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Farooq U, Raza M, Ali Khan S, Alam S, Ehtisham Khan M, Ali W, Al Zoubi W, Kashif Ali S, Bashiri AH, Zakri W. Fabrication and characterization of binary composite MgO/CuO nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic ability to eliminate organic contaminants: A detailed spectroscopic analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 315:124264. [PMID: 38603961 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Design and eco-friendly fabrication of affordable and sustainable materials for the treatment of wastewater consisting of dyes, antibiotics, and other harmful substances has always been demanding. Untreated wastewater being released from industries imposes serious threats to our ecosystem, seeking convenient approaches to diminish this alarming issue. Here in this work, we synthesized MgO/CuO nanocomposites from a plant extract of Ammi visnaga L. and then employed these nanocomposites for the treatment of organic dye (methylene blue). We characterized the synthesized nanocomposites by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS). DLS presented information about the explicit size of nanocomposites, while the surface charge was examined by zeta potential. XRD provided detailed information about the crystalline behavior and the information regarding surface morphology and size was extracted by SEM, TEM, and AFM. Moreover, the fabricated nanocomposites were used as a photocatalyst in the treatment of methylene blue. The overall catalytic reaction took an hour to complete, and the value of percentage degradation was 98 %. Substantially, a detailed account of the kinetics, rate of reaction, and mechanism is also fostered in the context. The presented study can assist scientists and researchers around the world to reproduce the results and use them to apply them on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Raza
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ali Khan
- Tunneling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Doctoral School, Akademicka 2, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Tunneling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 8 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mohammad Ehtisham Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, College of Applied Industrial Technology, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail Al Zoubi
- Integrated Materials Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Syed Kashif Ali
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Nanotechnology Research Unit, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullateef H Bashiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P. O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Zakri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, P. O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Dridi R, Abdelkafi-Koubaa Z, Srairi-Abid N, Socha B, Zid MF. One-pot synthesis, structural investigation, antitumor activity and molecular docking approach of two decavanadate compounds. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112533. [PMID: 38547784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Two bases-decavanadates coordination compounds [(C6H13N4)2][Mg(H2O)6]2[O28V10].6H2O (1) and [(C7H11N2)4][Mg(H2O)6][O28V10].4H2O (2) have been synthesized and well characterized using vibrational spectroscopy (infrared), UV-Visible analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The formula unit, for both compounds, is composed by the decavanadate [V10O28]6-, hydrated magnesium ion, a counter anion and free water molecules. The transition metal adopts octahedral geometries in both compound (1) and (2). The existence of a multitude of hydrogen bonding interactions for both compounds provides a stable three-dimensional supramolecular structure. Optical absorption reveals a band gap energy indicating the semi-conductive nature of the compound. In this study, the cytotoxic and the anti-proliferative activities of compounds (1) and (2) on human cancer cells (U87 and MDA-MB-231) were investigated. Both compounds demonstrated dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity on U87 and MDA-MB-231 with respective IC50 values of 0.82 and 0.31 μM and 1.4 and 1.75 μM. These data provide evidence on the potential anticancer activity of [(C6H13N4)2][Mg(H2O)6]2[O28V10].6H2O and [(C7H11N2)4][Mg(H2O)2][O28V10].4H2O. Molecular docking of the compounds was also examined. Molecular docking studies were performed for both compounds against four target receptors and revealed better binding affinity with these targets in comparison to Cisplatin. Moreover, molecular docking investigations suggest that these compounds may function as potential inhibitors of proteins in brain and breast cells, exhibiting greater efficiency compared to Cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Dridi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Materials, Crystal Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Zaineb Abdelkafi-Koubaa
- University of Tunis El Manar, Salah Azaiz Institute, LR21SP01, Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Precision Medicine and Investigation in Oncology, Tunis 1006, Tunisia.; University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01, Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01, Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Bhavesh Socha
- Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohamed Faouzi Zid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Laboratory of Materials, Crystal Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, 2092 El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia
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Hamdan MA, Mohd Amin KN, Adam F. Quantitative analysis of molecular interactions in κ-carrageenan-Isovanillin biocomposite for biodegradable packaging and pharmaceutical applications using NMR, TOF-SIMS, and XPS approach. Food Chem 2024; 452:139556. [PMID: 38744133 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the molecular interactions and structural changes in κ-carrageenan crosslinked with isovanillin to create a biocomposite material suitable for hard capsule and bio-degradable packaging applications. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy revealed chemical changes in the conjugate molecule, indicating improved electronegativity due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between κ-carrageenan and isovanillin. Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis revealed enhanced ion intensity due to intermolecular interactions, particularly between sulphate and hydrogen ions. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) study demonstrated that κ-carrageenan and isovanillin form stronger hydrogen bonds, with a shift in binding energy indicating higher electronegativity. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underpin the formation of the biocomposite material, as well as its potential for use in hard capsule and biodegradable packaging materials, addressing the need for sustainable alternatives in the pharmaceutical and packaging industries while also contributing to environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aiman Hamdan
- School of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Khairatun Najwa Mohd Amin
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Fatmawati Adam
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Center for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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4
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Narayanan M, Srinivasan S, Gnanasekaran C, Ramachandran G, Chelliah CK, Rajivgandhi G, Maruthupandy M, Quero F, Li WJ, Hayder G, Khaled JM, Arunachalam A, Manoharan N. Synthesis and characterization of marine seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata) mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106595. [PMID: 38387848 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cymodocea serrulata mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were successfully synthesized. The XRD pattern and FTIR spectra demonstrated the crystalline structure of TiO2 NPs and the presence of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids in the extract. Further SEM revealed that TiO2 NPs has uniform structure and spherical in shape with their size ranged from 58 to 117 nm. Antibacterial activity of TiO2 NPs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae), provided the zone of inhibition of 33.9 ± 1.7 and 36.3 ± 1.9 mm, respectively at 100 μg/mL concentration. MIC of TiO2 NPs against MRSA and V. cholerae showed 84% and 87% inhibition at 180 μg/mL and 160 μg/mL respectively. Subsequently, the sub-MIC of V. cholerae demonstrated minimal or no impact on bacterial growth at concentration of 42.5 μg/mL concentration. In addition, TiO2 NPs exhibited their ability to inhibit the biofilm forming V. cholerae which caused distinct morphological and intercellular damages analysed using CLSM and TEM. The antioxidant properties of TiO2 NPs were demonstrated through TAA and DPPH assays and exposed its scavenging activity with IC50 value of 36.42 and 68.85 μg/mL which denotes its valuable antioxidant properties with potential health benefits. Importantly, the brine shrimp based lethality experiment yielded a low cytotoxic effect with 13% mortality at 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, the multifaceted attributes of C. serrulata mediated TiO2 NPs encompassed the antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-biofilm inhibition effects with low cytotoxicity in nature were highlighted in this study and proved the bioderived TiO2 NPs could be used as a promising agent for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohankumar Narayanan
- Marine Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganthi Srinivasan
- Marine Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chackaravarthi Gnanasekaran
- Marine Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindan Ramachandran
- Marine Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chenthis Kanisha Chelliah
- Marine Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Govindan Rajivgandhi
- Marine Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad DeChile, Avenida Beauchef 851, 8370456, Santiago, Chile; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Muthuchamy Maruthupandy
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-Dearo 550 Beon-Gil, Saha-Gu, Busan, 49315, South Korea
| | - Franck Quero
- Laboratorio de Nanocelulosa y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad DeChile, Avenida Beauchef 851, 8370456, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Gasim Hayder
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Kajang, 43000, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arulraj Arunachalam
- Departamento de Electricidad, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natesan Manoharan
- Marine Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang W, Liu L, Zhao Y, Liu T, Bai F, Wang J, Xu H, Gao R, Jiang X, Xu X. Interactions between phosvitin and aldehydes affect the release of flavor from Russian sturgeon caviar. Food Chem 2024; 437:137904. [PMID: 37926030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The release mechanism of flavor during caviar storage was studied by the interaction between phosvitin and four aldehydes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the binding rate of phosvitin with 3-methylbutanal, nonanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, and (E)-2-octenal decreased with an increase in the aldehyde concentrations. Among them, (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal (0.5 mM) had the highest binding rate (84.47%). The main quenching mechanism of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal with phosvitin was static quenching and the binding force comprised spontaneous hydrophobic interactions. An increase in the aldehyde concentrations reduced the α-helix content of phosvitin and led to aggregation of the microstructure of phosvitin. The results of molecular docking showed that tyr residue contributed the most to the binding of phosvitin to aldehydes. This study has elucidated the mechanism of the effect of caviar protein on changes in the caviar flavor during storage and provides effective strategies for regulation of caviar flavor during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
| | - Tianhong Liu
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Quzhon Sturgeon Aquatic Food Science and Technology Development Co, Ltd, Quzhou 324002, China.
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Quzhon Sturgeon Aquatic Food Science and Technology Development Co, Ltd, Quzhou 324002, China
| | - He Xu
- Lianyungang Baohong Marine Technology Co, Ltd, Lianyungang 222000, China.
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
| | - Xinxing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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Zhao J, Liu Y, Xu L, Sun L, Chen G, Wang H, Zhang Z, Lin H, Li Z. Influence of linoleic acid on the immunodetection of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) tropomyosin and the mechanism investigation via multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques. Food Chem 2024; 434:137339. [PMID: 37699311 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of linoleic acid (LA) on the IgG/IgE recognition, in vitro digestibility and immunodetection of shrimp tropomyosin (TM) was investigated. Subsequently, the simultaneous binding of LA-TM was explored using multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques. Our findings reveled that the addition of LA significantly reduced TM's IgG/IgE immunoreactivity, digestibility, and immunodetection. Further analysis using multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques indicated that while TM's secondary structure remained largely unchanged, its 3-D structure showed significant alterations such as increased particle size and hydrophobic surface area, and a higher number of buried hydrophobic residues exposed due to the binding of LA to TM. These structural changes rendered it difficult for target antibodies and digestive enzymes to interact with related epitopes and cleavage sites buried inside the molecule. The results obtained in this study provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of poor immunodetection caused by food matrix interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
| | - Yuhai Liu
- Dawning International Information Industry Co., Ltd., No.169, Songling Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266101, PR China
| | - Lili Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lirui Sun
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guanzhi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.5, Yushan Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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Khalil AW, Iqbal Z, Adhikari A, Khan H, Nishan U, Iqbal A, Bangash JA, Tarar OM, Bilal A, Khan SA, Hoessli DC, Assiri MA, Wu Z, Afridi S. Spectroscopic characterization of eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside from Boerhavia procumbens: In vivo hepato-protective potential in rat model. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 304:123369. [PMID: 37738764 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most important organs responsible for detoxifying biomolecules and xenobiotics. Herein, we report the isolation, characterization, and hepatoprotective effect of the Boerhavia procumbens-derived eupalitin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (EGP) compound. The structure of the EGP compound was deduced by using NMR spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry. The EGP hepatoprotective activities were evaluated with HepG2 cell viability and LDH assays in vitro, and CCl4-induced toxicity was investigated in vivo in the rat model. Compared to the CCl4-treated group, cells exposed to the EGP compound at 200 µg/ml showed increased cell viability (60.52 ± 1.22 %) and decreased LDH levels (23.81 ± 1.89 U/ml). The serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and total bilirubin in the CCl4-treated group were substantially higher than those in the control group (64 ± 1.89 U/ml, 86 ± 1.47 U/ml, 252.6 ± 2.96 U/ml, and 5.45 ± 0.32 mg/dl, respectively). When compared to animals treated with CCl4 alone, the EGP compound's in vivo hepatoprotective effect at 60 mg/kg with CCl4 significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the levels of SGPT and SGOT (26 ± 1.34 U/ml and 42.92 ± 1.6 U/ml) respectively. Furthermore, our histological study showed a significant response in restoring and maintaining the normal morphological appearance of the liver. Thus, our results show that the EGP compound is a promising and novel lead molecule for better hepatotoxicity control and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wajid Khalil
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- HEJ Research Institute, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hamayun Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. Islam College of Pharmacy, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Umar Nishan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Javed Abbas Bangash
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Omer Mukhtar Tarar
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Bilal
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Daniel C Hoessli
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Saifullah Afridi
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Joint Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China; Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (SUIT), Mardan Campus, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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8
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Wu W, Jiang Q, Gao P, Yu D, Yu P, Xia W. L-histidine-assisted ultrasound improved physicochemical properties of myofibrillar proteins under reduced-salt condition - Investigation of underlying mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126820. [PMID: 37690645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the L-hisdine (L-His)-assisted ultrasound on physicochemical characteristics and conformation of myofibrillar protein (MP) under reduced-salt condition were investigated using spectroscopic analysis, and the binding mechanism between L-His and MP was further elucidated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. UV second derivative spectra and intrinsic Try fluorescence spectra revealed that L-His formed a complex with MP and altered the microenvironment of MP. After L-His-assisted ultrasound treatment, MP showed smaller particle size, higher solubility, and more uniform atomic force microscopy image due to the decrease of α-helix content and the subsequent increase in zeta potential, active sulfhydryl content, and surface hydrophobicity. Molecular docking and MD simulations demonstrated the optimal docking pose (minimum binding affinity of -6.78 kcal/mol) and revealed hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds as the main interaction forces between L-His and MP, with several residues (ILE-464, ILE-480, THR-483, ASN-484, GLY-466, ASP-463, PHE-246) identified as binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Pei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peipei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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9
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Sundaram V, Ramanan RN, Selvaraj M, Ahemad N, Vijayaraghavan R, MacFarlane DR, Ooi CW. Probing the molecular interactions between cholinium-based ionic liquids and insulin aspart: A combined computational and experimental study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126665. [PMID: 37689282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies revealing the potential of cholinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) in protein stabilization, the nature of interaction between ILs' constituents and protein residues is not well understood. In this work, we used a combined computational and experimental approach to investigate the structural stability of a peptide hormone, insulin aspart (IA), in ILs containing a choline cation [Ch]+ and either dihydrogen phosphate ([Dhp]-) or acetate ([Ace]-) as anions. Although IA remained stable in both 1 M [Ch][Dhp] and 1 M [Ch][Ace], [Dhp]- exhibited a much stronger stabilization effect than [Ace]-. Both the hydrophilic ILs intensely hydrated IA and increased the number of water molecules in IA's solvation shell. Undeterred by the increased number of water molecules, the native state of IA's hydrophobic core was maintained in the presence of ILs. Importantly, our results reveal the importance of IL concentration in the medium which was critical to maintain a steady population of ions in the microenvironment of IA and to counteract the denaturing effect of water molecules. Through molecular docking, we confirm that the anions exert the dominant effect on the structure of IA, while [Ch]+ have the secondary influence. The computational results were validated using spectroscopic analyses (ultra-violet, fluorescence, and circular dichroism) along with dynamic light scattering measurements. The extended stability of IA at 30 °C for 28 days in 1 M [Ch][Dhp] and [Ch][Ace] demonstrated in this study reveals the possibility of stabilizing IA using cholinium-based ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sundaram
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramakrishnan Nagasundara Ramanan
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Arkema Thiochemicals Sdn Bhd, Oasis Ara Damansara, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Manikandan Selvaraj
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Vijayaraghavan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Douglas R MacFarlane
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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10
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Liu XY, Tang HX, Sheng WB, Luo QJ, Mao LX, Yang YP, Guo XZ, Wu QL, Jian YQ, Wang W, Zhou XD. Glycosides from the leaves of Fraxinus Hubeiensis. BMC Chem 2023; 17:182. [PMID: 38093361 PMCID: PMC10720128 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fraxinus hubeiensis is a plant endemic to China and widely used as folk medicine to treat various diseases. However, its chemical constituents have never been reported sufficiently. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of F. hubeiensis leaves. Hence, combined column chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used to identify and characterize the secondary metabolites such as a pair of 3-keto-glycoside epimers (1) and (2), along with five known compounds (3 ~ 7). The results of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity exhibited that 1 and 2 had moderate activity with IC50 values of 359.50 and 468.43 µM, respectively, compared to a positive control acarbose with the IC50 value of 164.08 µM. However, Compounds 1-6 were shown to be inactive against the tested microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xia Tang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bing Sheng
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qu-Jing Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Xi Mao
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Pei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Guo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Lai Wu
- Institute of Pesticides, School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, 434020, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu-Dong Zhou
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Zhang S, Mao X, Xu H, Wei X, Chou G. Abietane diterpenoids and iridoids from Caryopteris mongolica. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:927-937. [PMID: 38143106 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Six new abietane diterpenoids (1-6) and five undescribed iridoids (7-11) have been isolated from the aerial parts of Caryopteris mongolica. The intricate structural characterization of these compounds was meticulously undertaken using an array of advanced spectroscopic techniques. This process was further enhanced by the application of DP4+ probability analyses and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Following isolation and structural elucidation, the cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated. Among them, compound 3 stood out, displaying significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 7.83 ± 1.28 μmol·L-1. Additionally, compounds 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10 manifested moderate cytotoxic effects on specific cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 11.7 to 20.9 μmol·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xudong Mao
- State Key Lab of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongtao Xu
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Guixin Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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12
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Jeyaraj J, Baskaralingam V, Stalin T, Muthuvel I. Mechanistic vision on polypropylene microplastics degradation by solar radiation using TiO 2 nanoparticle as photocatalyst. Environ Res 2023; 233:116366. [PMID: 37302740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging contaminants owing to their occurrence and distribution in everywhere the ecosystem and leading to major environmental problems. Management methods are more suitable for larger-sized plastics. Here, the current study elucidates that, TiO2 photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation actively mitigates polypropylene microplastics (pH 3, 50 h) in an aqueous medium. End of post-photocatalytic experiments, the weight loss percentage of microplastics was 50.5 ± 0.5%. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) spectroscopy results revealed the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide ions, carbonyl, keto and ester groups at the end of the post-degradation process. Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopic (UV - DRS) results showed variation in the optical absorbance of polypropylene microplastics peak values at 219 and 253 nm. Increased the weight percentage of oxygen level due to the oxidation of functional groups and decreased the weight percentage of carbon content in electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), probably owing to breakdown of long-chain polypropylene microplastics. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopic analysis showed the surface having holes, cavities, and cracks on irritated polypropylene microplastics. The overall study and their mechanistic pathway strongly confirmed the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with help of the movement of electrons by photocatalyst under solar irradiation which aids the degradation of polypropylene microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyavani Jeyaraj
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus, 6th Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thambusamy Stalin
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
| | - Inbasekaran Muthuvel
- Advanced Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalaingar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Photocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, M.R.Govt.Arts College, Mannargudi, 614 001, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Barceló D, Picó Y, Alfarhan AH. Microplastics: Detection in human samples, cell line studies, and health impacts. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:104204. [PMID: 37391049 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are in all environmental compartments, including atmosphere, terrestrial, and aquatic environments as well as in marine organisms, foods, drinking water, and indoor and outdoor environments. MPs can enter the human body through the food chain and contaminated environment. Ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact are the routes of their entry into the human body. Recent studies reporting the detection of MPs within the human body have raised concern among the scientific community as the knowledge about human exposure is still very limited and their impact on health is not well-understood yet. In this review article, we briefly cover the reports evidencing MP detection within the human body, e.g., stool, placenta, lungs, liver, sputum, breast milk, and blood. A concise synopsis of sample preparation and analysis of such human matrices is also provided. This article also presents a summary of the effect of MPs on human cell lines and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre - CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Road CV-315 km 10.7, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ahmed H Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Bai J, Sun X, Geng B, Ma X. Interaction mechanism of Cu +/Cu 2+ on bovine serum albumin: Vitro simulation experiments by spectroscopic methods. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 293:122491. [PMID: 36801739 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element for organisms, while excessive concentration of Cu is toxic. In order to assess the toxicity risk of copper in different valences, FTIR, fluorescence, and UV-vis absorption techniques were conducted to study the interactions between either Cu+ or Cu2+ and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under vitro simulated physiological condition. The spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that the intrinsic fluorescence emitted by BSA could be quenched by Cu+/Cu2+ via static quenching with binding sites 0.88 and 1.12 for Cu+ and Cu2+, respectively. On the other hand, the constants of Cu+ and Cu2+ are 1.14 × 103 L/mol and 2.08 × 104 L/mol respectively. ΔH is negative whereas ΔS is positive, showing that the interaction between BSA and Cu+/Cu2+ was mainly driven by electrostatic force. In accordance with Föster's energy transfer theory, the binding distance r showed that the transition of energy from BSA to Cu+/Cu2+ is highly likely to happen. BSA conformation analyses indicated that the interactions between Cu+/Cu2+ and BSA could alter the secondary structure of proteins. Current study provides more information of the interaction between Cu+/Cu2+ and BSA, and reveals the potential toxicological effect of different speciation of copper at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Xuekai Sun
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bing Geng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiping Ma
- College of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
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15
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Zhao Y, Yang Y, Dong F, Dai Q. The characteristics of nano-micron calcite particles/common bacteria complex and its interfacial interaction. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27522-z. [PMID: 37178294 PMCID: PMC10182550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the composite pollution of atmospheric microbial aerosol, this paper selects the calcite/bacteria complex as the research object which was prepared by calcite particles and two common strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus) in the solution system. The morphology, particle size, surface potential, and surface groups of the complex were explored by modern analysis and testing methods, with an emphasis on the interfacial interaction between calcite and bacteria. The SEM, TEM, and CLSM results showed that the morphology of the complex could be divided into three types: bacteria adhering to the surface or edge of micro-CaCO3, bacteria aggregating with nano-CaCO3, and single nano-CaCO3 wrapping bacteria. The complex's particle size was about 2.07 ~ 192.4 times larger than the original mineral particles, and the nano-CaCO3/bacteria complex's particle size variation was caused by the fact that nano-CaCO3 has agglomeration in solution. The surface potential of the micro-CaCO3/bacteria complex (isoelectric point pH = 3.0) lies between micro-CaCO3 and bacteria, while the surface potential of the nano-CaCO3/bacteria complex (isoelectric point pH = 2.0) approaches the nano-CaCO3. The complex's surface groups were based primarily on the infrared characteristics of calcite particles, accompanied by the infrared characteristics of bacteria, displaying the interfacial interaction from the protein, polysaccharides, and phosphodiester groups of bacteria. The interfacial action of the micro-CaCO3/bacteria complex is mainly driven by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding force, while the nano-CaCO3/bacteria complex is guided by surface complexation and hydrogen bonding force. The increase in the β-fold/α-helix ratio of the calcite/S. aureus complex indicated that the secondary structure of bacterial surface proteins was more stable and the hydrogen bond effect was strong than the calcite/E. coli complex. The findings are expected to provide basic data for the mechanism research of atmospheric composite particles closer to the real environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qunwei Dai
- Fundamental Science On Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang City, 621010, Sichuan, China
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16
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Guo J, Gan C, Cheng B, Cui B, Yi F. Exploration of binding mechanism of apigenin to pepsin: Spectroscopic analysis, molecular docking, enzyme activity and antioxidant assays. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 290:122281. [PMID: 36584639 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pepsin plays an important role in nutrient metabolism. Apigenin (AP) is a beneficial polyphenol to human health. To enhance the bioavailability of AP and elucidate the inhibitory effect of AP on pepsin, the interaction mechanism of AP with pepsin was investigated using spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking, and the activity of pepsin and antioxidant activity of AP was also evaluated. Specifically, AP performed static quenching of pepsin and had only one binding site on pepsin. More interestingly, the interaction between AP and pepsin was spontaneous, while hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were the main binding forces. Generally, synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence confirmed that AP induced the conformational changes of pepsin, and molecular docking proved the above results and illustrated the specific binding patterns. Specifically, AP inhibited the activity of pepsin, while pepsin decreased the antioxidant activity of AP. These results provided useful information for elucidating the interactions between AP and pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Guo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
| | - Chuanfa Gan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Bo Cui
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Fankai Yi
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
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17
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Panchal S, Sehrawat H, Sharma N, Chandra R. Biochemical interaction of human hemoglobin with ionic liquids of noscapinoids: Spectroscopic and computational approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124227. [PMID: 37003390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed noscapine based ionic liquids i.e., Noscapine (MeNOS) and 9-Bromonoscapine (MeBrNOS) as cation supported with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (NTf2-) as anion. We have reported the mechanism of binding interaction between noscapine based ILs and human hemoglobin (Hb) using various spectroscopic and computational techniques. The corresponding thermodynamics studies showed that the binding is exothermic in nature and major forces responsible for binding are Van der waals and hydrogen bonding interaction. The fluorescence spectra showed that the intensity of Hb decreases in the presence of [MeNOS]NTf2 and [MeBrNOS]NTf2 both shows static quenching. The secondary structural changes in Hb were observed and calculated by using CD spectroscopy. Molecular docking studies revealed that both the ILs show strong binding in β1 fragment of the tetrameric structure of Hb, but the binding of [MeNOS]NTf2 is relatively stronger than [MeBrNOS]NTf2 and the results are supported by MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Panchal
- Drug Discovery and Development Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hitesh Sehrawat
- Drug Discovery and Development Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Neera Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery and Development Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Dr B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Institute of Nanomedical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Vice-chancellor, Maharaja Surajmal Brij University, Bharatpur, Rajasthan 321201, India.
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18
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Bi S, Pan X, Zhang W, Ma Z, Lao F, Shen Q, Wu J. Non-covalent interactions of selected flavors with pea protein: Role of molecular structure of flavor compounds. Food Chem 2022; 389:133044. [PMID: 35489259 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the molecular structures of flavor compounds (specifically, variations in chain length and functional groups) on the binding of the flavor compounds (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, hexanal, and (E)-2-octenal to pea protein was investigated. The results showed that the molecular structures of the flavor compounds strongly influenced their binding affinity for pea protein. Specifically, (E)-2-octenal exhibited a higher binding affinity and a higher Stern-Volmer constant with pea protein than both hexanal and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the flavor compound-pea protein interactions were spontaneous. Hydrophobic interactions were dominant in the non-covalent interactions between (E)-2-octenal/(Z)-2-penten-1-ol and pea protein, whereas hydrogen bonding was dominant in the non-covalent interactions between hexanal and pea protein. Surface hydrophobicity measurements, the use of bond-disrupting agents, and molecular docking further supported the hypothesis that hydrogen bonding, as well as hydrophobic interactions, occurred between the flavor compounds and pea protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bi
- College of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Lao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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19
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Abel SM, Primpke S, Wu F, Brandt A, Gerdts G. Human footprints at hadal depths: interlayer and intralayer comparison of sediment cores from the Kuril Kamchatka trench. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156035. [PMID: 35598673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution affects almost all ecosystems on Earth. Given the increasing plastic production worldwide and the durability of these polymers, concerns arise about the fate of this material in the environment. A candidate to consider as a depositional final sink of MP is the sea floor and its deepest representatives, hadal trenches, as ultimate sinks. In this study, 13 sediment samples were collected with a multiple-corer at depths between 5740 and 9450 m from the Kuril Kamchatka trench (KKT), in the Northwest (NW) Pacific Ocean. These samples were analysed for MP presence in the upper sediment layer, by slicing the first 5 cm of sediment cores into 1 cm horizontal layers. These were compared against each other and between the sampling areas, in order to achieve a detailed picture of the depositional system of the trench and small-scale perturbations such as bioturbation. The analyses revealed the presence of 215 to 1596 MP particles per kg -1 sediment (dry weight), with a polymer composition represented by 14 polymer types and the prevalence of particles smaller than 25 μm. A heterogeneous microplastic distribution through the sediment column and different microplastic concentration and polymer types among sampling stations located in different areas of the trench reflects the dynamics of this environment and the numerous forces that drive the deposition processes and the in situ recast of this pollutant at the trench floor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena M Abel
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Primpke
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Fangzhu Wu
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Angelika Brandt
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Department of Marine Zoology, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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20
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Sehrawat H, Kumar N, Panchal S, Kumar L, Chandra R. Imperative persistent interaction analysis of anticancer noscapine-ionic liquid with calf thymus DNA. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:415-425. [PMID: 35985396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have shown the interaction between opium poppy alkaloid noscapine-based ionic liquid [Pip-Nos]OTf and ct-DNA using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, CD, and computational studies. The absorption spectra showed a hypochromic shift with no shift in the absorption maxima suggesting groove or electrostatic binding. Fluorescence spectra showed an enhancement in fluorescence emission suggesting that the probable mode of binding should be groove binding. Ethidium bromide (EB) competitive and Ionic strength study showed the absence of intercalative and electrostatic modes of interaction. Further, CD analysis of ct-DNA suggested a groove binding mode of interaction of [Pip-Nos]OTf with ct-DNA. [Pip-Nos]OTf displayed a strong binding with the target ct-DNA with a molecular docking score of -41.47 kJ/mol with all 3D coordinates and full conformation. Also, molecular binding contact analyses depicted the stable binding of drug and ct-DNA with potential hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The structural superimposition dynamics analysis showed the stable binding of [Pip-Nos]OTf with the ct-DNA model through RMSD statistics. Moreover, the ligand interaction calculations revealed the involvement of large binding energy along with a high static number of molecular forces including the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in their complexation. These significant results report the potency of [Pip-Nos]OTf and its important futuristic role in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Sehrawat
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sagar Panchal
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Loveneesh Kumar
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Institute of Nano Medical Sciences (INMS), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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21
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Roscher L, Halbach M, Nguyen MT, Hebeler M, Luschtinetz F, Scholz-Böttcher BM, Primpke S, Gerdts G. Microplastics in two German wastewater treatment plants: Year-long effluent analysis with FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Sci Total Environ 2022; 817:152619. [PMID: 34968590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) have been recorded in various environments around the globe. For a better understanding of distribution patterns and for providing a basis for risk assessments, detailed data on MP concentrations and polymer compositions are required. This study investigated the effluents of two German wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) monthly over one year, in order to better understand their temporal input of MP into the receiving river systems. MP item data down to 11 μm were obtained by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy under the application of an improved polymer database. Complementary mass data were obtained by pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) (for one WWTP). Both FTIR and Py-GC/MS analysis revealed a homogeneous polymer composition over the year, with a general dominance of polyolefins. Elevated MP item and mass concentrations (maximum: 3 × 104 items m-3 and 3.8 × 103 μg m-3) were observed during winter months and were accompanied by either heavy rainfall (increased discharge and total organic carbon) or elevated turbidity values. These observations emphasize the need for the assessment of background parameters in future MP monitoring studies. By providing monthly data over one year on MP items and masses in WWTP effluents, this study helps enhancing the understanding of temporal MP dynamics and can act as a valuable reference point for future assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Roscher
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, D-27483 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Maurits Halbach
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Minh Trang Nguyen
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, D-27483 Helgoland, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara M Scholz-Böttcher
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Primpke
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, D-27483 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, D-27483 Helgoland, Germany
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22
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Mote US, Gore AH, Panja SK, Kolekar GB. Effect of Various Aqueous Extracting Agents on Fluorescence Properties of Waste Tea Residue Derived Carbon Dots (WTR-CDs): Comparative Spectroscopic Analysis. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:440-447. [PMID: 34994075 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots are one of the important carbonaceous nanomaterials in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their interesting physical as well as chemical properties. Herein we studied the effect of various aqueous extracting agents on fluorescence properties of waste tea residue-based carbon dots (WTR-CDs). WTR-CDs are firstly synthesized by utilizing kitchen waste-based carbonaceous biomass. To check the role of various aqueous media during the course of WTR-CDs synthesis from carbonized carbon powder, extraction of WTR-CDs was carried out in kinds of aqueous media viz., only aqueous (100 % water), aqueous-alcoholic (10% ethanol), aqueous-acidic (10% acetic acid), and aqueous-basic (10% Ammonia). The consequences of extracting agents on the photophysical properties of final WTR-CDs-WT, WTR-CDs-AA, WTR-CDs-ET and WTR-CDs-AM were also discussed in detail. We have observed interesting blue shift fluorescence spectra in acidic medium for WTR-CDs-AA and polar protic solvents compared to polar aprotic medium. The solvatochromic behavior of WTR-CDs-WT in model polar and non-polar solvent was also studied. The effect of cationic, anionic and non-anionic surfactants on the fluorescence of WTR-CDs-WT was also evaluated. The proposed finding may help in the near future to the researchers for fast, easy and direct synthesize CDs from a variety of biomass-based precursors under different aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh S Mote
- Department of Chemistry, KarmaveerBhaurao Patil College, Urun-Islampur, Tal. Walwa, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil H Gore
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Chemistry, UkaTarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva, Road, Tarsadi, Gujar, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Panja
- Department of Chemistry, UkaTarsadia University, Bardoli-Mahuva, Road, Tarsadi, Gujar, India
| | - Govind B Kolekar
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Wang C, Chen L, Lu Y, Liu J, Zhao R, Sun Y, Sun B, Cuina W. pH-Dependent complexation between β-lactoglobulin and lycopene: Multi-spectroscopy, molecular docking and dynamic simulation study. Food Chem 2021; 362:130230. [PMID: 34098435 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of pH levels (pH 7.0 and pH 8.1) on binding ability of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) with lycopene (LYC) and elucidate interaction mechanisms using multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking study. β-LG at pH 8.1 showed a stronger binding affinity to lycopene than that at pH 7.0 according to binding constant, binding number, energy transfer efficiency, and surface hydrophobicity. Lycopene bound to protein mainly by van der Waals force in the form of static quenching mode and preferred to interact with β-LG at the top of barrel for both pH levels. Molecular dynamic simulation revealed that β-LG/LYC complex at pH 8.1 was more stable than at pH 7.0. β-LG/LYC complexes formed at pH 8.1 showed significantly higher ABTS radical scavenging activity than samples at pH 7.0 (p < 0.05). Data obtained may contribute valuable information for preparing a whey protein-based delivery system for lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yingcong Lu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yonghai Sun
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Boyang Sun
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Wang Cuina
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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24
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Yusof R, Jumbri K, Ahmad H, Abdulmalek E, Abdul Rahman MB. Binding of tetrabutylammonium bromide based deep eutectic solvent to DNA by spectroscopic analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 253:119543. [PMID: 33636491 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The binding characteristics of DNA in deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly the binding energy and interaction mechanism, are not widely known. In this study, the binding of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) based DES of different hydrogen bond donors (HBD), including ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (Gly), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and 1,5-pentanediol (1,5-PD), to calf thymus DNA was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. It was found that the shorter the alkyl chain length (2 carbons) and higher EG ratios of TBABr:EG (1:5) increased the binding constant (Kb) between DES and DNA up to 5.75 × 105 kJ mol-1 and decreased the binding of Gibbs energy (ΔGo) to 32.86 kJ mol-1. Through displacement studies, all synthesised DESs have been shown to displace DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and were able to bind on the minor groove of Adenine-Thymine (AT)-rich DNA. A higher number of hydroxyl (OH) groups caused the TBABr:Gly to form more hydrogen bonds with DNA bases and had the highest ability to quench DAPI from DNA, with Stern-Volmer constants (Ksv) of 115.16 M-1. This study demonstrated that the synthesised DESs were strongly bound to DNA through a combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic, and groove binding. Hence, DES has the potential to solvate and stabilise nucleic acid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizana Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Khairulazhar Jumbri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Emilia Abdulmalek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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25
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Elik A, Bingöl D, Altunay N. Ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents in developing air-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on experimental design: Application to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of cobalt in liquid and solid samples. Food Chem 2021; 350:129237. [PMID: 33618090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a new and simple microextraction procedure for cobalt determination using green ionic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent in developing air-assisted liquid-phase microextraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Thecomplexationof Co(II) ions was carried out by using dithizone solution as complexing agent at pH5.The key variables affecting microextraction steps were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design. Under the optimum microextraction conditions, calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.1-500 µg L-1 Co(II) with correlation coefficient of 0.9985. Additionally, detection limit, quantitation limit and enrichment factor were found to be 0.04 µg L-1, 0.1 µg L-1 and 175, respectively. The reproducibility and repeatability were ≤ 2.9% and ≤ 3.6%, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the proposed methodology has been successfully employed for Co analysis in liquid and solid samples with recovery range of 94.2-105%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Elik
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Deniz Bingöl
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, TR-41001 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nail Altunay
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey.
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26
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Abstract
The accurate structure determination of strigolactones (SLs) that are produced by plants leads to the precise understanding of the biosynthesis and functions of their molecules. SLs need to be isolated and purified from the plant roots or root exudates in a hydroponic solution using appropriate methods in order to determine the structures. In this chapter, we describe a small-scale extraction method for chromatographic analysis of known SLs and a large-scale purification method for isolation of unknown SLs, together with methods for the hydroponic culture of plants and collection of root exudates. Finally, we present spectroscopic data that are helpful in identifying SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe, Japan.
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27
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Wang X, Zhen G, Hao X, Tong T, Ni F, Wang Z, Jia J, Li L, Tong H. Spectroscopic investigation and comprehensive analysis of the polychrome clay sculpture of Hua Yan Temple of the Liao Dynasty. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 240:118574. [PMID: 32563912 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article shows the investigation results of the polychrome clay sculptures in Hua Yan Temple of the Liao Dynasty in Datong, China. The mineral pigments, adhesive and painting techniques used in these cultural relics were systematically analyzed in this project. Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), micro-Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses were selected as scientific micro-destructive analytical methods. The results show that the pigments in the polychrome clay sculptures include cinnabar, lead red, malachite, atacamite, azurite, orpiment and gold. Meanwhile, the presence of nitrogen-containing substances and glue-marker characteristic pyrolysis products clearly indicates that the adhesive used in most of the polychrome clay sculptures was glue-protein. Additionally, the combination of heat-bodied tung oil and glue-protein was also found in the golden areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gang Zhen
- Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation on Stone and Brick Materials, State Administration Bureau of Cultural Heritage (Shaanxi Provincial Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage), No.35 Kejiyilu, 710075 Xian, China
| | - Xinying Hao
- The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tong Tong
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, Kings Cross, London WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom
| | - Fangfang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation on Stone and Brick Materials, State Administration Bureau of Cultural Heritage (Shaanxi Provincial Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage), No.35 Kejiyilu, 710075 Xian, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation on Stone and Brick Materials, State Administration Bureau of Cultural Heritage (Shaanxi Provincial Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage), No.35 Kejiyilu, 710075 Xian, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation on Stone and Brick Materials, State Administration Bureau of Cultural Heritage (Shaanxi Provincial Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage), No.35 Kejiyilu, 710075 Xian, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Archaeology Research Center of Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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28
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Wang G, Pan X, Zhang S, Zhong Q, Zhou W, Zhang X, Wu J, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by biodegradable chelator-induced washing: Efficiencies and mechanisms. Environ Res 2020; 186:109554. [PMID: 32344210 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable chelators (BCs) are promising substitutes for conventional washing agents in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with strong complexing ability and less cost. However, great challenges for the applications of BC-assisted washing still exist, such as the assessment of the factor affecting the efficiency of metal removal and the unclear of the metal removal mechanism. Batch washing was therefore explored to evaluate the potential for four BCs for removing Cd, Pb, and Zn from polluted soils. The soil spectroscopic characteristics before and after washing were also investigated. The results demonstrated that iminodisuccinic acid (ISA) and glutamate-N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA) were an appealing alternative to commonly used non-biodegradable ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, but glucomonocarbonic acid (GCA) and polyaspartic acid (PASP) were less efficient. Optimal parameters of BCs were determined to be a concentration of 50 mmol L-1, a pH of 5.0, a contact time of 120 min, and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5, considering metal removal efficiencies and the suitable cost. A single removal washing could be up to 52.39% of Cd, 71.79% of Pb, and 34.13% of Zn from mine soil, and 98.28% of Cd, 91.10% of Pb, and 90.91% of Zn from polluted farmland soil. After washing, the intensity of heavy metal binding to soil colloids increased while the metal mobility reduced because of weakly bound fractions removed by BCs. The BCs-induced soil washing revealed that the possible mechanisms of metal removal included the acid dissolution, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Our findings highlight the potential application of especially ISA and GLDA as efficient washing agents to remove potentially toxic elements from contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Chengdu, 611130, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaomei Pan
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Chengdu Agricultural College, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Qinmei Zhong
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Protection, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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29
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Chen X, He Z, Wu X, Mao D, Feng C, Zhang J, Chen G. Comprehensive study of the interaction between Puerariae Radix flavonoids and DNA: From theoretical simulation to structural analysis to functional analysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 231:118109. [PMID: 32062512 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Puerariae Radix (PR) is a natural herb whose active ingredient is mainly flavonoids. To explore the interaction between PR flavonoids and DNA not only has important biological implications for understanding the mechanism of action, but also helps develop PR products for the design of appropriate dietary interventions to aid cancer treatment. In this work, we comprehensively studied the interaction between six kinds of PR flavonoids and DNA from four different and progressive levels, including molecular docking, multi-spectral analysis, and functional analysis in vitro and in cell. Results show that the DNA binding affinity of six flavonoids is in an order of quercetin > formononetin > daidzein > puerarin > 4'-methoxy puerarin > puerarin 6″-O-xyloside (POS), in which quercetin can significantly inhibit DNA amplification owing to its strongest binding affinity. The binding between quercetin and DNA is further revealed to be intercalated binding, which can cause conformational changes in DNA, thereby exhibiting an activity of cell cycle arrest and anti-proliferative. This property of quercetin can be utilized for the further development of flavonoids with anticancer activity. In addition to the potential application, this work also provides a platform for the comprehensive study of the interaction between micromolecules and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China; Experimental Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ziyu He
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xianyong Wu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Mao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guifang Chen
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, PR China.
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30
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Porfiri MC, Melnichuk N, Braia MJ, Brinatti C, Loh W, Romanini D. Analysis of the structure-function relationship of alpha amylase complexed with polyacrylic acid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110787. [PMID: 31954269 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amylase is frequently used in technologies that require its immobilization, stabilization or encapsulation. Polyacrylic acid is a very suitable polymer for these purposes because it can bind to enzymes and then be released under certain conditions without altering the functional capacity of enzymes. The consequences produced by polyacrylic acid on alpha-amylase structure and function have been investigated through various techniques. Calorimetric measurements allowed examining the nature of the binding reaction, stoichiometry and affinity, while spectroscopic techniques provided additional information about functional and structural perturbations of the enzyme. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed a mixed interaction and a binding model with a large number of molecules of protein per molecule of polyacrylic acid. One the one hand circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that alpha-amylase loses its secondary structure in the presence of increasing concentrations of polyacrylic acid, while it is stabilized by the polyelectrolyte at low pH. On the other hand, fluorescence spectra revealed that the three-dimensional enzyme structure was not affected in the microenvironment of tryptophan residues. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms showed that only one domain of alpha-amylase is affected in its conformational stability by the polymer. The unfolding process proved to be partially reversible. Finally, the enzyme retained more than 90 % of its catalytic activity even in excess of the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Porfiri
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Funcionalidad y Tecnología de Alimentos (LIFTA), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (UNQ), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natasha Melnichuk
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ- CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio J Braia
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ- CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - César Brinatti
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Watson Loh
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Romanini
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ- CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Suipacha 531, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang Z, He S, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Wang J, Jing R, Yang X, Hu Z, Lin X, Li Y. Spectroscopic investigation of Cu 2+, Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ adsorption behaviors by chitosan-coated argillaceous limestone: Competition and mechanisms. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:112938. [PMID: 31404731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the competitive adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ by a novel natural adsorbent (i.e., argillaceous limestone) modified with chitosan (C-AL) was investigated. The results demonstrated that both intraparticle diffusion and chemisorption marked significant contributions to the Cu2+ adsorption process by both raw argillaceous limestone (R-AL) and C-AL in mono-metal adsorption systems. Antagonism was found to be the predominant competitive effect for Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorptions by C-AL in the multi-metal adsorption system. The three-dimensional simulation and FTIR analysis revealed that the presence of Cu2+ suppressed Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorptions, while the effect of Cd2+ on Cu2+ and Pb2+ adsorptions was insignificant. The spectroscopic analyses evidenced that amide groups in C-AL played a crucial role in metal adsorption. The preferential adsorptions of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ were likely due to the different affinities of the metals to the lone pair of electrons on the N atom from the amide groups and/or the O atoms from the -OH and -COO- groups on C-AL. The interactions between C-AL and metal ions and between various metal species influenced their competitive adsorption behaviors. C-AL exhibited a superior metal adsorption capacity in comparison with that the capacities of other natural adsorbents reported during the last decade, suggesting its potential practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuran He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Yu Z, Li W, Tan S. Real-time monitoring of the membrane biofouling based on spectroscopic analysis in a marine MBBR-MBR (moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor) for saline wastewater treatment. Chemosphere 2019; 235:1154-1161. [PMID: 31561306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A MBBR-MBR system has been developed with marine microorganisms enriched for saline wastewater treatment in this work, showing high COD and NH3-N removals. The behaviour of fouling-related components (EPS and SMP) has been studied as functions of operating time (40-90 days), salinity (0-30 g/L NaCl) and backflow ratio (0-300%, from MBR to MBBR). High biodegradability of the MBBR-MBR at optimal conditions can induce more biodegradation of humic acid-like (λex/λem: 350nm/430 nm) and fulvic acid-like (260nm/445 nm) molecules to soluble microbial by-product-like molecules (275nm/325 nm), reducing the membrane biofouling rate. The biodegradation process is suggested by the excitation-emission matrix (EEM) images. In the study of sudden salinity shock, results show that real-time monitoring the concentration of biofoulants is more effective (operative time extended by 60%) than monitoring the transmembrane pressure (operative time extended by 33%) to prevent membrane fouling. Due to an early warning from the real-time monitoring, the coming membrane-fouling is predictable and the operating conditions, such as backflow ratio, can be changed to minimize the biofouling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Yu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Babar R, Munawar MA, Tahir MN, Arif M. Synthesis and optical studies of Y-shaped imidazole derivatives. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 217:223-236. [PMID: 30943447 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel series Y-shaped π-expanded imidazole based chromophores was designed and synthesized. The series contains thirteen 2-aryl-4,5-bis[2-(aryl)vinyl)]-1H-imidazoles (6a-6m), which were characterized by spectroscopic analysis. The structures of compounds 6d and 6j were also confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The optical studies were investigated using absorption and emission measurements in dichloromethane. The fluorescence quantum yields were observed varying in 0.22-0.59 range, but the compounds with nitro substituent did not show the fluorescence. The absorption and emission study of the series helped us to understand the effect of substituents on the optical properties of compounds as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Babar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Arif
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Peng S, He X, Pan H. Spectroscopic study on transformations of dissolved organic matter in coal-to-liquids wastewater under integrated chemical oxidation and biological treatment process. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 70:206-216. [PMID: 30037407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of wastewater containing various toxic organic contaminants is produced during coal-to-liquids process. In this study, several spectroscopic methods were used to monitor the transformation of organic pollutants during an integrated chemical oxidation and biological process. The results showed that the hydrophobic acid fraction increased after Fenton oxidation, which was likely due to the production of small-molecule organic acids. Soluble microbial products were generated during biological treatment processes, which were degraded after ozonation; meanwhile, the hydrophilic base and acid components increased. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis indicated that peaks at the absorption wavelengths of 280 and 254nm, which are associated with aromatic substances, were detected in the raw water. The aromatic substances were gradually removed, becoming undetectable after biological aeration filter (BAF) treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that the functional groups of phenols; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX); aromatic hydrocarbons; aliphatic acids; aldehydes; and esters were present in raw wastewater. The organic substances were oxidized into small molecules after Fenton treatment. Aromatic hydrocarbons were effectively removed through bioadsorption and biodegradation after BAF process. Biodegradable organic matter was reduced and finally became undetectable after anoxic-oxic treatment in combination with a membrane bioreactor. Four fluorescent components were fractionated and obtained via excitation-emission matrix parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Dissolved organic matter fractionation in conjunction with EEM-PARAFAC was able to monitor more precisely the evolution of characteristic organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Peng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuwen He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongwei Pan
- School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
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Liang L, Shen Y, Zhang J, Xu S, Xu W, Liang C, Han B. Identification of breast cancer through spectroscopic analysis of cell-membrane sialic acid expression. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1033:148-155. [PMID: 30172320 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of specific and reliable biomarkers or unique characteristics is significant for cancer molecular diagnosis and cancer therapeutic assessment. As a biomarker, sialic acid expression in human biofluid or on cell surface is one of interest to determine the tumor malignancy and metastasis since it involves in many crucial metabolic processes. In this work, we aimed to develop a molecular diagnosis method to make it possible to distinguish human breast cancer and normal tissues by capturing rich spectral features of phenyboronic acid-based nanoprobe (MPBA@AgNP) when it binds to sialic acid on cell surface. We analyzed and found that the marker bands at 1074 and 1570 cm-1 recorded by Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) displayed discernible spectral differences in vitro cell lines. Density functional theory (DFT) was further used to explore and support the detailed changes of vibrational modes affected by sialic acid. This method is generally applicable by testing three types of in vitro cell lines (HepG2, Hela, BNL.CL2) and one pair of the tissue sections (cancer tissue and normal tissue) from the human breast regions. Besides, the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for 1074 and 1572 cm-1 are 0.9419 and 0.9023, confirming determination of the specific molecular expression by the spectral features holds potential promise for improving cancer detection accuracy. Furthermore, sialic acid expression and distribution acquired of breast tissues by confocal SERS mapping further indicated our method is possible for cancer early diagnosis and toward to real-time in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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Almarwani B, Phambu EN, Alexander C, Nguyen HAT, Phambu N, Sunda-Meya A. Vesicles mimicking normal and cancer cell membranes exhibit differential responses to the cell-penetrating peptide Pep-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1860:1394-1402. [PMID: 29621495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) Pep-1 presents a great potential in drug delivery due to its intrinsic property to cross plasma membrane. However, its mechanism of entry into the cell remains unresolved. In this study, we compare the selectivity of Pep-1 towards vesicles mimicking normal and cancer cell membranes. The interaction was performed in a wide range of peptide-to-lipid molar ratios using infrared (IR), fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. At low peptide concentration, fluorescence experiments show that lipid-phosphatidylserine (PS) seems to enable Pep-1 translocation into cancer cell membrane as evidenced by the blue shift of its maximal emission wavelength. DSC data show that Pep-1 induces segregation of lipids. At high peptide concentration, IR data indicate that the interaction of Pep-1 is relatively stronger with normal cell membrane than with cancer cell membrane through the phosphate groups, while the interaction is weaker with normal cell membrane than with cancer cell membrane through the carbonyl groups. TGA and DSC data reveal that vesicles of normal cell membrane are thermally more stable than vesicles of cancer cell membrane. This suggests that the additional lipid PS included in cancer cell membrane has a destabilizing effect on the membrane structure. SEM images reveal that Pep-1 form superstructures including spherical particles and fibrils in the presence of both model membranes. PS seems to enhance peptide transport across cellular membranes. The biophysical techniques in this study provide valuable insights into the properties of CPPs in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashiyar Almarwani
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Esther Nzuzi Phambu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | | | - Ha Aimee T Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Nsoki Phambu
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Anderson Sunda-Meya
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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Shan G, Lu H, Li Q. The properties and dynamic changes of DOM subfractions during food waste and sugarcane leaves co-composting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:7433-7442. [PMID: 29280102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the properties and dynamic changes of humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), hydrophobic neutrals (HoN), and hydrophilic (Hi) fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during food waste and sugarcane leaves co-composting process. The pools of HA, FA, HoN, and Hi were separated from DOM by fractionation method, and characterized using spectroscopic (UV-vis, FTIR) and pyrolysis-GC/MS analyses. The least peaks in the HA pool were found in FTIR spectra with the simple structure in HA. The highest value of SUV254 was observed in HA, indicating that the HA pool played a dominant role in aromaticity of DOM. Hydrophobic compounds (HA, FA, HoN) had higher percentages of alkanes and cyclo-alkanes at the end of composting, while lower contents in the Hi pool. Both DOM and its subfractions increased the Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) seed germination rate (SGR), whereas HA had a significant effect on promoting the root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Haoyuan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Srivastava K, Rathore AK, Srivastava D. Studies on the structural changes during curing of epoxy and its blend with CTBN. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 188:99-105. [PMID: 28700962 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an agricultural renewable resource material, produces natural phenolic distillates such as cardanol. Cardanol condenses with formaldehyde at the ortho- and para-position of the phenolic ring under acidic or alkaline condition to yield a series of polymers of novolac- or resol-type phenolic resins. These phenolic resins may further be modified by epoxidation with epichlorohydrin to duplicate the performance of such phenolic-type novolacs (CFN). The structural changes during curing of blend samples of epoxy and carboxyl terminated poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (CTBN) were studies by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The epoxy samples were synthesized by biomass material, cardanol. Blend sample was prepared by physical mixing of CTBN ranging between 0 and 20weightpercent CTBN liquid rubber into cardanol-based epoxidized novolac (CEN) resin. The FTIR spectrum of uncured blend sample clearly indicated that there appeared a band in the region of 3200-3500cm-1 which might be due to the presence of phenolic hydroxyl group and OH group of the opened epoxide. Pure epoxy resin showed peaks near 856cm-1 which might be due to oxirane functionality of the epoxidized novolac resin. Both epoxy and its blend sample was cured with polyamine. The cure temperature of CEN resin was found to be decreased by the incorporation of CTBN. The decomposition behavior was also studied by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Two-step decomposition behavior was observed in both epoxy and its blend samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, V.S.S.D. College, Nawab Ganj, Kanpur 208 002, U.P., India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Rathore
- School of Chemical Technology - Department of Chemical Engineering, H. B. Technical University (Formerly H. B. Technological Institute), Kanpur 208 002, U.P., India
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- School of Chemical Technology - Department of Plastic Technology, H. B. Technical University (Formerly H. B. Technological Institute), Kanpur 208 002, U.P., India
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Mahmud ZA, Bachar SC, Hasan CM, Emran TB, Qais N, Uddin MMN. Phytochemical investigations and antioxidant potential of roots of Leea macrophylla (Roxb.). BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:245. [PMID: 28683831 PMCID: PMC5501547 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oleanolic acid (NZ-15), 7 α, 28-olean diol (NZ-38) and Stigmasterol (NZ-14) were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the roots of Leea macrophylla (Family: Leeaceae) by using chromatographic analysis. This is the first report of isolation of these compounds from this plant. Their structures were constructed by spectroscopic analysis and by comparing the data with the published one. Subsequently the ethanolic extract was fractionated with two organic solvents and all the fractions were studied to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant property. Methods The ethanolic extract was fractionated with two organic solvents and all the fractions were studied to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant property by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. Results In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of ethanolic extract revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 2.65 and 155.62 μg/ml, respectively as compared to standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value of 5.8 and 99.66 μg/ml). Ethyl acetate fraction also possessed highest reducing power activity with an EC50 value of 15.27 μg/ml compared to ascorbic acid (EC50 0.91 μg/ml). On the other hand, the carbon tetrachloride fraction exhibited most significant NO scavenging activity with IC50 value of 277.8 μg/ml that was even higher than that of standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value 356.04 μg/ml). In addition, the total phenolic contents of these extract and fractions were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and varied from 7.93 to 50.21 mg/g dry weight expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). Conclusions This study showed that different extracts of roots of L. macrophylla possess potential DPPH, superoxide, and NO free radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant activities of the plant extracts might be due to the presence of oleanolic acid, oleanolic acid derivative 7 α, 28-olean diol and stigmasterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobaer Al Mahmud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sitesh C Bachar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Choudhury Mahmood Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Applied Immunology, Kanazawa University School of Pharmacy, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4000, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Qais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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Wan X, Liu Y, Chai XS, Li Y, Guo C. A quint-wavelength UV spectroscopy for simultaneous determination of dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and benzene in simulated water reduced by nanoscale zero-valent Fe/Ni bimetal. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 181:55-59. [PMID: 28340395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A quint-wavelength UV spectroscopy for rapid determination of dichlorobenzene (DCB), chlorobenzene (CB) and benzene (B) was developed for the dechlorination process of DCB reduced by nanoscale zero-valent Fe/Ni bimetal. Based on the absorbance measurements at 260, 269, 277, 290 and 300nm, the equations for calculating the concentration of DCB and CB and B were established, in which the spectral interference from the nanoparticles could be effectively minimized. The results show that the present method has a good measurement precision (the relative standard deviations are within 2.0%) and accuracy (the recoveries are between 89 and 111%) in the DCB, CB and B's quantification. The present method is simple, rapid, and such a methodology is very suitable to be used for evaluating the dechlorination performance of chlorinated aromatic compounds in the presence of bimetal nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Youming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congbao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Trivedi MK, Dixit N, Panda P, Sethi KK, Jana S. In-depth investigation on physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium (II) gluconate using spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:332-337. [PMID: 29404057 PMCID: PMC5790707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium gluconate is a classical organometallic pharmaceutical compound used for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia as a source of magnesium ion. The present research described the in-depth study on solid state properties viz. physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium gluconate using sophisticated analytical techniques like PXRD, PSA, FT-IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, TGA/DTG, and DSC. Magnesium gluconate was found to be crystalline in nature along with the crystallite size ranging from 14.10 to 47.35 nm. The particle size distribution was at d(0.1)=6.552 µm, d(0.5)=38.299 µm, d(0.9)=173.712 µm and D(4,3)=67.122 µm along with the specific surface area of 0.372 m2/g. The wavelength for the maximum absorbance was at 198.0 nm. Magnesium gluconate exhibited 88.51% weight loss with three stages of thermal degradation process up to 895.18 °C from room temperature. The TGA/DTG thermograms of the analyte indicated that magnesium gluconate was thermally stable up to around 165 °C. Consequently, the melting temperature of magnesium gluconate was found to be 169.90 °C along with the enthalpy of fusion of 308.7 J/g. Thus, the authors conclude that the achieved results from this study are very useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the identification, characterization and qualitative analysis of magnesium gluconate for preformulation studies and also for developing magnesium gluconate based novel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neena Dixit
- National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Parthasarathi Panda
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sethi
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Snehasis Jana
- Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author.
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Li Q, Lu Y, Guo X, Shan G, Huang J. Properties and evolution of dissolved organic matter during co-composting of dairy manure and Chinese herbal residues. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:8629-8636. [PMID: 28197941 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an effective method in treating solid organic wastes, in which dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in transformation of organic matter and microbial activity. Therefore, an understanding of the properties and evolution of DOM during composting is crucial. In this study, DOM was studied using elemental analysis, spectroscopic analysis (UV-vis, FTIR, and pyrolysis-GC/MS), and colloidal analysis during a 120-day composting. Results showed that the content of N and O in DOM increased while C and H content declined progressively over the composting time. Aliphatic C-H stretching, aromatic C=C or C=O stretching of amide groups, and C-O stretch (carbohydrates) showed an obvious decrease, while COO- and C-N groups had a significant increase. The evolution of DOM indicated a gradual decrease of the lipid and polysaccharide fractions, whereas an increase of aromatic and nitrogenous compounds was observed. The DOM also showed a more stable status, and an accumulation of small molecular compounds occurred with composting proceeded. Taken together, these results shed a good insight into the properties and evolution of DOM during a composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Yanyu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Guangchun Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Mariano LNB, da Silva LM, de Souza P, Boeing T, Somensi LB, Bonomini TJ, Delle Monache F, Cechinel Filho V, de Andrade SF, Niero R. Gastroprotective xanthones isolated from Garcinia achachairu: Study on mucosal defensive factors and H(+), K(+)-ATPase activity. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 258:30-9. [PMID: 27545833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of xanthones 7-preniljacareubin (PJB), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy xanthone (THX), 3-demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidypholine (DGP) and 1,5,8-trihydroxy-4', 5'-dimethyl-2H-pyrane (2,3:3,2)-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone (TDP) isolated of branches from G. achachairu. Their structures were identified through the spectroscopic analysis in comparison with previously reported data. The xanthones were tested at dose of 10 mg/kg against ethanol 60%/HCl 0.3 N-induced gastric ulcer in female swiss mice. The xanthones PJB, THX, DGP and TDP exhibit gastroprotective effect after intraperitoneal treatment, but only the first two displayed anti-ulcer activity after oral administration. Both PJB and THX augmented the antioxidative capacity of tissue by an increase in glutathione levels, as well as were able to prevent an increase in myeloperoxidase activity and tumor necrosis factor level. On the other hand, only THX showed an in vitro free radical scavenger activity, and only PJB avoided mucus depletion on gastric mucosa, which was not associated with an increase in mucin production at glandular level. In addition, PJB and THX inhibited the in vitro H(+)K(+)-ATPase activity at similar range as omeprazole. Together, these results demonstrate the anti-ulcer efficacy of xanthones isolated from G. achachairu, which can contribute for future directions in the development of effective strategies to improve gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Tiago José Bonomini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Franco Delle Monache
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Provenzano MR, Cavallo O, Malerba AD, Di Maria F, Cucina M, Massaccesi L, Gigliotti G. Co-treatment of fruit and vegetable waste in sludge digesters: Chemical and spectroscopic investigation by fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Waste Manag 2016; 50:283-289. [PMID: 26946935 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge was performed in a pilot apparatus reproducing operating conditions of an existing full scale digester and processing waste mixed sludge (WMS) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) at different organic loading rates. An analysis of the relationship among bio-methane generation, process stability and digestate phytotoxicity was conducted. In this paper we considered humification parameters and spectroscopic analysis. Humification parameters indicated a higher not humified fraction (NH) and a lower degree of humification (DH) of FVW with respect to WMS (NH=19.22 and 5.10%; DH=36.65 and 61.94% for FVW and WMS, respectively) associated with their different chemical compositions and with the stabilization process previously undergone by sludge. FVW additions seemed to be favourable from an agronomical point of view since a lower percentage of organic carbon was lost. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested consumption of aliphatics associated with rising in bio-methane generation followed by accumulation of aliphatics and carboxylic acids when the biogas production dropped. The trend of peaks ratios can be used as an indicator of the process efficiency. Fluorescence intensity of peak B associated with tryptophan-like substances and peak D associated with humic-like substances observed on tridimensional Excitation Emission Matrix maps increased up to sample corresponding to the highest rate of biogas production. Overall spectroscopic results provided evidence of different chemical pathways of anaerobic digestion associated with increasing amount of FVW which led to different levels of biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Provenzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Ornella Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Daniela Malerba
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Maria
- LAR - Dipartimento di Ingegneria - University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mirko Cucina
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Massaccesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gigliotti
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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45
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Tu LY, Pi J, Jin H, Cai JY, Deng SP. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of kaempferol-zinc(II) complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2730-4. [PMID: 27080177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the previous studies, the anticancer activity of flavonoids could be enhanced when they are coordinated with transition metal ions. In this work, kaempferol-zinc(II) complex (kaempferol-Zn) was synthesized and its chemical properties were characterized by UV-VIS, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis, electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) and fluorescence spectroscopy, which showed that the synthesized complex was coordinated with a Zn(II) ion via the 3-OH and 4-oxo groups. The anticancer effects of kaempferol-Zn and free kaempferol on human oesophageal cancer cell line (EC9706) were compared. MTT results demonstrated that the killing effect of kaempferol-Zn was two times higher than that of free kaempferol. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the morphological and ultrastructural changes of cellular membrane induced by kaempferol-Zn at subcellular or nanometer level. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis indicated that kaempferol-Zn could induce apoptosis in EC9706 cells by regulating intracellular calcium ions. Collectively, all the data showed that kaempferol-Zn might be served as a kind of potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-Ying Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000853, PR China
| | - Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000853, PR China
| | - Ji-Ye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 000853, PR China
| | - Sui-Ping Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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46
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Szkudlarek A, Maciążek-Jurczyk M, Chudzik M, Równicka-Zubik J, Sułkowska A. Alteration of human serum albumin tertiary structure induced by glycation. Spectroscopic study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 153:560-565. [PMID: 26433342 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The modification of human serum albumin (HSA) structure by non-enzymatic glycation is one of the underlying factors that contribute to the development of complications of diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present work was to estimate how glycation of HSA altered its tertiary structure. Changes of albumin conformation were investigated by comparison of glycated (gHSA) and non-glycated human serum albumin (HSA) absorption spectra, red edge excitation shift (REES) and synchronous spectra. Effect of glycation on human serum albumin tertiary structure was also investigated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Formation of gHSA Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) caused absorption of UV-VIS light between 310 nm and 400 nm while for non-glycated HSA in this region no absorbance has been registered. Analysis of red edge excitation shift effect allowed for observation of structural changes of gHSA in the hydrophobic pocket containing the tryptophanyl residue. Moreover changes in the microenvironment of tryptophanyl and tyrosyl residues brought about AGEs on the basis of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy have been confirmed. The influence of glycation process on serum albumin binding to 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (DNSA), 2-(p-toluidino) naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (TNS), has been studied. Fluorescence analysis showed that environment of both binding site I and II is modified by galactose glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szkudlarek
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Physical Pharmacy, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Jagiellońska 4, Poland.
| | - M Maciążek-Jurczyk
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Physical Pharmacy, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Jagiellońska 4, Poland
| | - M Chudzik
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Physical Pharmacy, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Jagiellońska 4, Poland
| | - J Równicka-Zubik
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Physical Pharmacy, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Jagiellońska 4, Poland
| | - A Sułkowska
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Department of Physical Pharmacy, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Jagiellońska 4, Poland
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Abstract
This chapter includes the aspects of carbamazepine. The drug is synthesized by the use of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine and phosgene followed by subsequent reaction with ammonia. Carbamazepine is generally used for the treatment of seizure disorders and neuropathic pain, it is also important as off-label for a second-line treatment for bipolar disorder and in combination with an antipsychotic in some cases of schizophrenia when treatment with a conventional antipsychotic alone has failed. Other uses may include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, phantom limb syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, borderline personality disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The chapter discusses the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and presents various methods of analysis of this drug such electrochemical analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and chromatographic techniques of separation. It also discusses its physical properties such as solubility characteristics, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and thermal methods of analysis. The chapter is concluded with a discussion on its biological properties such as activity, toxicity, and safety.
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48
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Elius Hossain M, Mahmudul Hasan M, Halim ME, Ehsan MQ, Halim MA. Interaction between transition metals and phenylalanine: a combined experimental and computational study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 138:499-508. [PMID: 25528509 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Some transition metal complexes of phenylalanine of general formula [M(C9H10NO2)2]; where M=Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) are prepared in aqueous medium and characterized by spectroscopic, thermo-gravimetric (TG) and magnetic susceptibility analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) has been employed calculating the equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies of those complexes at B3LYP level of theory using 6-31G(d) and SDD basis sets. In addition, frontier molecular orbital and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations are performed with CAM-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/SDD level of theories. Thermo-gravimetric analysis confirms the composition of the complexes by comparing the experimental and calculated data for C, H, N and metals. Experimental and computed IR results predict a significant change in vibrational frequencies of metal-phenylalanine complexes compared to free ligand. DFT calculation confirms that Mn, Co, Ni and Cu complexes form square planar structure whereas Zn adopts distorted tetrahedral geometry. The metal-oxygen bonds in the optimized geometry of all complexes are shorter compared to the metal-nitrogen bonds which is consistent with a previous study. Cation-binding energy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy indicates that these complexes are thermodynamically stable. UV-vis and TD-DFT studies reveal that these complexes demonstrate representative metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and d-d transitions bands. TG analysis and IR spectra of the metal complexes strongly support the absence of water in crystallization. Magnetic susceptibility data of the complexes exhibits that all except Zn(II) complex are high spin paramagnetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Elius Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M E Halim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Q Ehsan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad A Halim
- Bangladesh Institute of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, 38 Green Road West, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh.
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Fernández-Gómez MJ, Nogales R, Plante A, Plaza C, Fernández JM. Application of a set of complementary techniques to understand how varying the proportion of two wastes affects humic acids produced by vermicomposting. Waste Manag 2015; 35:81-88. [PMID: 25318702 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of how varying the proportion of different organic wastes affects humic acid (HA) formation during vermicomposting would be useful in producing vermicomposts enriched in HAs. With the aim of improving the knowledge about this issue, a variety of analytical techniques [UV-visible spectroscopic, Fourier transform infrared, fluorescence spectra, solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, and thermal analysis] was used in the present study to characterize HAs isolated from two mixtures at two different ratios (2:1 and 1:1) of tomato-plant debris (TD) and paper-mill sludge (PS) before and after vermicomposting. The results suggest that vermicomposting increased the HA content in the TD/PS 2:1 and 1:1 mixtures (15.9% and 16.2%, respectively), but the vermicompost produced from the mixture with a higher amount of TD had a greater proportion (24%) of HAs. Both vermicomposting processes caused equal modifications in the humic precursors contained in the different mixtures of TD and PS, and consequently, the HAs in the vermicomposts produced from different waste mixtures exhibited analogous characteristics. Only the set of analytical techniques used in this research was able to detect differences between the HAs isolated from each type of vermicompost. In conclusion, varying the proportion of different wastes may have a stronger influence on the amount of HAs in vermicomposts than on the properties of HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J Fernández-Gómez
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Rogelio Nogales
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Alain Plante
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Hayden Hall, 240 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Fernández
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Hayden Hall, 240 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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50
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Szymanska-Chargot M, Chylinska M, Kruk B, Zdunek A. Combining FT-IR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cell wall composition changes during apples development. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 115:93-103. [PMID: 25439873 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the composition of the cell wall material from apples during development by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The FT-IR region of 1500-800 cm(-1), containing characteristic bands for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose, was examined using principal component analysis (PCA), k-means clustering and partial least squares (PLS). The samples were differentiated by development stage and cultivar using PCA and k-means clustering. PLS calibration models for galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose content from FT-IR spectra were developed and validated with the reference data. PLS models were tested using the root-mean-square errors of cross-validation for contents of galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose which was 8.30 mg/g, 4.08% and 1.74%, respectively. It was proven that FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods has potential for fast and reliable determination of the main constituents of fruit cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szymanska-Chargot
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland.
| | - M Chylinska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland
| | - B Kruk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland
| | - A Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin 27, Poland
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