer L, Valentini G, Allievi G, Ciuca L, Vismarra A. Efficacy of topical administration of prallethrin- permethrin-piperonyl butoxide (Bronco® Equine Fly Spray) for the treatment and control of flies and other nuisance insects of horses. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3139-3145. [PMID: 37921904 PMCID: PMC10667147 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biting and nuisance insects are a noted cause of discomfort and stress to horses. Pyrethrins and pyrethroids have been used for many years in numerous formulations for the control of insect pests in animals, humans and environment. There are, however, few studies reporting their field efficacy in horses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the repellent activity of a spray formulation based on prallethrin and permethrin synergized with piperonyl butoxide (BRONCO® Equine Fly Spray, Farnam Companies, Inc., USA) against annoying and harmful insects for horses in field conditions. Nine horses of mixed breed were divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). Pre-treatment insect counts were compared to daily counts for 4 days post-treatment (pt). One minute after the administration of the product (day 0), all the horses were negative for the presence of insects. All counts up to the 6-h pt check remained negative for Hippobosca equina, tabanid flies and Simulium spp., showing 100% efficacy. This remained above 90% throughout the study. For the H. equina, the repellent efficacy remained > 99.7% for all 4 days pt, for tabanid flies > 93.3% and for Simulium spp. > 97.4%. The efficacy against Musca spp. decreased from 82.2% at day 0 to 62.2% at day 3. Treatment was well-tolerated. In conclusion, despite the low number of tested horses, Bronco® has demonstrated high insecticide and repellent efficacy and a good persistence, maintained for up to 4 days post-treatment, against the most common species of insects harmful for horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Genchi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia E Malattie Parassitarie, University of Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Kramer
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia E Malattie Parassitarie, University of Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, Parma, Italy
| | - Gaia Valentini
- Maneggio Le Chianine Dei Tognoli, Via Castel Dell'Aquila, Gragnola, MS, Italy
| | - Giulia Allievi
- Maneggio Le Chianine Dei Tognoli, Via Castel Dell'Aquila, Gragnola, MS, Italy
| | - Lavinia Ciuca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Della Veterinaria, 1, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Vismarra
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Parassitologia E Malattie Parassitarie, University of Parma, Via Del Taglio 10, Parma, Italy.
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Hajibeygi R, Hejripour SZ, Taghavi N, Shahali H, Zarei S, Nouri M, Mirahmadi H, Tabatabaie SM, Solgi R, Darvishi M. Evaluation of the knockdown resistance locus ( kdr) in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in southeastern Iran. J Vector Borne Dis 2023; 60:444-448. [PMID: 38174525 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.383648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives The resistance to insecticide among Anopheles stephensi population due to insecticide selection pressure has been previously reported from Iran. The current study was performed to evaluate the susceptibility of different insecticide reagents against An. stephensi by bioassay and molecular methods in Saravan County, a malaria-endemic area in southeastern Iran. Methods An. stephensi mosquitoes were collected from different larval habitats in Saravan City, southeastern Iran in 2022. At first, the susceptibility of collected samples for DDT, permethrin, and deltamethrin were evaluated by bioassay test. The collected mosquitoes were then evaluated for the presence of different kdr mutations. Results Insecticide susceptibility tests were conducted on the field population of An. stephensi from Saravan, revealing its potential resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. Of the 150 An. stephensi samples, 4 % carried the kdr L1014F mutation as heterozygous and the rest of them were homozygous L1014 wild type. Interpretation & conclusion The current study revealed the presence of L1014F mutation for the first time in Iran. So, further monitoring of kdr mutations in the VGSC gene and resistance phenotypes should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Hajibeygi
- Advanced Diagnostic and interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Zia Hejripour
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Taghavi
- Aerospace and Sub-Aquatic Medical Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Shahali
- Aerospace and Sub-Aquatic Medical Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Zarei
- Aerospace and Sub-Aquatic Medical Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Nouri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Mirahmadi
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Rahmat Solgi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Aerospace and Sub-Aquatic Medical Faculty, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Verma J, Rai AK, Satija NK. Autophagy perturbation upon acute pyrethroid treatment impacts adipogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 195:105566. [PMID: 37666621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposure can cause dysregulation in adipogenesis that can result in metabolic syndrome, which includes insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, as well as excessive body weight. The role of autophagy in adipocyte differentiation is debatable since both positive and negative effects have been reported. Type-I and type-II synthetic pyrethroids α-cypermethrin (CPM) and permethrin (PER), respectively, are reported to increase adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, it is not known how these pyrethroids affect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Thus, this study focused on evaluating the effect of pyrethroids (CPM and PER) pre-treatment (24 h) on MSC commitment and the regulatory role of autophagy in adipogenic lineage commitment. The formation of adipocytes was observed through nile red staining, perilipin expression by immunoflourescence, and adipogenic markers PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FABP4 by western blotting. It was found that the adipogenic differentiation ability of MSCs was significantly increased upon CPM or PER pre-treatment at 100 μM concentration as evident by lipid accumulation and enhanced expression of adipogenic markers. To assess the involvement of autophagy, the expression of p62 and LC3II were evaluated following pre-treatment. Immunoblotting results revealed an increased expression of p62 and LC3II in CPM or PER pretreated MSCs suggesting CPM and PER mediated inhibition of autophagy at 24 h. Further, an increase was observed in adipogenesis upon CPM or PER pre-treatment in combination with chloroquine, while use of rapamycin during pre-treatment abrogated the effect of CPM and PER. Thus, this study concludes that CPM or PER pre-treatment increases the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Since chloroquine also demonstrated similar adipogenic response, it further highlights that 24 h pre-treatment with autophagy modulators to inhibit basal autophagy primes MSCs towards adipogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julee Verma
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Rai
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Satija
- Systems Toxicology Group, Food, Drug & Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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13
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Korkmaz N, Uğurer O, Örün İ. Toxic effects of the synthetic pyrethroid permethrin on the hematological parameters and antioxidant enzyme systems of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio L. Ecotoxicology 2023:10.1007/s10646-023-02675-2. [PMID: 37300635 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in hematological and antioxidant parameters of carp exposed to two different doses of synthetic pyrethroid permethrin (control, vehicle, 10 ppm, and 20 ppm) for two different periods (4 days and 21 days). Hematological analyses were then performed on a veterinary Ms4 (Melet Schloesing, France) blood counter using commercially available kits (Cat. No. WD1153). Buege and Aust for MDA, Luck for CAT, McCord and Frivovich for SOD, Lawrence and Burk methods for GSH-Px were used to determine antioxidant parameters. Decreases in RBC count, Hb amount, Hct value, granulocyte ratios, and increases in total WBC and lymphocyte ratios were statistically significant in both dose groups treated with permethrin compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in monocyte ratios (p > 0.05). Overall, permethrin exposure caused an increase in MDA levels in the liver and gill tissues of carp in both dose and duration groups compared to the control group. Also, no statistically significant difference between the two dose groups in the liver tissue was observed in terms of duration (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, the increase in MDA levels in PERM10 and PERM20 dose groups in the gill tissues over 21 days was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, permethrin exposure increased CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px enzyme activities in the gill tissue, while impacting in the opposite direction the liver tissue. Finally, regarding MDA, CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px levels, the control, and control acetone dose groups of all experimental groups were observed to be similar (p > 0.05). As a result, permethrin produced a toxic effect on Cyprinus carpio, triggering changes in blood parameters and inducing the antioxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuh Korkmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey.
| | - Orhan Uğurer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Örün
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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14
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Bassi A, Piccolo V, Mazzatenta C. "One-shot" combined therapy with oral ivermectin and local benzyl benzoate: is the current best therapeutic option in the era of permethrin resistant scabies? Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 53:102585. [PMID: 37149241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bassi
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Lucca, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Mazzatenta
- Division of Dermatology, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Lucca, Italy
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15
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Velasco-Amador JP, Prados-Carmona A, Ruiz-Villaverde R. [[Translated article]]RF - Resistance to Permethrin in Scabies Treatment: Does It Really Exist? Actas Dermosifiliogr 2023; 114:T433-T434. [PMID: 37068634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J P Velasco-Amador
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Granada. INST INVEST BIOSANITARIA IBS GRANADA, GRANADA, SPAIN
| | - A Prados-Carmona
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Granada. INST INVEST BIOSANITARIA IBS GRANADA, GRANADA, SPAIN
| | - R Ruiz-Villaverde
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Granada. INST INVEST BIOSANITARIA IBS GRANADA, GRANADA, SPAIN.
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16
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Arslan P. Pyrethroid-induced oxidative stress and biochemical changes in the primary mussel cell cultures. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:48484-48490. [PMID: 36763268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are among the most widely used insecticides. Permethrin and tetramethrin, which are synthetic pyrethroids, are generally used to control insects in agricultural areas and household applications. Due to broad use areas, they contaminate aquatic ecosystems and cause adverse effects to the non-target aquatic organisms. Even though permethrin and tetramethrin are known to alter the oxidative stress parameters of in vivo aquatic animal model organisms, there are limited studies in vitro. This study aims to determine the adverse effects of permethrin and tetramethrin in the in vitro models of freshwater mussels exposed to 1 mg/L, 10 μg/L, 100 ng/L and 1 ng/L concentrations of chemicals for 24 h. For this purpose, reduced glutathione activities were evaluated as biomarkers of the primary gill and digestive gland cell cultures. In both cell cultures, reduced glutathione values increased in the exposed groups, compared to the control group. Even though the results showed that reduced glutathione activities had not significantly changed concentration-dependently (p > 0.05), significant differences were observed in the reduced glutathione activities of both cell cultures (p < 0.05). This study showed that permethrin and tetramethrin had highly toxic effects in the in vitro models of mussels even at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
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17
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Lluch-Galcerá JJ, Carrascosa JM, Boada A. [Translated article] Epidemic Scabies: New Treatment Challenges in an Ancient Disease. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2023; 114:T132-T140. [PMID: 36462668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies which is among the most prevalent diseases worldwide, is becoming more frequent in Spain. The problems of this epidemic can be explained by several factors: improper application or prescription of treatments, resistance or reduced sensitivity to topical treatments, and poor understanding of the parasite and contagion. We require a new evidence-based approach to therapy that takes these problems into consideration. If symptoms persist after proper treatment, it is important to identify the reason for failure and standardize our approach. In refractory cases, the prescriber should prioritize oral medication, indicate a higher dose, combine treatments, or evaluate the use of off-label treatments in certain populations. The availability of new medications, such as spinosad or, especially, moxidectin, offer hope for bringing this disease under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lluch-Galcerá
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J M Carrascosa
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Boada
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Zverev SA, Andreev SV, Sakharov KA, Akhmetshina MB, Istomina LI, Verzhutskaya YA, Shashina NI. Evaluation of the efficacy of permethrin- and cypermethrin-based textile against taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 89:275-286. [PMID: 37017750 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of the efficacy of permethrin- and cypermethrin-based textile against taiga ticks (Ixodes persulcatus) was carried out in a tick-borne viral encephalitis hotspot in the Irkutsk Region (Russia) using model samples of impregnated textiles. We demonstrated that permethrin- and cypermethrin-treated model samples have similar protective parameters in terms of maximum height reached by the tick when climbing up the treated textile (20.9-38.7 cm for cypermethrin, 27.6-39.3 cm for permethrin, depending on concentration) and knockdown time (i.e., the time until a female tick falls off the treated textile; 3.52-4.31 min for cypermethrin, 5.02-8.25 min for permethrin, depending on concentration). In contrast, when evaluating the 'biting speed' index (which is the ratio of the average attaching time of ticks contacting untreated textiles and ticks contacting treated textiles), it has been shown that permethrin-treated textiles accelerate biting. So, using permethrin-treated protective clothing against the taiga tick could be risky because it increases the likelihood of being bitten and thus getting infected. In contrast, cypermethrin-treated textiles appear to block the ability of ticks to attack warm-blooded animals and humans - after contact with cypermethrin-treated textiles none of the ticks attached to a rabbit. So cypermethrin-based textiles could be an alternative to permethrin for tick-bite protection clothing production if there is no toxic effect on humans of textile materials based on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Zverev
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Andreev
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Sakharov
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Marina B Akhmetshina
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila I Istomina
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Verzhutskaya
- Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia I Shashina
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
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19
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Lluch-Galcerá JJ, Carrascosa JM, Boada A. Epidemic Scabies: New Treatment Challenges in an Ancient Disease. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2023; 114:132-140. [PMID: 35963332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scabies, which is among the most prevalent diseases worldwide, is becoming more frequent in Spain. The problems of this epidemic can be explained by several factors: improper application or prescription of treatments, resistance or reduced sensitivity to topical treatments, and poor understanding of the parasite and contagion. We require a new evidence-based approach to therapy that takes these problems into consideration. If symptoms persist after proper treatment, it is important to identify the reason for failure and standardize our approach. In refractory cases, the prescriber should prioritize oral medication, indicate a higher dose, combine treatments, or evaluate the use of off-label treatments in certain populations. The availability of new medications -such as spinosad or, especially, moxidectin- offer hope for bringing this disease under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lluch-Galcerá
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
| | - J M Carrascosa
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - A Boada
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Barcelona, España
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20
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Herzum A, Gariazzo L, Viglizzo G, Garibeh E, Pastorino C, Occella C. A resistant parasitic flare-up amid children in Italy: Comment on "Diagnosis and management of pediatric scabies: Results from a survey on 317 Italian dermatologists". Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 52:102545. [PMID: 36681292 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Herzum
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Lodovica Gariazzo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gianmaria Viglizzo
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Ehab Garibeh
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Pastorino
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
| | - Corrado Occella
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
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21
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Proctor SP, Nguyen VT, Hebert AA, Taylor KM, McClung HL, Heaton KJ, Ospina M, Calafat AM. Individual-level permethrin exposure biomarkers in U.S. army soldiers: comparison of two treatment formulations for military uniforms. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33:132-139. [PMID: 35999257 PMCID: PMC10140735 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that wearing permethrin-treated military uniforms is not associated with current adverse health conditions. However, exposure through this route results in permethrin biomarker concentrations considerably higher than those in the U.S. POPULATION The U.S. Army is exploring different methods of uniform treatment that reduce exposure while maintaining effective protection from insect vector-borne diseases. OBJECTIVE To compare permethrin exposure when wearing two types of permethrin-treated military uniforms. METHODS Eight male soldiers participated in a 32-day crossover design study to compare permethrin exposure when wearing the current Army uniform (CurrU) and a uniform with a new applied fabric treatment (NewU). Each soldier wore the uniforms for designated 8 h/day time periods over 3 consecutive days separated by a 'wash-out' week of no exposure. Permethrin exposure was assessed from the urinary concentrations of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and of the sum of cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (∑DCCA). Estimated dose was determined based on ∑DCCA concentrations. RESULTS Permethrin exposure biomarkers were 21% (3-PBA, p = 0.025) and 35% (∑DCCA, p < 0.001) lower when wearing the NewU compared to the CurrU; the dose was 33% lower (p = 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Findings suggest the new treatment reduces human permethrin exposure biomarkers resulting from wearing-treated military uniforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P Proctor
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, USA.
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Research Service, 180 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - V T Nguyen
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Ashley A Hebert
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Holly L McClung
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Kristin J Heaton
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Velasco-Amador JP, Prados-Carmona A, Ruiz-Villaverde R. RF - Resistance to Permethrin in Scabies Treatment: Does It Really Exist? Actas Dermosifiliogr 2022:S0001-7310(22)01057-2. [PMID: 36567030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2022.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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23
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Ramkumar G, Muthusamy R, Narayanan M, Dhanapal R, Karthik C, Shivakumar M, Malathi G, Kariyanna B. Pretreatment of mosquito larvae with ultraviolet-B and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induces increased sensitivity to permethrin toxicity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11094. [PMID: 36281399 PMCID: PMC9586917 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Nitro-PAH) are highly toxic PHA derivatives. Nitro-PHAs are emitted by carbonaceous materials and PHA post-emission transformation, which causes water and environmental pollution and also exists as carcinogenic and immunotoxic agents. UV light has been shown to cause DNA damage and improves the covalent binding of PAH to DNA significantly. Mosquito breeding grounds are pools of water that can be large open zones or encased ponds with varying levels of sunlight exposure. This research was performed to assess the combined effects of UV-B exposure and Nitro-PAH on the physiological function of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. To assess the impact of UV-B irradiation and Nitro-PAH exposure on mosquito vectors, parameters were examined: (1) Nitro-PAH availability and its impact on cell fatalities; (2) the detoxifying abilities of cytochrome P450, glutathione-S-transferase, and esterase; (3) the reactions to Reactive Oxygen Species; and (4) The resistance of mosquito larvae to three synthetic pesticides (temephos, imidacloprid, and permethrin). UV-B and Nitro-PAH treatment caused cellular damage and increased major detoxification enzymes such as α & β-esterase, cytoP450, CAT, GST, and POX. The levels of oxidative stress, ROS and protein carbonyl content, nitrite, ascorbic acid and thiobarbituric acid were decreased significantly. Toxicology bioassays revealed that UV-B + Nitro-PAH exposure significantly increased larval susceptibility. The current study concludes that prior exposure to Nitro-PAHs and UV-B may make mosquito larvae more vulnerable to chemical insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraju Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India,Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin 30223, GA, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Ranganathan Muthusamy
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institution, Hosur 635130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Dhanapal
- Department of Entomology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chinnannan Karthik
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - M.S. Shivakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindhan Malathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. Kariyanna
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India,Corresponding author.
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24
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Deepika D, Kumar S, Bravo N, Esplugas R, Capodiferro M, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Grimalt JO, Blanco J, Kumar V. Chlorpyrifos, permethrin and cyfluthrin effect on cell survival, permeability, and tight junction in an in-vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:152-162. [PMID: 36167171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional interface between the plasma and the human brain. Predictive BBB in-vitro models like immortalized human capillary microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3) can be used to explore the BBB disruption potential of daily exposed chemicals. The present study was focused on investigating the human BBB permeation potential of one organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), and two pyrethroids, permethrin (PMT) and cyfluthrin (CFT). HCMEC/D3 cells were exposed to the chemical and the time-dependent pass across BBB along with permeation coefficient (Papp) was calculated. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured for the cells to check the monolayer formation and later to check the reduction in integrity after chemical exposure. Real time PCR was conducted to investigate the effect of chemicals on the expression BBB´s tight and adherens junction proteins. Calculated Papp value for three chemicals was in the following order: CPF>CFT>PMT, where CPF showed the highest permeation coefficient. TEER calculation showed that the integrity decreased after CPF exposure which was in concordance with Papp value whereas for other chemicals, no change in TEER after exposure was observed. In addition, the transwell study showed a higher efflux ratio (ER) (>2) of CFT indicating that CFT could be a substrate for active transport. For CPF and PMT, ER was less than 2, so no active transport seems to be involved. The evaluation of the mRNA expression analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in Occludin (OCLN) gene expression for CPF, VE-Cadherin (CDH5) for PMT and Zonula Occludens (ZO1) expression for CFT. Our study showed that CPF has the highest potential for inducing cell death, higher permeation, and capability to induce BBB dysfunction than among the above-mentioned chemicals. Additionally, the results of the permeation study could be useful to build a human PBPK model using in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Bravo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Esplugas
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marco Capodiferro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Aoiadni N, Jdidi H, Feki AE, Fetoui H, Koubaa FG. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox dysfunction in nephrotoxicity induced by pyrethroid permethrin are ameliorated by flavonoid-rich fraction. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:63973-63987. [PMID: 35469380 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the potential anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective potential of ethyl acetate fraction extracted from Fumaria officinalis (EAF) against permethrin (PER). Male wistar rats were treated daily by gavage during 7 days as follows: group C: negative control rats received 2 mL/kg bw of corn oil, group EAF: positive control rats received EAF at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw dissolved in water, group PER: rats received PER at a dose of 34.05 mg/kg bw and group (PER + EAF): rats received PER (34.05 mg/kg bw) and EAF (200 mg/kg bw). In vitro study showed the ability of EAF to inhibit protein denaturation and heat-induced hemolysis confirming its anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo, PER treatment decreased calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in plasma. It induced oxidative stress objectified by an increase in the lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation and a perturbation of antioxidant system in kidney and mitochondria. The activities of NADH-ubiquinone reductase, ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase and cytochrome C oxidase activities were reduced. These alterations were confirmed by histopathological studies. Co-treatment with EAF improved the antioxidant status and mitochondrial bioenergetics. The nephroprotective effects of EAF could be attributed to its modulation of detoxification enzymes and/or free radical scavenging actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissaf Aoiadni
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia.
| | - Hajer Jdidi
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health.LR17ES06, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, 14 BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ghorbel Koubaa
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia, Street of Soukra Km 3.5, BP 1171, 9 3000, Sfax, CP, Tunisia
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El Ayari T, Mhadhbi L, Trigui El Menif N, El Cafsi M. Acute toxicity and teratogenicity of carbaryl (carbamates), tebufenpyrad (pyrazoles), cy permethrin and permethrin (pyrethroids) on the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758) early life stages. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:66125-66135. [PMID: 35501436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of carbaryl, tebufenpyrad, cypermethrin and permethrin was evaluated in European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax during the embryonic and larval development using six different concentrations per chemical. The order of the toxicity effectiveness was carbaryl > tebufenpyrad > cypermethrin > permethrin. The larvae were more sensitive to all tested chemicals than embryos. The LC50 of carbaryl, tebufenpyrad, cypermethrin and permethrin was determined as 13.88, 43.96, 92 and 142 ppm and 9.27, 25.67, 48.4 and 72.7 ppm in embryo and larvae, respectively. Furthermore, the tested pesticides exhibited teratogenic effects on D. labrax embryo-larval stages. The observed malformations were coagulation, no spherical egg, unhatched egg, pericardial oedemata, yolk oedemata, lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, no eye, cranial deformation and body atrophy. Malformations were induced with 0.5 ppm carbaryl, 10 ppm tebufenpyrad and 50 ppm cypermethrin and permethrin; the highest rates of malformation were noted with 16 ppm carbaryl, 160 ppm tebufenpyrad, 400 ppm cypermethrin and 400 ppm permethrin as 34.5%, 28%, 17.5% and 16%, respectively. A positive correlation between the incidence of malformation and the increase of pesticide concentration was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani El Ayari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-Monitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia.
| | - Lazhar Mhadhbi
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najoua Trigui El Menif
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Environment Bio-Monitoring, Group of Fundamental and Applied Malacology (LEB/GFAM), University of Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Department of Biology, Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Singh S, Mukherjee A, Jaiswal DK, de Araujo Pereira AP, Prasad R, Sharma M, Kuhad RC, Shukla AC, Verma JP. Advances and future prospects of pyrethroids: Toxicity and microbial degradation. Sci Total Environ 2022; 829:154561. [PMID: 35296421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides structurally similar to that of natural pyrethrins. The application of pyrethrins in agriculture and pest control lead to many kinds of environmental pollution affecting human health and loss of soil microbial population that affect soil fertility and health. Natural pyrethrins have been used since ancient times as insect repellers, and their synthetic versions especially type 2 pyrethroids could be highly toxic to humans. PBO (Piperonyl butoxide) is known to enhance the toxicity of prallethrin in humans due to the resistance in its metabolic degradation. Pyrethroids are also known to cause plasma biochemical profile changes in humans and they also lead to the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species. Further they are also known to increase SGPT activity in humans. Due to the toxicity of pyrethrins in water bodies, soils, and food products, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable approaches to reduce their levels in the respective fields, which are eco-friendly, economically viable, and socially acceptable for on-site remediation. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to analyse the advances and prospects in using pyrethrins and possible technologies to control their harmful effects. The pyrethroid types, composition and biochemistry of necessary pyrethroid insecticides have been discussed in detail, in the research paper, along with their effect on insects and humans. It also covers the impact of pyrethroids on different plants and soil microbial flora. The second part deals with the microbial degradation of the pyrethroids through different modes, i.e., bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Many microbes such as Acremonium, Aspergillus, Microsphaeropsis, Westerdykella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus have been used in the individual form for the degradation of pyrethroids, while some of them such as Bacillus are even used in the form of consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Singh
- Plant Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Arpan Mukherjee
- Plant Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | | | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, East Champaran, 845401, Bihar, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India; Laboratoire de "Chimie verte et Produits Biobasés", Haute Ecole Provinciale du Hainaut- Condorcet, Département AgroBioscience et Chimie, 11, Rue de la Sucrerie, 7800 ATH, Belgium
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon-Badli Road Chandu, Budhera, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | | | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Plant Microbe Interaction Lab, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Derby AP, Huff Hartz KE, Fuller NW, Landrum PF, Reeve JD, Poynton HC, Connon RE, Lydy MJ. Effects of temperature and salinity on bioconcentration and toxicokinetics of permethrin in pyrethroid-resistant Hyalella azteca. Chemosphere 2022; 299:134393. [PMID: 35337826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated pyrethroid resistance associated with voltage-gated sodium channel mutations in populations of the epibenthic amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Resistant populations were able to tolerate and bioconcentrate pyrethroids at concentrations significantly higher than toxic levels for non-resistant populations. In conjunction with elevated bioconcentration potential, environmental alteration particularly as a result of global climate change is anticipated to significantly alter abiotic parameters including temperature and salinity. These changes are expected to influence uptake and biotransformation of contaminants. Thus, the aims of the current study were a) to examine the bioconcentration potential of permethrin in two pyrethroid-resistant clades of H. azteca and b) assess the influence of temperature and salinity changes on toxicokinetic parameters. Two pyrethroid-resistant clades of H. azteca were exposed to 14C-permethrin at three salinities (0.2, 1.0 and 6.0 practical salinity units (PSU)) and temperatures (18, 23 and 28 °C). Tests were conducted for up to 36 h and uptake, elimination and biotransformation rates were calculated. Both populations demonstrated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) between five and seven times greater than published data for non-resistant H. azteca, with significant differences between clades. Calculated BCF values were comparable to field populations of resistant H. azteca, emphasizing the potential for elevated pyrethroid bioconcentration in the natural environment and increased exposure for predators consuming pyrethroid-resistant aquatic invertebrates. Alterations to temperature and salinity had no statistically significant effect on uptake or parent compound half-life in either population, though biotransformation was elevated at higher temperatures in both populations. Salinity had a variable effect between the two populations, with lower BCF values at 1.0 PSU in clade D H. azteca and greater BCFs at 6.0 PSU in clade C H. azteca. This is the first study to demonstrate the potential for future climate scenarios to influence toxicokinetics in pyrethroid-resistant aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Derby
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Neil W Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Peter F Landrum
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - John D Reeve
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Helen C Poynton
- School for the Environment; University of Massachusetts; Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Omotayo AI, Ande AT, Oduola AO, Adelaja OJ, Adesalu O, Jimoh TR, Ghazali AI, Awolola ST. Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in urban population of Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: culicidae) from Lagos, South-West Nigeria. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106291. [PMID: 34958768 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health challenge in Africa with Nigeria accounting for the highest burden of the disease in the world. Vector control has proved to be a highly effective component of malaria control, however, the development and spread of insecticide resistance in major vectors of malaria have been a major challenge. This study assessed resistance mechanisms in Anopheles coluzzii populations from Kosofe, Lagos mainland and Ojo Local Government Areas in Lagos, Nigeria where An. gambiae s.l is resistant to DDT and Permethrin. WHO susceptibility bioassay test was used in determining resistance status of An. coluzzii to discriminating doses of DDT and Permethrin while synergist assay was used to assess the involvement of monooxygenases in resistance development. Sub-species of An. gambiae s.l (An. gambiae and An. coluzzii) were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) while Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) assay was used to detect knockdown mutation (kdr-West; L1014F). Biochemical assays were used in determining the activities of metabolic enzymes. High DDT resistance was recorded in An. coluzzii populations from the three sites. Mortality rate of mosquitoes exposed confirmed Permethrin resistance in Kosofe (50%) and Lagos mainland (48%) but resistance was suspected in Ojo (96%). All specimens tested were confirmed as An. coluzzii with low kdr frequency; 11.6%, 16.4% and 6.7% in Kosofe, Lagos mainland and Ojo respectively. Pre-exposure to synergist (PBO) before exposure to Permethrin led to increased mortality in all populations. Esterase activity was insignificantly overexpressed in Kosofe (p = 0.849) and Lagos mainland (p = 0.229) populations. In contrast, GST activity was significantly lower in populations from Lagos mainland (63.650 ± 9.861; p = 0.007) and Ojo (91.765 ± 4.959; p = 0.042) than Kisumu susceptible strains (120.250 ± 13.972). Monooxygenase activity was higher in Lagos mainland (2.371 ± 0.261) and Ojo (1.361 ± 0.067) populations, albeit significantly in Lagos mainland (p = 0.007) only. Presence of target-site mutation in all populations, increased mortality with pre-exposure to PBO and elevated monooxygenase in Lagos mainland population were confirmed. Multiple resistance mechanisms in some urban populations of An. coluzzii from Lagos, Nigeria calls for appropriate resistance management strategies.
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Boyce RM, Muhindo E, Baguma E, Muhindo R, Shem B, François R, Hawke S, Shook-Sa BE, Ntaro M, Nalusaji A, Nyehangane D, Reyes R, Juliano JJ, Siedner MJ, Staedke SG, Mulogo EM. Permethrin-treated baby wraps for the prevention of malaria: results of a randomized controlled pilot study in rural Uganda. Malar J 2022; 21:63. [PMID: 35197060 PMCID: PMC8864600 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04086-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progress against malaria has stalled and may even be slipping backwards in high-burden countries. This is due to a range of factors including insecticide resistance and mosquito feeding behaviours that limit contact with widely-employed interventions including long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor-residual spraying. Thus, further innovations in malaria control are urgently needed. Methods The pilot was a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of permethrin-treated baby wraps—known locally as lesus—in children 6–18 months of age at a single site in rural western Uganda. Fifty mother–infant pairs were assigned to permethrin-treated or untreated lesus in a 1:1 allocation. Participants and clinical staff were blinded to group assignments through use of sham treatment and re-treatment of lesus. Participants attended scheduled clinic visits every 2 weeks for a total 12 weeks. The primary outcome of interest was the safety of the intervention, assessed as changes in the frequency of use, rates of discontinuation, and incidence of adverse events, such as skin rash. Secondary outcomes included acceptability and feasibility of the intervention as measured through participant satisfaction and completion of study activities, respectively. Results Overall, rates of retention and participation were relatively high with 86.0% (43 of 50) of participants completing all scheduled visits, including 18 (75.0%) and 25 (96.2%) in the intervention and control arms respectively. By the conclusion of the 12-week follow-up period, one adverse event (0.35 events per 100 person-weeks, one-sided 95% CI 0.0–1.65) was reported. Satisfaction with the lesu was high in both groups. In each study arm, there were five incident RDT positive results, but the only PCR-positive results were observed in the control group (n = 2). Conclusions Permethrin-treated baby wraps were well-tolerated and broadly acceptable. Adverse events were infrequent and mild. These findings support future trials seeking to determine the efficacy of treated wraps to prevent P. falciparum malaria infection in young children as a complementary tool to existing household-based interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04102592, Registered 25 September 2019. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04102592 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-022-04086-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Boyce
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin Street, Suite 230, RM 2151, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Enid Muhindo
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Baguma
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Rabbison Muhindo
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Bwambale Shem
- Bugoye Level III Health Center, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kasese, Uganda
| | - Ruthly François
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sam Hawke
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bonnie E Shook-Sa
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Moses Ntaro
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Dan Nyehangane
- Epicentre Mbarara Research Centre, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Raquel Reyes
- Division of Hospital Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan J Juliano
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 West Franklin Street, Suite 230, RM 2151, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah G Staedke
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Edgar M Mulogo
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Gichuki PM, Kamau L, Njagi K, Karoki S, Muigai N, Matoke-Muhia D, Bayoh N, Mathenge E, Yadav RS. Bioefficacy and durability of Olyset ® Plus, a permethrin and piperonyl butoxide-treated insecticidal net in a 3-year long trial in Kenya. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:135. [PMID: 34930459 PMCID: PMC8691082 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) are a core malaria intervention. LLINs should retain efficacy against mosquito vectors for a minimum of three years. Efficacy and durability of Olyset® Plus, a permethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) treated LLIN, was evaluated versus permethrin treated Olyset® Net. In the absence of WHO guidelines of how to evaluate PBO nets, and considering the manufacturer's product claim, Olyset® Plus was evaluated as a pyrethroid LLIN. METHODS This was a household randomized controlled trial in a malaria endemic rice cultivation zone of Kirinyaga County, Kenya between 2014 and 2017. Cone bioassays and tunnel tests were done against Anopheles gambiae Kisumu. The chemical content, fabric integrity and LLIN survivorship were monitored. Comparisons between nets were tested for significance using the Chi-square test. Exact binomial distribution with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was used for percentages. The WHO efficacy criteria used were ≥ 95% knockdown and/or ≥ 80% mortality rate in cone bioassays and ≥ 80% mortality and/or ≥ 90% blood-feeding inhibition in tunnel tests. RESULTS At 36 months, Olyset® Plus lost 52% permethrin and 87% PBO content; Olyset® Net lost 24% permethrin. Over 80% of Olyset® Plus and Olyset® Net passed the WHO efficacy criteria for LLINs up to 18 and 12 months, respectively. At month 36, 91.2% Olyset® Plus and 86.4% Olyset® Net survived, while 72% and 63% developed at least one hole. The proportionate Hole Index (pHI) values representing nets in good, serviceable and torn condition were 49.6%, 27.1% and 23.2%, respectively for Olyset® Plus, and 44.9%, 32.8% and 22.2%, respectively for Olyset® Net but were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Olyset® Plus retained efficacy above or close to the WHO efficacy criteria for about 2 years than Olyset® Net (1-1.5 years). Both nets did not meet the 3-year WHO efficacy criteria, and showed little attrition, comparable physical durability and survivorship, with 50% of Olyset® Plus having good and serviceable condition after 3 years. Better community education on appropriate use and upkeep of LLINs is essential to ensure effectiveness of LLIN based malaria interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Gichuki
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. .,School of Health Sciences, Meru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya.
| | - Luna Kamau
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kiambo Njagi
- Division of National Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Solomon Karoki
- Division of National Malaria Programme, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Njoroge Muigai
- Department of Health, Kirinyaga County, Kirinyaga, Kenya
| | - Damaris Matoke-Muhia
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nabie Bayoh
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Evan Mathenge
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rajpal S Yadav
- Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Haghighizadeh A, Mortezanejad SAF, Dadpour S, Rajabi O. Evaluation of anti-lice topical lotion of ozonated olive oil and comparison of its effect with permethrin shampoo. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 17:58-67. [PMID: 34856913 DOI: 10.2174/1574887116666211202122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediculosis is an infestation of lice affecting mostly children and spreads by direct contact with the hair of someone infected. Although topical application of a pediculicide such as permethrin shampoo is the most common cure for head lice, the addition of alternative treatments is necessary due to permethrin resistance and some safety concerns, including irritation, burning sensation, tingling, and breathing problems. Recent studies have indicated that ozone, which is an allotropic form of oxygen, may have anti-pediculosis effects. OBJECTIVE This study focused on the evaluation of an ozonated olive oil topical lotion for the treatment of pediculosis and the comparison of its effects with permethrin shampoo. METHODS 121 patients with proven head pediculosis were divided into two groups. They were treated with either topical ozonated olive oil lotion or permethrin shampoo for one week. RESULTS It was shown that the ozonation process enormously improved the physico-chemical properties of olive oil. Specifically, acid and peroxide values increased 60 fold and 200 fold, respectively, while there was a sharp decline for the iodine index (81.8±1.28 to 0 g iodine per 100 g). Additionally, all patients who received the ozonated olive oil lotion were entirely cured after one week of treatment, while those who were treated with permethrin, required to receive more. Statistical analysis of the data also proved this claim. CONCLUSION The prepared lotion has shown significant effects in controlling head lice. Thus, it can be prescribed as an effective anti-pediculosis medicine which is biocompatible and has high potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saba Dadpour
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of pharmaceutical control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Iran
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Msellemu D, Ross A, Temu L, Moshi I, Hofer L, Mwanziva C, Kohi YM, Moore SJ. Effect of interventions to reduce malaria incidence among military personnel on active duty: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of the impact of etofenprox-treated uniforms, permethrin-treated uniforms and DEET insect repellent. Trials 2021; 22:825. [PMID: 34802455 PMCID: PMC8607639 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is strong evidence that bite protection methods such as permethrin-treated clothing and topical insect repellents are protective against insect bites, there are few studies assessing the impact on malaria infection. This study will estimate the protective efficacy of treated uniforms and DEET insect repellent on the incidence of malaria infection among military personnel in an operational setting. Permethrin-treated uniforms used with DEET lotion will be compared to etofenprox-treated uniforms with DEET lotion. The effect of DEET lotion will be estimated by comparing permethrin-treated uniforms with DEET or placebo lotion. METHOD A cluster randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial is planned to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions on preventing malaria infections in soldiers on active duty at Mgambo National Service Camp in Tanga, Tanzania. The arms are (1) permethrin-treated uniform with 30% DEET liposome formula; (2) permethrin-treated uniform with placebo lotion; (3) candidate insect repellent system, i.e. etofenprox-treated uniform with 30% DEET liposome formula; and (4) placebo, i.e. untreated uniforms with placebo lotion. The primary outcome is the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by active case detection using surveys every 2 weeks for 12 months. Rapid diagnostic tests will be used for the diagnosis of participants with symptoms. The unit of randomisation will be combania: companies formed by recruits aged 18 to 25 years; combania do activities together and sleep in the same dormitory. Unequal randomisation will be used to optimise statistical power for the primary comparison between permethrin-treated uniforms with DEET and etofenprox-treated uniforms with DEET. DISCUSSION This trial will provide the estimate of the effects of permethrin with DEET compared to those of the new fabric treatment etofenprox with DEET and any additional effect of using DEET. The results will inform strategies to protect military personnel and civilians who have more outdoor or occupational malaria exposure than the general public. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02938975 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Msellemu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Ross
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucky Temu
- HJF Medical Research International (HJFMRI), Walter Reed Program, Tanzania, P.O. Box 13303, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Irene Moshi
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Lorenz Hofer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Mwanziva
- Tanzania People’s Defence Force, Magore Upanga, P.O. Box 9203, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yadon M. Kohi
- Tanzania People’s Defence Force, Magore Upanga, P.O. Box 9203, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sarah J. Moore
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Jiang S, Bloomquist JR. Enhanced pyrethroid potency in Drosophila melanogaster expressing voltage-gated potassium channel mutants: Insecticidal activity and neuronal action. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021; 178:104940. [PMID: 34446207 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that blockers of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, such as 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and 2-methoxy-N-((1-phenylcyclopentyl)methyl)benzamide (2-MPB) synergized pyrethroid toxicity as well, or better than, piperonyl butoxide. The present study assessed the involvement of different Kv channels as possible pyrethroid synergist targets in Drosophila melanogaster. Three Kv1 mutants (Sh5, Sh133, and ShM) and one Kv2 mutant (Shab3) were tested. All Kv1 mutant flies showed increased sensitivity to permethrin in topical and glass contact toxicity assays, of 2- to 11-fold. Central nervous system (CNS) recordings of larval D. melanogaster showed a similar pattern of increased sensitivity. Potentiated effects were also observed with deltamethrin on the mutants Sh5 (30- to 35-fold) and Sh133 (33- to 47-fold), but the mutant ShM showed little change in sensitivity. In contrast, the Shab3 strain showed toxicity and physiological effects of both pyrethroids that were similar to the susceptible OR strain. Thus, some K+ channel mutations mimicked the synergistic effect of channel blockers. Additional studies showed that Shab3 had the highest sensitivity to 4-AP in topical assays, and the Shaker-null mutants, ShM and Sh133 showed greater sensitivity to 2-MPB in CNS recordings of larval D. melanogaster. These results suggest that Kv1 channels are a useful synergist target for pyrethroids, as assessed both in whole insects and at the level of the nervous system. Thus, Kv1-targeting compounds can potentially serve as insect control tools to reduce pyrethroid use via synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Jiang
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Günal AÇ, Tunca SK, Arslan P, Gül G, Dinçel AS. How does sublethal permethrin effect non-target aquatic organisms? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:52405-52417. [PMID: 34009577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin is belonged to pyrethroids that are one of the substances developed as an alternative to pesticides. Permethrin, which is used especially in agriculture, can bioaccumulate in the water and sediment when mixed into aquatic ecosystems. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this substance on aquatic organisms other than the target organism. The aim of this study was the determination of acute and sublethal effects as antioxidant enzyme levels on different organs and hemolymph biochemistry of the non-target aquatic organism, narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), after exposure to permethrin, one of the synthetic pyrethroid pesticides, contaminating aquatic ecosystems due to its increase usage. The invertebrate model organism, the narrow-clawed crayfish, was selected for its bioindicator role in food webs as planktivorous grazers epibenthic scavengers and good alternative models in ecotoxicology studies with the importance in conservation of freshwater ecosystems. The 96-h LC50 value of permethrin to experimental species was estimated as 0.903 μg/L (95% CI = 0.5042-2.2734 μg/L) with probit analysis method. The sublethal concentration of the permethrin was determined by 1/10 of 96-h LC50 values as 0.09 μg/L. There were two control (negative and acetone) groups in the experiment. The sampling of hemolymph and the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and muscle) were done 48 h and 96 h after exposure of the permethrin. The total hemocyte counts significantly increased in the 96-h exposed group of permethrin (p<0.05). Among the hemolymph biochemical parameters, the hemolymph potassium and chloride values increased statistically (p<0.05). Malondialdehyde levels (MDA) of gills and muscle were significantly increased, whereas the MDA level of the hepatopancreas was significantly decreased at the end of the experiment (p<0.05). Hyperplasia in the lamella was recorded in gills, while the degenerations of the hepatopancreas tissues were observed. According to obtained results, permethrin was extremely toxic as acutely to narrow-clawed crayfish and also effected at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Çağlan Günal
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Environmental Sciences Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seçil Kayiran Tunca
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Environmental Sciences Department, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Arslan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18200, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Göktuğ Gül
- Health Services Vocational School, Environmental Health and Environmental Sciences Program, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Park SK, Lee HJ, Song E, Kim Y, Kim DY, Lee JH, Yoo HJ, Oh JE, Kwon JH. Exposure to permethrin used as a home insecticide: A case study comparing model predictions and excretion of metabolites. Environ Int 2021; 155:106581. [PMID: 33910076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids have been widely used as an active ingredient in home insecticide products since the 1960 s. Although their occurrence in indoor environments has been studied, the contribution of home insecticide application to the aggregate exposure to pyrethroids is not well known. The objective of this study was to estimate the consumer exposure to permethrin, a representative pyrethroid, via the use of home insecticide spray during the summer season using biomonitoring and personal exposure modeling. Exposure to permethrin was assessed by analyzing its urinary metabolites, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropan carboxylic acid (cis/trans-DCCA), for a group of consumers (n = 27). The levels of metabolites were also compared with those predicted by a screening exposure model considering personal exposure parameters. The levels of metabolites in 15 participants increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the application of home insecticide products, thereby suggesting that the heavy use of home insecticides during summer could be an important exposure route of permethrin in addition to other sources, such as food consumption. The total amount of excreted 3-PBA and cis/trans-DCCA was lower than the amount estimated by the exposure model for most participants by a factor of 0.9-861.0. These differences could be attributed to the rapid loss of permethrin after application, including sorption to indoor surfaces, reaction with indoor substances, individual biological variations, and ventilation during application. However, the screening exposure model used for the initial safety assessment of biocidal products generally performed well because it did not underestimate the personal exposure to permethrin during the application of home insecticide spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Kyung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jun Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Song
- Department of Consumer Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsub Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yung Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Lee
- EH R&C, Environmental Research Center, 410 Jeongseojin-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoo
- Department of Consumer Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Feriani A, Bizzarri M, Tir M, Aldawood N, Alobaid H, Allagui MS, Dahmash W, Tlili N, Mnafgui K, Alwasel S, Harrath AH. High-fat diet-induced aggravation of cardiovascular impairment in permethrin-treated Wistar rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 222:112461. [PMID: 34224971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the impact of post-weaning high-fat diet (HFD) and/or permethrin (PER) treatment on heart dysfunction and fibrosis, as well as atherogenic risk, in rats by investigating interactions between HFD and PER. Our results revealed that HFD and/or PER induced remarkable cardiotoxicity by promoting cardiac injury, biomarker leakage into the plasma and altering heart rate and electrocardiogram pattern, as well as plasma ion levels. HFD and/or PER increased plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels but significantly reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Cardiac content of peroxidation malonaldehyde, protein carbonyls, and reactive oxygen species were remarkably elevated, while glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were inhibited in animals receiving a HFD and/or PER. Furthermore, cardiac DNA fragmentation and upregulation of Bax and caspase-3 gene expression supported the ability of HFD and/or PER to induce apoptosis and inflammation in rat hearts. High cardiac TGF-β1 expression explained the profibrotic effects of PER either with the standard diet or HFD. Masson's Trichrome staining clearly demonstrated that HFD and PER could cause cardiac fibrosis. Additionally, increased oxidized LDL and the presence of several lipid droplets in arterial tissues highlighted the atherogenic effects of HFD and/or PER in rats. Such PER-induced cardiac and vascular dysfunctions were aggravated by and associated with a HFD, implying that obese individuals may be more vulnerable to PER exposure. Collectively, post-weaning exposure to HFD and/or PER may promote heart failure and fibrosis, demonstrating the pleiotropic effects of exposure to environmental factors early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Feriani
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Sapienza University of Rome, Dept of Experimental Medicine, Syst Biol Grp Lab, Rome, Italy
| | - Meriam Tir
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Aquatiques, LR18ES41, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis EL Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nouf Aldawood
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussah Alobaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed Dahmash
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Université de Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Kais Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Hamedanian L, Nadoshan MRS, Vatandoost H, Baniardalani M, Rafinejad J. Evaluation of Efficiency of Ivermectin Lotion in Comparison with Permethrin Shampoo and Dimethicone Lotion for Treatment of Head Lice ( Pediculus humanus capitis) in Areas Covered by Health Centers of Islamshahr City, Tehran, Iran in 2019. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2021; 15:325-332. [PMID: 36579000 PMCID: PMC9759447 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v15i3.9820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head lice infestation is known as a serious health problem in developing and developed countries. The prevalence of pediculosis in children and females is higher than others. The infestation may cause the absence of student from school and make their parents upset. The aim of current study was to evaluate the WHO recommended insecticides for control of head lice in Islamshahr health center. Methods In the current study infested individuals were older than 6 years old and have been diagnosed with at least 3 head lice adult and 10 live nits from less than 0.7 cm scalp. The pediculicides was applied randomly among groups. Permethrin shampoo as a golden standard was used. Dimethicone lotion 4% and Ivermectin lotion was compared with it. This study was conducted on 179 infested people. Results of infestation were evaluated after one month of intervention. Different indicators such as: present of head lice adult or live nit, redness and irritation in head skin were invested. Results All the participants were female and 72.6% of them were in the age group of 6-11. The result revealed that aging not only decreases the infection rate but also raised the recovery percentage. The results showed that 79.5% permethrin receiver, 83% of people who treated with Dimethicone lotion and 90.6% of Ivermectin receiver had no head lice. There was no significant difference among these three pediculicides. Conclusion There was no significant difference among tested pediculicides. An appropriate pediculicide can be selected by training people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hamedanian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Salmani Nadoshan
- Department of Health, South Tehran Health Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr. Javad Rafinejad, E-mail: Dr. Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail:
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr. Javad Rafinejad, E-mail: Dr. Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail:
| | - Mojgan Baniardalani
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Rafinejad
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Dr. Javad Rafinejad, E-mail: Dr. Hassan Vatandoost, E-mail:
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Lebon W, Meyer L, Akki FE, Madder M, Beugnet F. Efficacy of a single administration of afoxolaner (NexGard®) or fipronil plus permethrin (Frontline® Tri-Act) against Hyalomma marginatum ticks in dogs. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 25:100606. [PMID: 34474799 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the acaricidal efficacy of afoxolaner (NexGard®, Boehringer Ingelheim), and fipronil - permethrin (Frontline® Tri-Act, Boehringer Ingelheim) administered once to dogs experimentally infested with Hyalomma marginatum ticks. Twenty-four Beagle dogs were randomly allocated based on a pre-treatment H. marginatum infestation to an untreated control group, a NexGard® or a Frontline® Tri-Act treated groups. Treatments were administered once on Day 0 as per the products' labels. For the efficacy evaluation, dogs were experimentally infested with 30 adult H. marginatum ticks on Days -2, 7, 28 and 36. In-situ counts were performed at 48 h post-treatment on Day 2 and post-infestations on Days 9, 30 and 38. Ticks were removed and counted at 72 h post-treatment on Day 3 and after each tick infestation on Days 10, 31 and 39. The numbers of live ticks counted in the treated groups were significantly different than in the control group at all time-points (p ≤ 0.0006). The efficacy was at least 97% after 48 h, and at least 99% after 72 h for both treatments. In this study both afoxolaner and fipronil/permethrin formulations demonstrated a high efficacy against adult H. marginatum ticks in treated dogs for at least five weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Lebon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Leon Meyer
- Clinvet, BP 301, CP 28815 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | | | - Maxime Madder
- ClinVet, PO Box 11186, Universitas, 9321 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Fréderic Beugnet
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France.
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Carpenter JM, Brown KA, Diaz AN, Dockman RL, Benbow RA, Harn DA, Norberg T, Wagner JJ, Filipov NM. Delayed treatment with the immunotherapeutic LNFPIII ameliorates multiple neurological deficits in a pesticide-nerve agent prophylactic mouse model of Gulf War Illness. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107012. [PMID: 34256162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Residual effects of the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW) still plague veterans 30 years later as Gulf War Illness (GWI). Thought to stem mostly from deployment-related chemical overexposures, GWI is a disease with multiple neurological symptoms with likely immunological underpinnings. Currently, GWI remains untreatable, and the long-term neurological disease manifestation is not characterized fully. The present study sought to expand and evaluate the long-term implications of prior GW chemicals exposure on neurological function 6-8 months post GWI-like symptomatology induction. Additionally, the beneficial effects of delayed treatment with the glycan immunotherapeutic lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) were evaluated. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent a 10-day combinational exposure (i.p.) to GW chemicals, the nerve agent prophylactic pyridostigmine bromide (PB) and the insecticide permethrin (PM; 0.7 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). Beginning 4 months after PB/PM exposure, a subset of the mice were treated twice a week until study completion with LNFPIII. Evaluation of cognition/memory, motor function, and mood was performed beginning 1 month after LNFPIII treatment initiation. Prior exposure to PB/PM produced multiple locomotor, neuromuscular, and sensorimotor deficits across several motor tests. Subtle anxiety-like behavior was also present in PB/PM mice in mood tests. Further, PB/PM-exposed mice learned at a slower rate, mostly during early phases of the learning and memory tests employed. LNFPIII treatment restored or improved many of these behaviors, particularly in motor and cognition/memory domains. Electrophysiology data collected from hippocampal slices 8 months post PB/PM exposure revealed modest aberrations in basal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in the dorsal or ventral hippocampus that were improved by LNFPIII treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a dopaminergic marker, did not detect major PB/PM effects along the nigrostriatal pathway, but LNFPIII increased striatal TH. Additionally, neuroinflammatory cells were increased in PB/PM mice, an effect reduced by LNFPIII. Collectively, long-term neurobehavioral and neurobiological dysfunction associated with prior PB/PM exposure was characterized; delayed LNFPIII treatment provided multiple behavioral and biological beneficial effects in the context of GWI, highlighting its potential as a GWI therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Carpenter
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kyle A Brown
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Alexa N Diaz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Rachel L Dockman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Robert A Benbow
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Donald A Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Center for Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Thomas Norberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John J Wagner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is estimated to have affected about one third of the Veterans who participated in the first Persian Gulf War. The symptoms of GWI include chronic neurologic impairments, chronic fatigue syndrome, as well as fibromyalgia and immune system disorders, collectively referred to as chronic multi-symptom illness. Thirty years after the war, we still do not have an effective treatment for GWI. It is necessary to understand the molecular basis of the symptoms of GWI in order to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies. Cellular energetics are critical to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, a process that is highly dependent on intact mitochondrial function and there is significant evidence from both human studies and animal models that mitochondrial impairments may lead to GWI symptoms. The available clinical and pre-clinical data suggest that agents that improve mitochondrial function have the potential to restore cellular energetics and treat GWI. To date, the experiments conducted in animal models of GWI have mainly focused on neurobehavioral aspects of the illness. Additional studies to address the fundamental biological processes that trigger the dysregulation of cellular energetics in GWI are warranted to better understand the underlying pathology and to develop new treatment methods. This review highlights studies related to mitochondrial dysfunction observed in both GW veterans and in animal models of GWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Pillai Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States.
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
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Endersby-Harshman NM, Ali A, Alhumrani B, Alkuriji MA, Al-Fageeh MB, Al-Malik A, Alsuabeyl MS, Elfekih S, Hoffmann AA. Voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) mutations associated with pyrethroid insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from two districts of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: baseline information for a Wolbachia release program. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:361. [PMID: 34247634 PMCID: PMC8273952 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue suppression often relies on control of the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, through applications of insecticides of which the pyrethroid group has played a dominant role. Insecticide resistance is prevalent in Ae. aegypti around the world, and the resulting reduction of insecticide efficacy is likely to exacerbate the impact of dengue. Dengue has been a public health problem in Saudi Arabia, particularly in Jeddah, since its discovery there in the 1990s, and insecticide use for vector control is widespread throughout the city. An alternative approach to insecticide use, based on blocking dengue transmission in mosquitoes by the endosymbiont Wolbachia, is being trialed in Jeddah following the success of this approach in Australia and Malaysia. Knowledge of insecticide resistance status of mosquito populations in Jeddah is a prerequisite for establishing a Wolbachia-based dengue control program as releases of Wolbachia mosquitoes succeed when resistance status of the release population is similar to that of the wild population. Methods WHO resistance bioassays of mosquitoes with deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT were used in conjunction with TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays to characterize mutation profiles of Ae. aegypti. Results Screening of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc), the pyrethroid target site, revealed mutations at codons 989, 1016 and 1534 in Ae. aegypti from two districts of Jeddah. The triple mutant homozygote (1016G/1534C/989P) was confirmed from Al Safa and Al Rawabi. Bioassays with pyrethroids (Type I and II) and DDT showed that mosquitoes were resistant to each of these compounds based on WHO definitions. An association between Vssc mutations and resistance was established for the Type II pyrethroid, deltamethrin, with one genotype (989P/1016G/1534F) conferring a survival advantage over two others (989S/1016V/1534C and the triple heterozygote). An indication of synergism of Type I pyrethroid activity with piperonyl butoxide suggests that detoxification by cytochrome P450s accounts for some of the pyrethroid resistance response in Ae. aegypti populations from Jeddah. Conclusions The results provide a baseline for monitoring and management of resistance as well as knowledge of Vssc genotype frequencies required in Wolbachia release populations to ensure homogeneity with the target field population. Vssc mutation haplotypes observed show some similarity with those from Ae. aegypti in southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific, but the presence of the triple mutant haplotype in three genotypes indicates that the species in this region may have a unique population history. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04867-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Endersby-Harshman
- PEARG, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - AboElgasim Ali
- King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Alhumrani
- King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abdulaziz Al-Malik
- King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Samia Elfekih
- PEARG, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CSIRO, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- PEARG, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Guberman VerPloeg SL, Clark AE, Yoon S, Hildebrandt Ruiz L, Sheesley RJ, Usenko S. Assessing the atmospheric fate of pesticides used to control mosquito populations in Houston, TX. Chemosphere 2021; 275:129951. [PMID: 33662722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the summer months, urban areas are literal hot spots of mosquito-borne disease transmission and air pollution. Public health authorities release aerosolized pesticides directly into the atmosphere to help control adult mosquito populations and thereby reduce the threat of diseases, such as Zika Virus. The primary adulticides (i.e. pesticides used to control adult mosquito populations) in Houston, TX are permethrin and malathion. These adulticides are typically sprayed at night using ultra-low volume sprayers. Particulate matter (PM) samples including total suspended and fine PM (PM < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) were collected at four ground-based sites across Houston in 2013 and include daytime, nighttime, and 24 h samples. Malathion is initially sprayed as coarse aerosol (5-25 μm), but is measured in fine aerosol (<2.5 μm) and coarse aerosol in the urban atmosphere. Particle size is relevant both for deposition velocities and for human exposure. Atmospheric permethrin concentrations measured in nighttime samples peak at 60 ng m-3, while malathion nighttime concentrations peak near 40 ng m-3. Malaoxon, an oxidation product of malathion, was also frequently detected at concentrations >10 ng m-3, indicating significant nighttime oxidation. Based on the loss of malathion and the increase in malaoxon, the atmospheric half-life of malathion in Houston was estimated at <12 h, which was significantly shorter than previous half-life estimates (∼days). Importantly, malaoxon is estimated to be 22-33 times more toxic to humans than malathion. Both the aerosol size and the half-life are critical for mosquito control, human exposure, and risk assessment of these routine pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adelaide E Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Subin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Sascha Usenko
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
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Martins TG, Chiapetta SC, Cassella RJ. Extraction of permethrin from impregnated fabrics for determination by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:483-489. [PMID: 33985417 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1913014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that is largely used in the impregnation of fabrics employed for different purposes. This paper reports a detailed study on the conditions for its extraction from fabrics and for its determination by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UHPLC-DAD). Several parameters that could affect the extraction efficiency of permethrin were evaluated, such as the extraction time, agitating mode (mechanical or ultrasound-assisted), solvent type (methanol or acetonitrile), concentration, and volume. Under optimized conditions, the extraction was performed for 10 min using a 2 × 2 cm piece of impregnated fabric and 5 mL of pure methanol. The flask containing the sample and the solvent was shaken mechanically using a horizontal roller mixer. The accuracy of the method was assessed by a recovery test, which presented satisfactory results ranging from 86.8% to 95.2%. The method was employed in the analysis of nine samples of commercial fabrics of different colors and grammages that were impregnated with permethrin. The concentration of permethrin found in these samples varied between 25.6 ± 4.2 and 934 ± 119 mg m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayene G Martins
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone C Chiapetta
- Divisão de Química Analítica, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Praça Mauá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Cassella
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Brown KA, Preston CJ, Carpenter JM, Ludwig HD, Norberg T, Harn DA, Filipov NM, Wagner JJ. Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII) ameliorates acute aberrations in hippocampal synaptic transmission in a Gulf War Illness animal model. Brain Res 2021; 1766:147513. [PMID: 33961896 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of Persian Gulf War veterans are afflicted by Gulf War Illness (GWI), a chronic multisymptom condition that fundamentally presents with cognitive deficits (i.e., learning and memory impairments) and neuroimmune dysfunction (i.e., inflammation). Factors associated with GWI include overexposures to neurotoxic pesticides and nerve agent prophylactics such as permethrin (PM) and pyridostigmine bromide (PB), respectively. GWI-related neurological impairments associated with PB-PM overexposures have been recapitulated in animal models; however, there is a paucity of studies assessing PB-PM-related aberrations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission that may underlie behavioral impairments. Importantly, FDA-approved neuroactive treatments are currently unavailable for GWI. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy of an immunomodulatory therapeutic, lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII), on ameliorating acute effects of in vivo PB-PM exposure on synaptic plasticity and transmission as well as trophic factor/cytokine expression along the hippocampal dorsoventral axis. PB-PM exposure resulted in hippocampal synaptic transmission deficits 48 h post-exposure, a response that was ameliorated by LNFPIII coadministration, particularly in the dorsal hippocampus (dH). LNFPIII coadministration also enhanced synaptic transmission in the dH and the ventral hippocampus (vH). Notably, LNFPIII coadministration elevated long-term potentiation in the dH. Further, PB-PM exposure and LNFPIII coadministration uniquely altered key inflammatory cytokine and trophic factor production in the dH and the vH. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PB-PM exposure impaired hippocampal synaptic responses 48 h post-exposure, impairments that differentially manifested along the dorsoventral axis. Importantly, LNFPIII ameliorated GWI-related electrophysiological deficits, a beneficial effect indicating the potential efficacy of LNFPIII for treating GWI.
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Nyangi M, Kigondu E, Irungu B, Nganga M, Gachanja A, Murigi M, Nyangacha R, Muniu E, Kamau L, Gathirwa J. Integrity, use and care of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:856. [PMID: 33941135 PMCID: PMC8091527 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vector control is an essential component in prevention and control of malaria in malaria endemic areas. Insecticide treated nets is one of the standard tools recommended for malaria vector control. The objective of the study was to determine physical integrity and insecticidal potency of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) used in control of malaria vector in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Method The study targeted households in an area which had received LLINs during mass net distribution in 2016 from Ministry of Health. A total of 420 households were sampled using systematic sampling method, where the household heads consented to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to assess care and use while physical examination was used to determine integrity. Chemical concentration was determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Results After 18 months of use, 96.9% (95% CI: 95.2–98.6%) of the distributed nets were still available. Regarding net utilization, 94.1% of household heads reported sleeping under an LLIN the previous night. After physical examination, 49.9% (95% CI: 43–52.8%) of the bed nets had at least one hole. The median number of holes of any size was 2[interquartile range (IQR) 1–4], and most holes were located on the lower part of the nets, [median 3 (IQR 2–5)]. Only 15% of the nets with holes had been repaired. The median concentration for α-cypermethrin was 7.15 mg/m2 (IQR 4.25–15.31) and 0.00 mg/g (IQR 0.00–1.99) for permethrin. Based on pHI, Chi-square test varied significantly with the manufacturer (X (6, N = 389) = 29.14, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference between nets with different number of washes (X2(2) = 4.55, p = 0.103). Conclusion More than three-quarters of the nets supplied had survived and insecticidal potency was adequate in vector control. Standard procedure for field evaluation of surface insecticidal content available to a mosquito after landing on a net to rest is recommended. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10882-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Nyangi
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Elizabeth Kigondu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Beatrice Irungu
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Margaret Nganga
- Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Gachanja
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martin Murigi
- Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Nyangacha
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Erastus Muniu
- Centre for Public Health and Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Luna Kamau
- Centre for Biotechnology, Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeremiah Gathirwa
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Pitzer EM, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Effects of pyrethroids on brain development and behavior: Deltamethrin. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106983. [PMID: 33848594 PMCID: PMC8440325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a Type II pyrethroid pesticide widely used in agriculture, homes, public spaces, and medicine. Epidemiological studies report that increased pyrethroid exposure during development is associated with neurobehavioral disorders. This raises concern about the safety of these chemicals for children. Few animal studies have explored the long-term effects of developmental exposure to DLM on the brain. Here we review the CNS effects of pyrethroids, with emphasis on DLM. Current data on behavioral and cognitive effects after developmental exposure are emphasized. Although, the acute mechanisms of action of DLM are known, how these translate to long-term effects is only beginning to be understood. But existing data clearly show there are lasting effects on locomotor activity, acoustic startle, learning and memory, apoptosis, and dopamine in mice and rats after early exposure. The most consistent neurochemical findings are reductions in the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D1 receptor. The data show that DLM is developmentally neurotoxic but more research on its mechanisms of long-term effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Pitzer
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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48
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Derby AP, Fuller NW, Huff Hartz KE, Segarra A, Connon RE, Brander SM, Lydy MJ. Trophic transfer, bioaccumulation and transcriptomic effects of permethrin in inland silversides, Menidia beryllina, under future climate scenarios. Environ Pollut 2021; 275:116545. [PMID: 33578317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change (GCC) significantly affects aquatic ecosystems. Continual use of pyrethroid insecticides results in contamination of these ecosystems and concurrent GCC raises the potential for synergistic effects. Resistance to pyrethroids has been documented in Hyalella azteca, a common epibenthic amphipod and model organism. Resistant H. azteca can bioconcentrate elevated amounts of pyrethroids and represent a threat to consumers via trophic transfer. In the present study, a predator of H. azteca, the inland silverside (Menidia beryllina), was used to examine the impacts of GCC on pyrethroid bioaccumulation via trophic transfer from resistant prey organisms. M. beryllina were fed 14C-permethrin dosed pyrethroid-resistant H. azteca for 14 days at three salinities (6, 13 and 20 practical salinity units (PSU)) and two temperatures (18 and 23 °C). Fish were analyzed for total body residues, percent parent compound and percent metabolites. Gene expression in liver and brain tissue were evaluated to assess whether dietary bioaccumulation of permethrin would impact detoxification processes, metabolism, and general stress responses. M. beryllina bioaccumulated significant amounts of permethrin across all treatments, ranging from 39 to 557 ng g-1 lipid. No statistically significant effect of temperature was found on total bioaccumulation. Salinity had a significant effect on total bioaccumulation, owing to greater bioaccumulation at 6 PSU compared to 13 and 20 PSU, which may be due to alterations to xenobiotic elimination. Permethrin bioaccumulation and the interaction with temperature and salinity elicited significant transcriptional responses in genes relating to detoxification, growth, development, and immune response. Given the increased prevalence of pesticide-resistant aquatic invertebrates, GCC-induced alterations to temperature and salinity, and the predicted increase in pesticide usage, these findings suggest trophic transfer may play an important role in pesticide bioaccumulation and effects in predatory fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Derby
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Neil W Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Amelie Segarra
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Susanne M Brander
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Morimoto Y, Kawada H, Kuramoto KY, Mitsuhashi T, Saitoh T, Minakawa N. New mosquito repellency bioassay for evaluation of repellents and pyrethroids using an attractive blood-feeding device. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:151. [PMID: 33691776 PMCID: PMC7945690 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04656-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing threat of the worldwide spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases, consumer interest in anti-mosquito textiles that protect against mosquito bites is also increasing. Accordingly, repellent- or insecticide-treated textiles are gaining popularity. The standardization of commercial textile products is, therefore, indispensable for an authentic and objective evaluation of these products. Here we report a textile testing method using an artificial blood-feeding system that does not involve human volunteers or live animals, which aligns with the policy of protecting human and animal welfare. METHODS The attractive blood-feeding device (ABFD) was designed using the Hemotek® membrane feeding system. The repellency of DEET, icaridin and permethrin was assayed using unfed female adults of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) under two different test conditions, namely choice and no-choice tests. The choice test consisted of two feeding units, one chemically treated and untreated, that were installed on the ABFD; mosquitoes attracted to and resting on the feeding units were counted and the overall blood-feeding rates recorded. The no-choice test consisted of two feeding units treated with the same chemical that were installed on the ABFD; mosquitoes attracted to and resting on the feeding units were counted and the blood-feeding rates were recorded. A control test was conducted using two feeding units, both sides of which were untreated. RESULTS In the choice test, high repellency (> 95% inhibition of resting on the treated surface) of 1% DEET and 2% icaridin was observed, whereas 2% permethrin was not an effective repellent. Also, high blood-feeding inhibition (> 95%) was observed for 2% DEET and 2% icaridin. In the no-choice test, high repellency was observed for 1% DEET and 2% icaridin, whereas the repellency of 2% permethrin was low. Also, high blood-feeding inhibition was observed for 2% DEET, 4% icaridin and 2% permethrin. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy and reproducibility of the developed method demonstrate that the ABFD may be widely used for fundamental experiments in the field of mosquito physiology, for the development of new repellent chemicals and in evaluation studies of mosquito repellent products, such as anti-mosquito textiles. The further development of the membrane and feeding unit systems will enable a more practical evaluation of mosquito repellents and blood-feeding inhibitors, such as pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasue Morimoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Kawada
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kan-Ya Kuramoto
- Overseas Standards Testing Laboratory, Kaken Test Center, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Mitsuhashi
- Overseas Standards Testing Laboratory, Kaken Test Center, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Saitoh
- Overseas Standards Testing Laboratory, Kaken Test Center, Tokyo and Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Ansell GR, Frewin AJ, Gradish AE, Scott-Dupree CD. Contact toxicity of three insecticides for use in tier I pesticide risk assessments with Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10744. [PMID: 33665008 PMCID: PMC7908870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pesticide risk assessment paradigm may not adequately protect solitary bees as it focuses primarily on the honey bee (Apis mellifera). The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is a potential surrogate species for use in pesticide risk assessment for solitary bees in North America. However, the toxicity of potential toxic reference standards to M. rotundata will need to be determined before pesticide risk assessment tests (tier I trials) can be implemented. Therefore, we assessed the acute topical toxicity and generated LD50 values for three insecticides: dimethoate (62.08 ng a.i./bee), permethrin (50.01 ng a.i./bee), and imidacloprid (12.82 ng a.i/bee). The variation in the mass of individual bees had a significant but small effect on these toxicity estimates. Overall, the toxicity of these insecticides to M. rotundata were within the 10-fold safety factor currently used with A. mellifera toxicity estimates from tier I trials to estimate risk to other bee species. Therefore, tier I pesticide risk assessments with solitary bees may not be necessary, and efforts could be directed to developing more realistic, higher-tier pesticide risk assessment trials for solitary bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R. Ansell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Frewin
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela E. Gradish
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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