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McConnel G, Lawson J, Cañas-Carrell JE, Brelsfoard CL. The effects of nano- and microplastic ingestion on the survivorship and reproduction of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Environ Entomol 2024:nvae038. [PMID: 38728422 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants that are commonly ingested by organisms at different trophic levels. While the effects of MPs on aquatic organisms have been extensively studied, the impacts of MP ingestion on the host fitness of terrestrial organisms, mainly insects, have been relatively unexplored. This study investigates the effects of MP and NP ingestion on the survivorship and reproduction of 2 medically important mosquito species, Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). Larval and pupal survivorship of Ae. albopictus were not significantly affected by particle size or concentration, but there was a reduction of Ae. aegypti pupal survivorship associated with the ingestion of 0.03 µm NPs. In addition, there was little observed impact of 0.03 µm NP and 1.0 µm MP ingestion on adult survivorship, fecundity, and longevity. To further investigate the effects of MP ingestion on mosquito fitness, we also examined the effects of MPs of varying shape, size, and plastic polymer type on Ae. aegypti immature and adult survivorship. The data suggest that the polymer type and shape did not impact Ae. aegypti immature or adult survivorship. These findings highlight that understanding the effects of microplastic ingestion by mosquitoes may be complicated by the size, composition, and amount ingested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella McConnel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
| | - Jordann Lawson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main Street, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jaclyn E Cañas-Carrell
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, 1207 S. Gilbert Drive, Lubbock, TX 79416, USA
| | - Corey L Brelsfoard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main Street, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Hennig S, Hung E, Gooding C, Gries G. Black blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) bacterial symbionts inform oviposition site selection by stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae). J Insect Sci 2024; 24:22. [PMID: 38597910 PMCID: PMC11005781 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Larval habitats of blood-feeding stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), overlap with foraging sites of black blow flies, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). We tested the hypothesis that bacteria in blow fly excreta inform oviposition decisions by female stable flies. In laboratory 2-choice bioassays, we offered gravid female stable flies fabric-covered agar plates as oviposition sites that were kept sterile or inoculated with either a blend of 7 bacterial strains isolated from blow fly excreta (7-isolate-blend) or individual bacterial isolates from that blend. The 7-isolate-blend deterred oviposition by female stable flies, as did either of 2 strains of Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii. Conversely, Exiguobacterium sp. and Serratia marcescens each prompted oviposition by flies. The flies' oviposition decisions appear to be guided by bacteria-derived semiochemicals as the bacteria could not be physically accessed. Oviposition deterrence caused by semiochemicals of the 7-isolate-blend may help stable flies avoid competition with blow flies. The semiochemicals of bioactive bacterial strains could be developed as trap lures to attract and capture flies and deter their oviposition in select larval habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hennig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Hung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Claire Gooding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gerhard Gries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Arsenault-Benoit A, Greene A, Fritz ML. Paved Paradise: Belowground Parking Structures Sustain Urban Mosquito Populations in Washington, DC. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2021; 37:291-295. [PMID: 34817615 PMCID: PMC9128311 DOI: 10.2987/21-7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After notification of mosquitoes within federal buildings in Washington, DC, we surveyed belowground levels of nearby parking structures for mosquitoes and standing water in the summer months of 2018 and 2019. Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and members of the Culex pipiens Assemblage were found. Genotyping revealed pipiens, molestus, and quinquefasciatus ancestry among Cx. pipiens Assemblage mosquitoes, and allele frequency comparisons indicated a stable, resident population. Winter and spring aboveground temperatures ranged from -11°C to 35°C, while belowground temperatures never dropped below 5°C or exceeded 30°C, and winter temperatures were significantly higher belowground compared with aboveground. Moderated winter conditions suggest that belowground urban structures could act as refugia for warmer-climate species, like Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, allowing them to overcome assumed thermal barriers. Surveys of parking structures should be incorporated into integrated vector management programs in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Greene
- Public Buildings Service, US General Services Administration, Washington, DC 20405
| | - Megan L. Fritz
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742
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Girard M, Martin E, Vallon L, Raquin V, Bellet C, Rozier Y, Desouhant E, Hay AE, Luis P, Valiente Moro C, Minard G. Microorganisms Associated with Mosquito Oviposition Sites: Implications for Habitat Selection and Insect Life Histories. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1589. [PMID: 34442667 PMCID: PMC8401263 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are considered one of the most important threats worldwide due to their ability to vector pathogens. They are responsible for the transmission of major pathogens such as malaria, dengue, zika, or chikungunya. Due to the lack of treatments or prophylaxis against many of the transmitted pathogens and an increasing prevalence of mosquito resistance to insecticides and drugs available, alternative strategies are now being explored. Some of these involve the use of microorganisms as promising agent to limit the fitness of mosquitoes, attract or repel them, and decrease the replication and transmission of pathogenic agents. In recent years, the importance of microorganisms colonizing the habitat of mosquitoes has particularly been investigated since they appeared to play major roles in their development and diseases transmission. In this issue, we will synthesize researches investigating how microorganisms present within water habitats may influence breeding site selection and oviposition strategies of gravid mosquito females. We will also highlight the impact of such microbes on the fate of females' progeny during their immature stages with a specific focus on egg hatching, development rate, and larvae or pupae survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Girard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Edwige Martin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Laurent Vallon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Vincent Raquin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Christophe Bellet
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône-Alpes pour la Démoustication, F-73310 Chindrieux, France; (C.B.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yves Rozier
- Entente Interdépartementale Rhône-Alpes pour la Démoustication, F-73310 Chindrieux, France; (C.B.); (Y.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Desouhant
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et de Biologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 5558, VetAgro Sup, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Anne-Emmanuelle Hay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Patricia Luis
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Claire Valiente Moro
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Guillaume Minard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (M.G.); (E.M.); (L.V.); (V.R.); (A.-E.H.); (P.L.); (C.V.M.)
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Villarreal-Treviño C, Ríos-Delgado JC, Penilla-Navarro RP, Rodríguez AD, López JH, Nettel-Cruz JA, Moo-Llanes DA, Fuentes-Maldonado G. Composition and abundance of anopheline species according to habitat diversity in Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2021; 62:388-401. [PMID: 32549083 DOI: 10.21149/10111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the abundance and geographic distribution of the main malaria vectors, which are influenced by habitat characteristics and ecological factors that directly impact adult density and the dynamics of malaria transmission in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of larvae were collected from 19 states in Mexico. Each larval habitat was characterized in situ determining the following parameters: water depth, turbidity, percentage of vegetation cover, amount of detritus, presence of algae, light intensity, type of vegetation, amount of predators, habitat stability, altitude, and hydrologic type. RESULTS A total of 21 687 larvae corresponding to 13 anopheline species were obtained from 149 aquatic habitats. The most abundant species were Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (52.91%), An. albimanus (39.14%) and An. franciscanus (5.29%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed a negative association between An. pseudopunctipennis and water turbidity (ß=-1.342; Wald=6.122; p=0.013) and the amount of detritus (ß=-2.206; Wald=3.642; p=0.050). While in An. albimanus, there was a significant positive association with water turbidity (ß=1.344; Wald=4.256; p=0.039), a negative correlation was found with the altitude (ß=-3.445; Wald=5.407; p =0.020). The highest mosquito species diversity index was found in Chiapas (Fisher's α=1.20) and the lowest diversity in Chihuahua (Fisher's α=0.26). The greatest richness was found in streams (n=11). CONCLUSIONS The two most abundant species were: An. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis. Detailed knowledge of the distribution and characteristics of their larval habitats will be useful for the effective implementation of control strategies in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana C Ríos-Delgado
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - R Patricia Penilla-Navarro
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Américo D Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - José Higinio López
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Información Geográfica y Estadística, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - José A Nettel-Cruz
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - David A Moo-Llanes
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Fuentes-Maldonado
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Walker KR, Williamson D, Carrière Y, Reyes-Castro PA, Haenchen S, Hayden MH, Jeffrey Gutierrez E, Ernst KC. Socioeconomic and Human Behavioral Factors Associated With Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Immature Habitat in Tucson, AZ. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:955-963. [PMID: 29471405 PMCID: PMC6025186 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.; Diptera: Culicidae) has been established in the southwestern United States for several decades, but relationships between humans and mosquitoes in this arid region are not well-characterized. In August 2012, the outdoor premises of 355 houses within 20 neighborhoods in Tucson, Arizona were surveyed for containers that could provide larval habitat for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. At the same time, a knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) questionnaire was administered to a resident of each house surveyed for immature mosquitoes. The KAP questionnaire assessed respondents' knowledge and concerns about vector-borne illnesses as well as practices they used to avoid mosquitoes. Of the houses surveyed, 91% had at least one container present, and 64% had at least one container with standing water. On average, each house had 2.2 containers with water at the time of the survey. The overall House Index (proportion of premises surveyed with at least one container with Ae. aegypti immatures present) was 13%. Based on questionnaire responses, there was a significant positive association between the number of residents in the home and the odds of finding Ae. aegypti positive containers on the premises, while household income showed a significant negative association. The reported frequency of checking for standing water was also significantly associated with the odds of finding immatures, although the nature of this association was ambiguous. Flower pots were the principal type of container with Ae. aegypti larvae. These findings show that larval habitat is widely available even in an arid environment and city with good housing and sanitation infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Walker
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Daniel Williamson
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Yves Carrière
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Steven Haenchen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Mary H Hayden
- Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO
| | - Eileen Jeffrey Gutierrez
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kacey C Ernst
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Ramirez PG, Stein M, Etchepare EG, Almiron WR. Diversity of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and classification based on the characteristics of the habitats where they were collected in Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. J Vector Ecol 2016; 41:215-223. [PMID: 27860020 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to extend the knowledge of anopheline diversity and their habitats in three environments with different degrees of anthropic intervention in Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, anopheline larvae were collected and classified on the basis of similarities of their habitats. Spatio-temporal abundance was determined and larval diversity and complementarity index were calculated. Rank-abundance curves were performed to compare the composition, abundance, and species evenness among environments. A total of 783 larvae, belonging to six species: Anopheles argyritarsis, An. fluminensis, An. mediopunctatus, An. punctimacula, An. strodei s.l., and An. triannulatus s.l., were collected. A cluster analysis and a principal component analysis detected two groups; exposure to sunlight and type of habitat were the characteristics that explained the grouping of species. Higher abundances of anopheline larvae were observed during autumn and spring. The greatest richness was recorded in wild and peri-urban environments and the effective number of species was greater in the wild. Anopheles punctimacula and An. triannulatus s.l. are secondary vectors of malaria in other South American countries and both species were found in the three environments, so that deforestation poses a potential risk for malaria transmission as it contributes to the proliferation of larval habitats for these mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Ramirez
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avenida Las Heras 727, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - M Stein
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Avenida Las Heras 727, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- CONICET - CCT Nordeste
| | - E G Etchepare
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura., Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - W R Almiron
- Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET). Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 (X5016GCA). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Mint Lekweiry K, Ould Ahmedou Salem MS, Ould Brahim K, Ould Lemrabott MA, Brengues C, Faye O, Simard F, Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary A. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Mauritania: First Report on the Presence of the Arbovirus Mosquito Vector in Nouakchott. J Med Entomol 2015; 52:730-733. [PMID: 26335483 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a major vector of yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya viruses throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Although the southernmost part of Mauritania along the Senegal river has long been recognized at risk of yellow fever transmission, Aedes spp. mosquitoes had never been reported northwards in Mauritania. Here, we report the first observation of Aedes aegypti aegypti (L.) and Aedes (Ochlerotatus) caspius (Pallas, 1771) in the capital city, Nouakchott. We describe the development sites in which larvae of the two species were found, drawing attention to the risk for emergence of arbovirus transmission in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijetou Mint Lekweiry
- Unité de recherche "Génomes et milieux", Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université des Sciences, de Technologie et de Médicine (USTM), nouveau campus universitaire, BP 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie.
| | - Mohamed Salem Ould Ahmedou Salem
- Unité de recherche "Génomes et milieux", Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université des Sciences, de Technologie et de Médicine (USTM), nouveau campus universitaire, BP 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Khyarhoum Ould Brahim
- Unité de recherche "Génomes et milieux", Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université des Sciences, de Technologie et de Médicine (USTM), nouveau campus universitaire, BP 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Mohamed Aly Ould Lemrabott
- Unité de recherche "Génomes et milieux", Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université des Sciences, de Technologie et de Médicine (USTM), nouveau campus universitaire, BP 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Cécile Brengues
- MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), UMR IRD224-CNRS5290-Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Frédéric Simard
- MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), UMR IRD224-CNRS5290-Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary
- Unité de recherche "Génomes et milieux", Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université des Sciences, de Technologie et de Médicine (USTM), nouveau campus universitaire, BP 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
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Gimonneau G, Pombi M, Choisy M, Morand S, Dabiré RK, Simard F. Larval habitat segregation between the molecular forms of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae in a rice field area of Burkina Faso, West Africa. Med Vet Entomol 2012; 26:9-17. [PMID: 21501199 PMCID: PMC3140611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2011.00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In West Africa, lineage splitting between the M and S molecular forms of the major Afro-tropical malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), is thought to be driven by ecological divergence, occurring mainly at the larval stage. Here, we present evidence for habitat segregation between the two molecular forms in and around irrigated rice fields located within the humid savannahs of western Burkina Faso. Longitudinal sampling of adult mosquitoes emerging from a range of breeding sites distributed along a transect extending from the heart of the rice field area into the surrounding savannah was conducted from June to November 2009. Analysis revealed that the two molecular forms and their sibling species Anopheles arabiensis are not randomly distributed in the area. A major ecological gradient was extracted in relation to the perimeter of the rice fields. The M form was associated with larger breeding sites mostly consisting of rice paddies, whereas the S form and An. arabiensis were found to depend upon temporary, rain-filled breeding sites. These results support hypotheses about larval habitat segregation and confirm the suggestion that the forms have different larval habitat requirements. Segregation appears to be clearly linked to anthropogenic permanent habitats and the community structure they support.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gimonneau
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Genetique, Evolution et Contrôle, UMR224, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 911 Avenue Agropolis, Montpellier, France.
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10
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Estep LK, Burkett-Cadena ND, Hill GE, Unnasch RS, Unnasch TR. Estimation of dispersal distances of Culex erraticus in a focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus in the southeastern United States. J Med Entomol 2010; 47:977-86. [PMID: 21175044 PMCID: PMC3052762 DOI: 10.1603/me10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of mosquito dispersal are important for predicting the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens to vertebrate hosts. We studied dispersal behavior of Culex erraticus (Dyar & Knab), a potentially significant vector of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) that is often associated with foci of this pathogen in the southeastern United States. Using data on the relative density of resting adult female Cx. erraticus around known emergence sites in Tuskegee National Forest, Alabama, we developed a model for the exponential decay of the relative density of adult mosquitoes with distance from larval habitats through parameterization of dispersal kernels. The mean and 99th percentile of dispersal distance for Cx. erraticus estimated from this model were 0.97 and 3.21 km per gonotrophic cycle, respectively. Parameterized dispersal kernels and estimates of the upper percentiles of dispersal distance of this species can potentially be used to predict EEEV infection risk in areas surrounding the Tuskegee National Forest focus in the event of an EEEV outbreak. The model that we develop for estimating the dispersal distance of Cx. erraticus from collections of adult mosquitoes could be applicable to other mosquito species that emerge from discrete larval sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Estep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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