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Malyarenko TV, Kicha AA, Kuzmich AS, Malyarenko OS, Kalinovsky AI, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Ivanchina NV, Stonik VA. New Rare Triterpene Glycosides from Pacific Sun Star, Solaster pacificus, and Their Anticancer Activity. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:19. [PMID: 38248644 PMCID: PMC10820528 DOI: 10.3390/md22010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Six previously unknown triterpene glycosides, pacificusosides L-Q (1-6), and two previously known triterpene glycosides, cucumariosides B1 (7) and A5 (8), were isolated from an alcoholic extract of Pacific sun star, Solaster pacificus. The structures of 1-6 were determined using 1D and 2D NMR, ESIMS, and chemical modifications. Compound 1 is a rare type of triterpene glycoside with non-holostane aglycon, having a linear trisaccharide carbohydrate chain. Pacificusosides M-P (2-5) have new structures containing a Δ8(9)-3,16,18-trihydroxy tetracyclic triterpene moiety. This tetracyclic fragment in sea star or sea cucumber triterpene glycosides was described for the first time. All the compounds under study exhibit low or moderate cytotoxic activity against colorectal carcinoma HCT 116 cells, and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed by MTS assay. Compound 2 effectively suppresses the colony formation of cancer cells at a non-toxic concentration, using the soft-agar assay. A scratch assay has shown a significant anti-invasive potential of compound 2 against HCT 116 cells, but not against MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey V. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Russky Island, Ajax Bay, 10, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alla A. Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Alexandra S. Kuzmich
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Olesya S. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Roman S. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (A.S.K.); (O.S.M.); (A.I.K.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (N.V.I.)
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Zelepuga EA, Panina EG, Stepanov VG, Kalinin VI, Dmitrenok PS. Sulfated Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi: Djakonoviosides C 1, D 1, E 1, and F 1; Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:602. [PMID: 38132923 PMCID: PMC10744391 DOI: 10.3390/md21120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new mono- and trisulfated triterpene penta- and tetraosides, djakonoviosides C1 (1), D1 (2), E1 (3), and F1 (4) were isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), along with six known glycosides found earlier in other Cucumaria species. The structures of unreported compounds were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HR-ESI-MS data. The set of compounds contains six different types of carbohydrate chains including two new ones. Thus, djakonovioside C1 (1) is characterized by xylose as the second residue, that was a branchpoint in the pentasaccharide chain. Meanwhile, only quinovose and rarely glucose have been found earlier in pentasaccharide chains branched at C-2 of the second sugar unit. Djakonovioside E1 (3) is characterized by a tetrasaccharide trisulfated chain, with glucose as the second residue. So, in the series of isolated glycosides, three types of sugars in the second position were presented: the most common, quinovose-in six compounds; glucose-in three substances; and the rare xylose-in one glycoside. The set of aglycones was composed of holostane- and non-holostane-type polycyclic systems; the latter comprised normal and reduced side chains. Noticeably, isokoreoside A (9), isolated from C. djakonovi, was a single glycoside having a 9(11)-double bond, indicating two oxidosqualenecyclases are operating in the process of the biosynthesis of aglycones. Some of the glycosides from C. djakonovi, which were characterized by pentasaccharide branched chains containing one to three sulfate groups, are chemotaxonomic features of the representatives of the genus Cucumaria. The assortment of sugar parts of Cucumaria's glycosides was broadened with previously undescribed penta- and tetrasaccharide moieties. The metabolic network of sugar parts and aglycones is constructed based on biogenetic relationships. The cytotoxic action of compounds 1-10, isolated from C. djakonovi, against human breast cancer cell lines was investigated along with the hemolytic activity. Erythrocytes were, as usual, more sensitive to the membranolytic action of the glycosides than cancer cells. The triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line was more vulnerable to the action of glycosides in comparison with the other tested cancer cells, while the MCF-7 cell line was less susceptible to cytotoxic action. Djakonovioside E1 (3) demonstrated selective action against ER-positive MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines, while the toxic effect in relation to normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) was absent. Cucumarioside A2-5 (6) inhibited the formation and growth of colonies of cancer cells to 44% and tumor cell migration to 85% of the control. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were calculated on the basis of the correlational analysis of the physicochemical properties and structural features of the glycosidic molecules and their membranolytic activity. QSAR revealed the extremely complex nature of such relationships, but these calculations correlated well with the observed SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Roman S. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Elena A. Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Elena G. Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; (E.G.P.); (V.G.S.)
| | - Vadim G. Stepanov
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; (E.G.P.); (V.G.S.)
| | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
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Silva GCC, Machado MDA, Sakumoto K, Inumaro RS, Gonçalves JE, Mandim F, Vaz J, do Valle JS, Faria MGI, Ruiz SP, Piau Junior R, Gonçalves DD, Gazim ZC. Cellular Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiproliferative Activities from the Flowers, Leaves and Fruits of Gallesia integrifolia Spreng Harms. Molecules 2023; 28:5406. [PMID: 37513277 PMCID: PMC10383254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallesia integrifolia, a notable species in the Atlantic Forest, has been traditionally employed in folk medicine for treating rheumatism, asthma, and worms. This study investigated the cellular antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils (EOs) and crude extracts (CEs) from G. integrifolia flowers, fruits, and leaves. The chemical identification of EOs was performed by GC-MS and CEs by UHPLC-MS. Cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through mouse macrophage cell culture. In addition, the antiproliferative potential was evaluated in gastric, colorectal, breast, and lung tumor cell lines and non-tumor VERO cells. EOs predominantly contained organosulfur compounds in flowers (96.29%), fruits (94.94%), and leaves (90.72%). We found the main compound is 2,2'-Disulfanediyldiethanethiol in the EOs of flowers (47.00%), leaves (41.82%), and fruits (44.39%). Phenolic compounds were identified in CEs. The EOs and CEs demonstrated potential against the tumor cell lines tested (GI50 between 51 and 230 µg/mL). The selectivity index values were greater than 1.0 (1.01 to 3.37), suggesting a relative safety profile. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity IC50 ranged from 36.00 to 268 µg/mL, and the cellular oxidation inhibition ranged from 69% to 82%. The results suggest that oils and extracts derived from G. integrifolia have potential for use in various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariane de Almeida Machado
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Karina Sakumoto
- Graduate Program in Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
| | | | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Clean Technologies, UniCesumar, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
- Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, UniCesumar, Maringá 87050-390, Brazil
| | - Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Josiana Vaz
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Maria Graciela Iecher Faria
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Suelen Pereira Ruiz
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Ranulfo Piau Junior
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama 87502-210, Brazil
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Panina EG, Stepanov VG, Kalinin VI, Stonik VA. Djakonoviosides A, A 1, A 2, B 1-B 4 - Triterpene Monosulfated Tetra- and Pentaosides from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi: The First Finding of a Hemiketal Fragment in the Aglycones; Activity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11128. [PMID: 37446305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new monosulfated triterpene glycosides, djakonoviosides A (1), A1 (2), A2 (3), and B1-B4 (4-7), along with three known glycosides found earlier in the other Cucumaria species, namely okhotoside A1-1, cucumarioside A0-1, and frondoside D, have been isolated from the far eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida). The structures were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and confirmed by HR-ESI-MS data. The compounds of groups A and B differ from each other in their carbohydrate chains, namely monosulfated tetrasaccharide chains are inherent to group A and pentasaccharide chains with one sulfate group, branched by C-2 Qui2, are characteristic of group B. The aglycones of djakonoviosides A2 (3), B2 (5), and B4 (7) are characterized by a unique structural feature, a 23,16-hemiketal fragment found first in the sea cucumbers' glycosides. The biosynthetic pathway of its formation is discussed. The set of aglycones of C. djakonovi glycosides was species specific because of the presence of new aglycones. At the same time, the finding in C. djakonovi of the known glycosides isolated earlier from the other species of Cucumaria, as well as the set of carbohydrate chains characteristic of the glycosides of all investigated representatives of the genus Cucumaria, demonstrated the significance of these glycosides as chemotaxonomic markers. The membranolytic actions of compounds 1-7 and known glycosides okhotoside A1-1, cucumarioside A0-1, and frondoside D, isolated from C. djakonovi against human cell lines, including erythrocytes and breast cancer cells (MCF-7, T-47D, and triple negative MDA-MB-231), as well as leukemia HL-60 and the embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line, have been studied. Okhotoside A1-1 was the most active compound from the series because of the presence of a tetrasaccharide linear chain and holostane aglycone with a 7(8)-double bond and 16β-O-acetoxy group, cucumarioside A0-1, having the same aglycone, was slightly less active because of the presence of branching xylose residue at C-2 Qui2. Generally, the activity of the djakonoviosides of group A was higher than that of the djakonoviosides of group B containing the same aglycones, indicating the significance of a linear chain containing four monosaccharide residues for the demonstration of membranolytic action by the glycosides. All the compounds containing hemiketal fragments, djakonovioside A2 (3), B2 (5), and B4 (7), were almost inactive. The most aggressive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was the most sensitive to the glycosides action when compared with the other cancer cells. Okhotoside A1-1 and cucumarioside A0-1 demonstrated promising effects against MDA-MB-231 cells, significantly inhibiting the migration, as well as the formation and growth, of colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena G Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Vadim G Stepanov
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Popov RS, Ivanchina NV, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Malyarenko TV, Stonik VA, Dmitrenok PS. A Mass Spectrometry Database for Sea Cucumber Triterpene Glycosides. Metabolites 2023; 13:783. [PMID: 37512490 PMCID: PMC10384350 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumber triterpene glycosides are a class of secondary metabolites that possess distinctive chemical structures and exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. The application of MS-based approaches for the study of triterpene glycosides allows rapid evaluation of the structural diversity of metabolites in complex mixtures. However, the identification of the detected triterpene glycosides can be challenging. The objective of this study is to establish the first spectral library containing the mass spectra of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The library contains the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectra and retention times of 191 triterpene glycosides previously isolated from 15 sea cucumber species and one starfish at the Laboratory of the Chemistry of Marine Natural Products of the G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. In addition, the chromatographic behavior and some structure-related neutral losses in tandem MS are discussed. The obtained data will accelerate the accurate dereplication of known triterpene glycosides and the annotation of novel compounds, as we demonstrated by the processing of LC-MS/MS data of Eupentacta fraudatrix extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Natalia V Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Timofey V Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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Puspitasari YE, Tuenter E, Foubert K, Herawati H, Hariati AM, Aulanni’am A, Pieters L, De Bruyne T, Hermans N. Saponin and Fatty Acid Profiling of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and the Identification of a Novel Triterpene Glycoside. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041033. [PMID: 36839391 PMCID: PMC9960930 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponin-rich sea cucumber extracts have shown antidiabetic effects in a few reports. Although the triterpene glycosides of sea cucumbers are commonly isolated from their Cuvierian tubules, these are absent in Holothuria atra Jaeger. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the saponin profile in the body wall of H. atra, as well as to assess the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the H. atra extracts. The chemical profiling of sea cucumber extracts was conducted by UPLC-HRMS analysis. This resulted in the tentative identification of 11 compounds, 7 of which have not been reported in the H. Atra body wall before. Additionally, two triterpene glycosides were purified and their structures were elucidated based on HRMS and NMR data: desholothurin B (1), and a novel epimer, 12-epi-desholothurin B (2). Moreover, the fatty acid profile of the H. atra body wall was investigated by GC-MS. It was found that the Me90 fraction of the H. atra body wall showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 value 0.158 ± 0.002 mg/mL), thus making it more potent than acarbose (IC50 value 2.340 ± 0.044 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunita Eka Puspitasari
- Natural Products and Food Research & Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Fish Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65149, Indonesia
- Doctoral Program of Environmental Studies, Postgraduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (Y.E.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Emmy Tuenter
- Natural Products and Food Research & Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products and Food Research & Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Herawati Herawati
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Anik Martinah Hariati
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Aulanni’am Aulanni’am
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products and Food Research & Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- Natural Products and Food Research & Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Natural Products and Food Research & Analysis—Pharmaceutical Technology (NatuRAPT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
- Correspondence: (Y.E.P.); (N.H.)
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7
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Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Grebnev BB, Rasin AB, Kalinin VI. Chilensosides E, F, and G-New Tetrasulfated Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Paracaudina chilensis (Caudinidae, Molpadida): Structures, Activity, and Biogenesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020114. [PMID: 36827155 PMCID: PMC9964569 DOI: 10.3390/md21020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new tetrasulfated triterpene glycosides, chilensosides E (1), F (2), and G (3), have been isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Paracaudina chilensis (Caudinidae, Molpadida). The structures were established based on extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and confirmed by HR-ESI-MS data. The compounds differ in their carbohydrate chains, namely in the number of monosaccharide residues (five or six) and in the positions of sulfate groups. Chilensosides E (1) and F (2) are tetrasulfated pentaosides with the position of one of the sulfate groups at C-3 Glc3, and chilensoside G (3) is a tetrasulfated hexaoside. The biogenetic analysis of the glycosides of P. chilensis has revealed that the structures form a network due to the attachment of sulfate groups to almost all possible positions. The upper semi-chain is sulfated earlier in the biosynthetic process than the lower one. Noticeably, the presence of a sulfate group at C-3 Glc3-a terminal monosaccharide residue in the bottom semi-chain of compounds 1 and 2-excludes the possibility of this sugar chain's further elongation. Presumably, the processes of glycosylation and sulfation are concurrent biosynthetic stages. They can be shifted in time in relation to each other, which is a characteristic feature of the mosaic type of biosynthesis. The hemolytic action of compounds 1-3 against human erythrocytes and cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines were tested. The compounds showed moderate hemolytic activity but were inactive against cancer cells, probably because of their structural peculiarities, such as the combination of positions of four sulfate groups.
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8
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Hobloss S, Bruguière A, Pertuit D, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Belloir C, Lacaille-Dubois MA, Briand L, Mitaine-Offer AC. Activation of a Sweet Taste Receptor by Oleanane-Type Glycosides from Wisteria sinensis. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36431968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. (Fabaceae), commonly known as the Chinese Wisteria, led to the isolation of seven oleanane-type glycosides from an aqueous-ethanolic extract of the roots. Among the seven isolated saponins, two have never been reported before: 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22-O-acetylolean-12-ene-3β,16β,22β,30-tetrol, and 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosylwistariasapogenol A. Based on the close structures between the saponins from W. sinensis, and the glycyrrhizin from licorice, the stimulation of the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2/TAS1R3 by these glycosides was evaluated.
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9
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Malyarenko TV, Malyarenko OS, Kicha AA, Kalinovsky AI, Dmitrenok PS, Ivanchina NV. In Vitro Anticancer and Cancer-Preventive Activity of New Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Starfish Solaster pacificus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20. [PMID: 35323516 DOI: 10.3390/md20030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea stars or starfish (class Asteroidea) and holothurians or sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea), belonging to the phylum Echinodermata (echinoderms), are characterized by different sets of glycosidic metabolites: the steroid type in starfish and the triterpene type in holothurians. However, herein we report the isolation of eight new triterpene glycosides, pacificusosides D−K (1−3, 5−9) along with the known cucumarioside D (4), from the alcoholic extract of the Far Eastern starfish Solaster pacificus. The isolated new compounds are closely related to the metabolites of sea cucumbers, and their structures of 1−3 and 5−9 were determined by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques. Compounds 2, 5, and 8 have a new type of tetrasaccharide chain with a terminal non-methylated monosaccharide unit. Compounds 3, 6, and 9 contain another new type of tetrasaccharide chain, having 6-O-SO3-Glc as one of the sugar units. The cytotoxic activity of 1−9 against non-cancerous mouse epidermal cells JB6 Cl41 and human melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-2, SK-MEL-28, and RPMI-7951 was determined by MTS assay. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 showed potent cytotoxicity against these cell lines, but the cancer selectivity (SI > 9) was observed only against the SK-MEL-2 cell line. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 9 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 μM significantly inhibited neoplastic cell transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells induced by chemical carcinogens (EGF, TPA) or ionizing radiation (X-rays and UVB). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 at the non-toxic concentration of 0.1 µM possessed the highest inhibiting activity on colony formation among the investigated compounds and decreased the colonies number of SK-MEL-2 cells by 64% and 70%, respectively. Thus, triterpene glycosides 1 and 4 can be considered as prospective cancer-preventive and anticancer-compound leaders.
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10
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Li B, Wang Y, Wang C, Peng D, Su H, Shi C, Liu W, Kuang H, Wang Q. Two new triterpene glycosides with antiproliferative activities on HepG2 from Phytolacca acinosa fruit fermentation broth. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35245978 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2042284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, phytolasides A (1) and B (2), and six known ones (3-8), were isolated from Phytolacca acinosa fruit fermentation broth. Their structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS and 1 D- and 2 D-NMR spectroscopic methods. Antiproliferation of compounds 1 and 2 against HepG2 cells was examined by using CCK8 assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changfu Wang
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Peng
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huilin Su
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congjing Shi
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Hunan Wenlong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Hengyang, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Guangdong Standardized Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Savarino P, Colson E, Caulier G, Eeckhaut I, Flammang P, Gerbaux P. Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera. Molecules 2022; 27:537. [PMID: 35056852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are plant and marine animal specific metabolites that are commonly considered as molecular vectors for chemical defenses against unicellular and pluricellular organisms. Their toxicity is attributed to their membranolytic properties. Modifying the molecular structures of saponins by quantitative and selective chemical reactions is increasingly considered to tune the biological properties of these molecules (i) to prepare congeners with specific activities for biomedical applications and (ii) to afford experimental data related to their structure-activity relationship. In the present study, we focused on the sulfated saponins contained in the viscera of Holothuria scabra, a sea cucumber present in the Indian Ocean and abundantly consumed on the Asian food market. Using mass spectrometry, we first qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the saponin content within the viscera of H. scabra. We detected 26 sulfated saponins presenting 5 different elemental compositions. Microwave activation under alkaline conditions in aqueous solutions was developed and optimized to quantitatively and specifically induce the desulfation of the natural saponins, by a specific loss of H2SO4. By comparing the hemolytic activities of the natural and desulfated extracts, we clearly identified the sulfate function as highly responsible for the saponin toxicity.
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12
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Kalinin VI, Dmitrenok PS. Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Psolus chitonoides: Chemical Structures and Cytotoxicities of Chitonoidosides E 1, F, G, and H. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:696. [PMID: 34940695 PMCID: PMC8708177 DOI: 10.3390/md19120696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new triterpene disulfated glycosides, chitonoidosides E1 (1), F (2), G (3), and H (4), were isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides and collected near Bering Island (Commander Islands) at depths of 100-150 m. Among them there are two hexaosides (1 and 3), differing from each other by the terminal (sixth) sugar residue, one pentaoside (4) and one tetraoside (2), characterized by a glycoside architecture of oligosaccharide chains with shortened bottom semi-chains, which is uncommon for sea cucumbers. Some additional distinctive structural features inherent in 1-4 were also found: the aglycone of a recently discovered new type, with 18(20)-ether bond and lacking a lactone in chitonoidoside G (3), glycoside 3-O-methylxylose residue in chitonoidoside E1 (1), which is rarely detected in sea cucumbers, and sulfated by uncommon position 4 terminal 3-O-methylglucose in chitonoidosides F (2) and H (4). The hemolytic activities of compounds 1-4 and chitonoidoside E against human erythrocytes and their cytotoxic action against the human cancer cell lines, adenocarcinoma HeLa, colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1, and monocytes THP-1, were studied. The glycoside with hexasaccharide chains (1, 3 and chitonoidoside E) were the most active against erythrocytes. A similar tendency was observed for the cytotoxicity against adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, but the demonstrated effects were moderate. The monocyte THP-1 cell line and erythrocytes were comparably sensitive to the action of the glycosides, but the activity of chitonoidosides E and E1 (1) significantly differed from that of 3 in relation to THP-1 cells. A tetraoside with a shortened bottom semi-chain, chitonoidoside F (2), displayed the weakest membranolytic effect in the series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.)
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Zelepuga EA, Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of Holothuroid's Triterpene Glycosides and Some In Silico Insights Obtained by Molecular Dynamics Study on the Mechanisms of Their Membranolytic Action. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110604. [PMID: 34822475 PMCID: PMC8625879 DOI: 10.3390/md19110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The article describes the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for a broad series of sea cucumber glycosides on different tumor cell lines and erythrocytes, and an in silico modulation of the interaction of selected glycosides from the sea cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix with model erythrocyte membranes using full-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The in silico approach revealed that the glycosides bound to the membrane surface mainly through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The mode of such interactions depends on the aglycone structure, including the side chain structural peculiarities, and varies to a great extent. Two different mechanisms of glycoside/membrane interactions were discovered. The first one was realized through the pore formation (by cucumariosides A1 (40) and A8 (44)), preceded by bonding of the glycosides with membrane sphingomyelin, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Noncovalent intermolecular interactions inside multimolecular membrane complexes and their stoichiometry differed for 40 and 44. The second mechanism was realized by cucumarioside A2 (59) through the formation of phospholipid and cholesterol clusters in the outer and inner membrane leaflets, correspondingly. Noticeably, the glycoside/phospholipid interactions were more favorable compared to the glycoside/cholesterol interactions, but the glycoside possessed an agglomerating action towards the cholesterol molecules from the inner membrane leaflet. In silicosimulations of the interactions of cucumarioside A7 (45) with model membrane demonstrated only slight interactions with phospholipid polar heads and the absence of glycoside/cholesterol interactions. This fact correlated well with very low experimental hemolytic activity of this substance. The observed peculiarities of membranotropic action are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data on hemolytic activity of the investigated compounds in vitro.
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14
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Kalinin VI. Unusual Structures and Cytotoxicities of Chitonoidosides A, A 1, B, C, D, and E, Six Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Psolus chitonoides. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:449. [PMID: 34436288 DOI: 10.3390/md19080449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, chitonoidosides A (1), A1 (2), B (3), C (4), D (5), and E (6), containing one or two sulfate groups, have been isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides, collected near Bering Island (Commander Islands) from the depth of 100–150 m. Three of the isolated compounds (1, 3 and 6) are characterized by the unusual aglycone of new type having 18(20)-ether bond and lacking a lactone in contrast with wide spread holostane derivatives. Another unexpected finding is 3-O-methylxylose residue as a terminal unit in the carbohydrate chains of chitonoidosides B (3), C (4), and E (6), which has never been found before in the glycosides from holothurians belonging to the Psolidae family. Moreover, this monosaccharide is sulfated in the compound 4 into unprecedented 3-O-methylxylose 4-O-sulfate residue. Chitonoidoside C (4) is characterized by tetrasaccharide moiety lacking a part of the bottom semi-chain, but having disaccharide fragment attached to C-4 of Xyl1. Such architecture is not common in sea cucumber glycosides. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds 1–5 against mouse and human erythrocytes and human cancer cell lines: adenocarcinoma HeLa, colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1, and leukemia promyeloblast HL-60 cells were studied. The cytotoxic effect of chitonoidoside d (5) was the most significant in this series due to the presence of pentasaccharide disulfated sugar chain in combination with holostane aglycone. Surprisingly, the glycosides 1 and 3, comprising the new aglycone without γ-lactone, demonstrated similar activity to the known compounds with holostane aglycones. Chitonoidoside C (4) was less cytotoxic due to the different architecture of the carbohydrate chain compared to the other glycosides and probably due to the presence of a sulfate group at C-4 in 3-O-MeXyl4.
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Kalinin VI. Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Thyonidium (=Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin): The Structures, Cytotoxicities, and Biogenesis of Kurilosides A 3, D 1, G, H, I, I 1, J, K, and K 1. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040187. [PMID: 33801633 PMCID: PMC8066294 DOI: 10.3390/md19040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine new mono-, di-, and trisulfated triterpene penta- and hexaosides, kurilosides A3 (1), D1 (2), G (3), H (4), I (5), I1 (6), J (7), K (8), and K1 (9) and two desulfated derivatives, DS-kuriloside L (10), having a trisaccharide branched chain, and DS-kuriloside M (11), having hexa-nor-lanostane aglycone with a 7(8)-double bond, have been isolated from the Far-Eastern deep-water sea cucumber Thyonidium (=Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin) and their structures were elucidated based on 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass-spectrometry. Five earlier unknown carbohydrate chains and two aglycones (having a 16β,(20S)-dihydroxy-fragment and a 16β-acetoxy,(20S)-hydroxy fragment) were found in these glycosides. All the glycosides 1–9 have a sulfate group at C-6 Glc, attached to C-4 Xyl1, while the positions of the other sulfate groups vary in different groups of kurilosides. The analysis of the structural features of the aglycones and the carbohydrate chains of all the glycosides of T. kurilensis showed their biogenetic relationships. Cytotoxic activities of the compounds 1–9 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells, and erythrocytes were studied. The highest cytotoxicity in the series was demonstrated by trisulfated hexaoside kuriloside H (4), having acetoxy-groups at C(16) and C(20), the latter one obviously compensated the absence of a side chain, essential for the membranolytic action of the glycosides. Kuriloside I1 (6), differing from 4 in the lacking of a terminal glucose residue in the bottom semi-chain, was slightly less active. The compounds 1–3, 5, and 8 did not demonstrate cytotoxic activity due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in their aglycones.
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Malyarenko TV, Kicha AA, Kalinovsky AI, Dmitrenok PS, Malyarenko OS, Kuzmich AS, Stonik VA, Ivanchina NV. New Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Starfish Solaster pacificus and Their Biological Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:427. [PMID: 33799442 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new triterpene glycosides, pacificusosides A–C (1–3), and three previously known triterpene glycosides, cucumariosides C1 (4), C2 (5), and A10 (6), were isolated from the alcoholic extract of the Far Eastern starfish Solaster pacificus. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques and chemical transformations. Compound 1 has a novel, unique structure, containing an aldehyde group of side chains in its triterpene aglycon. This structural fragment has not previously been found in the sea cucumber triterpene glycosides or starfish steroidal glycosides. Probably, pacificusoside A (1) is a product of the metabolism of the glycoside obtained through dietary means from a sea cucumber in the starfish. Another two new triterpene glycosides (2, 3) have closely related characteristics to sea cucumber glycosides. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1–6 was tested against human embryonic kidney HEK 293 cells, colorectal carcinoma HT-29 cells, melanoma RPMI-7951 cells, and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells using MTS assay. Compounds 4–6 revealed the highest cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines, while the other investigated compounds had moderate or slight cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic effects of 2–6 were reduced by cholesterol like the similar effects of the previously investigated individual triterpene glycosides. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 almost completely suppressed the colony formation of the HT-29, RPMI-7951, and MDA-MB-231 cells at a nontoxic concentration of 0.5 µM.
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17
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Kalinin VI. Kurilosides A 1, A 2, C 1, D, E and F- Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin): Structures with Unusual Non-Holostane Aglycones and Cytotoxicities. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110551. [PMID: 33172125 PMCID: PMC7694745 DOI: 10.3390/md18110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new monosulfated triterpene tetra-, penta- and hexaosides, namely, the kurilosides A1 (1), A2 (2), C1 (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6), as well as the known earlier kuriloside A (7), having unusual non-holostane aglycones without lactone, have been isolated from the sea cucumber Thyonidium (= Duasmodactyla) kurilensis (Levin) (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near Onekotan Island from a depth of 100 m. Structures of the glycosides were established by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass spectrometry. Kurilosides of the groups A and E contain carbohydrate moieties with a rare architecture (a pentasaccharide branched by C(4) Xyl1), differing from each other in the second monosaccharide residue (quinovose or glucose, correspondingly); kurilosides of the group C are characterized by a unique tetrasaccharide branched by a C(4) Xyl1 sugar chain; and kurilosides of the groups D and F are hexaosides differing from each other in the presence of an O-methyl group in the fourth (terminal) sugar unit. All these glycosides contain a sulfate group at C-6 of the glucose residue attached to C-4 Xyl1 and the non-holostane aglycones have a 9(11) double bond and lack γ-lactone. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-7 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells and erythrocytes were studied. Kuriloside A1 (1) was the most active compound in the series, demonstrating strong cytotoxicity against the erythrocytes and JB-6 cells and a moderate effect against Neuro 2a cells.
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Zakharenko A, Romanchenko D, Thinh PD, Pikula K, Hang CTT, Yuan W, Xia X, Chaika V, Chernyshev V, Zakharenko S, Razgonova M, Chung G, Golokhvast K. Features and Advantages of Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Sea Cucumber Cucumaria frondosa japonica Semper, 1868. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184088. [PMID: 32906811 PMCID: PMC7570654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraction process of Cucumaria frondosa japonica Semper, 1868, which are subspecies of Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1767), were studied. It was shown that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of holothuria was more effective than conventional solvent extraction. Step-by-step extraction with carbon dioxide followed by supercritical extraction with the addition of a co-solvent of ethanol can almost double the yields of extracts of triterpene glycosides, styrenes and carotenoids. Moreover, the fraction of triterpene glycosides practically does not contain colored impurities, in contrast to traditional ethanol extraction. The obtained extracts by HPLC in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) identified 15 triterpene glycosides, 18 styrene compounds and 14 carotenoids. Supercritical extraction made it possible to obtain extracts with yields superior to conventional hexane and alcohol extracts. Moreover, such an approach with the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and subsequent profiling of metabolites can help with the study of holothuria species that are not as well studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zakharenko
- School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.R.); (K.P.); (V.C.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia; (S.Z.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9146-681-935
| | - Denis Romanchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.R.); (K.P.); (V.C.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Pham Duc Thinh
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, VAST, Nhatrang, Nha Trang City 57000, Vietnam; (P.D.T.); (C.T.T.H.)
| | - Konstantin Pikula
- School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.R.); (K.P.); (V.C.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia; (S.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Cao Thi Thuy Hang
- NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, VAST, Nhatrang, Nha Trang City 57000, Vietnam; (P.D.T.); (C.T.T.H.)
| | - Wenpeng Yuan
- Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province China, Heze 274008, China;
| | - Xuekui Xia
- Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Jinan 250013, China;
| | - Vladimir Chaika
- School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.R.); (K.P.); (V.C.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Valery Chernyshev
- School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.R.); (K.P.); (V.C.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia; (S.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Svetlana Zakharenko
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia; (S.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Mayya Razgonova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia; (S.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia; (D.R.); (K.P.); (V.C.); (V.C.); (K.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia; (S.Z.); (M.R.)
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Ermakova SP, Malyarenko OS, Dautov SS, Kalinin VI. Structures and Bioactivities of Quadrangularisosides A, A 1, B, B 1, B 2, C, C 1, D, D 1-D 4, and E from the Sea Cucumber Colochirus quadrangularis: The First Discovery of the Glycosides, Sulfated by C-4 of the Terminal 3- O-Methylglucose Residue. Synergetic Effect on Colony Formation of Tumor HT-29 Cells of these Glycosides with Radioactive Irradiation. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080394. [PMID: 32731458 PMCID: PMC7460491 DOI: 10.3390/md18080394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirteen new mono-, di-, and trisulfated triterpene glycosides, quadrangularisosides A-D4 (1-13) have been isolated from the sea cucumber Colochirus quadrangularis, which was collected in Vietnamese waters. The structures of these glycosides were established by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI (High Resolution Electrospray Ionization) mass spectrometry. The novel carbohydrate moieties of quadrangularisosides D-D4 (8-12), belonging to the group D, and quadrangularisoside E (13) contain three sulfate groups, with one of them occupying an unusual position-at C(4) of terminal 3-O-methylglucose residue. Quadrangularisosides A (1) and D3 (11) as well as quadrangularisosides A1 (2) and D4 (12) are characterized by the new aglycones having 25-hydroperoxyl or 24-hydroperoxyl groups in their side chains, respectively. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-13 against mouse neuroblastoma Neuro 2a, normal epithelial JB-6 cells, erythrocytes, and human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells were studied. All the compounds were rather strong hemolytics. The structural features that most affect the bioactivity of the glycosides are the presence of hydroperoxy groups in the side chains and the quantity of sulfate groups. The membranolytic activity of monosulfated quadrangularisosides of group A (1, 2) against Neuro 2a, JB-6 cells, and erythrocytes was relatively weak due to the availability of the hydroperoxyl group, whereas trisulfated quadrangularisosides D3 (11) and D4 (12) with the same aglycones as 1, 2 were the least active compounds in the series due to the combination of these two structural peculiarities. The erythrocytes were more sensitive to the action of the glycosides than Neuro 2a or JB-6 cells, but the structure-activity relationships observed for glycosides 1-13 were similar in the three cell lines investigated. The compounds 3-5, 8, and 9 effectively suppressed the cell viability of HT-29 cells. Quadrangularisosides A1 (2), C (6), C1 (7), and E (13) possessed strong inhibitory activity on colony formation in HT-29 cells. Due to the synergic effects of these glycosides (0.02 μM) and radioactive irradiation (1 Gy), a decreasing of number of colonies was detected. Glycosides 1, 3, and 9 enhanced the effect of radiation by about 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7(423)2-31-40-50
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Pelageya V. Andrijaschenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Roman S. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Olesya S. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Salim Sh. Dautov
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia;
| | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (P.S.D.); (E.A.C.); (S.P.E.); (O.S.M.); (V.I.K.)
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Kamyab E, Goebeler N, Kellermann MY, Rohde S, Reverter M, Striebel M, Schupp PJ. Anti-Fouling Effects of Saponin-Containing Crude Extracts from Tropical Indo-Pacific Sea Cucumbers. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E181. [PMID: 32244281 PMCID: PMC7231054 DOI: 10.3390/md18040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are bottom dwelling invertebrates, which are mostly found on subtropical and tropical sea grass beds, sandy reef flats, or reef slopes. Although constantly exposed to fouling communities in these habitats, many species are surprisingly free of invertebrate epibionts and microfouling algae such as diatoms. In our study, we investigated the anti-fouling (AF) activities of different crude extracts of tropical Indo-Pacific sea cucumber species against the fouling diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. Nine sea cucumber species from three genera (i.e., Holothuria, Bohadschia, Actinopyga) were selected and extracted to assess their AF activities. To verify whether the sea cucumber characteristic triterpene glycosides were responsible for the observed potent AF activities, we tested purified fractions enriched in saponins isolated from Bohadschia argus, representing one of the most active anti-fouling extracts. Saponins were quantified by vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric assays and identified by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses. We were able to demonstrate that AF activities in sea cucumber extracts were species-specific, and growth inhibition as well as attachment of the diatom to surfaces is dependent on the saponin concentration (i.e., Actinopyga contained the highest quantities), as well as on the molecular composition and structure of the present saponins (i.e., Bivittoside D derivative was the most bioactive compound). In conclusion, the here performed AF assay represents a promising and fast method for selecting the most promising bioactive organism as well as for identifying novel compounds with potent AF activities for the discovery of potentially novel pharmacologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kamyab
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Norman Goebeler
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palmènin tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland
| | - Matthias Y. Kellermann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Miriam Reverter
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Maren Striebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; (N.G.); (M.Y.K.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Andrijaschenko PV, Dmitrenok PS, Popov RS, Chingizova EA. Structures and Bioactivities of Psolusosides B 1, B 2, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q from the Sea Cucumber Psolus fabricii. The First Finding of Tetrasulfated Marine Low Molecular Weight Metabolites. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E631. [PMID: 31698820 DOI: 10.3390/md17110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten new di-, tri- and tetrasulfated triterpene glycosides, psolusosides B1 (1), B2 (2), J (3), K (4), L (5), M (6), N (7), O (8), P (9), and Q (10), were isolated from the sea cucumber Psolus fabricii collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near the Kurile Islands. Structures of these glycosides were established by two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass-spectrometry. It is particularly interesting that highly polar compounds 9 and 10 contain four sulfate groups in their carbohydrate moieties, including two sulfates in the same terminal glucose residue. Glycoside 2 has an unusual non-holostane aglycone with 18(16)-lactone and a unique 7,8-epoxy fragment. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-10 against several mouse cell lines such as Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, neuroblastoma Neuro 2A, normal epithelial JB-6 cells, and erythrocytes were quite different depending both on structural peculiarities of these glycosides and the type of cells subjected to their actions. Psolusoside L (5), pentaoside, with three sulfate groups at C-6 of two glucose and one 3-O-methylglucose residue and holostane aglycone, is the most active compound in the series. The presence of a sulfate group at C-2 of the terminal glucose residue attached to C-4 of the first (xylose) residue significantly decreases activities of the corresponding glycosides. Psolusosides of group B (1, 2, and known psolusoside B) are inactive in all tests due to the presence of non-holostane aglycones and tetrasaccharide-branched sugar chains sulfated by C-2 of Glc4.
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Andrijaschenko PV, Dmitrenok PS, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Ermakova SP, Malyarenko OS. Structures and Bioactivities of Six New Triterpene Glycosides, Psolusosides E, F, G, H, H 1, and I and the Corrected Structure of Psolusoside B from the Sea Cucumber Psolus fabricii. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060358. [PMID: 31207953 PMCID: PMC6627558 DOI: 10.3390/md17060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven sulfated triterpene glycosides, psolusosides B (1), E (2), F (3), G (4), H (5), H1 (6), and I (7), along with earlier known psolusoside A and colochiroside D have been isolated from the sea cucumber Psolus fabricii collected in the Sea of Okhotsk. Herein, the structure of psolusoside B (1), elucidated by us in 1989 as a monosulfated tetraoside, has been revised with application of modern NMR and particularly MS data and proved to be a disulfated tetraoside. The structures of other glycosides were elucidated by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI mass-spectrometry. Psolusosides E (2), F (3), and G (4) contain holostane aglycones identical to each other and differ in their sugar compositions and the quantity and position of sulfate groups in linear tetrasaccharide carbohydrate moieties. Psolusosides H (5) and H1 (6) are characterized by an unusual sulfated trisaccharide carbohydrate moiety with the glucose as the second sugar unit. Psolusoside I (7) has an unprecedented branched tetrasaccharide disulfated carbohydrate moiety with the xylose unit in the second position of the chain. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds 2-7 against several mouse cell lines-ascite form of Ehrlich carcinoma, neuroblastoma Neuro 2A, normal epithelial JB-6 cells, and erythrocytes-were quite different, at that hemolytic effects of the tested compounds were higher than their cytotoxicity against other cells, especially against the ascites of Ehrlich carcinoma. Interestingly, psolusoside G (4) was not cytotoxic against normal JB-6 cells but demonstrated high activity against Neuro 2A cells. The cytotoxic activity against human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells and the influence on the colony formation and growth of HT-29 cells of compounds 1-3, 5-7 and psolusoside A was checked. The highest inhibitory activities were demonstrated by psolusosides E (2) and F (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Anatoly I Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Pelageya V Andrijaschenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Grauso L, Yegdaneh A, Sharifi M, Mangoni A, Zolfaghari B, Lanzotti V. Molecular Networking-Based Analysis of Cytotoxic Saponins from Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E86. [PMID: 30717102 PMCID: PMC6410324 DOI: 10.3390/md17020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The saponin composition of a specimen of black sea cucumber, Holothuria atra collected in the Persian Gulf was studied by a combined approach including LC-MS/MS, Molecular Networking, pure compound isolation, and NMR spectroscopy. The saponin composition of Holothuria atra turned out to be more complex than previously reported. The most abundant saponins in the extract (1⁻4) were isolated and characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. Compound 1 was identified as a new triterpene glycoside saponin, holothurin A5. The side chain of the new saponin 1, unprecedented among triterpene glycosides, is characterized by an electrophilic enone function, which can undergo slow water or methanol addition under neutral conditions. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1⁻4, evaluated on the human cervix carcinoma HeLa cell line, was remarkable, with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 2.5 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grauso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Afsaneh Yegdaneh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Ave., 81746 73461 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Ave., 81746 73461 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Alfonso Mangoni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar-Jerib Ave., 81746 73461 Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
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Wang YH, Meng Y, Zhai C, Wang M, Avula B, Yuk J, Smith KM, Isaac G, Khan IA. The Chemical Characterization of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Ci-wu-jia Tea using UHPLC-UV-QTOF/MS. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E475. [PMID: 30678313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. belongs to the Araliaceae family. Phytochemical studies reveal that E. senticosus leaves contain triterpene glycosides along with organic acid derivatives and flavonoid compounds. It is believed that E. senticosus is similar to ginseng because they come from same family and both contain triterpene saponins. E. senticosus leaves have been developed as a functional beverage called ci-wu-jia tea in recent years. Triterpene glycosides are difficult to identify by ultraviolet (UV) detection and contents of these compounds are low in E. senticosus leaves. In this study, a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) method combining UV and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed to characterize the triterpene glycosides from E. senticosus leaves and related commercial products. Fragmentation patterns of three sub-groups of triterpene glycosides in E. senticosus leaves were investigated. Additionally, fragmentation pathways and UV characteristics of organic acid derivatives and flavonoids were also characterized. A compound screening library, including 241 compounds reported in the literature, was created and used to confirm the compounds in the samples. In this study, a total of 24 samples, including 13 plant samples of E. senticosus and 11 ci-wu-jia tea products, were analyzed. Out of the 11 commercial products, three products were discovered to contain green tea (Camellia sinensis) that was considered to be an adulterant since it was not an ingredient on the labels. The developed UHPLC-UV-MS/MS analytical method combined with the UNIFI processing method can simultaneously characterize organic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpene saponins from E. senticosus. It provides a simple and sensitive way to perform quality control of E. senticosus and related ci-wu-jia tea products.
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Bahrami Y, Zhang W, M M Franco C. Distribution of Saponins in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni; the Body Wall Versus the Viscera, and Their Biological Activities. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E423. [PMID: 30388793 DOI: 10.3390/md16110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are an important ingredient of traditional folk medicine in many Asian countries, which are well-known for their medicinal, nutraceutical, and food values due to producing an impressive range of distinctive natural bioactive compounds. Triterpene glycosides are the most abundant and prime secondary metabolites reported in this species. They possess numerous biological activities ranging from anti-tumour, wound healing, hypolipidemia, pain relieving, the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty livers, anti-hyperuricemia, the induction of bone marrow hematopoiesis, anti-hypertension, and cosmetics and anti-ageing properties. This study was designed to purify and elucidate the structure of saponin contents of the body wall of sea cucumber Holothurialessoni and to compare the distribution of saponins of the body wall with that of the viscera. The body wall was extracted with 70% ethanol, and purified by a liquid-liquid partition chromatography, followed by isobutanol extraction. A high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) was conducted on the saponin-enriched mixture to obtain saponins with a high purity. The resultant purified saponins were analyzed using MALDI-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS. The integrated and hyphenated MS and HPCPC analyses revealed the presence of 89 saponin congeners, including 35 new and 54 known saponins, in the body wall in which the majority of glycosides are of the holostane type. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, the structure of four novel acetylated saponins, namely lessoniosides H, I, J, and K were characterized. The identified triterpene glycosides showed potent antifungal activities against tested fungi, but had no antibacterial effects on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of a wide range of saponins with potential applications is promising for cosmeceutical, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products to improve human health.
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Abstract
This review presents a detailed analysis of published research data focused on the pharmacological activity exerted by biologically active compounds isolated from sea cucumbers belonging to the class of Holothuroidea, phylum Echinodermata. The review contains descriptions of the structure, physico-chemical properties and pharmacological effects of these active substances. Particular attention is given to compounds with anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-infectious, immune-stimulating and anti-ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) activities as well as to the substances exerting a regulating influence on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. All these compounds may be considered as prototypes for development of new pharmaceutical substances and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Khotimchenko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
- National Scientific Center for Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
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27
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Pislyagin EA, Manzhulo IV, Gorpenchenko TY, Dmitrenok PS, Avilov SA, Silchenko AS, Wang YM, Aminin DL. Cucumarioside A₂-2 Causes Macrophage Activation in Mouse Spleen. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110341. [PMID: 29104230 PMCID: PMC5706031 DOI: 10.3390/md15110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of triterpene glycoside cucumarioside A2-2 (CA2-2), isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica, was compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mouse spleen. It has been shown that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) glycoside administration leads to increased spleen macrophage activating markers iba-1, IL-1β, iNOs, ROS and NO formation, with additional change of macrophage phenotype to M1. The mass spectrometry profiles of peptide/protein were obtained using MALDI-TOF-MS on the different parts of spleen sections isolated by laser mircodissection techniques. It was found that i.p. stimulation of animals with CA2-2 leads to marked changes in the intensity of the characteristic peaks of spleen peptides/proteins, primarily in red pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Pislyagin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Igor V Manzhulo
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan.
| | - Dmitry L Aminin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Andrijaschenko PV, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Ermakova SP, Malyarenko OS, Dautova TN. Nine New Triterpene Glycosides, Magnumosides A₁-A₄, B₁, B₂, C₁, C₂ and C₄, from the Vietnamese Sea Cucumber Neothyonidium (=Massinium) magnum: Structures and Activities against Tumor Cells Independently and in Synergy with Radioactive Irradiation. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E256. [PMID: 28813020 PMCID: PMC5577610 DOI: 10.3390/md15080256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine new sulfated triterpene glycosides, magnumosides A₁ (1), A₂ (2), A₃ (3), A₄ (4), B₁ (5), B₂ (6), C₁ (7), C₂ (8) and C₄ (9) as well as a known colochiroside B₂ (10) have been isolated from the tropical Indo-West Pacific sea cucumber Neothynidium (=Massinium) magnum (Phyllophoridae, Dendrochirotida) collected in the Vietnamese shallow waters. The structures of new glycosides were elucidated by 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry. All the isolated new glycosides were characterized by the non-holostane type lanostane aglycones having 18(16)-lactone and 7(8)-double bond and differed from each other by the side chains and carbohydrate moieties structures. Magnumoside A₁ (1) has unprecedented 20(24)-epoxy-group in the aglycone side chain. Magnumosides of the group A (1-4) contained disaccharide monosulfated carbohydrate moieties, of the group B (5, 6)-tetrasaccharide monosulfated carbohydrate moieties and, finally, of the group C (7-9)-tetrasaccharide disulfated carbohydrate moieties. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds 1-9 against mouse spleen lymphocytes, the ascites form of mouse Ehrlich carcinoma cells, human colorectal carcinoma DLD-1 cells as well as their hemolytic effects have been studied. Interestingly, the erythrocytes were more sensitive to the glycosides action than spleenocytes and cancer cells tested. The compounds 3 and 7 significantly inhibited the colony formation and decreased the size of colonies of DLD-1 cancer cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Moreover, the synergism of effects of radioactive irradiation and compounds 3 and 7-9 at subtoxic doses on proliferation of DLD-1 cells was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Anatoly I Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Pelageya V Andrijaschenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Tatyana N Dautova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevsky St. 17, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
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Shi YS, Zhang Y, Hu WZ, Chen X, Fu X, Lv X, Zhang LH, Zhang N, Li G. Anti-Inflammatory Triterpene Glycosides from the Roots of Ilex dunniana Levl. Molecules 2017; 22:E1206. [PMID: 28753960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new triterpene glycoside ilexdunnoside A (1) and a new sulfated triterpene derivative ilexdunnoside B (2), together with five known analogues 3–7 were isolated from the roots of Ilex dunniana Levl. The structures were established by NMR spectroscopic analysis and acid hydrolysis. Results of an in vivo study of the biological activity showed that 75% ethanol and n-butanol extracts of the plant displayed anti-inflammatory activities against ear edema in mice, with inhibition rates of 23.5% and 37.5%, respectively, at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, Compounds 1, 2 and 3 exhibited moderate indirect inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells in vitro, with IC50 values of 11.60, 12.30 and 9.70 μM, respectively.
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andryjaschenko PV, Dmitrenok PS, Kalinin VI, Chingizova EA, Minin KV, Stonik VA. Structures and Biogenesis of Fallaxosides D₄, D₅, D₆ and D₇, Trisulfated Non-Holostane Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria fallax. Molecules 2016; 21:E939. [PMID: 27447601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new trisulfated triterpene glycosides, fallaxosides D4 (1), D5 (2), D6 (3) and D7 (4) have been isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria fallax (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida). The structures of the glycosides have been elucidated by 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. All the glycosides have the lanostane aglycones of a rare non-holostane type with 7(8)-, 8(9)- or 9(11)-double bonds, one or two hydroxyl groups occupying unusual positions in the polycyclic nucleus and shortened or normal side chains. The pentasaccharide carbohydrate moieties of 1–4 have three sulfate groups. The cytotoxic activity of glycosides 1–4 against the ascite form of mouse Ehrlich carcinoma cells and mouse spleen lymphocytes and hemolytic activity against mouse erythrocytes have been studied.
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31
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Kwak JY. Corrigendum: Relationships between chemical structures and functions of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers. Front Chem 2014; 2:103. [PMID: 25434983 PMCID: PMC4230198 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dong-A University Busan, South Korea
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32
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Park JI, Bae HR, Kim CG, Stonik VA, Kwak JY. Relationships between chemical structures and functions of triterpene glycosides isolated from sea cucumbers. Front Chem 2014; 2:77. [PMID: 25250309 PMCID: PMC4159031 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many marine triterpene glycosides have in vitro and in vivo activities with very low toxicity, suggesting that they are suitable agents for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of natural marine compounds in cancer, immune, and other various cells are not fully known. This review focuses on the structural characteristics of marine triterpene glycosides and how these affect their biological activities and molecular mechanisms. In particular, the membranotropic and membranolytic activities of frondoside A and cucumariosides from sea cucumbers and their ability to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis have been discussed, with a focus on structure-activity relationships. In addition, the structural characteristics and antitumor effects of stichoposide C and stichoposide D have been reviewed along with underlying their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Hae-Rahn Bae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Chang Gun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- The Laboratory of Chemistry of Marine Natural Products, G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of ScienceVladivostok, Russia
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
- Immune-Network Pioneer Research Center, Dong-A UniversityBusan, South Korea
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Krishnamurthy P, Tsukamoto C, Takahashi Y, Hongo Y, Singh RJ, Lee JD, Chung G. Comparison of saponin composition and content in wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) before and after germination. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1988-96. [PMID: 25127168 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.946389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eight wild soybean accessions with different saponin phenotypes were used to examine saponin composition and relative saponin quantity in various tissues of mature seeds and two-week-old seedlings by LC-PDA/MS/MS. Saponin composition and content were varied according to tissues and accessions. The average total saponin concentration in 1 g mature dry seeds of wild soybean was 16.08 ± 3.13 μmol. In two-week-old seedlings, produced from 1 g mature seeds, it was 27.94 ± 6.52 μmol. Group A saponins were highly concentrated in seed hypocotyl (4.04 ± 0.71 μmol). High concentration of DDMP saponins (7.37 ± 5.22 μmol) and Sg-6 saponins (2.19 ± 0.59 μmol) was found in cotyledonary leaf. In seedlings, the amounts of group A and Sg-6 saponins reduced 2.3- and 1.3-folds, respectively, while DDMP + B + E saponins increased 2.5-fold than those of mature seeds. Our findings show that the group A and Sg-6 saponins in mature seeds were degraded and/or translocated by germination whereas DDMP saponins were newly synthesized.
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Bahrami Y, Zhang W, Chataway T, Franco C. Structure elucidation of five novel isomeric saponins from the viscera of the sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4439-73. [PMID: 25110919 PMCID: PMC4145325 DOI: 10.3390/md12084439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers are prolific producers of a wide range of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to purify and characterize one class of compound, the saponins, from the viscera of the Australian sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni. The saponins were obtained by ethanolic extraction of the viscera and enriched by a liquid-liquid partition process and adsorption column chromatography. A high performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) was applied to the saponin-enriched mixture to obtain saponins with high purity. The resultant purified saponins were profiled using MALDI-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS which revealed the structure of isomeric saponins to contain multiple aglycones and/or sugar residues. We have elucidated the structure of five novel saponins, Holothurins D/E and Holothurinosides X/Y/Z, along with seven reported triterpene glycosides, including sulfated and non-sulfated saponins containing a range of aglycones and sugar moieties, from the viscera of H. lessoni. The abundance of novel compounds from this species holds promise for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Bahrami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Tim Chataway
- Flinders Proteomics Facility, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Chris Franco
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
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35
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Moon HI, Lee JH. Neuroprotective effects of triterpene glycosides from glycine max against glutamate induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9642-9648. [PMID: 22949822 PMCID: PMC3431820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the neuroprotective effects of Glycine max, we tested its protection against the glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cortical cultured neurons. In order to clarify the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of this observed effect, isolation was performed to seek and identify active fractions and components. From such fractionation, two triterpene glycosides, 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1-2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-en-3β,22β,24-triol (1) and 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1-2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl(1-2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl]olean-12-en-3β,22β,24-triol (2) were isolated with the methanol extracts with of air-dried Glycine max. Among these compounds, compound 2 exhibited significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced toxicity, exhibiting cell viability of about 50% at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 10 μM. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of Glycine max might be due to the inhibition of glutamate-induced toxicity by triterpene glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-In Moon
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Jai-Heon Lee
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea; E-Mail:
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Bordbar S, Anwar F, Saari N. High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods--a review. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1761-1805. [PMID: 22072996 PMCID: PMC3210605 DOI: 10.3390/md9101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers, belonging to the class Holothuroidea, are marine invertebrates, habitually found in the benthic areas and deep seas across the world. They have high commercial value coupled with increasing global production and trade. Sea cucumbers, informally named as bêche-de-mer, or gamat, have long been used for food and folk medicine in the communities of Asia and Middle East. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as Vitamin A, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (niacin), and minerals, especially calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities including anti-angiogenic, anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-hypertension, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor and wound healing have been ascribed to various species of sea cucumbers. Therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array of bioactives especially triterpene glycosides (saponins), chondroitin sulfates, glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), sulfated polysaccharides, sterols (glycosides and sulfates), phenolics, cerberosides, lectins, peptides, glycoprotein, glycosphingolipids and essential fatty acids. This review is mainly designed to cover the high-value components and bioactives as well as the multiple biological and therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with regard to exploring their potential uses for functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bordbar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.B.); (F.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.B.); (F.A.)
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Van Dyck S, Gerbaux P, Flammang P. Qualitative and quantitative saponin contents in five sea cucumbers from the Indian ocean. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:173-89. [PMID: 20161976 PMCID: PMC2817928 DOI: 10.3390/md8010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To avoid predation, holothuroids produce feeding-deterrent molecules in their body wall and viscera, the so-called saponins. Five tropical sea cucumber species of the family Holothuriidae were investigated in order to study their saponin content in two different organs, the body wall and the Cuvierian tubules. Mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI- and ESI-MS) were used to detect and analyze saponins. The smallest number of saponins was observed in Holothuria atra, which contained a total of four congeners, followed by Holothuria leucospilota, Pearsonothuria graeffei and Actinopyga echinites with six, eight and ten congeners, respectively. Bohadschia subrubra revealed the highest saponin diversity (19 congeners). Saponin mixtures also varied between the two body compartments within a given animal. A semi-quantitative approach completed these results and showed that a high diversity of saponins is not particularly correlated to a high saponin concentration. Although the complexity of the saponin mixtures described makes the elucidation of their respective biological roles difficult, the comparisons between species and between body compartments give some clues about how these molecules may act as predator repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Van Dyck
- Marine Biology Laboratory, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium; E-Mail:
(S.V.D.)
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flammang
- Marine Biology Laboratory, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium; E-Mail:
(S.V.D.)
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Jiang B, Kronenberg F, Nuntanakorn P, Qiu MH, Kennelly EJ. Evaluation of the botanical authenticity and phytochemical profile of black cohosh products by high-performance liquid chromatography with selected ion monitoring liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:3242-53. [PMID: 16637680 PMCID: PMC3204370 DOI: 10.1021/jf0606149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L., syn. Cimicifuga racemosa L.) has become increasingly popular as a dietary supplement in the United States for the treatment of symptoms related to menopause, but the botanical authenticity of most products containing black cohosh has not been evaluated, nor is manufacturing highly regulated in the United States. In this study, 11 black cohosh products were analyzed for triterpene glycosides, phenolic constituents, and formononetin by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection and a new selected ion monitoring liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Three of the 11 products were found to contain the marker compound cimifugin and not cimiracemoside C, thereby indicating that these plants contain Asian Actaea instead of black cohosh. One product contained both black cohosh and an Asian Actaea species. For the products containing only black cohosh, there was significant product-to-product variability in the amounts of the selected triterpene glycosides and phenolic constituents, and as expected, no formononetin was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jiang
- The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Fredi Kronenberg
- The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Paiboon Nuntanakorn
- Department of Biological Science, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resource in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Edward J. Kennelly
- Department of Biological Science, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468
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