1
|
Choi Y, Lee ES, Woo SK, Lee KC, Chung HK, Kang JH. Feasibility Study of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography with Iodine-123 Labeled Metaiodobenzylguanidine for Preclinical Evaluation of Labetalol as a β-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2435-2440. [PMID: 38626389 PMCID: PMC11080995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Among clinically used radiopharmaceuticals, iodine-123 labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine ([123I]mIBG) serves for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors and obtaining images of myocardial sympathetic innervation. mIBG, a structural analogue of norepinephrine (NE), a neurotransmitter acting in peripheral and central nerves, follows a pathway similar to NE, transmitting signals through the NE transporter (NET) located at synaptic terminals. It moves through the body without decomposing, enabling noninvasive image evaluation. In this study, we aimed to quantify [123I]mIBG uptake in the adrenal glands using small animal single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images post [123I]mIBG administration. We investigated the possibility of assessing the effectiveness of β-adrenergic receptor blockers by quantifying SPECT/CT images and biodistribution results to determine the degree of [123I]mIBG uptake in the adrenal glands treated with labetalol, a known β-adrenergic receptor blocker. Upon intravenous administration of [123I]mIBG to mice, SPECT/CT images were acquired over time to confirm the in vivo distribution pattern, revealing a clear uptake in the adrenal glands. Labetalol inhibited the uptake of [123I]mIBG in cell lines expressing NET. A decrease in [123I]mIBG uptake in the adrenal glands was observed in the labetalol-treated group compared with the normal group through SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies. These results demonstrate that SPECT/CT imaging with [123I]mIBG could be applicable for evaluating the preclinical efficacy of new antihypertensive drug candidates such as labetalol, a β-adrenergic receptor blocker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Choi
- Korea
Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Lee
- Korea
Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Division
of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological
and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Division
of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological
and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Chung
- Korea
Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kang
- Korea
Radioisotope Center for Pharmaceuticals, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karabulut S, Kaur H, Gauld JW. Uncovering Structure-Activity Relationships of Phenethylamines: Paving the Way for Innovative Mental Health Treatments. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:972-982. [PMID: 38381069 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving psychedelic industry has garnered considerable attention due to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy's ground-breaking success in treating moderate-to-severe Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in two Phase 3 clinical trials. This has opened Pandora's box for the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. Of particular interest are the phenethylamines and their ability to inhibit monoamine transporters. In this study, we employed the quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology to develop three vigorous models for the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine through monoamine transporters. These models were thoroughly validated using various criteria, including fitting (R2DAT = 0.869, R2SERT = 0.828, and R2NET = 0.887), internal (Q2looDAT = 0.795, Q2looSERT = 0.784, and Q2looNET = 0.820), and external (RMSEextDAT = 0.373, R2extDAT = 0.831, RMSEextSERT = 0.200, R2extSERT = 0.955, RMSEextNET = 0.318, and R2extNET = 0.711) criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Karabulut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Pharmala Biotech, 82 Richmond Street E, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1P1, Canada
| | - James W Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Batra V, Gikandi A, Pawel B, Martinez D, Granger MM, Marachelian A, Park JR, Maris JM, Vo KT, Matthay KK, DuBois SG. Norepinephrine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 tumor expression as a predictor of response to 131 I-MIBG in patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30743. [PMID: 37885116 PMCID: PMC10842219 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that norepinephrine transporter (NET) and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) mediate meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) uptake and retention in neuroblastoma tumors. We evaluated the relationship between NET and VMAT2 tumor expression and clinical response to 131 I-MIBG therapy in patients with neuroblastoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate NET and VMAT2 protein expression levels on archival tumor samples (obtained at diagnosis or relapse) from patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma treated with 131 I-MIBG. A composite protein expression H-score was determined by multiplying a semi-quantitative intensity value (0-3+) by the percentage of tumor cells expressing the protein. RESULTS Tumor samples and clinical data were available for 106 patients, of whom 28.3% had partial response (PR) or higher. NET H-score was not significantly associated with response (≥PR), though the percentage of tumor cells expressing NET was lower among responders (median 80% for ≥PR vs. 90% for CONCLUSIONS Markers of lower NET and VMAT2 protein expression are associated with higher likelihood of response to 131 I-MIBG therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma. Increased VMAT2 protein expression is associated with a more differentiated disease phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Batra
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Araz Marachelian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julie R. Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - John M. Maris
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kieuhoa T. Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital and UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine K. Matthay
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital and UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou H, Yao J, Zhao Z, Lu J. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of benzylaminoimidazoline derivatives as novel norepinephrine transporter ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:738-748. [PMID: 37328929 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of benzylaminoimidazoline derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for norepinephrine transporter (NET) targeting. Among them, N-(3-iodobenzyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine (Compound 9) displayed the highest affinity for NET (IC50 = 5.65 ± 0.97 μM). The corresponding radiotracer [125 I]9 was further prepared by copper-mediated radioiodination and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The cellular uptake results suggested that [125 I]9 was specifically taken up by the NET-expressing SK-N-SH cell line. Biodistribution studies showed that [125 I]9 accumulated in the heart (5.54 ± 1.24 %ID/g at 5 min p.i. and 0.79 ± 0.08 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.) and adrenal gland (14.83 ± 3.47 %ID/g at 5 min p.i. and 3.87 ± 0.24 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.). The uptake in the heart and adrenal gland could be significantly inhibited by preinjection of desipramine (DMI). These results indicated that the benzylaminoimidazoline derivatives retained affinity for NET, which could provide structure-activity relationship data for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koohsari S, Sadabad FE, Pittman B, Gallezot JD, Carson RE, van Dyck CH, Li CSR, Potenza MN, Matuskey D. Relationships of in vivo brain norepinephrine transporter and age, BMI, and gender. Synapse 2023; 77:e22279. [PMID: 37382240 PMCID: PMC10416616 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous research reported an age-related decline in brain norepinephrine transporter (NET) using (S, S)-[11C]O-methylreboxetine ([11C]MRB) as a radiotracer. Studies with the same tracer have been mixed in regard to differences related to body mass index (BMI). Here, we investigated potential age-, BMI-, and gender-related differences in brain NET availability using [11C]MRB, the most selective available radiotracer. Forty-three healthy participants (20 females, 23 males; age range 18-49 years), including 12 individuals with normal/lean weight, 15 with overweight, and 16 with obesity were scanned with [11C]MRB using a positron emission tomography (PET) high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT). We evaluated binding potential (BPND ) in brain regions with high NET availability using multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2) with the occipital cortex as a reference region. Brain regions were delineated with a defined anatomic template applied to subjects' structural MR scans. We found a negative association between age and NET availability in the locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus, and hypothalamus, with a 17%, 19%, and 14% decrease per decade, respectively, in each region. No gender or BMI relationships with NET availability were observed. Our findings suggest an age-related decline, but no BMI- or gender-related differences, in NET availability in healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Koohsari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, Connecticut
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang P, Li T, Liu Z, Jin M, Su Y, Zhang J, Jing H, Zhuang H, Li F. [ 18F]MFBG PET/CT outperforming [ 123I]MIBG SPECT/CT in the evaluation of neuroblastoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3097-3106. [PMID: 37160439 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine 123 labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([123I]MIBG) scan with SPECT/CT imaging is one of the most commonly used imaging modalities in the evaluation of neuroblastoma. [18F]-meta-fluorobenzylguanidine ([18F]MFBG) is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer which was reported to have a similar biodistribution to [123I]MIBG. However, the experience of using [18F]MFBG PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with neuroblastoma is limited. This preliminary investigation aims to assess the efficacy of [18F]MFBG PET/CT in the evaluation of neuroblastomas in comparison to [123I]MIBG scans with SPECT/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, single-center study, 40 participants (mean age 6.0 ± 3.7 years) with history of neuroblastoma were enrolled. All children underwent both [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT and [18F]MFBG PET/CT studies. The number of lesions and the Curie scores revealed by each imaging method were recorded. RESULTS Six patients had negative findings on both [123I]MIBG and [18F]MFBG studies. Four of the 34 patients (11.8%) were negative on [123I]MIBG but positive on [18F]MFBG, while 30 patients were positive on both [123I]MIBG and [18F]MFBG studies. In these 34 patients, [18F]MFBG PET/CT identified 784 lesions while [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT detected 532 lesions (p < 0.001). The Curie scores obtained from [18F]MFBG PET/CT (11.32 ± 8.18, range 1-27) were statistically higher (p < 0.001) than those from [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT (7.74 ± 7.52, range 0-26). 30 of 34 patients (88.2%) with active disease on imaging had higher Curie scores based on the [18F]MFBG study than on the [123I]MIBG imaging. CONCLUSION [18F]MFBG PET/CT shows higher lesion detection rate than [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT in the evaluation of pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov : NCT05069220 (Registered: 25 September 2021, retrospectively registered); Institute Review Board of Peking Union Medical College Hospital: ZS-2514.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongli Jing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongming Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, Chen H, Chen SR, Pan HL. Duloxetine and Amitriptyline Reduce Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting Primary Sensory Input to Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons via α1- and α2-Adrenergic Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1261-1277. [PMID: 36930958 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants, such as duloxetine and amitriptyline, are effective for treating patients with chronic neuropathic pain. Inhibiting norepinephrine and serotonin transporters at presynaptic terminals raises extracellular concentrations of norepinephrine. The α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor agonists inhibit glutamatergic input from primary afferent nerves to the spinal dorsal horn. However, the contribution of spinal α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors to the analgesic effect of antidepressants and associated synaptic plasticity remains uncertain. In this study, we showed that systemic administration of duloxetine or amitriptyline acutely reduced tactile allodynia and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia caused by spinal nerve ligation in rats. In contrast, duloxetine or amitriptyline had no effect on nociception in sham rats. Blocking α1-adrenergic receptors with WB-4101 or α2-adrenergic receptors with yohimbine at the spinal level diminished the analgesic effect of systemically administered duloxetine and amitriptyline. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of duloxetine or amitriptyline similarly attenuated pain hypersensitivity in nerve-injured rats; the analgesic effect was abolished by intrathecal pretreatment with both WB-4101 and yohimbine. In addition, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in spinal cord slices showed that duloxetine or amitriptyline rapidly inhibited dorsal root-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in dorsal horn neurons in nerve-injured rats but had no such effect in sham rats. The inhibitory effect of duloxetine and amitriptyline was abolished by the WB-4101 and yohimbine combination. Therefore, antidepressants attenuate neuropathic pain predominantly by inhibiting primary afferent input to the spinal cord via activating both α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors. This information helps the design of new strategies to improve the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Huang
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shao-Rui Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tutov A, Chen X, Werner RA, Mühlig S, Zimmermann T, Nose N, Koshino K, Lapa C, Decker M, Higuchi T. Rationalizing the Binding Modes of PET Radiotracers Targeting the Norepinephrine Transporter. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020690. [PMID: 36840011 PMCID: PMC9963373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new PET radiotracer 18F-AF78 showing great potential for clinical application has been reported recently. It belongs to a new generation of phenethylguanidine-based norepinephrine transporter (NET)-targeting radiotracers. Although many efforts have been made to develop NET inhibitors as antidepressants, systemic investigations of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of NET-targeting radiotracers have rarely been performed. METHODS Without changing the phenethylguanidine pharmacophore and 3-fluoropropyl moiety that is crucial for easy labeling, six new analogs of 18F-AF78 with different meta-substituents on the benzene-ring were synthesized and evaluated in a competitive cellular uptake assay and in in vivo animal experiments in rats. Computational modeling of these tracers was established to quantitatively rationalize the interaction between the radiotracers and NET. RESULTS Using non-radiolabeled reference compounds, a competitive cellular uptake assay showed a decrease in NET-transporting affinity from meta-fluorine to iodine (0.42 and 6.51 µM, respectively), with meta-OH being the least active (22.67 µM). Furthermore, in vivo animal studies with radioisotopes showed that heart-to-blood ratios agreed with the cellular experiments, with AF78(F) exhibiting the highest cardiac uptake. This result correlates positively with the electronegativity rather than the atomic radius of the meta-substituent. Computational modeling studies revealed a crucial influence of halogen substituents on the radiotracer-NET interaction, whereby a T-shaped π-π stacking interaction between the benzene-ring of the tracer and the amino acid residues surrounding the NET binding site made major contributions to the different affinities, in accordance with the pharmacological data. CONCLUSION The SARs were characterized by in vitro and in vivo evaluation, and computational modeling quantitatively rationalized the interaction between radiotracers and the NET binding site. These findings pave the way for further evaluation in different species and underline the potential of AF78(F) for clinical application, e.g., cardiac innervation imaging or molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tutov
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Saskia Mühlig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zimmermann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Naoko Nose
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koshino
- Department of Systems and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-(931)-201-35455 (T.H.)
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-(931)-201-35455 (T.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matuskey D, Gallezot JD, Nabulsi N, Henry S, Torres K, Dias M, Angarita GA, Huang Y, Shoaf SE, Carson RE, Mehrotra S. Neurotransmitter transporter occupancy following administration of centanafadine sustained-release tablets: A phase 1 study in healthy male adults. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:164-171. [PMID: 36515395 PMCID: PMC9912308 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221140008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centanafadine is an inhibitor of reuptake transporters for norepinephrine (NET), dopamine (DAT) and serotonin (SERT). AIMS This phase 1, adaptive-design positron emission tomography study investigated the occupancy time course of NET, DAT, and SERT and the relationship to centanafadine plasma concentrations. METHODS Healthy adult males received centanafadine sustained-release 400 mg/day for 4 days (N = 6) or 800 mg in a single day (N = 4). Assessments included safety monitoring; time course of occupancy of NET, DAT, and SERT; and centanafadine plasma concentrations. RESULTS Transporter occupancy was numerically higher for NET versus DAT or SERT. For NET, estimated (mean ± standard error [SE]) maximal observable target occupancy (TOmax) and concentration at half maximal occupancy (IC50) were 64 ± 7% and 132 ± 65 ng/mL, respectively, for all regions and 82 ± 13% and 135 ± 97 ng/mL after excluding the thalamus, which showed high nonspecific binding. For DAT and SERT, TOmax could not be established and was assumed to be 100%; estimated IC50 (mean ± SE) values were 1580 ± 186 ng/mL and 1,760 ± 309 ng/mL, respectively. For centanafadine, the estimated in vivo affinity ratio was 11.9 ± 6.0 (mean ± SE) for NET/DAT, 13.3 ± 7.0 for NET/SERT, and 1.1 ± 0.2 for DAT/SERT. DAT and SERT occupancies at a plasma concentration of 1400 ng/mL were estimated to be 47 and 44%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High occupancy at NET and moderate occupancy at DAT and SERT was observed at peak concentrations achieved following 400 mg total daily doses of centanafadine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristen Torres
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Dias
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan E Shoaf
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &
Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
- Susan E Shoaf, Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Development & Commercialization, Inc., 508 Carnegie Center, Princeton, NJ
08540, USA.
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shailly Mehrotra
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &
Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu F, Liu L, Li J, Liu B, Wang Q, Jiao R, Xu Y, Wang L, Sun S, Sun X, Younus M, Wang C, Hokfelt T, Zhang B, Gu H, Xu ZQD, Zhou Z. Cocaine increases quantal norepinephrine secretion through NET-dependent PKC activation in locus coeruleus neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111199. [PMID: 35977516 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The norepinephrine neurons in locus coeruleus (LC-NE neurons) are essential for sleep arousal, pain sensation, and cocaine addiction. According to previous studies, cocaine increases NE overflow (the profile of extracellular NE level in response to stimulation) by blocking the NE reuptake. NE overflow is determined by NE release via exocytosis and reuptake through NE transporter (NET). However, whether cocaine directly affects vesicular NE release has not been directly tested. By recording quantal NE release from LC-NE neurons, we report that cocaine directly increases the frequency of quantal NE release through regulation of NET and downstream protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, and this facilitation of NE release modulates the activity of LC-NE neurons and cocaine-induced stimulant behavior. Thus, these findings expand the repertoire of mechanisms underlying the effects of cocaine on NE (pro-release and anti-reuptake), demonstrate NET as a release enhancer in LC-NE neurons, and provide potential sites for treatment of cocaine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Core Facilities Center, Departments of Neurobiology and Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruiying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Suhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Younus
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tomas Hokfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 71 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Howard Gu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Core Facilities Center, Departments of Neurobiology and Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Werner RA, Koshino K, Nose N, Mühlig S, Rowe SP, Pomper MG, Lapa C, Decker M, Higuchi T. Molecular Imaging-Derived Biomarker of Cardiac Nerve Integrity - Introducing High NET Affinity PET Probe 18F-AF78. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4446-4458. [PMID: 35673571 PMCID: PMC9169360 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiolabeled agents that are substrates for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) can be used to quantify cardiac sympathetic nervous conditions and have been demonstrated to identify high-risk congestive heart failure (HF) patients prone to arrhythmic events. We aimed to fully characterize the kinetic profile of the novel 18F-labeled NET probe AF78 for PET imaging of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system (SNS) among various species. Methods:18F-AF78 was compared to norepinephrine (NE) and established SNS radiotracers by employing in vitro cell assays, followed by an in vivo PET imaging approach with healthy rats, rabbits and nonhuman primates (NHPs). Additionally, chase protocols were performed in NHPs with NET inhibitor desipramine (DMI) and the NE releasing stimulator tyramine (TYR) to investigate retention kinetics in cardiac SNS. Results: Relative to other SNS radiotracers, 18F-AF78 showed higher transport affinity via NET in a cell-based competitive uptake assay (IC50 0.42 ± 0.14 µM), almost identical to that of NE (IC50, 0.50 ± 0.16 µM, n.s.). In rabbits and NHPs, initial cardiac uptake was significantly reduced by NET inhibition. Furthermore, cardiac tracer retention was not affected by a DMI chase protocol but was markedly reduced by intermittent TYR chase, thereby suggesting that 18F-AF78 is stored and can be released via the synaptic vesicular turnover process. Computational modeling hypothesized the formation of a T-shaped π-π stacking at the binding site, suggesting a rationale for the high affinity of 18F-AF78. Conclusion:18F-AF78 demonstrated high in vitro NET affinity and advantageous in vivo radiotracer kinetics across various species, indicating that 18F-AF78 is an SNS imaging agent with strong potential to guide specific interventions in cardiovascular medicine.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ismailani US, Buchler A, Farber G, Pekošak A, Farber E, MacMullin N, Suuronen EJ, Vasdev N, Beanlands RSB, de Kemp RA, Rotstein BH. Cardiac Sympathetic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging with Meta-[ 18F]Fluorobenzylguanidine is Sensitive to Uptake-1 in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4350-4360. [PMID: 34714061 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases including ischemia, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Molecular imaging probes such as meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine have demonstrated the utility of assessing neuronal integrity by targeting norepinephrine transporter (NET, uptake-1). However, current radiotracers can report only on innervation due to suboptimal kinetics and lack sensitivity to NET in rodents, precluding mechanistic studies in these species. The objective of this work was to characterize myocardial sympathetic neuronal uptake mechanisms and kinetics of the positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer meta-[18F]fluorobenzylguanidine ([18F]mFBG) in rats. Automated synthesis using spirocyclic iodonium(III) ylide radiofluorination produces [18F]mFBG in 24 ± 1% isolated radiochemical yield and 30-95 GBq/μmol molar activity. PET imaging in healthy rats delineated the left ventricle, with monoexponential washout kinetics (kmono = 0.027 ± 0.0026 min-1, Amono = 3.08 ± 0.33 SUV). Ex vivo biodistribution studies revealed tracer retention in the myocardium, while pharmacological treatment with selective NET inhibitor desipramine, nonselective neuronal and extraneuronal uptake-2 inhibitor phenoxybenzamine, and neuronal ablation with neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine reduced myocardial retention by 33, 76, and 36%, respectively. Clearance of [18F]mFBG from the myocardium was unaffected by treatment with uptake-1 and uptake-2 inhibitors following peak myocardial activity. These results suggest that myocardial distribution of [18F]mFBG in rats is dependent on both NET and extraneuronal transporters and that limited reuptake to the myocardium occurs. [18F]mFBG may therefore prove useful for imaging intraneuronal dysfunction in small animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzair S. Ismailani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Ariel Buchler
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Gedaliah Farber
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | | | - Eadan Farber
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Nicole MacMullin
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Rob S. B. Beanlands
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Robert A. de Kemp
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Benjamin H. Rotstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karakus OO, Godugu K, Salaheldin T, Fujioka K, Mousa SA. Norepinephrine transporter analog benzylguanidine-conjugated nanoparticles for the delivery of paclitaxel in neuroblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2331-2342. [PMID: 34651508 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We previously synthesized a polyethylene glycol-based norepinephrine transporter-targeted agent, BG-P-TAT, which has a benzylguanidine and a triazolyl-tetrac group. This targeted conjugate showed suppression of neuroblastoma tumor progression. In this study we aimed to synthesize nanoparticles to encapsulate the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel for targeting neuroblastoma tumors by using benzylguanidine so that it can compete with norepinephrine for uptake by neuroendocrine cells. Methods: Biocompatible poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol was chosen to prepare targeted nanoparticles for safe delivery of the chemotherapy agent paclitaxel. Result: Paclitaxel concentration was 60% higher in neuroblastoma tumors of mice treated with paclitaxel encapsulated in targeted nanoparticles than with non-targeted nanoparticles. Conclusion: These findings support the targeted delivery of paclitaxel as a chemotherapeutic agent for neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ozen Karakus
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Kavitha Godugu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Taher Salaheldin
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Fujioka
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li X, Shi S, Zhou H, Zhao Z, Lu J. Novel [ 18F]-Labeled Meta-Bromobenzylguanidine Derivatives: Potential Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Probes for the Norepinephrine Transporter. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3811-3819. [PMID: 34519204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel norepinephrine transporter (NET)-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) probes with optimal pharmacokinetic properties, a series of meta-bromobenzylguanidine derivatives was synthesized. 4-Fluorodiethoxyethane-3-bromobenzylguanidine (compound 12) showed relatively good affinity for the NET (IC50 = 1.00 ± 0.04 μM). The corresponding radiotracer 18F-12 was prepared in high radiochemical purity (>98%) via a three-step method. The in vitro cellular uptake results demonstrated that 18F-12 was specifically taken up by NET-expressing SK-N-SH cells by the uptake-1 mechanism. Biodistribution studies in mice showed that 18F-12 exhibited high cardiac uptake (10.45 ± 0.66 %ID/g at 5 min p.i. and 6.44 ± 0.40 %ID/g at 120 min p.i.), faster liver clearance, and a lower dose of absorbed radiation than [123I]-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([123I]MIBG). Small animal PET imaging confirmed the high heart-to-background ratio of 18F-12 and the uptake-1 mechanism specific for the NET in rats, indicating its potential as a promising PET radiotracer for cardiac sympathetic nerve imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Department of Isotopes, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grilo CM, McElroy SL, Hudson JI, Tsai J, Navia B, Goldman R, Deng L, Kent J, Loebel A. Efficacy and safety of dasotraline in adults with binge-eating disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose clinical trial. CNS Spectr 2021; 26:481-90. [PMID: 32423512 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852920001406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this fixed-dose study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasotraline in the treatment of patients with binge-eating disorder (BED). METHODS Patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for BED were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of dasotraline (4 and 6 mg/d), or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in number of binge-eating (BE) days per week at week 12. Secondary efficacy endpoints included week 12 change on the BE CGI-Severity Scale (BE-CGI-S) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for BE (YBOCS-BE). RESULTS At week 12, treatment with dasotraline was associated with significant improvement in number of BE days per week on the dose of 6 mg/d (N = 162) vs placebo (N = 162; -3.47 vs -2.92; P = .0045), but not 4 mg/d (N = 161; -3.21). Improvement vs placebo was observed for dasotraline 6 and 4 mg/d, respectively, on the BE-CGI-S (effect size [ES]: 0.37 and 0.27) and on the YBOCS-BE total score (ES: 0.43 and 0.29). The most common adverse events on dasotraline were insomnia, dry mouth, headache, decreased appetite, nausea, and anxiety. Changes in blood pressure and pulse were minimal. CONCLUSION Treatment with dasotraline 6 mg/d (but not 4 mg/d) was associated with significantly greater reduction in BE days per week. Both doses of dasotraline were generally safe and well-tolerated and resulted in global improvement on the BE-CGI-S, as well as improvement in BE related obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviors on the YBOCS-BE. These results confirm the findings of a previous flexible dose study.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pérez-Santos I, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Cavada C. Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation and Adrenoceptors in the Macaque Monkey Thalamus. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4115-4139. [PMID: 34003210 PMCID: PMC8328208 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) in the thalamus has important roles in physiological, pharmacological, and pathological neuromodulation. In this work, a complete characterization of NA axons and Alpha adrenoceptors distributions is provided. NA axons, revealed by immunohistochemistry against the synthesizing enzyme and the NA transporter, are present in all thalamic nuclei. The most densely innervated ones are the midline nuclei, intralaminar nuclei (paracentral and parafascicular), and the medial sector of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDm). The ventral motor nuclei and most somatosensory relay nuclei receive a moderate NA innervation. The pulvinar complex receives a heterogeneous innervation. The lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) has the lowest NA innervation. Alpha adrenoceptors were analyzed by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Alpha-1 receptor densities are higher than Alpha-2 densities. Overall, axonal densities and Alpha adrenoceptor densities coincide; although some mismatches were identified. The nuclei with the highest Alpha-1 values are MDm, the parvocellular part of the ventral posterior medial nucleus, medial pulvinar, and midline nuclei. The nucleus with the lowest Alpha-1 receptor density is GL. Alpha-2 receptor densities are highest in the lateral dorsal, centromedian, medial and inferior pulvinar, and midline nuclei. These results suggest a role for NA in modulating thalamic involvement in consciousness, limbic, cognitive, and executive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pérez-Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carmen Cavada
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhat S, Niello M, Schicker K, Pifl C, Sitte HH, Freissmuth M, Sandtner W. Handling of intracellular K + determines voltage dependence of plasmalemmal monoamine transporter function. eLife 2021; 10:67996. [PMID: 34061030 PMCID: PMC8192120 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrative power of the transporters for dopamine (DAT), norepinephrine (NET), and serotonin (SERT) is thought to be fueled by the transmembrane Na+ gradient, but it is conceivable that they can also tap other energy sources, for example, membrane voltage and/or the transmembrane K+ gradient. We have addressed this by recording uptake of endogenous substrates or the fluorescent substrate APP+(4-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1-methylpyridinium) under voltage control in cells expressing DAT, NET, or SERT. We have shown that DAT and NET differ from SERT in intracellular handling of K+. In DAT and NET, substrate uptake was voltage-dependent due to the transient nature of intracellular K+ binding, which precluded K+ antiport. SERT, however, antiports K+ and achieves voltage-independent transport. Thus, there is a trade-off between maintaining constant uptake and harvesting membrane potential for concentrative power, which we conclude to occur due to subtle differences in the kinetics of co-substrate ion binding in closely related transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Niello
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Schicker
- Division of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Sandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The increase of HIV infection in macrophages results in HIV proteins being released, like HIV Tat which impairs the function of monoamine transporters. HIV-infected patients have displayed increased synaptic levels of dopamine (DA) due to reduced binding and function of monoamine transporters such as the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and the dopamine transporter (DAT). Development of a three-dimensional model of the HIV-1 Tat-human NET (hNET) binding complex would help reveal how HIV-1 Tat causes toxicity in the neuron by affecting DA uptake. Here we use computational techniques such as molecular modeling to study microscopic properties and molecular dynamics of the HIV-1 Tat-hNET binding. These modeling techniques allow us to analyze noncovalent interactions and observe residue-residue contacts to verify a model structure. The modeling results studied here show that HIV-1 Tat-hNET binding is highly dynamic and that HIV-1 Tat preferentially binds to hNET in its outward-open state. In particular, HIV-1 Tat forms hydrogen bond interactions with side chains of hNET residues Y84, K88, and T544. The favorable hydrogen bonding interactions of HIV-1 Tat with the hNET side chain residues Y84 and T544 have been validated by our subsequently performed DA uptake activity assays and site-directed mutagenesis, suggesting that the modeled HIV-1 Tat-hNET binding mode is reasonable. These mechanistic and structural insights gained through homology models discussed in this study are expected to encourage the pursuit of pharmacological and biochemical studies on HIV-1 Tat interacting with hNET mechanisms and detailed structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Adeniran
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Sarah E. Davis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Ciai Lin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Werner RA, Higuchi T, Pomper MG, Rowe SP. Theranostics in Oncology-Thriving, Now More than Ever. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:805. [PMID: 33946670 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracing its roots back to the 1940s, theranostics in nuclear oncology has proved successful mainly due to the beneficial effects of image-guided therapeutic concepts for patients afflicted with a variety of different cancers. The majority of these treatments are not only characterized by substantial prolongation of progression-free and overall survival, but are also generally safe, rendering theranostic agents as an attractive treatment option in various clinical scenarios in oncology. In this Special Issue Novel Theranostic Agents, nine original articles from around the globe provide further evidence on the use of the theranostic concept for neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN), prostate cancer (PC), meningioma, and neuroblastoma. The investigated diagnostic and therapeutic radiotracers target not only established structures, such as somatostatin receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen or norepinephrine transporter, but also recently emerging targets such as the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4. Moreover, the presented original articles also combine the concept of theranostics with in-depth read-out techniques such as radiomics or novel reconstruction algorithms on pretherapeutic scans, e.g., for outcome prediction. Even 80 years after its initial clinical introduction, theranostics in oncology continues to thrive, now more than ever.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mehedințeanu AM, Sfredel V, Stovicek PO, Schenker M, Târtea GC, Istrătoaie O, Ciurea AM, Vere CC. Assessment of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042042. [PMID: 33670813 PMCID: PMC7922341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the sympathetic nervous system’s involvement in the evolution of gastric carcinoma in patients by analyzing the mediators of this system (epinephrine and norepinephrine), as well as by analyzing the histological expression of the norepinephrine transporter (NET). We conducted an observational study including 91 patients diagnosed with gastric carcinoma and an additional 200 patients without cancer between November 2017 and October 2018. We set the primary endpoint as mortality from any cause in the first two years after enrolment in the study. The patients were monitored by a 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess sympathetic or parasympathetic predominance. Blood was also collected from the patients to measure plasma free metanephrine (Meta) and normetanephrine (N-Meta), and tumor histological samples were collected for the analysis of NET expression. All of this was performed prior to the application of any antineoplastic therapy. Each patient was monitored for two years. We found higher heart rates in patients with gastric carcinoma than those without cancer. Regarding Meta and N-Meta, elevated levels were recorded in the patients with gastric carcinoma, correlating with the degree of tumor differentiation and other negative prognostic factors such as tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastases. Elevated Meta and N-Meta was also associated with a poor survival rate. All these data suggest that the predominance of the sympathetic nervous system’s activity predicts increased gastric carcinoma severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Maria Mehedințeanu
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.-M.C.)
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Puiu Olivian Stovicek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Nursing, Târgu Jiu Subsidiary, Titu Maiorescu University, 04317 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Michael Schenker
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.-M.C.)
| | - Georgică Costinel Târtea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (G.C.T.); (O.I.)
| | - Octavian Istrătoaie
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.C.T.); (O.I.)
| | - Ana-Maria Ciurea
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.-M.C.)
| | - Cristin Constantin Vere
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dillon JS, Bushnell D, Laux DE. High-specific-activity 131iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine for therapy of unresectable pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1131-1141. [PMID: 33506713 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPG) are rare cancers arising from the adrenal medulla (pheochromocytoma) or autonomic ganglia (paraganglioma). They have highly variable biological behavior. Most PPG express high-affinity norepinephrine transporters, allowing active uptake of the norepinephrine analog, 131iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG). Low-specific-activity forms of 131I-MIBG have been used since 1983 for therapy of PPG. High-specific-activity 131I-MIBG therapy improves hypertension management, induces partial radiological response or stable disease, decreases biochemical markers of disease activity and is well tolerated by patients. This drug, approved in the USA in July 2018, is the first approved agent for patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic PPG and imaging evidence of metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake, who require systemic anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Dillon
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David Bushnell
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas E Laux
- Division of Oncology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Devoto P, Sagheddu C, Santoni M, Flore G, Saba P, Pistis M, Gessa GL. Noradrenergic Source of Dopamine Assessed by Microdialysis in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588160. [PMID: 33071798 PMCID: PMC7538903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous results indicate that dopamine (DA) release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is modified by α2 adrenoceptor- but not D2 DA receptor- agonists and antagonists, suggesting that DA measured by microdialysis in the mPFC originates from noradrenergic terminals. Accordingly, noradrenergic denervation was found to prevent α2-receptor-mediated rise and fall of extracellular DA induced by atipamezole and clonidine, respectively, in the mPFC. The present study was aimed to determine whether DA released by dopaminergic terminals in the mPFC is not detected by in vivo microdialysis because is readily taken up by norepinephrine transporter (NET). Accordingly, the D2-antagonist raclopride increased the electrical activity of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and enhanced extracellular DOPAC but failed to modify DA in the mPFC. However, in rats whose NET was either inactivated by nisoxetine or eliminated by noradrenergic denervation, raclopride still elevated extracellular DOPAC and activated dopaminergic activity, but also increased DA. Conversely, the D2-receptor agonist quinpirole reduced DOPAC but failed to modify DA in the mPFC in control rats. However, in rats whose NET was eliminated by noradrenergic denervation or inhibited by locally perfused nisoxetine, quinpirole maintained its ability to reduce DOPAC but acquired that of reducing DA. Moreover, raclopride and quinpirole, when locally perfused into the mPFC of rats subjected to noradrenergic denervation, were able to increase and decrease, respectively, extracellular DA levels, while being ineffective in control rats. Transient inactivation of noradrenergic neurons by clonidine infusion into the locus coeruleus, a condition where NET is preserved, was found to reduce extracellular NE and DA in the mPFC, whereas noradrenergic denervation, a condition where NET is eliminated, almost totally depleted extracellular NE but increased DA. Both transient inactivation and denervation of noradrenergic neurons were found to reduce the number of spontaneously active DA neurons and their bursting activity in the VTA. The results indicate that DA released in the mPFC by dopaminergic terminals is not detected by microdialysis unless DA clearance from extracellular space is inactivated. They support the hypothesis that noradrenergic terminals are the main source of DA measured by microdialysis in the mPFC during physiologically relevant activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Devoto
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,"Guy Everett" Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Sagheddu
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Santoni
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Flore
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Saba
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Pistis
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Section of Cagliari, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gessa
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Section of Cagliari, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu C, Garcia-Olivares J, Candler S, Schwabe S, Maletic V. New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Viloxazine: Serotonin and Norepinephrine Modulating Properties. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:285-300. [PMID: 32943948 PMCID: PMC7473988 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s256586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viloxazine was historically described as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI). Since NRIs have previously demonstrated efficacy in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), viloxazine underwent contemporary investigation in the treatment of ADHD. Its clinical and safety profile, however, was found to be distinct from other ADHD medications targeting norepinephrine reuptake. Considering the complexity of neuropsychiatric disorders, understanding the mechanism of action (MoA) is an important differentiating point between viloxazine and other ADHD medications and provides pharmacology-based rationale for physicians prescribing appropriate therapy. Methods Viloxazine was evaluated in a series of in vitro binding and functional assays. Its effect on neurotransmitter levels in the brain was evaluated using microdialysis in freely moving rats. Results We report the effects of viloxazine on serotoninergic (5-HT) system. In vitro, viloxazine demonstrated antagonistic activity at 5-HT2B and agonistic activity at 5-HT2C receptors, along with predicted high receptor occupancy at clinical doses. In vivo, viloxazine increased extracellular 5-HT levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain area implicated in ADHD. Viloxazine also exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in vitro and in vivo, and elicited moderate activity at noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Conclusion Viloxazine’s ability to increase 5-HT levels in the PFC and its agonistic and antagonistic effects on certain 5-HT receptor subtypes, which were previously shown to suppress hyperlocomotion in animals, indicate that 5-HT modulating activity of viloxazine is an important (if not the predominant) component of its MoA, complemented by moderate NET inhibition. Supported by clinical data, these findings suggest the updated psychopharmacological profile of viloxazine can be best explained by its action as a serotonin norepinephrine modulating agent (SNMA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chungping Yu
- Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir Maletic
- Department of Psychiatry/Behavioral Science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arakawa R, Takano A, Halldin C. PET technology for drug development in psychiatry. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:114-121. [PMID: 32463584 PMCID: PMC7722687 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non‐invasive imaging method to measure the molecule in vivo. PET imaging can evaluate the central nervous system drugs as target engagement in the human brain. For antipsychotic drugs, adequate dopamine D2 receptor occupancy (“therapeutic window”) is reported to be from 65%‐70% to 80% to achieve the antipsychotic effect without extrapyramidal symptoms. For antidepressants, the clinical threshold of serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) occupancy is reported to be 70%‐80% although the relation between the side effect and 5‐HTT occupancy has not yet been established. Evaluation of norepinephrine transporter (NET) occupancy for antidepressant is ongoing as adequate PET radioligands for NET were developed recently. Measurement of the target occupancy has been a key element to evaluate the in vivo target engagement of the drugs. In order to evaluate new drug targets for disease conditions such as negative symptoms/cognitive impairment of schizophrenia and treatment‐resistant depression, new PET radioligands need to be developed concurrently with the drug development. PET imaging can evaluate the central nervous system drugs as target engagement in the human brain. The uptake of [11C]raclopride for dopamine D2 receptors decreased from (A) baseline to (B) antipsychotic administration conditions.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Arakawa
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Takeda Development Center Japan, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Osaka, Japan
| | - Christer Halldin
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kortylewicz ZP, Coulter DW, Han G, Baranowska-Kortylewicz J. Radiolabeled (R)-(-)-5-iodo-3'-O-[2-(ε-guanidinohexanoyl)-2-phenylacetyl]-2'-deoxyuridine: A new theranostic for neuroblastoma. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:10.1002/jlcr.3836. [PMID: 32150284 PMCID: PMC7483288 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounts for nearly 8% of childhood cancers in the United States. It is a disease with pronounced clinical and biological heterogeneities. The amplification of MYCN, whose key tumorigenic functions include the promotion of proliferation, facilitation of the cell's entry into the S phase, and prevention of cells from leaving the cell cycle, correlates with poor prognosis. Patients with a high proliferation index disease have low survival rates. Neuroblastoma is one of the most radioresponsive of all human tumors. To exploit this radiosensitivity, radioactive guanidine (R)-(-)-5-[125 I]iodo-3'-O-[2-(ε-guanidinohexanoyl)-2-phenylacetyl]-2'-deoxyuridine (9, GPAID) was designed. This compound enters neuroblastoma cells much like metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). Additionally, it cotargets DNA of proliferating cells, an attribute especially advantageous in the treatment of MYCN-amplified tumors. GPAID was synthesized from the trimethylstannyl precursor with an average yield of >90% at the no-carrier-added specific activities. The norepinephrine transporter-aided delivery of GPAID to neuroblastoma cells was established in the competitive uptake studies with nonradioactive MIBG. The intracellular processing and DNA targeting properties were confirmed in the subcellular distribution experiments. Studies in a mouse model of neuroblastoma demonstrated the therapeutic potential of GPAID. The tin precursor of GPAID can be used to prepare compounds radiolabeled with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)- and positron-emission tomography (PET)-compatible radionuclides. Accordingly, these reagents can function as theranostics useful in the individualized and comprehensive treatment strategies comprising treatment planning and the assessment of tumor responses as well as the targeted molecular radiotherapy employing treatment doses derived from the imaging data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew P Kortylewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, J. Bruce Henriksen Cancer Research Laboratories, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Guang Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Amphetamine and its derivatives exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including psychostimulant, hallucinogenic, entactogenic, anorectic, or antidepressant effects. The mechanisms of action underlying these effects are usually related to the ability of the different amphetamines to interact with diverse monoamine transporters or receptors. Moreover, many of these compounds are also potent and selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In the present work, we review how structural modifications on the aromatic ring, the amino group and/or the aliphatic side chain of the parent scaffold, modulate the enzyme inhibitory properties of hundreds of amphetamine derivatives. Furthermore, we discuss how monoamine oxidase inhibition might influence the pharmacology of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reyes-Parada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Patricio Iturriaga-Vasquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is one of the monoamine transporters. Its X-ray crystal structure has not been obtained yet. Inhibitors of human NET (hNET) play a major role in the treatment of many central and peripheral nervous system diseases. In this study, we focused on the spatial structure of a NET constructed by homology modeling on Drosophila melanogaster dopamine transporter templates. We further examined molecular construction of primary binding pocket (S1) together with secondary binding site (S2) and extracellular loop 4 (EL4). The next stage involved docking of transporter inhibitors: Reboxetine, duloxetine, desipramine, and other commonly used drugs. The procedure revealed the molecular orientation of residues and disclosed ones that are the most important for ligand binding: Phenylalanine F72, aspartic acid D75, tyrosine Y152, and phenylalanine F317. Aspartic acid D75 plays a key role in recognition of the basic amino group present in monoamine transporter inhibitors and substrates. The study also presents a comparison of hNET models with other related proteins, which could provide new insights into their interaction with therapeutics and aid future development of novel bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland; (I.G.); (K.Ł.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang H, Miao J, Li F, Xue W, Tang K, Zhao X, Jing X, Zhang J, Huang C, Hou N, Han J. Norepinephrine transporter promotes the invasion of human colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:824-832. [PMID: 31897198 PMCID: PMC6924147 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggested the use of antidepressants to be associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanism through which this decreased risk occurs remains elusive. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is a target of antidepressants that maintains noradrenergic transmission homeostasis; however, little is known about its function in human CRC cells. The present study, using public datasets and immunohistochemistry approaches, revealed that NET was highly expressed in human CRC tissues with metastasis and in human colon cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of NET inhibited the invasive capability of human colon cancer cells. Additionally, epithelial (E)-cadherin expression was increased and Notch1 signaling was inhibited in NET-depleted colon cancer cells. These findings suggest that NET is highly expressed in human colon cancer, which is associated with the invasion of human colon cancer cells by influencing cell-cell adhesion through the Notch1-E-cadherin pathway. Thus, the present study revealed a novel function for NET and its downstream effectors in colon cancer cells, which will be valuable for future studies in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Zhang
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wanjuan Xue
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Jing
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ni Hou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiming Han
- Medical Research and Experimental Center, Medical College, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jimenez C, Erwin W, Chasen B. Targeted Radionuclide Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: From Low-Specific-Activity to High-Specific-Activity Iodine-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071018. [PMID: 31330766 PMCID: PMC6678905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-specific-activity iodine-131–radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-131-MIBG) was introduced last century as a potential systemic therapy for patients with malignant pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Collective information derived from mainly retrospective studies has suggested that 30–40% of patients with these tumors benefit from this treatment. A low index of radioactivity, lack of therapeutic standardization, and toxicity associated with intermediate to high activities (absorbed radiation doses) has prevented the implementation of I-131-MIBG’s in clinical practice. High-specific-activity, carrier-free I-131-MIBG has been developed over the past two decades as a novel therapy for patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas that express the norepinephrine transporter. This drug allows for a high level of radioactivity, and as yet is not associated with cardiovascular toxicity. In a pivotal phase two clinical trial, more than 90% of patients achieved partial responses and disease stabilization with the improvement of hypertension. Furthermore, many patients exhibited long-term persistent antineoplastic effects. Currently, the high-specific-activity I-131-MIBG is the only approved therapy in the US for patients with metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. This review will discuss the historical development of high-specific-activity I-131-MIBG, its benefits and adverse events, and future directions for clinical practice applicability and trial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Jimenez
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1461, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - William Erwin
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1461, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Beth Chasen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alexander N, Marrano P, Thorner P, Naranjo A, Van Ryn C, Martinez D, Batra V, Zhang L, Irwin MS, Baruchel S. Prevalence and Clinical Correlations of Somatostatin Receptor-2 (SSTR2) Expression in Neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:222-7. [PMID: 30334904 DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000001326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alternative radiolabeled, targeted agents are being investigated for children with relapsed neuroblastoma (NB) who do not respond to I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy. (DOTA-Tyr)-octreotate targets somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), particularly SSTR2, which are expressed on NB cells. We investigated SSTR2 expression in NB tumors (36 high-risk [HR]; 33 non-HR patients) and correlated SSTR2 levels with clinical features, norepinephrine transporter (NET) expression, and MIBG avidity. SSTR2 and NET immunohistochemistry scores (0 to 3) were calculated on biopsies using digital image analysis based on staining intensity and distribution. Clinical data were correlated with SSTR2 expression. Median SSTR2 score for 69 patients was 1.31 (0.26 to 2.55). Non-HR NB was associated with a higher SSTR2 score (P=0.032). The SSTR2 expression did not correlate with age, International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage, MYCN amplification and histology. Higher SSTR2 scores were observed in MIBG-avid versus MIBG-nonavid NB. SSTR2 score was not significantly associated with NET score (r=-0.062, P=0.62). Twenty-six patients who relapsed or progressed had a median SSTR2 score of 1.33 (0.26 to 2.55). Patients with NB including relapsed or progressive disease showed SSTR2 expression at diagnosis, suggesting they could be candidates for radiolabeled-DOTA-conjugated peptide imaging or therapy.
Collapse
|
31
|
Arakawa R, Stenkrona P, Takano A, Svensson J, Andersson M, Nag S, Asami Y, Hirano Y, Halldin C, Lundberg J. Venlafaxine ER Blocks the Norepinephrine Transporter in the Brain of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: a PET Study Using [18F]FMeNER-D2. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:278-285. [PMID: 30649319 PMCID: PMC6441126 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vivo binding of clinical dose of venlafaxine on norepinephrine transporter has been questioned because venlafaxine has higher in vitro affinity to serotonin transporter than that to norepinephrine transporter. Although serotonin transporter occupancy of clinically relevant doses of venlafaxine has been reported, there has been no report of norepinephrine transporter occupancy in the human brain. METHODS This was an open-label, single center, exploratory positron emission tomography study. Twelve major depressive disorder patients who had responded to venlafaxine extended-release and 9 control subjects were recruited. Each subject participated in one positron emission tomography measurement with [18F]FMeNER-D2. Binding potential in brain was quantified by the area under the curve ratio method with thalamus as target and white matter as reference regions. The difference of binding potential values between control and patient groups divided to 2 dose ranges were evaluated. Norepinephrine transporter occupancy (%) for all the major depressive disorder patients was calculated using mean binding potential of control subjects as baseline. The relationships between dose or plasma concentration of total active moiety and occupancies of norepinephrine transporter were also estimated. RESULTS The binding potential of the patient group with 150 to 300 mg/d was significantly lower than that in the control subjects group (P = .0004 < .05/2). The norepinephrine transporter occupancy (8-61%) increased in a dose-dependent manner although a clear difference beyond 150 mg/d was not observed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that clinically relevant doses of venlafaxine extended-release block the norepinephrine transporter of the major depressive disorder patient's brain. The data support the notion that the antidepressant effect of venlafaxine involves a combination of serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter blockades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Arakawa
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden,Correspondence: Ryosuke Arakawa, MD, PhD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden. Post address: Karolinska University Hospital Solna, R5:02, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden ()
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Svensson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Max Andersson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuko Asami
- Central Nervous System, Medical Affairs, Pfizer Essential Health, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirano
- Central Nervous System, Medical Affairs, Pfizer Essential Health, Pfizer Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
López-Picón FR, Kirjavainen AK, Forsback S, Takkinen JS, Peters D, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O. In vivo characterization of a novel norepinephrine transporter PET tracer [ 18F]NS12137 in adult and immature Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:11-19. [PMID: 30662550 PMCID: PMC6332804 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine modulates cognitive processes such as working and episodic memory. Pathological changes in norepinephrine and norepinephrine transporter (NET) function and degeneration of the locus coeruleus produce irreversible impairments within the whole norepinephrine system, disrupting cognitive processes. Monitoring these changes could enhance diagnostic accuracy and support development of novel therapeutic components for several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we aimed to develop a straightforward nucleophilic fluorination method with high molar activity for the novel NET radiotracer [18F]NS12137 and to demonstrate the ability of [18F]NS12137 to quantify changes in NET expression. Methods: We applied an 18F-radiolabeling method in which a brominated precursor was debrominated by nucleophilic 18F-fluorination in dimethyl sulfoxide. Radiolabeling was followed by a deprotection step, purification, and formulation of the radiotracer. The [18F]NS12137 brain uptake and distribution were studied with in vivo PET/CT and ex vivo autoradiography using both adult and immature Sprague-Dawley rats because postnatal NET expression peaks at 10-20 days post birth. The NET specificity for the tracer was demonstrated by pretreatment of the animals with nisoxetine, which is well-known to have a high affinity for NET. Results: [18F]NS12137 was successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 18.6±5.6%, radiochemical purity of >99%, and molar activity of >500 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. The in vivo [18F]NS12137 uptake showed peak standard uptake values (SUV) of over 1.5 (adult) and 2.2 (immature) in the different brain regions. Peak SUV/30 min and peak SUV/60 min ratios were calculated for the different brain regions of the adult and immature rats, with a peak SUV/60 min ratio of more than 4.5 in the striatum of adult rats. As expected, in vivo studies demonstrated uptake of the tracer in brain areas rich in NET, particularly thalamus, neocortex, and striatum, and remarkably also in the locus coeruleus, a quite small volume for imaging with PET. The uptake was significantly higher in immature rats compared to the adult animals. Ex vivo studies using autoradiography showed very strong specific binding in NET-rich areas such as the locus coeruleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and high binding in larger grey matter areas such as the neocortex and striatum. The uptake of [18F]NS12137 was dramatically reduced both in vivo and ex vivo by pretreatment with nisoxetine, demonstrating the specificity of binding. Conclusions: [18F]NS12137 was synthesized in good yield and high molar activity and demonstrated the characteristics of a good radiotracer, such as good brain penetration, fast washout, and high specific binding to NET.
Collapse
|
33
|
Arakawa R, Takano A, Halldin C. Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporter Occupancy of Tramadol in Nonhuman Primate Using Positron Emission Tomography. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 22:53-56. [PMID: 30346535 PMCID: PMC6313119 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tramadol, a centrally acting analgesic drug, has relatively high affinity to serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter in addition to μ-opioid receptor. Based on this characteristic, tramadol is expected to have an antidepressant effect. METHODS Positron emission tomography measurements with [11C]MADAM and [18F]FMeNER-D2 were performed at baseline and after i.v. administration of 3 different doses (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) of tramadol using 6 cynomolgus monkeys. The relationship between dose and occupancy for serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter was estimated. RESULTS Tramadol occupied similarly both serotonin transporter (40%-72%) and norepinephrine transporter (7%-73%) in a dose-dependent manner. The Kd was 2.2 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg for serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Both serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter of in vivo brain were blocked at >70% at a clinically relevant high dose of tramadol. This study suggests tramadol has potential antidepressant effects through the inhibition of serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden,Correspondence: Ryosuke Arakawa, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:02, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden ()
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Farrar MJ, Kolkman KE, Fetcho JR. Features of the structure, development, and activity of the zebrafish noradrenergic system explored in new CRISPR transgenic lines. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:2493-2508. [PMID: 30070695 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The noradrenergic (NA) system of vertebrates is implicated in learning, memory, arousal, and neuroinflammatory responses, but is difficult to access experimentally. Small and optically transparent, larval zebrafish offer the prospect of exploration of NA structure and function in an intact animal. We made multiple transgenic zebrafish lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to insert fluorescent reporters upstream of slc6a2, the norepinephrine transporter gene. These lines faithfully express reporters in NA cell populations, including the locus coeruleus (LC), which contains only about 14 total neurons. We used the lines in combination with two-photon microscopy to explore the structure and projections of the NA system in the context of the columnar organization of cell types in the zebrafish hindbrain. We found robust alignment of NA projections with glutamatergic neurotransmitter stripes in some hindbrain segments, suggesting orderly relations to neuronal cell types early in life. We also quantified neurite density in the rostral spinal cord in individual larvae with as much as 100% difference in the number of LC neurons, and found no correlation between neuronal number in the LC and projection density in the rostral spinal cord. Finally, using light sheet microscopy, we performed bilateral calcium imaging of the entire LC. We found that large-amplitude calcium responses were evident in all LC neurons and showed bilateral synchrony, whereas small-amplitude events were more likely to show interhemispheric asynchrony, supporting the potential for targeted LC neuromodulation. Our observations and new transgenic lines set the stage for a deeper understanding of the NA system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Farrar
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.,Department of Math, Physics and Statistics, Messiah College, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristine E Kolkman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Joseph R Fetcho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stout K, Bernaskova M, Miller GW, Hufner A, Schuehly W. Bioinspired Honokiol Analogs and Their Evaluation for Activity on the Norepinephrine Transporter. Molecules 2018; 23:E2536. [PMID: 30287800 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional Asian medicinal systems, preparations of the root and stem bark of Magnolia species are widely used to treat anxiety and other nervous disturbances. The biphenyl-type neolignans honokiol and magnolol are the main constituents of Magnolia bark extracts. In the central nervous system, Magnolia bark preparations that contain honokiol are thought to primarily interact with γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors. However, stress responses inherently involve the noradrenergic system, which has not been investigated in the pharmacological mechanism of honokiol. We present here interactions of honokiol and other synthesized biphenyl-type neolignans and diphenylmethane analogs with the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which is responsible for the synaptic clearance of norepinephrine and the target of many anxiolytics. Of the synthesized compounds, 16 are new chemical entities, which are fully characterized. The 52 compounds tested show mild, non-potent interactions with NET (IC50 > 100 µM). It is thus likely that the observed anxiolytic effects of, e.g., Magnolia preparations, are not due to direct interaction with the noradrenergic system.
Collapse
|
36
|
Verschure DO, Baas F, van Eck-Smit BLF, Somsen GA, Verberne HJ. Polymorphism of SLC6A2 gene does not influence outcome of myocardial 123I-mIBG scintigraphy in patients with chronic heart failure. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:900-906. [PMID: 27844334 PMCID: PMC5966480 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The NET, encoded by SLC6A2, is responsible for presynaptic NE-reuptake. 123I-mIBG is clinically used to evaluate cardiac sympathetic function. However, it is unknown if polymorphism of SLC6A2 influences cardiac sympathetic activity as assessed with 123I-mIBG. Therefore we studied the influence of SLC6A2 SNPs on myocardial 123I-mIBG parameters in CHF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine adults with stable CHF (age 66.5 ± 8.1 years, LVEF 22.3 ± 6.4) were enrolled. Fifteen minutes (early) and 4 hours (late) after administration of 123I-mIBG planar images were acquired. The H/M ratio was calculated from the manually drawn ROI over the left ventricle and a fixed mediastinal ROI. Fourteen exons of the SLC6A2 gene were analyzed from whole blood samples. RESULTS We found 6 different SLC6A2 SNPs, although none were functional. LVEF was the only independent predictor for early (adjusted R 2 = 0.063, p = 0.045) and late H/M ratio (adjusted R 2 = 0.116, p = 0.010). NT-proBNP was the only independent predictor for 123I-mIBG WO (adjusted R 2 = 0.074, p = 0.032). SLC6A2 SNPs were not associated with any myocardial 123I-mIBG-derived parameter. CONCLUSION In this specific CHF population polymorphism of SLC6A2 gene was not associated with any 123I-mIBG derived parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derk O Verschure
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, Zaans Medical Center, Zaandam, The Netherlands.
| | - F Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berthe L F van Eck-Smit
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Aernout Somsen
- Cardiology Centers of the Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J Verberne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
DuBois SG, Mody R, Naranjo A, Van Ryn C, Russ D, Oldridge D, Kreissman S, Baker DL, Parisi M, Shulkin BL, Bai H, Diskin SJ, Batra V, Maris JM, Park JR, Matthay KK, Yanik G. MIBG avidity correlates with clinical features, tumor biology, and outcomes in neuroblastoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64:10.1002/pbc.26545. [PMID: 28383813 PMCID: PMC5605392 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that neuroblastomas that do not accumulate metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) on diagnostic imaging (MIBG non-avid) may have more favorable features compared with MIBG avid tumors. We compared clinical features, biologic features, and clinical outcomes between patients with MIBG nonavid and MIBG avid neuroblastoma. PROCEDURE Patients had metastatic high- or intermediate-risk neuroblastoma and were treated on Children's Oncology Group protocols A3973 or A3961. Comparisons of clinical and biologic features according to MIBG avidity were made with chi-squared or Fisher exact tests. Event-free (EFS) and overall (OS) survival compared using log-rank tests and modeled using Cox models. RESULTS Thirty of 343 patients (8.7%) had MIBG nonavid disease. Patients with nonavid tumors were less likely to have adrenal primary tumors (34.5 vs. 57.2%; P = 0.019), bone metastases (36.7 vs. 61.7%; P = 0.008), or positive urine catecholamines (66.7 vs. 91.0%; P < 0.001) compared with patients with MIBG avid tumors. Nonavid tumors were more likely to be MYCN amplified (53.8 vs. 32.6%; P = 0.030) and had lower norepinephrine transporter expression. Patients with MIBG nonavid disease had a 5-year EFS of 50.0% compared with 38.7% for patients with MIBG avid disease (P = 0.028). On multivariate testing in high-risk patients, MIBG avidity was the sole adverse prognostic factor for EFS identified (hazard ratio 1.77; 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.99; P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MIBG nonavid neuroblastoma have lower rates of adrenal primary tumors, bone metastasis, and catecholamine secretion. Despite being more likely to have MYCN-amplified tumors, these patients have superior outcomes compared with patients with MIBG avid disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajen Mody
- CS Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Children’s Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Collin Van Ryn
- Children’s Oncology Group Statistics and Data Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Douglas Russ
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Oldridge
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - David L. Baker
- Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia
| | - Marguerite Parisi
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Harrison Bai
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon J. Diskin
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vandana Batra
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M. Maris
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie R. Park
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katherine K. Matthay
- UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital and University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Gregory Yanik
- CS Mott Children’s Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kirjavainen AK, Forsback S, López-Picón FR, Marjamäki P, Takkinen J, Haaparanta-Solin M, Peters D, Solin O. 18F-labeled norepinephrine transporter tracer [ 18F]NS12137: radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 56:39-46. [PMID: 29172120 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with malfunction of brain norepinephrine transporter (NET). However, current clinical evaluations of NET function are limited by the lack of sufficiently sensitive methods of detection. To this end, we have synthesized exo-3-[(6-[18F]fluoro-2-pyridyl)oxy]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane ([18F]NS12137) as a radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) and have demonstrated that it is highly specific for in vivo detection of NET-rich regions of rat brain tissue. METHODS We applied two methods of electrophilic, aromatic radiofluorination of the precursor molecule, exo-3-[(6-trimethylstannyl-2-pyridyl)oxy]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate: (1) direct labeling with [18F]F2, and (2) labeling with [18F]Selectfluor, a derivative of [18F]F2, using post-target produced [18F]F2. The time-dependent distribution of [18F]NS12137 in brain tissue of healthy, adult Sprague-Dawley rats was determined by ex vivo autoradiography. The specificity of [18F]NS12137 binding was demonstrated on the basis of competitive binding by nisoxetine, a known NET antagonist of high specificity. RESULTS [18F]NS12137 was successfully synthesized with radiochemical yields of 3.9% ± 0.3% when labeled with [18F]F2 and 10.2% ± 2.7% when labeled with [18F]Selectfluor. The molar activity of radiotracer was 8.8 ± 0.7 GBq/μmol with [18F]F2 labeling and 6.9 ± 0.4 GBq/μmol with [18F]Selectfluor labeling at the end of synthesis of [18F]NS12137. Uptake of [18F]NS12137 in NET-rich areas in rat brain was demonstrated with the locus coeruleus (LCoe) having the highest regional uptake. Prior treatment of rats with nisoxetine showed no detectable [18F]NS12137 in the LCoe. Analyses of whole brain samples for radiometabolites showed only the parent compound [18F]NS12137. Uptake of 18F-radioactivity in bone increased with time. CONCLUSIONS The two electrophilic 18F-labeling methods proved to be suitable for synthesis of [18F]NS12137 with the [18F]Selectfluor method providing an approximate three-fold higher yield than the [18F]F2 method. As an electrostatically neutral radiotracer [18F]NS12137 crosses the blood-brain barrier and enabled specific labeling of NET-rich regions of rat brain tissue with the highest concentration in the LCoe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kirjavainen
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sarita Forsback
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco R López-Picón
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jatta Takkinen
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Preclinical Imaging, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dan Peters
- DanPET AB, Malmö, Sweden; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olof Solin
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is essential for norepinephrine uptake at the synaptic terminals and adrenal chromaffin cells. In neuroendocrine tumors, NET can be targeted for imaging as well as therapy. One of the most widely used theranostic agents targeting NET is metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), a guanethidine analog of norepinephrine. 123I/131I-MIBG theranostics have been applied in the clinical evaluation and management of neuroendocrine tumors, especially in neuroblastoma, paraganglioma, and pheochromocytoma. 123I-MIBG imaging is a mainstay in the evaluation of neuroblastoma, and 131I-MIBG has been used for the treatment of relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma for several years, however, the outcome remains suboptimal. 131I-MIBG has essentially been only palliative in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma patients. Various techniques of improving therapeutic outcomes, such as dosimetric estimations, high-dose therapies, multiple fractionated administration and combination therapy with radiation sensitizers, chemotherapy, and other radionuclide therapies, are being evaluated. PET tracers targeting NET appear promising and may be more convenient options for the imaging and assessment after treatment. Here, we present an overview of NET as a target for theranostics; review its current role in some neuroendocrine tumors, such as neuroblastoma, paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma, and carcinoids; and discuss approaches to improving targeting and theranostic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shakeel Modak
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moriguchi S, Takano H, Kimura Y, Nagashima T, Takahata K, Kubota M, Kitamura S, Ishii T, Ichise M, Zhang MR, Shimada H, Mimura M, Meyer JH, Higuchi M, Suhara T. Occupancy of Norepinephrine Transporter by Duloxetine in Human Brains Measured by Positron Emission Tomography with (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:957-962. [PMID: 29016875 PMCID: PMC5716070 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The norepinephrine transporter in the brain has been targeted in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Duloxetine is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that has been widely used for the treatment of depression. However, the relationship between dose and plasma concentration of duloxetine and norepinephrine transporter occupancy in the human brain has not been determined. In this study, we examined norepinephrine transporter occupancy by different doses of duloxetine. METHODS We calculated norepinephrine transporter occupancies from 2 positron emission tomography scans using (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2 before and after a single oral dose of duloxetine (20 mg, n = 3; 40 mg, n = 3; 60 mg, n =2). Positron emission tomography scans were performed from 120 to 180 minutes after an i.v. bolus injection of (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2. Venous blood samples were taken to measure the plasma concentration of duloxetine just before and after the second positron emission tomography scan. RESULTS Norepinephrine transporter occupancy by duloxetine was 29.7% at 20 mg, 30.5% at 40 mg, and 40.0% at 60 mg. The estimated dose of duloxetine inducing 50% norepinephrine transporter occupancy was 76.8 mg, and the estimated plasma drug concentration inducing 50% norepinephrine transporter occupancy was 58.0 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS Norepinephrine transporter occupancy by clinical doses of duloxetine was approximately 30% to 40% in human brain as estimated using positron emission tomography with (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura),Correspondence: Sho Moriguchi, MD, PhD, Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8555, Japan ()
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Tomohisa Nagashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Soichiro Kitamura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Tatsuya Ishii
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Hitoshi Shimada
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Jeffrey H Meyer
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takano, Kimura, Nagashima, Takahata, Kubota, Kitamura, Ishii, Ichise, Zhang, Shimada, Higuchi, and Suhara); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Drs Moriguchi, Takahata, and Mimura); Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada (Drs Moriguchi and Meyer); Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan (Dr Takano); Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan (Dr Kimura)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yatham LN, Sossi V, Ding YS, Vafai N, Arumugham SS, Dhanoa T, Lam RW, Bond DJ, Puyat JH. A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Norepinephrine Transporter Occupancy and Its Correlation with Symptom Response in Depressed Patients Treated with Quetiapine XR. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 21:108-113. [PMID: 29016993 PMCID: PMC5793822 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quetiapine is effective in treating depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, but the mechanisms underlying its antidepressants effects are unknown. Norquetiapine, a metabolite of quetiapine, has high affinity for norepinephrine transporter, which might account for its therapeutic efficacy. METHODS In this study, we used positron emission tomography with (S,S)-[11C]O-methyl reboxetine to estimate norepinephrine transporter density and assess the relationship between norepinephrine transporter occupancy by quetiapine XR and improvement in depression in patients with major depressive disorder (n=5) and bipolar disorder (n=5). After the baseline positron emission tomography scan, patients were treated with quetiapine XR with a target dose of 150 mg in major depressive disorder and 300 mg in bipolar disorder. Patients had a second positron emission tomography scan at the end of week 2 and a final scan at week 7. RESULTS Norepinephrine transporter density was significantly lower in locus ceruleus in patients compared with healthy subjects. Further, there was a significant positive correlation between quetiapine XR dose and norepinephrine transporter occupancy in locus ceruleus at week 2. The norepinephrine transporter occupancy at week 2 in hypothalamus but not in other regions predicted improvement in depression as reflected by reduction in MADRS scores from baseline to week 7. The estimated dose of quetiapine XR associated with 50% norepinephrine transporter occupancy in hypothalamus at week 2 was 256 mg and the estimated plasma levels of norquetiapine to achieve 50% norepinephrine transporter occupancy was 36.8 µg/L. CONCLUSION These data provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that norepinephrine transporter occupancy by norquetiapine may be a contributor to the antidepressant effects of quetiapine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Correspondence: Lakshmi N. Yatham, MBBS, Professor of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, UBC Hospital, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 2A1 (
| | - Vesna Sossi
- TRIUMF Positron Emission Tomography Program , The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry and Chemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nasim Vafai
- TRIUMF Positron Emission Tomography Program , The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shyam Sundar Arumugham
- Department of Psychiatry The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Taj Dhanoa
- Department of Psychiatry The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Bond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph H Puyat
- Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Meng L, Chen D, Pei F, Hui R, Zheng Y, Chen J. DNA methylation in the norepinephrine transporter gene promoter region is not associated with depression and hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:539-545. [PMID: 28737436 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1288737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to detect the role of DNA methylation in norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene promoter region on the association between depression and hypertension. METHODS A total of 162 subjects were categorized into four groups based on depression scores and blood pressure. DNA was extracted from peripheral white blood cells and methylation levels of nine CpG sites in NET gene promoter region were investigated by pyrosequencing. RESULTS For each CpG site and the average value of nine CpG sites, there were no significant differences in DNA methylation of the NET gene promoter between healthy controls and patients with depression or hypertension. And there were no significant differences among groups after adjusting for age and body mass index. However, DNA methylation levels of the CpG sites adjacent to transcription start site tended to be low. In addition, CpG1.2-CpG5.2 were highly correlated with CpG4 as the first principle component, while CpG2 and the part of CpG1 and 3 were the second principle components. The total participants were clustered into three subgroups by hierarchical cluster analysis of methylated levels. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that DNA methylation levels of nine CpG sites in NET gene promoter region are not associated with depression and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Meng
- a Department of General Internal Medicine , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- b Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , P. R. China
| | - Fei Pei
- b Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , P. R. China
| | - Rutai Hui
- c Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- b Department of Cardiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin Province , P. R. China
| | - Jingzhou Chen
- c Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jung YW, Jang KS, Gu G, Koeppe RA, Sherman PS, Quesada CA, Raffel DM. [ 18F]Fluoro-Hydroxyphenethylguanidines: Efficient Synthesis and Comparison of Two Structural Isomers as Radiotracers of Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1530-1542. [PMID: 28322043 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeled phenethylguanidines are currently under development in our laboratory as radiotracers for quantifying regional cardiac sympathetic nerve density using PET imaging techniques. In this study, we report an efficient synthesis of 18F-hydroxyphenethylguanidines consisting of nucleophilic aromatic [18F]fluorination of a protected diaryliodonium salt precursor followed by a single deprotection step to afford the desired radiolabeled compound. This approach has been shown to reliably produce 4-[18F]fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine ([18F]4F-MHPG, [18F]1) and its structural isomer 3-[18F]fluoro-p-hydroxyphenethylguanidine ([18F]3F-PHPG, [18F]2) with good radiochemical yields. Preclinical evaluations of [18F]2 in nonhuman primates were performed to compare its imaging properties, metabolism, and myocardial kinetics with those obtained previously with [18F]1. The results of these studies have demonstrated that [18F]2 exhibits imaging properties comparable to those of [18F]1. Myocardial tracer kinetic analysis of each tracer provides quantitative metrics of cardiac sympathetic nerve density. Based on these findings, first-in-human PET studies with [18F]1 and [18F]2 are currently in progress to assess their ability to accurately measure regional cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with heart disease, with the ultimate goal of selecting a lead compound for further clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Woon Jung
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Keun Sam Jang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Guie Gu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Phillip S. Sherman
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Carole A. Quesada
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David M. Raffel
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department
of Radiology, 2276 Medical
Sciences I Building, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liebe T, Li S, Lord A, Colic L, Krause AL, Batra A, Kretzschmar MA, Sweeney-Reed CM, Behnisch G, Schott BH, Walter M. Factors Influencing the Cardiovascular Response to Subanesthetic Ketamine: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:909-918. [PMID: 29099972 PMCID: PMC5737852 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of ketamine as a potential rapid-onset antidepressant necessitates a better understanding of its effects on blood pressure and heart rate, well-known side effects at higher doses. For the subanesthetic dose used for depression, potential predictors of these cardiovascular effects are important factors influencing clinical decisions. Since ketamine influences the sympathetic nervous system, we investigated the impact of autonomic nervous system-related factors on the cardiovascular response: a genetic polymorphism in the norepinephrine transporter and gender effects. METHODS Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during and following administration of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine or placebo in 68 healthy participants (mean age 26.04 ±5.562 years) in a double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel-design trial. The influences of baseline blood pressure/heart rate, gender, and of a polymorphism in the norepinephrine transporter gene (NET SLC6A2, rs28386840 [A-3081T]) on blood pressure and heart rate changes were investigated. To quantify changes in blood pressure and heart rate, we calculated the maximum change from baseline (ΔMAX) and the time until maximum change (TΔMAX). RESULTS Systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate increased significantly upon ketamine administration, but without reaching hypertensive levels. During administration, the systolic blood pressure at baseline (TP0Sys) correlated negatively with the time to achieve maximal systolic blood pressure (TΔMAXSys, P<.001). Furthermore, women showed higher maximal diastolic blood pressure change (ΔMAXDia, P<.001) and reached this peak earlier than men (TΔMAXDia, P=.017) at administration. NET rs28386840 [T] carriers reached their maximal systolic blood pressure during ketamine administration significantly earlier than [A] homozygous (TΔMAXSys, P=.030). In a combined regression model, both genetic polymorphism and TP0Sys were significant predictors of TΔMAXSys (P<.0005). CONCLUSIONS Subanesthetic ketamine increased both blood pressure and heart rate without causing hypertensive events. Furthermore, we identified gender and NET rs28386840 genotype as factors that predict increased cardiovascular sequelae of ketamine administration in our young, healthy study population providing a potential basis for establishing monitoring guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liebe
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter).,Correspondence: Martin Walter, MD, Head, Translational Psychiatry, General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Calwer Str. 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ()
| | - Shijia Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Anton Lord
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Lejla Colic
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Anna Linda Krause
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Anil Batra
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Moritz A Kretzschmar
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Gusalija Behnisch
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Björn H Schott
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Dr Liebe, Ms Colic, and Dr Krause); School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China (Dr Li); Department of Immunology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia (Dr Lord); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Dr Batra); Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Dr Kretzschmar) and Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation (Dr Sweeney-Reed), University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany; Behavioural Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany (Ms Behnisch and Dr Schott); Translational Psychiatry Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Drs Liebe and Walter)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shalabi AR, Walther D, Baumann MH, Glennon RA. Deconstructed Analogues of Bupropion Reveal Structural Requirements for Transporter Inhibition versus Substrate-Induced Neurotransmitter Release. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1397-1403. [PMID: 28220701 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bupropion (1), an α-aminophenone uptake inhibitor at plasma membrane transporters for dopamine (DAT) and norepinephrine (NET), is a widely prescribed antidepressant and smoking cessation aid. Cathinone (2), a structurally simpler α-aminophenone, is a substrate-type releasing agent at the same transporters and a recognized drug of abuse. Our goal was to identify the structural features of α-aminophenones that govern the mechanistic transition from uptake inhibition to substrate-induced release. Deconstructed analogues of 1 were synthesized and compared for their ability to interact with DAT, NET, and the serotonin transporter (SERT) using in vitro assay methods. Bulky amine substituents resulted in compounds that function as DAT uptake inhibitors but not release agents, whereas smaller amine substituents result in relatively nonselective releasing agents at DAT and NET. Our findings add to empirical evidence supporting distinct molecular determinants for α-aminophenone- (i.e., cathinone-) related agents acting as transporter inhibitors versus those acting as releasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman R. Shalabi
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 United States
| | - Donna Walther
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael H. Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Richard A. Glennon
- Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298 United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhao Y, Zhong X, Ou X, Cai H, Wu X, Huang R. Cotransfecting norepinephrine transporter and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 genes for increased retention of metaiodobenzylguanidine labeled with iodine 131 in malignant hepatocarcinoma cells. Front Med 2017; 11:120-128. [PMID: 28213878 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Norepinephrine transporter (NET) transfection leads to significant uptake of iodine-131-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) in non-neuroendocrine tumors. However, the use of 131I-MIBG is limited by its short retention time in target cells. To prolong the retention of 131I-MIBG in target cells, we infected hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells with Lentivirus-encoding human NET and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) genes to obtain NET-expressing, NET-VMAT2-coexpressing, and negative-control cell lines. We evaluated the uptake and efflux of 131I-MIBG both in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing transfected tumors. NET-expressing and NET-VMAT2-coexpressing cells respectively showed 2.24 and 2.22 times higher 131I-MIBG uptake than controls. Two hours after removal of 131I-MIBG-containing medium, 25.4% efflux was observed in NET-VMAT2-coexpressing cells and 38.6% in NET-expressing cells. In vivo experiments were performed in nude mice bearing transfected tumors; results revealed that NET-VMAT2-coexpressing tumors had longer 131I-MIBG retention time than NET-expressing tumors. Meanwhile, NET-VMAT2-coexpressing and NET-expressing tumors displayed 0.54% and 0.19%, respectively, of the injected dose per gram of tissue 24 h after 131I-MIBG administration. Cotransfection of HepG2 cells with NET and VMAT2 resulted in increased 131I-MIBG uptake and retention. However, the degree of increase was insufficient to be therapeutically effective in target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Ou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ayala-Lopez N, Thompson JM, Watts SW. Perivascular Adipose Tissue's Impact on Norepinephrine-Induced Contraction of Mesenteric Resistance Arteries. Front Physiol 2017; 8:37. [PMID: 28228728 PMCID: PMC5296360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can decrease vascular contraction to NE. We tested the hypothesis that metabolism and/or uptake of vasoactive amines by mesenteric PVAT (MPVAT) could affect NE-induced contraction of the mesenteric resistance arteries. Methods: Mesenteric resistance vessels (MRV) and MPVAT from male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. RT-PCR and Western blots were performed to detect amine metabolizing enzymes. The Amplex® Red Assay was used to quantify oxidase activity by detecting the oxidase reaction product H2O2 and the contribution of PVAT on the mesenteric arteries' contraction to NE was measured by myography. Results: Semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) were detected in MRV and MPVAT by Western blot. Addition of the amine oxidase substrates tyramine or benzylamine (1 mM) resulted in higher amine oxidase activity in the MRV, MPVAT, MPVAT's adipocyte fraction (AF), and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Inhibiting SSAO with semicarbazide (1 mM) decreased amine oxidase activity in the MPVAT and AF. Benzylamine-driven, but not tyramine-driven, oxidase activity in the MRV was reduced by semicarbazide. By contrast, no reduction in oxidase activity in all sample types was observed with use of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline (1 μM) or pargyline (1 μM). Inhibition of MAO-A/B or SSAO individually did not alter contraction to NE. However, inhibition of both MAO and SSAO increased the potency of NE at mesenteric arteries with PVAT. Addition of MAO and SSAO inhibitors along with the H2O2 scavenger catalase reduced PVAT's anti-contractile effect to NE. Inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) with nisoxetine also reduced PVAT's anti-contractile effect to NE. Conclusions: PVAT's uptake and metabolism of NE may contribute to the anti-contractile effect of PVAT. MPVAT and adipocytes within MPVAT are a source of SSAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ayala-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Janice M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bresch A, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Becker GA, Reissig G, Patt M, Ding YS, Hilbert A, Sabri O, Hesse S. Emotional eating and in vivo norepinephrine transporter availability in obesity: A [ 11 C]MRB PET pilot study. Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:152-156. [PMID: 27611116 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional eating (EE) has been linked to norepinephrine dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between EE and norepinephrine transporter (NET) availability. METHOD Ten severely obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) 42.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2 ) and ten non-obese, healthy controls (BMI 23.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2 ) matched for age and sex were studied using (S,S)-[11 C]-O-methylreboxetine ([11 C]MRB) positron emission tomography (PET). Kinetic modeling of regional tissue time activity curves was performed using multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2, with the occipital cortex as a reference region) to estimate binding potential based on individual PET-MR coregistration. To test for associations of EE and NET availability, participants completed the EE subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire before scanning. RESULTS Obese individuals and non-obese, healthy controls did not significantly differ regarding EE scores and regional NET availability. For obese individuals only, correlative data analyses pointed to a sinoidal distribution pattern as a higher degree of EE related to lower NET availability in the locus coeruleus and to higher NET availability in the left thalamus. DISCUSSION These results indicate that central in vivo NET availability is altered in EE of individuals with obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:152-156).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bresch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G A Becker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Reissig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Y-S Ding
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - A Hilbert
- Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.,Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Haddad Y, Heger Z, Adam V. Targeting Neuroblastoma Cell Surface Proteins: Recommendations for Homology Modeling of hNET, ALK, and TrkB. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:7. [PMID: 28163672 PMCID: PMC5247432 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is a promising approach for treatment of neuroblastoma as evident from the large number of targeting agents employed in clinical practice today. In the absence of known crystal structures, researchers rely on homology modeling to construct template-based theoretical structures for drug design and testing. Here, we discuss three candidate cell surface proteins that are suitable for homology modeling: human norepinephrine transporter (hNET), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (NTRK2 or TrkB). When choosing templates, both sequence identity and structure quality are important for homology modeling and pose the first of many challenges in the modeling process. Homology modeling of hNET can be improved using template models of dopamine and serotonin transporters instead of the leucine transporter (LeuT). The extracellular domains of ALK and TrkB are yet to be exploited by homology modeling. There are several idiosyncrasies that require direct attention throughout the process of model construction, evaluation and refinement. Shifts/gaps in the alignment between the template and target, backbone outliers and side-chain rotamer outliers are among the main sources of physical errors in the structures. Low-conserved regions can be refined with loop modeling method. Residue hydrophobicity, accessibility to bound metals or glycosylation can aid in model refinement. We recommend resolving these idiosyncrasies as part of "good modeling practice" to obtain highest quality model. Decreasing physical errors in protein structures plays major role in the development of targeting agents and understanding of chemical interactions at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of TechnologyBrno, Czechia
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of TechnologyBrno, Czechia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in BrnoBrno, Czechia; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of TechnologyBrno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The human dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters (hDAT, hNET, and hSERT) are carriers of neurotransmitters and targets for many drugs. Pioneering works in the past three years to elucidate experimental models of the Drosophila dDAT and human hSERT structures will rapidly impact the field of neuroscience. Here, we evaluated automated homology-based human models of these transporters, employing systematic physics-based, knowledge-based, and empirical-based check. Modeling guidelines were conveyed with attention to the central binding site (S1), secondary binding site (S2), and the extracellular loops EL2 and EL4. Application of new experimental models (dDAT and hSERT) will improve the accuracy of homology models, previously utilizing prokaryotic leucine transporter (LeuT) structure, and provide better predictions of ligand interactions, which is required for understanding of cellular mechanisms and for development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Haddad
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova
123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova
123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova
123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|