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Alvarez MF, Villar-Argaiz M, Vela Soria F, Fernández Zambrano A, Medina-Sánchez JM, Carrillo P. Thresholds and interactive effects of BPA-gradient and temperature on life history traits of Daphnia magna. Environ Pollut 2024:124186. [PMID: 38772512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic organic compound widely used in the production of plastics, is recognized as an emerging contaminant because of its toxicity and the potential risks associated with bioaccumulation in organisms. Despite potential environmental hazards, there is a lack of studies examining BPA toxicity mechanisms and its potential impact on various trophic levels, with even fewer exploring whether global stressors such as temperature can affect the toxicity of BPA in organisms. Our aim was to assess the combined impact of BPA and varying temperature regimes on life-history traits in Daphnia magna. Our results revealed a significant impact of BPA on the growth, reproduction, and accumulated moulting of D. magna, with adverse effects primarily associated with the assimilation of BPA in algae rather than the BPA present in the medium, pointing to a trophic transfer mechanism. The interactive effect between BPA and temperature demonstrated a slight stimulatory effect of low BPA level on D. magna growth rate under warming constant conditions, but an inhibitory under warming fluctuating temperatures. Additionally, a BPA threshold was identified, below which growth became temperature-dependent. This study emphasizes the crucial role of considering temperature in predicting how toxins may affect Daphnia within aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernanda Alvarez
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". CCT-CONICET-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Villar-Argaiz
- Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Vela Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS.GRANADA), E-18016 Granada, Spain; Clinical Laboratory Management Unit, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - J Manuel Medina-Sánchez
- Instituto del Agua, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Hou C. Energetic cost of biosynthesis is a missing link between growth and longevity in mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315921121. [PMID: 38709928 PMCID: PMC11098097 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315921121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The comparative studies of aging have established a negative correlation between Gompertz postnatal growth constant and maximum lifespan across mammalian species, but the underlying physiological mechanism remains unclear. This study shows that the Gompertz growth constant can be decomposed into two energetic components, mass-specific metabolic rate and the energetic cost of biosynthesis, and that after controlling the former as a confounder, the negative correlation between growth constant and lifespan still exists due to a 100-fold variation in the latter, revealing that the energetic cost of biosynthesis is a link between growth and longevity in mammals. Previously, the energetic cost of biosynthesis has been thought to be a constant across species and therefore was not considered a contributor to the variation in any life history traits, such as growth and lifespan. This study employs a recently proposed model based on energy conservation to explain the physiological effect of the variation in this energetic cost on the aging process and illustrates its role in linking growth and lifespan. The conventional life history theory suggested a tradeoff between growth and somatic maintenance, but the findings in this study suggest that allocating more energy to biosynthesis may enhance the somatic maintenance and extend lifespan and, hence, reveal a more complex nature of the tradeoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hou
- Biology Department, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO65401
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3
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Huguenard AL, Johnson GW, Osbun JW, Dacey RG, Braverman AC. Natural history and growth rate of intracranial aneurysms in Loeys-Dietz syndrome: implications for treatment. J Neurosurg 2024; 140:1381-1388. [PMID: 37948688 DOI: 10.3171/2023.8.jns23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a heritable aortopathy associated with craniofacial abnormalities and dilatation and dissection of the aorta and its branches, as well as increased risk for intracranial aneurysms (ICAs). Given the rarity of the disease, the authors aimed to better define the natural history and role for the treatment for ICAs in these patients. METHODS The medical records of 83 patients with LDS were retrospectively reviewed to obtain clinical and genetic history and vascular imaging of the aorta, aortic branches, and intracranial vessels. Serial radiology reports and cervical and intracranial vascular images were reviewed to determine presence, location, and size of ICAs. RESULTS In total, 55 patients (66.3%) had at least two screening intracranial vascular examinations, and 19 (22.9%) had at least 1 ICA detected. Aneurysms were typically small (mean ± SD 3.2 ± 1.8 mm). ICAs were most often located in the cavernous carotid, followed by the ophthalmic and anterior cerebral artery vessels. The rate of ICA growth was 0.43 ± 0.53 mm/year, similar to that of the general population. Three patients underwent intervention for an ICA, with 1 procedure complicated by stroke and resulting in transient hemiparesis. Several illustrative cases detail the authors' experience with ICA growth, de novo aneurysm formation, and ICA intervention in this rare patient population. CONCLUSIONS ICAs in patients with LDS are common, are frequently small, and have a growth rate similar to that of unruptured ICAs in the general population. More aggressive or earlier intervention for asymptomatic ICAs identified in LDS patients compared with the general population is likely unwarranted based on the authors' experience at their institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Huguenard
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Gabrielle W Johnson
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Joshua W Osbun
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Ralph G Dacey
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Alan C Braverman
- 2Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
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Karagülle G, Telli M. Effects of green light supplementation with red and blue combinations of LED light spectrums on the growth and transcriptional response of Haematococcus pluvialis. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3462. [PMID: 38641974 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Light management strategy is crucial for improving microalgal production in terms of higher biomass and economically valuable bioactive molecules. However, green light has received less attention in developing light managements for algae and higher plant due to its low absorption rate by chlorophyll. In this study, the effects of green light supplementation, in the combination with red and blue light were investigated in Haematococcus pluvialis. 10% and 20% of green light supplementations were applied in 3:2 ratios of red and blue LED light combinations as an expense of red-light. Growth rates, chlorophyll concentration, and dry weight were measured to assess the growth kinetics of H. pluvialis along with the relative transcript accumulations of four mRNAs: Rubisco, PTOX2, PsaB, and PsbS. Growth rates, chlorophyll concentrations and dry weight were found significantly higher in presence of 10% green light supplementation compared to red and blue light combinations. The relative transcript accumulations of Rubisco and PsbS genes showed significant upregulation at the end of the experiments (with the fold change of 42.91 ± 12.08 and 98.57 ± 27.38, respectively, relative to the beginning of the experiments) compared to combinations of red and blue light (fold change of 19.09 ± 3.0 and 47.77 ± 14.21, respectively, relative to beginning of the experiments). PsaB and PTOX2 transcripts did not show significant accumulation differences between treatments. It seems that green light has a dose dependent additive effect on the growth rate of H. pluvialis. The upregulation of Rubisco and PsbS may indicate green light dependent carbon assimilation and light-harvesting response in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karagülle
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - M Telli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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Choi JW, Choi KS. Effect of salinity on the oviposition and growth of Ochlerotatus togoi. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11289. [PMID: 38660469 PMCID: PMC11040096 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochlerotatus togoi is a salt-tolerant euryhaline mosquito that lays its eggs in rock pools. Although it is a pest that can transmit flaviviruses and filarial worms to humans, ecological studies have not been previously conducted because of its limited habitat. However, rising sea levels have created a more favorable environment for Oc. togoi, increasing the risk of Oc. togoi-borne diseases. We examined the oviposition and growth rates of Oc. togoi at 0-35 psu to obtain ecological data. It exhibited the highest oviposition preference at 0 psu; however, the hatching rate was highest at 10 psu, the pupation rate was highest at 25 psu, and the emergence rate was highest at 5 psu. Oc. togoi showed the highest rate of growth into adults at 25 psu. The results were assessed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests (post hoc test: Bonferroni), and a regression equation was generated for the incidence of adult Oc. togoi based on the change in salinity (y = -14.318 + 9.821x; y = adult incidence rate; x = salinity). The oviposition habits and developmental conditions of Oc. togoi were confirmed, and the incidence of Oc. togoi based on changes in sea level and ocean salinity was predicted. The results of this study will be useful for controlling salt-tolerant vectors and responding to vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Choi
- School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
- Research Institute for Dok‐do and Ulleung‐do IslandKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
| | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch GroupKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
- Research Institute for Dok‐do and Ulleung‐do IslandKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
- Research Institute for Phylogenomics and EvolutionKyungpook National UniversityDaeguSouth Korea
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Sonsino A, Ellauzi H, Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Elefteriades JA. Rapid growth of thoracic aortic aneurysm: Reality or myth? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024; 167:1206-1213. [PMID: 36028356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The American Association for Thoracic Surgery 2010 guidelines stipulate that rapid growth of the aorta (>3 mm/y) is an indication for prophylactic surgical intervention. Because of the many potential sources of error in aortic measurement (including measurement variability and comparison of noncorresponding segments), we explored whether rapid aortic growth was a reality or a falsehood. METHODS Among 2781 patients with aortic disease who were treated over 3 decades, we examined aortic growth rate in 811 patients with at least 2 aortic images taken at least 2 years apart. We identified 42 ascending and 27 descending patients with putative rapid aortic growth. A team of experienced clinicians reread the source images. RESULTS Among the 42 ascending patients with putative rapid aortic growth, rapid growth was confirmed in 12 and refuted in 11 (19 images nonretrievable). Among the 27 descending patients, rapid growth was confirmed in 6 and refuted in 4 (17 images nonretrievable). We calculated lower, middle, and highest possible rapid growth rates by prorating positivity rates for nonretrievable scans. Lowest, middle, and highest possible rates of rapid growth were 2.7%, 4.7%, and 6.9% for ascending aorta, and 1.6%, 4.3%, and 7.3% for descending aneurysms, respectively. Middle rates are considered most accurately reflective. Of the patients with confirmed rapid growth, 3 of 4 inoperable patients succumbed to their aorta. Twenty-three patients underwent prompt surgery, with 22 survivors. For the rapidly growing aortas, operative, pathologic, and genetic findings are reported. CONCLUSIONS Although not a falsehood, rapid growth is uncommon for the ascending and descending aorta. Many putative cases are reflective of measurement error. Attention to potential sources of measurement error is key. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sonsino
- Yale University School of Medicine, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn
| | - Hesham Ellauzi
- Yale University School of Medicine, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn
| | - Bulat A Ziganshin
- Yale University School of Medicine, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn
| | - Mohammad A Zafar
- Yale University School of Medicine, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Yale University School of Medicine, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Conn.
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Zhou S, Watcharaanantapong P, Yang X, Thornton T, Gan H, Tabler T, Prado M, Zhao Y. Evaluating broiler welfare and behavior as affected by growth rate and stocking density. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103459. [PMID: 38308899 PMCID: PMC10847911 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the welfare and behaviors of Cobb 700 broilers as affected by growth rate (GR) and stocking density (SD). Slower-growth (weight gain < 50 g/d) and medium-growth (weight gain = 50-60 g/d) broilers were produced by providing 57.1% and 78.6% of the feed intake listed in the Cobb 700 production manual for standard (fed ad libitum) broilers (weight gain > 60 g/d). Broilers at all 3 GRs were reared at 2 SDs of 30 and 40 kg/m2. Broiler welfare indicators, including gait score, tibia strength, feather coverage, and footpad condition were evaluated when birds reached 1, 2, and 3 kg of body weight. The activity index was determined by overhead cameras and image processing, and the time spent at feeders was recorded using the radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems. The results show that it took 45 d for standard, 52 d for medium-growth, and 62 d for slower-growth broilers to reach a 3 kg market body weight. Feed conversion ratios (FCR, kg/kg) were 1.57 for standard, 1.67 for medium-growth, and 1.80 for slower-growth broilers. Growth rate and SD had an interaction effect on feather cleanliness (P = 0.03), and belly feather coverage (P = 0.02). Slower-growth broilers were more active and had better feather coverage and gait scores than medium-growth and standard broilers (all P < 0.01) but may feel hungry and depressed, medium-growth broilers spent the most time at the feeder among the 3 growth groups (P = 0.02), and standard broilers showed the best production performance. Broilers at 30 kg/m2 showed better bone strength (P = 0.04), and footpad condition (P < 0.01) compared to those at 40 kg/m2. In conclusion, reducing GR and SD may slightly improve broiler leg health at the high expense of compromised production performance and prolonged production cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhou
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Xiao Yang
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tanner Thornton
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hao Gan
- Biosystems Engineering & Soils Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tom Tabler
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Prado
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Lediuk KD, Svriz M, Puntieri JG, Damascos MA. Species traits related to the invasion of woody plants in Patagonian deciduous forests. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2024; 26:305-315. [PMID: 38230841 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The comparison of ecological, phenological, morphological and developmental traits between exotic invasive species and coexisting native species contributes to understand the driving mechanisms of successful invasions. This study aimed to examine which of these traits are related to the invasion of woody plants in the understory of deciduous North Patagonian forests of Argentina. We compared the phenology, shoot growth rate, number of leaves, biomass allocation, leaf herbivory, and recruitment type of two exotic deciduous trees, Crataegus monogyna and Sorbus aucuparia, with those of four coexisting native woody species (one deciduous, one semi-deciduous, and two evergreen species). Spring shoot growth took place several weeks earlier in both exotic species and in the deciduous native species than in the other native species; growth rates were higher in the exotics. Compared to coexisting native species, both exotic species developed shoots that were as long as or longer, had lower biomass allocation to leaves and higher allocation to roots, suffered lower leaf damage by herbivores and exhibited higher seed than vegetative recruitment. This study supports the idea that a combination of phenological, growth rate and mass allocation traits allow exotic species to preempt resources, thus favouring invasion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Lediuk
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue, S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Svriz
- Departamento de Botánica, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - J G Puntieri
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M A Damascos
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue, S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina
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Zhu H, Xiong Y, Jiang Z, Liu Q, Wang J. Quantifying Dynamic Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Resistant Escherichia coli under Translation-Inhibiting Antibiotics. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304548. [PMID: 38193201 PMCID: PMC10953537 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the phenotypic heterogeneity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria following treatment and the transitions between different phenotypes is crucial for developing effective infection control strategies. The study expands upon previous work by explicating chloramphenicol-induced phenotypic heterogeneities in growth rate, gene expression, and morphology of resistant Escherichia coli using time-lapse microscopy. Correlating the bacterial growth rate and cspC expression, four interchangeable phenotypic subpopulations across varying antibiotic concentrations are identified, surpassing the previously described growth rate bistability. Notably, bacterial cells exhibiting either fast or slow growth rates can concurrently harbor subpopulations characterized by high and low gene expression levels, respectively. To elucidate the mechanisms behind this enhanced heterogeneity, a concise gene expression network model is proposed and the biological significance of the four phenotypes is further explored. Additionally, by employing Hidden Markov Model fitting and integrating the non-equilibrium landscape and flux theory, the real-time data encompassing diverse bacterial traits are analyzed. This approach reveals dynamic changes and switching kinetics in different cell fates, facilitating the quantification of observable behaviors and the non-equilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics at play. The results highlight the multi-dimensional heterogeneous behaviors of antibiotic-resistant bacteria under antibiotic stress, providing new insights into the compromised antibiotic efficacy, microbial response, and associated evolution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Yixiao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022China
- School of Applied Chemistry and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Zhenlong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022China
| | - Qiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunJilin130022China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of ChemistryPhysics and Applied MathematicsState University of New York at Stony Brook.Stony BrookNew York11794‐3400USA
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Norin T, Rowsey LE, Houslay TM, Reeve C, Speers-Roesch B. Among-individual variation in thermal plasticity of fish metabolic rates causes profound variation in temperature-specific trait repeatability, but does not co-vary with behavioural plasticity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220488. [PMID: 38186278 PMCID: PMC10772605 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Conspecifics of the same age and size differ consistently in the pace with which they expend energy. This among-individual variation in metabolic rate is thought to influence behavioural variation, since differences in energy requirements should motivate behaviours that facilitate energy acquisition, such as being bold or active in foraging. While there is evidence for links between metabolic rate and behaviour in constant environments, we know little about whether metabolic rate and behaviour change together when the environment changes-that is, if metabolic and behavioural plasticity co-vary. We investigated this using a fish that becomes dormant in winter and strongly reduces its activity when the environment cools, the cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus). We found strong and predictable among-individual variation in thermal plasticity of metabolic rates, from resting to maximum levels, but no evidence for among-individual variation in thermal plasticity of movement activity, meaning that these key physiological and behavioural traits change independently when the environment changes. The strong among-individual variation in metabolic rate plasticity resulted in much higher repeatability (among-individual consistency) of metabolic rates at warm than cold temperatures, indicating that the potential for metabolic rate to evolve under selection is temperature-dependent, as repeatability can set the upper limit to heritability. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Henrik Dams Allé 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5
| | - Lauren E. Rowsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5
| | - Thomas M. Houslay
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Connor Reeve
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5
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Li T, Jin M, Wang H, Zhang W, Yuan Z, Wei C. Whole-Genome Scanning for Selection Signatures Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Growth and Tail Length in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:687. [PMID: 38473071 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to Chinese indigenous sheep, Western sheep have rapid growth rate, larger physique, and higher meat yield. These excellent Western sheep were introduced into China for crossbreeding to expedite the enhancement of production performance and mutton quality in local breeds. Here, we investigated population genetic structure and genome-wide selection signatures among the Chinese indigenous sheep and the introduced sheep based on whole-genome resequencing data. The PCA, N-J tree and ADMIXTURE results showed significant genetic difference between Chinese indigenous sheep and introduced sheep. The nucleotide diversity (π) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay results indicated that the genomic diversity of introduced breeds were lower. Then, Fst & π ratio, XP-EHH, and de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) methods were used to detect the selection signals. The results showed that we identified important candidate genes related to growth rate and body size in the introduced breeds. Selected genes with stronger selection signatures are associated with growth rate (CRADD), embryonic development (BVES, LIN28B, and WNT11), body size (HMGA2, MSRB3, and PTCH1), muscle development and fat metabolism (MSTN, PDE3A, LGALS12, GGPS1, and SAR1B), wool color (ASIP), and hair development (KRT71, KRT74, and IRF2BP2). Thus, these genes have the potential to serve as candidate genes for enhancing the growth traits of Chinese indigenous sheep. We also identified tail-length trait-related candidate genes (HOXB13, LIN28A, PAX3, and VEGFA) in Chinese long-tailed breeds. Among these genes, HOXB13 is the main candidate gene for sheep tail length phenotype. LIN28A, PAX3, and VEGFA are related to embryonic development and angiogenesis, so these genes may be candidate genes for sheep tail type traits. This study will serve as a foundation for further genetic improvement of Chinese indigenous sheep and as a reference for studies related to growth and development of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Long Y, Han X, Meng X, Xu P, Tao F. A robust yeast chassis: comprehensive characterization of a fast-growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. mBio 2024; 15:e0319623. [PMID: 38214535 PMCID: PMC10865977 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03196-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Robust chassis are critical to facilitate advances in synthetic biology. This study describes a comprehensive characterization of a new yeast isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae XP that grows faster than commonly used research and industrial S. cerevisiae strains. The genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses suggest that the fast growth rate is, in part, due to the efficient electron transport chain and key growth factor synthesis. A toolbox for genetic manipulation of the yeast was developed; we used it to construct l-lactic acid producers for high lactate production. The development of genetically malleable yeast strains that grow faster than currently used strains may significantly enhance the uses of S. cerevisiae in biotechnology.IMPORTANCEYeast is known as an outstanding starting strain for constructing microbial cell factories. However, its growth rate restricts its application. A yeast strain XP, which grows fast in high concentrations of sugar and acidic environments, is revealed to demonstrate the potential in industrial applications. A toolbox was also built for its genetic manipulation including gene insertion, deletion, and ploidy transformation. The knowledge of its metabolism, which could guide the designing of genetic experiments, was generated with multi-omics analyses. This novel strain along with its toolbox was then tested by constructing an l-lactic acid efficient producer, which is conducive to the development of degradable plastics. This study highlights the remarkable competence of nonconventional yeast for applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdanyu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanlin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Andrew S, Swart S, McKenna S, Morissette J, Gillis CA, Linnansaari T, Currie S, Morash AJ. The impacts of diel thermal variability on growth, development and performance of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) from two thermally distinct rivers. Conserv Physiol 2024; 12:coae007. [PMID: 38487731 PMCID: PMC10939361 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Temperature in many natural aquatic environments follows a diel cycle, but to date, we know little on how diel thermal cycles affect fish biology. The current study investigates the growth, development and physiological performance of wild Atlantic salmon collected from the Miramichi and Restigouche rivers (NB, Canada). Fish were collected as parr and acclimated to either 16-21 or 19-24°C diel thermal cycles throughout the parr and smolt life stages. Both Miramichi and Restigouche Atlantic salmon parr grew at similar rates during 16-21 or 19-24°C acclimations. However, as smolts, the growth rates of the Miramichi (-8% body mass day-1) and Restigouche (-38% body mass day-1) fish were significantly slower at 19-24°C, and were in fact negative, indicating loss of mass in this group. Acclimation to 19-24°C also increased Atlantic salmon CTmax. Our findings suggest that both life stage and river origin impact Atlantic salmon growth and performance in the thermal range used herein. These findings provide evidence for local adaptation of Atlantic salmon, increased vulnerability to warming temperatures, and highlight the differential impacts of these ecologically relevant diel thermal cycles on the juvenile life stages in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Andrew
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Sula Swart
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Stephanie McKenna
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Jenna Morissette
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Carole-Anne Gillis
- Gespe’gewa’gi Institute of Natural Understanding, 1 Marshall Way, Listuguj, QC, G0C 2R0, Canada
| | - Tommi Linnansaari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, and Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Suzanne Currie
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, NS, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Andrea J Morash
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, 62 York St., Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
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14
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Yang S, Di Lodovico E, Rupp A, Harms H, Fricke C, Miltner A, Kästner M, Maskow T. Enhancing insights: exploring the information content of calorespirometric ratio in dynamic soil microbial growth processes through calorimetry. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1321059. [PMID: 38371938 PMCID: PMC10869564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1321059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activity of microbial communities maintains the services and functions of soils. Microbial communities require energy and carbon for microbial growth, which they obtain by transforming organic matter (OM), oxidizing a fraction of it and transferring the electrons to various terminal acceptors. Quantifying the relations between matter and energy fluxes is possible when key parameters such as reaction enthalpy (∆rH), energy use efficiency (related to enthalpy) (EUE), carbon use efficiency (CUE), calorespirometric ratio (CR), carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER), and the apparent specific growth rate (μ app ) are known. However, the determination of these parameters suffers from unsatisfying accuracy at the technical (sample size, instrument sensitivity), experimental (sample aeration) and data processing levels thus affecting the precise quantification of relationships between carbon and energy fluxes. To address these questions under controlled conditions, we analyzed microbial turnover processes in a model soil amended using a readily metabolizable substrate (glucose) and three commercial isothermal microcalorimeters (MC-Cal/100P, TAM Air and TAM III) with different sample sizes meaning varying volume-related thermal detection limits (LODv) (0.05- 1 mW L-1). We conducted aeration experiments (aerated and un-aerated calorimetric ampoules) to investigate the influence of oxygen limitation and thermal perturbation on the measurement signal. We monitored the CER by measuring the additional heat caused by CO2 absorption using a NaOH solution acting as a CO2 trap. The range of errors associated with the calorimetrically derived μ app , EUE, and CR was determined and compared with the requirements for quantifying CUE and the degree of anaerobicity (η A ) . Calorimetrically derived μ app and EUE were independent of the instrument used. However, instruments with a low LODv yielded the most accurate results. Opening and closing the ampoules for oxygen and CO2 exchange did not significantly affect metabolic heats. However, regular opening during calorimetrically derived CER measurements caused significant measuring errors due to strong thermal perturbation of the measurement signal. Comparisons between experimentally determined CR, CUE,η A , and modeling indicate that the evaluation of CR should be performed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Yang
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eliana Di Lodovico
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Alina Rupp
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Fricke
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Anja Miltner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kästner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Maskow
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Murik O, Geffen O, Shotland Y, Fernandez-Pozo N, Ullrich KK, Walther D, Rensing SA, Treves H. Genomic imprints of unparalleled growth. New Phytol 2024; 241:1144-1160. [PMID: 38072860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella ohadii was isolated from desert biological soil crusts, one of the harshest habitats on Earth, and is emerging as an exciting new green model for studying growth, photosynthesis and metabolism under a wide range of conditions. Here, we compared the genome of C. ohadii, the fastest growing alga on record, to that of other green algae, to reveal the genomic imprints empowering its unparalleled growth rate and resistance to various stressors, including extreme illumination. This included the genome of its close relative, but slower growing and photodamage sensitive, C. sorokiniana UTEX 1663. A larger number of ribosome-encoding genes, high intron abundance, increased codon bias and unique genes potentially involved in metabolic flexibility and resistance to photodamage are all consistent with the faster growth of C. ohadii. Some of these characteristics highlight general trends in Chlorophyta and Chlorella spp. evolution, and others open new broad avenues for mechanistic exploration of their relationship with growth. This work entails a unique case study for the genomic adaptations and costs of exceptionally fast growth and sheds light on the genomic signatures of fast growth in photosynthetic cells. It also provides an important resource for future studies leveraging the unique properties of C. ohadii for photosynthesis and stress response research alongside their utilization for synthetic biology and biotechnology aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Murik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 93722, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Geffen
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Shotland
- Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, 84100, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Karsten Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Andreas Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Haim Treves
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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16
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Peters J, van Dijck JAAM, Elias SG, Otten JDM, Broeders MJM. The prognostic potential of mammographic growth rate of invasive breast cancer in the Nijmegen breast cancer screening cohort. J Med Screen 2024:9691413231222765. [PMID: 38295359 DOI: 10.1177/09691413231222765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insight into the aggressiveness of potential breast cancers found in screening may optimize recall decisions. Specific growth rate (SGR), measured on mammograms, may provide valuable prognostic information. This study addresses the association of SGR with prognostic factors and overall survival in patients with invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) from a screened population. METHODS In this historic cohort study, 293 women with NST were identified from all participants in the Nijmegen screening program (2003-2007). Information on clinicopathological factors was retrieved from patient files and follow-up on vital status through municipalities. On consecutive mammograms, tumor volumes were estimated. After comparing five growth functions, SGR was calculated using the best-fitting function. Regression and multivariable survival analyses described associations between SGR and prognostic factors as well as overall survival. RESULTS Each one standard deviation increase in SGR was associated with an increase in the Nottingham prognostic index by 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.21-0.46]. Each one standard deviation increase in SGR increased the odds of a tumor with an unfavorable subtype (based on histologic grade and hormone receptors; odds ratio 2.14 [95% CI: 1.45-3.15]) and increased the odds of diagnosis as an interval cancer (versus screen-detected; odds ratio 1.57 [95% CI: 1.20-2.06]). After a median of 12.4 years of follow-up, 78 deaths occurred. SGR was not associated with overall survival (hazard ratio 1.12 [95% CI: 0.87-1.43]). CONCLUSIONS SGR may indicate prognostically relevant differences in tumor aggressiveness if serial mammograms are available. A potential association with cause-specific survival could not be determined and is of interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Peters
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A A M van Dijck
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G Elias
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes D M Otten
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille J M Broeders
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Expert Centre for Screening (LRCB), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Székely D, Stănescu F, Székely P, Telea AE, Cogălniceanu D. A review of age estimation methods in non-avian reptiles by growth marks in hard tissues. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38258336 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Age and growth-related data are basic biological parameters, essential in population ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. There is a growing body of published information on reptile demography derived from sclerochronology, a technique based on counting the growth layers deposited in bones (skeletochronology) and other hard body structures. Since the data are not always easily available, we compiled the existing published data, described the current status of knowledge, synthetized the conclusions of disparate studies, and identified patterns of research and information gaps, prioritizing the needs for future research. Our database includes the results of 468 published studies covering 236 reptile species from 41 families. These represent less than 2% of the total number of known extant species. Turtles and crocodiles are proportionally better studied, while snakes are the least examined group. The distribution of the research does not reflect conservation needs; we found an important geographic bias, with an overrepresentation of Northern temperate species. Only 23% of the studies checked the assumption of periodicity of growth marks deposition, and the method was found to be reliable or adequate in 79% of the cases. Overall, the data obtained through sclerochronology can be considered robust, especially if validation methods are employed, since the general goal is to characterize population parameters, trends, and dynamics, rather than determining the exact age of any specimen in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Székely
- Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Servicios Ecosistémicos (EcoSs-Lab), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Florina Stănescu
- Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, Ovidius University Constanța, Constanța, Romania
- Black Sea Institute for Development and Security Studies, Ovidius University Constanța, Constanța, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paul Székely
- Museo de Zoología, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Laboratorio de Ecología Tropical y Servicios Ecosistémicos (EcoSs-Lab), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
| | - Alexandra E Telea
- Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, Ovidius University Constanța, Constanța, Romania
- Association Chelonia Romania, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Research Center of the Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Constanţa, Romania
- Association Chelonia Romania, Bucharest, Romania
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18
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Peters MA, King AA, Wale N. Red blood cell dynamics during malaria infection violate the assumptions of mathematical models of infection dynamics. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.10.575051. [PMID: 38260611 PMCID: PMC10802624 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
For decades, mathematical models have been used to understand the course and outcome of malaria infections (i.e., infection dynamics) and the evolutionary dynamics of the parasites that cause them. A key conclusion of these models is that red blood cell (RBC) availability is a fundamental driver of infection dynamics and parasite trait evolution. The extent to which this conclusion holds will in part depend on model assumptions about the host-mediated processes that regulate RBC availability i.e., removal of uninfected RBCs and supply of RBCs. Diverse mathematical functions have been used to describe host-mediated RBC supply and clearance, but it remains unclear whether they adequately capture the dynamics of RBC supply and clearance during infection. Here, we use a unique dataset, comprising time-series measurements of erythrocyte (i.e., mature RBC) and reticulocyte (i.e., newly supplied RBC) densities during Plasmodium chabaudi malaria infection, and a quantitative data-transformation scheme to elucidate whether RBC dynamics conform to common model assumptions. We found that RBC clearance and supply are not well described by mathematical functions commonly used to model these processes. Furthermore, the temporal dynamics of both processes vary with parasite growth rate in a manner again not captured by existing models. Together, these finding suggest that new model formulations are required if we are to explain and ultimately predict the within-host population dynamics and evolution of malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A.E. Peters
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron A. King
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nina Wale
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Zhang C, Wang C, Lv Z, Hu X. Relationships of pulsed frequency and anammox bacteria growth rate, at low temperatures. Environ Technol 2024; 45:599-611. [PMID: 35993696 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored pulsed frequency that could enhance the anammox bacteria growth rate and TN removal rate at low temperatures (16 ± 1°C). The results showed that the growth rate of anammox bacteria in R1 (1000 Hz) was significantly higher than in R2 (30 Hz) and R3 (106Hz). The relative abundance values of anammox bacteria R1 were higher by 52.21% and 172.41% than R2 and R3, while that of MLSS were as high as 241.07% and 471.36% than R2 and R3, with the nitrogen loading rate was 6.84 kg-N/m³/d. Besides, the dynamics also showed that the specific anammox activity (SAA) and the cellular yield of R1 were higher than R2 and R3. The intermediate frequency could enhance the cell division by stimulating the anammoxosome and reduce the ionic hydration layer to accelerate the ion migration rate, further improving the number of anammox bacteria even at low temperatures. The pulsed frequency could enhance the anammox growth rate and the doubling time is just 5 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- School Municipal & Environment Engineering, Shenyang JianZhu University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School Municipal & Environment Engineering, Shenyang JianZhu University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Lv
- School Municipal & Environment Engineering, Shenyang JianZhu University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Gibson M, Lawrence KE, Balcomb C, Laven RA. The effect of parenteral vitamin B 12 on the growth rate of dairy calves over the summer and autumn on seven farms from the Central Plateau, New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:10-16. [PMID: 37675455 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2254729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of parenteral vitamin B12 supplementation on the growth rate of dairy heifer calves over the summer and autumn on seven farms from the Central Plateau of New Zealand, an area historically associated with low cobalt levels in grazing pasture. METHODS This was a controlled clinical trial conducted on a convenience sample of seven farms with young female calves randomly assigned to three vitamin B12 treatment groups and followed through a grazing season. Two treatment groups received either monthly SC injections of a short-acting (SA) B12 formulation or 3-monthly injections of a long-acting (LA) B12 formulation and the third group received no treatment (NT). No additional parenteral vitamin B12 was given; however, all calves received additional cobalt (0.04-0.4 mg Co/kg liveweight) in the mineralised anthelmintic drenches given orally every month. Liveweight was recorded in December/January and at the end of the trial in May/June/July depending on farm. Pasture cobalt concentrations (mg/kg DM) were measured every month using 500-g herbage samples from 100-m transects in the area about to be grazed by the trial groups. RESULTS There was evidence for a difference in growth rate between groups with mean final weight of 228 (95% CI = 212-243) kg for the LA groups, 224 (95% CI = 209-239) kg for the SA groups and 226 (95% CI = 211-241) kg for the NT groups respectively, (global p-value = 0.014). Calves given SA vitamin B12 were 3.77 (95% CI = 0.71-6.82) kg lighter than calves given LA vitamin B12 (p = 0.011). There was no evidence for a change in pasture cobalt concentrations (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this trial raise the question as to whether the routine use of vitamin B12 supplementation in young cattle from areas traditionally thought to be cobalt deficient is necessary, and further raise the possibility that vitamin B12 supplementation by repeated injection of SA products may negatively impact growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K E Lawrence
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C Balcomb
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R A Laven
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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21
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González-Olalla JM, Powell JA, Brahney J. Dust storms increase the tolerance of phytoplankton to thermal and pH changes. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17055. [PMID: 38273543 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic communities are increasingly subjected to multiple stressors through global change, including warming, pH shifts, and elevated nutrient concentrations. These stressors often surpass species tolerance range, leading to unpredictable consequences for aquatic communities and ecosystem functioning. Phytoplankton, as the foundation of the aquatic food web, play a crucial role in controlling water quality and the transfer of nutrients and energy to higher trophic levels. Despite the significance in understanding the effect of multiple stressors, further research is required to explore the combined impact of multiple stressors on phytoplankton. In this study, we used a combination of crossed experiment and mechanistic model to analyze the ecological and biogeochemical effects of global change on aquatic ecosystems and to forecast phytoplankton dynamics. We examined the effect of dust (0-75 mg L-1 ), temperature (19-27°C), and pH (6.3-7.3) on the growth rate of the algal species Scenedesmus obliquus. Furthermore, we carried out a geospatial analysis to identify regions of the planet where aquatic systems could be most affected by atmospheric dust deposition. Our mechanistic model and our empirical data show that dust exerts a positive effect on phytoplankton growth rate, broadening its thermal and pH tolerance range. Finally, our geospatial analysis identifies several high-risk areas including the highlands of the Tibetan Plateau, western United States, South America, central and southern Africa, central Australia as well as the Mediterranean region where dust-induced changes are expected to have the greatest impacts. Overall, our study shows that increasing dust storms associated with a more arid climate and land degradation can reverse the negative effects of high temperatures and low pH on phytoplankton growth, affecting the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems and their role in the cycles of the elements and tolerance to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James A Powell
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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22
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Askaripour K, Żak A. A systematic review on cellular responses of Escherichia coli to nonthermal electromagnetic irradiation. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:16-29. [PMID: 37807247 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of Escherichia coli under electromagnetic fields is of significance in human studies owing to its short doubling time and human-like DNA mechanisms. The present review aims to systematically evaluate the literature to conclude causality between 0 and 300 GHz electromagnetic fields and biological effects in E. coli. To that end, the OHAT methodology and risk of bias tool were employed. Exponentially growing cells exposed for over 30 min at temperatures up to3 7 ∘ C $3{7}^{\circ }\,{\rm{C}}$ with fluctuations below1 ∘ C ${1}^{\circ }\,{\rm{C}}$ were included from the Web-of-Knowledge, PubMed, or EMF-Portal databases. Out of 904 records identified, 25 articles satisfied the selection criteria, with four excluded during internal validation. These articles examined cell growth (11 studies), morphology (three studies), and gene regulation (11 studies). Most experiments (85%) in the included studies focused on the extremely low-frequency (ELF) range, with 60% specifically at 50 Hz. Changes in growth rate were observed in 74% of ELF experiments and 71% of radio frequency (RF) experiments. Additionally, 80% of ELF experiments showed morphology changes, while gene expression changes were seen in 33% (ELF) and 50% (RF) experiments. Due to the limited number of studies, especially in the intermediate frequency and RF ranges, establishing correlations between EMF exposure and biological effects on E. coli is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Askaripour
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Żak
- Department of Biomechatronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Pomorskie, Poland
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23
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Khodaverdi M, Mullinger MD, Shafer HR, Preston JC. Melica as an emerging model system for comparative studies in temperate Pooideae grasses. Ann Bot 2023; 132:1175-1190. [PMID: 37696761 PMCID: PMC10902897 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pooideae grasses contain some of the world's most important crop and forage species. Although much work has been conducted on understanding the genetic basis of trait diversification within a few annual Pooideae, comparative studies at the subfamily level are limited by a lack of perennial models outside 'core' Pooideae. We argue for development of the perennial non-core genus Melica as an additional model for Pooideae, and provide foundational data regarding the group's biogeography and history of character evolution. METHODS Supplementing available ITS and ndhF sequence data, we built a preliminary Bayesian-based Melica phylogeny, and used it to understand how the genus has diversified in relation to geography, climate and trait variation surveyed from various floras. We also determine biomass accumulation under controlled conditions for Melica species collected across different latitudes and compare inflorescence development across two taxa for which whole genome data are forthcoming. KEY RESULTS Our phylogenetic analyses reveal three strongly supported geographically structured Melica clades that are distinct from previously hypothesized subtribes. Despite less geographical affinity between clades, the two sister 'Ciliata' and 'Imperfecta' clades segregate from the more phylogenetically distant 'Nutans' clade in thermal climate variables and precipitation seasonality, with the 'Imperfecta' clade showing the highest levels of trait variation. Growth rates across Melica are positively correlated with latitude of origin. Variation in inflorescence morphology appears to be explained largely through differences in secondary branch distance, phyllotaxy and number of spikelets per secondary branch. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here and in previous studies suggest that Melica possesses many of the necessary features to be developed as an additional model for Pooideae grasses, including a relatively fast generation time, perenniality, and interesting variation in physiology and morphology. The next step will be to generate a genome-based phylogeny and transformation tools for functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Khodaverdi
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Mark D Mullinger
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Hannah R Shafer
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jill C Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 111 Jeffords Hall, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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24
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Glaser K, Kammann S, Plag N, Dressler M. Ecophysiological performance of terrestrial diatoms isolated from biocrusts of coastal sand dunes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1279151. [PMID: 38169811 PMCID: PMC10758497 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1279151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial diatoms are widespread in a large variety of habitats and are regularly recorded in biocrusts. Although diatoms have long been known to live in terrestrial habitats, only a few studies have focused on their diversity of ecophysiology. Here we present a study on the ecophysiological performance of five terrestrial diatom cultures from biocrusts, which were collected in sand dunes of the German coast of the Baltic Sea. The sampling sites were selected along a gradient of human impacts on the dunes. The richness of diatom species, roughly estimated from permanent slides, was around 30 species per sampling site. The species abundance was calculated in the same way revealing a high proportion of broken diatom frustules. All diatom cultures established in the laboratory showed no photoinhibition and high oxygen production along a light gradient. The desiccation tolerance differed among the strains, with high recovery observed for Hantzschia abundans and Achnanthes coarctata and low to no recovery for Pinnularia borealis and Pinnularia intermedia. The maximum growth rate for most strains was between 25 and 30°C. These temperatures can be easily reached in their natural environments. Nevertheless, during short-term exposure to elevated temperatures, oxygen production was recorded up to 35°C. Interestingly, two of five diatom cultures (Hantzschia abundans and Pinnularia borealis) produced mycosporine-like amino acids. These UV-protective substances are known from marine diatoms but not previously reported in terrestrial diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Glaser
- Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Kammann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Niklas Plag
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirko Dressler
- Department of Physical Geography, Institute for Geography and Geology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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25
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Wang X, Huang Z, Li C, Liu M, Yang G, Luo L, Rao Y, Shen Y, Wang J. Biological Characteristics of Beauveria majiangensis Strain MJ1015 and Optimization of Solid Medium Technology for Sporulation. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:377-389. [PMID: 37817297 PMCID: PMC10725162 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria majiangensis strain MJ1015, recently isolated from white grubs on a blueberry farm in Guizhou, China, could be used as a biocontrol agent. As a first step toward determining the effect of different solid culture media, temperature, and pH on colony growth rate and sporulation, we evaluated the optimum solid medium for mycelial growth and conidia production on a commercial scale. Subsequently, we also used single-factor analysis and response surface optimization to optimize the composition of the solid culture medium. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, MJ1015 grew fastest and produced the highest spore yield at 29°C and pH 5. The best solid medium for the growth and sporulation of strain MJ1015 comprised 64.70 g/l of rice, 13.00 g/l of wheat, 0.30 g/l of NaNO3, 0.36 g/l of K2HPO4 · 3H2O, and 1.00 g/l of CaCO3. Rice, NaNO3, and K2HPO4 · 3H2O were the main influencing factors. The predicted value of cultured spores using the optimal medium was 4.56 x 1010 conidia/l. The validation test results showed that the average growth rate of strain MJ1015 on the optimal medium was 85% and 96% faster than that on Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast extracts medium (SDAY) and PDA, respectively. Sporulation was 43.90 times and 9.65 times of that produced on SDAY and PDA, respectively. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the commercial production of B. majiangensis to control white grubs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Congchun Li
- Guangrao Vocational School of Secondary Technical Education, Dongying, China
| | - Man Liu
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | | | - Lilin Luo
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongchao Rao
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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26
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Buescu J, Oliveira HM, Sousa M. Growth rate, evolutionary entropy and ageing across the tree of life. J Biol Dyn 2023; 17:2256766. [PMID: 37708171 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2023.2256766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The growth rate of a population serves as a measure of its Darwinian fitness, while its sensitivity indicates the intensity of selection. Generally, the sensitivity of r decreases with age, resulting in an expected increase in population mortality over time. However, this does not hold true for many populations, especially those exhibiting negative senescence. Both evolutionary entropy and its sensitivity serve as complementary measures for assessing fitness and the intensity of selection. The sensitivity of entropy is typically a convex function of age, implying stronger selection pressures in younger and older age groups. We show that the sensitivity functions of entropy exhibit a greater range of behaviours compared to those of the growth rate alone. This strongly suggests that evolutionary entropy offers an extremely valuable measure for capturing the diversity in aging patterns within populations, complementing what can be captured by the growth rate alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Buescu
- Mathematics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Mathematics, Fundamental Applications, Computation and Operational Research, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique M Oliveira
- Mathematics Department, Technical Institute of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Mathematical Analysis Geometry and Dynamical Systems, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- Center for Mathematical Analysis Geometry and Dynamical Systems, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Ponce DA, Scheyer TM, Cerda IA, Desojo JB. Palaeobiological inferences of "rauisuchians" Fasolasuchus tenax (Los Colorados Fm., Argentina) and Prestosuchus chiniquensis (Santa Maria Super sequence, Brazil) from the Middle-Upper Triassic of South America based on microstructural analyses. J Anat 2023; 243:893-909. [PMID: 37519277 PMCID: PMC10641045 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
"Rauisuchia" is a non-monophyletic group of quadrupedal and carnivorous pseudosuchians that inhabited the entire world during the Middle-Upper Triassic period (Anisian/Ladinian-Rhaetian). In South America, "rauisuchians" reached the largest sizes among continental carnivores. Despite their important ecological role, some aspects of their palaeobiology have been poorly examined. Here, we study appendicular bones, dorsal ribs and osteoderms of two genera, the Argentinean Fasolasuchus tenax (PVL 3850, holotype) and the Brazilian Prestosuchus chiniquensis (SNSB-BSPG AS XXV) respectively. The femur of F. tenax is formed by laminar fibrolamellar bone, which is composed of non-fully monorefringent woven-fibred matrix and primary osteons; the dorsal rib has a Haversian bone composition with an external fundamental system recorded and the osteoderm is formed by well-organised parallel-fibred bone. The femur, humerus and fibula of P. chiniquensis are mostly composed of strongly arranged parallel-fibred bone and a laminar vascularisation. The minimal ages obtained correspond to 9 years for F. tenax (based on the maximum number of growth marks in the osteoderm) and 4 years for P. chiniquensis (obtained from the highest count of growth marks in the femur and in the humerus). F. tenax attained somatic and skeletal maturity, while P. chiniquensis was near to reaching skeletal and sexual maturity, but it was somatically immature. The overall rapid growth rate and the high and uniform vascularisation seems to imply that these features are common in most of "rauisuchians", except in P. chiniquensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología (IIPG), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, General Roca, Argentina
- Museo Provincial 'Carlos Ameghino', Cipolletti, Argentina
| | | | - Ignacio A Cerda
- Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología (IIPG), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, General Roca, Argentina
| | - Julia B Desojo
- CONICET-División Paleontología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Munguia-Soto EO, Golubov J, Mandujano MC. Bee Assemblage in the Southern Chihuahuan Desert: The Role of Season, Year, and Trap Color in Abundance. Insects 2023; 14:875. [PMID: 37999075 PMCID: PMC10671961 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing how populations fluctuate over time is a crucial factor in determining the environmental elements affecting population persistence. However, the limited information on wild bee populations complicates the estimation of the impact of anthropogenic threats leading to changes in population size. To address this, we conducted a study capturing and monitoring nine species of wild bees through monthly samplings over four years. Tray traps were placed in permanent plots, and capture records were used to determine population size (N) and density (D). A generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to determine how the use of traps affected bee species captures. The families Apidae and Halictidae represented the most captures. Apis mellifera, the Lasioglossum (Dialictus spp.) complex, and Macrotera sinaloana exhibited the largest number of captures and highest population density. Most species (77.7%) showed a tendency to remain constant over the years and to have a higher number of captures in the spring months. Moreover, yellow traps were the most effective in capturing bee individuals. We suggest that the availability of essential resources and the reduction in environmental stressors positively affected the capture of wild bee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban O. Munguia-Soto
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco (UAM-X), Calzada del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04960, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Sistemática y Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco (UAM-X), Calzada Del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, Ciudad de Mexico 04960, Mexico;
- Departamento Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Jordan Golubov
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Sistemática y Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco (UAM-X), Calzada Del Hueso 1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, Ciudad de Mexico 04960, Mexico;
| | - María C. Mandujano
- Departamento Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
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29
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Shen Y, Gao F, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zheng J, Gong J, Zhang J, Luo Z, Schindler D, Deng Y, Ding W, Lin T, Swidah R, Zhao H, Jiang S, Zeng C, Chen S, Chen T, Wang Y, Luo Y, Mitchell L, Bader JS, Zhang G, Shen X, Wang J, Fu X, Dai J, Boeke JD, Yang H, Xu X, Cai Y. Dissecting aneuploidy phenotypes by constructing Sc2.0 chromosome VII and SCRaMbLEing synthetic disomic yeast. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100364. [PMID: 38020968 PMCID: PMC10667312 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Aneuploidy compromises genomic stability, often leading to embryo inviability, and is frequently associated with tumorigenesis and aging. Different aneuploid chromosome stoichiometries lead to distinct transcriptomic and phenotypic changes, making it helpful to study aneuploidy in tightly controlled genetic backgrounds. By deploying the engineered SCRaMbLE (synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by loxP-mediated evolution) system to the newly synthesized megabase Sc2.0 chromosome VII (synVII), we constructed a synthetic disomic yeast and screened hundreds of SCRaMbLEd derivatives with diverse chromosomal rearrangements. Phenotypic characterization and multi-omics analysis revealed that fitness defects associated with aneuploidy could be restored by (1) removing most of the chromosome content or (2) modifying specific regions in the duplicated chromosome. These findings indicate that both chromosome copy number and specific chromosomal regions contribute to the aneuploidy-related phenotypes, and the synthetic chromosome resource opens new paradigms in studying aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Changzhou 213299, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Gao
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yun Wang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Changzhou 213299, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuerong Wang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ju Zheng
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | | | | | - Zhouqing Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Center for Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Daniel Schindler
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Yang Deng
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Weichao Ding
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Lin
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Reem Swidah
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Hongcui Zhao
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Changzhou 213299, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuangying Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Center for Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Center for Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Tai Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Changzhou 213299, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yong Wang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yisha Luo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Leslie Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guojie Zhang
- University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xia Shen
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xian Fu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Changzhou 213299, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Center for Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | | | - Xun Xu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI Research, Changzhou 213299, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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Landry MR, Stukel MR, Selph KE, Goericke R. Coexisting picoplankton experience different relative grazing pressures across an ocean productivity gradient. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220771120. [PMID: 37871180 PMCID: PMC10622918 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220771120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Picophytoplankton populations [Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus (SYN), and picoeukaryotes] are dominant primary producers in the open ocean and projected to become more important with climate change. Their fates can vary, however, with microbial food web complexities. In the California Current Ecosystem, picophytoplankton biomass and abundance peak in waters of intermediate productivity and decrease at higher production. Using experimental data from eight cruises crossing the pronounced CCE trophic gradient, we tested the hypothesis that these declines are driven by intensified grazing on heterotrophic bacteria (HBAC) passed to similarly sized picophytoplankton via shared predators. Results confirm previously observed distributions as well as significant increases in bacterial abundance, cell growth, and grazing mortality with primary production. Mortalities of picophytoplankton, however, diverge from the bacterial mortality trend such that relative grazing rates on SYN compared to HBAC decline by 12-fold between low and high productivity waters. The large shifts in mortality rate ratios for coexisting populations are not explained by size variability but rather suggest high selectivity of grazer assemblages or tightly coupled tradeoffs in microbial growth advantages and grazing vulnerabilities. These findings challenge the long-held view that protistan grazing mainly determines overall biomass of microbial communities while viruses uniquely regulate diversity by "killing the winners".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Landry
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA92093
| | - Michael R. Stukel
- Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32306
| | - Karen E. Selph
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI96822
| | - Ralf Goericke
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA92093
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31
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Hu XP, Schroeder S, Lercher MJ. Proteome efficiency of metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli increases along the nutrient flow. mSystems 2023; 8:e0076023. [PMID: 37795991 PMCID: PMC10654084 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00760-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Protein translation is the most expensive cellular process in fast-growing bacteria, and efficient proteome usage should thus be under strong natural selection. However, recent studies show that a considerable part of the proteome is unneeded for instantaneous cell growth in Escherichia coli. We still lack a systematic understanding of how this excess proteome is distributed across different pathways as a function of the growth conditions. We estimated the minimal required proteome across growth conditions in E. coli and compared the predictions with experimental data. We found that the proteome allocated to the most expensive internal pathways, including translation and the synthesis of amino acids and cofactors, is near the minimally required levels. In contrast, transporters and central carbon metabolism show much higher proteome levels than the predicted minimal abundance. Our analyses show that the proteome fraction unneeded for instantaneous cell growth decreases along the nutrient flow in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pan Hu
- Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Schroeder
- Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin J. Lercher
- Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Gervaz WR, Leonardo AF, Hashimoto DT, Allaman IB, Lattanzi GR, Reis Neto RV. Dynamics of Growth in Purebred Pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus) and Tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum), and Their Reciprocal Hybrids, under Varied Feeding Programs: Insights from Nonlinear Models. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1976. [PMID: 37895325 PMCID: PMC10606663 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the growth performance of pacu and tambaqui and their reciprocal hybrids (tambacu and paqui) under different feeding programs. We raised 30 individuals from each species and their respective crosses, distributing them into three replicate cages with 10 individuals each. Throughout the 5-month experimental period, the fish were weighed six times while exposed to diverse feeding regimens involving three commercial diets with varying combinations of crude protein (CP) levels: 24%, 28%, and 32%. Growth curves were adjusted using nonlinear models. The evaluation period was insufficient for adjusting the logistic model for the tambaqui and paqui treatments with the highest initial protein intake. Pure pacu had a higher (p < 0.05) growth rate (k = 0.0185) than in the tambacu hybrid (k = 0.0134) and proved to have an early performance since animals from this group reached their weight at inflection faster. Despite growing more slowly, tambacu reached a higher (p < 0.05) final weight (A = 1137.12) than in the pacu (A = 889.12). Among the feeding programs, animals that received less CP showed greater growth potential; however, longer evaluation is important to verify if the initial CP intake has no significant positive effect on fish growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woshinghton Rocha Gervaz
- UNESP Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (W.R.G.); (D.T.H.); (G.R.L.)
| | - Antônio Fernando Leonardo
- São Paulo Agribusiness Technology Agency (APTA), Regional Polo of Vale do Ribeira, Rodovia BR 116, km 460, São Paulo 11900-000, Brazil;
| | - Diogo Teruo Hashimoto
- UNESP Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (W.R.G.); (D.T.H.); (G.R.L.)
| | - Ivan Bezerra Allaman
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Jorge Amado Highway, km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, Ilhéus-Bahia 45662-900, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi Lattanzi
- UNESP Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (W.R.G.); (D.T.H.); (G.R.L.)
| | - Rafael Vilhena Reis Neto
- UNESP Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; (W.R.G.); (D.T.H.); (G.R.L.)
- UNESP Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Vale do Ribeira—Campus of Registro, Avenida Nelson Brihi Badur 430, Registro 11900-000, Brazil
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Knape J, Paquet M, Arlt D, Kačergytė I, Pärt T. Partitioning variance in population growth for models with environmental and demographic stochasticity. J Anim Ecol 2023; 92:1979-1991. [PMID: 37491892 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
How demographic factors lead to variation or change in growth rates can be investigated using life table response experiments (LTRE) based on structured population models. Traditionally, LTREs focused on decomposing the asymptotic growth rate, but more recently decompositions of annual 'realized' growth rates using 'transient' LTREs have gained in popularity. Transient LTREs have been used particularly to understand how variation in vital rates translate into variation in growth for populations under long-term study. For these, complete population models may be constructed to investigate how temporal variation in environmental drivers affect vital rates. Such investigations have usually come down to estimating covariate coefficients for the effects of environmental variables on vital rates, but formal ways of assessing how they lead to variation in growth rates have been lacking. We extend transient LTREs to further partition the contributions from vital rates into contributions from temporally varying factors that affect them. The decomposition allows one to compare the resultant effect on the growth rate of different environmental factors, as well as density dependence, which may each act via multiple vital rates. We also show how realized growth rates can be decomposed into separate components from environmental and demographic stochasticity. The latter is typically omitted in LTRE analyses. We illustrate these extensions with an integrated population model (IPM) for data from a 26 years study on northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe), a migratory passerine bird breeding in an agricultural landscape. For this population, consisting of around 50-120 breeding pairs per year, we partition variation in realized growth rates into environmental contributions from temperature, rainfall, population density and unexplained random variation via multiple vital rates, and from demographic stochasticity. The case study suggests that variation in first year survival via the unexplained random component, and adult survival via temperature are two main factors behind environmental variation in growth rates. More than half of the variation in growth rates is suggested to come from demographic stochasticity, demonstrating the importance of this factor for populations of moderate size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Knape
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Paquet
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence, France
| | - Debora Arlt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ineta Kačergytė
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Pärt
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Szatkowska R, Furmanek E, Kierzek AM, Ludwig C, Adamczyk M. Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Spotlight: Maintaining Balanced RNAP III Activity Ensures Cellular Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14763. [PMID: 37834211 PMCID: PMC10572830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) holoenzyme activity and the processing of its products have been linked to several metabolic dysfunctions in lower and higher eukaryotes. Alterations in the activity of RNAP III-driven synthesis of non-coding RNA cause extensive changes in glucose metabolism. Increased RNAP III activity in the S. cerevisiae maf1Δ strain is lethal when grown on a non-fermentable carbon source. This lethal phenotype is suppressed by reducing tRNA synthesis. Neither the cause of the lack of growth nor the underlying molecular mechanism have been deciphered, and this area has been awaiting scientific explanation for a decade. Our previous proteomics data suggested mitochondrial dysfunction in the strain. Using model mutant strains maf1Δ (with increased tRNA abundance) and rpc128-1007 (with reduced tRNA abundance), we collected data showing major changes in the TCA cycle metabolism of the mutants that explain the phenotypic observations. Based on 13C flux data and analysis of TCA enzyme activities, the present study identifies the flux constraints in the mitochondrial metabolic network. The lack of growth is associated with a decrease in TCA cycle activity and downregulation of the flux towards glutamate, aspartate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the metabolic intermediate feeding the gluconeogenic pathway. rpc128-1007, the strain that is unable to increase tRNA synthesis due to a mutation in the C128 subunit, has increased TCA cycle activity under non-fermentable conditions. To summarize, cells with non-optimal activity of RNAP III undergo substantial adaptation to a new metabolic state, which makes them vulnerable under specific growth conditions. Our results strongly suggest that balanced, non-coding RNA synthesis that is coupled to glucose signaling is a fundamental requirement to sustain a cell's intracellular homeostasis and flexibility under changing growth conditions. The presented results provide insight into the possible role of RNAP III in the mitochondrial metabolism of other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Szatkowska
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chair of Drugs and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.)
| | - Emil Furmanek
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chair of Drugs and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.)
| | - Andrzej M. Kierzek
- Certara UK Limited, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK;
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Malgorzata Adamczyk
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Chair of Drugs and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.)
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Zhang M, Wang P, Li C, Segev O, Wang J, Wang X, Yue L, Jiang X, Sheng Y, Levy A, Jiang C, Chen F. Comparative genomic analysis reveals differential genomic characteristics and featured genes between rapid- and slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243371. [PMID: 37808319 PMCID: PMC10551460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a major category of environmental bacteria in nature that can be divided into rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) based on their distinct growth rates. To explore differential molecular mechanisms between RGM and SGM is crucial to understand their survival state, environmental/host adaptation and pathogenicity. Comparative genomic analysis provides a powerful tool for deeply investigating differential molecular mechanisms between them. However, large-scale comparative genomic analysis between RGM and SGM is still uncovered. Methods In this study, we screened 335 high-quality, non-redundant NTM genome sequences covering 187 species from 3,478 online NTM genomes, and then performed a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis to identify differential genomic characteristics and featured genes/protein domains between RGM and SGM. Results Our findings reveal that RGM has a larger genome size, more genes, lower GC content, and more featured genes/protein domains in metabolism of some main substances (e.g. carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, ions, and coenzymes), energy metabolism, signal transduction, replication, transcription, and translation processes, which are essential for its rapid growth requirements. On the other hand, SGM has a smaller genome size, fewer genes, higher GC content, and more featured genes/protein domains in lipid and secondary metabolite metabolisms and cellular defense mechanisms, which help enhance its genome stability and environmental adaptability. Additionally, orthogroup analysis revealed the important roles of bacterial division and bacteriophage associated genes in RGM and secretion system related genes for better environmental adaptation in SGM. Notably, PCoA analysis of the top 20 genes/protein domains showed precision classification between RGM and SGM, indicating the credibility of our screening/classification strategies. Discussion Overall, our findings shed light on differential underlying molecular mechanisms in survival state, adaptation and pathogenicity between RGM and SGM, show the potential for our comparative genomic pipeline to investigate differential genes/protein domains at whole genomic level across different bacterial species on a large scale, and provide an important reference and improved understanding of NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peihan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Ofir Segev
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Institute of Environmental Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Asaf Levy
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Institute of Environmental Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
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36
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Soyalp S, Hartono E, Willems OW, Bai X, Wood BJ, Aggrey SE, Rekaya R. Growth Rate Distribution and Potential Non-Linear Relationship between Body Weight and Walking Ability in Turkeys. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2979. [PMID: 37760379 PMCID: PMC10525933 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential non-linear relationship between growth and walking ability (WA). The phenotypic data included body weights at 12 and 20 weeks and WA at 20 weeks of age measured on 276,059 male turkeys. The growth rate at three age periods (0 to 12, 12 to 20 and 0 to 20 weeks) was calculated. Each bird was assigned to one of the quartiles of the growth rate distribution for each age period. Between the first and fourth quartiles, the incidence of score 1 (bad WA) increased by 31, 18, and 33% for the first, second, and third age periods, respectively. For good WA (scores 4, 5, and 6), the incidence decreased by 55, 66, and 72% between the first and fourth quartiles for the first, second, and third age periods, respectively. Estimates of heritability of WA ranged between 0.18 and 0.26. The genetic correlations between adjacent growth rate quartiles were high and decayed as the interval between quartiles increased. The magnitude of the variation in the incidence of walking scores and genetic correlations across the growth rate quartiles point towards a non-linear relationship between growth and mobility suggesting other factors may affect walking ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Soyalp
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Evan Hartono
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Xuechun Bai
- Hybrid Turkeys, Kitchener, ON N2K 352, Canada (X.B.)
| | - Benjamin J. Wood
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Samuel E. Aggrey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Romdhane Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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37
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Lescano MR, Macagno J, Berli CLA. Model-Based Analysis of Lactuca sativa Root Growth under the Action of Herbicides in Milli-Channel Arrays with In Situ Imaging. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:13255-13262. [PMID: 37651710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracting practical information from the large amounts of data gathered during the live imaging analysis of plant organs is a challenging issue. The present work investigates the use of the logistic growth model to analyze experimental data from root elongation assays performed in milli-fluidic devices with in situ imaging. Lactuca sativa was used as a bioindicator and was subjected to wide concentration ranges of four different herbicides: 2,4-D, atrazine, glyphosate, and paraquat. The model parameters were directly connected to standard indicators of toxicity and plant development, such as the LD50 and the absolute growth rate, respectively. In addition, it was found that realistic predictions of the maximum root length can be achieved about 60 h before the bioassay end point, which could significantly shorten the turnaround time. The combination of milli-fluidic devices, real-time imaging, and model-based data analysis becomes a powerful tool for environmental studies and ecotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia R Lescano
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, RN 168, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Joana Macagno
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, RN 168, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Claudio L A Berli
- INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET), Predio CCT CONICET Santa Fe, RN 168, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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38
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Zhang X, Gao K, Wang Z, Hu X, Wang J, Nie Z. In Situ SEM, TEM, EBSD Characterization of Nucleation and Early Growth of Pure Fe/Pure Al Intermetallic Compounds. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6022. [PMID: 37687715 PMCID: PMC10489032 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth processes of pure Fe/pure Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during heat treatment at 380 °C and 520 °C were observed through in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size of the IMCs were statistically analyzed using image analysis software. The types and distribution of IMCs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that: at 380 °C, the primary phase of the Fe/Al composite intermetallic compounds was Fe4Al13, formed on the Fe side and habituated with Fe. The IMC was completely transformed from the initial Fe4Al13 to the most stable Fe2Al5, and the Fe2Al5 was the habitus with Fe during the process of holding at 380 °C for 15 min to 60 min. At 380 °C, the initial growth rate of the IMC was controlled by reaction, and the growth rate of the thickness and horizontal dimensions was basically the same as 0.02-0.17 μm/min. When the IMC layer thickness reached 4.5 μm, the growth rate of the thickness changed from reaction control to diffusion control and decreased to 0.007 μm/min. After heat treatment at 520 °C (≤20 min), the growth of IMC was still controlled by the reaction, the horizontal growth rate was 0.53 μm/min, the thickness growth rate was 0.23 μm/min, and the main phase of the IMC was the Fe2Al5 phase at 520 °C/20 min.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunyuan Gao
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.N.)
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Jensen B. Patterns of basidiocarp growth in oak mazegill ( Daedalea quercina, Polyporales) revealed by experimental and natural perturbations. Mycologia 2023; 115:648-660. [PMID: 37478014 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2227553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In Polyporales, the pore field immediately behind the basidiocarp margin may configure the hymenophore. Basidiocarp growth is not restricted to the margin, however. Here, the importance of the pore field was assessed from two years' of observations on naturally occurring oak mazegill (Daedalea quercina, Polyporales) basidiocarps and tested by experimental perturbations in natural habitats. Oak mazegill was chosen because the formed hymenophore has a unique and stable combination of poroid and lamellate features. Whether the pore field is required for basidiocarp growth was tested in 10 basidiocarps in which one side was resected. New growth was observed in six basidiocarps, and it occurred equally from the cut hymenophore and the intact pore field. New formation of hymenophore and pileus even occurred in seven out of 10 basidiocarps that had the entire pore field resected. Whether the hymenophore is configured permanently was tested on 54 basidiocarps on 10 trunks that were turned upside down. A new hymenophore grew through the old pileus, often far from the pore field, and its hymenophore configuration was invariably poroid despite the old hymenophore had lamellate features. In 48 experimentally banded basidiocarps, new hymenophore grew in the insertion hole of the band despite this being far from the pore field. The banded basidiocarps grew at an average rate of 5 mm per year. In conclusion, the capacity to configure the hymenophore is not confined to the pore field and it could be broadly present in the basidiocarp, possibly due to ubiquitous hyphal totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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De Jong MJ, Alton LA, White CR, O'Bryan MK, Chapple DG, Wong BBM. Long-term effects of incubation temperature on growth and thermal physiology in a small ectotherm. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220137. [PMID: 37427479 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal conditions in the developmental environment can substantially affect an individual's phenotype, particularly in egg-laying ectotherms. However, whether these effects persist into adulthood is rarely examined. To investigate this, we incubated delicate skink, Lampropholis delicata, eggs at either cool (22°C), mild (26°C) or hot (30°C) temperatures. After hatching, we measured growth, thermal performance curves of locomotor activity, and thermal sensitivity of resting metabolic rate of offspring as juveniles (4-6 weeks of age), sub-adults (approx. 200 days of age), and adults (approx. 2 years of age), and then measured developmental temperature impacts on male fertility. Incubation temperature had a lasting effect on growth and locomotor performance, with cool and hot incubation temperatures resulting in faster growth and larger maximum size, and hot incubation temperatures reducing locomotor performance at all timepoints. Effects on resting metabolic rate were only present in sub-adults, with a higher metabolic rate at high and average body mass and negative metabolic scaling exponent in cool-incubated lizards. Additionally, cool and hot incubation treatments resulted in shorter sperm midpieces and heads. Incubation temperature did not affect testis mass or sperm count. Overall, our results demonstrate that incubation temperature can have lasting effects on later life stages, highlighting the importance of maternal nest-site selection, but that some effects are age dependent. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J De Jong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lesley A Alton
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Craig R White
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and BIO21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Zhou N, Wist T, Prager SM. Development of economic thresholds for pea aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) management in lentil (Fabaceae) based on in-field insecticide efficacy trials. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:1233-1242. [PMID: 37402614 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphom pisum Harris, Hemiptera: Aphididae) presents a significant economic challenge to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production in the major growing region of Saskatchewan, Canada. During 2019-2020, field experiments were conducted to optimize the management tools for pea aphid control on lentils. A randomized split-plot design was used with main plots consisting of different pea aphid pressures and subplots consisting of different insecticide treatments. The main plot design was aimed to assess the impact of A. pisum feeding on lentil yields during the late vegetative to early reproductive stages. Subplots of the study evaluated the efficacy of 3 insecticides in suppressing pea aphid populations on lentils. Lentil is susceptible to A. pisum feeding and requires management at low pest densities. The economic threshold for pea aphids on lentil crops varied depending on environmental conditions, ranging from 20 to 66 aphids per sweep, calculated using a discrete daily growth rate of 1.116. The estimated economic thresholds provided a 7-day lead time before aphid populations achieved the economic injury level (EIL). The EIL was defined as 78 ± 14 aphids per sweep net sample or 743 ± 137 cumulative aphid days from the first aphid present in the field. In addition, the results of the study found that, on average, foliar applications of insecticides containing the pyrethroid active ingredient lambda-cyhalothrin (IRAC group: 3A) reduced pea aphid populations by 83% compared with untreated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxing Zhou
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8 SK, Canada
| | - Tyler Wist
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, S7N 0X2 SK, Canada
| | - Sean M Prager
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, S7N 5A8 SK, Canada
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Jewell MD, van Moorsel SJ, Bell G. Presence of microbiome decreases fitness and modifies phenotype in the aquatic plant Lemna minor. AoB Plants 2023; 15:plad026. [PMID: 37426173 PMCID: PMC10327544 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants live in close association with microbial organisms that inhabit the environment in which they grow. Much recent work has aimed to characterize these plant-microbiome interactions, identifying those associations that increase growth. Although most work has focused on terrestrial plants, Lemna minor, a floating aquatic angiosperm, is increasingly used as a model in host-microbe interactions and many bacterial associations have been shown to play an important role in supporting plant fitness. However, the ubiquity and stability of these interactions as well as their dependence on specific abiotic environmental conditions remain unclear. Here, we assess the impact of a full L. minor microbiome on plant fitness and phenotype by assaying plants from eight natural sites, with and without their microbiomes, over a range of abiotic environmental conditions. We find that the microbiome systematically suppressed plant fitness, although the magnitude of this effect varied among plant genotypes and depended on the abiotic environment. Presence of the microbiome also resulted in phenotypic changes, with plants forming smaller colonies and producing smaller fronds and shorter roots. Differences in phenotype among plant genotypes were reduced when the microbiome was removed, as were genotype by environment interactions, suggesting that the microbiome plays a role in mediating the plant phenotypic response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia J van Moorsel
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Graham Bell
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 ave Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C4, Canada
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Manes C, Herren RM, Page A, Dunlap FD, Skibicki CA, Rollinson Ramia DR, Farrell JA, Capua I, Carthy RR, Duffy DJ. Green Turtle Fibropapillomatosis: Tumor Morphology and Growth Rate in a Rehabilitation Setting. Vet Sci 2023; 10:421. [PMID: 37505827 PMCID: PMC10383401 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease most often found in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Afflicted turtles are burdened with potentially debilitating tumors concentrated externally on the soft tissues, plastron, and eyes and internally on the lungs, kidneys, and the heart. Clinical signs occur at various levels, ranging from mild disease to severe debilitation. Tumors can both progress and regress in affected turtles, with outcomes ranging from death due to the disease to complete regression. Since its official description in the scientific literature in 1938, tumor growth rates have been rarely documented. In addition, FP tumors come in two very different morphologies; yet, to our knowledge, there have been no quantified differences in growth rates between tumor types. FP tumors are often rugose in texture, with a polypoid to papillomatous morphology, and may or may not be pedunculated. In other cases, tumors are smooth, with a skin-like surface texture and little to no papillose structures. In our study, we assessed growth-rate differences between rugose and smooth tumor morphologies in a rehabilitation setting. We measured average biweekly tumor growth over time in green turtles undergoing rehabilitation at the University of Florida Whitney Laboratory Sea Turtle Hospital in St. Augustine, Florida, and compared growth between rugose and smooth tumors. Our results demonstrate that both rugose and smooth tumors follow a similar active growth progression pattern, but rugose tumors grew at significantly faster rates (p = 0.013) than smooth ones. We also documented regression across several examined tumors, ranging from -0.19% up to -10.8% average biweekly negative growth. Our study offers a first-ever assessment of differential growth between tumor morphologies and an additional diagnostic feature that may lead to a more comprehensive understanding and treatment of the disease. We support the importance of tumor morphological categorization (rugose versus smooth) being documented in future FP hospital- and field-based health assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Manes
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Richard M Herren
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA
| | - Annie Page
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Faith D Dunlap
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Devon R Rollinson Ramia
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
| | - Jessica A Farrell
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
| | - Ilaria Capua
- School of Advanced International Studies, John Hopkins University, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Raymond R Carthy
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David J Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience and Sea Turtle Hospital, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL 32080, USA
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Shang X, Su X, Liu H, Hao H, Li S, Dai D, Li M, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Xu Y, Ni H, Niu Z. Annealing-Modulated Surface Reconstruction for Self-Assembly of High-Density Uniform InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots on Large Wafers Substrate. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1959. [PMID: 37446475 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed pre-grown annealing to form β2 reconstruction sites among β or α (2 × 4) reconstruction phase to promote nucleation for high-density, size/wafer-uniform, photoluminescence (PL)-optimal InAs quantum dot (QD) growth on a large GaAs wafer. Using this, the QD density reached 580 (860) μm-2 at a room-temperature (T) spectral FWHM of 34 (41) meV at the wafer center (and surrounding) (high-rate low-T growth). The smallest FWHM reached 23.6 (24.9) meV at a density of 190 (260) μm-2 (low-rate high-T). The mediate rate formed uniform QDs in the traditional β phase, at a density of 320 (400) μm-2 and a spectral FWHM of 28 (34) meV, while size-diverse QDs formed in β2 at a spectral FWHM of 92 (68) meV and a density of 370 (440) μm-2. From atomic-force-microscope QD height distribution and T-dependent PL spectroscopy, it is found that compared to the dense QDs grown in β phase (mediate rate, 320 μm-2) with the most large dots (240 μm-2), the dense QDs grown in β2 phase (580 μm-2) show many small dots with inter-dot coupling in favor of unsaturated filling and high injection to large dots for PL. The controllable annealing (T, duration) forms β2 or β2-mixed α or β phase in favor of a wafer-uniform dot island and the faster T change enables optimal T for QD growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangbin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiming Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shulun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deyan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiqiao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhichuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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45
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Gonzalez JM, Aranda B. Microbial Growth under Limiting Conditions-Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1641. [PMID: 37512814 PMCID: PMC10383181 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms rule the functioning of our planet and each one of the individual macroscopic living creature. Nevertheless, microbial activity and growth status have always been challenging tasks to determine both in situ and in vivo. Microbial activity is generally related to growth, and the growth rate is a result of the availability of nutrients under adequate or adverse conditions faced by microbial cells in a changing environment. Most studies on microorganisms have been carried out under optimum or near-optimum growth conditions, but scarce information is available about microorganisms at slow-growing states (i.e., near-zero growth and maintenance metabolism). This study aims to better understand microorganisms under growth-limiting conditions. This is expected to provide new perspectives on the functions and relevance of the microbial world. This is because (i) microorganisms in nature frequently face conditions of severe growth limitation, (ii) microorganisms activate singular pathways (mostly genes remaining to be functionally annotated), resulting in a broad range of secondary metabolites, and (iii) the response of microorganisms to slow-growth conditions remains to be understood, including persistence strategies, gene expression, and cell differentiation both within clonal populations and due to the complexity of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Gonzalez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IRNAS-CSIC, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Aranda
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IRNAS-CSIC, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
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46
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Zillig KW, FitzGerald AM, Lusardi RA, Cocherell DE, Fangue NA. Intraspecific variation among Chinook Salmon populations indicates physiological adaptation to local environmental conditions. Conserv Physiol 2023; 11:coad044. [PMID: 37346267 PMCID: PMC10281501 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding interpopulation variation is important to predicting species responses to climate change. Recent research has revealed interpopulation variation among several species of Pacific salmonids; however, the environmental drivers of population differences remain elusive. We tested for local adaptation and countergradient variation by assessing interpopulation variation among six populations of fall-run Chinook Salmon from the western United States. Juvenile fish were reared at three temperatures (11, 16 and 20°C), and five physiological metrics were measured (routine and maximum metabolic rate, aerobic scope, growth rate and critical thermal maximum). We then tested associations between these physiological metrics and 15 environmental characteristics (e.g. rearing temperature, latitude, migration distance, etc.). Statistical associations between the five physiological metrics and 15 environmental characteristics supported our hypotheses of local adaptation. Notably, latitude was a poor predictor of population physiology. Instead, our results demonstrate that populations from warmer habitats exhibit higher thermal tolerance (i.e. critical thermal maxima), faster growth when warm acclimated and greater aerobic capacity at high temperatures. Additionally, populations with longer migrations exhibit higher metabolic capacity. However, overall metabolic capacity declined with warm acclimation, indicating that future climate change may reduce metabolic capacity, negatively affecting long-migrating populations. Linking physiological traits to environmental characteristics enables flexible, population-specific management of disparate populations in response to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Zillig
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alyssa M FitzGerald
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Robert A Lusardi
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dennis E Cocherell
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Corresponding author: One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: +1 (530) 752-4997.
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47
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Padovan AC, Turnbull AR, Nowland SJ, Osborne MWJ, Kaestli M, Seymour JR, Gibb KS. Growth of V. parahaemolyticus in Tropical Blacklip Rock Oysters. Pathogens 2023; 12:834. [PMID: 37375524 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a significant food safety risk worldwide, and understanding its growth in commercially cultivated oysters, especially at temperatures likely to be encountered post-harvest, provides essential information to provide the safe supply of oysters. The Blacklip Rock Oyster (BRO) is an emerging commercial species in tropical northern Australia and as a warm water species, it is potentially exposed to Vibrio spp. In order to determine the growth characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in BRO post-harvest, four V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from oysters were injected into BROs and the level of V. parahaemolyticus was measured at different time points in oysters stored at four temperatures. Estimated growth rates were -0.001, 0.003, 0.032, and 0.047 log10 CFU/h at 4 °C, 13 °C, 18 °C, and 25 °C, respectively. The highest maximum population density of 5.31 log10 CFU/g was achieved at 18 °C after 116 h. There was no growth of V. parahaemolyticus at 4 °C, slow growth at 13 °C, but notably, growth occurred at 18 °C and 25 °C. Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth at 18 °C and 25 °C was not significantly different from each other but were significantly higher than at 13 °C (polynomial GLM model, interaction terms between time and temperature groups p < 0.05). Results support the safe storage of BROs at both 4 °C and 13 °C. This V. parahaemolyticus growth data will inform regulators and assist the Australian oyster industry to develop guidelines for BRO storage and transport to maximise product quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Padovan
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Alison R Turnbull
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS 7053, Australia
| | - Samantha J Nowland
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
- Aquaculture Unit, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - Matthew W J Osborne
- Aquaculture Unit, Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia
| | - Mirjam Kaestli
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Justin R Seymour
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Karen S Gibb
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
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48
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Schleicherová D, Prearo M, Di Nunno C, Santovito A. Effects of Glyphosate on Female Reproductive Output in the Marine Polychaete Worm Ophryotrocha diadema. Toxics 2023; 11:501. [PMID: 37368601 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely employed in agriculture. Exposure to this genotoxic and endocrine-disrupting compound has adverse effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and on humans as well. Here, we explored the effects of glyphosate on female reproductive output and somatic growth rate in the marine polychaete worm, Ophryotrocha diadema. Adult focal individuals were exposed to different concentrations of pure glyphosate (0.0, 0.125 0.250, 0.500, 1.000 µg/mL) administered once a week for 3 weeks. Toxic effects and mortalities were observed at the three higher concentrations, whereas only a decrease in growth rate was noted after exposure to 0.125 µg/mL, which did not affect female allocation. An area of focus in future studies should be the effects of contaminants, their metabolites, and ecologically relevant human-driven stressors in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dáša Schleicherová
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124 Torino, Italy
- IZS PLV, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- IZS PLV, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Crystal Di Nunno
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124 Torino, Italy
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49
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Wang TT, Hu J, Jiao HH, Liu Y, Zhou JH, Zhao YY, Yuan Y. [Effect of BBM gene on callus growth and ginsenoside content in Panax quinquefolius]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:3156-3161. [PMID: 37381998 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230313.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Baby Boom(BBM) gene is a key regulatory factor in embryonic development and regeneration, cell proliferation, callus growth, and differentiation promotion. Since the genetic transformation system of Panax quinquefolius is unstable with low efficiency and long period, this study attempted to transfer BBM gene of Zea mays to P. quinquefolius callus by gene gunship to investigate its effect on the callus growth and ginsenoside content, laying a foundation for establishing efficient genetic transformation system of P. quinquefolius. Four transgenic callus of P. quinquefolius with different transformation events were obtained by screening for glufosinate ammonium resistance and molecular identification by PCR. The growth state and growth rate of wild-type and transgenic callus were compared in the same growth period. The content of ginsenoside in transgenic callus was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that transgenic callus growth rate was significantly higher than that of wild-type callus. In addition, the content of ginsenoside Rb_1, Rg_1, Ro, and Re was significantly higher than that in wild-type callus. The paper preliminarily proved the function of BBM gene in promoting growth rate and increasing ginsenoside content, which provided a scientific basis to establish a stable and efficient genetic transformation system for Panax plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Teng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hong-Hong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
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50
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Lindsay RJ, Holder PJ, Talbot NJ, Gudelj I. Metabolic efficiency reshapes the seminal relationship between pathogen growth rate and virulence. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:896-907. [PMID: 37056166 PMCID: PMC10947253 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A cornerstone of classical virulence evolution theories is the assumption that pathogen growth rate is positively correlated with virulence, the amount of damage pathogens inflict on their hosts. Such theories are key for incorporating evolutionary principles into sustainable disease management strategies. Yet, empirical evidence raises doubts over this central assumption underpinning classical theories, thus undermining their generality and predictive power. In this paper, we identify a key component missing from current theories which redefines the growth-virulence relationship in a way that is consistent with data. By modifying the activity of a single metabolic gene, we engineered strains of Magnaporthe oryzae with different nutrient acquisition and growth rates. We conducted in planta infection studies and uncovered an unexpected non-monotonic relationship between growth rate and virulence that is jointly shaped by how growth rate and metabolic efficiency interact. This novel mechanistic framework paves the way for a much-needed new suite of virulence evolution theories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J. Talbot
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Ivana Gudelj
- Biosciences and Living Systems InstituteUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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