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Park S, Kim TM, Han JY, Lee GW, Shim BY, Lee YG, Kim SW, Kim IH, Lee S, Kim YJ, Park JH, Park SG, Lee KH, Kang EJ, Kim JW, Shin SH, Ock CY, Nam BH, Lee J, Jung HA, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ. Phase III, Randomized Study of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in Patients With EGFR- or ALK-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ATTLAS, KCSG-LU19-04). J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1241-1251. [PMID: 37861993 PMCID: PMC11095857 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a driver mutation, the role of anti-PD-(L)1 antibody after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) remains unclear. This randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III study evaluates the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin (ABCP ) in EGFR- or ALK-mutated NSCLC that progressed before TKI therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the clinical efficacy of ABCP followed by maintenance therapy with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab with pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin (PC) followed by pemetrexed maintenance. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS A total of 228 patients with activating EGFR mutation (n = 215) or ALK translocation (n = 13) were enrolled from 16 sites in the Republic of Korea and randomly assigned at 2:1 ratio to either ABCP (n = 154) or PC arm (n = 74). The median follow-up duration was 26.1 months (95% CI, 24.7 to 28.2). Objective response rates (69.5% v 41.9%, P < .001) and median PFS (8.48 v 5.62 months, hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.86]; P = .004) were significantly better in the ABCP than PC arm. PFS benefit increased as PD-L1 expression increased, with an HR of 0.47, 0.41, and 0.24 for PD-L1 ≥1%, ≥10%, and ≥50%, respectively. Overall survival was similar between ABCP and PC arm (20.63 v 20.27 months, HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.46]; P = .975). The safety profile of the ABCP arm was comparable with that previously reported, with no additional safety signals, but higher rates of treatment-related adverse events were observed compared with the PC arm. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first randomized phase III study to demonstrate the clinical benefit of anti-PD-L1 antibody in combination with bevacizumab and chemotherapy in patients with EGFR- or ALK-mutated NSCLC who have progressed on relevant targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Won Lee
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Byoung Yong Shim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Gyoo Lee
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hemato-Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Suee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Hemato-oncololgy, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Gon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hemato-oncology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Won Kim
- Divisions of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Shin
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Hyun-Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bulaon CJI, Khorattanakulchai N, Rattanapisit K, Sun H, Pisuttinusart N, Phoolcharoen W. Development of Plant-Derived Bispecific Monoclonal Antibody Targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 against Mouse Colorectal Cancer. Planta Med 2024; 90:305-315. [PMID: 38373705 DOI: 10.1055/a-2240-7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, with monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, yielding promising clinical benefits. However, with the advent of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in clinical trials, developing next-generation antibodies with potentially increased efficacy is critical. Here, we aimed to generate a recombinant bispecific monoclonal antibody for dual inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 axes. The plant system was used as an alternative platform for bispecific monoclonal antibody production. Dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 is a plant-derived bispecific monoclonal antibody that combines both programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 blockade into a single molecule. Dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and the expression level was determined to be the highest after 4 days of infiltration. The size and assembly of the purified bispecific monoclonal antibody were determined, and its function was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The molecular structures of plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 are as expected, and it was mostly present as a monomer. The plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 showed in vitro binding to programmed cell death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 proteins. The antitumor activity of plant-produced bispecific monoclonal antibody was tested in vivo by treating humanized Balb/c mice bearing a CT26 colorectal tumor. Plant-produced dual variable domain immunoglobulin atezolizumab × 2C8 significantly inhibited tumor growth by reducing tumor volume and weight. Body weight changes indicated that the plant-produced bispecific monoclonal antibody was safe and tolerable. Overall, this proof of concept study demonstrated the viability of plants to produce functional plant-based bispecific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Joy I Bulaon
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Nuttapat Pisuttinusart
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
- Center of Excellence in Plant-produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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de Miguel-Perez D, Ak M, Mamindla P, Russo A, Zenkin S, Ak N, Peddagangireddy V, Lara-Mejia L, Gunasekaran M, Cardona AF, Naing A, Hirsch FR, Arrieta O, Colen RR, Rolfo C. Validation of a multiomic model of plasma extracellular vesicle PD-L1 and radiomics for prediction of response to immunotherapy in NSCLC. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:81. [PMID: 38486328 PMCID: PMC10941547 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have showed unprecedent efficacy in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, not all patients manifest clinical benefit due to the lack of reliable predictive biomarkers. We showed preliminary data on the predictive role of the combination of radiomics and plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) PD-L1 to predict durable response to ICIs. MAIN BODY Here, we validated this model in a prospective cohort of patients receiving ICIs plus chemotherapy and compared it with patients undergoing chemotherapy alone. This multiparametric model showed high sensitivity and specificity at identifying non-responders to ICIs and outperformed tissue PD-L1, being directly correlated with tumor change. SHORT CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the combination of radiomics and EV PD-L1 dynamics is a minimally invasive and promising biomarker for the stratification of patients to receive ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murat Ak
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Russo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Nursima Ak
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishal Peddagangireddy
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luis Lara-Mejia
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andres F Cardona
- Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Aung Naing
- Departments of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rivka R Colen
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Ren S, Wang X, Han BH, Pan Y, Zhao J, Cheng Y, Hu S, Liu T, Li Y, Cheng Y, Feng J, Yi S, Gu S, Gao S, Luo Y, Liu Y, Liu C, Duan H, Wang S, Yang X, Fan J, Zhou C. First-line treatment with camrelizumab plus famitinib in advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients with PD-L1 TPS ≥1%: results from a multicenter, open-label, phase 2 trial. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007227. [PMID: 38388167 PMCID: PMC10882294 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents can synergistically modulate the tumor microenvironment and represents a promising treatment option. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus famitinib (a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) as a first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients with a programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥1%, in an open-label, multicenter, phase 2 basket trial. METHODS Eligible patients received camrelizumab (200 mg once every 3 weeks via intravenous infusion) plus oral famitinib at an initial dose of 20 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR), as assessed by the investigator per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1. Key secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), duration of respons, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), 12-month OS rate, and safety profile. RESULTS Of the enrolled 41 patients, 21 (51.2%) had a PD-L1 TPS of 1-49%. As of the cut-off date on June 22, 2022, the combination regimen of camrelizumab and famitinib achieved an ORR of 53.7% (95% CI 37.4% to 69.3%) and a DCR of 92.7% (95% CI 80.1% to 98.5%). The median PFS was 16.6 months (95% CI 8.3 to not reached), and OS data were not yet mature, with an estimated 12-month OS rate of 76.8% (95% CI 60.0% to 87.3%). The most common treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher included hypertension (22.0%), increased alanine aminotransferase (12.2%), decreased neutrophil count (9.8%), proteinuria (7.3%), decrease platelet count (7.3%), and hypokalemia (7.3%). One (2.4%) patient died from grade 5 hemoptysis, which was considered possibly related to the study treatment by the investigator. CONCLUSION Camrelizumab plus famitinib demonstrated promising antitumor activity in advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients and had an acceptable safety profile. These findings suggest that this combination regimen could be an alternative therapeutic option and warrant further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04346381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxiang Ren
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Hui Han
- Department of Respiration, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Oncology Chemotherapy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Tumor, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanyong Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yongzhong Luo
- Thoracic Medicine Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huijie Duan
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuni Wang
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinfeng Yang
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Oncology Department, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Le JQ, Song XH, Tong LW, Lin YQ, Feng KK, Tu YF, Hu YS, Shao JW. Dual-drug controllable co-assembly nanosystem for targeted and synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 656:177-188. [PMID: 37989051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unsatisfactory because of tumor heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and poor target accumulation. Therefore, multimodality-treatment with accurate drug delivery has become increasingly popular. Herein, a cell penetrating peptide-aptamer dual modified-nanocomposite (USILA NPs) was successfully constructed by coating a cell penetrating peptide and aptamer onto the surface of sorafenib (Sora), ursolic acid (UA) and indocyanine green (ICG) condensed nanodrug (USI NPs) via one-pot assembly for targeted and synergistic HCC treatment. USILA NPs showed higher cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in HepG2 and H22 cells, with a high expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Furthermore, these NPs caused more significant mitochondrial membrane potential reduction and cell apoptosis. These NPs could selectively accumulate at the tumor site of H22 tumor-bearing mice and were detected with the help of ICG fluorescence; moreover, they retarded tumor growth better than monotherapy. Thus, USILA NPs can realize the targeted delivery of dual drugs and the integration of diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the effects were more significant after co-administration of iRGD peptide, a tumor-penetrating peptide with better penetration promoting ability or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody for the reversal of the immunosuppressive state in the tumor microenvironment. The tumor inhibition rates of USILA NPs + iRGD peptide or USILA NPs + PD-L1 antibody with good therapeutic safety were 72.38 % and 67.91 % compared with control, respectively. Overall, this composite nanosystem could act as a promising targeted tool and provide an effective intervention strategy for enhanced HCC synergistic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qing Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xun-Huan Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ling-Wu Tong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ying-Qi Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ke-Ke Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yong-Shan Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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Su BC, Chen GY, Yang CM, Chuang WT, Lin MC, Hsu PL, Lee CW, Cheng CC, Wu SY, Pan BS, Yu HH. Impacts of hyperthermic chemotherapeutic agent on cytotoxicity, chemoresistance-related proteins and PD-L1 expression in human gastric cancer cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2310017. [PMID: 38350654 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2310017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis is considered to be final stage gastric cancer. One current treatment approach for this condition is combined cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, the therapeutic mechanisms of HIPEC remain largely undescribed. Method: In order to assess the cellular effects of HIPEC in vitro, we treated AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) at 37 °C or at 43 °C (hyperthermic temperature) for 1 h followed by incubation at 37 °C for 23 h. The impacts of hyperthermia/5-Fu on apoptosis, cell survival signals, oxidative stress, chemoresistance-related proteins and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression were measured. Results: Our results showed that hyperthermia potentiates 5-Fu-mediated cytotoxicity in AGS cells. Furthermore, the combination of 5-Fu and hyperthermia reduces levels of both phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT3, while increasing the levels of phosphorylated Akt and ERK. In addition, 5-Fu/hyperthermia enhances reactive oxygen species and suppresses superoxide dismutase 1. Chemoresistance-related proteins, such as multidrug resistance 1 and thymidylate synthase, are also suppressed by 5-Fu/hyperthermia. Interestingly, hyperthermia enhances 5-Fu-mediated induction of glycosylated PD-L1, but 5-Fu-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 surface expression is prevented by hyperthermia. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings provide insights that may aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of HIPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Chyuan Su
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chuang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wan Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Cheng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hsin-Hsien Yu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ilson DH. How to use anti-PD-1 therapy in gastric cancer: the approach in the United States. Chin Clin Oncol 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38453657 DOI: 10.21037/cco-23-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading global cause of cancer-related mortality. In the past, survival achieved in metastatic disease with chemotherapy was less than 1 year. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has changed the treatment of gastric cancer. With demonstration of single agent activity for anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) agents in gastric cancer with a particularly high degree of activity in microsatellite instability (MSI) high cancers, global clinical trials added nivolumab and pembrolizumab to first line chemotherapy. Improvements in progression free survival, overall survival and increased response rates led to regulatory approval of these agents in the U.S. The benefit in survival seems limited, however, to patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive or MSI high cancers. Adjuvant therapy with nivolumab improved disease-free survival after chemoradiotherapy and surgery in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in patients with residual disease resected at surgery, and is a new care standard. Results of ongoing trials adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to perioperative chemotherapy in gastric cancer are anxiously awaited. In locally advanced MSI high gastric cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is being explored as preoperative therapy given the demonstration of a high degree of pathologic complete response to these agents. Some trials may offer patients nonoperative management if a complete response is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Ilson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Reck M, Barlesi F, Yang JCH, Westeel V, Felip E, Özgüroğlu M, Dols MC, Sullivan R, Kowalski DM, Andric Z, Lee DH, Sezer A, Hu P, Wang X, von Heydebreck A, Jacob N, Mehr KT, Park K. Avelumab Versus Platinum-Based Doublet Chemotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Patients With High-Expression Programmed Death-Ligand 1-Positive Metastatic NSCLC: Primary Analysis From the Phase 3 JAVELIN Lung 100 Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:297-313. [PMID: 37748693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.09.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report the primary analysis from JAVELIN Lung 100, a phase 3 trial comparing avelumab (anti-programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) versus platinum-based doublet chemotherapy as first-line treatment for PD-L1-positive (+) advanced NSCLC. METHODS Adults with PD-L1+ (≥1% of tumor cells; PD-L1 immunohistochemistry 73-10 pharmDx), EGFR and ALK wild-type, previously untreated, stage IV NSCLC were randomized to avelumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W), avelumab 10 mg/kg once weekly (QW) for 12 weeks and Q2W thereafter, or platinum-based doublet chemotherapy every 3 weeks. Primary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) per independent review committee. The primary analysis population was patients with high-expression PD-L1+ tumors (≥80% of tumor cells). RESULTS A total of 1214 patients were randomized to avelumab Q2W (n = 366), avelumab QW (n = 322), or chemotherapy (n = 526). In the primary analysis population, hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS with avelumab Q2W (n = 151) versus chemotherapy (n = 216) were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-1.09; one-sided p = 0.1032; median OS, 20.1 versus 14.9 mo) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.54-0.93; one-sided p = 0.0070; median PFS, 8.4 versus 5.6 mo), respectively. With avelumab QW (n = 130) versus chemotherapy (n = 129), HRs were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.59-1.07; one-sided p = 0.0630; median OS, 19.3 versus 15.3 mo) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52-0.98; one-sided p = 0.0196; median PFS, 7.5 versus 5.6 mo), respectively. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS Longer median OS and PFS were observed with avelumab versus platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC, but differences in OS and PFS were not statistically significant, and the trial did not meet its primary objective. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT02576574.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reck
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Oncology department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Present Address: Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Virginie Westeel
- Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Besançon, UMR1098, Université de Franche, Comté, France
| | | | - Mustafa Özgüroğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Manuel Cobo Dols
- Medical Oncology Intercenter Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain; Present address: UGC Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Dariusz M Kowalski
- Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumours, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zoran Andric
- Clinical Center Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ahmet Sezer
- Baskent University Adana Application and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ping Hu
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - XiaoZhe Wang
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | | | - Natalia Jacob
- the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Present Address: MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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9
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Ren J. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibition improves the efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:272-283. [PMID: 38014458 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and plays a crucial role in tumour progression. However, the impact of BRD4 on the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by regulating the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in OSCC remains unclear. In this study, we found that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 effectively enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin and radiotherapy on cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of OSCC cells by cisplatin and radiotherapy. Furthermore, treatment with JQ1 reversed the increase of the expression of PD-L1 by cisplatin and radiotherapy, whereas the overexpression of PD-L1 partially countered the beneficial effects of JQ1 on the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and radiotherapy. These results demonstrate that the inhibition of BRD4 improves the anticancer effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy by suppressing the expression of PD-L1 in OSCC, suggesting that targeting BRD4 could be a promising therapeutic approach for chemo/radioresistant OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Lorenzen S, Götze TO, Thuss-Patience P, Biebl M, Homann N, Schenk M, Lindig U, Heuer V, Kretzschmar A, Goekkurt E, Haag GM, Riera-Knorrenschild J, Bolling C, Hofheinz RD, Zhan T, Angermeier S, Ettrich TJ, Siebenhuener AR, Elshafei M, Bechstein WO, Gaiser T, Loose M, Sookthai D, Kopp C, Pauligk C, Al-Batran SE. Perioperative Atezolizumab Plus Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Docetaxel for Resectable Esophagogastric Cancer: Interim Results From the Randomized, Multicenter, Phase II/III DANTE/IKF-s633 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:410-420. [PMID: 37963317 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This trial evaluates the addition of the PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab (ATZ) to standard-of-care fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) as a perioperative treatment for patients with resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA). METHODS DANTE started as multicenter, randomized phase II trial, which was subsequently converted to a phase III trial. Here, we present the results of the phase II proportion, focusing on surgical pathology and safety outcomes on an exploratory basis. Patients with resectable EGA (≥cT2 or cN+) were assigned to either four preoperative and postoperative cycles of FLOT combined with ATZ, followed by eight cycles of ATZ maintenance (arm A) or FLOT alone (arm B). RESULTS Two hundred ninety-five patients were randomly assigned (A, 146; B, 149) with balanced baseline characteristics between arms. Twenty-three patients (8%) had tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI), and 58% patients had tumors with a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of ≥1. Surgical morbidity (A, 45%; B, 42%) and 60-day mortality (A, 3%; B, 2%) were comparable between arms. Downstaging favored arm A versus arm B (ypT0, 23% v 15% [one-sided P = .044]; ypT0-T2, 61% v 48% [one-sided P = .015]; ypN0, 68% v 54% [one-sided P = .012]). Histopathologic complete regression rates (pathologic complete response or TRG1a) were higher after FLOT plus ATZ (A, 24%; B, 15%; one-sided P = .032), and the difference was more pronounced in the PD-L1 CPS ≥10 (A, 33%; B, 12%) and MSI (A, 63%; B, 27%) subpopulations. Complete margin-free (R0) resection rates were relatively high in both arms (A, 96%; B, 95%). The incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the exploratory nature of the data, the addition of ATZ to perioperative FLOT is safe and improved postoperative stage and histopathologic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lorenzen
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Oliver Götze
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Thuss-Patience
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Biebl
- Chirurgische Klinik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Homann
- Klinikum Wolfsburg, MED. Klinik II, Wolfsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schenk
- Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Udo Lindig
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Eray Goekkurt
- Haematologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf, Universitäres Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Martin Haag
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claus Bolling
- Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Tianzuo Zhan
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Angermeier
- RKH-Kliniken Ludwigsburg, Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Reinhard Siebenhuener
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Hirslanden Zurich AG, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf Otto Bechstein
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeral-, Transplantations- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Loose
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Disorn Sookthai
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Kopp
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claudia Pauligk
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Frankfurter Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF am Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt, Germany
- Krankenhaus Nordwest, University Cancer Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Jiang Z, Ouyang Q, Sun T, Zhang Q, Teng Y, Cui J, Wang H, Yin Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Wang Y, Sun G, Wang J, Zhang L, Yang J, Qian J, Yan M, Liu X, Yi T, Cheng Y, Li M, Zang A, Wang S, Wang C, Wu X, Cheng J, Li H, Lin Y, Geng C, Gu K, Xie C, Xiong H, Wu X, Yang J, Li Q, Chen Y, Li F, Zhang A, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Nie J, Liu Q, Wang K, Mo X, Chen L, Pan Y, Fu P, Zhang H, Pang D, Sheng Y, Han Y, Wang H, Cang S, Luo X, Yu W, Deng R, Yang C, Keegan P. Toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel in metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:249-256. [PMID: 38191615 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The combination of immune-checkpoint blockade with chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has generated mixed results. TORCHLIGHT is a randomized, double-blinded phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of first-line toripalimab and nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) (n = 353; experimental arm) versus placebo and nab-P (n = 178; control arm) for the treatment of women with metastatic or recurrent TNBC. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by a blinded independent central review in the PD-L1-positive and intention-to-treat populations. The secondary end points included overall survival and safety. Overall, 200 and 100 patients, in the toripalimab and placebo arm respectively had PD-L1-positive TNBC. At the prespecified interim analysis, a statistically significant improvement in PFS assessed by a blinded independent central review was demonstrated in the experimental arm in the PD-L1-positive population (median PFS 8.4 versus 5.6 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.470-0.906, P = 0.0102). The median overall survival was 32.8 versus 19.5 months (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.414-0.914, P = 0.0148). Similar incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) (99.2% versus 98.9%), grade ≥3 treatment-emergent AEs (56.4% versus 54.3%) and fatal AEs (0.6% versus 3.4%) occurred in the experimental and control arms. The addition of toripalimab to nab-P provided a significant improvement in PFS for PD-L1-positive patients with metastatic or recurrent TNBC with an acceptable safety profile. ClinicalTrial.gov identifier NCT03777579 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefei Jiang
- Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Quchang Ouyang
- Breast Internal Medicine Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Breast Medicine Ward Area I, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Breast & Lymphoma, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuee Teng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Oncology Center, Oncology Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Breast (Mammary Gland) Disease, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The Breast Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Gang Sun
- Breast Medicine Department, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Jingfen Wang
- Breast Medicine Department, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Min Yan
- Breast Surgery, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinlan Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tienan Yi
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Aimin Zang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Galactophore Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhuan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Galactophore Department, Union Hospital Tongji Medical College of Hust, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuizhi Geng
- Department of Breast Cancer, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chunwei Xie
- Breast Surgery, Nanchang People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College of Hust, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junlan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Anqin Zhang
- Breast Surgery Department, Guandong Maternal Hospital, Guandong Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyun Nie
- Third department of Breast surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University), Kuming, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Breast Surgery Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Mo
- Breast Disease Department, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lilin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Oncology Chemotherapy Department, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Peifen Fu
- Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Helong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University of the People's Liberation Army Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Danmei Pang
- Breast Oncology Department, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery Department, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Wenbo Yu
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Deng
- Shanghai Junshi Biosciences, Shanghai, China
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12
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Liang L, Li Y, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Shao M, Jiang H, Wu Z, Chen H, Guo J, Jia H, Zhao T. Maprotiline Prompts an Antitumour Effect by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression in Mice with Melanoma. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2024; 17:e18761429259562. [PMID: 37982288 DOI: 10.2174/0118761429259562230925055749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has revealed that the expression of PD-L1 is significantly upregulated in tumour cells and that the binding of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) to programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibits the response of T cells, thereby suppressing tumour immunity. Therefore, blocking PD-L1/PD-1 signalling has become an important target in clinical immunotherapy. Some old drugs, namely, non-anticancer drugs, have also been found to have antitumour effects, and maprotiline is one of them. Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant that has been widely used to treat depression. However, it has not yet been reported whether maprotiline can exert an antitumour effect on melanoma. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the antitumour efficacy of maprotiline in mice with melanoma. METHODS In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a tumour-bearing animal model. After treatment with maprotiline, the survival rate of mice was recorded daily. The expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western blotting, the proportion of immune cells was detected by flow cytometry, and the infiltration of immune cells in tumour tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Maprotiline was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of B16 cells while increasing cell apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with maprotiline decreased the expression of PD-L1 and increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells in the spleen. It also increased the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumour tissue. CONCLUSION Our research findings suggest that maprotiline enhances the antitumour immune response in mouse melanoma by inhibiting PD-L1 expression. This study may discover a new PD-L1 inhibitor, providing a novel therapeutic option for the clinical treatment of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Chunjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Mingguang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Zunge Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Haoqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Jiaming Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Huijie Jia
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Vaccine and Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of immune checkpoint drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, P.R.China
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13
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Jing H, Meng M, Ye M, Liu S, Cao X, Li K, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wu Y. Integrin α2 promotes immune escape in non-small-cell lung cancer by enhancing PD-L1 expression in exosomes to inhibit CD8 + T-cell activity. J Investig Med 2024; 72:57-66. [PMID: 37804164 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231207801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to delineate the mechanism and functional role of integrin α2 (ITGA2) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell immune escape. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to analyze ITGA2 expression in NSCLC tissues, and correlations between ITGA2 expression and patient survival time, ITGA2 expression and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1; CD274) expression, and ITGA2 expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected ITGA2 expression. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to examine the morphology of exosomes, and western blot measured CD9, CD63, and PD-L1 levels. CCK-8 measured cell viability. Cell toxicity experiment measured the killing effect of CD8+ T cells on cancer cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assessed secretion levels of interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and PD-L1 expression in exosomes. Immunohistochemistry detected ITGA2, CD8, and PD-L1 expression in patient tissue samples. ITGA2 was highly expressed in NSCLC, and Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation of ITGA2 with CD8+ T-cell infiltration and a positive correlation of ITGA2 with PD-L1 expression. Cell experiments showed that silencing ITGA2 hindered NSCLC cell progression and increased levels of CD8+ T-cell secretory factors. Further mechanism studies found that ITGA2 reduced CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity via the increase in PD-L1 expression. Clinical sample testing unveiled that ITGA2 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues. PD-L1 upregulation was seen in exosomes separated from patient blood, and correlation analysis showed a positive correlation of exosomal PD-L1 expression in blood with ITGA2 expression in tissues. This study displays a novel mechanism and role of ITGA2 in NSCLC immune escape, providing directions for the clinical therapy of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengjie Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xubo Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinghao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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14
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Rui M, Wang Y, Li Y, Fei Z. Immunotherapy Guided by Immunohistochemistry PD-L1 Testing for Patients with NSCLC: A Microsimulation Model-Based Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. BioDrugs 2024; 38:157-170. [PMID: 37792142 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the basis of immunohistochemistry PD-L1 testing results, patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated differently. Theoretically, patients with high PD-L1 expression (50% or 1%) should receive PD-1 monotherapy for fewer adverse reactions and cost savings from avoiding chemotherapy; however, there is controversy surrounding the cut-off criteria (1% or 50%) for immunohistochemistry testing and threshold for PD-1 monotherapy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to predict the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different immunotherapy strategies for patients with NSCLC in China from the healthcare system perspective. PATIENTS AND METHODS A microsimulation model was developed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three treatment strategies: PD-L1 testing (1%) (PD-1 monotherapy for those with PD-L1 expression at 1% threshold, and combination with chemotherapy for others with immunohistochemistry testing), PD-L1 testing (50%) (PD-1 monotherapy for those with PD-L1 expression at 50% threshold, and combination with chemotherapy for others with immunohistochemistry testing), and No PD-L1 testing (PD-1 combined with chemotherapy without immunohistochemistry testing). The model assumed 1000 patients per strategy, with each patient entering a unique clinical path prior to receiving treatment on the basis of PD-L1 test results. Clinical inputs were derived from clinical trials. Cost and utility parameters were obtained from the database and literature. One-way probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) and six scenario analyses were used to test the model's robustness. RESULTS The study revealed a hierarchy of survival benefits across three strategies, with No PD-L1 testing demonstrating the most survival advantage, followed by PD-L1 testing (50%), and finally, PD-L1 testing (1%). The comparative analysis demonstrated that No PD-L1 testing significantly enhanced overall survival (OS) (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.93), progression-free survival (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.90), and progression-free2 survival (PFS2) (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99) when juxtaposed against PD-L1 testing (1%). However, these improvements were not as pronounced when compared with PD-L1 testing (50%), particularly in relation to PFS, PFS2, and OS. The cost-effectiveness analysis further unveiled incremental cost-utility ratios (ICUR), with No PD-L1 testing versus PD-L1 testing (50%) at $34,003 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and No PD-L1 testing versus PD-L1 testing (1%) at $34,804 per QALY. In parallel, the ICUR for PD-L1 testing (50%) versus PD-L1 testing (1%) stood at $35,713 per QALY. Remarkably, the PSA result under a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $10,144 per QALY, with a 100% probability, demonstrated PD-L1 testing (1%) as the most cost-effective option. CONCLUSIONS The survival benefits of PD-1 monotherapy for high expression with PD-L1 immunohistochemistry testing are inferior to those of PD-1 combined with chemotherapy without testing, but it is found to be more cost-effective at the WTP thresholds in China and holds great potential in increasing affordability and reducing the economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Rui
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yingcheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Institute for Global Health, Department of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhengyang Fei
- Center for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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15
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De Caluwe A, Romano E, Poortmans P, Gombos A, Agostinetto E, Marta GN, Denis Z, Drisis S, Vandekerkhove C, Desmet A, Philippson C, Craciun L, Veys I, Larsimont D, Paesmans M, Van Gestel D, Salgado R, Sotiriou C, Piccart-Gebhart M, Ignatiadis M, Buisseret L. First-in-human study of SBRT and adenosine pathway blockade to potentiate the benefit of immunochemotherapy in early-stage luminal B breast cancer: results of the safety run-in phase of the Neo-CheckRay trial. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007279. [PMID: 38056900 PMCID: PMC10711977 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Luminal B breast cancer (BC) presents a worse prognosis when compared with luminal A BC and exhibits a lower sensitivity to chemotherapy and a lower immunogenicity in contrast to non-luminal BC subtypes. The Neo-CheckRay clinical trial investigates the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) directed to the primary tumor in combination with the adenosine pathway inhibitor oleclumab to improve the response to neo-adjuvant immuno-chemotherapy in luminal B BC. The trial consists of a safety run-in followed by a randomized phase II trial. Here, we present the results of the first-in-human safety run-in. METHODS The safety run-in was an open-label, single-arm trial in which six patients with early-stage luminal B BC received the following neo-adjuvant regimen: paclitaxel q1w×12 → doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide q2w×4; durvalumab (anti-programmed cell death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1)) q4w×5; oleclumab (anti-CD73) q2w×4 → q4w×3 and 3×8 Gy SBRT to the primary tumor at week 5. Surgery must be performed 2-6 weeks after primary systemic treatment and adjuvant therapy was given per local guidelines, RT boost to the tumor bed was not allowed. Key inclusion criteria were: luminal BC, Ki67≥15% or histological grade 3, MammaPrint high risk, tumor size≥1.5 cm. Primary tumor tissue samples were collected at three timepoints: baseline, 1 week after SBRT and at surgery. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-L1 and CD73 were evaluated at each timepoint, and residual cancer burden (RCB) was calculated at surgery. RESULTS Six patients were included between November 2019 and March 2020. Median age was 53 years, range 37-69. All patients received SBRT and underwent surgery 2-4 weeks after the last treatment. After a median follow-up time of 2 years after surgery, one grade 3 adverse event (AE) was reported: pericarditis with rapid resolution under corticosteroids. No grade 4-5 AE were documented. Overall cosmetical breast evaluation after surgery was 'excellent' in four patients and 'good' in two patients. RCB results were 2/6 RCB 0; 2/6 RCB 1; 1/6 RCB 2 and 1/6 RCB 3. CONCLUSIONS This novel treatment combination was considered safe and is worth further investigation in a randomized phase II trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03875573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex De Caluwe
- Radiation Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Romano
- Medical Oncology, Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Philip Poortmans
- Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network and University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gombos
- Medical Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Elisa Agostinetto
- Clinical Trials Support Unit (CTSU), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Guilherme Nader Marta
- Clinical Trials Support Unit (CTSU), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Zoe Denis
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stylianos Drisis
- Radiology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vandekerkhove
- Medical Physics, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Antoine Desmet
- Radiation Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Catherine Philippson
- Radiation Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Pathology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Veys
- Surgery, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Pathology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marianne Paesmans
- Clinical Trials Support Unit (CTSU), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Gestel
- Radiation Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Christos Sotiriou
- Medical Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart-Gebhart
- Medical Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michail Ignatiadis
- Medical Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Medical Oncology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
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16
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Lee M, Liu J, Miao E, Wang S, Zhang F, Wei J, Chung J, Xue X, Halmos B, Hosgood HD, Cheng H. Similar Efficacy Observed for First-Line Immunotherapy in Racial/Ethnic Minority Patients With Metastatic NSCLC. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023; 21:1269-1280.e5. [PMID: 38081123 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exist on the impact of immunotherapy use in ethnic minority patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), because they have been underrepresented in immunotherapy trials. This study aims to evaluate race/ethnicity and other demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors of patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first-line immunotherapy. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 5,920 patients diagnosed with lung cancer treated at Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center from January 1, 2013, to June 1, 2022, was used to identify patients with metastatic NSCLC without EGFR, ALK, or ROS1 alterations who underwent first-line immunotherapy (n=248). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), with secondary endpoints of progression-free survival (PFS) and time to discontinuation (TTD) from the start of immunotherapy. RESULTS Among the 248 patients, median follow-up time was 12.0 months, median age at start of treatment was 66 years, and 39.1% were non-Hispanic Black, 30.2% were Hispanic, and 30.7% were non-Hispanic White. OS (P=.39), PFS (P=.29), and TTD (P=.98) were similar among racial/ethnic groups. Patients with an ECOG performance status (PS) of <2 at the start of immunotherapy had longer OS compared with those with ECOG PS of ≥2 (P<.0001). PD-L1 expression (<50% vs ≥50%; P=.03) and body mass index (BMI) (P=.01) were also found to be associated with PFS, and ECOG PS (P<.0001) and BMI (P=.02) were associated with TTD. In a multivariate analysis of OS and PFS, ECOG PS was the only variable found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS Our study observed similar benefits of immunotherapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC in different racial and ethnic groups. Furthermore, ECOG PS was associated with OS, and PD-L1 expression and BMI were associated with PFS and TTD. These findings help identify potential factors associated with outcomes and care while patients are undergoing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lee
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jianyou Liu
- 2Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Emily Miao
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Shuai Wang
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Frank Zhang
- 3Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - John Wei
- 3Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Julie Chung
- 4Department of Health Information Management, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- 2Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Balazs Halmos
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- 2Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Haiying Cheng
- 1Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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17
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Weinberg OK, Pinkus GC, Ramos-Gonzalez GJ, Agur T, Rodig NM. Programmed cell death ligand 1 expression associated with subtypes of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder among pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e15134. [PMID: 37772613 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells engages the PD-1 receptor on T cells, inhibiting anti-tumor responses. PD-L1 has been detected in cases of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) but reports are limited. Here we examine PD-L1 expression and evaluate for clinical correlations. METHODS Twenty-one cases of PTLD were identified among pediatric kidney transplant recipients at our institution from February 1996 to April 2017. Using paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies, we examined 21 primary tumors for expression using PD-L1 monoclonal antibody performed with PAX5 as a double stain. We scored expression of PD-L1 on lesional B-cells as a percentage of positive cells. Clinical course and outcome were obtained from retrospective chart review. RESULTS Applying revised 2017 WHO PTLD classification showed five non-destructive, nine polymorphic, and seven monomorphic cases. Average PD-L1 expression based upon PTLD subtype was: non-destructive 11%, polymorphic 43%, and monomorphic 73% (p = .01). Two patients transferred shortly after diagnosis, five received chemotherapy, and three died from PTLD. Among the fatalities, all showed monomorphic PTLD and 90% of lesional B-cells expressed PD-L1. CONCLUSION In this case series, significant differences in PD-L1 expression were seen among different subtypes, and monomorphic PTLD demonstrated the highest expression. Study of a larger cohort is needed, and if the correlation of PD-L1 expression and PTLD subtype is confirmed, this may highlight the potential utility of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cases of severe or refractory disease among kidney transplant recipient in whom the risk of allograft loss is acceptable given the option of chronic dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga K Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Geraldine C Pinkus
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Timna Agur
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Nancy M Rodig
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Pellegrino B, Tommasi C, Serra O, Gori S, Cretella E, Ambroggi M, Frassoldati A, Bisagni G, Casarini C, Bria E, Carbognin L, Fiorio E, Mura A, Zamagni C, Gianni L, Zambelli A, Montemurro F, Tognetto M, Todeschini R, Missale G, Campanini N, Silini EM, Maglietta G, Musolino A. Randomized, open-label, phase II, biomarker study of immune-mediated mechanism of action of neoadjuvant subcutaneous trastuzumab in patients with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer-Immun-HER trial (GOIRC-01-2016). J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007667. [PMID: 38016718 PMCID: PMC10685938 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is possible to induce immunomodulation in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) by modifying the route of administration of trastuzumab. METHODS In this multicenter randomized phase II trial, all enrolled patients (pts) with T2-T4d HER2-positive BC received 3 cycles of neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) with fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks (q21), followed by docetaxel/pertuzumab plus intravenous trastuzumab (arm A) or, docetaxel/pertuzumab plus subcutaneous (SC) trastuzumab (arm B) q21x4 cycles. After surgical operation, each pt was treated with trastuzumab q21x14 cycles using the same SC or intravenous formulation of NAT. Primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects with high stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) in postneoadjuvant residual disease (RD). RESULTS Sixty-three pts (31 (arm A) and 32 (arm B)) were enrolled. Pathological complete response was obtained by 20/31 pts (64.5%; 95% CI 45.4% to 80.1%) in arm A and 19/32 pts (59.4%; 95% CI 40.1% to 76.3%) in arm B. High sTILs were observed in 27% and 46% of postneoadjuvant residual tumors in arms A and B, respectively. CD8+ T cells increased significantly in RDs of both arms (p=0.014 and 0.002 for arm A and B, respectively), whereas a significant decline in the level of CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells was observed only in arm B (p=0.016). A significant upregulation of PD-1 on sTILs was found in RD of pts enrolled in arm B (p=0.012), while programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was significantly overexpressed in residual tumors of arm A (p=0.02). A strong negative correlation was reported in arm B between expression of PD-L1 on pretreatment sTILs and CD3 expression on sTILs in RD (τ: -0.73). Grade≥3 AE incidence rates were similar between the two arms. CONCLUSIONS SC trastuzumab induced relevant sTILs enrichment, with favorable variations of immune parameters in HER2-positive BC pts with RD after NAT. Novel immunotherapy strategies should be tested to achieve SC-specific, antitumor immune response. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03144947, and EudraCT number: 2016-000435-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Pellegrino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tommasi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Olga Serra
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Gori
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria-Negrar (VR), negrar, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Ambroggi
- Medical Oncology, Hospital of Piacenza, Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Antonio Frassoldati
- Specialist Medical Department, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna of Ferrara, Cona, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bisagni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS Tecnologie Avanzate e Modelli Assistenziali in Oncologia di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Chiara Casarini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale di Sassuolo, Sassuolo, Modena, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Lazio, Italy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Luisa Carbognin
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fiorio
- Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Mura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Zamagni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gianni
- Oncology Department, Infermi Hospital, AUSL della Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Oncology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Filippo Montemurro
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Candiolo, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriele Missale
- Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonino Musolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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19
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Luo F, Yang G, Bai X, Yuan D, Li L, Wang D, Lu X, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Song X, Zhao Y. Anti-tumor effect of PD-L1-targeting antagonistic aptamer-ASO delivery system with dual inhibitory function in immunotherapy. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1390-1401.e6. [PMID: 37944524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitor antibody therapy by blocking the interaction of surface programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) has promising advantages in cancer immunotherapy. However, the response of many patients remains unsatisfactorily, suspected to be relevant to PD-L1 located in other cellular compartments and antibodies do not have access to the intracellular compartments. Herein, we identify a PD-L1-targeting DNA aptamer (PA9-1) with dual roles, including an antagonist and a delivery agent dependent on PD-L1 internalization. And we design the PD-L1-targeting antagonistic aptamer-ASO delivery system (PA9-1-ASO), with synergistic inhibitory PD-L1 activity involving the combination of blockade and silencing mechanisms. This chimera not only blocks PD-L1/PD-1 but also achieves targeted delivery of the conjugated ASO to reduce both surface PD-L1 and total PD-L1 expression. Compared with the single blockade, this chimera with the dual inhibitory function synergistically inhibits PD-L1 to amplify immunotherapeutic efficacy, providing a promising synergistic strategy for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatao Luo
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xia Bai
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Yuan
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Diyue Wang
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Lu
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Cheng
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Xu Song
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yongyun Zhao
- Department Center for Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Institution Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R. China.
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Heymach JV, Harpole D, Mitsudomi T, Taube JM, Galffy G, Hochmair M, Winder T, Zukov R, Garbaos G, Gao S, Kuroda H, Ostoros G, Tran TV, You J, Lee KY, Antonuzzo L, Papai-Szekely Z, Akamatsu H, Biswas B, Spira A, Crawford J, Le HT, Aperghis M, Doherty GJ, Mann H, Fouad TM, Reck M. Perioperative Durvalumab for Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1672-1684. [PMID: 37870974 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2304875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant or adjuvant immunotherapy can improve outcomes in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Perioperative regimens may combine benefits of both to improve long-term outcomes. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with resectable NSCLC (stage II to IIIB [N2 node stage] according to the eighth edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual) to receive platinum-based chemotherapy plus durvalumab or placebo administered intravenously every 3 weeks for 4 cycles before surgery, followed by adjuvant durvalumab or placebo intravenously every 4 weeks for 12 cycles. Randomization was stratified according to disease stage (II or III) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (≥1% or <1%). Primary end points were event-free survival (defined as the time to the earliest occurrence of progressive disease that precluded surgery or prevented completion of surgery, disease recurrence [assessed in a blinded fashion by independent central review], or death from any cause) and pathological complete response (evaluated centrally). RESULTS A total of 802 patients were randomly assigned to receive durvalumab (400 patients) or placebo (402 patients). The duration of event-free survival was significantly longer with durvalumab than with placebo; the stratified hazard ratio for disease progression, recurrence, or death was 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 0.88; P = 0.004) at the first interim analysis. At the 12-month landmark analysis, event-free survival was observed in 73.4% of the patients who received durvalumab (95% CI, 67.9 to 78.1), as compared with 64.5% of the patients who received placebo (95% CI, 58.8 to 69.6). The incidence of pathological complete response was significantly greater with durvalumab than with placebo (17.2% vs. 4.3% at the final analysis; difference, 13.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 8.7 to 17.6; P<0.001 at interim analysis of data from 402 patients). Event-free survival and pathological complete response benefit were observed regardless of stage and PD-L1 expression. Adverse events of maximum grade 3 or 4 occurred in 42.4% of patients with durvalumab and in 43.2% with placebo. Data from 62 patients with documented EGFR or ALK alterations were excluded from the efficacy analyses in the modified intention-to-treat population. CONCLUSIONS In patients with resectable NSCLC, perioperative durvalumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with significantly greater event-free survival and pathological complete response than neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, with a safety profile that was consistent with the individual agents. (Funded by AstraZeneca; AEGEAN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03800134.).
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Heymach
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - David Harpole
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Janis M Taube
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Gabriella Galffy
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Maximilian Hochmair
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Thomas Winder
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Ruslan Zukov
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Gabriel Garbaos
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Shugeng Gao
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Hiroaki Kuroda
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Gyula Ostoros
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Tho V Tran
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Jian You
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Antonuzzo
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Zsolt Papai-Szekely
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Hiroaki Akamatsu
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Bivas Biswas
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Alexander Spira
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Jeffrey Crawford
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Ha T Le
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Mike Aperghis
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Gary J Doherty
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Helen Mann
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Tamer M Fouad
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
| | - Martin Reck
- From the Department of Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (J.V.H.), and US Oncology Research, the Woodlands (A.S.) - both in Texas; the Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center (D.H.), and Duke Cancer Institute (J.C.) - both in Durham, NC; the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama (T.M.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi (H.K.), and Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama (H.A.) - all in Japan; the Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore (J.M.T.); Törökbalint Institute of Pulmonology, Törökbálint (G. Galffy), Koranyi National Institute for TB and Pulmonology, Budapest (G.O.), and the University Teaching Hospital of Fejér County, Székesfehérvár (Z.P.-S.) - all in Hungary; the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna (M.H.), and the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch, Feldkirch (T.W.) - both in Austria; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia (R.Z.); Fundación Estudios Clínicos, Santa Fe, Argentina (G. Garbaos); the Thoracic Surgery Department, National Cancer Center-National Clinical Research Center for Cancer-Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (S.G.), and the Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin (J.Y.) - both in China; the Oncology and Chemotherapy Department, University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City (T.V.T.), and No. 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hanoi Oncology Hospital, Hanoi (H.T.L.) - both in Vietnam; the Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (K.-Y.L.); the Clinical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.A.); Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India (B.B.); Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax (A.S.); AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.A., G.J.D., H.M.); AstraZeneca, New York (T.M.F.); and Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany (M.R.)
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Kim YN, Chung YS, Lee JH, Park E, Lee ST, Kim S, Lee JY. Application of precision medicine based on next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry in ovarian cancer: a real-world experience. J Gynecol Oncol 2023; 34:e70. [PMID: 37417298 PMCID: PMC10627761 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the landscape of gene alterations and immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiles of patients with ovarian cancer for targeted therapy and investigate the real-world experience of applying precision medicine. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2015 and May 2021 at Severance Hospital and who underwent tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS) were reviewed. Data on germline mutation, IHC markers for mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression were acquired. The use of matched therapy and its clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 512 patients who underwent tumor NGS, 403 underwent panel-based germline testing. In patients who underwent both tests, tumor NGS identified 39 patients (9.7%) with BRCA mutations and 16 patients (4.0%) with other homologous recombination repair (HRR)-associated gene mutations, which were not found in germline testing. The most common single nucleotide variants were TP53 (82.2%), ARID1A (10.4%), PIK3CA (9.7%), and KRAS (8.4%). Copy number aberrations were found in 122 patients. MMRd was found in 3.2% of patients, high PD-L1 expression in 10.1%, and HER2 overexpression in 6.5%. Subsequently, 75 patients (14.6%) received a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor based on BRCA mutation and 11 patients (2.1%) based on other HRR-associated gene mutations. Six patients (1.2%) with MMRd underwent immunotherapy. Twenty-eight patients (5.5%) received other matched therapies targeting HER2, fibroblast growth factor receptor, folate receptor alpha, RAS, and PIK3CA. CONCLUSION A comprehensive review of germline mutation, IHC, and tumor NGS helped identify candidates for precision therapy in patients with ovarian cancer, a proportion of whom received matched therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Na Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Liu H, Milenković‐Grišić A, Krishnan SM, Jönsson S, Friberg LE, Girard P, Venkatakrishnan K, Vugmeyster Y, Khandelwal A, Karlsson MO. A multistate modeling and simulation framework to learn dose-response of oncology drugs: Application to bintrafusp alfa in non-small cell lung cancer. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1738-1750. [PMID: 37165943 PMCID: PMC10681430 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dose/exposure-efficacy analyses are often conducted separately for oncology end points like best overall response, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multistate models offer to bridge these dose-end point relationships by describing transitions and transition times from enrollment to response, progression, and death, and evaluating transition-specific dose effects. This study aims to apply the multistate pharmacometric modeling and simulation framework in a dose optimization setting of bintrafusp alfa, a fusion protein targeting TGF-β and PD-L1. A multistate model with six states (stable disease [SD], response, progression, unknown, dropout, and death) was developed to describe the totality of endpoints data (time to response, PFS, and OS) of 80 patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving 500 or 1200 mg of bintrafusp alfa. Besides dose, evaluated predictor of transitions include time, demographics, premedication, disease factors, individual clearance derived from a pharmacokinetic model, and tumor dynamic metrics observed or derived from tumor size model. We found that probabilities of progression and death upon progression decreased over time since enrollment. Patients with metastasis at baseline had a higher probability to progress than patients without metastasis had. Despite dose failed to be statistically significant for any individual transition, the combined effect quantified through a model with dose-specific transition estimates was still informative. Simulations predicted a 69.2% probability of at least 1 month longer, and, 55.6% probability of at least 2-months longer median OS from the 1200 mg compared to the 500 mg dose, supporting the selection of 1200 mg for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of PharmacyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Siv Jönsson
- Department of PharmacyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Pascal Girard
- Merck Institute of Pharmacometrics, an affiliate of Merck KGaALausanneSwitzerland
| | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., an affiliate of Merck KGaABillericaMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yulia Vugmeyster
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., an affiliate of Merck KGaABillericaMassachusettsUSA
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23
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Turner DC, Wada R, Zhou H, Wang X, de Greef R, Valiathan C, Zhang L, Zhang N, Kuchimanchi M, Chen T, Ballas M, Visser SAG. Model-based meta-analysis of non-small cell lung cancer with standard of care PD-1 inhibitors and chemotherapy for early development decision making. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1751-1763. [PMID: 36642813 PMCID: PMC10681483 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-arm cohorts/trials are often used in early phase oncology programs to support preliminary clinical activity assessments for investigational products, administered alone or in combination with standard of care (SOC) agents. Benchmarking clinical activity of those combinations against other treatments, including SOC, requires indirect comparisons against external trials, which presents challenges including cross-study differences in trial populations/other factors. To facilitate such nonrandomized comparisons, we developed a comprehensive model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) framework to quantitatively adjust for factors related to efficacy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Data were derived from 15 published studies assessing key programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors pembrolizumab (n = 8) and nivolumab (n = 7), representing current SOC in mNSCLC. In the first stage, a mixed-effects logistic regression model for overall response rate (ORR) was developed accounting for effects of various population covariates on ORR. The ORR model results indicated an odds ratio (OR) of 1.02 for squamous versus non-squamous histology and OR of 1.20 for PD-ligand 1 tumor proportion score (TPS) per every 10% increase of TPS level. Next, a nonparametric mixed-effects model for overall survival (OS) was developed with ORR/other clinical covariates as input. Subsequently, MBMA simulations of relevant hypothetical scenarios involving single-arm trial design predicted OS hazard ratios as a function of ORR with matched patient characteristics. Findings from this MBMA and derived parameter estimates can be generally applied by the reader as a framework for interpreting efficacy data from early phase trials to support ORR-based go/no-go decisions and futility rules, illustrated through examples in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Turner
- GSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
GenentechSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Russ Wada
- CertaraMenlo ParkCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
QuanTx ConsultingMountain ViewCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Xiaowei Wang
- GSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
ModernaCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Chandni Valiathan
- GSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
J&JNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Ballas
- GSKCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
- Present address:
NovocurePotomacMarylandUSA
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24
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Kurtz JE, Pujade-Lauraine E, Oaknin A, Belin L, Leitner K, Cibula D, Denys H, Rosengarten O, Rodrigues M, de Gregorio N, Martinez García J, Petru E, Kocián R, Vergote I, Pautier P, Schmalfeldt B, Gaba L, Polterauer S, Mouret Reynier MA, Sehouli J, Churruca C, Selle F, Joly F, D'Hondt V, Bultot-Boissier É, Lebreton C, Lotz JP, Largillier R, Heudel PE, Heitz F. Atezolizumab Combined With Bevacizumab and Platinum-Based Therapy for Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian Cancer: Placebo-Controlled Randomized Phase III ATALANTE/ENGOT-ov29 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4768-4778. [PMID: 37643382 PMCID: PMC10602539 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Platinum-based doublets with concurrent and maintenance bevacizumab are standard therapy for ovarian cancer (OC) relapsing after a platinum-free interval (PFI) >6 months. Immunotherapy may be synergistic with bevacizumab and chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS ATALANTE/ENGOT-ov29 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02891824), a placebo-controlled double-blinded randomized phase III trial, enrolled patients with recurrent epithelial OC, one to two previous chemotherapy lines, and PFI >6 months. Eligible patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to atezolizumab (1,200 mg once every 3 weeks or equivalent) or placebo for up to 24 months, combined with bevacizumab and six cycles of chemotherapy doublet, stratified by PFI, PD-L1 status, and chemotherapy regimen. Coprimary end points were investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and PD-L1-positive populations (alpha .025 for each population). RESULTS Between September 2016 and October 2019, 614 patients were randomly assigned: 410 to atezolizumab and 204 to placebo. Only 38% had PD-L1-positive tumors. After 3 years' median follow-up, the PFS difference between atezolizumab and placebo did not reach statistical significance in the ITT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.99; P = .041; median 13.5 v 11.3 months, respectively) or PD-L1-positive (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.16; P = .30; median 15.2 v 13.1 months, respectively) populations. The immature overall survival (OS) HR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.01; median 35.5 v 30.6 months with atezolizumab v placebo, respectively). Global health-related quality of life did not differ between treatment arms. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 88% of atezolizumab-treated and 87% of placebo-treated patients; grade ≥3 AEs typical of immunotherapy were more common with atezolizumab (13% v 8%, respectively). CONCLUSION ATALANTE/ENGOT-ov29 did not meet its coprimary PFS objectives in the ITT or PD-L1-positive populations. OS follow-up continues. Further research on biopsy samples is warranted to decipher the immunologic landscape of late-relapsing OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Emmanuel Kurtz
- Department of Medical and Surgical Oncology & Hematology, ICANS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Pujade-Lauraine
- Association de Recherche sur les CAncers dont GYnécologiques (ARCAGY)-GINECO, Paris, France
| | - Ana Oaknin
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall D'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Belin
- Biostatistics and Public Health Department, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpětriére – Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Katharina Leitner
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ora Rosengarten
- Oncology Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Manuel Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Oncology and INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nikolaus de Gregorio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- SLK Klinikum Heilbronn, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Jeronimo Martinez García
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen Arrixaca (El Palmar) and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Edgar Petru
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roman Kocián
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Barbara Schmalfeldt
- Department of Gynaecology and Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Gaba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut D'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Polterauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Churruca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Spain
| | - Frédéric Selle
- Oncology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
| | - Florence Joly
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Véronique D'Hondt
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Émilie Bultot-Boissier
- Oncology Department, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Lotz
- Medical Oncology Service, Hôpital Tenon, Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Largillier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Azuréen de Cancérologie, Mougins, France
| | | | - Florian Heitz
- Department of Gynecology with Center for Oncological Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Evangelische Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
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25
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Zhao JW, Wang YS, Gu HY, Meng ZN, Wang FW, Wu GQ, Zheng AH. A real-world study of recombinant human endostatin combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer negative for actionable molecular biomarkers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35243. [PMID: 37832095 PMCID: PMC10578728 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing ENPOWER study exploring the efficacy and safety of the recombinant human endostatin (endostar) combined with programmed cell death 1 antibody sintilimab and chemotherapy showed encouraging efficacy and safety in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. To evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of endostar combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor and chemotherapy (EIC) for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients negative for actionable molecular biomarkers (NSCLCnm), patients with advanced NSCLCnm hospitalized to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were screened for eligibility. The included patients were analyzed for the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). The pre- and posttreatment expression levels of serum tumor associated biomarkers, chemokines and subpopulations of immune cells in peripheral blood were compared. For the 31 patients with advanced NSCLCnm treated with EIC, the median follow-up and treatment cycles were 18.0 months and 4, respectively. The ORR and DCR were 38.7% and 90.3%, respectively. For those who received EIC as first-line treatment, the ORR and DCR were 63.2% and 94.7%, respectively. EIC significantly decreased expression levels of carcinoma antigen 125, carcinoma embryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 (P<0.05) in patients who were partial remission or stable disease. Among the 31 patients, 27 (87.1%) experienced at least 1 treatment-related adverse events, and 13 (41.9%) had the treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher. No antiangiogenesis-related adverse events were observed. The current study showed that EIC was potentially effective for patients with NSCLCnm, especially when used as first-line therapy, and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin-Shuang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang-Yu Gu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuo-Nan Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fu-Wei Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Qing Wu
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ai-Hong Zheng
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Pham TT, Gordon AS, Chen X, Debono D, Fisch MJ. Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy vs. immunotherapy alone for advanced non-small cell lung cancer and programmed death ligand 1 score <50. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 37:100769. [PMID: 37839181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the effectiveness of immunotherapy alone or with chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression <50 %. We examined the outcomes of PD-L1 therapy vs. PD-L1 therapy in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment among NSCLC patients with PD-L1 score <50 %. METHODS We used administrative claims and prior authorization data of a national insurer from November 2015 to July 2021. We selected patients with Stage IIIb/IV NSCLC and PD-L1 expression <50 %. Each patient was required to have ≥1 claim of a PD-L1 or PD-1 inhibitor. Treatment groups were propensity-score matched 1:1 on baseline characteristics. We measured PD-L1 therapy duration, incident immune-related adverse events (irAEs), healthcare utilization, costs, and overall survival (OS). RESULTS In the matched sample totaling 176 patients, mean duration of PD-L1 therapy was similar (4.1 [SD 3.3] months combination vs. 4.0 [SD 4.9] months monotherapy, p = 0.800). IrAEs were similar, both for FDA-recognized irAEs (48.9 % combination, 48.9 % monotherapy, p = 0.710) and other types (34.1 % combination, 39.8 % monotherapy, p = 0.473). The combination group had more all-cause inpatient stays, ER visits, and outpatient visits (all p < 0.001). Total adjusted all-cause medical cost was $112,833 (95 % CI $5,548-$251,973) higher for combination therapy. We saw no difference in OS (adjusted hazard ratio 1.09 [95 % CI 0.72-1.65]). CONCLUSION This study found no difference in adverse drug effects or survival between PD-L1 monotherapy compared to combination therapy for patients with Stage IIIb/IV NSCLC and PD-L1 expression <50 %, though the combination therapy cohort had higher healthcare utilization and costs. MICROABSTRACT Use of immunotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and programmed death ligand 1 expression <50 % is understudied. Our observational study using claims and authorization data from a matched sample of 176 patients found no difference in survival or the rate of adverse drug effects between groups, although the chemo-immunotherapy cohort generated higher overall healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Elevance Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David Debono
- Elevance Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michael J Fisch
- Carelon Medical Benefits Management, Chicago, IL, United States
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27
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Li W, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Zheng W, Wang R, Gu X. Predictive value of tumor mutational burden for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34990. [PMID: 37800825 PMCID: PMC10553067 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the therapeutic effect of Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS Four electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were searched on May 10, 2023, and no time limitation was applied. Analyses were performed using STATA17.0. We assessed the methodological quality of each randomized controlled trial using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS After exhaustive database search and rigorous screening, 10 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our findings indicate that high TMB significantly improves progression-free survival but reduces overall response rate. The overall survival was not significantly different between the high and low TMB groups. No significant publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION High TMB serves as a potential predictive biomarker for improved progression-free survival and reduced overall response rate in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitors. However, its predictive value in overall survival requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenying Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Chang’an District, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
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28
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Schütte W, Gütz S, Nehls W, Blum TG, Brückl W, Buttmann-Schweiger N, Büttner R, Christopoulos P, Delis S, Deppermann KM, Dickgreber N, Eberhardt W, Eggeling S, Fleckenstein J, Flentje M, Frost N, Griesinger F, Grohé C, Gröschel A, Guckenberger M, Hecker E, Hoffmann H, Huber RM, Junker K, Kauczor HU, Kollmeier J, Kraywinkel K, Krüger M, Kugler C, Möller M, Nestle U, Passlick B, Pfannschmidt J, Reck M, Reinmuth N, Rübe C, Scheubel R, Schumann C, Sebastian M, Serke M, Stoelben E, Stuschke M, Thomas M, Tufman A, Vordermark D, Waller C, Wolf J, Wolf M, Wormanns D. [Prevention, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Follow-up of Lung Cancer - Interdisciplinary Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Cancer Society - Abridged Version]. Pneumologie 2023; 77:671-813. [PMID: 37884003 DOI: 10.1055/a-2029-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The current S3 Lung Cancer Guidelines are edited with fundamental changes to the previous edition based on the dynamic influx of information to this field:The recommendations include de novo a mandatory case presentation for all patients with lung cancer in a multidisciplinary tumor board before initiation of treatment, furthermore CT-Screening for asymptomatic patients at risk (after federal approval), recommendations for incidental lung nodule management , molecular testing of all NSCLC independent of subtypes, EGFR-mutations in resectable early stage lung cancer in relapsed or recurrent disease, adjuvant TKI-therapy in the presence of common EGFR-mutations, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in resected lung cancer with PD-L1 ≥ 50%, obligatory evaluation of PD-L1-status, consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition after radiochemotherapy in patients with PD-L1-pos. tumor, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition in patients withPD-L1 ≥ 50% stage IIIA and treatment options in PD-L1 ≥ 50% tumors independent of PD-L1status and targeted therapy and treatment option immune chemotherapy in first line SCLC patients.Based on the current dynamic status of information in this field and the turnaround time required to implement new options, a transformation to a "living guideline" was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schütte
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Krankenhaus Martha Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle (Saale)
| | - Sylvia Gütz
- St. Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Leipzig, Abteilung für Innere Medizin I, Leipzig
| | - Wiebke Nehls
- Klinik für Palliativmedizin und Geriatrie, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring
| | - Torsten Gerriet Blum
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | - Wolfgang Brückl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 3, Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord
| | | | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Uniklinik Köln, Berlin
| | | | - Sandra Delis
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | | | - Nikolas Dickgreber
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Thoraxonkologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Klinikum Rheine
| | | | - Stephan Eggeling
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin
| | - Jochen Fleckenstein
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - Michael Flentje
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Nikolaj Frost
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie/Pneumologie, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Frank Griesinger
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg
| | | | - Andreas Gröschel
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Clemenshospital, Münster
| | | | | | - Hans Hoffmann
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU München, Sektion für Thoraxchirurgie, München
| | - Rudolf M Huber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Thorakale Onkologie, LMU Klinikum Munchen
| | - Klaus Junker
- Klinikum Oststadt Bremen, Institut für Pathologie, Bremen
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Klinikum der Universität Heidelberg, Abteilung Diagnostische Radiologie, Heidelberg
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | | | - Marcus Krüger
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle-Dölau
| | | | - Miriam Möller
- Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Halle-Dölau
| | - Ursula Nestle
- Kliniken Maria Hilf, Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Mönchengladbach
| | | | - Joachim Pfannschmidt
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin
| | - Martin Reck
- Lungeclinic Grosshansdorf, Pneumologisch-onkologische Abteilung, Grosshansdorf
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Thorakale Onkologie, Asklepios Lungenklinik Gauting, Gauting
| | - Christian Rübe
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Homburg
| | | | | | - Martin Sebastian
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt
| | - Monika Serke
- Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer
| | | | - Martin Stuschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen
| | - Michael Thomas
- Thoraxklinik am Univ.-Klinikum Heidelberg, Thorakale Onkologie, Heidelberg
| | - Amanda Tufman
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Thorakale Onkologie, LMU Klinikum München
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle
| | - Cornelius Waller
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- Klinikum Kassel, Klinik für Onkologie und Hämatologie, Kassel
| | - Dag Wormanns
- Evangelische Lungenklinik, Radiologisches Institut, Berlin
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Felip E, Altorki N, Zhou C, Vallières E, Martínez-Martí A, Rittmeyer A, Chella A, Reck M, Goloborodko O, Huang M, Belleli R, McNally V, Srivastava MK, Bennett E, Gitlitz BJ, Wakelee HA. Overall survival with adjuvant atezolizumab after chemotherapy in resected stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (IMpower010): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase III trial. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:907-919. [PMID: 37467930 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IMpower010 (NCT02486718) demonstrated significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) with adjuvant atezolizumab versus best supportive care (BSC) following platinum-based chemotherapy in the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive and all stage II-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) populations, at the DFS interim analysis. Results of the first interim analysis of overall survival (OS) are reported here. PATIENT AND METHODS The design, participants, and primary-endpoint DFS outcomes have been reported for this phase III, open-label, 1 : 1 randomised study of atezolizumab (1200 mg q3w; 16 cycles) versus BSC after adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy (1-4 cycles) in adults with completely resected stage IB (≥4 cm)-IIIA NSCLC (per the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer and American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, 7th edition). Key secondary endpoints included OS in the stage IB-IIIA intent-to-treat (ITT) population and safety in randomised treated patients. The first pre-specified interim analysis of OS was conducted after 251 deaths in the ITT population. Exploratory analyses included OS by baseline PD-L1 expression level (SP263 assay). RESULTS At a median of 45.3 months' follow-up on 18 April 2022, 127 of 507 patients (25%) in the atezolizumab arm and 124 of 498 (24.9%) in the BSC arm had died. The median OS in the ITT population was not estimable; the stratified hazard ratio (HR) was 0.995 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-1.28]. The stratified OS HRs (95% CI) were 0.95 (0.74-1.24) in the stage II-IIIA (n = 882), 0.71 (0.49-1.03) in the stage II-IIIA PD-L1 tumour cell (TC) ≥1% (n = 476), and 0.43 (95% CI 0.24-0.78) in the stage II-IIIA PD-L1 TC ≥50% (n = 229) populations. Atezolizumab-related adverse event incidences remained unchanged since the previous analysis [grade 3/4 in 53 (10.7%) and grade 5 in 4 (0.8%) of 495 patients, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Although OS remains immature for the ITT population, these data indicate a positive trend favouring atezolizumab in PD-L1 subgroup analyses, primarily driven by the PD-L1 TC ≥50% stage II-IIIA subgroup. No new safety signals were observed after 13 months' additional follow-up. Together, these findings support the positive benefit-risk profile of adjuvant atezolizumab in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Altorki
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - C Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - A Martínez-Martí
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rittmeyer
- LKI Lungenfachklinik Immenhausen, Immenhausen, Germany
| | - A Chella
- Cardiac and Thoracic Department, Pneumo-Oncology Day Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Reck
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center of Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - O Goloborodko
- Zaporizhzhia Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Zaporizhzhia SMU Ch of Oncology, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - M Huang
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - R Belleli
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - V McNally
- Roche Products Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | | | - E Bennett
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - H A Wakelee
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, USA
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Chao A, Wu RC, Lin CY, Chang TC, Lai CH. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: From molecular basis to therapeutic advances. Biomed J 2023; 46:100633. [PMID: 37467967 PMCID: PMC10522988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC) is an uncommon but aggressive uterine malignancy, the cause of which is generally associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. A lack of clinical trials and evidence-based treatment guidelines poses therapeutic challenges to this rare tumor. At present, published data remain limited to case series and case reports. While clinical management has traditionally followed those of small cell neuroendocrine (SCNE) lung cancer relying on surgery, chemoradiation, and systemic chemotherapy, the prognosis remains dismal. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as monoclonal antibodies that target programmed death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), atezolizumab and durvalumab have proven effective in extensive-stage SCNE lung cancer. Moreover, pembrolizumab has also proven beneficial effects when added onto chemotherapy in metastatic and recurrent HPV-associated non-SCNE cervical cancer. It holds promise to use ICIs in combination with chemoradiation to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with SCNECC. Future advances in our understanding of SCNECC biology - associated with the study of its genomic and molecular aberrations as well as knowledge from SCNE of lung and other extrapulmonary sites- would be helpful in discovering new molecular targets for drug development. Collaborative efforts and establishment of a SCNECC-specific biobank will be essential to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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31
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Zhu ZC, Chen MJ, Song L, Wang JH, Hu G, Han W, Tan WX, Zhou Z, Sui X, Song W, Jin ZY. [CT-Based Weighted Radiomic Score Predicts Tumor Response to Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2023; 45:794-802. [PMID: 37674467 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To develop a CT-based weighted radiomic model that predicts tumor response to programmed death-1(PD-1)/PD-ligand 1(PD-L1)immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods The patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated by PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2015 to February 2022 were retrospectively studied and classified as responders(partial or complete response)and non-responders(stable or progressive disease).Original radiomic features were extracted from multiple intrapulmonary lesions in the contrast-enhanced CT scans of the arterial phase,and then weighted and summed by an attention-based multiple instances learning algorithm.Logistic regression was employed to build a weighted radiomic scoring model and the radiomic score was then calculated.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)was used to compare the weighted radiomic scoring model,PD-L1 model,clinical model,weighted radiomic scoring + PD-L1 model,and comprehensive prediction model.Results A total of 237 patients were included in the study and randomized into a training set(n=165)and a test set(n=72),with the mean ages of(64±9)and(62±8)years,respectively.The AUC of the weighted radiomic scoring model reached 0.85 and 0.80 in the training set and test set,respectively,which was higher than that of the PD-L1-1 model(Z=37.30,P<0.001 and Z=5.69,P=0.017),PD-L1-50 model(Z=38.36,P<0.001 and Z=17.99,P<0.001),and clinical model(Z=11.40,P<0.001 and Z=5.76,P=0.016).The AUC of the weighted scoring model was not different from that of the weighted radiomic scoring + PD-L1 model and the comprehensive prediction model(both P>0.05).Conclusion The weighted radiomic scores based on pre-treatment enhanced CT images can predict tumor responses to immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Chen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Min-Jiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Lan Song
- Department of Radiology, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Jin-Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Ge Hu
- Translational Medicine Center, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100005,China
| | - Wei-Xiong Tan
- Beijing Deepwise & League of PHD Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Beijing Deepwise & League of PHD Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Radiology, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Radiology, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jin
- Department of Radiology, PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
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Zhang Q, Zhang J, Zhong H, Yuan Y, Yang L, Zhang Q, Ji D, Gong J, Li J, Yao Z, Qi C, Wang J, Lu L, Shi M, Qian X, Shen L, Li J, Hu X. Phase I study of MSB2311, a novel pH-dependent anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, treating patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2729-2739. [PMID: 37115210 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
MSB2311 is a novel pH-dependent humanized anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody. This phase I study primarily aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended phase 2 dose level (RP2D) of MSB2311 in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. MSB2311 was intravenously administered at 3, 10, and 20 mg/kg every 3 weeks (Q3W) and 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W) using 3 + 3 design. During expansion phase, eligible patients with either PD-L1 overexpression, Epstein-Barr Virus positive, microsatellite instability high/mismatch repair deficient, or high tumor mutation burden tumors were treated at RP2D. A total of 37 Chinese patients were treated, including 31 with solid tumors and 6 lymphoma. No dose limiting toxicity was reported and MTD was not reached. The trial was expanded at 20 mg/kg Q3W or 10 mg/kg Q2W, both of which were determined as RP2D. Most common drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were anemia (43.2%), aspartate aminotransferase increase (27.0%), proteinuria (21.6%), alanine aminotransferase increase and hypothyroidism (18.9% each), thyroid stimulating hormone increased and hyperglycemia (16.2% each). Out of 20 efficacy evaluable patients with biomarker positive solid tumors, 6 achieved confirmed partial response with the median duration of response of 11.0 months (95% CI 7.0-11.4) and 4 had stable disease, resulting an objective response rate of 30.0% (95% CI 11.9, 54.3) and disease control rate of 50.0% (95% CI 27.2, 72.8). One partial response was also observed among 6 patients with lymphoma. MSB2311 demonstrated a manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijun Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital & Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dongmei Ji
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifang Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Li
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Yao
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuan Qi
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingmin Lu
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Michael Shi
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueming Qian
- Suzhou Transcenta Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Fucheng Road 52, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Breast and Urinary Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang J, Chen Q, Wang X, Huang D, Jiang R. Bevacizumab/PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer. J Comp Eff Res 2023; 12:e230006. [PMID: 37067955 PMCID: PMC10402762 DOI: 10.57264/cer-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitor or bevacizumab plus chemotherapy in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsNSCLC). Methods: We retrospectively collected data for patients with advanced nsNSCLC who underwent first-line treatment with PD-1 inhibitor or bevacizumab plus chemotherapy (IC and BC groups). Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted to balance covariates. Results: 278 patients were enrolled, after PSM (n = 104/group), the objective response rate was 45.1% and 24.0% in the IC and BC groups (p = 0.001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13.5 and 8.2 months (p = 0.007), and duration of response was 14.8 versus 8.1 months (p = 0.007), respectively. In subgroup analysis, the PFS for those patients with PD-L1≥1% (16.2 vs 6.8 months, p = 0.000) was significantly longer in the IC group than that in BC group, but not in the PD-L1<1% subgroup (8.9 vs12.7 months, p = 0.719). Conclusion: PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy was superior to bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced nsNSCLC, which is debatable for patients with PD-L1<1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100122, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Dingzhi Huang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300060, China
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Lee HP, Lee CC. Prognostic stratification of oropharyngeal cancer patients in a betel nut chewing and low HPV area. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 52:27. [PMID: 37081578 PMCID: PMC10116661 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-023-00632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to establish a simple predictive model for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in an area with a relatively low prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and frequent betel nut chewing. METHODS A total of 116 patients with OPC were recruited from the clinical research database of a referral cancer center between 2013 and 2018. Patient characteristics-including age, gender, tumor stage, differentiation, and treatment modality-were extracted from the database. Patients diagnosed after 2018 were staged using the 7th AJCC staging system to explore the impact of extra-nodal tumor extension (ENE) on survival. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for p16, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p53, and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). ENE status was evaluated by pathological analysis or radiological features. Primary outcome was disease-specific overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to establish a predictive model. RESULTS Mean age was 57.3 ± 9.9 years; 103 patients (88.8%) were male. P16 positive OPC was positively associated with higher PD-L1 and a tonsillar sub-site and negatively associated with betel nut chewing and cigarette smoking. In Cox regression, age, p16 status, EGFR, cT4, ENE, and cigarette smoking were significantly associated with OS. In survival tree analysis, cT stage was the most important risk stratification parameter, followed by EGFR expression and p16 status. Patients with cT4 stage or high EGFR were classified as the high-risk group and had poorest OS. CONCLUSIONS Due to the low prevalence of HPV and popularity of betel nut chewing in Asia, the relative importance of prognostic predictors for OPC are not identical to Western countries. Identification of significant prognostic biomarkers may improve treatment. Trial registration This study was registered and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (VGHKS19-CT9-07; date of approval: Aug 9, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Pao Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1St Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City, 81362, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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de Castro G, Kudaba I, Wu YL, Lopes G, Kowalski DM, Turna HZ, Caglevic C, Zhang L, Karaszewska B, Laktionov KK, Srimuninnimit V, Bondarenko I, Kubota K, Mukherjee R, Lin J, Souza F, Mok TS, Cho BC. Five-Year Outcomes With Pembrolizumab Versus Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Programmed Death Ligand-1 Tumor Proportion Score ≥ 1% in the KEYNOTE-042 Study. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1986-1991. [PMID: 36306479 PMCID: PMC10082298 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.We report 5-year results from the phase III KEYNOTE-042 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02220894). Eligible patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without EGFR/ALK alterations and with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 1% received pembrolizumab 200 mg once every 3 weeks for 35 cycles or chemotherapy (carboplatin + paclitaxel or pemetrexed) for 4-6 cycles with optional maintenance pemetrexed. Primary end points were overall survival (OS) in PD-L1 TPS ≥ 50%, ≥ 20%, and ≥ 1% groups. Patients who completed 35 cycles of pembrolizumab with ≥ stable disease could begin second-course pembrolizumab upon progression. One thousand two hundred seventy-four patients were randomly assigned (pembrolizumab, n = 637; chemotherapy, n = 637). Median follow-up time was 61.1 (range, 50.0-76.3) months. OS outcomes favored pembrolizumab (v chemotherapy) regardless of PD-L1 TPS (hazard ratio [95% CI] for TPS ≥ 50%, 0.68 [0.57 to 0.81]; TPS ≥ 20%, 0.75 [0.64 to 0.87]; TPS ≥ 1%, 0.79 [0.70 to 0.89]), with estimated 5-year OS rates with pembrolizumab of 21.9%, 19.4%, and 16.6%, respectively. No new toxicities were identified. Objective response rate was 84.3% among 102 patients who completed 35 cycles of pembrolizumab and 15.2% among 33 patients who received second-course pembrolizumab. First-line pembrolizumab monotherapy continued to show durable clinical benefit versus chemotherapy after 5 years of follow-up in PD-L1-positive, locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC without EGFR/ALK alterations and remains a standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iveta Kudaba
- Latvian Oncology Center, Riga East Clinical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provinicial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guandong, China
| | - Gilberto Lopes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami, FL
| | - Dariusz M. Kowalski
- Department of Lung Cancer and Chest Tumours, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hande Z. Turna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University‐Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christian Caglevic
- Cancer Research Department, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Li Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Konstantin K. Laktionov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor Bondarenko
- Oncology and Medical Radiology Department, Dnipro State Medical Academy, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Kaoru Kubota
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Tony S.K. Mok
- Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cai Z, Chen J, Yu Z, Li H, Liu Z, Deng D, Liu J, Chen C, Zhang C, Ou Z, Chen M, Hu J, Zu X. BCAT2 Shapes a Noninflamed Tumor Microenvironment and Induces Resistance to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy by Negatively Regulating Proinflammatory Chemokines and Anticancer Immunity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207155. [PMID: 36642843 PMCID: PMC10015882 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To improve response rate of monotherapy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), it is necessary to find an emerging target in combination therapy. Through analyzing tumor microenvironment (TME)-related indicators, it is validated that BCAT2 shapes a noninflamed TME in bladder cancer. The outcomes of multiomics indicate that BCAT2 has an inhibitory effect on cytotoxic lymphocyte recruitment by restraining activities of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine-related pathways and T-cell-chemotaxis pathway. Immunoassays reveal that secretion of CD8+ T-cell-related chemokines keeps a robust negative correlation with BCAT2, generating a decreasing tendency of CD8+ T cells around BCAT2+ tumor cells from far to near. Cotreatment of BCAT2 deficiency and anti-PD-1 antibody has a synergistic effect in vivo, implying the potential of BCAT2 in combination therapy. Moreover, the value of BCAT2 in predicting efficacy of immunotherapy is validated in multiple immunotherapy cohorts. Together, as a key molecule in TME, BCAT2 is an emerging target in combination with ICB and a biomarker of guiding precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cai
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- Research Center of Carcinogenesis and Targeted TherapyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Huihuang Li
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Dingshan Deng
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Chunliang Chen
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Ou
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of UrologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
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Song Y, Zhang B, Xin D, Kou X, Tan Z, Zhang S, Sun M, Zhou J, Fan M, Zhang M, Song Y, Li S, Yuan Y, Zhuang W, Zhang J, Zhang L, Jiang H, Gu K, Ye H, Ke Y, Li J, Wang Q, Zhu J, Huang J. First-line serplulimab or placebo plus chemotherapy in PD-L1-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial. Nat Med 2023; 29:473-482. [PMID: 36732627 PMCID: PMC9941045 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
First-line systemic therapeutic options for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. In this multicenter, double-blind phase 3 trial, a total of 551 patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic ESCC and PD-L1 combined positive score of ≥1 were randomized (2:1) to receive serplulimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody; 3 mg/kg) or placebo (on day 1), plus cisplatin (50 mg/m2) (on day 1) and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1,200 mg/m2) (on days 1 and 2), once every 2 weeks. The study met the primary endpoints. At the prespecified final analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by the blinded independent radiological review committee, serplulimab plus chemotherapy significantly improved PFS compared with placebo plus chemotherapy (median PFS of 5.8 months and 5.3 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.75; P < 0.0001). At the prespecified interim analysis of overall survival (OS), serplulimab plus chemotherapy also significantly prolonged OS compared with placebo plus chemotherapy (median OS of 15.3 months and 11.8 months, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.87; P = 0.0020). Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events occurred in 201 (53%) and 81 (48%) patients in the serplulimab plus chemotherapy group and the placebo plus chemotherapy group, respectively. Serplulimab plus chemotherapy administered every 2 weeks significantly improved PFS and OS in patients with previously untreated, PD-L1-positive advanced ESCC, with a manageable safety profile. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT03958890 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dao Xin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Kou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhenbo Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Xingtai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shandong First Medical University Cancer Hospital, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxiang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Suyi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wu Zhuang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huangyang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Ke
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Weber JS, Schadendorf D, Del Vecchio M, Larkin J, Atkinson V, Schenker M, Pigozzo J, Gogas H, Dalle S, Meyer N, Ascierto PA, Sandhu S, Eigentler T, Gutzmer R, Hassel JC, Robert C, Carlino MS, Di Giacomo AM, Butler MO, Muñoz-Couselo E, Brown MP, Rutkowski P, Haydon A, Grob JJ, Schachter J, Queirolo P, de la Cruz-Merino L, van der Westhuizen A, Menzies AM, Re S, Bas T, de Pril V, Braverman J, Tenney DJ, Tang H, Long GV. Adjuvant Therapy of Nivolumab Combined With Ipilimumab Versus Nivolumab Alone in Patients With Resected Stage IIIB-D or Stage IV Melanoma (CheckMate 915). J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:517-527. [PMID: 36162037 PMCID: PMC9870220 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ipilimumab and nivolumab have each shown treatment benefit for high-risk resected melanoma. The phase III CheckMate 915 trial evaluated adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab alone in patients with resected stage IIIB-D or IV melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, phase III trial, 1,833 patients received nivolumab 240 mg once every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg once every 6 weeks (916 patients) or nivolumab 480 mg once every 4 weeks (917 patients) for ≤ 1 year. After random assignment, patients were stratified by tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and stage. Dual primary end points were recurrence-free survival (RFS) in randomly assigned patients and in the tumor PD-L1 expression-level < 1% subgroup. RESULTS At a minimum follow-up of approximately 23.7 months, there was no significant difference between treatment groups for RFS in the all-randomly assigned patient population (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.09; P = .269) or in patients with PD-L1 expression < 1% (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.14). In all patients, 24-month RFS rates were 64.6% (combination) and 63.2% (nivolumab). Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported in 32.6% of patients in the combination group and 12.8% in the nivolumab group. Treatment-related deaths were reported in 0.4% of patients in the combination group and in no nivolumab-treated patients. CONCLUSION Nivolumab 240 mg once every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg once every 6 weeks did not improve RFS versus nivolumab 480 mg once every 4 weeks in patients with stage IIIB-D or stage IV melanoma. Nivolumab showed efficacy consistent with previous adjuvant studies in a population resembling current practice using American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition, reaffirming nivolumab as a standard of care for melanoma adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Weber
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Essen and the German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site, Essen, Germany
| | | | - James Larkin
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Atkinson
- Division of Cancer Services, Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation and Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Helen Gogas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Nicolas Meyer
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer and CHU, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Eigentler
- Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät Tübingen, Tübingen, and Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, and Mühlenkreiskliniken Minden, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Robert
- Gustave Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Matteo S. Carlino
- Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, University of Sydney, Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Marcus O. Butler
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael P. Brown
- Cancer Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrew Haydon
- The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Department of Dermatology, Aix-Marseille University, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Sheba Medical Center, IEO European Institute of Oncology, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Paola Queirolo
- IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Andre van der Westhuizen
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital and University of Newcastle. Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander M. Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Re
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Tuba Bas
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | | | | | | | - Hao Tang
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ
| | - Georgina V. Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Veccia A, Dipasquale M, Kinspergher S, Monteverdi S, Girlando S, Barbareschi M, Caffo O. Impact of KRAS Mutations on Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Therapy. Target Oncol 2023; 18:129-138. [PMID: 36482151 PMCID: PMC9928930 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS is the most frequently mutated gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however conflicting data are available on its role as a biomarker. OBJECTIVE The aim of our work was to investigate the impact of KRAS mutations on response and survival outcomes in advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified 119 patients, most of whom (58%) were KRAS wild type. For each patient we evaluated overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR). An exploratory analysis was performed among KRAS mutated patients to investigate the impact of specific KRAS mutations on response and survival outcomes. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 10.3 months, the median OS was 14.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.6-22.7) in wild-type KRAS patients versus 14.7 months (95% CI 8.0-19.5) in mutated KRAS patients (p = 0.529). No differences were detected between the two groups in terms of PFS and DCR. Patients with a KRAS G12C mutation reported survival and response outcomes that were not statistically different from those of patients with other KRAS mutations. CONCLUSION Our data confirmed that KRAS mutational status is not associated with survival and response outcomes in advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Veccia
- Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d’Oro 1, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Kinspergher
- Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d’Oro 1, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Sara Monteverdi
- Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d’Oro 1, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Orazio Caffo
- Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d’Oro 1, 38122 Trento, Italy
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Gutic B, Bozanovic T, Mandic A, Dugalic S, Todorovic J, Stanisavljevic D, Dugalic MG, Sengul D, Detanac DA, Sengul I, Detanac D, Soares JM. Programmed cell death-1 and its ligands: Current knowledge and possibilities in immunotherapy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100177. [PMID: 36931099 PMCID: PMC10025950 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed Cell Death-1 (PCD-1) is a key immune checkpoint receptor, which mainly expresses on activated T, B, Dendritic (DC), Natural Killer (NK), and Treg cells. On the surface of activated T-cells, PCD-1 expression is upregulated after the recognition of peripherals antigens by T cells; subsequently, the elevated binding of PD-1 to Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) and Programmed Death Ligand-2 (PD-L2) becomes a key step for downstream inhibitory signaling. Although the role of PD-L1 has been evaluated more thoroughly by clinical research, and PD-L1 has also been used more widely in the clinical setting, PD-L2 also plays an important role in the negative regulation of T-cells, one of the necessary conditions that lead to immune tolerance. Expression of PD-L1 either in tumors or in infiltrating immune cells has been verified predominantly by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a variety of tumors, suggesting a role for the PD-1/PD-L1 axis as a prognostic trait and therapeutic target across multiple histotypes. The complex interplay between these factors plays a major role in the diffusion and clinical application of PD-L1 IHC assays as predictive biomarkers of response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Checkpoint blockades are registered for the treatment of various cancers, including gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Gutic
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine University Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Bozanovic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aljosa Mandic
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine University Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Dugalic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Todorovic
- Institute for Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana Stanisavljevic
- Institute for Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslava Gojnic Dugalic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Demet Sengul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Dzenana A Detanac
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Ilker Sengul
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Dzemail Detanac
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - José Maria Soares
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Guan J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Yuan Z, Cheng J, Chen B. Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32333. [PMID: 36550903 PMCID: PMC9771317 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors has been widely used in the treatment of solid tumors and Hodgkin lymphoma, demonstrating powerful efficacy and good safety. However, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis to fully investigate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and abstracts of conference proceedings of annual meetings up to January 23, 2022, to identify eligible clinical trials. To evaluate the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, objective response rate (ORR), complete response rate (CRR), 1-year overall survival rate, and 1-year progression-free survival rate were analyzed. For safety analysis, we calculated rates of any grade and grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events. RESULTS Overall 22 studies and 1150 participants were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The pooled ORR, CRR, 1-year overall survival, and 1-year progression-free survival rates were 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.54), 0.21 (95% CI, 0.13-0.31), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58-0.89), and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.29-0.62), respectively. The ORR and CRR in the combination immunochemotherapy subgroup (0.65 and 0.41) were higher than those in the monotherapy (0.27 and 0.09) and combination chemotherapy (0.39 and 0.19) subgroups. This study was registered with PROSPERO (#CRD 42022316805). CONCLUSION Given that there were limited clinical trials and relatively few relevant studies, we conducted this meta-analysis to fully elucidate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NHL. Our results suggested that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors improved outcomes of responses as well as survival rates in NHL patients with tolerable adverse events. More well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to further confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Guan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongshu Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * Correspondence: Baoan Chen, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China (e-mail: )
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42
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Røssevold AH, Andresen NK, Bjerre CA, Gilje B, Jakobsen EH, Raj SX, Falk RS, Russnes HG, Jahr T, Mathiesen RR, Lømo J, Garred Ø, Chauhan SK, Lereim RR, Dunn C, Naume B, Kyte JA. Atezolizumab plus anthracycline-based chemotherapy in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: the randomized, double-blind phase 2b ALICE trial. Nat Med 2022; 28:2573-2583. [PMID: 36482103 PMCID: PMC9800277 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown efficacy against metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) but only for PD-L1positive disease. The randomized, placebo-controlled ALICE trial ( NCT03164993 , 24 May 2017) evaluated the addition of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) to immune-stimulating chemotherapy in mTNBC. Patients received pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and low-dose cyclophosphamide in combination with atezolizumab (atezo-chemo; n = 40) or placebo (placebo-chemo; n = 28). Primary endpoints were descriptive assessment of progression-free survival in the per-protocol population (>3 atezolizumab and >2 PLD doses; n = 59) and safety in the full analysis set (FAS; all patients starting therapy; n = 68). Adverse events leading to drug discontinuation occurred in 18% of patients in the atezo-chemo arm (7/40) and in 7% of patients in the placebo-chemo arm (2/28). Improvement in progression-free survival was indicated in the atezo-chemo arm in the per-protocol population (median 4.3 months versus 3.5 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33-0.99; log-rank P = 0.047) and in the FAS (HR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.33-0.95; P = 0.033). A numerical advantage was observed for both the PD-L1positive (n = 27; HR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.27-1.54) and PD-L1negative subgroups (n = 31; HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.27-1.21). The progression-free proportion after 15 months was 14.7% (5/34; 95% CI 6.4-30.1%) in the atezo-chemo arm versus 0% in the placebo-chemo arm. The addition of atezolizumab to PLD/cyclophosphamide was tolerable with an indication of clinical benefit, and the findings warrant further investigation of PD1/PD-L1 blockers in combination with immunomodulatory chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hagen Røssevold
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Kragøe Andresen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Sunil Xavier Raj
- Department of Oncology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Thea Jahr
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jon Lømo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Garred
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Dunn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Lin EPY, Hsu CY, Chiou JF, Berry L, Horn L, Bunn P, Yang JCH, Yang PC, Adjei AA, Shyr Y. Cox Proportional Hazard Ratios Overestimate Survival Benefit of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Cox-TEL Adjustment and Meta-Analyses of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Survival Benefit. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:1365-1374. [PMID: 36049656 PMCID: PMC9948805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in lung cancer is not fully understood. METHODS PubMed-cataloged publications through February 14, 2022, were queried for randomized controlled trials of ICI in lung cancer, and identified publications were reviewed for inclusion. Reported Cox hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival were transformed to Cox-TEL HR for ICI short-term survivors (ST-HR) and difference in proportions for patients with long-term survival (LT-DP). Meta-analyses were performed using a frequentist random-effect model. Outcomes of interest were pooled overall survival Cox HR, ST-HR, and LT-DP in NSCLC, stratified by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) level (primary outcome) and ICI treatment line (secondary). RESULTS A total of nine publications representing eight clinical trials were selected for meta-analysis. Primary analysis yielded the following metrics for patients with PD-L1 expression less than 1%, more than or equal to 1%, and more than or equal to 50%, respectively: pooled Cox HR, 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.82), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68-0.82), and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.54-0.70); pooled ST-HR, 0.91 (95% CI: 0.79-1.05), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82-0.94), and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.60-0.83); and pooled LT-DP, 0.10 (95% CI: 0.00-0.20), 0.09 (95% CI: 0.06-0.12), and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05-0.17). Results of secondary analysis revealed LT-DP of approximately 10% across treatment lines. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an approximately 10% long-term survival probability increment in ICI long-term survivors across PD-L1-positive subpopulations in both ICI treatment lines. Furthermore, ST-HR was consistently poorer than Cox HR. For patients with PD-L1 less than 1%, neither LT-DP nor ST-HR achieved statistical significance. The analysis provides greater insight into the treatment effect of ICI in published trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Pei-Ying Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lynne Berry
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leora Horn
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paul Bunn
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alex A Adjei
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Shyr
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Medusa PM, Gilli M, Notizia L, Pagliaro R, Carro N, Moriello A, D'Agnano V, Bianco A, Perrotta F, Vitiello F. Complete response to pembrolizumab as a single agent in a patient with stage III NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression: a case report. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022; 93. [PMID: 36426899 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 75-80% of all lung cancer cases. Stage III NSCLC represents a highly heterogenous stage characterized by different disease presentations and a wide range of treatment options. For patients with good performance status and unresectable-stage III NSCLC with programmed death-ligands 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥1%, durvalumab consolidation immunotherapy after a platinum-based chemo-radiotherapy is strongly recommended. However, age, poor performance status, underlying comorbidities may represent contraindications for chemotherapy to be used in a subgroup of patients. Herein, we report a case of an 80-year-old male affected by a stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma with overexpression of PD-L1 (TPS 90%) treated with pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways, which shows a complete resolution of lung lesion after four cycles of treatment. Although randomized controlled trials are required, this case report may suggest the potential role of pembrolizumab for chemotherapy unsuitable patients with overexpressing PD-L1 unresectable-stage III NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maria Medusa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Marina Gilli
- Unit of Pulmonary Oncology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Luca Notizia
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Raffaella Pagliaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Nicola Carro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Alessandro Moriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Vito D'Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"; U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
| | - Fabiana Vitiello
- Unit of Pulmonary Oncology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, A.O. Dei Colli, Naples.
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Ilie MD, Villa C, Cuny T, Cortet C, Assie G, Baussart B, Cancel M, Chanson P, Decoudier B, Deluche E, Di Stefano AL, Drui D, Gaillard S, Goichot B, Huillard O, Joncour A, Larrieu-Ciron D, Libe R, Nars G, Vasiljevic A, Raverot G. Real-life efficacy and predictors of response to immunotherapy in pituitary tumors: a cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:685-696. [PMID: 36111659 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE After temozolomide failure, no evidence-based treatment is available for pituitary carcinomas (PCs) and aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs). To date, only 12 cases treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been published, showing encouraging efficacy. Predictive factors of response are lacking. Here, we aimed to assess the real-life efficacy and predictors of response to ICIs in PCs and APTs. DESIGN AND METHODS This study is a multicentric, retrospective, observational cohort study, including all PCs and APTs treated with ICIs in France up to March 2022. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry and CD8+ T cell infiltration were evaluated centrally. RESULTS Six PCs (four corticotroph and two lactotroph) and nine APTs (five corticotroph and four lactotroph) were included. The real-life efficacy of ICIs was lower than previously published data. Three corticotroph tumors (33.3%) showed partial response, one (11.1%) stable disease, while five (55.6%) progressed. One lactotroph tumor (16.7%) showed partial response, one (16.7%) stable disease, while four (66.7%) progressed. PCs responded far better than APTs, with 4/6 PCs showing partial response compared to 0/9 APTs. Corticotroph tumors responded slightly better than lactotroph tumors. In the four responsive corticotroph tumors, PD-L1 staining was negative and CD8+ T cell infiltration attained a maximum of 1% in the tumor center. CONCLUSIONS Confirmation of the presence or absence of metastases is necessary before starting ICIs. After temozolomide failure, ICIs appear as a good therapeutic option for PCs, especially for corticotroph carcinomas. Negative PD-L1 staining and very low CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor center should not preclude ICI administration in corticotroph carcinomas. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first study to assess the real-life efficacy of ICIs in pituitary carcinomas (PCs) and aggressive pituitary tumors. We also assessed potential predictors of response and are the first to assess the predictive value of CD8+ cell infiltration. We identified the tumor type as a major predictor, ICIs proving far more effective in treating PCs. Our study provides evidence that ICIs are a good option after temozolomide failure for PCs (four of six responded), especially for corticotroph carcinomas (three of four responded). We also provide evidence that negative PD-L1 staining and very low CD8+ cell infiltration in the tumor center should not preclude ICI administration in corticotroph carcinomas. Moreover, our findings point toward the need to systematically perform extension workup before starting ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Diana Ilie
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology Department, 'C.I. Parhon' National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Chiara Villa
- Neuropathology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cuny
- Endocrinology Department, Conception University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
- Inserm U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Cortet
- Endocrinology Department, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Assie
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Endocrinology Department, Cochin University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Baussart
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Cancel
- Oncology Department, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction Disorders, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, 'Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes', Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Elise Deluche
- Oncology Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- Neurology Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France
- Neurosurgery Unit, Livorno Hospital, Livorno, Italy
| | - Delphine Drui
- Endocrinology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Stephan Gaillard
- Neurosurgery Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Goichot
- Internal Medicine Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huillard
- Medical Oncology Department, Cochin University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Cancer Institute CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Joncour
- Oncology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Rossella Libe
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Endocrinology Department, Cochin University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Nars
- Internal Medicine Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Vasiljevic
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Pathology Department
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Endocrinology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases HYPO, 'Groupement Hospitalier Est' Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Shen M, Chen C, Guo Q, Wang Q, Liao J, Wang L, Yu J, Xue M, Duan Y, Zhang J. Systemic Delivery of mPEG-Masked Trispecific T-Cell Nanoengagers in Synergy with STING Agonists Overcomes Immunotherapy Resistance in TNBC and Generates a Vaccination Effect. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203523. [PMID: 36089659 PMCID: PMC9661824 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
T-cell engagers (TCEs) represent a breakthrough in hematological malignancy treatment but are vulnerable to antigen escape and lack a vaccination effect. The "immunologically cold" solid tumor presents substantial challenges due to intratumor heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG)-masked CD44×PD-L1/CD3 trispecific T-cell nanoengager loaded with the STING agonist c-di-AMP (CDA) (PmTriTNE@CDA) for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is rationally designed. PmTriTNE@CDA shows tumor-specific accumulation and is preferentially unmasked in response to a weakly acidic TME to prevent on-target off-tumor toxicity. The unmasked CD44×PD-L1/CD3 trispecific T-cell nanoengager (TriTNE) targets dual tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) to redirect CD8+ T cells for heterogeneous TNBC lysis while achieving PD-L1 blockade. PmTriTNE synergized with CDA to transform the cold tumor into a hot tumor, eradicate the large established TNBC tumor, and induce protective immune memory in a 4T1 orthotopic tumor model without causing obvious toxicity. PmTriTNE@CDA shows potent efficacy in cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. This study serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration of a nanobased TCEs strategy to expand therapeutic combinations that previously could not be achieved due to systemic toxicity with the aim of overcoming TNBC heterogeneity and immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical TechnologiesShanghai200032China
| | - Chuanrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
- Department of OncologyYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu240001China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jinghan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Liting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji HospitalSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Jian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Man Xue
- Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical TechnologiesShanghai200032China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer InstituteRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200032China
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Choueiri TK, Kluger H, George S, Tykodi SS, Kuzel TM, Perets R, Nair S, Procopio G, Carducci MA, Castonguay V, Folefac E, Lee CH, Hotte SJ, Miller WH, Saggi SS, Lee CW, Desilva H, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Motzer RJ, Escudier B. FRACTION-RCC: nivolumab plus ipilimumab for advanced renal cell carcinoma after progression on immuno-oncology therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005780. [PMID: 36328377 PMCID: PMC9639138 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role and sequencing of combination immuno-oncology (IO) therapy following progression on or after first-line IO therapy has not been well-established. The Fast Real-time Assessment of Combination Therapies in Immuno-ONcology (FRACTION) program is an open-label, phase 2 platform trial designed to evaluate multiple IO combinations in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) who progressed during or after prior IO therapy. Here, we describe the results for patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. For enrollment in track 2 (reported here), patients with histologically confirmed clear cell aRCC, Karnofsky performance status ≥70%, and life expectancy ≥3 months who had previously progressed after IO (anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4)) therapy were eligible. Previous treatment with anti-CTLA-4 therapy plus anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy precluded eligibility for enrollment in the nivolumab plus ipilimumab arm. Patients were treated with nivolumab 3 mg/kg plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four doses, followed by nivolumab 480 mg every 4 weeks for up to 2 years or until progression, toxicity, or protocol-specified discontinuation. The primary outcome measures were objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were safety and tolerability up to 2 years. Overall survival (OS) was a tertiary/exploratory endpoint. Overall, 46 patients were included with a median follow-up of 33.8 months. The ORR was 17.4% (95% CI, 7.8 to 31.4) with eight (17.4%) patients achieving partial response. Stable disease was achieved in 19 (41.3%) patients, while 14 (30.4%) had progressive disease. Median DOR (range) was 16.4 (2.1+ to 27.0+) months. The PFS rate at 24 weeks was 43.2%, and median OS was 23.8 (95% CI, 13.2 to not reached) months. Grade 3-4 immune-mediated adverse events were reported in seven (15.2%) patients. No treatment-related deaths were reported. Patients with aRCC treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab may derive durable clinical benefit after progression on previous IO therapies, including heavily pretreated patients, with a manageable safety profile that was consistent with previously published safety outcomes. These outcomes contribute to the knowledge of optimal sequencing of IO therapies for patients with aRCC with high unmet needs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02996110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni K Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yale University Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Saby George
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Scott S Tykodi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Timothy M Kuzel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ruth Perets
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Suresh Nair
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael A Carducci
- Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent Castonguay
- Department of Medicine, CHU de Quebec-Universite Laval, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edmund Folefac
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sebastien J Hotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shruti Shally Saggi
- Department of Global Regulatory Science, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chung-Wei Lee
- Department of Clinical Trials, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Heshani Desilva
- Department of Global Drug Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Robert J Motzer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Wakamiya T, Kubo T, Yamashita S, Kohjimoto Y, Torigoe T, Hara I. [Usefulness of Immunostaining Scoring for Predicting Response to Single-Agent Nivolumab in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2022; 68:311-315. [PMID: 36329378 DOI: 10.14989/actauroljap_68_10_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although several biomarkers have been identified to predict prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), there are no evidence-based biomarkers to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, we focused on lymphocytes and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment and investigated whether immunostaining scoring could predict the best overall response. We evaluated 32 patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) who were treated with nivolumab monotherapy between August 2016 and July 2020. We performed immunostaining for CD8 T cells, TIA-1, PD-L1, and HLA class 1 in RCC tissues and assigned a score with a maximum of 4 points each, which we defined as histological score. The best overall response of nivolumab was observed in 4 patients (12.5%) with complete response (CR), 10 patients (31.3%) with partial response (PR), 5 patients (15.6%) with stable disease (SD), and 13 patients (40.6%) with progressive disease (PD). There was no significant difference in patient background between the CR+PR+SD group (19 patients) and the PD group (13 patients), but CD8 T cells were significantly higher and TIA-1 positive cells tended to be higher in the CR+PR+SD group (CD8 T cell : p=0.03, TIA-1 : p=0.07, PD-L1 : p=0.67, HLA class 1 : p=1.00). In univariate analysis, histological score ≥3 tended to contribute to the best overall response of nivolumab (p=0.05). There was no significant difference in overall survival or cancer-specific survival after nivolumab administration between the two groups of patients with histological score ≥3 and those with histological score <3. In conclusion, immunostaining scoring based on CD8 T cells may be able to predict the efficacy of single-agent nivolumab in patients with mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- The Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- The Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Isao Hara
- The Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University
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Fernández-Ruiz M. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35 Suppl 3:67-73. [PMID: 36285862 PMCID: PMC9717448 DOI: 10.37201/req/s03.15.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis has transformed the treatment paradigm for multiple cancer types. ICIs are able to restore T-cell-mediated antitumor responses and do not entail an increased risk of infection per se. However, immunotherapy is associated to a unique form of toxicity due to the off-target effects on healthy tissues of the excessively enhanced immune response in form of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although ICI-induced pneumonitis ranks the fifth of all irAEs in terms of frequency of occurrence, it is associated with a relevant attributable mortality. This review summarizes the incidence, risk factors, clinical and radiological presentation, and therapeutic approach of ICI-induced pneumonitis. Particular focus is on the differential diagnosis of new or worsening pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients receiving ICI therapy. Finally, the impact on the risk of opportunistic infection of ICIs and immunosuppressive therapy used to treat associated irAEs is reviewed. The diagnosis and management of suspected ICI-induced pneumonitis remains clinically challenging Current management of CMV infection in cancer patients (solid tumors). Epidemiology and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Ruiz
- Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Unit of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre". Centro de Actividades Ambulatorias, 2ª planta, bloque D. Avda. de Córdoba, s/n. Postal code 28041. Madrid, Spain.
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Walker K, Waters LC, Kelly G, Muskett FW, Carr MD. Sequence-specific 1H, 13C and 15N backbone NMR assignments for the N-terminal IgV-like domain (D1) and full extracellular region (D1D2) of PD-L1. Biomol NMR Assign 2022; 16:281-288. [PMID: 35675028 PMCID: PMC9510113 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The co-inhibitory immune checkpoint interaction between programmed cell death-protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) serves to regulate T-cell activation, promoting self-tolerance. Over-expression of PD-L1 is a mechanism through which tumour cells can evade detection by the immune system. Several therapeutic antibodies targeting PD-L1 or PD-1 have been approved for the treatment of a variety of cancers, however, the discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors of PD-L1 remains a challenge. Here we report comprehensive sequence-specific backbone resonance assignments (1H, 13C, and 15N) obtained for the N-terminal IgV-like domain of PD-L1 (D1) and the full two domain extracellular region (D1D2). These NMR assignments will serve as a useful tool in the discovery of small-molecule therapeutics targeting PD-L1 and in the characterisation of functional interactions with other protein partners, such as CD80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Walker
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Leicester, UK.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK.
| | - Lorna C Waters
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Leicester, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Frederick W Muskett
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Leicester, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Mark D Carr
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Leicester, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK
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