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Tamayo E, Nada B, Hafermann I, Benz JP. Correlating sugar transporter expression and activities to identify transporters for an orphan sugar substrate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:83. [PMID: 38189952 PMCID: PMC10774165 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi like Neurospora crassa are able to take up and metabolize important sugars present, for example, in agricultural and human food wastes. However, only a fraction of all putative sugar transporters in filamentous fungi has been characterized to date, and for many sugar substrates, the corresponding transporters are unknown. In N. crassa, only 14 out of the 42 putative major facilitator superfamily (MFS)-type sugar transporters have been characterized so far. To uncover this hidden potential for biotechnology, it is therefore necessary to find new strategies. By correlation of the uptake profile of sugars of interest after different induction conditions with the expression profiles of all 44 genes encoding predicted sugar transporters in N. crassa, together with an exhaustive phylogenetic analysis using sequences of characterized fungal sugar transporters, we aimed to identify transporter candidates for the tested sugars. Following this approach, we found a high correlation of uptake rates and expression strengths for many sugars with dedicated transporters, like galacturonic acid and arabinose, while the correlation is loose for sugars that are transported by several transporters due to functional redundancy. Nevertheless, this combinatorial approach allowed us to elucidate the uptake system for the disaccharide lactose, a by-product of the dairy industry, which consists of the two main cellodextrin transporters CDT-1 and CDT-2 with a minor contribution of the related transporter NCU00809. Moreover, a non-MFS transporter involved in glycerol transport was also identified. Deorphanization of sugar transporters or identification of transporters for orphan sugar substrates by correlation of uptake kinetics with transporter expression and phylogenetic information can thus provide a way to optimize the reuse of food industry by-products and agricultural wastes by filamentous fungi in order to create economic value and reduce their environmental impact. KEY POINTS: • The Neurospora crassa genome contains 30 uncharacterized putative sugar transporter genes. • Correlation of transporter expression and sugar uptake profiles can help to identify transporters for orphan sugar substrates. • CDT-1, CDT-2, and NCU00809 are key players in the transport of the dairy by-product lactose in N. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Tamayo
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Basant Nada
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Isabell Hafermann
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Fungal Biotechnology in Wood Science, Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Wu Y, Wang S, Du W, Ding Y, Li W, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Wang Y. Sugar transporter ZmSWEET1b is responsible for assimilate allocation and salt stress response in maize. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:137. [PMID: 37093289 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Sugar efflux transporter SWEET family is involved in multiple biological processes, from nectar secretion, pollen fertility to seed filling. Although roles of SWEETs in abiotic stress adaption have been revealed mainly in reference organism Arabidopsis, cereal crops SWEETs responses to abiotic stimulation remain largely elusive. Here, we report the characterization of maize SWEET family member ZmSWEET1b, with emphasis on its response to salinity stress. ZmSWEET1b is a canonical sugar transporter, characteristic of seven transmembrane helices and plasma membrane localization. ZmSWEET1b and its rice ortholog OsSWEET1b in phylogenetic clade I underwent convergent selection during evolution. Two independent knockout lines were created by the CRISPR/Cas9 method to functionally characterized ZmSWEET1b. Sucrose and fructose contents are significantly decreased in ZmSWEET1b knockout lines. Mature leaves of ZmSWEET1b-edited lines exhibit chlorosis, reminiscent of senescence-like phenotype. Ears and seeds of ZmSWEET1b knockout lines are small. Upon salinity treatment, ZmSWEET1b-edited lines become more wilted. Transcriptional abundance of genes for Na+ efflux from roots to the rhizosphere, including ZmSOS1, ZmH+-ATPASE 2, and ZmH+-ATPASE 8, is decreased in salt-treated ZmSWEET1b knockout lines. These findings indicate that convergently selected sugar transporter ZmSWEET1b is important for maize plant development and responses to salt stress. The manipulation of ZmSWEET1b may represent a feasible way forward in the breeding of salinity tolerant ideotypes through the optimization of assimilate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinting Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenhui Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuhang Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yudong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhongtian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Collis HL, Owen MR, Band LR. Long-distance hormone transport via the phloem. J Theor Biol 2023; 562:111415. [PMID: 36669726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several key plant hormones are synthesised in the shoot and are advected within the phloem to the root tip. In the root tip, these hormones regulate growth and developmental processes, and responses to environmental cues. However, we lack understanding of how environmental factors and biological parameters affect the delivery of hormones to the root tip. In this study, we build on existing models of phloem flow to develop a mathematical model of sugar transport alongside the transport of a generic hormone. We derive the equations for osmotically driven flow in a long, thin pipe with spatially varying membrane properties to capture the phloem loading and unloading zones. Motivated by experimental findings, we formulate solute membrane transport in terms of passive and active components, and incorporate solute unloading via bulk flow (i.e. advection with the water efflux) by including the Staverman reflection coefficient. We use the model to investigate the coupling between the sugar and hormone dynamics. The model predicts that environmental cues that lead to an increase in active sugar loading, an increase in bulk flow sugar unloading or a decrease in the relative root sugar concentration result in an increase in phloem transport velocity. Furthermore, the model reveals that such increases in phloem transport velocity result in an increase in hormone delivery to the root tip for passively loaded hormones.
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Xu M, Zhang Y, Yang X, Xing J, Qi J, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ye D, Tang C. Genome-wide analysis of the SWEET genes in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin: An insight into two latex-abundant isoforms. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:440-448. [PMID: 36493591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (Tk) is a promising alternative rubber-producing grass. However, low biomass and rubber-producing capability limit its commercial application. As a carbon source transporter in plants, sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in diverse physiological events in the context of carbon assimilate transport and utilization. Theoretically, SWEETs would participate in Tk growth, development and response to environmental cues with relation to the accumulation of rubber and biomass, both of which rely on the input of carbon assimilates. Here, we identified 22 TkSWEETs through homology searching of the Tk genomes and bioinformatics analyses. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis revealed these TkSWEETs to have overlapping yet distinct tissue expression patterns. Two TkSWEET isofroms, TkSWEET1 and TkSWEET12 expressed substantially in the latex, the cytoplasm of rubber-producing laticifers as well as the rubber source. As revealed by the transient expression analysis using Tk mesophyll protoplasts, both TkSWEET1 and TkSWEET12 were located in the plasma membrane. Heterologous expressions of the two TkSWEETs in a yeast mutant revealed that only TkSWEET1 exhibited apparent sugar transport activities, with a preference for monosaccharides. Interestingly, TkSWEET12, the latex-predominant TkSWEET isoform, seemed to have evolved from a tandem duplication event that results in a cluster of six TkSWEET genes with the TkSWEET12 therein, suggesting its specialized roles in the laticifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Xu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jianfeng Xing
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jiyan Qi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - De Ye
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chaorong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Natural Rubber Cooperative Innovation Center of Hainan Province and Ministry of Education of PR China, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Fan XW, Sun JL, Cai Z, Zhang F, Li YZ, Palta JA. MeSWEET15a/b genes play a role in the resistance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to water and salt stress by modulating sugar distribution. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 194:394-405. [PMID: 36481708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sugar transporter SWEET plays a role in plant growth, carbon allocation, and abiotic stress resistance. We examined the function of SWEET in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under water and salt stress. Bioinformatics, subcellular localization, yeast deficient complementation, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) were used to examine the function of SWEET in cassava. Twenty-eight MeSWEETs genes were found based on the conserved domain MtN3/saliva of SWEET transporters, two MeSWEET15a/b of them were identified by phylogenetic analysis, which were located on the cell membrane. They transfer sucrose, fructose, glucose, and mannitol from culture media to yeast cells, predominately transferring sucrose via bleeding fluid saps in plant. Leaf sucrose content was increased in MeSWEET15a/b-silenced cassava plants, resulting in changes in carbon distribution, with an increase in starch accumulation in the leaves and a decrease in starch accumulation in the roots. The silencing of MeSWEET15a/b genes led to tolerance to water and salt stress, consistent with a high accumulation of osmolytes, and low lipid membrane peroxidation. Changes in sugar distribution increased the expression of MeTOR and MeE2Fa in pTRV2-MeSWEET15a and pTRV2-MeSWEET15b cassava leaves. MeSWEET15a/b acts as pivotal modulators of sugar distribution and tolerance to water and high salt stress in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Jin-Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - You-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jairo A Palta
- CSIRO, Agriculture Flagship, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Song M, Zhang X, Yang J, Gao C, Wei Y, Chen S, Liesche J. Arabidopsis plants engineered for high root sugar secretion enhance the diversity of soil microorganisms. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100638. [PMID: 35894173 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plants secrete sugars from their roots into the soil, presumably to support beneficial plant-microbe interactions. Accordingly, manipulation of sugar secretion might be a viable strategy to enhance plant health and productivity. To evaluate the effect of increased root sugar secretion on plant performance and the soil microbiome, we overexpressed glucose and sucrose-specific membrane transporters in root epidermal cells of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants showed strongly increased rates of sugar secretion in a hydroponic culture system. When grown on soil, the transporter-overexpressor plants displayed a higher photosynthesis rate, but reduced shoot growth compared to the wild-type control. Amplicon sequencing and qPCR analysis of rhizosphere soil samples indicated a limited effect on the total abundance of bacteria and fungi, but a strong effect on community structure in soil samples associated with the overexpressors. Notable changes included the increased abundance of bacteria belonging to the genus Rhodanobacter and the fungi belonging to the genus Cutaneotrichosporon, while Candida species abundance was reduced. The potential influences of the altered soil microbiome on plant health and productivity are discussed. The results indicate that the engineering of sugar secretion can be a viable pathway to enhancing the carbon sequestration rate and optimizing the soil microbiome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jintao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Yahong Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shaolin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semiarid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.,State Key Laboratory of Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Hua X, Shen Q, Li Y, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Akbar S, Wang Z, Zhang J. Functional characterization and analysis of transcriptional regulation of sugar transporter SWEET13c in sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:363. [PMID: 35869432 PMCID: PMC9308298 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane is an important crop for sugar production worldwide. The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are a group of sugar transporters recently identified in sugarcane. In Saccharum spontaneum, SsSWEET13c played a role in the sucrose transportation from the source to the sink tissues, which was found to be mainly active in the mature leaf. However, the function and regulation of SWEETs in sugarcane remain elusive despite extensive studies performed on sugar metabolism. RESULTS In this study, we showed that SsSWEET13c is a member of SWEET gene family in S. spontaneum, constituting highest circadian rhythm-dependent expression. It is a functional gene that facilitates plant root elongation and increase fresh weight of Arabidopsis thaliana, when overexpressed. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid assays indicate that 20 potential transcription factors (TFs) could bind to the SsSWEET13c promoter in S. spontaneum. We combined transcriptome data from developmental gradient leaf with distinct times during circadian cycles and stems/leaves at different growth stages. We have uncovered that 14 out of 20 TFs exhibited positive/negative gene expression patterns relative to SsSWEET13c. In the source tissues, SsSWEET13c was mainly positively regulated by SsbHLH34, SsTFIIIA-a, SsMYR2, SsRAP2.4 and SsbHLH035, while negatively regulated by SsABS5, SsTFIIIA-b and SsERF4. During the circadian rhythm, it was noticed that SsSWEET13c was more active in the morning than in the afternoon. It was likely due to the high level of sugar accumulation at night, which was negatively regulated by SsbZIP44, and positively regulated by SsbHLH34. Furthermore, in the sink tissues, SsSWEET13c was also active for sugar accumulation, which was positively regulated by SsbZIP44, SsTFIIIA-b, SsbHLH34 and SsTFIIIA-a, and negatively regulated by SsERF4, SsHB36, SsDEL1 and SsABS5. Our results were further supported by one-to-one yeast hybridization assay which verified that 12 potential TFs could bind to the promoter of SsSWEET13c. CONCLUSIONS A module of the regulatory network was proposed for the SsSWEET13c in the developmental gradient of leaf and circadian rhythm in S. spontaneum. These results provide a novel understanding of the function and regulation of SWEET13c during the sugar transport and biomass production in S. spontaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiaochu Shen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Estrada-Ávila AK, González-Hernández JC, Calahorra M, Sánchez NS, Peña A. Xylose and yeasts: A story beyond xylitol production. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130154. [PMID: 35461922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Six different yeasts were used to study their metabolism of glucose and xylose, and mainly their capacity to produce ethanol and xylitol. The strains used were Candida guilliermondii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Clavispora lusitaniae, four isolated from a rural mezcal fermentation facility. All of them produced ethanol when the substrate was glucose. When incubated in a medium containing xylose instead of glucose, only K. marxianus and M. guilliermondii were able to produce ethanol from xylose. On the other hand, all of them could produce some xylitol from xylose, but the most active in this regard were K. marxianus, M. guilliermondii, Candida lusitaniae, and C. guilliermondii with the highest amount of xylitol produced. The capacity of all strains to take up glucose and xylose was also studied. Xylose, in different degrees, produced a redox imbalance in all yeasts. Respiration capacity was also studied with glucose or xylose, where C. guilliermondii, D. hansenii, K. marxianus and M. guilliermondii showed higher cyanide resistant respiration when grown in xylose. Neither xylose transport nor xylitol production were enhanced by an acidic environment (pH 4), which can be interpreted as the absence of a proton/sugar symporter mechanism for xylose transport, except for C. lusitaniae. The effects produced by xylose and their magnitude depend on the background of the studied yeast and the conditions in which these are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Karina Estrada-Ávila
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City (+5255)56225633, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos González-Hernández
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Av. Tecnológico # 1500. Colonia Lomas de Santiaguito, 58120 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Martha Calahorra
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City (+5255)56225633, Mexico
| | - Norma Silvia Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City (+5255)56225633, Mexico
| | - Antonio Peña
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City (+5255)56225633, Mexico.
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9
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Asenstorfer RE, Ryder MH, Jones GP. Agrocinopine C, a Ti-plasmid-coded enzyme-product, is a 2-O, 6-O linked phosphodiester of D-Glucose and sucrose. Phytochemistry 2022; 194:113013. [PMID: 34839131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agrocinopine C is a small molecule found in crown gall tumours induced by pathogenic Agrobacterium radiobacter carrying the tumour-inducing plasmid pTi Bo542. This phosphodiester opine was isolated (at 0.02 g/100 g fresh wt.) from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) galls. It is structurally related to agrocinopine A and is a glucose-2-phosphodiester linked to the C6-hydroxy-methyl group of the glucose moiety of sucrose. Sugar-2-phosphates are uncommon in plant tissues, whether transformed by Agrobacterium or not. 1H and 31P NMR signal multiplicity indicates five-fold anomeric complexity of agrocinopine C in solution, implying that the permeases taking up these sucrose-phosphodiesters could recognise any one of the five anomers. Data suggests that the open chain aldehyde forms of the 2-phosphorylated opines agrocinopine C and agrocinopine A and the corresponding phosphorylated glucose-2-phosphoramidate component of the antibiotic agrocin 84 play a central role in agrocin's selective toxicity to certain strains of Agrobacterium after uptake via Ti plasmid-encoded permeases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Asenstorfer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Maarten H Ryder
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
| | - Graham P Jones
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Research Institute, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
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10
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Kumawat S, Sharma Y, Vats S, Sudhakaran S, Sharma S, Mandlik R, Raturi G, Kumar V, Rana N, Kumar A, Sonah H, Deshmukh R. Understanding the role of SWEET genes in fruit development and abiotic stress in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1329-1339. [PMID: 34855106 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporters (SWEET), consisting of the MtN3 and salvia domain, are sugar transporters having an active role in diverse activities in plants such as pollen nutrition, phloem loading, nectar secretion, reproductive tissue development, and plant-pathogen interaction. The SWEET genes have been characterized only in a few fruit crop species. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a total of 15 SWEET genes were identified in the pomegranate (Punica granatum) genome. The gene structure, transmembrane (TM) helices, domain architecture, and phylogenetic relationships of these genes were evaluated using computational approaches. Genes were further classified as Semi-SWEETs or SWEETs based on the TM domains. Similarly, pomegranate, Arabidopsis, rice, and soybean SWEETs were studied together to classify into major groups. In addition, analysis of RNAseq transcriptome data was performed to study SWEEET gene expression dynamics in different tissue. The expression suggests that SWEETs are mostly expressed in pomegranate peel. In addition, PgSWEET13 was found to be differentially expressed under high salinity stress in pomegranate. Further, quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the expression of four candidate genes in leaf and stem tissues. CONCLUSION The information provided here will help to understand the role of SWEET genes in fruit development and under abiotic stress conditions in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Sreeja Sudhakaran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector 80, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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11
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Lin Q, Zhong Q, Zhang Z. Identification and functional analysis of SWEET gene family in Averrhoa carambola L. fruits during ripening. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11404. [PMID: 34131516 PMCID: PMC8174149 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs), a type of sugar efflux transporters, have been extensively researched upon due to their role in phloem loading for distant sugar transport, fruit development, and stress regulation, etc. Several plant species are known to possess the SWEET genes; however, little is known about their presence in Averrhoa Carambola L. (Oxalidaceae), an evergreen fruit crop (star fruit) in tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia. In this study, we established an Averrhoa Carambola L. unigenes library from fruits of ‘XianMiyangtao’ (XM) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 99,319 unigenes, each longer than 200 bp with a total length was 72.00 Mb, were identified. A total of 51,642 unigenes (52.00%) were annotated. Additionally, 10 AcSWEET genes from the Averrhoa Carambola L. unigenes library were identified and classified, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their structures and conserved motif compositions, and evolutionary relationships. Moreover, the expression patterns of AcSWEETs in ‘XM’ cultivars during fruit ripening were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), combined with the soluble sugar and titratable acids content during ripening, showed that AcSWEET2a/2b and AcSWEET16b might participate in sugar transport during fruit ripening. This work presents a general profile of the AcSWEET gene family in Averrhoa Carambola L., which can be used to perform further studies on elucidating the functional roles of AcSWEET genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Lin
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuzhen Zhong
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zehuang Zhang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Keller I, Rodrigues CM, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Improved resource allocation and stabilization of yield under abiotic stress. J Plant Physiol 2021; 257:153336. [PMID: 33360492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are the main building blocks for carbohydrate storage, but also serve as signaling molecules and protective compounds during abiotic stress responses. Accordingly, sugar transport proteins fulfill multiple roles as they mediate long distance sugar allocation, but also shape the subcellular and tissue-specific carbohydrate profiles by balancing the levels of these molecules in various compartments. Accordingly, transporter activity represents a target by classical or directed breeding approaches, to either, directly increase phloem loading or to increase sink strength in crop species. The relative subcellular distribution of sugars is critical for molecular signaling affecting yield-relevant processes like photosynthesis, onset of flowering and stress responses, while controlled long-distance sugar transport directly impacts development and productivity of plants. However, long-distance transport is prone to become unbalanced upon adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, we highlight the influence of stress stimuli on sucrose transport in the phloem and include the role of stress induced cellular carbohydrate sinks, like raffinose or fructans, which possess important roles to build up tolerance against challenging environmental conditions. In addition, we report on recent breeding approaches that resulted in altered source and sink capacities, leading to increased phloem sucrose shuttling in crops. Finally, we present strategies integrating the need of cellular stress-protection into the general picture of long-distance transport under abiotic stress, and point to possible approaches improving plant performance and resource allocation under adverse environmental conditions, leading to stabilized or even increased crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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13
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Díaz-Fernández D, Muñoz-Fernández G, Martín VI, Revuelta JL, Jiménez A. Sugar transport for enhanced xylose utilization in Ashbya gossypii. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:1173-1179. [PMID: 33037458 PMCID: PMC7728639 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The co-utilization of mixed (pentose/hexose) sugars constitutes a challenge for microbial fermentations. The fungus Ashbya gossypii, which is currently exploited for the industrial production of riboflavin, has been presented as an efficient biocatalyst for the production of biolipids using xylose-rich substrates. However, the utilization of xylose in A. gossypii is hindered by hexose sugars. Three A. gossypii homologs (AFL204C, AFL205C and AFL207C) of the yeast HXT genes that code for hexose transporters have been identified and characterized by gene-targeting approaches. Significant differences in the expression profile of the HXT homologs were found in response to different concentrations of sugars. More importantly, an amino acid replacement (N355V) in AFL205Cp, introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic edition, notably enhanced the utilization of xylose in the presence of glucose. Hence, the introduction of the afl205c-N355V allele in engineered strains of A. gossypii will further benefit the utilization of mixed sugars in this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz-Fernández
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología Y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gloria Muñoz-Fernández
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología Y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Victoria Isabel Martín
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología Y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Luis Revuelta
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología Y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- Metabolic Engineering Group, Departamento de Microbiología Y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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14
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Aboulwafa M, Zhang Z, Saier MH. Protein-Protein Interactions in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Escherichia coli: Influence of the Overexpression of Diverse Transporter-Encoding Genes on the Activities of PTS Sugar Uptake Systems. Microb Physiol 2020; 30:36-49. [PMID: 32998150 DOI: 10.1159/000510257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The prokaryotic phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) concomitantly transports and phosphorylates its substrate sugars. In a recent publication, we provided evidence that protein-protein interactions of the fructose-specific integral membrane transporter (FruAB) with other PTS sugar group translocators regulate the activities of the latter systems in vivo and sometimes in vitro. In this communication, we examine the consequences of the overexpression of several different transport systems on the activities of selected PTS and non-PTS permeases. We report that high levels of these transport systems enhance the in vivo activities of several other systems in a fairly specific fashion. Thus, (1) overexpression of ptsG (glucose porter) selectively enhanced mannitol, N-acetylglucosamine, and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake rates; (2) overexpression of mtlA (mannitol porter) promoted methyl α-glucoside (αMG) and 2DG uptake; (3) manYZ (but not manY alone) (mannose porter) overexpression enhanced αMG uptake; (4) galP (galactose porter) overexpression enhanced mannitol and αMG uptake; and (5) ansP (asparagine porter) overexpression preferentially enhanced αMG and 2DG uptake, all presumably as a result of direct protein-protein interactions. Thus, it appears that high level production of several integral membrane permeases enhances sugar uptake rates, with the PtsG and ManXYZ systems being most consistently stimulated, but the MtlA and NagE systems being more selectively stimulated and to a lesser extent. Neither enhanced expression nor in vitro PEP-dependent phosphorylation activities of the target PTS systems were appreciably affected. The results are consistent with the suggestion that integral membrane transport proteins form an interacting network in vivo with physiological consequences, dependent on specific transporters and their concentrations in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aboulwafa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zhongge Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Milton H Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,
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15
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Nijland JG, Li X, Shin HY, de Waal PP, Driessen AJM. Efficient, D-glucose insensitive, growth on D-xylose by an evolutionary engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 19:5647354. [PMID: 31782779 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimizing D-xylose consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for cost-efficient cellulosic bioethanol production. An evolutionary engineering approach was used to elevate D-xylose consumption in a xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain carrying the D-xylose-specific N367I mutation in the endogenous chimeric Hxt36 hexose transporter. This strain carries a quadruple hexokinase deletion that prevents glucose utilization, and allows for selection of improved growth rates on D-xylose in the presence of high D-glucose concentrations. Evolutionary engineering resulted in D-glucose-insensitive growth and consumption of D-xylose, which could be attributed to glucose insensitive D-xylose uptake via a novel chimeric Hxt37 N367I transporter that emerged from a fusion of the HXT36 and HXT7 genes, and a down regulation of a set of Hxt transporters that mediate glucose sensitive xylose transport. RNA sequencing revealed the downregulation of HXT1 and HXT2 which, together with the deletion of HXT7, resulted in a 21% reduction of the expression of all plasma membrane transporters genes. Morphological analysis showed an increased cell size and corresponding increased cell surface area of the evolved strain, which could be attributed to genome duplication. Mixed strain fermentation of the D-xylose-consuming strain DS71054-evo6 with the D-glucose consuming CEN.PK113-7D strain resulted in decreased residual sugar concentrations and improved ethanol production yields compared to a strain which sequentially consumes D-glucose and D-xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen G Nijland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hyun Yong Shin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P de Waal
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology (GBB), University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Jeckelmann JM, Erni B. Transporters of glucose and other carbohydrates in bacteria. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1129-53. [PMID: 32372286 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose arguably is the most important energy carrier, carbon source for metabolites and building block for biopolymers in all kingdoms of life. The proper function of animal organs and tissues depends on the continuous supply of glucose from the bloodstream. Most animals can resorb only a small number of monosaccharides, mostly glucose, galactose and fructose, while all other sugars oligosaccharides and dietary fibers are degraded and metabolized by the microbiota of the lower intestine. Bacteria, in contrast, are omnivorous. They can import and metabolize structurally different sugars and, as a consortium of different species, utilize almost any sugar, sugar derivative and oligosaccharide occurring in nature. Bacteria have membrane transport systems for the uptake of sugars against steep concentration gradients energized by ATP, the proton motive force and the high energy glycolytic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Different uptake mechanisms and the broad range of overlapping substrate specificities allow bacteria to quickly adapt to and colonize changing environments. Here, we review the structures and mechanisms of bacterial representatives of (i) ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, (ii) major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters, (iii) sodium solute symporters (SSS) and (iv) enzyme II integral membrane subunits of the bacterial PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). We give a short overview on the distribution of transporter genes and their phylogenetic relationship in different bacterial species. Some sugar transporters are hijacked for import of bacteriophage DNA and antibacterial toxins (bacteriocins) and they facilitate the penetration of polar antibiotics. Finally, we describe how the expression and activity of certain sugar transporters are controlled in response to the availability of sugars and how the presence and uptake of sugars may affect pathogenicity and host-microbiota interactions.
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17
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Malinova I, Kössler S, Orawetz T, Matthes U, Orzechowski S, Koch A, Fettke J. Identification of Two Arabidopsis thaliana Plasma Membrane Transporters Able to Transport Glucose 1-Phosphate. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:381-392. [PMID: 31722406 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary carbohydrate metabolism in plants includes several sugar and sugar-derivative transport processes. Over recent years, evidences have shown that in starch-related transport processes, in addition to glucose 6-phosphate, maltose, glucose and triose-phosphates, glucose 1-phosphate also plays a role and thereby increases the possible fluxes of sugar metabolites in planta. In this study, we report the characterization of two highly similar transporters, At1g34020 and At4g09810, in Arabidopsis thaliana, which allow the import of glucose 1-phosphate through the plasma membrane. Both transporters were expressed in yeast and were biochemically analyzed to reveal an antiport of glucose 1-phosphate/phosphate. Furthermore, we showed that the apoplast of Arabidopsis leaves contained glucose 1-phosphate and that the corresponding mutant of these transporters had higher glucose 1-phosphate amounts in the apoplast and alterations in starch and starch-related metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Malinova
- Group of Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Stella Kössler
- Group of Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Tom Orawetz
- Group of Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Ulrike Matthes
- Group of Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Slawomir Orzechowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Anke Koch
- Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Group of Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
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18
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Aliche EB, Prusova-Bourke A, Ruiz-Sanchez M, Oortwijn M, Gerkema E, Van As H, Visser RGF, van der Linden CG. Morphological and physiological responses of the potato stem transport tissues to dehydration stress. Planta 2020; 251:45. [PMID: 31915930 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of the xylem under dehydration to smaller sized vessels and the increase in xylem density per stem area facilitate water transport during water-limiting conditions, and this has implications for assimilate transport during drought. The potato stem is the communication and transport channel between the assimilate-exporting source leaves and the terminal sink tissues of the plant. During environmental stress conditions like water scarcity, which adversely affect the performance (canopy growth and tuber yield) of the potato plant, the response of stem tissues is essential, however, still understudied. In this study, we investigated the response of the stem tissues of cultivated potato grown in the greenhouse to dehydration using a multidisciplinary approach including physiological, biochemical, morphological, microscopic, and magnetic resonance imaging techniques. We observed the most significant effects of water limitation in the lower stem regions of plants. The light microscopy analysis of the potato stem sections revealed that plants exposed to this particular dehydration stress have higher total xylem density per unit area than control plants. This increase in the total xylem density was accompanied by an increase in the number of narrow-diameter xylem vessels and a decrease in the number of large-diameter xylem vessels. Our MRI approach revealed a diurnal rhythm of xylem flux between day and night, with a reduction in xylem flux that is linked to dehydration sensitivity. We also observed that sink strength was the main driver of assimilate transport through the stem in our data set. These findings may present potential breeding targets for drought tolerance in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest B Aliche
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Prusova-Bourke
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariam Ruiz-Sanchez
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Oortwijn
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Gerkema
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Van As
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Gerard van der Linden
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Yadav UP, Shaikh MA, Evers J, Regmi KC, Gaxiola RA, Ayre BG. Assessing Long-Distance Carbon Partitioning from Photosynthetic Source Leaves to Heterotrophic Sink Organs with Photoassimilated [ 14C]CO 2. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2014:223-233. [PMID: 31197800 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9562-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Phloem loading and long-distance transport of photoassimilate from source leaves to sink organs are essential physiological processes that contribute to plant growth and yield. At a minimum, three steps are involved: phloem loading in source organs, transport along the phloem path, and phloem unloading in sink organs. Each of these can have variable rates contingent on the physiological state of the plant, and thereby influence the overall transport rate. In addition to these phloem transport steps, rates of photosynthesis and photosynthate movement in the pre-phloem path, as well as photosynthate utilization in post phloem tissues of sink organs also contribute to phloem transport. The protocol described here estimates carbon allocation along the entire path from initial carbon fixation to delivery to sink organs after a labeling pulse: [14C]CO2 is photoassimilated in source leaves and loading and transport of the 14C label to heterotrophic sink organs (roots) is quantified by scintillation counting. This method is flexible and can be adapted to quantify long-distance transport in many plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh P Yadav
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Mearaj A Shaikh
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - John Evers
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Kamesh C Regmi
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Roberto A Gaxiola
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Brian G Ayre
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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Cooper EA, Brenton ZW, Flinn BS, Jenkins J, Shu S, Flowers D, Luo F, Wang Y, Xia P, Barry K, Daum C, Lipzen A, Yoshinaga Y, Schmutz J, Saski C, Vermerris W, Kresovich S. A new reference genome for Sorghum bicolor reveals high levels of sequence similarity between sweet and grain genotypes: implications for the genetics of sugar metabolism. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:420. [PMID: 31133004 PMCID: PMC6537160 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of crop domestication often consists of two stages: initial domestication, where the wild species is first cultivated by humans, followed by diversification, when the domesticated species are subsequently adapted to more environments and specialized uses. Selective pressure to increase sugar accumulation in certain varieties of the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor is an excellent example of the latter; this has resulted in pronounced phenotypic divergence between sweet and grain-type sorghums, but the genetic mechanisms underlying these differences remain poorly understood. RESULTS Here we present a new reference genome based on an archetypal sweet sorghum line and compare it to the current grain sorghum reference, revealing a high rate of nonsynonymous and potential loss of function mutations, but few changes in gene content or overall genome structure. We also use comparative transcriptomics to highlight changes in gene expression correlated with high stalk sugar content and show that changes in the activity and possibly localization of transporters, along with the timing of sugar metabolism play a critical role in the sweet phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The high level of genomic similarity between sweet and grain sorghum reflects their historical relatedness, rather than their current phenotypic differences, but we find key changes in signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators that represent new candidates for understanding and improving sugar metabolism in this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Cooper
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC USA
| | - Zachary W. Brenton
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Barry S. Flinn
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Dave Flowers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- School of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Penny Xia
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Chris Daum
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Christopher Saski
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Stephen Kresovich
- Advanced Plant Technology Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
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21
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Abstract
Measurements of vein density and foliar minor vein phloem cell numbers, minor vein phloem cell sizes, and transfer cell wall ingrowths provide quantitative proxies for the leaf's capacities to load and export photosynthates. While overall infrastructural capacity for sugar loading and sugar export correlated positively and closely with photosynthetic capacity, the specific targets of the adjustment of minor vein organization varied with phloem-loading mechanism, plant life-cycle characteristics, and environmental growth conditions. Among apoplastic loaders, for which sugar loading into the phloem depends on cell membrane-spanning transport proteins, variation in minor vein density, phloem cell number, and level of cell wall ingrowth (when present) were consistently associated with photosynthetic capacity. Among active symplastic loaders, for which sugar loading into the phloem depends on cytosolic enzymes, variation in vein density and phloem cell size were consistently associated with photosynthetic capacity. All of these anatomical features were also subject to acclimatory adjustment depending on species and environmental conditions, with increased levels of these features supporting higher rates of photosynthesis. We present a procedure for the preparation of leaf tissue for minor vein analysis, using both light and transmission electron microscopy, that facilitates quantification of not only phloem features but also xylem features that provide proxies for foliar water import capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J Stewart
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Onno Muller
- Institue of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christopher M Cohu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William W Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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Abstract
The Bacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) : Sugar Phosphotransferase System (PTS) mediates the uptake and phosphorylation of carbohydrates, and controls the carbon- and nitrogen metabolism in response to the availability of sugars. PTS occur in eubacteria and in a few archaebacteria but not in animals and plants. All PTS comprise two cytoplasmic phosphotransferase proteins (EI and HPr) and a species-dependent, variable number of sugar-specific enzyme II complexes (IIA, IIB, IIC, IID). EI and HPr transfer phosphorylgroups from PEP to the IIA units. Cytoplasmic IIA and IIB units sequentially transfer phosphates to the sugar, which is transported by the IIC and IICIID integral membrane protein complexes. Phosphorylation by IIB and translocation by IIC(IID) are tightly coupled. The IIC(IID) sugar transporters of the PTS are in the focus of this review. There are four structurally different PTS transporter superfamilies (glucose, glucitol, ascorbate, mannose) . Crystal structures are available for transporters of two superfamilies: bcIICmal (MalT, 5IWS, 6BVG) and bcIICchb (ChbC, 3QNQ) of B. subtilis from the glucose family, and IICasc (UlaA, 4RP9, 5ZOV) of E. coli from the ascorbate superfamily . They are homodimers and each protomer has an independent transport pathway which functions by an elevator-type alternating-access mechanism. bcIICmal and bcIICchb have the same fold, IICasc has a completely different fold. Biochemical and biophysical data accumulated in the past with the transporters for mannitol (IICBAmtl) and glucose (IICBglc) are reviewed and discussed in the context of the bcIICmal crystal structures. The transporters of the mannose superfamily are dimers of protomers consisting of a IIC and a IID protein chain. The crystal structure is not known and the topology difficult to predict. Biochemical data indicate that the IICIID complex employs a different transport mechanism . Species specific IICIID serve as a gateway for the penetration of bacteriophage lambda DNA across, and insertion of class IIa bacteriocins into the inner membrane. PTS transporters are inserted into the membrane by SecYEG translocon and have specific lipid requirements. Immunoelectron- and fluorescence microscopy indicate a non-random distribution and supramolecular complexes of PTS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Jeckelmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bernhard Erni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Hu W, Hua X, Zhang Q, Wang J, Shen Q, Zhang X, Wang K, Yu Q, Lin YR, Ming R, Zhang J. New insights into the evolution and functional divergence of the SWEET family in Saccharum based on comparative genomics. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:270. [PMID: 30404601 PMCID: PMC6222987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWEET (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) gene family is a recently identified group of sugar transporters that play an indispensable role in sugar efflux, phloem loading, plant-pathogen interaction, nectar secretion, and reproductive tissue development. However, little information on Saccharum SWEET is available for this crop with a complex genetic background. RESULTS In this study, 22 SWEET genes were identified from Saccharum spontaneum Bacterial Artificial Chromosome libraries sequences. Phylogenetic analyses of SWEETs from 11 representative plant species showed that gene expansions of the SWEET family were mainly caused by the recent gene duplication in dicot plants, while these gene expansions were attributed to the ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) in monocot plant species. Gene expression profiles were obtained from RNA-seq analysis. SWEET1a and SWEET2s had higher expression levels in the transitional zone and maturing zone than in the other analyzed zones. SWEET1b was mainly expressed in the leaf tissues and the mature zone of the leaf of both S. spontaneum and S. officinarum, and displayed a peak in the morning and was undetectable in both sclerenchyma and parenchyma cells from the mature stalks of S. officinarum. SsSWEET4a\4b had higher expression levels than SWEET4c and were mainly expressed in the stems of seedlings and mature plants. SWEET13s are recently duplicated genes, and the expression of SWEET13s dramatically increased from the maturing to mature zones. SWEET16b's expression was not detected in S. officinarum, but displayed a rhythmic diurnal expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed the gene evolutionary history of SWEETs in Saccharum and SWEET1b was found to be a sucrose starvation-induced gene involved in the sugar transportation in the high photosynthetic zones. SWEET13c was identified as the key player in the efflux of sugar transportation in mature photosynthetic tissues. SWEET4a\4b were found to be mainly involved in sugar transportation in the stalk. SWEET1a\2a\4a\4b\13a\16b were suggested to be the genes contributing to the differences in sugar contents between S. spontaneum and S. officinarum. Our results are valuable for further functional analysis of SWEET genes and utilization of the SWEET genes for genetic improvement of Saccharum for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Hu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Qiaochu Shen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Qingyi Yu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX 75252 USA
| | - Yann-Rong Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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24
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Hariharan P, Tikhonova E, Medeiros-Silva J, Jeucken A, Bogdanov MV, Dowhan W, Brouwers JF, Weingarth M, Guan L. Structural and functional characterization of protein-lipid interactions of the Salmonella typhimurium melibiose transporter MelB. BMC Biol 2018; 16:85. [PMID: 30075778 PMCID: PMC6091025 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane lipids play critical roles in the structure and function of membrane-embedded transporters. Salmonella typhimurium MelB (MelBSt) is a symporter coupling melibiose translocation with a cation (Na+, Li+, or H+). We present an extensive study on the effects of specific phospholipids on the structure of MelBSt and the melibiose transport catalyzed by this protein. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) experiments reveal that at least one phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and one phosphatidylglycerol (PG) molecule associate with MelBSt at high affinities. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy experiments confirmed the presence of lipid tails and glycerol backbones that co-purified with MelBSt; headgroups of PG were also observed. Studies with lipid-engineered strains, including PE-deficient, cardiolipin (CL)- and PG-deficient, or CL-deficient strains, show that lack of PE or PG, however not CL, largely inhibits both H+- and Na+-coupled melibiose active transport to different extents. Interestingly, neither the co-substrate binding (melibiose or Na+) nor MelBSt folding and stability are affected by changing lipid compositions. Remarkably, the delipidated MelBSt with only 2-3 bound lipids, regardless of the headgroup species, also exhibits unchanged melting temperature values as shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS (1) Lipid tails and glycerol backbones of interacting PE and PG may contribute to the stability of the structure of MelBSt. (2) The headgroups of PE and PG, but not of CL, play important roles in melibiose transport; however, lipid headgroups do not modulate the folding and stability of MelBSt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Elena Tikhonova
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - João Medeiros-Silva
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aike Jeucken
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mikhail V Bogdanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science, Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William Dowhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science, Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Lipidomics Facility, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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25
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Abstract
As the simplest eukaryotic model system, the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is ideally suited for quick and simple functional studies as well as for high-throughput screening. We generated a strain deficient for all endogenous hexose transporters, which has been successfully used to clone, characterize, and engineer carbohydrate transporters from different source organisms. Here we present basic protocols for handling this strain and characterizing sugar transporters heterologously expressed in it.
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26
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Bracher JM, Verhoeven MD, Wisselink HW, Crimi B, Nijland JG, Driessen AJM, Klaassen P, van Maris AJA, Daran JMG, Pronk JT. The Penicillium chrysogenum transporter PcAraT enables high-affinity, glucose-insensitive l-arabinose transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:63. [PMID: 29563966 PMCID: PMC5848512 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-Arabinose occurs at economically relevant levels in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Its low-affinity uptake via the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gal2 galactose transporter is inhibited by d-glucose. Especially at low concentrations of l-arabinose, uptake is an important rate-controlling step in the complete conversion of these feedstocks by engineered pentose-metabolizing S. cerevisiae strains. RESULTS Chemostat-based transcriptome analysis yielded 16 putative sugar transporter genes in the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum whose transcript levels were at least threefold higher in l-arabinose-limited cultures than in d-glucose-limited and ethanol-limited cultures. Of five genes, that encoded putative transport proteins and showed an over 30-fold higher transcript level in l-arabinose-grown cultures compared to d-glucose-grown cultures, only one (Pc20g01790) restored growth on l-arabinose upon expression in an engineered l-arabinose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain in which the endogenous l-arabinose transporter, GAL2, had been deleted. Sugar transport assays indicated that this fungal transporter, designated as PcAraT, is a high-affinity (Km = 0.13 mM), high-specificity l-arabinose-proton symporter that does not transport d-xylose or d-glucose. An l-arabinose-metabolizing S. cerevisiae strain in which GAL2 was replaced by PcaraT showed 450-fold lower residual substrate concentrations in l-arabinose-limited chemostat cultures than a congenic strain in which l-arabinose import depended on Gal2 (4.2 × 10-3 and 1.8 g L-1, respectively). Inhibition of l-arabinose transport by the most abundant sugars in hydrolysates, d-glucose and d-xylose was far less pronounced than observed with Gal2. Expression of PcAraT in a hexose-phosphorylation-deficient, l-arabinose-metabolizing S. cerevisiae strain enabled growth in media supplemented with both 20 g L-1 l-arabinose and 20 g L-1 d-glucose, which completely inhibited growth of a congenic strain in the same condition that depended on l-arabinose transport via Gal2. CONCLUSION Its high affinity and specificity for l-arabinose, combined with limited sensitivity to inhibition by d-glucose and d-xylose, make PcAraT a valuable transporter for application in metabolic engineering strategies aimed at engineering S. cerevisiae strains for efficient conversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M. Bracher
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten D. Verhoeven
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H. Wouter Wisselink
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Isobionics, Urmonderbaan 22-B 45, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Crimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR9002-CNRS-UM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Jeroen G. Nijland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Klaassen
- DSM Biotechnology Centre, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius J. A. van Maris
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, 20691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Marc G. Daran
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack T. Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Scheffler O, Ahearn GA. Functional characterization of a novel disaccharide transporter in lobster hepatopancreas. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:563-73. [PMID: 28180997 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In animals, the accepted model of carbohydrate digestion and absorption involves reduction of disaccharides into the monosaccharides glucose, fructose, and galactose followed by their individual transmembrane transport into cells. In 2011, a gene for a distinct disaccharide sucrose transporter (SCRT) was found in Drosophila melanogaster and characterized in a yeast expression system. The purpose of the present investigation was to functionally identify and characterize a putative disaccharide transporter analog in the hepatopancreas of the American lobster, Homarus americanus. Purified hepatopancreatic brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were used in transport experiments using 14C-sucrose and a Millipore filter isolation technique. In the absence of sodium, an external pH of 4 significantly stimulated the uptake of 14C-sucrose compared to that occurring at pH 5, 6, or 7. At pH 7, increasing external concentrations of sodium increased 14C-sucrose uptake by BBMV in a hyperbolic fashion and this stimulation was significantly reduced when the pH was changed to 4, suggesting that both protons and sodium ions were each capable of driving the uptake of the sugar. In experiments with a variety of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and trisaccharides, used as potential inhibitors of 14C-sucrose uptake, only maltose and trehalose inhibited carrier-mediated 14C-sucrose transport. An additional experiment showed that 20 mM maltose was a competitive inhibitor of 14C-sucrose uptake. The use of a putative lobster SCRT by both maltose and trehalose is nutritionally appropriate for lobsters as they commonly digest glycogen and chitin, polymers of maltose and trehalose, respectively. These findings suggest there is a brush-border proton- or sodium-dependent, hepatopancreatic carrier process, shared by sucrose, maltose, and trehalose, that may function to absorb disaccharides that are produced from digestion of naturally occurring dietary constituents.
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Gerivani Z, Vashaee E, Sadeghipour HR, Aghdasi M, Shobbar ZS, Azimmohseni M. Short versus long term effects of cyanide on sugar metabolism and transport in dormant walnut kernels. Plant Sci 2016; 252:193-204. [PMID: 27717454 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tree seed dormancy release by cold stratification accompanies with the embryo increased gluconeogenesis competence. Cyanide also breaks seed dormancy however, integrated information about its effects on carbon metabolism is lacking. Accordingly, the impacts of HCN on germination, lipid gluconeogenesis and sugar transport capacity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels were investigated during 10-days period prior to radicle protrusion. HCN increased walnut kernel germination and within four days of kernel incubation, hastened the decline of starch, reducing and non-reducing sugars and led to greater activities of alkaline invertase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. From four days of kernel incubation onwards, starch and non-reducing sugars accumulated only in the HCN treated axes. Cyanide also increased the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glyoxysomal succinate oxidase and led to greater acid invertase activity during the aforementioned period. The expressions of both sucrose transporter (JrSUT1) and H+-ATPase (JrAHA1) genes especially in cotyledons and H+-ATPase activity in kernels were significantly enhanced by exposure to cyanide. Thus in short-term HCN led to prevalence of carbohydrate catabolic events such as oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and possibly glycolysis in dormant walnut kernels. Long-term effects however, are increased gluconeogenesis and enhanced sugar transport capacity of kernels as a prerequisite for germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gerivani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Elham Vashaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | | | - Mahnaz Aghdasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Zahra-Sadat Shobbar
- Molecular Physiology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151 Karaj, Iran.
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dos Reis TF, de Lima PBA, Parachin NS, Mingossi FB, de Castro Oliveira JV, Ries LNA, Goldman GH. Identification and characterization of putative xylose and cellobiose transporters in Aspergillus nidulans. Biotechnol Biofuels 2016; 9:204. [PMID: 27708711 PMCID: PMC5037631 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels (second-generation biofuel production) is an environmentally friendlier alternative to petroleum-based energy sources. Enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulose, catalyzed by filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus nidulans, releases a mixture of mono- and polysaccharides, including hexose (glucose) and pentose (xylose) sugars, cellodextrins (cellobiose), and xylooligosaccharides (xylobiose). These sugars can subsequently be fermented by yeast cells to ethanol. One of the major drawbacks in this process lies in the inability of yeast, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to successfully internalize sugars other than glucose. The aim of this study was, therefore, to screen the genome of A. nidulans, which encodes a multitude of sugar transporters, for transporters able to internalize non-glucose sugars and characterize them when introduced into S. cerevisiae. RESULTS This work identified two proteins in A. nidulans, CltA and CltB, with roles in cellobiose transport and cellulose signaling, respectively. CltA, when introduced into S. cerevisiae, conferred growth on low and high concentrations of cellobiose. Deletion of cltB resulted in reduced growth and extracellular cellulase activity in A. nidulans in the presence of cellobiose. CltB, when introduced into S. cerevisiae, was not able to confer growth on cellobiose, suggesting that this protein is a sensor rather than a transporter. However, we have shown that the introduction of additional functional copies of CltB increases the growth in the presence of low concentrations of cellobiose, strongly indicating CltB is able to transport cellobiose. Furthermore, a previously identified glucose transporter, HxtB, was also found to be a major xylose transporter in A. nidulans. In S. cerevisiae, HxtB conferred growth on xylose which was accompanied by ethanol production. CONCLUSIONS This work identified a cellobiose transporter, a xylose transporter, and a putative cellulose transceptor in A. nidulans. This is the first time that a sensor role for a protein in A. nidulans has been proposed. Both transporters are also able to transport glucose, highlighting the preference of A. nidulans for this carbon source. This work provides a basis for future studies which aim at characterizing and/or genetically engineering Aspergillus spp. transporters, which, in addition to glucose, can also internalize other carbon sources, to improve transport and fermentation of non-glucose sugars in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila Fernanda dos Reis
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | | | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, CEP 70910-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - Laure Nicolas Annick Ries
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Goldman
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903 Brazil
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Rahoui S, Chaoui A, Ben C, Rickauer M, Gentzbittel L, El Ferjani E. Effect of cadmium pollution on mobilization of embryo reserves in seedlings of six contrasted Medicago truncatula lines. Phytochemistry 2015; 111:98-106. [PMID: 25648678 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Six Medicago truncatula genotypes differing in cadmium susceptibility were used to test the effect of this heavy metal on mineral, carbohydrate and amino acid supply in growing radicles. Cadmium treatment caused alteration of macronutrient (Ca and K), microelement (Fe, Zn and Cu), carbohydrate (total soluble sugars (TSS), glucose, fructose and sucrose) and free amino acid (FAAS) accumulations. These mobilization changes differed in the tested genotypes. Carbohydrates were determining to susceptible lines' growth in control condition; free amino acids enabled tolerant lines to counteract cadmium intrusion. Transcriptional changes in response to cadmium treatment were analyzed on MtMST, a gene encoding a monosaccharide transport protein. A significant down-regulation was observed in the most susceptible line TN1.11. Glucose was over-consumed in tolerant lines. Thus, glucose metabolism integrity seems essential to maintain growth under cadmium exposure. Analysis of germination medium showed solute losses at the expense of suitable mobilization to the growing embryonic axis and highlights cadmium-triggered membrane alterations. FAAS and TSS leakages were reduced in tolerant lines while monosaccharide losses were accentuated in susceptible lines. This research work gave an overview of cadmium deleterious effects on biomass mobilization and membrane integrity. Carbon metabolism is shown to be primordial to enhance early embryonic growth and nitrogen metabolism is revealed to be crucial to establish seedling growth under cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondès Rahoui
- Toxicologie Végétale & Biologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia; Université de Toulouse, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Abdelilah Chaoui
- Toxicologie Végétale & Biologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Cécile Ben
- Université de Toulouse, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS-EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Martina Rickauer
- Université de Toulouse, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS-EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Gentzbittel
- Université de Toulouse, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; CNRS-EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Ezzeddine El Ferjani
- Toxicologie Végétale & Biologie Moléculaire des Microorganismes, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Shin HY, Nijland JG, de Waal PP, de Jong RM, Klaassen P, Driessen AJM. An engineered cryptic Hxt11 sugar transporter facilitates glucose-xylose co-consumption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:176. [PMID: 26535057 PMCID: PMC4630928 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unable to ferment pentose sugars like d-xylose. Through the introduction of the respective metabolic pathway, S. cerevisiae is able to ferment xylose but first utilizes d-glucose before the d-xylose can be transported and metabolized. Low affinity d-xylose uptake occurs through the endogenous hexose (Hxt) transporters. For a more robust sugar fermentation, co-consumption of d-glucose and d-xylose is desired as d-xylose fermentation is in particular prone to inhibition by compounds present in pretreated lignocellulosic feedstocks. RESULTS Evolutionary engineering of a d-xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain lacking the major transporter HXT1-7 and GAL2 genes yielded a derivative that shows improved growth on xylose because of the expression of a normally cryptic HXT11 gene. Hxt11 also supported improved growth on d-xylose by the wild-type strain. Further selection for glucose-insensitive growth on d-xylose employing a quadruple hexokinase deletion yielded mutations at N366 of Hxt11 that reversed the transporter specificity for d-glucose into d-xylose while maintaining high d-xylose transport rates. The Hxt11 mutant enabled the efficient co-fermentation of xylose and glucose at industrially relevant sugar concentrations when expressed in a strain lacking the HXT1-7 and GAL2 genes. CONCLUSIONS Hxt11 is a cryptic sugar transporter of S. cerevisiae that previously has not been associated with effective d-xylose transport. Mutagenesis of Hxt11 yielded transporters that show a better affinity for d-xylose as compared to d-glucose while maintaining high transport rates. d-glucose and d-xylose co-consumption is due to a redistribution of the sugar transport flux while maintaining the total sugar conversion rate into ethanol. This method provides a single transporter solution for effective fermentation on lignocellulosic feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yong Shin
- />Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G. Nijland
- />Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. de Waal
- />DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - René M. de Jong
- />DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Klaassen
- />DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- />Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzyme IIC (EIIC) component of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) is responsible for selectively transporting sugar molecules across the inner bacterial membrane. This is accomplished in parallel with phosphorylation of the sugar, which prevents efflux of the sugar back across the membrane. This process is a key part of an extensive signaling network that allows bacteria to efficiently utilize preferred carbohydrate sources. SCOPE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to examine the current understanding of the structural features of the EIIC and how it mediates concentrative, selective sugar transport. The crystal structure of an N,N'-diacetylchitobiose transporter is used as a structural template for the glucose superfamily of PTS transporters. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Comparison of protein sequences in context with the known EIIC structure suggests that members of the glucose superfamily of PTS transporters may exhibit variations in topology. Despite these differences, a conserved histidine and glutamate appear to have roles shared across the superfamily in sugar binding and phosphorylation. In the proposed transport model, a rigid body motion between two structural domains and movement of an intracellular loop provide the substrate binding site with alternating access, and reveal a surface required for interaction with the phosphotransfer protein responsible for catalysis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The structural and functional data discussed here give a preliminary understanding of how transport in EIIC is achieved. However, given the great sequence diversity between varying glucose-superfamily PTS transporters and lack of data on conformational changes needed for transport, additional structures of other members and conformations are still required. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Structural biochemistry and biophysics of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G McCoy
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elena J Levin
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Petioles of celery leaves function successively as net importing (sink) and net exporting (source) organs during ontogeny. The parenchyma of these petioles is the main store for large amounts of D-glucose, D-fructose and mannitol. The mechanism of uptake of glucose and fructose into discs isolated from storage parenchyma of celery petioles was investigated. Uptake kinetics showed a biphasic response to increasing concentrations for both hexoses with a saturable component at low concentrations and a non-saturable, linear, diffusion-like component at higher concentrations (at least up to 16 mM). The apparent Kns -values were an order of magnitude higher for fructose (2-3 mM) than for glucose (034 RIM) uptake. The saturable components of uptake of the two hexoses were inhibited similarly by the SH-reagents PCMBS and NEM, the uncouplers CCCP and DNP, the ATPase inhibitor DES and the hydrophobic reagents phloretin and phlorizin. They were stimulated by the plasmalemma H+ -ATPase stimulator FC and showed a broad pH-optimum around pH 6. Competition studies revealed that glucose uptake was very specific whereas fructose uptake was inhibited by D-glucose, L-sorbose and D-tagatose. The saturable components of uptake of both hexoses were clearly turgor-dependent. Lowering of cell turgor resulted in a linear increase of Vmax and a constant Km . It is concluded that the saturable components of glucose and fructose uptake are of a similar, active, sugar-proton cotransport type with carriers containing SH-groups and interacting hydrophobically. It is suggested that two different hexose carriers might be operative, one for glucose only and one for both glucose and fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Diettrich
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstr. 107 CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Keller
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstr. 107 CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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