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Labecka N, Szczepanczyk M, Mojumdar E, Sparr E, Björklund S. Unraveling UVB effects: Catalase activity and molecular alterations in the stratum corneum. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:176-188. [PMID: 38593652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can compromise the functionality of the skin barrier through various mechanisms. We hypothesize that UVB induce photochemical alterations in the components of the outermost layer of the skin, known as the stratum corneum (SC), and modulate its antioxidative defense mechanisms. Catalase is a well-known antioxidative enzyme found in the SC where it acts to scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, a detailed characterization of acute UVB exposure on the activity of native catalase in the SC is lacking. Moreover, the effects of UVB irradiation on the molecular dynamics and organization of the SC keratin and lipid components remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this work is to characterize consequences of UVB exposure on the structural and antioxidative properties of catalase, as well as on the molecular and global properties of the SC matrix surrounding the enzyme. EXPERIMENTS The effect of UVB irradiation on the catalase function is investigated by chronoamperometry with a skin covered oxygen electrode, which probes the activity of native catalase in the SC matrix. Circular dichroism is used to explore changes of the catalase secondary structure, and gel electrophoresis is used to detect fragmentation of the enzyme following the UVB exposure. UVB induced alterations of the SC molecular dynamics and structural features of the SC barrier, as well as its water sorption behavior, are investigated by a complementary set of techniques, including natural abundance 13C polarization transfer solid-state NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic vapor sorption microbalance. FINDINGS The findings show that UVB exposure impairs the antioxidative function of catalase by deactivating both native catalase in the SC matrix and lyophilized catalase. However, UVB radiation does not alter the secondary structure of the catalase nor induce any observable enzyme fragmentation, which otherwise could explain deactivation of its function. NMR measurements on SC samples show a subtle increase in the molecular mobility of the terminal segments of the SC lipids, accompanied by a decrease in the mobility of lipid chain trans-gauche conformers after high doses of UVB exposure. At the same time, the NMR data suggest increased rigidity of the polypeptide backbone of the keratin filaments, while the molecular mobility of amino acid residues in random coil domains of keratin remain unaffected by UVB irradiation. The FTIR data show a consistent decrease in absorbance associated with lipid bond vibrations, relative to the main protein bands. Collectively, the NMR and FTIR data suggest a small modification in the composition of fluid and solid phases of the SC lipid and protein components after UVB exposure, unrelated to the hydration capacity of the SC tissue. To conclude, UVB deactivation of catalase is anticipated to elevate oxidative stress of the SC, which, when coupled with subtle changes in the molecular characteristics of the SC, may compromise the overall skin health and elevate the likelihood of developing skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Labecka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michal Szczepanczyk
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Enamul Mojumdar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; CR Competence AB, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Björklund
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.
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Ding P, Wang R, He Y. Risk factors for pterygium: Latest research progress on major pathogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109900. [PMID: 38636803 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A pterygium is a wedge-shaped fibrovascular growth of the conjunctiva membrane that extends onto the cornea, which is the outer layer of the eye. It is also known as surfer's eye. Growth of a pterygium can also occur on the either side of the eye, attaching firmly to the sclera. Pterygia are one of the world's most common ocular diseases. However, the pathogenesis remains unsolved to date. As the pathogenesis of pterygium is closely related to finding the ideal treatment, a clear understanding of the pathogenesis will lead to better treatment and lower the recurrence rate, which is notably high and more difficult to treat than a primary pterygium. Massive studies have recently been conducted to determine the exact causes and mechanism of pterygia. We evaluated the pathogenetic factors ultraviolet radiation, viral infection, tumor suppressor genes p53, growth factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuropeptides in the progression of the disease. The heightened expression of TRPV1 suggests its potential contribution in the occurrence of pterygium, promoting its inflammation and modulating sensory responses in ocular tissues. Subsequently, the developmental mechanism of pterygium, along with its correlation with dry eye disease is proposed to facilitate the identification of pathogenetic factors for pterygia, contributing to the advancement of understanding in this area and may lead to improved surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin Province, China.
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Carrillo P, González-Olalla JM, J Cabrerizo M, Villar-Argaiz M, Medina-Sánchez JM. Uneven response of phytoplankton-bacteria coupling under Saharan dust pulse and ultraviolet radiation in the south-western Mediterranean Sea. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172220. [PMID: 38588733 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The microbial carbon (C) flux in the ocean is a key functional process governed by the excretion of organic carbon by phytoplankton (EOC) and heterotrophic bacterial carbon demand (BCD). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels in upper mixed layers and increasing atmospheric dust deposition from arid regions may alter the degree of coupling in the phytoplankton-bacteria relationship (measured as BCD:EOC ratio) with consequences for the C-flux through these compartments in marine oligotrophic ecosystem. Firstly, we performed a field study across the south-western (SW) Mediterranean Sea to assess the degree of coupling (BCD:EOC) and how it may be related to metabolic balance (total primary production: community respiration; PPT:CR). Secondly, we conducted a microcosm experiment in two contrasting areas (heterotrophic nearshore and autotrophic open sea) to test the impact of UVR and dust interaction on microbial C flux. In the field study, we found that BCD was not satisfied by EOC (i.e., BCD:EOC >1; uncoupled phytoplankton-bacteria relationship). BCD:EOC ratio was negatively related to PPT:CR ratio across the SW Mediterranean Sea. A spatial pattern emerged, i.e. in autotrophic open sea stations uncoupling was less severe (BCD:EOC ranged 1-2), whereas heterotrophic nearshore stations uncoupling was more severe (BCD:EOC > 2). In the experimental study, in the seawater both enriched with dust and under UVR, BCD:EOC ratio decreased by stimulating autotrophic processes (particulate primary production (PPP) and EOC) in the heterotrophic nearshore area, whereas BCD:EOC increased by stimulating heterotrophic processes [heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP), bacterial growth efficiency (BGE), bacterial respiration (BR)] in the autotrophic open sea. Our results show that this spatial pattern could be reversed under future UVR × Dust scenario. Overall, the impact of greater dust deposition and higher UVR levels will alter the phytoplankton-bacteria C-flux with consequences for the productivity of both communities, their standing stocks, and ultimately, the ecosystem's metabolic balance at the sea surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presentación Carrillo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel González-Olalla
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marco J Cabrerizo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Villar-Argaiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Agua, Universidad de Granada, C/ Ramón y Cajal, nº4, 18071, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Garbe C, Forsea AM, Amaral T, Arenberger P, Autier P, Berwick M, Boonen B, Bylaite M, Del Marmol V, Dreno B, Fargnoli MC, Geller AC, Green AC, Greinert R, Hauschild A, Harwood CA, Hoorens I, Kandolf L, Kaufmann R, Kelleners-Smeets N, Lallas A, Lebbé C, Leiter U, Lim HW, Longo C, Malvehy J, Moreno D, Pellacani G, Peris K, Robert C, Saiag P, Schadendorf D, Peter Soyer H, Stockfleth E, Stratigos A, Uhara H, Vieira R, Volkmer B, Weinstock MA, Whitaker D, Zalaudek I, Whiteman DC, Brochez L. Skin cancers are the most frequent cancers in fair-skinned populations, but we can prevent them. Eur J Cancer 2024; 204:114074. [PMID: 38691877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancers of the skin are the most commonly occurring cancers in humans. In fair-skinned populations, up to 95% of keratinocyte skin cancers and 70-95% of cutaneous melanomas are caused by ultraviolet radiation and are thus theoretically preventable. Currently, however, there is no comprehensive global advice on practical steps to be taken to reduce the toll of skin cancer. To address this gap, an expert working group comprising clinicians and researchers from Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe, together with learned societies (European Association of Dermato-Oncology, Euromelanoma, Euroskin, European Union of Medical Specialists, and the Melanoma World Society) reviewed the extant evidence and issued the following evidence-based recommendations for photoprotection as a strategy to prevent skin cancer. Fair skinned people, especially children, should minimise their exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and are advised to use protective measures when the UV index is forecast to reach 3 or higher. Protective measures include a combination of seeking shade, physical protection (e.g. clothing, hat, sunglasses), and applying broad-spectrum, SPF 30 + sunscreens to uncovered skin. Intentional exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation for the purpose of sunbathing and tanning is considered an unhealthy behaviour and should be avoided. Similarly, use of solaria and other artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation to encourage tanning should be strongly discouraged, through regulation if necessary. Primary prevention of skin cancer has a positive return on investment. We encourage policymakers to communicate these messages to the general public and promote their wider implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Garbe
- Centre for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ana-Maria Forsea
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Centre for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Petr Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Charles University Third Medical Faculty and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe Autier
- International Prevention Research Institute (i-PRI), Dardilly, France
| | - Marianne Berwick
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Albuquerque, USA
| | | | - Matilda Bylaite
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Dermatovenereology, Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenereology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Veronique Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Dreno
- France Nantes University, Inserm 1302, INCIT, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maria Concetta Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alan C Geller
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Public Health Campus, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adele C Green
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rüdiger Greinert
- Skin Cancer Centre, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Hospital Buxtehude, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Axel Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Department of Dermatology, Barts Health NHS Trust and Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Hoorens
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lidija Kandolf
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole Kelleners-Smeets
- GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Dermatology, Maastricht UMC+ Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Celeste Lebbé
- Université Paris Cite, AP-HP Dermato-oncology and CIC, Cancer institute APHP. Nord Paris Cité, France; INSERM U976, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Centre for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Caterina Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Skin Cancer Centre, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Joseph Malvehy
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (Melanoma Unit), University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Moreno
- Medical-&-Surgical Dermatology Service. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ketty Peris
- Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caroline Robert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy and Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Saiag
- Department of General and Oncologic Dermatology, Ambroise Paré hospital, APHP, & EA 4340 "Biomarkers in cancerology and haematooncology", UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 92104 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology & West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen & German Cancer Consortium, Campus Essen & National Centre for tumour Diseases (NCT)-West, Campus Essen, Germany
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Alex Stratigos
- First Department of Dermatology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beate Volkmer
- Skin Cancer Centre, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, Elbe Hospital Buxtehude, Buxtehude, Germany
| | | | | | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology of the Hospital Clinics Giuliano Isontino (ASUGI), Maggiore Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lieve Brochez
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Kumar A, Kumar M, Bhardwaj VP, Kumar S, Selvarajan S. A novel skin cancer detection model using modified finch deep CNN classifier model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11235. [PMID: 38755202 PMCID: PMC11099129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases caused by the abnormal growth of the skin cells, when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Early detection seems to be more crucial for reducing aberrant cell proliferation because the mortality rate is rapidly rising. Although multiple researches are available based on the skin cancer detection, there still exists challenges in improving the accuracy, reducing the computational time and so on. In this research, a novel skin cancer detection is performed using a modified falcon finch deep Convolutional neural network classifier (Modified Falcon finch deep CNN) that efficiently detects the disease with higher efficiency. The usage of modified falcon finch deep CNN classifier effectively analyzed the information relevant to the skin cancer and the errors are also minimized. The inclusion of the falcon finch optimization in the deep CNN classifier is necessary for efficient parameter tuning. This tuning enhanced the robustness and boosted the convergence of the classifier that detects the skin cancer in less stipulated time. The modified falcon finch deep CNN classifier achieved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of 93.59%, 92.14%, and 95.22% regarding k-fold and 96.52%, 96.69%, and 96.54% regarding training percentage, proving more effective than literary works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Information Technology, School of Engineering, MIT-ADT University, Pune, 412201, India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of CSE, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology, 1, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, 201310, India
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Nayar JC, Abboud M, Dixon KM. Cyclic AMP-regulatory element-binding protein: a novel UV-targeted transcription factor in skin cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024:10.1007/s43630-024-00578-7. [PMID: 38743195 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Common therapeutics in relation to melanoma and non-melanoma cancers include the use of kinase inhibitors. The long-term benefits of kinases, however, are limited by development of drug resistance. An alternative approach for treatment would be to focus on transcription factors. Cyclic AMP-regulatory element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that is commonly overactivated or overexpressed in many different cancers including skin cancer. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), one of the main causes of skin cancer, can activate CREB in both melanocytes and keratinocytes. In addition, CREB has been found to be activated in skin cancers. Considering the prominent role that CREB plays in skin cancers, the studies reviewed herein raise the possibility of CREB as a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker of skin cancer and a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C Nayar
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Myriam Abboud
- Department of Health, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katie M Dixon
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, 2050, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Strücker GK, Jaramillo ML, de Quadros T, Nazari EM. UVB radiation exposure modulates mitophagy in embryonic cells of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium olfersii: Exploring a protective organelle quality control mechanism. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 295:111664. [PMID: 38735623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are subject to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation incidence, and its effects on organisms are dose-dependent. Besides DNA, mitochondria are an important target of this radiation that causes structural damage and impairs its functional dynamics. Here, we hypothesize that mitophagy acts as an organelle quality control mechanism to mitigate UVB impacts in embryonic cells. Then, freshwater prawn Macrobrachium olfersii embryos was used as a model to investigate the effects of UVB on genes (Tomm20, Opa1, Pink, Prkn, Sqstm1, and Map1lc3) and proteins (TOM20, PINK1, p62 and LC3B) involved in mitophagy modulation. The choice of genes and proteins was based on the identification of mitochondrial membrane (Tomm20, Opa1 and TOM20), mediation of mitophagy (Pink1, Prkn and PINK1), and recognition of mitochondria by the autophagosome membrane (Sqstm1, Map1lc3, p62 and LC3B). First, the phylogeny of all genes presented bootstrap values >80 and conserved domains among crustacean species. Gene expression was inherently modulated during development, with transcripts (Tomm20, Opa1, Pink, Prkn, Sqstm1, and Map1lc3) overexpressed in the initial and final stages of development. Moreover, UVB radiation induced upregulation of Tomm20, Opa1, Pink, Prkn, Sqstm1, and Map1lc3 genes at 6 h after exposure. Interestingly, after 12 h, the protein content of PINK1, p62, and LC3B increased, while TOM20 was not responsive. Despite UVB radiation's harmful effects on embryonic cells, the chronology of gene expression and protein content indicates rapid activation of mitophagy, serving as an organelle quality control mechanism, given the analyzed cells' integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliam K Strücker
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michael L Jaramillo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaline de Quadros
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Evelise M Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Londero JEL, Viana AR, Silva LD, Schavinski CR, Schuch AP. Limited contribution of photoenzymatic DNA repair in mitigating carry-over effects from larval UVB exposure: Implications for frog recruitment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171647. [PMID: 38479531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation has increased due to stratospheric ozone depletion, climate and ecosystem changes and is a driver of amphibian population declines. Photoenzymatic repair (PER) is a critical mechanism for limiting UVB lethality in amphibian larvae. However, the link between PER and the UVB-induced effects remains understudied through long-term investigations in vivo. Here, we assessed how larval PER determines the lethal and sublethal effects induced by environmentally relevant acute UVB exposure until the juvenile phase in the Neotropical frog Odontophrynus americanus. We conducted laboratory-based controlled experiments in which tadpoles were or were not exposed to UVB and subsequently were exposed to light (for PER activation) or dark treatments. Results showed that the rates of mortality and apoptosis observed in post-UVB dark treatment are effectively limited in post-UVB light treatment, indicating PER (and not dark repair, i.e. nucleotide excision repair) is critical to limit the immediate genotoxic impact of UVB-induced pyrimidine dimers. Nonetheless, even tadpoles that survived UVB exposure using PER showed sublethal complications that extended to the juvenile phase. Tadpole responses included alterations in morphology, chromosomal instability, increased skin susceptibility to fungal proliferation, as well as increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The short-term effects were carried over to later stages of life because metamorphosis time increased and juveniles were smaller. No body abnormalities were visualized in tadpoles, metamorphs, and juveniles, suggesting that O. americanus is UVB-resistant concerning these responses. This study reveals that even frog species equipped with an effective PER are not immune to carry-over effects from early UVB exposure, which are of great ecological relevance as late metamorphosis and smaller juveniles may impact individual performance and adult recruitment to breeding. Future ecological risk assessments and conservation and management efforts for amphibian species should exercise caution when linking PER effectiveness to UVB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Altevir Rossato Viana
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Duailibe Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Ricardo Schavinski
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Post-Graduation Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Animal Biodiversity, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Ju X, Rokohl AC, Li X, Guo Y, Yao K, Fan W, Heindl LM. A UV-related risk analysis in ophthalmic malignancies: Increased UV exposure may cause ocular malignancies. Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res 2024; 4:98-105. [PMID: 38707995 PMCID: PMC11066588 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the occurrence and development of various ocular malignancies. Methods In this article, we retrieved ocular malignancy data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and performed correlation analysis with the global UV index and sunshine duration. We searched for associated studies using the following databases: Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. We conducted the literature by searching the Mesh terms denoting an exposure of interest ("UV radiation", "ultraviolet rays", and "ocular malignancies", All studies included are published until December 30, 2023 without language restrictions. Results The mechanisms and epidemiological statistics of UVR on the onset and progression of eyelid malignancies are the most studied and clear. The role of UVR in conjunctival melanoma is similar to that in eyelid melanoma. The relationship between uveal melanoma and UVR is controversial, however, it may have at least a certain impact on its prognosis. UVR causes ocular surface squamous neoplasia by further activating HPV infection. Conclusions UVR is a decisive risk factor for ocular malignancies, but the incidence of ultraviolet-induced tumors is also affected by many other factors. A correct and comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of UVR in the pathogenesis of ocular malignant tumors can provide patients with more effective and selective immune regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C. Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongwei Guo
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanlin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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10
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Yang SQ, Ye RQ, Cui YH, Liu ZQ, Sun K, Yu YZ. Transformation of metoprolol in UV/PDS process: Role and mechanisms of degradation and polymerization. J Hazard Mater 2024; 472:134498. [PMID: 38733782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of organic pollutants in wastewater suffer from difficulties in mineralization, potential risks of dissolved residues, and high oxidant consumption. In this study, radical-initiated polymerization is dominated in an UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS) process to eliminate organic pollutant of pharmaceutical metoprolol (MTP). Compared with an ideal degradation-based UV/PDS process, the present process can save four fifths of PDS consumption at the same dissolved organic carbon removal of 47.3%. Simultaneously, organic carbon can be recovered from aqueous solution by separating solid polymers at a ratio of 50% of the initial chemical oxygen demand. The chemical structure of products was analyzed to infer the transformation pathways of MTP. Unlike previous studies on simple organic pollutants that the polymerization can occur independently, the polymerization of MTP is dependent on the partial degradation of MTP, and the main monomer in polymerization is a dominant degradation product (4-(2-methoxyethyl)-phenol, denoted as DP151). The separated solid polymers are formed by repeated oxidation and coupling of DP151 or its derivatives through a series of intermediate oligomers. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the advantage of polymerization-dominated mechanism on dealing with large organic molecules with complex structures, as well as the potential of UV/PDS process for simultaneous organic pollution reduction and organic carbon recovery from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Qin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Rui-Qiu Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yu-Hong Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Qian Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yu-Ze Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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11
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Xie Y, Yang A, Li N, Zheng H, Zhong Y, Jin Y, Li J, Ye R, Du L, Hu F. Lapagyl mitigates UV-induced inflammation and immunosuppression via Foxp3+ Tregs and CCL pathway: A single-cell transcriptomics study. Phytomedicine 2024; 129:155679. [PMID: 38701542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the largest organ of the body, the skin is constantly subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), leading to inflammations and changes that mirror those seen in chronological aging. Although various small molecule drugs have been explored for treating skin photoaging, they typically suffer from low stability and a high incidence of adverse reactions. Consequently, the continued investigation of photoaging treatments, particularly those utilizing herbal products, remains a critical clinical endeavor. One such herbal product, Lapagyl, is derived from the bark of the lapacho tree and possesses antioxidant efficacies that could be beneficial in combating skin photoaging. PURPOSE This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the herbal product Lapagyl in combating UVR-induced skin photoaging. Additionally, it sought to unravel the mechanisms by which Lapagyl promotes the regeneration of the skin extracellular matrix. METHODS To investigate whether Lapagyl can alleviate skin aging and damage, a UVR radiation model was established using SKH-1 hairless mice. The dorsal skins of these mice were evaluated for wrinkle formation, texture, moisture, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and elasticity. Pathological assessments were conducted to determine Lapagyl's efficacy. Additionally, single-cell sequencing and spectrum analysis were employed to elucidate the working mechanisms and primary components of Lapagyl in addressing UVR-induced skin aging and injury. RESULTS Lapagyl markedly reduced UVR-induced wrinkles, moisture loss, and elasticity decrease in SKH-1 mice. Single-cell sequencing demonstrated that Lapagyl corrected the imbalance in cell proportions caused by UVR, decreased UVR-induced ROS expression, and protected basal and spinous cells from skin damage. Additionally, Lapagyl effectively prevented the entry of inflammatory cells into the skin by reducing CCL8 expression and curtailed the UVR-induced formation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the skin. Both pathological assessments and ex vivo skin model results demonstrated that Lapagyl effectively reduced UVR-induced damage to collagen and elastin. Spectrum analysis identified Salidroside as the primary compound remaining in the skin following Lapagyl treatment. Taken together, our study elucidated the skin protection mechanism of the herbal product Lapagyl against UVR damage at the cellular level, revealing its immunomodulatory effects, with salidroside identified as the primary active compound for skin. CONCLUSION Our study provided a thorough evaluation of Lapagyl's protective effects on skin against UVR damage, delving into the mechanisms at the cellular level. We discovered that Lapagyl mitigates skin inflammation and immunosuppression by regulating Foxp3+ Tregs and the CCL pathway. These insights indicate that Lapagyl has potential as a novel therapeutic option for addressing skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Anqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nihong Li
- UNISKIN Research Institute on Skin Aging, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; DermaHealth Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye Zhong
- UNISKIN Research Institute on Skin Aging, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; DermaHealth Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- UNISKIN Research Institute on Skin Aging, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; DermaHealth Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui Ye
- UNISKIN Research Institute on Skin Aging, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; DermaHealth Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Le Du
- UNISKIN Research Institute on Skin Aging, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; DermaHealth Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Hu
- UNISKIN Research Institute on Skin Aging, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; DermaHealth Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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12
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Lerche CM, Frederiksen NJS, Thorsteinsson IS, Køster B, Nybo L, Flouris AD, Heydenreich J, Philipsen PA, Hædersdal M, Wulf HC, Granborg JR. Urinary thymidine dimer excretion reflects personal ultraviolet radiation exposure levels. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024:10.1007/s43630-024-00563-0. [PMID: 38589652 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) leads to skin DNA damage, specifically in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, with thymidine dimers being the most common. Quantifying these dimers can indicate the extent of DNA damage resulting from UVR exposure. Here, a new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was used to quantify thymidine dimers in the urine after a temporary increase in real-life UVR exposure. Healthy Danish volunteers (n = 27) experienced increased UVR exposure during a winter vacation. Individual exposure, assessed via personally worn electronic UVR dosimeters, revealed a mean exposure level of 32.9 standard erythema doses (SEDs) during the last week of vacation. Morning urine thymidine dimer concentrations were markedly elevated both 1 and 2 days post-vacation, and individual thymidine dimer levels correlated with UVR exposure during the last week of the vacation. The strongest correlation with erythema-weighted personal UVR exposure (Power model, r2 = 0.64, p < 0.001) was observed when both morning urine samples were combined to measure 48-h thymidine dimer excretion, whereas 24-h excretion based on a single sample provided a weaker correlation (Power model, r2 = 0.55, p < 0.001). Sex, age, and skin phototype had no significant effect on these correlations. For the first time, urinary thymidine dimer excretion was quantified by LC-MS to evaluate the effect of a temporary increase in personal UVR exposure in a real-life setting. The high sensitivity to elevated UVR exposure and correlation between urinary excretion and measured SED suggest that this approach may be used to quantify DNA damage and repair and to evaluate photoprevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Margrethe Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Brian Køster
- Department of Prevention and Information, Danish Cancer Society, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100, Trikala, Greece
| | - Jakob Heydenreich
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Alshede Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Hædersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonatan Riber Granborg
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Kumar A, Pullman D, Youssef G. Spectroscopic probing of ultraviolet-induced degradation in elastomeric polyurea. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 309:123804. [PMID: 38181620 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic polyurea has garnered assiduous research due to its excellent impact, shock, abrasion, moisture, and chemical resistance properties. Polyurea can be used in protective coating and impact mitigation applications but is inevitably exposed to harsh deployment conditions such as extended ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Terahertz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), and Excitation-Emission Matrix spectroscopy (EEMS) deciphered the effects of UV radiation on radiated polyurea samples under ambient and nitrogen-rich conditions. Samples were radiated continuously for up to 15 weeks in increments of 3 weeks. Comprehensive FTIR analyses revealed a monotonic increase in disordered hydrogen bonding as a function of exposure duration in an ambient environment. Otherwise, marginal changes were observed in UV-radiated samples under nitrogen. The hydrogen bond length exhibited significant variations in the former compared to their nitrogen atmosphere counterparts. The results infer the nitrogen shielding effect, protecting polyurea from the photodegradation and photo-oxidation observed in samples radiated under the ambient atmosphere. THz-TDS spectra affirmed the FTIR results by probing changes in the complex refractive index. Terahertz spectral peaks associated with torsional vibrations of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in polyurea were notably correlated with increased exposure duration in the ambient atmosphere. Changes in the complex index as a function of exposure duration under nitrogen are minimal. The excitation-emission spectra of polyurea samples reveal a strong fluorescent behavior in 9-week and 12-week ambient-exposed polyurea due to cluster-triggered emission mechanisms. The results synthesized based on three different spectroscopy techniques paint a holistic portrait of the adverse effects of extended ultraviolet radiation of macromolecules deployed in harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritesh Kumar
- Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - David Pullman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - George Youssef
- Experimental Mechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
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14
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Pihl C, Bjerring P, Andersen F, Haedersdal M, Lerche CM. Oral intake of bucillamine, carvedilol, metformin, or phenformin does not protect against UVR-induced squamous cell carcinomas in hairless mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:517-526. [PMID: 38337129 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma represents the second most common type of keratinocyte carcinoma with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) making up the primary risk factor. Oral photoprotection aims to reduce incidence rates through oral intake of photoprotective compounds. Recently, drug repurposing has gained traction as an interesting source of chemoprevention. Because of their reported photoprotective properties, we investigated the potential of bucillamine, carvedilol, metformin, and phenformin as photoprotective compounds following oral intake in UVR-exposed hairless mice. Tumour development was observed in all groups in response to UVR, with only the positive control (Nicotinamide) demonstrating a reduction in tumour incidence (23.8%). No change in tumour development was observed in the four repurposed drug groups compared to the UV control group, whereas nicotinamide significantly reduced carcinogenesis (P = 0.00012). Metformin treatment significantly reduced UVR-induced erythema (P = 0.012), bucillamine and phenformin increased dorsal pigmentation (P = 0.0013, and P = 0.0005), but no other photoprotective effect was observed across the repurposed groups. This study demonstrates that oral supplementation with bucillamine, carvedilol, metformin, or phenformin does not affect UVR-induced carcinogenesis in hairless mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Pihl
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology, Private Hospital Molholm, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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García-Valladares O, Domínguez-Niño A, Lucho-Gómez AM, Jiménez-Montiel AG, Rodríguez-Mendoza AS, Castillo-Téllez B, Luna-Flores M, Castillo-Téllez M. Mixed-Mode Solar Drying and its Effect on Physicochemical and Colorimetric Properties of Zompantle (Erythrina Americana). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024; 79:194-201. [PMID: 38329613 PMCID: PMC10891242 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A mixed-mode solar drying was developed to evaluate the physicochemical and colorimetric properties of Zompantle (Erythrina americana). A 22-factorial design was used; the operation mode (mesh shade and direct) and airflow (natural convection and forced convection) were established as factors in this design. The initial moisture content in the Zompantle flower was reduced from 89.03% (w.b) to values that ranged from 3.84% to 5.84%; depending on the operation mode of the dryer, the final water activity ranged from 0.25 to 0.33. The Zompantle's components as proteins (4.28%), antioxidant activity (18.8%), carbohydrates (4.83%), fat (0.92%), fiber (3.71%), ash (0.94%), and total soluble solids (3°Brix) increased as the water was evaporated during the drying. The increment in the Zompantle's components depends on the operation mode; in direct mode and natural convection, the proteins, antioxidant activity, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, ash, and total soluble solids were 6.99%, 61.69%, 79.05%, 1.20%, 3.84%, 8.70%, and 45 °Brix, respectively. The total drying efficiency was 14.84% with the direct mode and natural convection (DM-NC) and 17.10% with the mesh shade and natural convection (MS-NC). The Hue angle measures the property of the color; the indirect mode and natural convection keep the hue angle close to the initial value (29.2 °). The initial chroma value of the Zompantle flower was 55.07; the indirect mode and natural convection kept high saturation (37.58); these dry conditions ensured a red color in the dehydrated Zompantle. Dehydrated Zompantle's flowers could have several practical applications, such as an additive in traditional Mexican cuisine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García-Valladares
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-Niño
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología-Cátedra CONAHCYT, Dirección Adjunta de Desarrollo Científico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ana María Lucho-Gómez
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Beatriz Castillo-Téllez
- Departamento de Agua y Energía, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Luna-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Procesos Bioalimentarios, Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz, Cuitláhuac, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Margarita Castillo-Téllez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, San Francisco de Campeche, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
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Niu Z, Curto M, Le Gall M, Demeyer E, Asselman J, Janssen CR, Dhakal HN, Davies P, Catarino AI, Everaert G. Accelerated fragmentation of two thermoplastics (polylactic acid and polypropylene) into microplastics after UV radiation and seawater immersion. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 271:115981. [PMID: 38242046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
To better understand the fate and assess the ingestible fraction of microplastics (by aquatic organisms), it is essential to quantify and characterize of their released from larger items under environmental realistic conditions. However, the current information on the fragmentation and size-based characteristics of released microplastics, for example from bio-based thermoplastics, is largely unknown. The goal of our work was to assess the fragmentation and release of microplastics, under ultraviolet (UV) radiation and in seawater, from polylactic acid (PLA) items, a bio-based polymer, and from polypropylene (PP) items, a petroleum-based polymer. To do so, we exposed pristine items of PLA and PP, immersed in filtered natural seawater, to accelerated UV radiation for 57 and 76 days, simulating 18 and 24 months of mean natural solar irradiance in Europe. Our results indicated that 76-day UV radiation induced the fragmentation of parent plastic items and the microplastics (50 - 5000 µm) formation from both PP and PLA items. The PP samples (48 ± 26 microplastics / cm2) released up to nine times more microplastics than PLA samples (5 ± 2 microplastics / cm2) after a 76-day UV exposure, implying that the PLA tested items had a lower fragmentation rate than PP. The particles' length of released microplastics was parameterized using a power law exponent (α), to assess their size distribution. The obtained α values were 3.04 ± 0.11 and 2.54 ± 0.06 (-) for 76-day UV weathered PP and PLA, respectively, meaning that PLA microplastics had a larger sized microplastics fraction than PP particles. With respect to their two-dimensional shape, PLA microplastics also had lower width-to-length ratio (0.51 ± 0.17) and greater fiber-shaped fractions (16%) than PP microplastics (0.57 ± 0.17% and 11%, respectively). Overall, the bio-based PLA items under study were more resistant to fragmentation and release of microplastics than the petroleum-based PP tested items, and the parameterized characteristics of released microplastics were polymer-dependent. Our work indicates that even though bio-based plastics may have a slower release of fragmented particles under UV radiation compared to conventional polymer types, they still have the potential to act as a source of microplastics in the marine environment, with particles being available to biota within ingestible size fractions, if not removed before major fragmentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Niu
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Marco Curto
- Advanced Polymers and Composites (APC) Research Group, School of mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Maelenn Le Gall
- Marine Structures Laboratory, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, 29280, France
| | - Elke Demeyer
- Functional Thermoplastic Textiles, Centexbel, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 70, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Hom Nath Dhakal
- Advanced Polymers and Composites (APC) Research Group, School of mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Peter Davies
- Marine Structures Laboratory, IFREMER, Centre de Bretagne, 29280, France
| | - Ana Isabel Catarino
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Gert Everaert
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
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17
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Ridella F, Marcet I, Gutiérrez G, Rendueles M, Díaz M. Characterization of Pickering emulsions stabilized by delipidated egg yolk granular protein nanoparticles crosslinked with ultraviolet radiation. Food Chem 2024; 433:137330. [PMID: 37660604 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, delipidated egg yolk proteins were used for the first time to prepare nanoparticles by the self-assembling method at pH 8.0, then treated with UV-C as a crosslinking agent, and their stability tested at pH 7.0, which is a more convenient pH for food applications. According to the results obtained, non-irradiated nanoparticles had a size of 431.8 ± 75.7 nm at pH 7.0, but the 10 min UV-C irradiated nanoparticles had an average size of 139.7 ± 5.9 nm. These nanoparticles also showed a high resistance to destabilization by SDS, urea or DTT and noticeable antioxidant and ferrous chelating activities. Pickering emulsions prepared at the nanoparticle concentration of 1 % (w/w) showed the smallest average droplet size and the lowest Turbiscan stability index value after 80 days of storage. All in all, these results have important implications for the utilisation of these proteins as a conventional Pickering emulsifying agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Ridella
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ismael Marcet
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Pietkiewicz P, Navarrete-Dechent C, Togawa Y, Szlązak P, Salwowska N, Marghoob AA, Leszczyńska-Pietkiewicz A, Errichetti E. Applications of Ultraviolet and Sub-ultraviolet Dermatoscopy in Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Dermatoses: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2024; 14:361-390. [PMID: 38358617 PMCID: PMC10890990 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-024-01104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive and cost-efficient imaging technique augmenting clinical examination in neoplastic and non-neoplastic dermatoses. Recently, novel dermatoscopic techniques based on principles of reflectance/absorption and excited fluorescence have been developed. However, comprehensive data on their applications are sparse, and terminology is inconsistent. In this systematic review, we addressed the principles of ultraviolet (UV) imaging and proposed categorization based on spectral characteristics and signal acquisition, as well as discussed documented and potential clinical applications, safety measures during examination, and limitations associated with reflectance and fluorescence dermatoscopy. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed medical database until 2 December 2023 according to PRISMA guidelines, and 28 papers fit the scope of this review, whereas additional relevant articles were included to provide broader context regarding the chosen terminology, chromophores described, safety of sub-UV/UV, and regulations for light-emitting devices. UV and sub-UV dermatoscopy, categorized into different methods on the basis of the emitted wavelength and signal acquisition process (reflectance versus fluorescence), augment conventional dermatoscopy by optimizing safety margins in melanoma, facilitating early detection of tumor recurrence, and enhancing visualization in non-neoplastic conditions, including pigmentation disorders, intertrigo, papulo-desquamative dermatoses, and beyond. The review highlights the limitations of these techniques, including difficulty in differentiating melanin from hemoglobin, challenges in evaluating uneven surfaces, and artifacts. Although UV dermatoscopy complements conventional dermatoscopy, clinicians should be aware of their peculiarities, artifacts, limitations, and safety concerns to optimize their diagnostic accuracy and ensure patient's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Pietkiewicz
- Zwierzyniecka Medical Center, Zwierzyniecka 30/28, 60-814, Poznań, Poland.
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yaei Togawa
- Department of Dermatology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Piotr Szlązak
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland
- Dermedica, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Salwowska
- Polish Dermatoscopy Group, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Enzo Errichetti
- Institute of Dermatology, "Santa Maria Della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy
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19
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Amin N, Sinha RP, Kannaujiya VK. Effects of ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation on morphogenesis, antioxidants and photoprotective defense mechanism in a hot-spring cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain VKB02. Res Microbiol 2024:104180. [PMID: 38199600 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2024.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The continuous increase in global temperature and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) causes profound impacts on the growth and physiology of photosynthetic microorganisms. The hot-spring cyanobacteria have a wide range of mitigation mechanisms to cope up against current unsustainable environmental conditions. In the present investigation, we have explored the indispensable mitigation strategies of an isolated hot-spring cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain VKB02 under simulated ultraviolet (UV-A, UV-B) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The adaptive morphological changes were more significantly observed under PAB (PAR, UV-A, and UV-B) exposure as compared to P and PA (PAR and UV-A) irradiations. PAB exposure also exhibited a marked decline in pigment composition and photosynthetic efficiency by multi-fold increment of free radicals. To counteract the oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants defense were significantly enhanced many folds under PAB exposure as compared to the control. In addition, the cyanobacterium has also produced shinorine as a strong free radicals scavenger and excellent UV absorber for effective photoprotection against UV radiation. Therefore, the hot-spring cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain VKB02 has unique defense strategies for survival under prolonged lethal UVR conditions. This study will help in the understanding of environment-induced defense strategies and production of highly value-added green photo-protectants for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Amin
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rajeshwar P Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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20
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Speer RM, Yu H, Zhou X, Nandi S, Alexandrov L, Guo Y, Hudson LG, Liu KJ. Arsenic and UVR co-exposure results in unique gene expression profile identifying key co-carcinogenic mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116773. [PMID: 38036231 PMCID: PMC10883297 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression underlie many pathogenic endpoints including carcinogenesis. Metals, like arsenic, alter gene expression; however, the consequences of co-exposures of metals with other stressors are less understood. Although arsenic acts as a co-carcinogen by enhancing the development of UVR skin cancers, changes in gene expression in arsenic UVR co-carcinogenesis have not been investigated. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis to profile changes in gene expression distinct from arsenic or UVR exposures alone. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after arsenic exposure alone, while after UVR exposure alone fewer genes were changed. A distinct increase in the number of DEGs was identified after exposure to combined arsenic and UVR exposure that was synergistic rather than additive. In addition, a majority of these DEGs were unique from arsenic or UVR alone suggesting a distinct response to combined arsenic-UVR exposure. Globally, arsenic alone and arsenic plus UVR exposure caused a global downregulation of genes while fewer genes were upregulated. Gene Ontology analysis using the DEGs revealed cellular processes related to chromosome instability, cell cycle, cellular transformation, and signaling were targeted by combined arsenic and UVR exposure, distinct from UVR alone and arsenic alone, while others were related to epigenetic mechanisms such as the modification of histones. This result suggests the cellular functions we identified in this study may be key in understanding how arsenic enhances UVR carcinogenesis and that arsenic-enhanced gene expression changes may drive co-carcinogenesis of UVR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Shuvro Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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21
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Pappoe JA, Opoku-Ansah J, Amuah CLY, Osei-Wusu Adueming P, Sackey SS, Boateng R, Addo JK, Eghan MJ, Mensah-Amoah P, Anderson B. Automatic Classification of Antimalarial Herbal Drugs Exposed to Ultraviolet Radiation from Unexposed Ones Using Laser-Induced Autofluorescence with Chemometric Techniques. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:367-380. [PMID: 37266836 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of antimalarial herbal drugs (AMHDs) to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) affects the potency and integrity of the AMHDs. Instant classification of the AMHDs exposed to UVR (UVR-AMHDs) from unexposed ones (Non-UVR-AMHDs) would be beneficial for public health safety, especially in warm regions. For the first time, this work combined laser-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) with chemometric techniques to classify UVR-AMHDs from Non-UVR-AMHDs. LIAF spectra data were recorded from 200 ml of each of the UVR-AMHDs and Non-UVR-AMHDs. To extract useful data from the spectra fingerprint, principal components (PCs) analysis was used. The performance of five chemometric algorithms: random forest (RF), neural network (NN), support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and k-nearest neighbour (KNN), were compared after optimization by validation. The chemometric algorithms showed that KNN, SVM, NN, and RF were superior with a classification accuracy of 100% for UVR-AMHDs while LDA had a classification accuracy of 98.8% after standardization of the spectra data and was used as an input variable for the model. Meanwhile, a classification accuracy of 100% was obtained for KNN, LDA, SVM, and NN when the raw spectra data was used as input except for RF for which a classification accuracy of 99.9% was obtained. Classification accuracy above 99.74 ± 0.26% at 3 PCs in both the training and testing sets were obtained from the chemometric models. The results showed that the LIAF, combined with the chemometric techniques, can be used to classify UVR-AMHDs from Non-UVR-AMHDs for consumer confidence in malaria-prone regions. The technique offers a non-destructive, rapid, and viable tool for identifying UVR-AMHDs in resource-poor countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justice Allotey Pappoe
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Space Environment, Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jerry Opoku-Ansah
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Charles Lloyd Yeboah Amuah
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Peter Osei-Wusu Adueming
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Sonko Sackey
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Rabbi Boateng
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Justice Kwaku Addo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Moses Jojo Eghan
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Patrick Mensah-Amoah
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Anderson
- Laser and Fibre Optics Centre, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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22
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Sathe A, Prajapati BG, Bhattacharya S. Understanding the charismatic potential of nanotechnology to treat skin carcinoma. Med Oncol 2023; 41:22. [PMID: 38112978 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma is a condition that continues to pose a significant challenge, despite current medical advances. Skin carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer, and it has seen a massive increase all over the world. The challenges with current treatment are due to toxicity that leads to many more skin complications. Due to this to avoid such complications by designing diverse nanoparticles as delivery carriers, nanomedicine is employed as a hub for diagnostics and therapy. Liposomes, gold nanoparticles, transferases, nanofibers, etc., can all be used as delivery nanocarriers. These nanoparticles' structures and characteristics protect the medicine from degradation and improve its stability. Surface modifying agents and procedures are employed to functionalize nanoparticles, resulting in smart delivery systems. The application of nanotechnology-based approaches systematically increases drug delivery to target cells. Skin cancer has several challenges, including a long time to diagnose early types of cancer and a slower growth rate. This review focuses on innovative skin cancer therapy techniques, focusing on nanotechnology and the challenges associated with current treatment of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamravi Sathe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Shree S K Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Mahesana, Gujarat, 384012, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India.
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23
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Jaiswal J, Kumari N, Gupta A, Singh AP, Sinha RP. Impacts of ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiations on photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant systems of the cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa HKAR-19. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023:10.1007/s12223-023-01110-7. [PMID: 38041744 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
This study summarizes the response of cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa HKAR-19 under simulated light conditions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), PAR+UV-A (PA), and PAR+UV-A+UV-B (PAB). Exposure to UV radiation caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, and total protein. In contrast, total carotene content increased significantly (P < 0.05) under PA and PAB with increasing irradiation time. The photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II also decreased significantly in PA and PAB radiation. We have also recorded a decrease in the fluorescence emission intensity of phycocyanin under PA and PAB exposure. The phycocyanin fluorescence shifted towards shorter wavelengths (blue-shift) after 72 h of PA and PAB exposure. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased significantly in PA and PAB. Fluorescence microscopic images showed an increase in green fluorescence, indicating ROS generation in UV radiation. We have also quantified ROS generation using green and red fluorescence ratio represented as G/R ratio. A 2-6-fold increase in antioxidative enzymes activity was observed to overcome the damaging effects caused by UV stress as compared to untreated control cultures. The lipid peroxidation was assessed in terms of malondialdehyde content which increases significantly (P < 0.05) as the duration of exposure increases. These results suggest that a combined effect of PAR, UV-A, and UV-B was more deleterious than an individual one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neha Kumari
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish P Singh
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajeshwar P Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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24
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Yang YL, Zhou C, Chen Q, Shen SZ, Li JD, Wang XL, Wang PR. YAP1/Piezo1 involve in the dynamic changes of lymphatic vessels in UVR-induced photoaging progress to squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:820. [PMID: 37974224 PMCID: PMC10655279 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UV-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. The constant alterations of the lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment are essential in transforming from photoaging to cSCC. Studying the mechanism will be beneficial for new targets exploration to the early prediction of cSCC. AIMS To investigate the dynamic changes and mechanism of the lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment in transforming from photoaging to cSCC induced by ultraviolet irradiation (UVR). METHODS TIMER2.0 was used to analyze whether YAP1/VEGFC signaling pathway is involved in lymphangiogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Meanwhile, lymphatic-centered immune microenvironments alterations and the related cumulative survival time were also analyzed. With the accumulated UVR, skin photoaging developed and gradually progressed into actinic keratosis and cSCC on SKH-1 hairless mice. The skin lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment was evaluated at the 0th, 8th, 12th, 16-18th, and 20-24th week of UVR. Skin phenotype was assessed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and skin image. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining evaluated epidermis and dermis. The structure of lymphatic vessels (LVs), blood vessels, and different types of T cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of Piezo1 whose deletion in adult lymphatics led to substantial valve degeneration, VE-cadherin that maintained the permeability of LVs, and YAP1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining as well. Besides, the drainage function of LVs was assessed by Evans Blue assay in vivo. RESULTS The lymphatic function and immune cell infiltration underwent adaptive changes under continuous UVR. TIMER2.0 analysis indicated that VEGFC genes high expressed in HNSCC. YAP1 gene expression was positive correlated with VEGFC in HNSCC. LV density increased in human cSCC. More LVs in HNSCC were beneficial to prolong the survival time. VEGFC gene overexpression was positive correlated to CD8+T cell infiltration. More CD8A+T cells and CD8B+T cell infiltration in HNSCC extended survival time. When YAP1 gene overexpression and high infiltration of endothelial cells took place simultaneously might prolong the survival time of HNSCC patients. And high infiltration of CD8+T cells prolonged the survival time as well. In animal studies, UVR-induced eight weeks (photoaging) and 16-18 weeks (precancerous) were two turning points. The density of LVs in UV-8w was the least. When photoaged skin developed into AK lesions (UV-16-18w), LV slightly exceeded healthy skin and proliferated sharply in cSCC (UV-20-24w). YAP1 expression was almost consistent with LV but rose after the photoaging stage. The drainage of cSCC mice induced by UVR was better than that of photoaged skin and worse than that of health skin. The dynamic alterations of LVs number, Piezo1 expression, and collagen might be reasons for it. The expression of Piezo1 was in the highest point after 8 weeks of UVR, then gradually descended to the platform. The total T cells increased slowly, but the infiltration of CD4+T cells increased, and CD8+T cells decreased after eight weeks of UVR. The CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells increased sharply in UV-16-18w and UV-20-24w groups. CONCLUSION The lymphatic-centered immune microenvironment underwent adaptive changes under continuous UVR via regulating YAP1/VEGFC and Piezo1. During the formation of cSCC, there are two turning points, eight weeks (photoaging) and 16-18 weeks (precancerous). YAP1, Piezo1, LVs, and immune cells constantly changed with the skin state induced by UVR. According to these changes the process of cSCC can be identified in advance and intervene timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling L Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhan Z Shen
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandan D Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli L Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peiru R Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Ribeiro RS, Mencalha AL, de Souza da Fonseca A. Could violet-blue lights increase the bacteria resistance against ultraviolet radiation mediated by photolyases? Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:253. [PMID: 37930459 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated bacterial inactivation by radiations at wavelengths between 400 and 500 nm emitted by low-power light sources. The phototoxic activity of these radiations could occur by oxidative damage in DNA and membrane proteins/lipids. However, some cellular mechanisms can reverse these damages in DNA, allowing the maintenance of genetic stability. Photoreactivation is among such mechanisms able to repair DNA damages induced by ultraviolet radiation, ranging from ultraviolet A to blue radiations. In this review, studies on the effects of violet and blue lights emitted by low-power LEDs on bacteria were accessed by PubMed, and discussed the repair of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage by photoreactivation mechanisms. Data from such studies suggested bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet (405 nm) and blue (425-460 nm) radiations emitted from LEDs. However, other studies showed bacterial photoreactivation induced by radiations at 348-440 nm. This process occurs by photolyase enzymes, which absorb photons at wavelengths and repair DNA damage. Although authors have reported bacterial inactivation after exposure to violet and blue radiations emitted from LEDs, pre-exposure to such radiations at low fluences could activate the photolyases, increasing resistance to DNA damage induced by ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickson Souza Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, Fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551030, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro, 20211040, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Avenida Alberto Torres, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, 11125964004, Brazil.
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26
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Shetty N, Schalka S, Lim HW, Mohammad TF. The effects of UV filters on health and the environment. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2463-2471. [PMID: 37344707 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Sunscreens are an important means of protection against sunburns, dyspigmentation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Sunscreens come in a variety of formulations that can protect against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, both UVB and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation (broad-spectrum sunscreens), and UVB, UVA, and visible light (tinted broad-spectrum sunscreens). In the USA, there is currently a paucity of FDA-approved broad-spectrum filters on the market. Studies have identified the presence of multiple UV filters in water sources globally. Many laboratory studies have implicated the potential impact of UV filters on coral reef bleaching, the food chain, and human health. However, many of these studies are performed at concentrations that are much higher than those present in the natural environment. With increasing discussion surrounding the role of organic and inorganic UV filters as potential environmental pollutants over the past decade, approval of additional broad-spectrum filters would be an important means of alleviating the use of more controversial filters. The aim of this article is to review the effects of UV filters on health and the environment and explore potential adjunctive agents for photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayha Shetty
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Sérgio Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center and Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tasneem F Mohammad
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Kumar G, Ojha VP, Pasi S, Dhiman RC. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on immature stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. J Vector Borne Dis 2023; 60:382-385. [PMID: 38174515 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.374043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Understanding the influence of ultraviolet light on organisms is important for examining the hazards of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. However, little is known about the biological toxicity of ultraviolet light against mosquitoes, which are regularly exposed to UV light. This study was planned to determine the impact of UV radiation on different aquatic stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefaciatus mosquitoes. Methods We exposed I/II instar larvae, III/IV instar larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes to UV radiation of 253 nm wavelength in a closed chamber of 30×30 cm. The exposure was done for different time intervals viz. 1, 2, 3, 4 minutes and so on. Development of larvae/pupae to adult stage was monitored daily and mortality, if any, was recorded. Results Development of I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus to pupal stage was unsuccessful at an exposure time of one minute while only 1.7% pupation occurred in I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti upon similar exposure. When III/IV stage larvae were exposed to UV light, pupal development occurred only at 30seconds and one-minute exposure in An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus but in Ae. aegypti, no pupation occurred with one-minute exposure. With four-minute UV exposure of pupae, no adult emerged in Ae. aegypti; 33.3% adult emerged in An. stephensi and 66.7% adult emerged in Cx. quinquefaciatus. Interpretation & conclusion Our results show that UV radiation results in developmental arrest of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - V P Ojha
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Pasi
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh C Dhiman
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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O'Sullivan DE, Hillier TWR, Brenner DR, Peters CE, King WD. Time spent in the sun and the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a Canadian cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:791-799. [PMID: 37264255 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01719-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to explore the relationship of sun behavior patterns with the risk of developing non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS Sun behavior information from Alberta's Tomorrow Project, CARTaGENE, and Ontario Health Study were utilized. The relationship between time in the sun during summer months and risk of NHL was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models with age as the time scale and adjustment for confounders. Cohorts were analyzed separately and hazard ratios (HR) pooled with random effects meta-analysis. Joint effects of time in the sun and use of sun protection were examined. Patterns of exposure were explored via combinations of weekday and weekend time in the sun. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 7.6 years, 205 NHL cases occurred among study participants (n = 79,803). Compared to < 30 min daily in the sun, we observed HRs of 0.84 (95% CI 0.55-1.28) for 30-59 min, 0.63 (95% CI 0.40-0.98) for 1-2 h, and 0.91 (95% CI 0.61-1.36) for > 2 h. There was suggestive evidence that > 2 h was protective against NHL with use of sun protection, but not without it. Compared to < 30 min daily, moderate exposure (30 min to 2 h on weekdays or weekend) was associated with a lower risk of NHL (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.92), while intermittent (< 30 min on weekdays and > 2 h on weekends) and chronic (> 2 h daily) were not. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of a protective effect of moderate time spent in the sun on NHL risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E O'Sullivan
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Holy Cross Centre, Box ACB, 2210 2nd St SW, Calgary, AB, T2S 3C3, Canada.
| | | | - Darren R Brenner
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cheryl E Peters
- BC Centre for Disease Control & BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Will D King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Campana R, Moroni S, Paolucci D, Federici M, Casettari L, Frangipani E. Efficacy of UV and UV-LEDs Irradiation Models for Microbial Inactivation Applicable to Automated Sterile Drug Compounding. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2389-2392. [PMID: 37453527 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
LEDs development has attracted attention over conventional mercury lamps for the tiny size, high efficiency, long lifetime, low operating temperature. The antimicrobial effectiveness of traditional UV-lamps radiation (wavelength of 254 nm) compared to UV-C LEDs (LED1 wavelength range 275-286 nm and LED2 range 260-270 nm) was carried out, for possible applications to automated sterile drug compounding. The UV lamp and the tested UV-LED devices remarkably reduced microbial load, following a time-dose response, but the best performance was evidenced by LED1, which guaranteed the complete inactivation of high concentrations of bacteria, yeasts, and spores at doses between 200 and 2000 J/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Campana
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy.
| | - Sofia Moroni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frangipani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino PU, Italy
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Potapovich AI, Kostyuk TV, Ishutina OV, Shutava TG, Kostyuk VA. Effects of native and particulate polyphenols on DNA damage and cell viability after UV-C exposure. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:1923-1930. [PMID: 36864349 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have poor water solubility, resulting in low bioavailability. In order to overcome this limitation, the drug molecules can be coated with multiple layers of polymeric materials. Microcrystals of quercetin and resveratrol coated with a (PAH/PSS)4 or (CH/DexS)4 shell were prepared using the layer-by-layer assembly method; cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with UV-C, and after that, cells were incubated with native and particulate polyphenols. DNA damage, cell viability, and integrity were evaluated by comet assay, using PrestoBlueTM reagent and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage test. The data obtained indicate that both native and particulate polyphenols added immediately after UV-C exposure increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner; however, the efficiency of particulate quercetin was more pronounced than that of the native compound; also quercetin coated with a (CH/DexS)4 shell more effectively than the native compound reduced the number of DNA lesions in the nuclei of keratinocytes exposed to UV-C radiation; native and particulate resveratrol were ineffective against DNA damage. Quercetin reduces cell death caused by UV-C radiation and increases DNA repair capacity. Coating quercetin with (CH/DexS)4 shell markedly enhanced its impact on DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla I Potapovich
- Belarusian State University, Niezaližnasci Avenue, 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatyana V Kostyuk
- Belarusian State University, Niezaližnasci Avenue, 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olga V Ishutina
- Belarusian State University, Niezaližnasci Avenue, 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Tatsiana G Shutava
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 36 F. Skaryny Street, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Kostyuk
- Belarusian State University, Niezaližnasci Avenue, 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
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Pihl C, Bendtsen KMS, Jensen HE, Andersen F, Bjerring P, Haedersdal M, Lerche CM. Oral phytochemicals as photoprotectants in UVR exposed hairless mice: A study of hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, and syringic acid. J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 246:112760. [PMID: 37535996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is the primary risk factor for keratinocyte carcinoma. Because of increasing incidence rates, new methods of photoprotection must be explored. Oral supplementation with photoprotective compounds presents a promising alternative. Phytochemical compounds like hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, and syringic acid are particularly of interest because of their antioxidant properties. Our primary outcome was to evaluate the effects of oral phytochemicals on photocarcinogenesis with time until tumour onset as the primary endpoint. A total of 125 hairless C3.Cg-Hrhr/TifBom Tac mice were randomised to receive tap water supplemented with either 100 mg/kg hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, or syringic acid, 600 mg/kg nicotinamide as a positive control, or no supplementation. The mice were irradiated with 3.5 standard erythema doses thrice weekly to induce photocarcinogenesis. Supplementation with the phytochemicals phloroglucinol and syringic acid and nicotinamide delayed tumour onset from a median of 140 days to 151 (p = 0.036), 157 days (p = 0.02), and 178 (p = 2.7·10-5), respectively. Phloroglucinol and nicotinamide supplementation reduced tumour number. Nicotinamide increased UV-induced pigmentation and reduced oedema formation, while phloroglucinol supplementation reduced epidermal thickness. These results indicate that oral supplementation with phloroglucinol and syringic acid protects against photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice, but not to the same extent as nicotinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Pihl
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katja M S Bendtsen
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Dept of Dermatology, Private Hospital Molholm, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; Dept of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Dept of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Miller IJ, Stapelberg M, Rosic N, Hudson J, Coxon P, Furness J, Walsh J, Climstein M. Implementation of artificial intelligence for the detection of cutaneous melanoma within a primary care setting: prevalence and types of skin cancer in outdoor enthusiasts. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15737. [PMID: 37576493 PMCID: PMC10416769 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is enthusiasm for implementing artificial intelligence (AI) to assist clinicians detect skin cancer. Performance metrics of AI from dermoscopic images have been promising, with studies documenting sensitivity and specificity values equal to or superior to specialists for the detection of malignant melanomas (MM). Early detection rates would particularly benefit Australia, which has the worlds highest incidence of MM per capita. The detection of skin cancer may be delayed due to late screening or the inherent difficulty in diagnosing early skin cancers which often have a paucity of clinical features and may blend into sun damaged skin. Individuals who participate in outdoor sports and recreation experience high levels of intermittent ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is associated with the development of skin cancer, including MM. This research aimed to assess the prevalence of skin cancer in individuals who regularly participate in activities outdoors and to report the performance parameters of a commercially available AI-powered software to assess the predictive risk of MM development. Methods Cross-sectional study design incorporating a survey, total body skin cancer screening and AI-embedded software capable of predictive scoring of queried MM. Results A total of 423 participants consisting of surfers (n = 108), swimmers (n = 60) and walkers/runners (n = 255) participated. Point prevalence for MM was highest for surfers (6.48%), followed by walkers/runners (4.3%) and swimmers (3.33%) respectively. When compared to the general Australian population, surfers had the highest odds ratio (OR) for MM (OR 119.8), followed by walkers/runners (OR 79.74), and swimmers (OR 61.61) rounded out the populations. Surfers and swimmers reported comparatively lower lifetime hours of sun exposure (5,594 and 5,686, respectively) but more significant amounts of activity within peak ultraviolet index compared with walkers/runners (9,554 h). A total of 48 suspicious pigmented lesions made up of histopathology-confirmed MM (n = 15) and benign lesions (n = 33) were identified. The performance of the AI from this clinical population was found to have a sensitivity of 53.33%, specificity of 54.44% and accuracy of 54.17%. Conclusions Rates of both keratinocyte carcinomas and MM were notably higher in aquatic and land-based enthusiasts compared to the general Australian population. These findings further highlight the clinical importance of sun-safe protection measures and regular skin screening in individuals who spend significant time outdoors. The use of AI in the early identification of MM is promising. However, the lower-than-expected performance metrics of the AI software used in this study indicated reservations should be held before recommending this particular version of this AI software as a reliable adjunct for clinicians in skin imaging diagnostics in patients with potentially sun damaged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Miller
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Stapelberg
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Specialist Suite, John Flynn Hospital, Tugun, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nedeljka Rosic
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeremy Hudson
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Coxon
- North Queensland Skin Centre, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Furness
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joe Walsh
- Sport Science Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- AI Consulting Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Aquatic Based Research, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Bilinga, Queensland, Australia
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Qu L, Wang F, Chen Y. Protective effect and mechanism research of Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit extract on UV-induced photodamage in keratinocytes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1945-1959. [PMID: 37076760 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes acute and chronic cutaneous effects that may result in photodamage and photoaging. Epidermis keratinocytes, as the closest surface of skin, are susceptible to damage from UV rays. Phyllanthus emblica Linn. fruit (PE) extract, as a medicine and food dual-use plant, contains high levels of polyphenols and possesses multiple pharmacological properties. The present study investigated common and different molecular mechanisms and signaling pathway activations of UVA and UVB stimulated cell damage and photoprotective effect of PE extract against UVA and UVB by Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) method, Elisa assay, flow cytometry, differentially expressed genes analysis and western blot analysis. The results showed that UVA exposure (10 J/cm2) reduced HaCaT cell viability significantly, increased the apoptosis rate, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species level and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities. And UVA irradiation could inhibit the ERK/TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway to downregulate collagen I, collagen III and elastin expressions, resulting in the photoaging of skin cells. We also found UVB exposure (30 mJ/cm2) caused HaCaT cell damage, promoted apoptosis, increased ROS production and induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6 and PGE2). Further, in HaCaT cells, UVB ray was able to induce the activation of apoptosis markers (cleaved PARP1 and cleaved caspase3) through the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway using western blot analysis. Pre-treatment of PE extract prevented the UVA and UVB induced photoaging and injury in HaCaT cells through activation of ERK/TGF-β/Smad pathway and inhibition of MAPK/AP-1 pathway, respectively. Therefore, PE extract has the potential to be used as an oral and topical preparation against skin aging and injury induced by UVA and UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qu
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201702, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201702, China
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Yueyue Chen
- Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201702, China.
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Essa SA, Elokda A, Mosaad D, Shendy W, Abdel-Nasser M, Ebraheim AM, Mohammad H, Elmazny A, Magdy E. Efficacy of ultraviolet B radiation versus vitamin D 3 on postural control and cognitive functions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 35:49-56. [PMID: 37330802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common type of MS with prevalence rate 20-60 patients/100.000 individuals in Egypt. Poor postural control and cognitive dysfunctions are well-established complications of RRMS without potent remedy yet. The latest evidence highlighted the potential and independent immune-modulating effects of vitamin D3 and ultraviolet radiation in the management of RRMS. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of broadband ultraviolet B radiation (UVBR) versus moderate loading dose of vitamin D3 supplementation in improving postural control and cognitive functions. DESIGN Pretest-posttest randomized controlled study. SETTING Multiple sclerosis outpatient unit of Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Forty-seven patients with RRMS were recruited from both genders, yet only 40 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized into two groups: UVBR group involved 24 patients, received sessions for 4 weeks and vitamin D3 group involved 23 patients, took vitamin D3 supplementation (50 000 IU/week) for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall balance system index (OSI) and symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). RESULTS Highly significant decrease (P < 0.001) of the OSI in both groups post-treatment, indicating improved postural control. Moreover, highly significant improvement in the SDMT scores was noted, indicating information processing speed enhancement. Nonetheless, no statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05) differences were evident between the two groups post-treatment in all tested measures. CONCLUSION Both therapeutic programs were statistically equal in improving postural control and cognitive functions. However, clinically, UVBR therapy was more convenient owing to its shorter treatment time and higher percentage of change for all tested measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Abdelalim Essa
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Suez University, Suez Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elokda
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dalia Mosaad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Wael Shendy
- Department of Neurological Disorders and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Maged Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Hadeel Mohammad
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Elmazny
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman Magdy
- Department of Neurology, Police Forces Hospital, Giza, Egypt.
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Himebaugh NE, Robertson JB, Weninger K, Gilger BC, Ekesten B, Oh A. Ex Vivo analysis of ultraviolet radiation transmission through ocular media and retina in select species. Exp Eye Res 2023:109550. [PMID: 37356536 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the transmission of the ultraviolet (UV) radiation (200-400 nm) through intact enucleated globes of different species (dogs, cats, pigs, rabbits, horses, and humans) using spectrophotometry. Globes of cats (n = 6), dogs (n = 18), pigs (n = 10), rabbits (n = 6), horses (n = 10), and humans (n = 4) were analyzed. A 5-10 mm circular area of sclera and choroid from the posterior aspect of the globe was removed under a surgical microscope, leaving the retina intact in all species except the horse. Glass coverslips were added in horses and rabbits due to retinal and globe fragility. The %T of wavelengths from 200 to 800 nm were measured through the ocular media (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor) and retina, and compared between species. The globes of cats and dogs allowed the most amount of UV radiation transmission, while those of pigs and humans allowed the least amount of UV radiation transmission. A small amount of UV radiation transmission through the ocular media was detected in the rabbit and horse. Results from this study will support further vision research that may be used to train companion, working, and service animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Himebaugh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - James B Robertson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA; Office of Research, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Keith Weninger
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, 2401 Stinson Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
| | - Brian C Gilger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
| | - Bjorn Ekesten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 8, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Annie Oh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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Davis GE, Davis MJ, Lowell WE. Triggering multiple sclerosis at conception and early gestation: The variation in ultraviolet radiation is as important as its intensity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16954. [PMID: 37346332 PMCID: PMC10279836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Medical science needs to further elucidate the role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), geographic latitude, and the role of vitamin D in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). We separated several papers into categories out of the thousands published and used their conclusions to explore the relationship between UVR and MS. Relevance MS is increasing in incidence, particularly in women where MS is two to three times that in men and particularly severe in African Americans. Methods We collected UVR data at our observatory in Central Maine and calculated the average coefficient of variation (CVUVR) for each month for 15 years (2007-2021, inclusive). Results The month of conception (MOC) is more important than the month of birth (MOB) in explaining how UVR triggers the variable genetic predisposition to MS. We hypothesize that the rapidly increasing CVUVR is important in preventing an increase in the activity of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) from August to December, which then requires a higher intensity of UVR later in life to suppress the immune system, therefore predisposing to more MS. Limitations One observatory at about 44° latitude. Conclusions While variation in UVR is important at the MOC if UVR exceeds a threshold (e.g., if the sunspot number equals or is greater than 90, usually at a solar cycle MAX, or at elevations above approximately 3,000 feet above sea level), the MS mitigating vitamin D-VDR mechanism is overwhelmed and the genotoxic effects of higher-intensity UVR promote MS in those with a genetic predisposition. What is new in this research This paper offers a new concept in MS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E. Davis
- Riverview Psychiatric Center, 250 Arsenal Street, State House Station #11, Augusta, ME, 04333-0011, USA
| | - Matthew J. Davis
- Riverview Psychiatric Center, 250 Arsenal Street, State House Station #11, Augusta, ME, 04333-0011, USA
| | - Walter E. Lowell
- Riverview Psychiatric Center, 250 Arsenal Street, State House Station #11, Augusta, ME, 04333-0011, USA
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Wang P, Liu D, Cui J, Yan S, Liang Y, Chen Q, Liu Y, Ren S, Chen P. 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 attenuates the damage of human immortalized keratinocytes caused by Ultraviolet-B. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:74-81. [PMID: 37130063 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2208676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is an important factor in causing skin damage. The study is to explore whether 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) will attenuate the damage of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells caused by UVB and relevant underlying mechanisms. METHODS CCK-8 was employed to determine the UVB irradiation intensity and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NF-κB, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, Bcl2, FADD, CytC, Beclin-1; Flowcytometry was applied to measure the production of ROS. RESULTS The concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 used in the study was 100nM and the UVB irradiation intensity was 20 mJ/cm2. Compared with the HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB, the HaCaT cells were pretreated with 1,25(OH)2D3 had lower production of ROS, lower expression of NF-κB, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, FADD, CytC and Beclin-1(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 could inhibit the development of oxidative stress and apoptosis in HaCaTs triggered by UVB. This inhibition might be achieved through suppression of mitochondria-modulated apoptosis and autophagy. Vitamin D may be a potential UVB protective component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongge Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajing Cui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuqi Yan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Liang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuping Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Kim MK, Shin HS, Shin MH, Kim H, Lee DH, Chung JH. Dual role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in the regulation of ultraviolet radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 and type I procollagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2023; 119:112-124. [PMID: 37031807 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the extracellular matrix (ECM) caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that is implicated in inflammation, immune regulation, and senescence. However, its role in controlling UV-induced ECM alterations in the skin remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of EZH2 in UV-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and type I procollagen. We found that UV induced EZH2 expression in human skin in vivo and in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). EZH2 knockdown reduced the expression and promoter activity of MMP-1 and increased those of type I procollagen, whereas EZH2 overexpression had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, EZH2 increased NF-κB activity, and p65 and p50 expression and promoter activity. Intriguingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the EZH2/p65/p50 complex was recruited and bound to the MMP-1 promoter after UV irradiation, independent of its histone methyltransferase activity. In contrast, EZH2-induced DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) formed a complex with EZH2 and enhanced the enrichment of H3K27me3 on the COL1A2 promoter following UV irradiation. These findings indicate that EZH2 plays a dual role in regulating MMP-1 and type I procollagen expression and improve our understanding of how this epigenetic mechanism contributes to UV-induced skin responses and photoaging. This study shows that inhibiting EZH2 is a potential anti-aging strategy for preventing UV-induced skin aging by reducing MMP-1 expression and inducing type I procollagen expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesoo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Balboni E, Filippini T, Rothman KJ, Costanzini S, Bellino S, Pezzotti P, Brusaferro S, Ferrari F, Orsini N, Teggi S, Vinceti M. The influence of meteorological factors on COVID-19 spread in Italy during the first and second wave. Environ Res 2023; 228:115796. [PMID: 37019296 PMCID: PMC10069087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The relation between meteorological factors and COVID-19 spread remains uncertain, particularly with regard to the role of temperature, relative humidity and solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To assess this relation, we investigated disease spread within Italy during 2020. The pandemic had a large and early impact in Italy, and during 2020 the effects of vaccination and viral variants had not yet complicated the dynamics. We used non-linear, spline-based Poisson regression of modeled temperature, UV and relative humidity, adjusting for mobility patterns and additional confounders, to estimate daily rates of COVID-19 new cases, hospital and intensive care unit admissions, and deaths during the two waves of the pandemic in Italy during 2020. We found little association between relative humidity and COVID-19 endpoints in both waves, whereas UV radiation above 40 kJ/m2 showed a weak inverse association with hospital and ICU admissions in the first wave, and a stronger relation with all COVID-19 endpoints in the second wave. Temperature above 283 K (10 °C/50 °F) showed a strong non-linear negative relation with COVID-19 endpoints, with inconsistent relations below this cutpoint in the two waves. Given the biological plausibility of a relation between temperature and COVID-19, these data add support to the proposition that temperature above 283 K, and possibly high levels of solar UV radiation, reduced COVID-19 spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Balboni
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Health Physics Unit, Modena Policlinico University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sofia Costanzini
- Department of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Bellino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Brusaferro
- Presidency, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Orsini
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergio Teggi
- Department of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chen X, Hao K, Zong Y, Guo M, You J, He Q, Zhang D. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on microorganism and nitrogen metabolism in sewage under plateau background. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:52209-52226. [PMID: 36823464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The experiments were conducted in the Tibetan plateau environment, and the sewage treatment conditions were designed with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, and 180 min. The Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbiological and metabolomic patterns of the plateau sewage treatment at the experimental scale, and then the response mechanisms of microbial and nitrogen metabolism in sewage treatment were explored. The abundance of metabolism at the first level and global and overview maps at the second level were higher in the plateau environment than in other regions. The KEGG pathway shows the effect of UV on nitrogen metabolism and its aptitude to improving or inhibit it. The two main nitrogen removal processes are nitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction. This study reveals the response of activated sludge to UV radiation in a plateau environment from microbiological and metabolomic perspectives, providing ideas and perspectives for the study of water treatment system methods, as well as laying a valuable theoretical foundation for the enhancement of plateau sewage treatment capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Tibet Agriculture & Animal, Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyue Hao
- Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchen Zong
- Tibet Agriculture & Animal, Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingzhe Guo
- Tibet Agriculture & Animal, Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao You
- Tibet Agriculture & Animal, Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Tibet Agriculture & Animal, Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Tibet Agriculture & Animal, Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Husbandry University, Linzhi, 860000, People's Republic of China
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41
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Jia H, Camara I, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Yang X, Sangbaramou R, Zhen C, Shi W, Tan S. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on Beauveria bassiana virulence and development of protective formulations. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:112. [PMID: 36897473 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Locusta migratoria is a serious agricultural pest in China. Beauveria bassiana is one of the most important pathogens of grasshoppers and locusts. The effects of ultraviolet light were evaluated on the B. bassiana strain BbZJ1. The results showed that 253.7 and 360 nm wavelength UV (Ultra Violet) did not affect the germination of B. bassiana after its recovery from UV treatments. Nevertheless, the virulence of B. bassiana BbZJ1 after its recovery from radiation of UV (253.7 nm) increased. The mortality rates were 85.00% for the BbZJ1 control, was 96.67% for BbZJ1 recovered from radiation of UV (253.7 nm) for 60 min. After treatment with 253.7 nm UV radiation for 60 min, the expression levels of stress-resistant genes BbAlg9 and Bbadh2 in BbZJ1 strain were 2.68 and 2.29 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. Meanwhile, the B. bassiana prepared in 5% groundnut oil showed highest tolerance levels to the ultraviolet radiation. The 5% groundnut oil was the most suitable potential UV-protectant for B. bassiana in terms of cost and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ibrahima Camara
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Agriculture, Higher Agricultural and Veterinary Institute of Faranah Guinea, Faranah, Guinea
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Gao
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rouguiatou Sangbaramou
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Agriculture, Higher Agricultural and Veterinary Institute of Faranah Guinea, Faranah, Guinea
| | - Cong'ai Zhen
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangpeng Shi
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqian Tan
- Department of Entomology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Symanzik C, Ludewig M, Rocholl M, John SM. Photoprotection in occupational dermatology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023. [PMID: 36853496 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer has become a substantial matter of public health and in the workplace, accounting for a significant share of all reported occupational diseases. The most important external factor in the development of skin cancer is exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. Outdoor workers have already been identified as a high-risk category. The need for interventions to improve the sun protection behavior of outdoor workers has recently been understood. Outdoor workers' risk perceptions and attitudes toward sun protection methods are likely to influence practical sun protection behavior at work, and despite the fact that many workers have expressed interest in improving their sun protection behavior, outdoor workers' unique needs are still neglected. Occupational dermatology is predicted to become more concerned with photoprotection in the decades ahead. Preventive action against the rapidly increasing number skin cancer cases is in great demand around the globe. In terms of preventive measures, the full range of available options should be used as needed to address the current difficulties in a goal-oriented way. This will almost certainly only be achievable if preventative efforts on a collective and individual level are successfully paired with support from policymakers to inspire long-term change.
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43
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Johnson LE, Treible LM. Hanging under the ledge: synergistic consequences of UVA and UVB radiation on scyphozoan polyp reproduction and health. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14749. [PMID: 36751631 PMCID: PMC9899436 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) emitted by the sun can damage and kill living cells in animals, plants, and microorganisms. In aquatic environments, UVR can penetrate nearly 47 m into the water column, severely impacting many marine organisms. Jellyfish are often considered resilient to environmental stressors, potentially explaining their success in environmentally disturbed areas, but the extent of their resilience to UVR is not well known. Here, we tested resiliency to UVR by exposing benthic polyps of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia sp., to UVA and UVB-the two types of UVR that reach Earth's surface-both separately and in combination. We quantified asexual reproduction rates and polyp attachment to hard substrate, in addition to qualitative observations of polyp health. There were no differences in asexual reproduction rates between polyps exposed to isolated UVA and polyps that received no UVR. Polyps reproduced when exposed to short term (∼7-9 days) isolated UVB, but long-term exposure limited reproduction and polyp attachment to the substrate. When exposed to both UVA and UVB, polyps were unable to feed and unable to remain attached to the substrate, did not reproduce, and ultimately, experienced 100% mortality within 20 days. Although many studies only examine the effects of UVB, the combination of UVA and UVB here resulted in greater negative impacts than either form of UVR in isolation. Therefore, studies that only examine effects of UVB potentially underestimate environmentally relevant effects of UVR. These results suggest that polyps are unsuccessful under UVR stress, so the planula larval stage must settle in low-UVR environments to establish the success of the polyp stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Johnson
- Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States of America,Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Treible
- Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States of America,Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, United States of America
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Wu S, Mechrez G, Ment D, Toews MD, Ananth Mani K, Amar Feldbaum R, Shapiro-Ilan DI. Tolerance of Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles in novel nanoparticle formulations to ultraviolet radiation. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 196:107851. [PMID: 36400242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are susceptible to abiotic environmental factors including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which affects the survival and efficacy. This study evaluated nanoparticle (NP) formulations for protecting Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) from UV radiation. First, silica-NH2 NPs at oil-to-water ratios of 2:8, 3:7 and 4:6 were compared with Barricade Fire Gel (1 % and 2 %) and a water control (aqueous IJs) by exposing IJs to UV light (254 nm) for 0, 10 and 20 min. Barricade gel (especially 2 % Barricade) significantly improved IJs viability after UV treatment, while all three NPs had adverse effects on IJ viability after UV radiation. Subsequently, two silica (SiO2 basic and advanced) and one titania (TiO2) based formulations were tested with Barricade (1 % and 2 %) and a water control. The titania-NH2 NPs provided the highest UV protection, and IJ viability and virulence were not reduced even after 20-min UV. Except TiO2, only 2 % Barricade at 10-min UV and SiO2 basic at 20-min UV had lower IJ mortality than the water control. Only TiO2 formulated IJs caused higher insect mortality and infection levels than aqueous IJs after UV treatment. The UV tolerance of TiO2 was further examined by assessing the number of nematodes invading the hosts. Consistent with virulence tests, the number of invading nematodes in titania-NH2 NPs did not decrease after UV radiation for 10 or 20 min compared with the no-UV control. The anti-UV capability of titania-NH2 NPs has promise as a tool to enhance biocontrol efficacy of EPNs under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wu
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA.
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michael D Toews
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA
| | - Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reut Amar Feldbaum
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Borges-Rodríguez Y, Morales-Cueto R, Rivillas-Acevedo L. Effect of the Ultraviolet Radiation on the Lens. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:215-228. [PMID: 36617712 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666230106161436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The lens is a transparent, biconvex anatomical structure of the eyes responsible for light transmission and fine focusing on the retina. It is fundamentally constituted by water-soluble proteins called crystallins which are responsible for lens transparency due to their stable and highly organized disposition in the lens fiber cells. Some conformational changes and the subsequent aggregation of crystallins lead to loss of transparency in the lens and are the beginning of cataracts, which is the most frequent cause of reversible blindness in the world. Ultraviolet radiation is considered one of the risk factors for cataract development. The lens is exposed to radiation between 295 and 400 nm. This UV radiation may induce several processes that destroy the crystallins; the most significant is the oxidative stress due to increased free radicals formation. The oxidative stress is directly involved in modifications of the crystallin proteins leading to the formation of high molecular weight aggregates and then the subsequent opacification of the lens, known as cataracts. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about the damage of the lens proteins caused by ultraviolet radiation and its role in developing cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yissell Borges-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #1001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP 62209
| | - Rodrigo Morales-Cueto
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #1001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP 62209
| | - Lina Rivillas-Acevedo
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad #1001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP 62209
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Moreira DC, Aurélio da Costa Tavares Sabino M, Minari M, Torres Brasil Kuzniewski F, Angelini R, Hermes-Lima M. The role of solar radiation and tidal emersion on oxidative stress and glutathione synthesis in mussels exposed to air. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15345. [PMID: 37193036 PMCID: PMC10183164 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparation for oxidative stress (POS) is a widespread adaptive response to harsh environmental conditions, whose hallmark is the upregulation of antioxidants. In contrast to controlled laboratory settings, animals are exposed to multiple abiotic stressors under natural field conditions. Still, the interplay between different environmental factors in modulating redox metabolism in natural settings remains largely unexplored. Here, we aim to shed light on this topic by assessing changes in redox metabolism in the mussel Brachidontes solisianus naturally exposed to a tidal cycle. We compared the redox biochemical response of mussels under six different natural conditions in the field along two consecutive days. These conditions differ in terms of chronology, immersion/emersion, and solar radiation, but not in terms of temperature. Animals were collected after being exposed to air early morning (7:30), immersed during late morning and afternoon (8:45-15:30), and then exposed to air again late afternoon towards evening (17:45-21:25), in two days. Whole body homogenates were used to measure the activity of antioxidant (catalase, glutathione transferase and glutathione reductase) and metabolic (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase) enzymes, reduced (GSH) and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels, and oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Air and water temperature remained stable between 22.5 °C and 26 °C during both days. Global solar radiation (GSR) greatly differed between days, with a cumulative GSR of 15,381 kJ/m2 for day 1 and 5,489 kJ/m2 for day 2, whose peaks were 2,240 kJ/m2/h at 14:00 on day 1 and 952 kJ/m2/h at 12:00 on day 2. Compared with animals underwater, emersion during early morning did not elicit any alteration in redox biomarkers in both days. Air exposure for 4 h in the late afternoon towards evening caused oxidative damage to proteins and lipids and elicited GSH synthesis in animals that had been previously exposed to high GSR during the day. In the following day, when GSR was much lower, exposure to air under the same conditions (duration, time, and temperature) had no effect on any redox biomarker. These findings suggest that air exposure under low-intensity solar radiation is not sufficient to trigger POS in B. solisianus in its natural habitat. Thus, natural UV radiation is possibly a key environmental factor that combined to air exposure induces the POS-response to the stressful event of tidal variation in this coastal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Moreira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Minari
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Angelini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Czégény G, Rácz A. Phenolic peroxidases: Dull generalists or purposeful specialists in stress responses? J Plant Physiol 2023; 280:153884. [PMID: 36543063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on class III peroxidases (POD) (EC 1.11.1.7) as regulators of cellular H2O2 levels in leaves under oxidative stress. The effective regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in plant tissues is crucial for plant survival, and has been extensively reviewed. However, the majority of studies regard POD as a generalist without substrate specificity. This is partly due to the fact that laboratory protocols assessing POD levels use substrates, which are not contained in plants. Here, we show that both base- and stress-inducible POD activity depends on the choice of substrate. Moreover, the application of diverse substrates, particularly those contained in plants, unmasks POD isoenzymes that are distinguished by substrate preferences. This functional heterogeneity of POD responses is worth studying, especially in parallel with stress-induced changes in the phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Czégény
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Arnold Rácz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7633, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, Hungary.
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Lim G, Burns KC. Maintenance of a fruit colour polymorphism along an elevational gradient in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Oecologia 2023; 201:83-90. [PMID: 36416931 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many plants produce colour-polymorphic fruits. However, the processes responsible for the evolution and maintenance of fruit colour polymorphisms are poorly understood. We investigated the fruit colour polymorphism in Gaultheria depressa var. novae-zealandiae (Ericaceae), a predominantly bird-dispersed, alpine shrub from New Zealand, by testing whether colour morph frequencies vary geographically to maximise fruit-foliage colour contrasts. We also conducted a seed germination experiment to test whether fruit colour morphs vary in their susceptibility to UV damage. Results showed that 'red' fruits were more abundant at lower elevations, while 'white' fruits were predominant at higher elevations. Leaf colours shifted from 'green' in appearance at lower elevations to 'red' at higher elevations. Analyses of fruit-foliage colour contrasts showed that 'red' fruits were more conspicuous at lower elevations, and 'white' fruits were more conspicuous at higher elevations, which was consistent with the hypothesis that colour morph frequencies vary geographically to maximise their conspicuousness to dispersers. However, 'red' fruits were generally more conspicuous than 'white' fruits, regardless of elevation, indicating that the maintenance of the polymorphism could not be attributed to fruit-foliage colour contrasts alone. The seed germination experiment showed that 'white' fruits were more resistant to UV damage, suggesting the preponderance of 'white' fruited individuals in the landscape results from a greater degree of protection from UV damage. The fruit colour polymorphism in Gaultheria depressa var. novae-zealandiae therefore appears to be maintained by trade-offs between conspicuousness to dispersers and tolerance to UV damage, advocating a pluralistic approach to the problem in the future.
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Han J, Jang Y, Shin DY, Lee J, Seo YR. A Genomic Approach to Identify the Different between Acute and Chronic UVB Exposures in the Causation of Inflammation and Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:199-207. [PMID: 36713944 PMCID: PMC9836911 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.4.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a principal component of solar radiation, ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure can be harmful depending on the duration and intensity because the human body can easily be exposed to it. Many studies have demonstrated that UVB causes a series of inflammatory and other skin disorders. UVB has been classified as the Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Diverse studies have focused on UVB exposure but the complex perspective of acute and chronic UVB exposure is still lacking. This review presents the differences between acute and chronic exposure to UVB and summarizes public information in terms of toxicogenomic characteristics. We also demonstrated the differences between adverse effects of acute and chronic UVB exposure on the skin system. From the published literatures, we compared the biological pathways predict of the adverse effects caused by each UVB exposure type. Furthermore, our review not only clarifies the differences in each UVB exposure network but also suggests major hub genes related to cellular mechanisms and diseases that are thought to be affected by acute and chronic UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunPyo Han
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yujin Jang
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Yeop Shin
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea,Correspondence to Young Rok Seo, E-mail: , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-4073
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Nikkola V, Huotari-Orava R, Joronen H, Grönroos M, Kautiainen H, Ylianttila L, Snellman E, Partonen T. Melatonin immunoreactivity of epidermal skin is higher in the evening than morning but does not account for erythema sensitivity. Chronobiol Int 2022; 40:132-144. [PMID: 36576151 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2157733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a site of melatonin synthesis, and melatonin has a role in protecting against ultraviolet radiation-induced damage. Ultraviolet B (UVB) induced erythema seems to vary between morning and evening. We investigated whether epidermal melatonin immunoreactivities in the morning differed from those in the evening, and whether UVB-induced erythema was associated with these melatonin immunoreactivities in healthy volunteers. Erythema sensitivity of the skin was determined in the morning and in the evening by scoring the Minimal Erythema Dose and quantifying the erythema index (EI). We took biopsies from the non-UVB-exposed skin of healthy volunteers (n = 39) in the morning and in the evening to study melatonin immunoreactivity with immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the IHC staining, there was more melatonin immunoreactivity in the evening than in the morning (p < .001). Erythema was more pronounced in the evening than in the morning irradiated skin (p < .001). The graded amount of melatonin immunoreactivity in the samples was not associated with the EI. We discovered melatonin immunoreactivity of the non-irradiated skin to vary diurnally. However, endogenous skin melatonin does not seem to be the reason why NB-UVB induces more erythema in the evening than in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Nikkola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Lahti, Finland
| | - Riitta Huotari-Orava
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Pathology and FIMLAB, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Joronen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mari Grönroos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Päijät-Häme Social and Health Care Group, Lahti, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lasse Ylianttila
- Non-Ionizing Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erna Snellman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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