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Hackert J, Maßmann L, Sure U, Forsting M, Kleinschnitz C, Pul R, Hagenacker T. Immunotherapies in chronic adhesive arachnoiditis - A case series and literature review. eNeurologicalSci 2021; 24:100350. [PMID: 34195394 PMCID: PMC8225987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2021.100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic spinal adhesive arachnoiditis (CSAA) is a rare condition with limited therapeutic options. Surgical treatment proves effective in approximately 60% of cases. Conservative treatment options have not been extensively investigated. Here, we report the course of the disease, analyze the effect of immune treatments in patients with CSAA who were treated in the University Hospital Essen between 2015 and 2020, and conduct a literature review. Three out of four patients showed no improvement after treatment with corticosteroids, methotrexate, or plasmapheresis. All non-responders suffered from CSAA for several years, while one patient who had a disease duration of less than one month fully recovered. It is necessary to verify whether treatment at an early stage of the disease is better than treatment after chronic adhesion manifestation, as it interrupts the development of adhesions and all subsequent complications. Surgical treatment of CSAA patients proves effective in approx. 60% of cases. High-dose steroid treatment may be effective in early stages of CSAA. Only conservative therapy cannot be recommended in long-standing CSAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hackert
- University Medicine Essen, Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Louisa Maßmann
- University Medicine Essen, Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sure
- University Medicine Essen, Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- University Medicine Essen, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- University Medicine Essen, Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Refik Pul
- University Medicine Essen, Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- University Medicine Essen, Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Nevens F, Gustot T, Laterre PF, Lasser LL, Haralampiev LE, Vargas V, Lyubomirova D, Albillos A, Najimi M, Michel S, Stoykov I, Gordillo N, Vainilovich Y, Barthel V, Clerget-Chossat N, Sokal EM. A phase II study of human allogeneic liver-derived progenitor cell therapy for acute-on-chronic liver failure and acute decompensation. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100291. [PMID: 34169246 PMCID: PMC8207211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Human allogeneic liver-derived progenitor cells (HALPC, HepaStem®; Promethera Biosciences, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium) are an advanced therapy medicinal product that could potentially alleviate systemic inflammation and ameliorate liver function in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) or acute decompensation of cirrhosis (AD). Methods This open-label phase II study was conducted in 9 centres in Belgium, Spain, and Bulgaria between 2016 and 2019. The primary objective was to assess the safety of HALPC therapy up to Day 28 and the secondary objectives were to assess its safety and preliminary efficacy up to Month 3. Results The 24 treated patients (mean age: 51 years) were mostly male with an alcoholic cirrhosis. On pre-infusion Day 1, 15 patients had ACLF and 9 patients had AD. Two of the 3 initial patients treated with high HALPC doses (∼5×106 cells/kg body weight [BW]) had severe adverse bleeding events attributed to treatment. In 21 patients subsequently treated with lower HALPC doses (0.6 or 1.2×106 cells/kg BW, 1 or 2 times 7 days apart), no serious adverse events were related to treatment, and the other adverse events were in line with those expected in patients with ACLF and AD. Overall, markers of systemic inflammation and altered liver function decreased gradually for the surviving patients. The Day-28 and Month-3 survival rates were 83% (20/24) and 71% (17/24), and at Month 3, no patient had ACLF. Conclusions The treatment of patients with ACLF or AD with up to 2 doses of 1.2×106 HALPC/kg BW appeared safe. The results of this study support the initiation of a proof-of-concept study in a larger cohort of patients with ACLF to further confirm the safety and evaluate the efficacy of HALPC therapy. Clinical Trials Registration EudraCT 2016-001177-32. Lay summary Patients with liver cirrhosis may suffer from the rapid onset of organ failure or multiple organ failure associated with a high risk of death in the short term. This clinical study of 24 patients suggests that an advanced therapy based on the intravenous infusion of low doses of human allogeneic liver-derived progenitor cells is safe and supports the next phase of clinical development of this type of therapy.
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Key Words
- ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure
- AD, acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis
- AE, adverse event
- AESI, AE of special interest
- ATMP, advanced therapy medicinal product
- Alcoholic liver disease
- BW, body weight
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- EASL-CLIF, European Association for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure
- HALPC, human allogeneic liver-derived progenitor cells
- INR, international normalised ratio
- Liver regenerative medicine
- MELD, model for end-stage liver disease
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- SAE, serious AE
- SAS, safety analysis set
- SUSAR, suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction
- Stem cell
- TEG, thromboelastography
- TGT, thrombin generation test
- i.v., intravenous
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gustot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepato-Pancreatology, C.U.B. Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Luc L Lasser
- Gastroenterology Clinic, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hepatogastroenterology, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lyudmil E Haralampiev
- Department of Internal Diseases, Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment (MEDICA), Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Victor Vargas
- Liver Unit, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desislava Lyubomirova
- Department of Clinical Gastroenterology with Hepatology, Gastroenterology Clinic, University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment "Georgi Stranski", Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Agustin Albillos
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- UCLouvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Etienne M Sokal
- UCLouvain, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), Brussels, Belgium.,Promethera Biosciences, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium.,Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Pediatric Hepatology & Gastroenterology Unit, Brussels, Belgium
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Upert G, Luther A, Obrecht D, Ermert P. Emerging peptide antibiotics with therapeutic potential. Med Drug Discov 2021; 9:100078. [PMID: 33398258 PMCID: PMC7773004 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers some of the recent progress in the field of peptide antibiotics with a focus on compounds with novel or established mode of action and with demonstrated efficacy in animal infection models. Novel drug discovery approaches, linear and macrocyclic peptide antibiotics, lipopeptides like the polymyxins as well as peptides addressing targets located in the plasma membrane or in the outer membrane of bacterial cells are discussed.
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Key Words
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion – toxicity in pharmacokinetics
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- AMR, antimicrobial resistance
- ATCC, ATCC cell collection
- Antibiotic
- BAM, β-barrel assembly machinery
- CC50, cytotoxic concentration to kill 50% of cells
- CD, circular dichroism
- CFU, colony forming unit
- CLSI, clinical and laboratory standards institute
- CMS, colistin methane sulfonate
- DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- ESKAPE, acronym encompassing six bacterial pathogens (often carrying antibiotic resistance): Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp
- FDA, U. S. Food and Drug Administration
- HABP, hospital acquired bacterial pneumonia
- HDP, host-defense peptide
- HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293 cells
- HK-2, human kidney 2 cells (proximal tubular cell line)
- HepG2, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line
- Hpg, 4-hydroxy-phenyl glycine
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae metallo-β-lactamase C resistant
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LptA, lipopolysaccharide transport protein A
- LptC, lipopolysaccharide transport protein C
- LptD, lipopolysaccharide transport protein D
- MDR, multidrug-resistant
- MH-I, Müller-Hinton broth I
- MH-II, Müller-Hinton broth II (cation adjusted)
- MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration
- MRSA, methicilline-resistant S. aureus
- MSSA, methicilline-sensitive S. aureus
- MoA, mechanism (mode) of action
- NDM-1, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase resistant
- NOAEL, no adverse effect level
- ODL, odilorhabdin
- OMPTA (outer membrane targeting antibiotic)
- OMPTA, outer membrane targeting antibiotic
- Omp, outer membrane protein
- PBMC, peripheral mononuclear blood cell
- PBP, penicillin-binding protein
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- POPG, 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1-glycerol)
- PrAMPs, polyproline antimicrobial peptides
- RBC, red blood cell
- SAR, structure-activity relationship
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- SPase I, signal peptidase I
- VABP, ventilator associated bacterial pneumonia
- VIM-1, beta-lactamase 2 (K. pneumoniae)
- VISA, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus
- VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
- WHO, World Health Organization
- WT, wild type
- WTA, wall teichoic acid
- XDR, extremely drug-resistant
- antimicrobial peptide
- antimicrobial resistance
- bid, bis in die (two times a day)
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- i.v., intravenous
- lipopeptide
- mITT population, minimal intend-to-treat population
- peptide antibiotic
- s.c., subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Upert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anatol Luther
- Bachem AG, Hauptstrasse 114, 4416 Bubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Obrecht
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Ermert
- Polyphor Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 125, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Suzuki M, Yokota M, Kanemitsu Y, Min WP, Ozaki S, Nakamura Y. Intranasal administration of regulatory dendritic cells is useful for the induction of nasal mucosal tolerance in a mice model of allergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100447. [PMID: 32817781 PMCID: PMC7426451 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intranasally administered dendritic cells (DCs) migrate into blood and thymus to induce immune responses. Regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) are also useful agents for allergy control. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of intranasal administration of regulatory DCs on allergy have not been reported until now. Therefore, we examined the effects of intranasal route of administration of CD40-silenced DCs on allergic responses and compared these with the effects of other administration routes, based on our previous findings on the inhibitory effects of CD40-silenced DCs on allergic responses. Methods Mice with allergic rhinitis were treated intranasally, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously with CD40-silenced ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed DCs that were transfected with CD40 siRNAs and pulsed with OVA antigen. The effects of these DCs on allergic reactions and symptoms were estimated. Results Intranasal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous administration of OVA-pulsed CD40-silenced DCs inhibited allergic responses and symptoms in mice. Furthermore, intranasal administration of OVA-pulsed CD40-silenced DCs significantly reduced allergic symptoms and the number of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa compared with subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous administration of these DCs. Intranasal administration of OVA-pulsed CD40-silenced DCs resulted in significantly up-regulated IL-10, IL-35, and Foxp3 expression, and enhanced the percentage of CD11c+CD40− and CD4+CD25+ cells within the cervical lymph nodes compared to subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous routes of administration. Conclusions We believe that this is the first report to demonstrate that regulatory DCs infiltrate into the cervical lymph nodes after intranasal administration of these cells and that intranasal administration of regulatory DCs is more effective for the induction of tolerance in the nasal mucosa than subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Suzuki
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Yokota
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kanemitsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City, University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wei-Ping Min
- Departments of Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Shinya Ozaki
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Nakamura
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Zhang X, Zhang P, An L, Sun N, Peng L, Tang W, Ma D, Chen J. Miltirone induces cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cell through GSDME-dependent pyroptosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1397-413. [PMID: 32963939 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death, and recently described as a new molecular mechanism of chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of tumors. Miltirone, a derivative of phenanthrene-quinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been shown to possess anti-cancer activities. Here, we found that miltirone inhibited the cell viability of either HepG2 or Hepa1-6 cells, and induced the proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) in each hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, with concomitant cleavage of caspase 3. Knocking out GSDME switched miltirone-induced cell death from pyroptosis to apoptosis. Additionally, the induction effects of miltirone on GSDME-dependent pyroptosis were attenuated by siRNA-mediated caspase three silencing and the specific caspase three inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK, respectively. Miltirone effectively elicited intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) and extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) for pyroptosis induction. Moreover, miltirone significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced pyroptosis in the Hepa1-6 mouse HCC syngeneic model. These results provide a new insight that miltirone is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC via GSDME-dependent pyroptosis.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-aminoactinomycin D
- AKT, AKT serine/threonine kinase, also known as protein kinase B
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- BAX, BCL2-associated X
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Cas9, caspase 9
- Cell death
- DCFH-DA, dye 2,7-dichlorofluoresce diacetate
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- ERK1/2, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GSDMD, gasdermin D
- GSDME
- GSDME, gasdermin E
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HepG2
- Hepa1-6
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IgG (H + L), immunoglobulin G (heavy chain + light chain)
- KO, knockout
- LDH, lactic dehydrogenase
- MEK, mitogen-activated and extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- MEM, minimum essential medium
- MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential
- MS, mass spectrum
- Miltirone
- N-GSDME, N-terminal GSDME
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NC, negative control
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NS, no significance
- PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase
- PBS, phosphate-based buffer
- PI, propidium iodide
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- Pyroptosis
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TBST, Tris-buffered saline with Tween solution
- TCGA, the Cancer Genome Atlas
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- gRNA, guide RNA
- i.p., intraperitoneal
- i.v., intravenous
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- p-AKT, phosphorylated-AKT
- p-ERK1/2, phosphorylated-ERK1/2
- p-MEK, phosphorylated-MEK
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Janson J, Andersson G, Bergquist L, Eriksson M, Folgering JHA. Impact of chemical modification of sulfamidase on distribution to brain interstitial fluid and to CSF after an intravenous administration in awake, freely-moving rats. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 22:100554. [PMID: 31908953 PMCID: PMC6939024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis III A (MPS IIIA) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme sulfamidase. The disorder results in accumulation of heparan sulfate, lysosomal enlargement and cellular and organ dysfunction. Patients exhibit progressive neurodegeneration and behavioral problems and no treatment is currently available. Enzyme replacement therapy is explored as potential treatment strategy for MPS IIIA patients and to modify the disease, sulfamidase must reach the brain. The glycans of recombinant human sulfamidase (rhSulfamidase) can be chemically modified to generate CM-rhSulfamidase. The chemical modification reduced the affinity to the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor with the aim a prolonged higher concentration in circulation and thus at the blood brain barrier. The pharmacokinetic properties in serum and the distribution to brain and to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of chemically modified recombinant human sulfamidase (CM-rhSulfamidase) were studied and compared to those of rhSulfamidase, after a single intravenous (i.v.) 30 mg/kg dose in awake, freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. Distribution to brain was studied by microdialysis of the interstitial fluid in prefrontal cortex and by repeated intra-individual CSF sampling from the cisterna magna. Push-pull microdialysis facilitated sampling of brain interstitial fluid to determine large molecule concentrations in awake, freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. Together with repeated serum and CSF sampling, push-pull microdialysis facilitated determination of CM-rhSulfamidase and rhSulfamidase kinetics after i.v. administration by non-compartments analysis and by a population modelling approach. Chemical modification increased the area under the concentration versus time in serum, CSF and brain interstitial fluid at least 7-fold. The results and the outcome of a population modelling approach of the concentration versus time data indicated that both compounds pass the BBB with an equilibrium established fairly rapid after administration. We suggest that prolonged high serum concentrations facilitated high brain interstitial fluid concentrations, which could be favorable to reach various target cells in the brain.
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Key Words
- AUClast, area under the concentration-time curve from t = 0 to the last observed concentration
- AUC∞, area under the concentration-time curve from t = 0 to infinity
- CL, clearance
- CM-rhSulfamidase, chemically modified recombinant human sulfamidase
- CNS distribution
- CNS, central nervous system
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- Cmax, maximum concentration
- Enzyme replacement therapy
- HS, heparan sulfate
- ID, identifier
- IF, interstitial fluid
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- M6PR, mannose-6-phosphate receptor
- MPS IIIA, mucopolysaccharidosis type III A
- MSD-ECL, meso scale discovery electrochemiluminescence
- Microdialysis
- Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacokinetics
- SD, standard deviation
- SGSH, N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase
- Sulfamidase
- V, volume of distribution
- aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- h.a.d., hours after dose
- i.v., intravenous
- rhSulfamidase, recombinant human sulfamidase
- t½, terminal half-life
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Janson
- Research & Translational Science Unit, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gudrun Andersson
- Research & Translational Science Unit, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bergquist
- Research & Translational Science Unit, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Research & Translational Science Unit, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (publ), SE-112 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joost H A Folgering
- Charles River Laboratories location Groningen, De Mudden 16, 9747AW Groningen, the Netherlands
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Reusch U, Duell J, Ellwanger K, Herbrecht C, Knackmuss SH, Fucek I, Eser M, McAleese F, Molkenthin V, Gall FL, Topp M, Little M, Zhukovsky EA. A tetravalent bispecific TandAb (CD19/CD3), AFM11, efficiently recruits T cells for the potent lysis of CD19(+) tumor cells. MAbs 2016; 7:584-604. [PMID: 25875246 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1029216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To harness the potent tumor-killing capacity of T cells for the treatment of CD19(+) malignancies, we constructed AFM11, a humanized tetravalent bispecific CD19/CD3 tandem diabody (TandAb) consisting solely of Fv domains. The molecule exhibits good manufacturability and stability properties. AFM11 has 2 binding sites for CD3 and 2 for CD19, an antigen that is expressed from early B cell development through differentiation into plasma cells, and is an attractive alternative to CD20 as a target for the development of therapeutic antibodies to treat B cell malignancies. Comparison of the binding and cytotoxicity of AFM11 with those of a tandem scFv bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) molecule targeting the same antigens revealed that AFM11 elicited more potent in vitro B cell lysis. Though possessing high affinity to CD3, the TandAb mediates serial-killing of CD19(+) cells with little dependence of potency or efficacy upon effector:target ratio, unlike the BiTE. The advantage of the TandAb over the BiTE was most pronounced at lower effector:target ratios. AFM11 mediated strictly target-dependent T cell activation evidenced by CD25 and CD69 induction, proliferation, and cytokine release, notwithstanding bivalent CD3 engagement. In a NOD/scid xenograft model, AFM11 induced dose-dependent growth inhibition of Raji tumors in vivo, and radiolabeled TandAb exhibited excellent localization to tumor but not to normal tissue. After intravenous administration in mice, half-life ranged from 18.4 to 22.9 h. In a human ex vivo B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia study, AFM11 exhibited substantial cytotoxic activity in an autologous setting. Thus, AFM11 may represent a promising therapeutic for treatment of CD19(+) malignancies with an advantageous safety risk profile and anticipated dosing regimen.
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Key Words
- ALL
- AUCtot, total area under the curve
- B-ALL, B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BiTE, bispecific T cell engager
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CCS, cell culture supernatant
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CD3
- CDR, complementarity determining region
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CL, clearance
- CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CNS, central nervous system
- Cmax, maximal concentration
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- E:T, effector:target
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- ECL, electrochemiluminescence
- F, fluorescence
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- FR, framework region
- Fab, fragment antigen-binding
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- FcgR, Fc gamma receptor
- Fv, variable fragment
- HMF, high molecular weight forms
- HSA, human serum albumin
- His, histidine
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- KD, dissociation constant
- LMF, low molecular weight forms
- MSD, MesoScale Discovery
- MWCO, molecular weight cut-off
- NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- NK, natural killer
- NOD/scid, nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- ORR, overall response rate
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PES, polyethersulfone
- PHA, phytohemagglutinin
- PI, propidium iodide
- SABC, standardized antibody binding capacity
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SE-HPLC, size exclusion high-pressure liquid chromatography
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- T cells
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TandAb, tandem diabody
- VH, variable heavy
- VL, variable light
- Vss, volume of distribution at steady state
- WBA, whole body autoradiography
- bispecific antibodies
- ctrl., control
- i.v., intravenous
- ka, association rate constant
- kd, dissociation rate constant
- s.c., subcutaneous
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- t1/2, terminal elimination half-life
- w/o, without
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Reusch
- a Affimed Therapeutics AG ; Heidelberg , Germany
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Abstract
The identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) has made possible the development of antigen-specific cancer immunotherapies such as tecemotide. One of those is mucin 1 (MUC1), a cell membrane glycoprotein expressed on some epithelial tissues such as breast and lung. In cancer, MUC1 becomes overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated, exposing the immunogenic tandem repeat units in the extracellular domain of MUC1. Designed to target tumor associated MUC1, tecemotide is being evaluated in Phase III clinical trials for treatment of unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as maintenance therapy following chemoradiotherapy. Additional Phase II studies in other indications are ongoing. This review discusses the preclinical and clinical development of tecemotide, ongoing preclinical studies of tecemotide in human MUC1 transgenic mouse models of breast and lung cancer, and the potential application of these models for optimizing the timing of chemoradiotherapy and tecemotide immunotherapy to achieve the best treatment outcome for patients.
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Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- ASI, active specific immunotherapy
- BSC, best supportive care
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CI, confidence interval
- CONSORT, consolidated standards of reporting trials
- CPA, cyclophosphamide
- CRT, chemoradiotherapy
- CTL, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
- Chemoradiotherapy
- DMPG, Dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol
- DPPC, Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity
- ECOG, Eastern cooperative oncology group
- ELISpot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot
- FACT-L, functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung
- Gy, gray
- HLA, human lymphocyte antigen
- HR, hazard ratio
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, Interleukin 2
- INSPIRE, stimuvax trial in Asian NSCLC patients: stimulating immune response
- ITT, intent to treat
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- KLH, keyhole limpet hemocyanin
- LICC, L-BLP25 in colorectal cancer
- LR, locoregional
- MAP, multiple antigenic peptide
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MMT, muc1-expressing mammary tumor
- MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A
- MUC1
- MUC1, Mucin 1
- MUC1.Tg, MUC1 transgenic
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OH-BBN, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine
- OS, overall survival
- PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes
- PCR, pathological complete remission
- PSA, prostate specific antigen
- PyV-mT, polyomavirus middle-T
- QOL, quality of life
- RCB, residual cancer burden
- RECIST, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
- RTX, radiotherapy
- START, stimulating targeted antigenic responses to NSCLC
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TH1, T-helper type I
- TH2, T-helper type II
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TOI, trial outcome index
- VNTR, variable number of tandem repeats
- i.v., intravenous
- immunotherapy
- non-small cell lung cancer
- tecemotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Wurz
- a University of California , Davis; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Hematology and Oncology ; Sacramento , CA USA
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Tian G, Qi Z, Qiu Y, Wu X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Xin Y, He J, Bi Y, Wang Q, Zhou J, Fan Y, Zhou Y, Jiang Y, Yang R, Wang X. Comparison of virulence between the Yersinia pestis Microtus 201, an avirulent strain to humans, and the vaccine strain EV in rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3552-60. [PMID: 25483697 DOI: 10.4161/hv.35119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study has demonstrated that Yersinia pestis Microtus 201 is a low virulent strain to the Chinese-origin rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, and can protect it against high dose of virulent Y. pestis challenge by subcutaneous route. To investigate whether the Y. pestis Microtus 201 can be used as a live attenuated vaccine candidate, in this study its intravenous virulence was determined and compared with the live attenuated vaccine strain EV in the Chinese-origin rhesus macaque model. The results showed that the Chinese-origin rhesus macaques can survive intravenous infection with approximately 10(9) CFU of the Y. pestis Microtus 201, but all the animals succumbed to 10(10) CFU of intravenous infection. By contrast, all the animals survive intravenous infection with 10(10) CFU of the vaccine EV. Post-mortem examination showed multiple areas of severe abscess in the lungs of the dead animals infected with 10(10) CFU of the Y. pestis Microtus 201, whereas histopathology observation, microbiological examination and immunohistochemistry staining showed that the Y. pestis Microtus 201 also invaded hearts, livers, spleens, kidneys and lymph nodes and caused different degrees of pathological changes in these organs. These results indicated that the Y. pestis Microtus 201 is indeed low virulent to monkeys, but it is more virulent than the vaccine EV when administered by intravenous route. The Y. pestis Microtus 201 mainly attack the lungs when administered by intravenous infection, which may be the leading cause of animal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Tian
- a Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity; Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology ; Beijing , China
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Abstract
Although recent control measures have significantly reduced malaria cases and deaths in many endemic areas, an effective vaccine will be essential to eradicate this parasitic disease. Malaria vaccine strategies developed to date focus on different phases of the parasite's complex life cycle in the human host and mosquito vector, and include both subunit-based and whole-parasite vaccines. This review focuses on the 3 live-attenuated malaria vaccination strategies that have been tested in humans to date, and discusses their progress, challenges and the immune correlates of protection that have been identified.
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Key Words
- CPS, Chemoprophylaxis and Sporozoite immunization
- CQ, chloroquine
- CSP, circumsporozoite protein
- GAP, Genetically Attenuated Parasite
- ITV, Immunization-Treatment-Vaccination
- Malaria
- P. falciparum
- PfSPZ, P. falciparum sporozoite vaccine
- RAS, Radiation Attenuated Sporozoites
- attenuation
- i.d., intradermal
- i.v., intravenous
- pre-erythrocytic
- s.c., subcutaneous
- whole-parasite vaccines
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Huet HA, Growney JD, Johnson JA, Li J, Bilic S, Ostrom L, Zafari M, Kowal C, Yang G, Royo A, Jensen M, Dombrecht B, Meerschaert KRA, Kolkman JA, Cromie KD, Mosher R, Gao H, Schuller A, Isaacs R, Sellers WR, Ettenberg SA. Multivalent nanobodies targeting death receptor 5 elicit superior tumor cell killing through efficient caspase induction. MAbs 2015; 6:1560-70. [PMID: 25484045 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.975099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic agonists of death receptor 5 (DR5) have been developed and are under clinical evaluation. Although these agonists demonstrate significant anti-tumor activity in preclinical models, the clinical efficacy in human cancer patients has been notably disappointing. One possible explanation might be that the current classes of therapeutic molecules are not sufficiently potent to elicit significant response in patients, particularly for dimeric antibody agonists that require secondary cross-linking via Fcγ receptors expressed on immune cells to achieve optimal clustering of DR5. To overcome this limitation, a novel multivalent Nanobody approach was taken with the goal of generating a significantly more potent DR5 agonist. In the present study, we show that trivalent DR5 targeting Nanobodies mimic the activity of natural ligand, and furthermore, increasing the valency of domains to tetramer and pentamer markedly increased potency of cell killing on tumor cells, with pentamers being more potent than tetramers in vitro. Increased potency was attributed to faster kinetics of death-inducing signaling complex assembly and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. In vivo, multivalent Nanobody molecules elicited superior anti-tumor activity compared to a conventional DR5 agonist antibody, including the ability to induce tumor regression in an insensitive patient-derived primary pancreatic tumor model. Furthermore, complete responses to Nanobody treatment were obtained in up to 50% of patient-derived primary pancreatic and colon tumor models, suggesting that multivalent DR5 Nanobodies may represent a significant new therapeutic modality for targeting death receptor signaling.
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Key Words
- % T/C, percent tumor volume change treated over control
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- AUC, area under the curve
- BW, body weight
- DISC, death inducing signaling complex
- DR5
- DR5, death receptor 5
- Death Receptor
- FADD, Fas associated death domain
- N/A, not assessed
- NS, not significant
- Nanobody
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- T, mean tumor size
- TNFR, tumor necrosis factor receptor
- TRAIL
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand
- TV, tumor volume
- VHH, heavy heavy variable domain
- apoptosis
- caspase
- i.v., intravenous
- x-LBY135, cross-linked LBY135
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Huet
- a Oncology Research; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research ; Cambridge , MA USA
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Rudd JA, Nalivaiko E, Matsuki N, Wan C, Andrews PL. The involvement of TRPV1 in emesis and anti-emesis. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:258-76. [PMID: 27227028 PMCID: PMC4843889 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1043042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse transmitter systems (e.g. acetylcholine, dopamine, endocannabinoids, endorphins, glutamate, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P) have been implicated in the pathways by which nausea and vomiting are induced and are targets for anti-emetic drugs (e.g. 5-hydroxytryptamine3 and tachykinin NK1 antagonists). The involvement of TRPV1 in emesis was discovered in the early 1990s and may have been overlooked previously as TRPV1 pharmacology was studied in rodents (mice, rats) lacking an emetic reflex. Acute subcutaneous administration of resiniferatoxin in the ferret, dog and Suncus murinus revealed that it had “broad–spectrum” anti-emetic effects against stimuli acting via both central (vestibular system, area postrema) and peripheral (abdominal vagal afferents) inputs. One of several hypotheses discussed here is that the anti-emetic effect is due to acute depletion of substance P (or another peptide) at a critical site (e.g. nucleus tractus solitarius) in the central emetic pathway. Studies in Suncus murinus revealed a potential for a long lasting (one month) effect against the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Subsequent studies using telemetry in the conscious ferret compared the anti-emetic, hypothermic and hypertensive effects of resiniferatoxin (pungent) and olvanil (non-pungent) and showed that the anti-emetic effect was present (but reduced) with olvanil which although inducing hypothermia it did not have the marked hypertensive effects of resiniferatoxin. The review concludes by discussing general insights into emetic pathways and their pharmacology revealed by these relatively overlooked studies with TRPV1 activators (pungent an non-pungent; high and low lipophilicity) and antagonists and the potential clinical utility of agents targeted at the TRPV1 system.
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Key Words
- 12-HPETE, 12-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine
- 5-HT3, 5-hdroxytryptamine3
- 8-OH-DPAT, (±)-8-Hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin
- AM404
- AM404, N-arachidonoylaminophenol
- AMT, anandamide membrane transporter
- AP, area postrema
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- CB1, cannabinoid1
- CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide
- CINV, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
- CP 99,994
- CTA, conditioned taste aversion
- CVO's, circumventricular organs
- D2, dopamine2
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- H1, histamine1
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- NADA, N-arachidonoyl-dopamine
- NK1, neurokinin1
- POAH, preoptic anterior hypothalamus
- RTX
- Suncus murinus
- TRPV1
- TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor1
- anti-emetic
- capsaicin
- ferret
- i.v., intravenous
- nausea
- olvanil
- thermoregulation
- vanilloid
- vomiting
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rudd
- Brain and Mind Institute; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin; New Territories, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin; New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle ; Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Norio Matsuki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christina Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Chinese University of Hong Kong ; Shatin; New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Paul Lr Andrews
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; St George's University of London ; London, UK
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Werter IM, Schneiders FL, Scotet E, Verheul HMW, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. Vγ9Vδ2-T cells as antigen presenting cells for iNKT cell based cancer immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 3:e955343. [PMID: 25941612 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) constitute an important immunoregulatory T-cell subset involved in the induction of antitumor immune responses. Here, we provide a view on the recent observation that Vγ9Vδ2-T cells, through trogocytosis of CD1d-containing membrane fragments, have the capacity to act as antigen presenting cells for iNKT.
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Key Words
- APC
- APC, antigen presenting cells
- Ag, antigens
- BTN, butyrophilin
- BrHPP, bromohydrin pyrophosphate
- CD, Cluster of differentiation
- CD1d
- DN, double negative
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- IFNγ, interferon γ
- IL, interleukine
- IPP, isopentenyl pyrophosphate
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NK, natural killer cells
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- Th1, Type 1 T helper
- Th2, Type 2 T helper
- Vγ9Vδ2-T cells
- i.v., intravenous
- iNKT
- iNKT, invariant natural killer T cells
- moDC, monocyte derived dendritic cells
- pAg, phosphoantigens
- trogocytosis
- α-GalCer, α-galactosylceramide
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge M Werter
- Department of Medical Oncology; VU University Medical Center ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Famke L Schneiders
- Department of Medical Oncology; VU University Medical Center ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; UMR892; Center de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers ; Nantes Cedex, France
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology; VU University Medical Center ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology; VU University Medical Center ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology; VU University Medical Center ; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Morar-Mitrica S, Puri M, Beumer Sassi A, Fuller J, Hu P, Crotts G, Nesta D. Development of a stable low-dose aglycosylated antibody formulation to minimize protein loss during intravenous administration. MAbs 2015; 7:792-803. [PMID: 26073995 PMCID: PMC4622870 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1046664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical and chemical integrity of a biopharmaceutical must be maintained not only during long-term storage but also during administration. Specifically for the intravenous (i.v.) delivery of a protein drug, loss of stability can occur when the protein formulation is compounded with i.v. bag diluents, thus modifying the original composition of the drug product. Here we present the challenges associated with the delivery of a low-dose, highly potent monoclonal antibody (mAb) via the i.v. route. Through parallel in-use stability studies and conventional formulation development, a drug product was developed in which adsorptive losses and critical oxidative degradation pathways were effectively controlled. This development approach enabled the i.v. administration of clinical doses in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mg total protein, while ensuring liquid drug product storage stability under refrigerated conditions.
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Key Words
- CD3, cluster of differentiation 3
- CMC, critical micelle concentration
- Cys, cysteine
- DSC, differential scanning calorimetry
- EDTA, edetate disodium
- Glut, glutathione
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- M, methionine residues
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MTG, monothioglycerol
- Met, methionine
- PES, polyethersulfone
- PO, polyolefin
- PS80, polysorbate 80
- PVC, polyvinylchloride
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- administration
- adsorption
- antioxidant
- biopharmaceutical
- cIEF, capillary isoelectric focusing
- dilution
- i.v., intravenous
- infusion
- intravenous
- low concentration
- low dose
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- monoclonal antibody
- oxidation
- stability
- surfactant
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Morar-Mitrica
- Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Manasi Puri
- Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joshua Fuller
- Bioanalytical Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Analytical Development; Janssen R&D, LLC; Malvern, PA, US
| | - George Crotts
- Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas Nesta
- Biopharmaceutical Product Sciences; GlaxoSmithKline R&D; King of Prussia, PA, USA
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15
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Bansal N, Arora A, Kumaran V, Mehta N, Varma V, Sharma P, Tyagi P, Sachdeva M, Kumar A. Atypical presentation of cytomegalovirus infection in a liver transplant patient. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2011; 1:207-9. [PMID: 25755388 PMCID: PMC3940243 DOI: 10.1016/s0973-6883(11)60236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Symptomatic infection usually presents with fever, pneumonia, colitis, or cytopenia. We describe a case of symptomatic CMV infection in a liver transplant recipient presenting with atypical symptoms of only persistent nausea and vomiting, in the absence of classical symptoms and signs; thus, highlighting the importance of high index of suspicion of CMV in immunocompromised patients, keeping in mind the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ANA, anti-nuclear antibody
- ASMA, antibody smooth muscle antigen
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Atypical presentation
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- EBV, Epstein-Barr virus
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HEV, hepatitis E virus
- INR, international normalized ratio
- anti-HBc, antibody-hepatitis B core
- anti-HCV, antibody-hepatitis C virus
- anti-LKM, antibody-liver–kidney-microsomal antigen
- cytomegalovirus
- i.v., intravenous
- immunosuppressed
- liver transplant
- transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Arora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinay Kumaran
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Naimish Mehta
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vibha Varma
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Tyagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Munish Sachdeva
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Humphries RM, Kelesidis T, Dien Bard J, Ward KW, Bhattacharya D, Lewinski MA. Successful treatment of pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and bacteraemia with a combination of high-dose tigecycline and colistin. J Med Microbiol 2010; 59:1383-1386. [PMID: 20688947 PMCID: PMC8482875 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.023010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance among members of the Enterobacteriaceae is a significant clinical threat. We report the treatment of pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia with combination tigecycline and colistin in a 49-year-old male and review available therapeutic options. Despite a poor prognosis, the patient recovered, but remains colonized with the pan-resistant isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romney M. Humphries
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Dien Bard
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Debika Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael A. Lewinski
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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