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Xu M, Tan Z, Qi S, Na Q, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Zhu C, Ying H, Shen T. Synthesis of 3-Phenylserine by a Two-enzyme Cascade System with PLP Cofactor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302959. [PMID: 38012090 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A two-enzyme cascade system containing ω-transaminase (ω-TA) and L-threonine aldolase (L-ThA) was reported for the synthesis of 3-Phenylserine starting from benzylamine, and PLP was utilized as the only cofactor in these both two enzymes reaction system. Based on the transamination results, benzylamine was optimized as an advantageous amino donor as confirmed by MD simulation results. This cascade reaction system could not only facilitate the in situ removal of the co-product benzaldehyde, enhancing the economic viability of the reaction, but also establish a novel pathway for synthesizing high-value phenyl-serine derivatives. In our study, nearly 95 % of benzylamine was converted, yielding over 54 % of 3-Phenylserine under the optimized conditions cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuotao Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Qi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Na
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowang Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Zhu HJ, Pan J, Li CX, Chen FF, Xu JH. Construction and optimization of a biocatalytic route for the synthesis of neomenthylamine from menthone. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:75. [PMID: 38647910 PMCID: PMC10992614 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(+)-Neomenthylamine is an important industrial precursor used to synthesize high value-added chemicals. Here, we report a novel biocatalytic route to synthesize (+)-neomenthylamine by amination of readily available (-)-menthone substrate using ω-transaminase. By screening a panel of ω-transaminases, an ω-transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis JS17 was identified with considerable amination activity to (-)-menthone, and then characterization of enzymatic properties was conducted for the enzyme. Under optimized conditions, 10 mM (-)-menthone was transformed in a mild aqueous phase with 4.7 mM product yielded in 24 h. The biocatalytic route using inexpensive starting materials (ketone substrate and amino donor) and mild reaction conditions represents an easy and green approach for (+)-neomenthylamine synthesis. This method underscores the potential of biocatalysts in the synthesis of unnatural terpenoid amine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jue Zhu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Pan
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Fei Chen
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Tosi M, Matelloni IA, Mancini M, Andreassi A, Scopari A, Rossi A, Verduci E, Berra C, Manfrini R, Banderali G, Pecori Giraldi F, Folli F. Multiple beneficial effects of 1-year nutritional-behavioral intervention on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese boys. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2331-2342. [PMID: 37069323 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is on the rise worldwide increasing the risk for metabolic, cardiovascular and liver diseases in children. Eating habits and lifestyle changes are currently the standard of care for treating pediatric obesity. Our study aimed to determine the impact of a dietary intervention based on the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and the Health Eating Plate, on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese and overweight boys. METHODS We studied 126 overweight/obese boys with anthropometric measurements, blood biochemistry and nutrient intakes evaluation by means of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline, at 6 and 12 months after a nutritional-behavioral intervention. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intakes. BMI-SDS significantly decreased after 1 year with the proportion of obese boys decreasing by 33% and of overweight boys by 41%, while also all fat mass measures decreased both in obese and overweight individuals. In obese boys, ALT decreased significantly after 1-year nutritional intervention and these changes correlated with BMI-SDS reduction. Insulin-resistance and secretion indexes correlated with fat mass and BMI-SDS. In obese boys, significant changes were observed at 6 months for insulin concentrations, 1/HOMA-IR and QUICKI. With regard to the lipid profile, significant decreases were observed for total and LDL cholesterol in obese boys. CONCLUSION Metabolic and anthropometric risk factors in overweight and obese boys can be improved by a nutritional-behavioral intervention of 1-year duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tosi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - I A Matelloni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mancini
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Andreassi
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Scopari
- Pediatric and Adolescent Andrological Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Berra
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - R Manfrini
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - G Banderali
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Pecori Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - F Folli
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Departmental Unit of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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Chen R, Su K, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Liu J, Xu J. Co-crystal structure provides insights on transaminase CrmG recognition amino donor L-Arg. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:41-45. [PMID: 37451216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ω-transaminase has attracted growing attention for chiral amine synthesis, although it commonly suffers from severe by-product inhibition. ω-transaminase CrmG is critical for the biosynthesis of Caerulomycin A, a natural product that possesses broad bioactivity, including immunosuppressive and anti-cancer. Compared to L-Arg, amino donor L-Glu, L-Gln or L-Ala is more preferred by CrmG. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of CrmG in complex with amino donor L-Arg, unveiling the detailed binding mode. Specifically, L-Arg exhibits an extensive contact with aromatic residues F207 and W223 on the roof of CrmG active site via cation-π network. This interaction may render the deamination by-product of L-Arg to be an inhibitor against PMP-bound CrmG by stabilizing its flexible roof, thus reducing the reactivity of L-Arg as an amino donor for CrmG. These data provide further evidence to support our previous proposal that CrmG can overcome inhibition from those by-products that are not able to stabilize the flexible roof of active site in PMP-bound CrmG. Thus, our result can not only facilitate the biosynthesis of CRM A but also be beneficial for the rational design of ω-transaminase to bypass by-product inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Kai Su
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Jinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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5
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Cui C, Li Y, Liu S, Wang P, Huang Z. The unsupervised machine learning to analyze the use strategy of statins for ischaemic stroke patients with elevated transaminase. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 232:107900. [PMID: 37478641 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Statins could elevate hepatic transaminase in ischemic stroke patients. There needed to be more evidence on which method stopped statins or adjusting the dose of statins was better for patients. And no evidence showed which way more suit for some patients. METHODS We collected ischaemic stroke patients with elevated hepatic transaminase when they take statins. The outcome was a recurrent stroke rate, transaminase value after stopping or adjusted, mortality, and favorable functional outcome (FFO). We compare outcome events between the stopped group and the adjustment group. We grouped all patients by unsupervised machine learning and analyzed data characters by the different groups. RESULTS The patients stopping statins had a higher stroke recurrence and rate of FFO (mRS 0-2), a lower mean value of transaminase, and mortality. By difference unsupervised machine learning group, the km2 group had the lowest stroke recurrence (p = 0.046), lowest mortality (p = 0.049), and highest FFO (p = 0.023). The patients of the km2 group were younger (p < 0.001), more male (p < 0.001), had lesser National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (p < 0.001), and had slightly higher values of blood pressure (p = 0.002). The group of unsupervised machine learning could improve models' performance. CONCLUSION For ischemic patients with elevated hepatic transaminase, stopping statins temporarily was a better choice of treatment strategy. These patients who were younger, male, with a lesser NIHSS score at admission and a slightly higher blood lipid value at admission, could have had a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Cui
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang District, Baise, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liunan District, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liunan District, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Affiliated Primary School Liugong Middle School, Liunan District, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhonghua Huang
- Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liunan District, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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6
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Robustini L, Paradisi F. Enantioselective Switch and Potential Applications in Biocatalysis. Chimia (Aarau) 2023; 77:390-394. [PMID: 38047778 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2023.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselectivity has always been a key feature of enzymatic synthesis. In some cases, when enzymes are not strictly enantioselective, by tuning the reaction conditions it is possible to induce an enantioselective switch. A transaminase from Halomonas elongata (ω-HeWT), while generally S-selective, could be shifted towards generating the R-enantiomer at higher concentrations of amino acceptor or ionic strength, for example. Other enzymes are reported to have a similar behavior, and here we discuss some of them and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Robustini
- Dept. Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern.
| | - Francesca Paradisi
- Dept. Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern.
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7
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Pickl M, Ebner M, Gittings S, Clapés P, Kroutil W. Biocatalytic Transamination of Aldolase-Derived 3-Hydroxy Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2023; 365:1485-1495. [PMID: 38516568 PMCID: PMC10952931 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Although optical pure amino alcohols are in high demand due to their widespread applicability, they still remain challenging to synthesize, since commonly elaborated protection strategies are required. Here, a multi-enzymatic methodology is presented that circumvents this obstacle furnishing enantioenriched 1,3-amino alcohols out of commodity chemicals. A Type I aldolase forged the carbon backbone with an enantioenriched aldol motif, which was subsequently subjected to enzymatic transamination. A panel of 194 TAs was tested on diverse nine aldol products prepared through different nucleophiles and electrophiles. Due to the availability of (R)- and (S)-selective TAs, both diastereomers of the 1,3-amino alcohol motif were accessible. A two-step process enabled the synthesis of the desired amino alcohols with up to three chiral centers with de up to >97 in the final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Pickl
- Department of Chemical BiologyInstituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC)Jordi Girona 18-2608034BarcelonaSpain
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Markus Ebner
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Samantha Gittings
- Prozomix Ltd. West End Industrial EstateHaltwhistleNorthumberland NE49 9HAU.K
| | - Pere Clapés
- Department of Chemical BiologyInstituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC)Jordi Girona 18-2608034BarcelonaSpain
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
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8
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Coenen A, Ferrer M, Jaeger KE, Schörken U. Synthesis of 12-aminododecenoic acid by coupling transaminase to oxylipin pathway enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2209-2221. [PMID: 36807735 PMCID: PMC10033567 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Biobased polymers derived from plant oils are sustainable alternatives to petro based polymers. In recent years, multienzyme cascades have been developed for the synthesis of biobased ω-aminocarboxylic acids, which serve as building blocks for polyamides. In this work, we have developed a novel enzyme cascade for the synthesis of 12-aminododeceneoic acid, a precursor for nylon-12, starting from linoleic acid. Seven bacterial ω-transaminases (ω-TAs) were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and successfully purified by affinity chromatography. Activity towards the oxylipin pathway intermediates hexanal and 12-oxododecenoic acid in their 9(Z) and 10(E) isoforms was demonstrated for all seven transaminases in a coupled photometric enzyme assay. The highest specific activities were obtained with ω-TA from Aquitalea denitrificans (TRAD), with 0.62 U mg-1 for 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, 0.52 U mg-1 for 12-oxo-10(E)-dodecenoic acid and 1.17 U mg-1 for hexanal. A one-pot enzyme cascade was established with TRAD and papaya hydroperoxide lyase (HPLCP-N), reaching conversions of 59% according to LC-ELSD quantification. Starting from linoleic acid, up to 12% conversion to 12-aminododecenoic acid was achieved with a 3-enzyme cascade comprising soybean lipoxygenase (LOX-1), HPLCP-N and TRAD. Higher product concentrations were achieved by the consecutive addition of enzymes compared to simultaneous addition at the beginning. KEY POINTS: • Seven ω-transaminases converted 12-oxododecenoic acid into its corresponding amine. • A three-enzyme cascade with lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase, and ω-transaminase was established for the first time. • A one-pot transformation of linoleic acid to 12-aminododecenoic acid, a precursor of nylon-12 was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coenen
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences - Leverkusen Campus, Leverkusen, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schörken
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences - Leverkusen Campus, Leverkusen, Germany.
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Fan F, Liu C, Cao J, Lyu C, Qiu S, Hu S, Sun T, Mei J, Wang H, Li Y, Zhao W, Mei L, Huang J. Turning thermostability of Aspergillus terreus (R)-selective transaminase At-ATA by synthetic shuffling. J Biotechnol 2023; 364:66-74. [PMID: 36708998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As versatile and green biocatalysts for the asymmetric amination of ketones, the insufficient thermostability of transaminases always limits its broad application in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Here, synthetic shuffling technology was used to enhance stability of (R)-selective transaminase from Aspergillus terreus. The results showed that 30 out of 5000 mutants had improved thermostability by color-based screening method, among which mutants with residual enzyme activity higher than 50% at 45 °C for 10 min were selected for further analysis. Especially, the half-inactivation temperature (T5010), half-life (t1/2), and melting temperature (Tm) of the best mutant M14 (M280C-H210N-M150C-F115L) were 13.7 °C, 165.8 min, and 13.9 °C higher than that of the wild type (WT), respectively. M14 also exhibited a significant biocatalytic efficiency toward acetophenone and 1-acetylnaphthalene, the yield of which were 265.6% and 117.5% higher than WT, respectively. Based on molecular dynamics simulation, improved catalytic efficiency of M14 could be attributed to its increased hydrogen bonds interaction around the mutation sites. Additionally, the introduction of disulfide bond combined with above mutations has a synergistic effect on the improved protein thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiaren Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Changjiang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiaqi Mei
- Hangzhou Huadong Medicine Group Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310011, China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Weirui Zhao
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Lehe Mei
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Tech University, Ningbo 315100, China; Jinhua Advanced Research Institute, Jinhua 321019, China; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Agricultural Biological Resources Biochemical Manufacturing, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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Roda S, Fernandez-Lopez L, Benedens M, Bollinger A, Thies S, Schumacher J, Coscolín C, Kazemi M, Santiago G, Gertzen CGW, Gonzalez-Alfonso JL, Plou FJ, Jaeger KE, Smits SHJ, Ferrer M, Guallar V. A Plurizyme with Transaminase and Hydrolase Activity Catalyzes Cascade Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207344. [PMID: 35734849 PMCID: PMC9540564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Engineering dual‐function single polypeptide catalysts with two abiotic or biotic catalytic entities (or combinations of both) supporting cascade reactions is becoming an important area of enzyme engineering and catalysis. Herein we present the development of a PluriZyme, TR2E2, with efficient native transaminase (kcat: 69.49±1.77 min−1) and artificial esterase (kcat: 3908–0.41 min−1) activities integrated into a single scaffold, and evaluate its utility in a cascade reaction. TR2E2 (pHopt: 8.0–9.5; Topt: 60–65 °C) efficiently converts methyl 3‐oxo‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoate into 3‐(R)‐amino‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid, a crucial intermediate for the synthesis of antidiabetic drugs. The reaction proceeds through the conversion of the β‐keto ester into the β‐keto acid at the hydrolytic site and subsequently into the β‐amino acid (e.e. >99 %) at the transaminase site. The catalytic power of the TR2E2PluriZyme was proven with a set of β‐keto esters, demonstrating the potential of such designs to address bioinspired cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Roda
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marius Benedens
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Bollinger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich, Building 15.8, 01/303, 52428, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Thies
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich, Building 15.8, 01/303, 52428, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia Schumacher
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina Coscolín
- Department of Applied Biocatalysis, ICP, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Masoud Kazemi
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Santiago
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph G W Gertzen
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Francisco J Plou
- Department of Applied Biocatalysis, ICP, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich, Building 15.8, 01/303, 52428, Wilhelm Johnen Straße, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sander H J Smits
- Center for Structural Studies, Heinrich-Heine-University, Building 26.44.01.62, Universitaetsstr 1, 40228, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Department of Applied Biocatalysis, ICP, CSIC, Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Guallar
- Department of Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Ge Y, Huang ZY, Pan J, Li CX, Zheng GW, Xu JH. Regiospecific C-H amination of (-)-limonene into (-)-perillamine by multi-enzymatic cascade reactions. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:88. [PMID: 38647597 PMCID: PMC10992285 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Limonene, one of cyclic monoterpenes, is an important renewable compound used widely as a key building block for the synthesis of new biologically active molecules and fine chemicals. (-)-Perillamine, as derived from (-)-limonene, is a highly useful synthon for constructing more complicated and functionally relevant chemicals. AIM We aimed to report a more sustainable and more efficient method for the regiospecific C-H amination of (-)-limonene into (-)-perillamine. RESULTS Here, we report an artificial penta-enzymatic cascade system for the transformation of the cheap and easily available (-)-limonene into (-)-perillamine for the first time. This system is composed of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and w-transaminase for the main reactions, as well as formate dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase for cofactor recycling. After optimization of the multi-enzymatic cascade system, 10 mM (-)-limonene was smoothly converted into 5.4 mM (-)-perillamine in a one-pot two-step biotransformation, indicating the feasibility of multi-enzymatic C7-regiospecific amination of the inert C-H bond of (-)-limonene. This method represents a concise and efficient route for the biocatalytic synthesis of derivatives from similar natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ge
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Pan
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Li
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-He Xu
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Matysik-Woźniak A, Wnorowski A, Turski WA, Jóźwiak K, Rejdak R, Jünemann A. Evidence against involvement of kynurenate branch of kynurenine pathway in pathophysiology of Fuchs' dystrophy and keratoconus. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108959. [PMID: 35074345 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenine aminotransferases (KAT) are enzymes catalyzing formation of kynurenic acid (KYNA) from kynurenine. KYNA is a Janus-faced molecule of high biological activity. On the one hand KYNA was identified as a UV filter and neuroprotectant with free radical scavenging properties, but on the other hand it may contribute to photodamage of lens proteins resulting in cataract formation. Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and keratoconus (KC) are common, vision threatening corneal dystrophies whose etiology is not fully understood. In our previous works, we confirmed the presence of KATs in the human cornea together with GPR35, a receptor for KYNA. This prompted us to investigate the potential changes in the expression of three isoforms: KAT I, KAT II, and KAT III in normal and FECD- and KC-affected corneas. Immunohistochemistry accompanied by gene expression data mining revealed that the levels of neither KAT I, KAT II, nor KAT III are affected in FECD and KC. This constitutes evidence against the involvement of KATs in the pathophysiology of FECD and KC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matysik-Woźniak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anselm Jünemann
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079, Lublin, Poland.
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13
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Karaarslan U, Çolak M, Topal S, Atakul G, Soydan E, Çağlar A, Ağın H. The association between N-acetylcysteine treatment and hepatic healing in patients with non-acetaminophen-induced liver injury in pediatric intensive care: A single-center retrospective study. Arch Pediatr 2022; 29:140-144. [PMID: 35039188 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association between the use of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and hepatic healing in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients with non-acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury, except for acute liver failure. METHODS The data of patients who received intravenous NAC as adjuvant therapy for transaminase levels more than sixfold normal values during their PICU stay between 2010 and 2014 were retrospectively collected from the medical records database. The patients who did not receive NAC with elevated transaminase levels during their PICU stay between 2014 and 2018 were also collected as the standard of care (SOC) cohort. RESULTS More than 50% of the liver injuries were secondary to acute hypoxia, hypotension, sepsis, and inflammation. The median number of elevated transaminase period (ETP) days of the NAC and SOC groups were 5 (IQR: 4) and 4 (IQR: 4), respectively (p = 0.17). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of minimum and maximum laboratory values during ETP. There was no significant difference in terms of ETP and maximum ALT levels between the NAC and SOC groups in the hypoxia-hypotension subgroup. CONCLUSION This study did not show an association between indirect measures of hepatic healing and post-insult use of NAC in pediatric liver injury in the PICU setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Karaarslan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Konak, Izmir 35210, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Çolak
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Konak, Izmir 35210, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Topal
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Konak, Izmir 35210, Turkey
| | - Gülhan Atakul
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Konak, Izmir 35210, Turkey
| | - Ekin Soydan
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Konak, Izmir 35210, Turkey
| | - Aykut Çağlar
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Care, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ağın
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital, Konak, Izmir 35210, Turkey
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14
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Sobotka LA, Esteban J, Volk ML, Elmunzer BJ, Rockey DC; North American Alliance for the Study of Digestive Manifestation of COVID-19*. Acute Liver Injury in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4204-14. [PMID: 34487314 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence and significance of acute liver injury in patients with COVID-19 are poorly characterized. METHODS Patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized in geographically diverse medical centers in North America were included. Demographics, symptoms, laboratory data results, and outcomes were recorded. Linear and logistic regression identified factors associated with liver injury, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay (LOS). RESULTS Among 1555 patients in the cohort, most (74%) had an elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) during hospitalization, which was very severe (> 20 × upper limit of normal [ULN]) in 3%. Severe acute liver injury (ALI) was uncommon, occurring in 0.1% on admission and 2% during hospitalization. No patient developed acute liver failure (ALF). Higher ALT was associated with leukocytosis (per mL3) (β 10.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.7-12.6, p < 0.001) and vasopressors use (β 80.2, 95%CI 21.5-138.8, p = 0.007). In-hospital mortality was associated with ALT > 20 × ULN (unadjusted OR 6.0, 95%CI 3.1-11.5, p < 0.001), ALP > 3 × ULN (unadjusted OR 4.4, 95%CI 2.5-7.7, p < 0.001), and severe ALI (unadjusted OR 6.8, 95%CI 3.0-15.3, p < 0.001) but lost significance after adjusting for covariates related to severe COVID-19 and hemodynamic instability. Elevated ALP and ALT were associated with longer LOS, admission to intensive care, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Transaminase elevation is common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Severe ALI is rare, and ALF may not be a complication of COVID-19. Extreme elevations in liver enzymes appear to be associated with mortality and longer LOS due to more severe systemic disease rather than SARS-CoV-2-related hepatitis.
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15
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Lambhiya S, Patel G, Banerjee UC. Immobilization of transaminase from Bacillus licheniformis on copper phosphate nanoflowers and its potential application in the kinetic resolution of RS-α-methyl benzyl amine. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:126. [PMID: 38650298 PMCID: PMC10992165 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the isolation and partial purification of transaminase from the wild species of Bacillus licheniformis. Semi-purified transaminase was immobilized on copper nanoflowers (NFs) synthesized through sonochemical method and explored it as a nanobiocatalyst. The conditions for the synthesis of transaminase NFs [TA@Cu3(PO4)2NF] were optimized. Synthesized NFs revealed the protein loading and activity yield-60 ± 5% and 70 ± 5%, respectively. The surface morphology of the synthesized hybrid NFs was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed the average size to be around 1 ± 0.5 μm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) was used to confirm the presence of the enzyme inside the immobilized matrix. In addition, circular dichroism and florescence spectroscopy were also used to confirm the integrity of the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein in the immobilized material. The transaminase hybrid NFs exhibited enhanced kinetic properties and stability over the free enzyme and revealed high reusability. Furthermore, the potential application of the immobilized transaminase hybrid NFs was demonstrated in the resolution of racemic α-methyl benzylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Lambhiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Gopal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
- Sagar Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, Gandhi Nagar Campus Opposite International Airport, Bhopal, 462036, MP, India
| | - Uttam Chand Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India.
- Departments of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 82A, IT City, International Airport Road, Mohali, 5300016, India.
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16
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Jin LQ, Shentu JK, Liu HL, Shao TC, Liu ZQ, Xue YP, Zheng YG. Enhanced catalytic activity of recombinant transaminase by molecular modification to improve L-phosphinothricin production. J Biotechnol 2021; 343:7-14. [PMID: 34763007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transaminases catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor to a keto group of an acceptor substrate and are applicable to the asymmetric synthesis of herbicide L-phosphinothricin (L-PPT). Here, the important residue sites (C390, I22, V52, R141, Y138 and D239) of transaminase from Salmonella enterica (SeTA) were modified at the adjacency of the substrate-binding pocket to improve the enzyme activity. Among the constructed mutant library, the SeTA-Y138F mutant displayed higher activity than the wild-type enzyme. Compared to the wild-type, SeTA-Y138F showed improved catalytic efficiency with a 4.36-fold increase. The Km and kcat of SeTA -Y138F toward 4-(hydroxy(methyl) phosphoryl)-2-oxobutanoic acid (PPO) were 26.39 mM and 34.28 s-1, respectively. Subsequently, the three-enzyme co-expression system of E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pACYCDuet-SeTA-Y138F/pETDuet-AlaDH-BsGDH was developed by combining a alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) to recycle the byproduct of amino donor, a glucose dehydrogenase (BsGDH) for cofactor recycling. Under the optimized conditions, an excellent L-PPT yield of 90.8% was achieved by the whole-cell biotransformation with 500 mM PPO. It exhibited the tri-enzymatic coupling system was potential for effective production of target L-PPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Jin
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jun-Kang Shentu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Han-Lin Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Tian-Chen Shao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Xue
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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17
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Cococcia S, Lenti MV, Santacroce G, Achilli G, Borrelli de Andreis F, Di Sabatino A. Liver-spleen axis dysfunction in COVID-19. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5919-5931. [PMID: 34629809 PMCID: PMC8475007 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i35.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an acute infectious disease that spreads mainly through the respiratory route. Besides interstitial pneumonia, a number of other clinical manifestations were noticed in COVID-19 patients. In particular, liver and spleen dysfunctions have been described both as complications of COVID-19 and as potential predisposing factors for severe COVID-19. Liver damage is rather common in COVID-19 patients, and it is most likely multifactorial, caused by the direct insult of SARS-CoV-2 to the liver by the cytokine storm triggered by the virus, by the use of hepatotoxic drugs, and as a consequence of hypoxia. Although generally mild, liver impairment has been found to be associated with a higher rate of intensive care unit admission. A higher mortality rate was reported among chronic liver disease patients. Instead, spleen impairment in patients with COVID-19 has been poorly described. The main anatomical changes are the architectural derangement of the B cell compartment, white pulp atrophy, and reduction or absence of lymphoid follicles, while, from a functional point of view, the IgM memory B cell pool is markedly depleted. The outcome of COVID-19 in asplenic or hyposplenic patients is yet to be defined. In this review, we will summarise the current knowledge regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver and spleen function, as well as the outcome of patients with a pre-existent liver disease or defective spleen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cococcia
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Achilli
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
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18
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Xiang C, Wu S, Bornscheuer UT. Directed evolution of an amine transaminase for the synthesis of an Apremilast intermediate via kinetic resolution. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 43:116271. [PMID: 34171757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Apremilast is an important active pharmaceutical ingredient that relies on a resolution to produce the key chiral amine intermediate. To provide a new catalytic and enzymatic process for Apremilast, we performed the directed evolution of the amine transaminase fromVibriofluvialis. Six rounds of evolution resulted in the VF-8M-E variant with > 400-fold increase specific activity over the wildtype enzyme. A homology model of VF-8M-E was built and a molecular docking study was performed to explain the increase in activity. The purified VF-8M-E was successfully applied to produce the key chiral amine intermediate in enantiopure form and 49% conversion via a kinetic resolution, representing a new enzymatic access towards Apremilast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Shuke Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Sakellariou S, Michaelides C, Voulgaris T, Vlachogiannakos J, Manesis E, Tiniakos DG, Delladetsima I. Keratin 7 expression in hepatic cholestatic diseases. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:815-824. [PMID: 34312700 PMCID: PMC8516784 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated keratin 7 (K7) hepatocellular expression in 92 patients with common types of acute and chronic cholestatic diseases caused by bile duct obstruction/destruction or parenchymal lesions [acute hepatitis (n=20), mixed/pure cholestasis (n=16), primary biliary cholangitis-PBC (n=35), primary sclerosing cholangitis-PSC (n=10), vanishing bile duct syndrome (n=3), complete large bile duct obstruction due to space-occupying lesions (n=8)]. K7 immunohistochemical hepatocellular expression and ductular reaction (DR) were semi-quantitatively assessed. Results were correlated with liver enzyme serum levels, cholestasis type, histological features, hepatocellular Ki67 labelling index (LI) and HepPar1 expression. Hepatocellular K7 expression was detected in 87% (81/92) cases and in all cholestatic disease types with lowest incidence in pure/mixed cholestasis and highest in incomplete bile duct obstruction (iBDO), reaching 100% in PSC. K7-positive hepatocytes had low Ki67 LI (0-5%) retaining HepPar1 expression, irrespective of disease type. PSC cases had high K7 hepatocellular expression even with intact bile ducts, a feature that may aid differential diagnosis of cholestatic syndromes. K7 hepatocellular expression significantly correlated with cholestasis type, bile duct loss and fibrosis stage. It was higher in milder acute cholestatic hepatitis showing inverse correlation with hepatocyte proliferation and serum transaminase levels. In iBDO, younger age independently correlated with high K7 expression, while serum GGT levels showed a nearly significant correlation. Correlation with DR findings implied that K7-positive hepatocytes may result through metaplasia. In conclusion, K7 hepatocellular expression is a sensitive though non-specific marker of cholestasis. It may represent a cytoprotective reaction of resting hepatocytes in cholestasis of longer duration especially in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakellariou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - C Michaelides
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - T Voulgaris
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 Agiou Thoma str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - J Vlachogiannakos
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17 Agiou Thoma str, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - E Manesis
- Liver Unit, Euroclinic, 7-9 Athanasiadou str, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - D G Tiniakos
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vasilissis Sofias Ave, 11528, Athens, Greece. .,Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - I Delladetsima
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias str, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Attademo AM, Lajmanovich RC, Peltzer PM, Boccioni APC, Martinuzzi C, Simonielo F, Repetti MR. Effects of the emulsifiable herbicide Dicamba on amphibian tadpoles: an underestimated toxicity risk? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:31962-31974. [PMID: 33619621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to the herbicide Dicamba (DIC) on tadpoles of two amphibian species, Scinax nasicus and Elachistocleis bicolor, were assessed. Mortality and biochemical sublethal effects were evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and thyroid hormone (T4) levels. The LC50 value at 48h was 0.859 mg L-1 for S. nasicus and 0.221 mg L-1 for E. bicolor tadpoles. After exposure to sublethal DIC concentrations for 48 h, GST activity increased in S. nasicus but significantly decreased in E. bicolor with respect to controls. GR activity decreased only in S. nasicus at all the tested DIC concentrations. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in both S. nasicus and E. bicolor tadpoles at 48 h. DIC also caused significant changes in transamination, as evidenced by an increase in AST and ALT activities in both amphibian species. T4 levels were higher in DIC-treated tadpoles of both species than in controls. The DIC-induced biochemical alterations in glutathione system enzymes and transaminases indicate lesions in liver tissues and cellular function. Moreover, the observed AChE inhibition could lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, excessively stimulating postsynaptic receptors, and the increase in T4 levels in both species may indicate an overactive thyroid. The commercial DIC formulation showed a high biotoxicity in the two amphibian native species after short-term exposure, controversially differing from the toxicity level indicated in the official fact sheet data. This fact highlights the need for an urgent re-categorization and reevaluation of DIC toxicity in native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Maximiliano Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola Mariela Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Candela Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Simonielo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Repetti
- PRINARC. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Sui M, Wei H, Zhang Q, Xiu R, Shen X, Zhang Z, Zhou J. Analysis of gamma-glutamyltransferase in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients undergoing arsenic trioxide treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:58-64. [PMID: 33402059 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1868782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The remarkable effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) was verified, but elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aminotransferases (ALT and AST) are generally observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients undergoing ATO treatment. However, utilization of hepatoprotective agents or discontinuation of ATO may inhibit ATO efficacy. In order to maintain ATO effect from hepatoprotective agents' influence so we investigate relationships between single elevation in GGT and hepatocellular injury in this study. METHODS Correlation of GGT variation and leukocyte counts were analyzed in all 81 APL patients, correlations among liver enzymes (ALT, AST and GGT) were also analyzed in patients without prophylactic hepatoprotective agents. In following study, we take the clinical observation of changes in aminotransferases in patients with single elevation in GGT without hepatoprotective agents. RESULTS The average elevated GGT in the WBC abnormal group was more than the normal group (53.86U/L vs. 31.03U/L, P = 0.008), a positive Pearson's correlation of GGT variation and changed leukocyte counts in patients without prophylactic hepatoprotective agents. There are no significant correlation between aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and GGT but correlation between ALT and AST was statistically significant (R = 0.649, P = 0.000). For APL patients with single elevation in GGT, ALT and AST levels were normal throughout the ATO treatment without hepatoprotective agents. CONCLUSION Single elevation in GGT without elevated aminotransferases can't be identified as hepatotoxicity, and the elevated levels of GGT are associated with increasing leukocyte counts. Continue single-agent ATO without prophylactic hepatoprotective agents is recommended in APL patients with single elevation in GGT, in order to maintain ATO effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Sui
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolin Xiu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Shen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Jamialahmadi O, Mancina RM, Ciociola E, Tavaglione F, Luukkonen PK, Baselli G, Malvestiti F, Thuillier D, Raverdy V, Männistö V, Pipitone RM, Pennisi G, Prati D, Spagnuolo R, Petta S, Pihlajamäki J, Pattou F, Yki-Järvinen H, Valenti L, Romeo S. Exome-Wide Association Study on Alanine Aminotransferase Identifies Sequence Variants in the GPAM and APOE Associated With Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1634-1646.e7. [PMID: 33347879 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a growing epidemic that is expected to be the leading cause of end-stage liver disease within the next decade. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the susceptibility of FLD. Several genetic variants contributing to FLD have been identified in exome-wide association studies. However, there is still a missing hereditability indicating that other genetic variants are yet to be discovered. METHODS To find genes involved in FLD, we first examined the association of missense and nonsense variants with alanine aminotransferase at an exome-wide level in 425,671 participants from the UK Biobank. We then validated genetic variants with liver fat content in 8930 participants in whom liver fat measurement was available, and replicated 2 genetic variants in 3 independent cohorts comprising 2621 individuals with available liver biopsy. RESULTS We identified 190 genetic variants independently associated with alanine aminotransferase after correcting for multiple testing with Bonferroni method. The majority of these variants were not previously associated with this trait. Among those associated, there was a striking enrichment of genetic variants influencing lipid metabolism. We identified the variants rs2792751 in GPAM/GPAT1, the gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial, and rs429358 in APOE, the gene encoding apolipoprotein E, as robustly associated with liver fat content and liver disease after adjusting for multiple testing. Both genes affect lipid metabolism in the liver. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 novel genetic variants in GPAM and APOE that are robustly associated with steatosis and liver damage. These findings may help to better elucidate the genetic susceptibility to FLD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosellina Margherita Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ester Ciociola
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guido Baselli
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dorothée Thuillier
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Lille Pasteur Institute, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, U1190 Translational Research in Diabetes, Lille University, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Lille Pasteur Institute, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, U1190 Translational Research in Diabetes, Lille University, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Integrated Center for Obesity, Lille, France
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Rosaria Maria Pipitone
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Grazia Pennisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - François Pattou
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Lille Pasteur Institute, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, U1190 Translational Research in Diabetes, Lille University, Lille, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Integrated Center for Obesity, Lille, France
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Bi Y, Yin B, Fan G, Xia Y, Huang J, Li A, Lin Y. Effects of acupoint therapy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 43:101376. [PMID: 33813176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: Acupoint therapy is suggested as a potential intervention for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review assessed current evidence for the effect of acupoint therapy on NAFLD. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with NAFLD treated by acupoint therapy from their inception to August 2020. A meta-analysis of outcomes was conducted by RevMan 5.3. RESULTS Sixteen RCTs with 1320 patients were included. Acupoint therapy was significantly associated with improvements in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Additionally, acupoint therapy significantly reduced triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were also increased in NAFLD patients. CONCLUSION Compared with other treatments, acupoint therapy may improve liver function and lipid metabolism, making it an available treatment for NAFLD. However, these findings need to be confirmed in large-scale, rigorously designed RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Bi
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Yin
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjie Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yaqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhu Huang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anxiang Li
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Liu S, Liu H, Li W, Lin F, Jiang L, Li X, Xu P, Zhang L, Zhao L, Cao Y, Kang J, Yang J, Li L, Liu X, Li Y, Nie R, Mu J, Lu F, Zhao S, Lu J, Zhao J. SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. J Hepatol 2020; 73:807-16. [PMID: 32437830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver enzyme abnormalities are common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whether or not severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to liver damage per se remains unknown. Herein, we reported the clinical characteristics and liver pathological manifestations of COVID-19 patients with liver enzyme abnormalities. METHODS We analyzed 156 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 2 designated centers in China and compared clinical features between patients with or without elevated aminotransferases. Postmortem liver biopsies were obtained from 2 cases who had elevated aminotransferases. We investigated the patterns of liver impairment by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay and pathological studies. RESULTS Sixty-four out of 156 (41.0%) patients with COVID-19 had elevated aminotransferases. The median levels of alanine aminotransferase were 50 U/L vs. 19 U/L, respectively, aspartate aminotransferase were 45.5 U/L vs. 24 U/L, respectively in abnormal and normal aminotransferase groups. Liver enzyme abnormalities were associated with disease severity, as well as a series of laboratory tests including higher alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference, higher gamma-glutamyltransferase, lower albumin, decreased CD4+ T cells and B lymphocytes. Ultrastructural examination identified typical coronavirus particles, characterized by spike structures, in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in 2 COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2-infected hepatocytes displayed conspicuous mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation and glycogen granule decrease. Histologically, massive hepatic apoptosis and some binuclear hepatocytes were observed. Taken together, both ultrastructural and histological evidence indicated a typical lesion of viral infection. Immunohistochemical results showed scarce CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. No obvious eosinophil infiltration, cholestasis, fibrin deposition, granuloma, massive central necrosis, or interface hepatitis were observed. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19. Hence, a surveillance of viral clearance in liver and long-term outcome of COVID-19 is required. LAY SUMMARY Liver enzyme abnormalities are common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We reported the clinical characteristics and liver pathological manifestations of COVID-19 patients with elevated liver enzymes. Our findings suggested that SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver is a crucial factor contributing to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19.
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Aljumah AA, Al-Ashgar H, Fallatah H, Albenmousa A. Acute onset autoimmune hepatitis: Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18:439-44. [PMID: 31040094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may present acutely, which can rapidly progress to fulminant type. This pattern has been described worldwide but is generally under-reported. We aim to describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of patients with acute onset AIH. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with acute onset AIH. Clinical, biochemical, and histological data were analyzed and the outcomes were reported. RESULTS Seventy patients were included. The mean age was 33.8±1.5 years and 58.6% were female. Upon initial presentation, 94% had jaundice, 44% had fatigue, 31% had pruritus, and 29% had abdominal pain. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated alanine transaminase (733±463.6), aspartate transaminase (699±423), and total bilirubin (210±181.8). Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in 61% of patients, anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) in 69%, and both in 31%; immunoglobulin G (IgG) was elevated in 86% of patients. Advanced fibrosis was found in 39%. Complete remission was achieved in 74.3%, two patients required liver transplants and six died. No specific biomarkers were identified as predictive of remission; however, advanced age was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Acute onset AIH is a disease that requires early diagnosis and management. We confirmed that elevated transaminases are the hallmark of biochemical presentation of acute AIH. High IgG, ANA and ASMA are typically present in such patients upon presentation, however, their absence does not totally exclude the diagnosis. Initial response to treatment was excellent; however, the long-term mortality was higher than the general patient population.
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Hao H, Guo H, Ma RL, Yan YZ, Hu YH, Ma JL, Zhang XH, Wang XP, Wang K, Mu LT, Song YP, Zhang JY, He J, Guo SX. Association of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin content with metabolic syndrome among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:110. [PMID: 32698889 PMCID: PMC7376964 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown that a high level of bilirubin is a protective factor against metabolic syndrome (MS), while a high level of transaminase is a risk factor for MS. However, the existing results are inconsistent and few cohort studies have been published. METHODS Using an ambispective cohort study, 565 Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China were selected as the study subjects. The baseline serum bilirubin and transaminase levels of the subjects were divided into quartiles and the relationship between these values and the incidence of MS was analyzed. The definition of MS was based on the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The average follow-up time for the subjects was 5.72 years. The cumulative incidence of MS was 36.11% (204 of the 565 subjects), and the incidence density was 63.10/1000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of MS, Compared to the lowest quartile level (Q1), the hazard ratios of MS the TBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles were: 0.47 (0.31-0.71), 0.53 (0.35-0.79), and 0.48 (0.32-0.72), respectively, while IBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles showed an MS hazard ratio of 0.48 (0.32-0.72), 0.54(0.36-0.81), and 0.52 (0.35-0.77), respectively, all at a 95% confidence level. However, no relationship was found between transaminase levels and the incidence of MS. CONCLUSION Serum TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with the incidence of MS in a Kazakh population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hao
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ru-Lin Ma
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Yan
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Hua Hu
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiao-Long Ma
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - La-Ti Mu
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan-Peng Song
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shu-Xia Guo
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Sasaki Y, Ishii T, Maeda T, Mori T, Shigeta T, Kashiwagi K, Komatsu F, Yamada A, Kijima S, Takemoto I, Miyazaki T, Urita Y. Sex difference in clinical presentation of patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:1181-5. [PMID: 32620422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few studies on sex difference in patients with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV-IM). We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the sex difference in clinical presentation of patients with EBV-IM. METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective study evaluating >14-year-old patients with serologically confirmed EBV-IM during 2006-2017. We compared the patients' age, symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory data between male and female patients. To adjust for confounding factors, we performed a logistic regression analysis based on the results of univariate comparisons. RESULT Of the 122 eligible patients (56 male and 66 female, ratio: 1:1.2), the median ages were 26 years old (interquartile range [IR], 22-31.5 years old]) and 22 years old (IR, 20-25 years old) for males and females, respectively (p < 0.001). Headache was significantly more prevalent in males (25.0% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.036). Leukocyte count was also significantly higher in males (11,400/mm3 [IR, 7,600-14,100/mm3] vs. 9,400/mm3 [IR, 6,600-11,600/mm3], p = 0.021). The prevalence of periorbital edema (male: 3.6% vs. female: 18.1%, p = 0.012) and severity of transaminase elevation were significantly higher in females. The regression analysis evaluating clinical characteristics of male patients showed that age >30 years old, headache, and leukocyte >11,000/mm3 had high odds ratios. CONCLUSION Our single-center retrospective study suggests that older age of onset, headache, and leukocytosis are more likely to be characteristics of male patients with EBV-IM. Our study also underscores the importance of periorbital edema as a clue for early diagnosis of EBV-IM, especially in female patients.
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Li H, Zhang R, Sun F, Zhang Y. Evaluation of toxicological responses and promising biomarkers of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) exposed to fipronil at environmentally relevant levels. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:24081-24089. [PMID: 32304060 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is an insecticide commonly used in agriculture. We report here on the sublethal and sub-chronic effects of fipronil on non-target topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) at environmentally relevant levels. The results showed that fipronil did not cause significant changes in brain acetylcholinesterase activities, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the intestine, and GST, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities in the liver tissues at environmentally relevant levels for 96-h exposure. In the further test for a 12-day exposure, dose-dependent responses of the serum GPT and GOT activities were observed in all treated groups with sublethal concentrations of fipronil. Furthermore, fipronil could reduce the liver mitochondrial membrane fluidity of P. parva, especially with high concentration of fipronil at high temperature. The results suggest that serum GPT and GOT in P. parva might be useful biomarkers for effects of fipronil exposure at environmentally relevant level, and reducing fluidity of liver mitochondrial membrane may be one toxic mechanism of fipronil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fuhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
- Environmental Analysis and Testing Laboratory of CRAES, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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29
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Devarbhavi H, Ganga D, Menon M, Kothari K, Singh R. Dengue hepatitis with acute liver failure: Clinical, biochemical, histopathological characteristics and predictors of outcome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1223-1228. [PMID: 31749188 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis infection from non-hepatotropic viruses such as dengue virus (DENV) is increasing worldwide. There is increasing recognition of the changing epidemiology and atypical presentations of DENV infection including acute liver failure (ALF). There is paucity of data regarding incidence, disease characteristics, and markers of prognosis in patients who develop DENV-related ALF. METHODS We aimed to study the incidence, clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and determinants of outcome in patients of DENV presenting with ALF. We reviewed all patients with DENV infection and focused on DENV-related ALF from 2014 to 2017. Diagnosis of DENV and ALF was confirmed by serological tests and standard criteria, respectively. RESULTS Thirty-six patients (20 men, mean age 32.3) developed ALF among 10 108 patients with DENV infection (0.35%). Twenty-one patients died (58.3%). Although bilirubin, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and international normalized ratio were markedly elevated in all patients with DENV ALF, there was no statistically significant difference between survivors and non-survivors. Lactate levels, pH at admission, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were the only predictors of mortality. Lactate levels were significantly higher in non-survivors (11.5 ± 4.2 mmol/L) than survivors (6.3 ± 3.6 mmol/L) (P < 0.001). MELD score in non-survivors (26.7 ± 10.2) was significantly higher than in survivors (20 ± 7.2) (P = 0.039). Receiver operator characteristic curve showed lactate or pH to be a superior prognostic marker than MELD with an area under the curve of 0.80, 0.79, and 0.70, respectively. CONCLUSION Dengue hepatitis progressed to ALF in 0.35%. Development of ALF was associated with a high mortality (> 50%). Lactate level, pH, and MELD score at admission were significant determinants of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Devarbhavi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepak Ganga
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahesh Menon
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Ksheetij Kothari
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Acute Care Surgery, HGH, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Liao XL, Li Q, Yang D, Ma CL, Jiang ZB, He YC. An Effective Hybrid Strategy for Conversion of Biomass into Furfurylamine by Tandem Pretreatment and Biotransamination. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:794-811. [PMID: 32588207 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an effective hybrid strategy was developed for tandem conversion of biomass to furfurylamine with tin-based solid acid Sn-Maifanitum stone and recombinant Escherichia coli whole cells harboring ω-transaminase. 90.3 mM furfural was obtained from corncob (75 g/L) at 170 °C for 0.5 h over Sn-Maifanitum stone catalyst (3.5 wt%) in the aqueous media (pH 1.0), which could be further bioconverted into furfurylamine at 74.0% yield (based on biomass-derived furfural) within 20.5 h. Finally, an efficient recycling and reuse of Sn-Maifanitum stone catalyst and immobilized Escherichia coli AT2018 whole-cell biocatalyst was developed for the synthesis of furfurylamine from biomass in the one-pot reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Luan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Bing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cai He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China. .,Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Jafri RZ, McNamara EA, Snyder EA, Shah U, Singh I, Hayes FJ, Lin AE, Levitsky LL. Further Delineation of Liver Involvement in Girls and Women with Turner Syndrome: Case Report of a 2-Year-Old with Liver Dysfunction and Review of Patients Followed in the MassGeneral Hospital Turner Syndrome Clinic. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 92:328-334. [PMID: 31563903 DOI: 10.1159/000502842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver function test (LFT) abnormalities, which may reflect underlying pathophysiology, are a well-known feature of Turner syndrome. Less frequently, liver findings may include vascular changes and, rarely, severe liver disease. Although previous studies on children and adolescents suggest a frequency of LFT abnormalities of up to 60%, less is known about the age at onset and natural history. METHODS We report a now 19-year-old young woman with Turner syndrome mosaicism with elevated transaminase levels first detected at the age of 2 years. We also present a retrospective analysis of 179 girls and women followed in the MassGeneral Hospital Turner Syndrome Clinic. RESULTS In the index case, the severity of liver function test abnormalities fluctuated without complete resolution from 2 to 18 years of age. In the full cohort of 179 patients, when lab results were available, elevated ALT levels occurred in 16 (11%) subjects of all ages, and in 5 (10%) patients ≤18 years of age. Significant and persistent ALT elevations occurred in 2 patients <10 years of age. CONCLUSION The updated Clinical Practice Guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome recommend annual liver function tests throughout the lifespan, starting at the age of 10 years. Based on our data showing persistent elevation of at least one liver enzyme, we recommend a prospective and more comprehensive study of liver function in younger patients with Turner syndrome. An improved estimate of prevalence could better inform age-adjusted guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Z Jafri
- Pediatric Endocrinology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Erin A McNamara
- Medical Genetics Unit and MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma A Snyder
- Medical Genetics Unit and MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Uzma Shah
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Frances J Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Reproductive Endocrine Unit, MassGeneral Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics Unit and MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynne L Levitsky
- Pediatric Endocrinology, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yanagita I, Fujihara Y, Iwaya C, Kitajima Y, Tajima M, Honda M, Teruya Y, Asakawa H, Ito T, Eda T, Yamaguchi N, Kayashima Y, Yoshimoto M, Harada M, Yoshimoto S, Aida E, Yanase T, Nawata H, Muta K. Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes-a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:200. [PMID: 32517659 PMCID: PMC7285748 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty is broadly characterized by vulnerability and decline in physical, mental and social activities and is more common in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Frailty is closely associated with nutrition, muscle strength, inflammation, and hormones etc. In hormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and cortisol are suggested to be such candidates affecting frailty. Little investigation has been performed using a wider range of measures of frailty to clarify risk factors for frailty including the above two hormones. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n = 148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty, and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis. Results Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS < 70 μg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥ 0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (< 4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR] = 5.79, p < 0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (< 25 IU/L) (OR = 4.34, p = 0.009), and low body mass (BM) (< 53 kg) (OR = 3.85, p = 0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM. Conclusions Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Yanagita
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Yuya Fujihara
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Chikayo Iwaya
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitajima
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Misuzu Tajima
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Masanao Honda
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Yuji Teruya
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Hideko Asakawa
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Terumi Eda
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamaguchi
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Yumi Kayashima
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yoshimoto
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harada
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Shoji Yoshimoto
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Eiji Aida
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yanase
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan. .,Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Hajime Nawata
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
| | - Kazuo Muta
- Muta Hospital, 3-9-1 Hoshikuma, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0163, Japan
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Maskell KF, Powell SW, Willis D, Okhomina V, Sima AP, Wills BK. Patterns of transaminase elevation in rhabdomyolysis versus acetaminophen toxicity. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 44:362-365. [PMID: 32507476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transaminase elevations can occur from liver injury or in the setting of rhabdomyolysis. The goal of this study is to evaluate indices that could differentiate acetaminophen toxicity from muscle injury in the setting of transaminase elevations. METHODS A retrospective chart review of consecutive cases reported to our regional poison center. Patients with transaminase (AST and ALT) elevation were grouped as those with acetaminophen exposure (AT) and those with elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) without evidence of acetaminophen exposure (RHB). RESULTS Of the 345 patients included in the study, elevated AST/ALT levels were attributed to rhabdomyolysis in 168 patients and attributed to acetaminophen toxicity in 177 patients. The median AST: ALT values also differed between groups, with patients in the RHB group had higher median ratios (p < 0.001). Using an AST: ALT value of 2.02 as a diagnostic cutoff produced a specificity of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.64) and sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.94) for acetaminophen detection in the test dataset (N = 104). CONCLUSIONS Elevated transaminases due to liver injury from acetaminophen ingestion had a different pattern than elevated transaminases due to rhabdomyolysis. Lower AST:ALT ratios were found in acetaminophen cases, however, the specificity using a ratio threshold of ≤1 would be 83%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F Maskell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Scott W Powell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Deanna Willis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Victoria Okhomina
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Adam P Sima
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Brandon K Wills
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
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Kelly SA, Mix S, Moody TS, Gilmore BF. Transaminases for industrial biocatalysis: novel enzyme discovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4781-4794. [PMID: 32300853 PMCID: PMC7228992 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Transaminases (TAms) are important enzymes for the production of chiral amines for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Novel TAms for use in these industries have been discovered using a range of approaches, including activity-guided methods and homologous sequence searches from cultured microorganisms to searches using key motifs and metagenomic mining of environmental DNA libraries. This mini-review focuses on the methods used for TAm discovery over the past two decades, analyzing the changing trends in the field and highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the respective approaches used. This review will also discuss the role of protein engineering in the development of novel TAms and explore possible directions for future TAm discovery for application in industrial biocatalysis. KEY POINTS: • The past two decades of TAm enzyme discovery approaches are explored. • TAm sequences are phylogenetically analyzed and compared to other discovery methods. • Benefits and drawbacks of discovery approaches for novel biocatalysts are discussed. • The role of protein engineering and future discovery directions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Stefan Mix
- Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, UK
| | - Thomas S Moody
- Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, UK
- Arran Chemical Company Limited, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Athlone, Co. Roscommon, Ireland
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
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Ildefonso-Najarro SP, Plasencia-Dueñas EA, Benites-Moya CJ, Carrion-Rojas J, Concepción-Zavaleta MJ. Pregnancy during the course of Cushing's syndrome: a case report and literature review. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020; 2020:EDM200022. [PMID: 32478666 PMCID: PMC7159255 DOI: 10.1530/edm-20-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Cushing's syndrome is an endocrine disorder that causes anovulatory infertility secondary to hypercortisolism; therefore, pregnancy rarely occurs during its course. We present the case of a 24-year-old, 16-week pregnant female with a 10-month history of unintentional weight gain, dorsal gibbus, nonpruritic comedones, hirsutism and hair loss. Initial biochemical, hormonal and ultrasound investigations revealed hypokalemia, increased nocturnal cortisolemia and a right adrenal mass. The patient had persistent high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hypercortisolemia. She was initially treated with antihypertensive medications and insulin therapy. Endogenous Cushing's syndrome was confirmed by an abdominal MRI that demonstrated a right adrenal adenoma. The patient underwent right laparoscopic adrenalectomy and anatomopathological examination revealed an adrenal adenoma with areas of oncocytic changes. Finally, antihypertensive medication was progressively reduced and glycemic control and hypokalemia reversal were achieved. Long-term therapy consisted of low-dose daily prednisone. During follow-up, despite favorable outcomes regarding the patient's Cushing's syndrome, stillbirth was confirmed at 28 weeks of pregnancy. We discuss the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's syndrome to prevent severe maternal and fetal complications. LEARNING POINTS Pregnancy can occur, though rarely, during the course of Cushing's syndrome. Pregnancy is a transient physiological state of hypercortisolism and it must be differentiated from Cushing's syndrome based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy may be challenging, particularly in the second and third trimesters because of the changes in the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pregnancy during the course of Cushing's syndrome is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications; therefore, its early diagnosis and treatment is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose Carrion-Rojas
- Metabolism and Reproduction Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, Lima, Peru
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Yoshida T, Yamasaki S, Kaneko O, Taoka N, Tomimoto Y, Namatame I, Yahata T, Kuromitsu S, Cantley LC, Lyssiotis CA. A covalent small molecule inhibitor of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 impairs pancreatic cancer growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:633-638. [PMID: 31787239 PMCID: PMC6981064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic programs are rewired in cancer cells to support survival and tumor growth. Among these, recent studies have demonstrated that glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) plays key roles in maintaining redox homeostasis and proliferation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). This suggests that small molecule inhibitors of GOT1 could have utility for the treatment of PDA. However, the development of GOT1 inhibitors has been challenging, and no compound has yet demonstrated selectivity for GOT1-dependent cell metabolism or selective growth inhibition of PDA cell lines. In contrast, potent inhibitors that covalently bind to the transaminase cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), within the active site of the enzyme, have been reported for kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT). Given the drug discovery successes with these transaminases, we aimed to identify PLP-dependent suicide substrate-type GOT1 inhibitors. Here, we demonstrate that PF-04859989, a known KAT2 inhibitor, has PLP-dependent inhibitory activity against GOT1 and shows selective growth inhibition of PDA cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yoshida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamasaki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Naofumi Taoka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomimoto
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Ichiji Namatame
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiko Yahata
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Sadao Kuromitsu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
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Makarov AA, Iacob RE, Pirrone GF, Rodriguez-Granillo A, Joyce L, Mangion I, Moore JC, Sherer EC, Engen JR. Combination of HDX-MS and in silico modeling to study enzymatic reactivity and stereo-selectivity at different solvent conditions. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 182:113141. [PMID: 32036298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The higher-order structure of a protein defines its function, and protein structural dynamics are often essential for protein binding and enzyme catalysis. Methods for protein characterization in solution are continuously being developed to understand and explore protein conformational changes with regards to function and activity. The goal of this study was to survey the use of combining HDX-MS global conformational screening with in silico modeling and continuous labeling peptide-level HDX-MS as an approach to highlight regions of interest within an enzyme required for biocatalytic processes. We surveyed in silico modeling correlated with peptide level HDX-MS experiments to characterize and localize transaminase enzyme structural dynamics at different conditions. This approach was orthogonally correlated with a global Size-Exclusion-HDX (SEC-HDX) screen for global conformational comparison and global alpha-helical content measurements by circular dichroism. Enzymatic activity and stereo-selectivity of transaminases were compared at different reaction-solution conditions that forced protein conformational changes by increasing acetonitrile concentration. The experimental peptide-level HDX-MS results demonstrated similar trends to the modeling data showing that certain regions remained folded in transaminases ATA-036 and ATA-303 with increasing acetonitrile concentration, which is also associated with shifting stereoselectivity. HDX modeling, SEC-HDX and CD experimental data showed that transaminase ATA-234 had the highest level of global unfolding with increasing acetonitrile concentration compared to the other two enzymes, which correlated with drastically reduced product conversion in transamination reaction. The combined HDX modeling/experimental workflow, based on enzymatic reactions studied at different conditions to induce changes in enzyme conformation, could be used as a tool to guide directed evolution efforts by identifying and focusing on the regions of an enzyme required for reaction product conversion and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Makarov
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | - Roxana E Iacob
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory F Pirrone
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Leo Joyce
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ian Mangion
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Moore
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Merck & Co., Inc., Computational and Structural Chemistry, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - John R Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tanaka Y, Uchida T, Yamaguchi H, Kudo Y, Yonekawa T, Nakazato M. Fulminant hepatitis and elevated levels of sIL-2R in thyroid storm. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2019; 2019:EDM190078. [PMID: 31600730 PMCID: PMC6765318 DOI: 10.1530/edm-19-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY We report the case of a 48-year-old man with thyroid storm associated with fulminant hepatitis and elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R). Fatigue, low-grade fever, shortness of breath, and weight loss developed over several months. The patient was admitted to the hospital because of tachycardia-induced heart failure and liver dysfunction. Graves' disease with heart failure was diagnosed. He was treated with methimazole, inorganic iodide, and a β-blocker. On the day after admission, he became unconscious with a high fever and was transferred to the intensive care unit. Cardiogenic shock with atrial flutter was treated with intra-aortic balloon pumping and cardioversion. Hyperthyroidism decreased over 10 days, but hepatic failure developed. He was diagnosed with thyroid storm accompanied by fulminant hepatitis. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated levels of sIL-2R (9770 U/mL). The fulminant hepatitis was refractory to plasma exchange and plasma filtration with dialysis, and no donors for liver transplantation were available. He died of hemoperitoneum and gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to fulminant hepatitis 62 days after admission. Elevated circulating levels of sIL-2R might be a marker of poor prognosis in thyroid storm with fulminant hepatitis. LEARNING POINTS The prognosis of thyroid storm when fulminant hepatitis occurs is poor. Liver transplantation is the preferred treatment for fulminant hepatitis induced by thyroid storm refractory to plasma exchange. Elevated levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor might be a marker of poor prognosis in patients with thyroid storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tanaka
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Taisuke Uchida
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yohei Kudo
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tadato Yonekawa
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Nakazato
- Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Meng L, Liu Y, Yin X, Zhou H, Wu J, Wu M, Yang L. Effects of His-tag on Catalytic Activity and Enantioselectivity of Recombinant Transaminases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:880-895. [PMID: 31515673 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins were often expressed with His-tag to simplify the purification process. Among them, transaminase was mostly expressed with fusion tags and widely used in the production of numerous amino moieties. However, the existence of the His-tag has been reported to affect various properties of different recombinant enzymes, while the effect on transaminase was rarely studied. In this paper, we investigated the effect of His-tag on transaminase based on the various activities of 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate transaminase (GabT) when it was expressed in vector pETDuet-1. We found that His-tag did not affect the enantioselectivity, but decreased the catalytic activity to different extents according to its existence and location. Native GabT maintained the highest catalytic activity; GabT with C-terminal His-tag showed slightly lower activity than native GabT but about 2.2-fold higher than GabT with N-terminal His-tag. Besides, other fusion tags like T7-tag and S-tag inserted between N-His-tag and GabT can relieve the decreasing effect of His-tag on GabT activity. Furthermore, whole cell catalytic activity of several transaminases was improved by deleting the N-terminal His-tag. This study provided a strategy for the efficient expression of recombinant transaminase with improved catalytic activity and might attract attention to the effect of His-tag on other enzymatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Meng
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yayun Liu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinjian Yin
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mianbin Wu
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Braun-Galleani S, Henríquez MJ, Nesbeth DN. Whole cell biosynthesis of 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine and 2-amino-1,3,4-butanetriol using Komagataella phaffii ( Pichia pastoris) strain BG-10 engineered with a transgene encoding Chromobacterium violaceum ω- transaminase. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02338. [PMID: 31467995 PMCID: PMC6710532 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have engineered strain BG-10 of the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii for use as an effective whole cell biocatalyst. We introduced into the yeast a transgene encoding a Chromobacterium violaceum ω-transaminase for transcription in response to methanol induction. The strain was then assessed with respect to its growth performance and biotransformation of a fed ketoalcohol substrate to an amino-alcohol. In the resultant strain, BG-TAM, methanol induction did not compromise cell growth. Successful bioconversion of fed substrates to the by-product, acetophenone, indicated transaminase activity in shake flask-cultivated BG-TAM cells. We then used bioreactor cultivation to exploit the high levels of biomass achievable by Komagataella phaffii. In a 900 μL reaction the BG-TAM strain at OD600 = 1024 achieved up to 0.41 mol mol−1 (molproduct molsubstrate−1) yield on substrate (Yp/s) for production of 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine and a space time yield (STY) of 0.29 g L−1 h−1 for production of 2-amino-1,3,4-butanetriol. We have shown that transamination, an important step for bespoke synthesis of small molecule medicines, is biologically realisable using enzymes with a broad substrate range, such as ω-transaminases, within living yeast cells that are fed low-cost substrates for bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Braun-Galleani
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-José Henríquez
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Darren N Nesbeth
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Kwon S, Park HH. Structural Consideration of the Working Mechanism of Fold Type I Transaminases From Eubacteria: Overt and Covert Movement. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1031-1039. [PMID: 31452855 PMCID: PMC6698932 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transaminases (TAs) reversibly catalyze the transfer reaction of an amino group between an amino group donor and an amino group acceptor, using pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor. TAs are categorized according to the amino group position of the donor substrate and respective TAs recognize their own specific substrates. Over the past decade, a number of TA structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography. On the basis of the structural information, the detailed mechanism of substrate recognition by TAs has also been elucidated. In this review, fold type I TAs are addressed intensively. Comparative studies on structural differences between the apo and holo forms of fold type I TAs have demonstrated that regions containing the active site exhibit structural plasticity in the apo form, facilitating PLP insertion into the active site. In addition, given that TAs recognize two different kinds of substrates, they possess dual substrate specificity. It is known that spatial rearrangements of active site residues occur upon binding of the substrates. Intriguingly, positively charged residues are predominantly distributed at the active site cavity. The electric field generated by such charge distributions may attract negatively charged molecules, such as PLP and amino group acceptors, into the active site. Indeed, TAs show remarkable dynamics in diverse aspects. In this review, we describe the comprehensive working mechanism of fold type I TAs, with a focus on conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Corresponding author at: College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Kelly SA, Magill DJ, Megaw J, Skvortsov T, Allers T, McGrath JW, Allen CCR, Moody TS, Gilmore BF. Characterisation of a solvent-tolerant haloarchaeal (R)-selective transaminase isolated from a Triassic period salt mine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5727-5737. [PMID: 31123770 PMCID: PMC6597733 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transaminase enzymes (TAms) are becoming increasingly valuable in the chemist’s toolbox as a biocatalytic route to chiral amines. Despite high profile successes, the lack of (R)-selective TAms and robustness under harsh industrial conditions continue to prove problematic. Herein, we report the isolation of the first haloarchaeal TAm (BC61-TAm) to be characterised for the purposes of pharmaceutical biocatalysis. BC61-TAm is an (R)-selective enzyme, cloned from an extremely halophilic archaeon, isolated from a Triassic period salt mine. Produced using a Haloferax volcanii–based expression model, the resulting protein displays a classic halophilic activity profile, as well as thermotolerance (optimum 50 °C) and organic solvent tolerance. Molecular modelling predicts the putative active site residues of haloarchaeal TAms, with molecular dynamics simulations providing insights on the basis of BC61-TAm’s organic solvent tolerance. These results represent an exciting advance in the study of transaminases from extremophiles, providing a possible scaffold for future discovery of biocatalytic enzymes with robust properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian J Magill
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Julianne Megaw
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Thorsten Allers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - John W McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Thomas S Moody
- Almac, Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, UK
- Arran Chemical Company Limited, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Athlone, Co. Roscommon, Ireland
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Ofori EK, Owusu-Ababio D, Tagoe EA, Asare-Anane H. Dyslipidaemia is common among patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study at Tema Port Clinic. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:204. [PMID: 30944035 PMCID: PMC6448301 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate dyslipidemia in Ghanaian subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Hundred individuals with type 2 diabetes and 61 apparently healthy controls participated. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among persons with type 2 diabetes was 53%. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were higher in persons with type 2 diabetes compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Positive correlations were found within persons with type 2 diabetes for triglyceride vs FBG; ALT vs age and aspartate transaminase (AST) vs TG (p < 0.05 respectively). This study demonstrated hyperlipidemia and poor liver health in persons with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kwaku Ofori
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (S.B.A.H.S.), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | | | - Emmanuel A Tagoe
- Department of Medical Laboratory, S.B.A.H.S, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Henry Asare-Anane
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (S.B.A.H.S.), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Tang XL, Zhang NN, Ye GY, Zheng YG. Efficient biosynthesis of (R)-3-amino-1-butanol by a novel (R)-selective transaminase from Actinobacteria sp. J Biotechnol 2019; 295:49-54. [PMID: 30853639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
(R)-3-amino-1-butanol is a key intermediate of Dolutegravir for the treatment of HIV/AIDS and its green and efficient biosynthesis has attracted a great deal of attention. Transaminases are currently used as promising biocatalyst for the synthesis of chiral amines. However, many transaminases have (S)-specificity and (R)-selective transaminases were less exploited and studied, making the production of (R)-amines remain challenging. In this study, a novel transaminase from Actinobacteria sp. (As-TA) was obtained and applied for the biosynthesis of (R)-3-amino-1-butanol by transferring the amino group from isopropylamine to 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. After optimization of the reaction condition and using a substrate fed-batch strategy, the conversion of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mM 4-hydroxy-2-butanone reached 100%, 94.9%, 86.1%, 76.1% and 70.9%, respectively. (R)-3-amino-1-butanol with a maximum yield of 29.6 g/L and 99.9% e.e. value was obtained. This was the first time demonstrating the successful biosynthesis of (R)-3-amino-1-butanol with transaminase as biocatalyst and the obtained As-TA enriched the enzyme pool of transaminase with (R)-specificity.
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45
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Parvaresh Anbar A, Piran T, Farhadi M, Karimi P. Iranian crack induces hepatic injury through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the liver of Wistar rat. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018; 21:1179-1185. [PMID: 30483393 PMCID: PMC6251400 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.23543.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Iranian crack (IC) is a heroin-based substance manifesting various pathologic side effects. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of IC-induced liver injuries in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control, and IC (0.9 mg/kg/day/IP, for 30 days). Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by DCF fluorescence staining. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (c-JNK) were assessed by immunoblotting assay. The intensity of collagen fiber in the liver was also determined by Trichrome-Masson staining. Furthermore, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were measured using colorimetric methods. Results Our results showed that ROS production, p38 MAPK, c-JNK phosphorylation levels, and expression of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly elevated in the liver tissue of IC group as compared to the control group. Moreover, collagen fiber and ALT activity were increased in the liver tissue of IC group compared to the control group. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of ALP between two groups. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the intensity of collagen fiber and the ALT activity, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and liver enzymes activities including ALP, ALT, and AST. Conclusion Our findings revealed that IC-induced liver cells injury is partially mediated by MAPK stress kinases. Therefore, regular liver examination in substance abuse is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayyebeh Piran
- Higher Academic Education Institute of Rab-e Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farhadi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ruggieri F, van Langen LM, Logan DT, Walse B, Berglund P. Transaminase-Catalyzed Racemization with Potential for Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:5012-5018. [PMID: 30546495 PMCID: PMC6282829 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) reactions in which a stereoselective enzyme and a racemization step are coupled in one pot would represent powerful tools for the production of enantiopure amines through enantioconvergence of racemates. The exploitation of DKR strategies is currently hampered by the lack of effective, enzyme-compatible and scalable racemization strategies for amines. In the present work, the proof of concept of a fully biocatalytic method for amine racemization is presented. Both enantiomers of the model compound 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine could be racemized in water and at room temperature using a couple of wild-type, non-proprietary, enantiocomplementary amine transaminases and a minimum amount of pyruvate/alanine as a co-substrate couple. The biocatalytic simultaneous parallel cascade reaction presented here poses itself as a customizable amine racemization system with potential for the chemical industry in competition with traditional transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruggieri
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSE-106 91Sweden
- SARomics Biostructures AB Medicon VillageLundSE-223 81Sweden
| | | | - Derek T. Logan
- SARomics Biostructures AB Medicon VillageLundSE-223 81Sweden
| | - Björn Walse
- SARomics Biostructures AB Medicon VillageLundSE-223 81Sweden
| | - Per Berglund
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSE-106 91Sweden
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Kelly SA, Skvortsov T, Magill D, Quinn DJ, McGrath JW, Allen CCR, Moody TS, Gilmore BF. Characterization of a novel ω- transaminase from a Triassic salt mine metagenome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2936-2942. [PMID: 30119883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral amines are valuable building blocks for the pharmaceutical industry, and are increasingly synthesized by transaminase-mediated (TAm) synthesis. Currently available TAms, primarily isolated from the genomes of cultured mesophilic bacteria, often suffer from a number of drawbacks, including poor substrate range and an inability to tolerate the harsh conditions often demanded by industrial processes. These characteristics have, in part, driven the search for novel biocatalysts from both metagenomic sources and extreme environments. Herein, we report the isolation and characterization of an ω-TAm from a metagenome of a Triassic salt mine in Kilroot, N. Ireland, an extremely hypersaline environment formed circa 220-250 mya. The gene sequence was identified based on homology with existing bacterial TAms, synthesized within a pET28a(+) plasmid and expressed in E. coli BL21 DE3 cells. The resultant 49 kDa protein accepted (S)-methylbenzylamine (MBA) as amino donor and had a specific activity of 0.54 U/mg using α-ketoglutarate (ΑKG) as substrate. Molecular modeling and substrate docking indicated the presence of key residues, conserved in a number of other TAms. Despite the hypersaline environment from which it was isolated, the enzyme displayed low halotolerance, highlighting that not all biocatalysts will demonstrate the extreme characteristics associated with their source environment. This study does however reinforce the viability of mining metagenomic datasets as a means of discovering novel and functional biocatalysts, and adds to a currently scant list of such examples in the field of TAms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Timofey Skvortsov
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Damian Magill
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Derek J Quinn
- Almac, Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, N. Ireland, UK
| | - John W McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Christopher C R Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK
| | - Thomas S Moody
- Almac, Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, N. Ireland, UK; Arran Chemical Company Limited, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Athlone, Co. Roscommon, Ireland
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, N. Ireland, UK.
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Ahn CH, Jang JY, Lee SO, Yoon JW, Kim SW, Park KS, Jung HS. Liver transaminase levels after intraportal autologous islet transplantation after partial pancreatectomy were associated with long-term metabolic outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:232-238. [PMID: 30036613 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the changes of post-procedural liver transaminase levels after autologous islet transplantation (ITx), and their associations with glycemic outcomes. METHODS Non-diabetic patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for benign tumors were enrolled. Islets isolated from the healthy part of the resected pancreas were transplanted via the portal vein. Metabolic parameters were evaluated in the subjects for 5 years. RESULTS Eight patients completed the study and four developed postoperative diabetes mellitus (PODM). Disposition index (DI) at postoperative 1 year showed prominent difference between the patients who develop PODM or not: DI was preserved in the PODM-free patients (49.7 ± 4.5 to 70.8 ± 14.4, P = 0.182), while it significantly decreased in the PODM patients (69.3 ± 9.9 to 28.5 ± 3.9, P = 0.019). The preoperative liver transaminase levels were not different between the two groups. However, transient increase in liver transaminase levels during the first week after ITx was observed only in the PODM patients, and their peak values demonstrated significant negative correlation with the changes in DI (r = -0.774 for alanine transaminase, r = -0.759 for aspartate transaminase; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevation of serum transaminases after ITx could be one of the factors determining insulin secretion and PODM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Whe Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bawn M, Subrizi F, Lye GJ, Sheppard TD, Hailes HC, Ward JM. One-pot, two-step transaminase and transketolase synthesis of l-gluco-heptulose from l-arabinose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 116:16-22. [PMID: 29887012 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of biocatalysis for the synthesis of high value added chemical building blocks derived from biomass is becoming an increasingly important application for future sustainable technologies. The synthesis of a higher value chemical from l-arabinose, the predominant monosaccharide obtained from sugar beet pulp, is demonstrated here via a transketolase and transaminase coupled reaction. Thermostable transketolases derived from Deinococcus geothermalis and Deinococcus radiodurans catalysed the synthesis of l-gluco-heptulose from l-arabinose and β-hydroxypyruvate at elevated temperatures with high conversions. β-Hydroxypyruvate, a commercially expensive compound used in the transketolase reaction, was generated in situ from l-serine and α-ketoglutaric acid via a thermostable transaminase, also from Deinococcus geothermalis. The two steps were investigated and implemented in a one-pot system for the sustainable and efficient production of l-gluco-heptulose.
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50
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Yang CS, Stampouloglou E, Kingston NM, Zhang L, Monti S, Varelas X. Glutamine-utilizing transaminases are a metabolic vulnerability of TAZ/YAP-activated cancer cells. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201643577. [PMID: 29661856 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators TAZ and YAP (TAZ/YAP) have emerged as pro-tumorigenic factors that drive many oncogenic traits, including induction of cell growth, resistance to cell death, and activation of processes that promote migration and invasion. Here, we report that TAZ/YAP reprogram cellular energetics to promote the dependence of breast cancer cell growth on exogenous glutamine. Rescue experiments with glutamine-derived metabolites suggest an essential role for glutamate and α-ketoglutarate (AKG) in TAZ/YAP-driven cell growth in the absence of glutamine. Analysis of enzymes that mediate the conversion of glutamate to AKG shows that TAZ/YAP induce glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT1) and phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT1) expression and that TAZ/YAP activity positively correlates with transaminase expression in breast cancer patients. Notably, we find that the transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetate (AOA) represses cell growth in a TAZ/YAP-dependent manner, identifying transamination as a potential vulnerable metabolic requirement for TAZ/YAP-driven breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sheng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleni Stampouloglou
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan M Kingston
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liye Zhang
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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