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Chardon F, De Marco F, Marmagne A, Le Hir R, Vilaine F, Bellini C, Dinant S. Natural variation in the long-distance transport of nutrients and photoassimilates in response to N availability. J Plant Physiol 2022; 273:153707. [PMID: 35550522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phloem and xylem tissues are necessary for the allocation of nutrients and photoassimilates. However, how the long-distance transport of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is coordinated with the central metabolism is largely unknown. To better understand how the genetic and environmental factors influence C and N transport, we analysed the metabolite profiles of phloem exudates and xylem saps of five Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown in low or non-limiting N supply. We observed that xylem saps were composed of 46 or 56% carbohydrates, 27 or 45% amino acids, and 5 or 13% organic acids in low or non-limiting N supply, respectively. In contrast, phloem exudates were composed of 76 or 86% carbohydrates, 7 or 18% amino acids, and 5 or 6% organic acids. Variation in N supply impacted amino acid, organic acid and sugar contents. When comparing low N and non-limiting N, the most striking differences were variations of glutamine, aspartate, and succinate abundance in the xylem saps and citrate and fumarate abundance in phloem exudates. In addition, we observed a substantial variation of metabolite content between genotypes, particularly under high N. The content of several organic acids, such as malate, citrate, fumarate, and succinate was affected by the genotype alone or by the interaction between genotype and N supply. This study confirmed that the response of the transport of nutrients in the phloem and the xylem to N availability is associated with the regulation of the central metabolism and could be an adaptive trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Chardon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Federica De Marco
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France; Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France.
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Marak S, Shumilina E, Kaushik N, Falch E, Dikiy A. Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Nutritional Value of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces as Revealed by NMR Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061675. [PMID: 33802805 PMCID: PMC8002443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red mature calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were collected from 16 different locations in Meghalaya, India. Samples were processed using shade drying (SD) and tray drying (TD). NMR spectroscopy was used to assess the metabolic composition of the calyces. In this study, 18 polar metabolites were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and 10 of them were quantified. Proximate analysis showed that the TD method is more efficient at reducing moisture and maintaining the ash content of the Hibiscus biomass. NMR metabolomics indicates that the metabolite composition significantly differs between SD and TD samples and is more stable in TD plant processing. The differences in post-harvest drying has a greater impact on the metabolite composition of Hibiscus than the plant location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengnolotha Marak
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Elena Shumilina
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (E.F.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +91-9811392249 (N.K.)
| | - Nutan Kaushik
- Amity Food and Agriculture Foundation, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
- Correspondence: (E.S.); or (N.K.); Tel.: +91-9811392249 (N.K.)
| | - Eva Falch
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (E.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexander Dikiy
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (E.F.); (A.D.)
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Bai H, Khodjaniyazova S, Garrard KP, Muddiman DC. Three-Dimensional Imaging with Infrared Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:292-297. [PMID: 32031410 PMCID: PMC8284694 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging as a field has pushed its frontiers to three dimensions. Most three-dimensional mass spectrometry imaging (3D MSI) approaches require serial sectioning that results in a loss of biological information between analyzed slices and difficulty in reconstruction of 3D images. In this contribution, infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) was demonstrated to be applicable for 3D MSI that does not require sectioning because IR laser ablates material on a micrometer scale. A commercially available over-the-counter pharmaceutical was used as a model to demonstrate the feasibility of IR-MALDESI for 3D MSI. Depth resolution (i.e., z-resolution) as a function of laser energy levels and density of ablated material was investigated. The best achievable depth resolution from a pill was 2.3 μm at 0.3 mJ/pulse. 2D and 3D MSI were performed on the tablet to show the distribution of pill-specific molecules. A 3D MSI analysis on a region of interest of 15 × 15 voxels across 50 layers was performed. Our results demonstrate that IR-MALDESI is feasible with 3D MSI on a pill, and future work will be focused on analyses of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Bai
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Kenneth P. Garrard
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry
- Precision Engineering Consortium
| | - David C. Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry
- Molecular Education, Technology, and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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Tokumura M, Seo M, Wang Q, Miyake Y, Amagai T, Makino M. Dermal exposure to plasticizers in nail polishes: An alternative major exposure pathway of phosphorus-based compounds. Chemosphere 2019; 226:316-320. [PMID: 30939370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-based compounds are used as plasticizers in the manufacture of many products found in the indoor environment. Here we quantitatively investigated dermal exposure to phosphorus-based compounds contained in 45 nail polishes purchased in Japan. The alternative plasticizer triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) was detected in some samples of the nail polishes made in the USA (concentration, 1.1-1.8 wt%). The potential dermal exposure rates for TPhP, estimated using ConsExpo (version 5.0; Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), were in the range 200 (5%ile)-1700 (50%ile)-5000 (95%ile) ng kg-bw-1 day-1, which is more than 1400 times the reported values for exposure via dust ingestion and inhalation. Thus, dermal exposure via nail polish may be a major route of exposure to TPhP. The margin of exposure range for TPhP was 3.6 × 105-4.1 × 104-1.4 × 104. For comparison, the potential dermal exposure rate range for the conventional plasticizer dibutyl phthalate and the alternative plasticizer acetyl tributyl citrate was 360-3500-14,000 and 430-4100-17,000 ng kg-bw-1 day-1, respectively, and the margin of exposure range was 4.1 × 103-4.2 × 102-1.1 × 102 and 2.3 × 105-2.4 × 104-5.9 × 103, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tokumura
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Makiko Seo
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyake
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Takashi Amagai
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masakazu Makino
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Seethapathy GS, Tadesse M, Urumarudappa SKJ, V Gunaga S, Vasudeva R, Malterud KE, Shaanker RU, de Boer HJ, Ravikanth G, Wangensteen H. Authentication of Garcinia fruits and food supplements using DNA barcoding and NMR spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 30002410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) fruits are a rich source of (-)-hydroxycitric acid, and this has gained considerable attention as an anti-obesity agent and a popular weight loss food supplement. In this study, we assessed adulteration of morphologically similar samples of Garcinia using DNA barcoding, and used NMR to quantify the content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in raw herbal drugs and Garcinia food supplements. DNA barcoding revealed that mostly G. gummi-gutta (previously known as G. cambogia) and G. indica were traded in Indian herbal markets, and there was no adulteration. The content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid and (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone in the two species varied from 1.7% to 16.3%, and 3.5% to 20.7% respectively. Analysis of ten Garcinia food supplements revealed a large variation in the content of (-)-hydroxycitric acid, from 29 mg (4.6%) to 289 mg (50.6%) content per capsule or tablet. Only one product contained quantifiable amounts of (-)-hydroxycitric acid lactone. Furthermore the study demonstrates that DNA barcoding and NMR could be effectively used as a regulatory tool to authenticate Garcinia fruit rinds and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Saroja Seethapathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margey Tadesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Santhosh Kumar J Urumarudappa
- Department of Crop Physiology, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Srikanth V Gunaga
- Department of Forest Biology, College of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, 581401, India
| | - Ramesh Vasudeva
- Department of Forest Biology, College of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, 581401, India
| | - Karl Egil Malterud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India
- Department of Crop Physiology, School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gudasalamani Ravikanth
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore, 560064, India.
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Auvinen H, Sepúlveda VV, Rousseau DPL, Du Laing G. Substrate- and plant-mediated removal of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles in constructed wetlands. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:21920-21926. [PMID: 27535153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing production and commercial application of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), such as Ag, CeO2, and TiO2 nanoparticles, induce a risk to the environment as ENPs are released during their use. The comprehensive assessment of the environmental risk that the ENPs pose involves understanding their fate and behavior in wastewater treatment systems. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of plants and different substrates on the retention and distribution of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in batch experimental setups simulating constructed wetlands (CWs). Sand, zeolite, and biofilm-coated gravel induce efficient removal (85, 55, and 67 %, respectively) of Ag from the water phase indicating that citrate-coated Ag-NPs are efficiently retained in CWs. Plants are a minor factor in retaining Ag as a large fraction of the recovered Ag remains in the water phase (0.42-0.58). Most Ag associated with the plant tissues is attached to or taken up by the roots, and only negligible amounts (maximum 3 %) of Ag are translocated to the leaves under the applied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannele Auvinen
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Industrial Water and Ecotechnology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Viviana Vásquez Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diederik P L Rousseau
- Laboratory of Industrial Water and Ecotechnology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Parthasarathy U, Nandakishore OP, Rosana OB, Babu KN, Kumar RS, Parthasarathy VA. Identification of molecular markers to study the Garcinia spp. diversity. Indian J Exp Biol 2016; 54:400-405. [PMID: 27468467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Garcinia shows a considerable variation in its morphological characters such as leaf, flower and fruit with taxonomic ambiguity. It is a potential under-exploited multipurpose crop that gained considerable attention for the presence of (-) hydroxycitric acid, an anti-obesity compound, in its fruit rind and leaves. Here, we evaluated the genetic relationship through molecular markers among the selected 9 species commonly available in the Western Ghats and the Northeastern Himalayan foot hills of India. The nucleotide sequence data obtained from two prominent monomorphic bands generated in ISSR profiling of the species was utilized for the study. The selected bands were found to be of ITS region (700 bp) and partial region of KNOX-1 gene (600 bp). The evolutionary cluster was formed using MEGA5 software. The study indicated 2 major clusters, influenced by floral morphology of the species and availability of (-) hydroxycitric acid in their fruit rinds. In the subclusters, one species from the Western Ghats were paired with another from Northeastern Himalayas with relatively similar morphological traits.
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9
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Castro N, Osorio CR, Buján N, Fuentes JC, Rodríguez J, Romero M, Jiménez C, Toranzo AE, Magariños B. Insights into the virulence-related genes of Edwardsiella tarda isolated from turbot in Europe: genetic homogeneity and evidence for vibrioferrin production. J Fish Dis 2016; 39:565-576. [PMID: 26096159 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda has long been known as a pathogen that causes severe economic losses in aquaculture industry. Insights gained on E. tarda pathogenesis may prove useful in the development of new methods for the treatment of infections as well as preventive measures against future outbreaks. In this report, we have established the correlation between the presence of virulence genes, related with three aspects typically involved in bacterial pathogenesis (chondroitinase activity, quorum sensing and siderophore-mediated ferric uptake systems), in the genome of E. tarda strains isolated from turbot in Europe and their phenotypic traits. A total of 8 genes were tested by PCR for their presence in 73 E. tarda isolates. High homogeneity was observed in the presence/absence pattern of all the strains. Positive results in the amplification of virulence-related genes were correlated with the detection of chondroitinase activity in agar plates, in vivo AHL production during fish infection and determination of type of siderophore produced by E. tarda. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out with European strains on potential virulence factors. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that E. tarda produces the siderophore vibrioferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C R Osorio
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Buján
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J C Fuentes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A E Toranzo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - B Magariños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Taggart MP, Tarn MD, Esfahani MMN, Schofield DM, Brown NJ, Archibald SJ, Deakin T, Pamme N, Thompson LF. Development of radiodetection systems towards miniaturised quality control of PET and SPECT radiopharmaceuticals. Lab Chip 2016; 16:1605-1616. [PMID: 27044712 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect radiation in microfluidic devices is important for the on-chip analysis of radiopharmaceuticals, but previously reported systems have largely suffered from various limitations including cost, complexity of fabrication, and insufficient sensitivity and/or speed. Here, we present the use of sensitive, low cost, small-sized, commercially available silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for the detection of radioactivity inside microfluidic channels fabricated from a range of conventional microfluidic chip substrates. We demonstrate the effects of chip material and thickness on the detection of the positron-emitting isotope, [(18)F]fluoride, and find that, while the SiPMs are light sensors, they are able to detect radiation even through opaque chip materials via direct positron and gamma (γ) ray interaction. Finally, we employed the SiPM platform for analysis of the PET (positron emission tomography) radiotracers 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) and [(68)Ga]gallium-citrate, and highlight the ability to detect the γ ray emitting SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) radiotracer, [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Taggart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Mark D Tarn
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | | | - Daniel M Schofield
- LabLogic Systems Ltd., Paradigm House, 3 Melbourne Avenue, Broomhill, Sheffield, S10 2QJ, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Brown
- School of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Tom Deakin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK. and LabLogic Systems Ltd., Paradigm House, 3 Melbourne Avenue, Broomhill, Sheffield, S10 2QJ, UK
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Lee F Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
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Tahir MS, Mahmood R, Shamsi WR. Estimation of sulfolax and antimicrobial preservatives in laxative drops. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:2101-2107. [PMID: 26639504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast, precise, economic, selective and accurate HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl parabensodium in laxative drops has been developed and subsequently validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved using gradient elution with mix phosphate buffer pH 7.0 and acetonitrile. The column used was purospherstar C18, 5 μm, 25 cm × 4.6mm kept at 25°C with 1 ml/min flow rate using detection (PDA) at 263 nm. The retention times of sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl paraben sodium were found to be 4.6, 7.4 and 11.4 minutes respectively. The proposed method was found to be linear over a concentration range of 8-12 μg/ml for sorbic acid, 60-90 μg/ml for sodium picosulphate and 16-24 μg/ml formethyl paraben sodium respectively. The recovery was found to be 99.13-101.68% for sorbic acid, 99.81-100.21% for sodium picosulphate and 99.84-100.09% for methyl paraben sodium respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) for sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl parabensodium were found to be 0.032 μg/ml, 0.337 μg/ml and 0.131 μg/ml respectively and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for sorbicacid, sodium picosulphate and methyl parabensodium were found to be 0.097 μg/ml, 1.023 μg/ml and 0.399 μg/ml respectively. The method was validated with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness according to guidelines of ICH.
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Jefferson WA, Hu C, Liu H, Qu J. Reaction of aqueous Cu-Citrate with MnO2 birnessite: characterization of Mn dissolution, oxidation products and surface interactions. Chemosphere 2015; 119:1-7. [PMID: 25460741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid, a widespread soil rhizosphere plant/microbe carboxylic acid exudate can easily form chelates with heavy metals, increasing their availability in the environment. When Cu(II) from algal control in water bodies or reservoirs and fungicides, such as the Bordeaux mixture, and citrate interact, solubilization through chelation is a possible outcome. Manganese (hydr)oxides represent a significant portion of the subsurface environment and can affect the fate and transport of chemical species through adsorption and oxidation. This study explores the possible interaction between MnO2 and Cu-Citrate under ambient oxic conditions. The calculated Mn(II) dissolution rates during the initial 1h of reaction followed the series Cu(II)>Cu-Citrate 1:0.5>Cu-Citrate 1:1(oxic)>Citrate>Cu-Citrate 1:1(Anoxic), reinforcing the central role of (complexed or un-complexed) Cu(II) during the initial surface-coordination instead of following the s-shaped auto-catalytic curves of Mn(II) dissolution in citrate solution. The use of capillary electrophoresis allowed the detection of an intermediate Cu(II)Acetonedicarboxylate complex and the oxidation products acetonedicarboxylate, acetoacetate, acetone and acetic acid. The mass balance analysis of Cu-Citrate 1:1 suggests the partial adsorption of Cu-Citrate(ads) and catalytic degradation of acetonedicarboxylate through a MnO2-Cu surface sorbed complex. Lastly, XPS analysis confirmed the MnO2 surface Cu(II) reduction along with an outer-hydration layer at the MnO2 interface, where electron transfer and aquo ligand exchange may lead to the oxidation of Cu-Citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Jefferson
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Arteaga de Castro CS, Boer VO, Luttje MP, van der Velden TA, Bhogal A, van Vulpen M, Luijten PR, van der Heide UA, Klomp DWJ. Temporal B0 field variation effects on MRSI of the human prostate at 7 T and feasibility of correction using an internal field probe. NMR Biomed 2014; 27:1353-1360. [PMID: 25212868 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectral degradations as a result of temporal field variations are observed in MRSI of the human prostate. Moving organs generate substantial temporal and spatial field fluctuations as a result of susceptibility mismatch with the surrounding tissue (i.e. periodic breathing, cardiac motion or random bowel motion). Nine patients with prostate cancer were scanned with an endorectal coil (ERC) on a 7-T MR scanner. Temporal B0 field variations were observed with fast dynamic B0 mapping in these patients. Simulations of dynamic B0 corrections were performed using zero- to second-order shim terms. In addition, the temporal B0 variations were applied to simulated MR spectra causing, on average, 15% underestimation of the choline/citrate ratio. Linewidth distortions and frequency shifts (up to 30 and 8 Hz, respectively) were observed. To demonstrate the concept of observing local field fluctuations in real time during MRSI data acquisition, a field probe (FP) tuned and matched for the (19) F frequency was incorporated into the housing of the ERC. The data acquired with the FP were compared with the B0 field map data and used to correct the MRSI datasets retrospectively. The dynamic B0 mapping data showed variations of up to 30 Hz (0.1 ppm) over 72 s at 7 T. The simulated zero-order corrections, calculated as the root mean square, reduced the standard deviation (SD) of the dynamic variations by an average of 41%. When using second-order corrections, the reduction in the SD was, on average, 56%. The FP data showed the same variation range as the dynamic B0 data and the variation patterns corresponded. After retrospective correction, the MRSI data showed artifact reduction and improved spectral resolution. B0 variations can degrade the MRSI substantially. The simple incorporation of an FP into an ERC can improve prostate cancer MRSI without prior knowledge of the origin of the dynamic field distortions.
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Paquet-Mercier F, Aznaveh NB, Safdar M, Greener J. A microfluidic bioreactor with in situ SERS imaging for the study of controlled flow patterns of biofilm precursor materials. Sensors (Basel) 2013; 13:14714-27. [PMID: 24172286 PMCID: PMC3871105 DOI: 10.3390/s131114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic bioreactor with an easy to fabricate nano-plasmonic surface is demonstrated for studies of biofilms and their precursor materials via Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The system uses a novel design to induce sheath flow confinement of a sodium citrate biofilm precursor stream against the SERS imaging surface to measure spatial variations in the concentration profile. The unoptimised SERS enhancement was approximately 2.5 × 104, thereby improving data acquisition time, reducing laser power requirements and enabling a citrate detection limit of 0.1 mM, which was well below the concentrations used in biofilm nutrient solutions. The flow confinement was observed by both optical microscopy and SERS imaging with good complementarity. We demonstrate the new bioreactor by growing flow-templated biofilms on the microchannel wall. This work opens the way for in situ spectral imaging of biofilms and their biochemical environment under dynamic flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Paquet-Mercier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Dasu K, Lee LS, Turco RF, Nies LF. Aerobic biodegradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer stearate monoester and 8:2 fluorotelomer citrate triester in forest soil. Chemosphere 2013; 91:399-405. [PMID: 23290940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic biodegradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer stearate (FTS) and 8:2 fluorotelomer citrate triester (TBC) was evaluated in a forest soil in closed bottle microcosms. Loss of parent, production of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH), which is released along with stearic acid (SA) by microbial ester linkage, and subsequent metabolites from FTOH degradation were monitored for up to 7months. Soil microcosms were extracted with ethyl acetate followed by two heated 90/10 v/v acetonitrile/200mM NaOH extractions. Cleavage of the ester linkage in the 8:2 FTS occurred (t1/2∼28d), producing 8:2 FTOH and various levels of subsequent metabolites. Quantifying the generation of SA from ester cleavage in FTS was complicated by the natural production and degradation of SA in soil, which was probed in an additional FTS and SA study with the same soil that had been stored at 4°C for 12months. In the latter study, FTS degraded faster (t1/2∼5d) such that SA production well above soil background levels was clearly observed along with rapid subsequent SA degradation. Cold storage was hypothesized to enrich fungal enzymes, which are known to be effective at hydrolytic cleavage. 8:2 TBC biotransformation was slow, but evident with the production of PFOA well above levels expected from known FTOH residuals. Slower degradation of TBC compared to FTS is likely due to steric hindrances arising from the close proximity of three 8:2 FT chains on the citrate backbone limiting the enzyme access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Dasu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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Chu KH, Lin YT, Hsu CC, Chen CY, Pan LK. Evaluation of effective dose for a patient under Ga-67 nuclear examination using TLD, water phantom and a simplified model. J Radiat Res 2012; 53:989-98. [PMID: 22915780 PMCID: PMC3483851 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effective dose of Ga-67 for a patient undergoing Ga-67 citrate nuclear examination by applying thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) technique and an indigenous water phantom. The Ga-67 radionuclide remaining in the body inevitably generated a measurable internal dose even though gamma camera scanning took only minutes to complete the clinical examination. For effective simulation of the cumulated effective dose for a patient undergoing examination, 150 TLDs were placed inside the water phantom for 6 days to monitor the gamma ray dose from the distributed Ga-67 citrate solution. The inserted TLDs represented internal organs, and the effective dose was calculated according to data in the ICRP-60 report. The water phantom was designed to model the body of a healthy human weighing 70 kg, and the water that was mixed with Ga-67 citrate solution was slowly replaced with fresh feed water to yield the required biological half life of the phantom. After continuously feeding in fresh water throughout the 6 days of TLD exposure, the TLDs were analyzed to determine the effective doses from the various biological half lives of the phantom. The derived effective dose of 185 MBq Ga-67 citrate solution for male/female (M/F) was 10.7/12.2, 10.7/12.0, 8.7/9.9 and 6.0/6.8 mSv, of biological half lives of 6.0, 4.5, 3.0 and 1.5 days, respectively. Although these experimental results correlated well with earlier empirical studies, they were lower than most calculated values. The cumulated uncertainty in the effective dose was 12.5-19.4%, which was acceptable in terms of both TLD counting statistic and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Hua Chu
- Graduate Institute of Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Takun, Taichung 40609, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Takun, Taichung 40609, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan
| | - Chia Chun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Takun, Taichung 40609, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung County 427, Taiwan
| | - Chien Yi Chen
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Lung Kwang Pan
- Graduate Institute of Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Takun, Taichung 40609, Taiwan
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Eisner BH, Asplin JR, Goldfarb DS, Ahmad A, Stoller ML. Citrate, malate and alkali content in commonly consumed diet sodas: implications for nephrolithiasis treatment. J Urol 2010; 183:2419-23. [PMID: 20403610 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Citrate is a known inhibitor of calcium stone formation. Dietary citrate and alkali intake may have an effect on citraturia. Increasing alkali intake also increases urine pH, which can help prevent uric acid stones. We determined citrate, malate and total alkali concentrations in commonly consumed diet sodas to help direct dietary recommendations in patients with hypocitraturic calcium or uric acid nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Citrate and malate were measured in a lemonade beverage commonly used to treat hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis and in 15 diet sodas. Anions were measured by ion chromatography. The pH of each beverage was measured to allow calculation of the unprotonated anion concentration using the known pK of citric and malic acid. Total alkali equivalents were calculated for each beverage. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS Several sodas contained an amount of citrate equal to or greater than that of alkali and total alkali as a lemonade beverage commonly used to treat hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis (6.30 mEq/l citrate as alkali and 6.30 as total alkali). These sodas were Diet Sunkist Orange, Diet 7Up, Sprite Zero, Diet Canada Dry Ginger Ale, Sierra Mist Free, Diet Orange Crush, Fresca and Diet Mountain Dew. Colas, including Caffeine Free Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Caffeine Free Diet Pepsi and Diet Coke with Lime, had the lowest total alkali (less than 1.0 mEq/l). There was no significant correlation between beverage pH and total alkali content. CONCLUSIONS Several commonly consumed diet sodas contain moderate amounts of citrate as alkali and total alkali. This information is helpful for dietary recommendations in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis, specifically those with hypocitraturia. It may also be useful in patients with low urine pH and uric acid stones. Beverage malate content is also important since malate ingestion increases the total alkali delivered, which in turn augments citraturia and increases urine pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Eisner
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Nischwitz V, Michalke B. Electrospray ionisation with selected reaction monitoring for the determination of Mn-citrate, Fe-citrate, Cu-citrate and Zn-citrate. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2009; 23:2338-2346. [PMID: 19575402 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Citrate complexes of Mn and Fe, and potentially those of Cu and Zn, are considered as important low molecular mass species in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For example, Mn is supposed to enter the brain under excess exposure as Mn-citrate leading to neurotoxic effects. Mn-citrate has been characterised in human CSF using chromatography and electrophoresis online with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, but not yet with molecular mass spectrometry. Therefore, this study explores the potential of electrospray ionisation (ESI) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) for the detection of metal-citrate complexes, in particular Mn-citrate. The collision-induced dissociation of precursor ions with various metal:citrate stoichiometries was studied for Mn-citrate, Fe-citrate, Cu-citrate and Zn-citrate. High selectivity was achieved for Mn(II)-citrate even in respect to Fe(III)-citrate which forms isobaric precursor ions. The limit of detection for Mn-citrate was estimated to be around 250 microg L(-1) (referring to the total Mn content in the standard) using flow injection. The sensitivity was sufficient for the determination of Mn-citrate in standard solutions and in an extract of an Mn-citrate-containing supplement. An improved ESI source design is expected to reduce the limits of detection significantly. The developed ESI-SRM method has the potential to provide complementary data for the quality control of current separation methods for metal citrates using element-selective detection, with application to biomedical samples and further matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Nischwitz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Abstract
In man, the seminal vesicles, together with the ampuls, constitutes the main source of seminal fructose. The human prostate produce citric acids, acid phosphatase and other enzymes. The exceeding high content of prostaglandins probably derives from the seminal vesicles. A combined analysis of fructose and citric acid in the ejaculate is desirable to state morphologic alterations or functional disturbances of the accessory glands. The well-known split ejaculate method enables to decide whether the ejaculatory process is normal, slight or heavily disturbed. Variations in the morphology and secretory function of the accessory glands in different mammalian species are pointed out. The influence of testosterone on the secretory function of the accessory glands is described and discussed in detail.
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24
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Gál EM. Effect of fluoro compounds on metabolic control in brain mitochondria. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 2:77-93. [PMID: 5212160 DOI: 10.1002/9780470719855.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Buffa P, Guarriera-Bobyleva V, Pasquali-Ronchetti I. Biochemical effects of fluoroacetate poisoning in rat liver. Ciba Found Symp 2008; 2:303-30. [PMID: 5212155 DOI: 10.1002/9780470719855.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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26
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Zhang Y, Yang YL, Hasegawa Y, Yamaguchi S, Shi CY, Song JQ, Sayami S, Liu P, Yan R, Dong JH, Qin J. Prenatal diagnosis of methylmalonic aciduria by analysis of organic acids and total homocysteine in amniotic fluid. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121:216-219. [PMID: 18298912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is the most frequent disease of organic aciduria in China. Various biochemical strategies are followed for the prenatal diagnosis of MMA. However, since fetuses affected by MMA have decreased excretion of methylmalonic acid, the difficulties of prenatal biochemical diagnosis are obvious. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS) have allowed us to identify the disease in affected fetuses. The aim of this study was to determine the value of analysis of organic acids and total homocysteine in amniotic fluid in prenatal diagnosis of MMA. METHODS The clinical diagnoses and outcomes of nine probands with MMA and the prenatal diagnoses based on biochemical analysis of nine fetuses at risk for MMA were investigated. Amniotic fluid samples from pregnancies at risk for MMA and metabolically normal pregnancies were obtained at 16 - 24 weeks of gestation. Methylmalonic acid and methylcitric acid were measured by GC/MS, propionylcarnitine was analyzed by ESI/MS/MS, and total homocysteine was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. RESULTS In two pregnancies, high levels of methylmalonic acid, methylcitric acid, propionylcarnitine, and total homocysteine indicated combined MMA and homocysteinemia in the fetuses. One of the mothers continued pregnancy and received cobalamin supplement as prenatal treatment, and the other terminated her pregnancy. In one pregnancy, significantly elevated levels of methylmalonic acid, methylcitric acid, and propionylcarnitine, and normal level of total homocysteine was found indicating isolated MMA in the fetus; abortion was performed on this case. In the other six pregnancies, all the levels of the above mentioned metabolites were normal suggesting that the fetuses were not affected by MMA. The diagnoses were confirmed after delivery by testing urinary organic acids and plasma total homocysteine. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic abnormalities of MMA occur early in gestation. The level of total homocysteine in amniotic fluid may be an additional indicator of fetal combined MMA and homocysteinemia. Determination of total homocysteine level in amniotic fluid may become a convenient and reliable method for prenatal diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Liu Y, Chen JL, Cheng DF. [Effects of wheat leaf surface waxes on the feeding of two wheat aphid species]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2007; 18:1785-1788. [PMID: 17974245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
By using GC-MS and bioassay techniques, this paper studied the effects of different wheat varieties (cultivars) leaf surface waxes on the feeding of wheat aphids Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. The results showed that the leaf surface waxes of wheat varieties (cultivars) SN80, SN18 and Zimail2 could stimulate the feeding of test aphids, while SN87 could not. GC-MS analysis showed that the chemical composition of leaf surface waxes differed with wheat varieties (cultivars). The main components were long chain alkanes, and others were 7-tetradecene, 8-pentadecanone, ethyl citrate, tetradecanoic acid ethyl ester, and hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester. The bioassay found that alkanes (> C17), 7-tetradecene and 8-pentadecanone could act as strong stimulants to the feeding of the aphids, while ethyl citrate, tetradecanoic acid ethyl ester and hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester didn't have stimulation to S. avenae, neither tetradecanoic acid ethyl ester and hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester to R. padi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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Krawczyk H, Martyniuk T. Characterisation of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of methylcitric acid. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007; 67:298-305. [PMID: 16997619 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylcitric acid (MCA) was synthesised in Reformatsky reaction (2RS, 3RS stereoisomers) and in the nucleophilic addition (2RS, 3SR stereoisomers). The stereoselectivity of these reactions was analysed. (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra of diastereoisomers of methylcitric acid were recorded and interpreted. The values of (1)H chemical shifts and (1)H-(1)H coupling constants were analysed. Proton-decoupled high-resolution (13)C NMR spectra of MCA diastereoisomers were measured in a series of dilute water solutions of various acidities. These data may provide a basis for unequivocal determination of the presence of MCA in the urine samples of patients' suffering from propionic acidemia, methylmalonic aciduria, or holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency. NMR spectroscopy enables determination of MCA diastereoisomers in body fluids and can be a complementary and useful diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Krawczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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Goeb K, Engehausen DG, Krause FS, Hollenbach HP, Niedobitek G, Buettner M, Frangou P, Engelhard K. MRI spectroscopy in screening of prostate cancer. Anticancer Res 2007; 27:687-93. [PMID: 17348461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the suitability of MR Spectroscopy in screening for prostate cancer in comparison to T2-weighted MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six patients with biopsy confirmed prostate cancer underwent combined endorectal-body-phased-array MRI at 1.5T (Tesla). Twelve patients were additionally examined with 3D-spectroscopy sequence. The results of the spectroscopy were compared with the findings of T2-weighted MR imaging and the histological examination of radical prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS With 3D-spectroscopy, a choline+creatine/citrate-ratio of 0.45 for healthy tissue and a ratio of 1.90 for tumor tissue were found and a significant difference between the groups was demonstrated. In 6 cases diagnosis of tumor localization was improved with spectroscopy in comparison with T2-weighted imaging alone. CONCLUSION 3D-spectroscopy is a suitable technique for improving MR imaging of prostate cancer. This method can improve the diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted imaging alone. At present, 3D-CSI spectroscopy alone can not be recommended with sufficient validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Goeb
- Department of Radiology, Martha-Maria Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany
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Abstract
A turn-on fluorescent indicator for citric acid (citrate) has been developed, displaying high emission enhancement (+1500%) and low interference by other carboxylates. The sensor is based on the non-emissive copper(II) complex of a fluorescent amino amide, which, upon addition of citrate decomplexates to yield the emissive ligand. The detection limit estimated for this new chemosensing system is about 0.5 microM. This novel approach to the analysis of citrate constitutes an alternative ca. 10(2)-10(3) times more sensitive than the standard method based on the enzyme citrate lyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Burguete
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Unidad Asociada de Materiales Orgánicos Avanzados, Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales, Universitat Jaume I-CSIC, Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
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Abstract
Cryoprecipitate is still widely used to treat hemophilia A in developing countries. However, the yield of factor VIII is relatively low averaging, i.e. only 50%. We have attempted to enhance the yield by adding sodium citrate to the plasma following the method of Shanbrom and Owens (Blood 98, 2001, 60a). Fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) units were processed either as control plasma or after the addition of 10% sodium citrate. Cryoprecipitate was produced from both. After resuspension, calcium chloride was added to the citrated cryoprecipitate to correct for excess citrate prior to testing. The levels of FVIII and fibrinogen were determined in both preparations. The citrated cryoprecipitates had varying yields of fibrinogen and FVIII in the cryoprecipitate. The FVIII levels varied from 34% to 215% recovery. Fibrinogen ranged from 55.5% to 121.4%. We found that the addition of increasing amounts of CaCl2 to normal plasma raised the FVIII values from 1.0 to 4 U/ml. To determine the possibility of assay influence we added different quantities of CaCl2 to control plasma and measured the FVIII and activated partial thromboplastin time levels. Addition of citrate to plasma resulted in an increased total amount of cryoprecipitate much of which was citrate. Assays showed considerable ranges in the quantity of FVIII and fibrinogen. Activation of FVIII can be caused by addition of excess calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yousef
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Díaz-Muñiz I, Banavara DS, Budinich MF, Rankin SA, Dudley EG, Steele JL. Lactobacillus casei metabolic potential to utilize citrate as an energy source in ripening cheese: a bioinformatics approach. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 101:872-82. [PMID: 16968299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify potential pathways for citrate catabolism by Lactobacillus casei under conditions similar to ripening cheese. METHODS AND RESULTS A putative citric acid cycle (PCAC) for Lact. casei was generated utilizing the genome sequence, and metabolic flux analyses. Although it was possible to construct a unique PCAC for Lact. casei, its full functionality was unknown. Therefore, the Lact. casei PCAC was evaluated utilizing end-product analyses of citric acid catabolism during growth in modified chemically defined media (mCDM), and Cheddar cheese extract (CCE). Results suggest that under energy source excess and limitation in mCDM this micro-organism produces mainly L-lactic acid and acetic acid, respectively. Both organic acids were produced in CCE. Additional end products include D-lactic acid, acetoin, formic acid, ethanol, and diacetyl. Production of succinic acid, malic acid, and butanendiol was not observed. CONCLUSIONS Under conditions similar to those present in ripening cheese, citric acid is converted to acetic acid, L/D-lactic acid, acetoin, diacetyl, ethanol, and formic acid. The PCAC suggests that conversion of the citric acid-derived pyruvic acid into acetic acid, instead of lactic acid, may yield two ATPs per molecule of citric acid. Functionality of the PCAC reductive route was not observed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This research describes a unique PCAC for Lact. casei. Additionally, it describes the citric acid catabolism end product by this nonstarter lactic acid bacteria during growth, and under conditions similar to those present in ripening cheese. It provides insights on pathways preferably utilized to derive energy in the presence of limiting carbohydrates by this micro-organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Díaz-Muñiz
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to use a Rapid Visco Analyzer to study the effect of natural cheese age, trisodium citrate (TSC) concentration, and mixing speed on process cheese food (PCF) functionality. In this study 3 replicates of natural cheese were manufactured, and a portion of each cheese was subjected to 6 different PCF manufacturing treatments at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 18 wk of ripening. These treatments were factorial combinations of 3 levels of TSC (i.e., 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%) and 2 mixing speeds during manufacture (450 and 1,050 rpm). Functional properties of the PCF evaluated included manufacturing properties [apparent viscosity after manufacture (VAM)], unmelted textural properties (firmness), melted cheese flow properties [hot apparent viscosity (HAV)], and cheese thickening during cooling [time at 5000 cP (T5)]. All 4 parameters (VAM, firmness, HAV, and T5) were significantly affected by natural cheese age and mixing speed, whereas VAM, HAV, and T5 were also significantly influenced by the amount of TSC. The VAM and firmness decreased as cheese age increased, whereas T5 values increased as cheese age increased. Similarly, VAM, HAV, and firmness values increased because of the increased mixing speed, whereas T5 values decreased. The age x mixing speed interaction was significant for VAM and firmness. The age x concentration of the TSC interaction term was significant for VAM, whereas the age x age x TSC concentration term was significant for HAV. The results demonstrate that natural cheese age, mixing speed during manufacture, and concentration of TSC have a significant impact on process cheese functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Garimella Purna
- Minnesota-South Dakota Dairy Foods Research Center, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
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Tolwani A, Wille KM. Citrate-Based Replacement Solutions with Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration: Not as Simple as It Sounds. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47:1086; author reply 1086-7. [PMID: 16731311 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kumar V, Jagannathan NR, Kumar R, Das SC, Jindal L, Thulkar S, Gupta SD, Dwivedi SN, Roell S, Hemal AK, Gupta NP. Correlation between metabolite ratios and ADC values of prostate in men with increased PSA level. Magn Reson Imaging 2006; 24:541-8. [PMID: 16735174 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were carried out in men with increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Forty subjects [controls (Group I) and patients (Groups II and III with PSA >20 and 4-20 ng/ml, respectively)] were investigated using endorectal coil at 1.5 T prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy. Metabolite ratio [citrate/(choline+creatine)] and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated for identical voxels. In patients, voxels that showed lower metabolite ratio showed reduced ADC in the peripheral zone (PZ) of the prostate, and voxels with increased metabolite ratio showed higher ADC. Metabolite ratios were used to predict areas of malignancy if the ratio was <1.4 and if ADC value was <1.17 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s. Patients in Group II had lower metabolite ratio and ADC in the PZ compared to controls and Group III. All 13 were positive for malignancy in MR, while 12 of 13 were positive on TRUS-guided sextant biopsy. In Group III, certain voxels of PZ that showed reduced metabolite ratio also showed lower ADC. A positive correlation was observed between metabolite ratio and ADC. MR predicted areas of malignancy in PZ in 15 of 20 patients; however, only six were positive on TRUS-guided biopsy perhaps due to high false-negative rate of TRUS-guided biopsy. Results show positive correlation between MRSI and DWI and their potential in detection of malignancy, thereby improving the diagnosis especially in patients with PSA level of 4-20 ng/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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36
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Abstract
The effects of the concentration of trisodium citrate (TSC) emulsifying salt (0.25 to 2.75%) and holding time (0 to 20 min) on the textural, rheological, and microstructural properties of pasteurized process Cheddar cheese were studied using a central composite rotatable design. The loss tangent parameter (from small amplitude oscillatory rheology), extent of flow (derived from the University of Wisconsin Meltprofiler), and melt area (from the Schreiber test) all indicated that the meltability of process cheese decreased with increased concentration of TSC and that holding time led to a slight reduction in meltability. Hardness increased as the concentration of TSC increased. Fluorescence micrographs indicated that the size of fat droplets decreased with an increase in the concentration of TSC and with longer holding times. Acid-base titration curves indicated that the buffering peak at pH 4.8, which is due to residual colloidal calcium phosphate, decreased as the concentration of TSC increased. The soluble phosphate content increased as concentration of TSC increased. However, the insoluble Ca decreased with increasing concentration of TSC. The results of this study suggest that TSC chelated Ca from colloidal calcium phosphate and dispersed casein; the citrate-Ca complex remained trapped within the process cheese matrix. Increasing the concentration of TSC helped to improve fat emulsification and casein dispersion during cooking, both of which probably helped to reinforce the structure of process cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shirashoji
- Food Research and Development Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-Chome Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 228-8583, Japan
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Yun MH, Kwon KI. High-performance liquid chromatography method for determining alendronate sodium in human plasma by detecting fluorescence: Application to a pharmacokinetic study in humans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:168-72. [PMID: 16095861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed using diethylamine (DEA) solid-phase extraction (SPE), 9-fluorenylmethyl derivative (FMOC) and fluorescence detection for quantifying alendronate in human plasma. Sample preparation involved a manual protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, a manual coprecipitation of the bisphosphonate with calcium phosphate and derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate in citrate buffer at pH 11.9. Liquid chromatography was performed on a Capcell Pak C(18) column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm particles), using a gradient method starting with mobile phase acetonitrile/methanol-citrate/pyrophosphate buffer (32:68, v/v). The total run time was 25 min. The fluorometric detector was operated at 260 nm (excitation) and 310 nm (emission). Pamidronate was used as the internal standard. The limit of quantification was 1 ng/ml using 3 ml of plasma. The intra- and inter-day precision expressed as the relative standard deviation was less than 15%. The assay was applied to the analysis of samples from a pharmacokinetic study. Following the oral administration of 70 mg of alendronate sodium to volunteers, the maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and elimination half-life were 40.94 +/- 19.60 ng/ml and 1.67 +/- 0.50 h, respectively. The method was demonstrated to be highly feasible and reproducible for pharmacokinetic studies including bioequivalence test of alendronate sodium in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hyuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Doorenbos CJ, Van den Elsen-Hutten M, Heuven MJM, Hessels J. Estimation of trisodium citrate (Citra-Lock) remaining in central venous catheters after the interdialytic interval. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 21:543-5. [PMID: 16357052 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfi331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Wasaki J, Rothe A, Kania A, Neumann G, Römheld V, Shinano T, Osaki M, Kandeler E. Root exudation, phosphorus acquisition, and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of white lupine as affected by phosphorus supply and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. J Environ Qual 2005; 34:2157-66. [PMID: 16275716 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
White lupine (Lupinus albus L.) was used as a phosphorus (P)-efficient model plant to study the effects of elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations on (i) P acquisition, (ii) the related alterations in root development and rhizosphere chemistry, and (iii) the functional and structural diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities, on a P-deficient calcareous subsoil with and without soluble P fertilization. In both +P (80 mg P kg(-1)) and -P treatments (no added P), elevated CO(2) (800 micromol mol(-1)) increased shoot biomass production by 20 to 35% and accelerated the development of cluster roots, which exhibit important functions in chemical mobilization of sparingly soluble soil P sources. Accordingly, cluster root formation was stimulated in plants without P application by 140 and 60% for ambient and elevated CO(2) treatments, respectively. Intense accumulation of citrate and increased activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, but also of chitinase, in the rhizosphere were mainly confined to later stages of cluster root development in -P treatments. Regardless of atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, there was no significant effect on accumulation of citrate or on selected enzyme activities of C, N, and P cycles in the rhizosphere of individual root clusters. Discriminant analysis of selected enzyme activities revealed that mainly phosphatase and chitinase contributed to the experimental variance (81.3%) of the data. Phosphatase and chitinase activities in the rhizosphere might be dominated by the secretion from cluster roots rather than by microbial activity. Alterations in rhizosphere bacterial communities analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were related with the intense changes in root secretory activity observed during cluster root development but not with elevated CO(2) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wasaki
- Creative Research Initiative Sousei (CRIS), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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Zygoura PD, Paleologos EK, Riganakos KA, Kontominas MG. Determination of diethylhexyladipate and acetyltributylcitrate in aqueous extracts after cloud point extraction coupled with microwave assisted back extraction and gas chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1093:29-35. [PMID: 16233868 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The determination of commercial plasticizers (di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC)) in aqueous solutions is described. The newly proposed technique of applying microwaves to cloud point extracts in order to enable combination with gas chromatographic analysis has been used for this purpose. Both plasticizers were entrapped in the micelles of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 and removed from the bulk phase by centrifugation. Micellization was enhanced by increasing the ionic strength of the solution with concentrated NaCl. Extraction recoveries of the proposed method were over 95% for water and 3% (w/v) aqueous acetic acid and over 85% for 10% (v/v) aqueous ethanol, respectively. The calibration curves obtained, following the proposed methodology have a linear range between 50 and 2000 microg/L for each analyte while the detection limits were as low as 15 and 19 microg/L for DEHA and ATBC, respectively, with an RSD below 5% even for low concentrations. As an analytical demonstration the proposed methodology was applied for the determination of the migration levels of the selected plasticizers from a PVC food packaging film into aqueous simulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota D Zygoura
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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41
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Grabow N, Schlun M, Sternberg K, Hakansson N, Kramer S, Schmitz KP. Mechanical Properties of Laser Cut Poly(L-Lactide) Micro-Specimens: Implications for Stent Design, Manufacture, and Sterilization. J Biomech Eng 2005; 127:25-31. [PMID: 15868785 DOI: 10.1115/1.1835349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background: The development of endoluminal stents from polymeric materials requires an understanding of the basic mechanical properties of the polymer and the effects of manufacturing and sterilization on those properties. Methods: Pure poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and PLLA containing varying amounts of triethylcitrate (TEC) as a plasticizer (5-10-15%) were studied. The specimens were solution-cast and CO2 laser-cut. Specimen dimensions were adapted to the strut size of polymeric vascular stents. The properties of the PLLA micro-specimens were assessed before and after sterilization (EtO cold gas, H2O2-plasma, beta- and gamma-irradiation). Tensile tests, and creep and recovery tests were carried out at 37°C. Additionally the thermal and thermo-mechanical characteristics were investigated using dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: The results showed the dramatic influence of the plasticizer content and sterilization procedure on the mechanical properties of the material. Laser cutting had a lesser effect. Hence the effects of processing and sterilization must not be overlooked in the material selection and design phases of the development process leading to clinical use. Altogether, the results of these studies provide a clearer understanding of the complex interaction between the laser machining process and terminal sterilization on the primary mechanical properties of PLLA and PLLA plasticized with TEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Grabow
- University of Rostock, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ernst-Heydemann-Str 6, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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van den Besselaar AMHP, Rutten WPF, Witteveen E. Effect of magnesium contamination in evacuated blood collection tubes on the prothrombin time test and ISI calibration using recombinant human thromboplastin and different types of coagulometer. Thromb Res 2005; 115:239-44. [PMID: 15617747 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 08/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of two types of evacuated blood collection tube on the prothrombin time and international sensitivity index (ISI) of Recombiplastin, a recombinant human thromboplastin. Vacutainer tubes were compared with Venoject II tubes. Magnesium contamination was detected in the sodium citrate solutions contained in the Vacutainer tubes with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 mmol/l. In contrast, magnesium ions could not be detected in the Venoject II tubes. The prothrombin ratio was decreased by contamination with magnesium ions and, hence, the ISI was increased. The magnitude of the effect of magnesium contamination on the ISI was influenced by the type of coagulometer and increased in the order: ACL Advance (3%), ACL-300 (4%), Electra-1000 (6%). The ISI bias is transmitted to the international normalized ratio (INR). In the case of the Electra-1000, the INR bias would be approximately 6% at INR 3.0 if the two types of blood collection tubes would be used without distinction. In a secondary study, the effect of magnesium contamination on the prothrombin time was assessed with the current World Health Organization international reference preparation for recombinant human thromboplastin (rTF/95). Magnesium chloride added to patients' blood (0.2 mmol/l) induced 2.3% reduction of the INR determined with rTF/95 and the manual technique. CONCLUSION The magnitude of the influence of blood collection tubes contaminated with magnesium on ISI and INR determined with recombinant human thromboplastin depends on the coagulometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M H P van den Besselaar
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, C2-R, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
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Kim DH, Margolis D, Xing L, Daniel B, Spielman D. In vivo prostate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using two-dimensional J-resolved PRESS at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2005; 53:1177-82. [PMID: 15844143 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the prostate using single-voxel and multivoxel two-dimensional (2D) J-resolved sequences is investigated at a main magnetic field strength of 3 T. Citrate, an important metabolite often used to aid the detection of prostate cancer in magnetic resonance spectroscopic exams, can be reliably detected along with the other metabolites using this method. We show simulations and measurements of the citrate metabolite using 2D J-resolved spectroscopy to characterize the spectral pattern. Furthermore, using spiral readout gradients, the single-voxel 2D J-resolved method is extended to provide the spatial distribution information as well all within a reasonable scan time (17 min). Phantom and in vivo data are presented to illustrate the multivoxel 2D J-resolved spiral chemical shift imaging sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA.
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Mairiang E, Hanpanich P, Sriboonlue P. In vivo 31P-MRS assessment of muscle-pH, cytolsolic-[Mg2+] and phosphorylation potential after supplementing hypokaliuric renal stone patients with potassium and magnesium salts. Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 22:715-9. [PMID: 15172066 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2004.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal stone patients in rural northeast Thailand have a low potassium and magnesium status and low urinary excretion of citrate. We measured the changes of urinary citrate excretion and assessed in vivo skeletal muscle metabolism for intracellular-pH, cytosolic-[Mg(2+)] and phosphorylation potential (using the phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31)P-MRS) after oral supplementation to hypokaliuric renal stone patients with oral potassium and magnesium salts. The patients comprised four groups: Group 1 (n = 10) control, Group 2 (n = 3), Group 3 (n = 5) and Group 4 (n = 6) supplemented for a month with potassium citrate, potassium citrate plus amino acid chelated magnesium, and potassium-magnesium citrate, respectively. Though urinary citrate excretion was increased in all three supplemented groups, the increases in intracellular-pH, cytosolic-[Mg(2+)] and phosphocreatine (PCr)/beta-ATP were prominent only in Group 3. The increase in PCr/beta-ATP was also observed in Group 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Li J, Chatterjee K, Medek A, Shalaev E, Zografi G. Acid–Base Characteristics of Bromophenol Blue–Citrate Buffer Systems in the Amorphous State. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93:697-712. [PMID: 14762908 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have examined the acid-base characteristics of various citrate buffer systems alone and in the presence of the pH indicator dye, bromophenol blue, in aqueous solution, and after lyophilization to produce amorphous material. Fourier transform Raman and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been used to monitor the ratio of ionized to un-ionized citric acid under various conditions, as a function of initial pH in the range of 2.65-4.28. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was used to probe the extent of proton transfer of bromophenol blue in the citrate buffer systems in solution and the amorphous state. Spectroscopic studies indicated greater ionization of citric acid and bromophenol blue in solution and the solid state with increasing initial solution pH, as expected. Fourier transform Raman measurements indicated the same ratio of ionized to un-ionized citrate species in solution, frozen solution, and the amorphous state. It is shown that the ratio of species at any particular initial pH is primarily determined by the amount of sodium ion present so as to maintain electroneutrality and not necessarily to the fact that pH and pK(a) remain unchanged during freezing and freeze drying. Indeed, for bromophenol blue, the relative ultraviolet-visible intensities for ionized and un-ionized species in the amorphous sample were different from those in solution indicating that the extent of protonation of bromophenol blue was significantly lower in the solid samples. It is concluded that under certain conditions there can be significant differences in the apparent hydrogen activity of molecules in amorphous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Pionnier E, Chabanet C, Mioche L, Taylor AJ, Le Quéré JL, Salles C. 2. In vivo nonvolatile release during eating of a model cheese: relationships with oral parameters. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:565-571. [PMID: 14759149 DOI: 10.1021/jf030545n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the release kinetics of nonvolatile compounds (NVC) (leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, propanoic acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphates) during the eating of a model cheese and the relationships to some oral (salivary and masticatory) parameters. The aroma release has previously been characterized in similar conditions [Pionnier, E.; Chabanet, C.; Mioche, L.; Le Quéré, J.-L.; Salles, C. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52, xxx-xxx (1)]. Saliva samples were collected from the tongues of eight assessors at different times during and after the chewing sequence. Atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry and/or high-performance liquid chromatography analyses have been performed on these samples in order to quantify the 12 NVC released in saliva. The maximum concentration (C(max)) in saliva varied significantly according to the compound. However, there was no significant effect of the compound on the time to reach maximum concentration (T(max)). Interindividual differences were observed for most of the parameters and for all of the NVC studied. The parameters extracted from the release profiles of the NVC were closely correlated. High T(max) and AUC (area under the curve) values could be related to high chewing time and low saliva flow rates, low chewing rates, low masticatory performances, and low swallowing rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Pionnier
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte ENESAD-INRA de Recherche sur les Arômes, 17 rue Sully, B.P. 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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Abstract
The nuclide 67Ga is widely used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic purposes. It decays with a half-life of 3.259 days to 67Zn, a stable nuclide. The decay mode is electron capture with several branches followed by gamma-de-excitation. One of the excited levels of 67Zn with energy 93 keV has a half-life of 9.1 micros, which makes its absolute standardization by coincidence methods difficult. Two methods were used to standardize a solution of this nuclide: (a) 4pi-EC(PPC)-gamma(NaI) coincidence counting with efficiency extrapolation to infinite dead time and (b) high-efficiency 4pigamma counting with a well-type NaI detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Toraño
- Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT, Edificio 12, Avenida Complutense 22, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Kichenko SM, Podorozhnaia RP, Petrovich IA. [Study of age-specific changes in labeled citrate metabolism in health and disease]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2004; 83:9-13. [PMID: 15021868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A new coefficient - mineralized tissues/biological fluids (MT/BF) - is suggested for evaluating the distribution of compounds adsorbed by MT and dissolved in BF. The relative radioactivity (RRA) was estimated for the periods of 10 min to 96 h after intraperitoneal injection of [3-(14)C]citrate to rats aged 1 and 3 months and over 1 year by dividing the percent of incorporation in MT by the percent of incorporation in BF. Changes in RRA for molar root/blood serum (R/BS) and RRA for dentin/blood serum (D/BS) are similar: low values at the beginning of experiment, an increase 1 h postinjection, a decrease 2-3 h postinjection, and another increase (65-80 times) by 96 h postinjection. A biphasic reaction with a rapid elevation and decrease after 1-2 h and a second elevation before the end of the experiment due to citrate adsorption on hydroxyapatite and influence of D and R proteins on stable hemosorption of citrate by MT was observed. The time course of RRA enamel/oral fluid was different: a decrease 1 h postinjection and an increase 2-3 h postinjection. Two weeks after crossing the inferior alveolar nerve, the R/BS RRA decreased to a lesser degree in 1-month-old rats in comparison with 3-month-old animals, which can be explained by higher efficiency of the adaptive-compensatory mechanisms in growing rats.
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Xu Z, Huang S, Du F, Peng C, Tian Y. [Studies on constituents of Rosa bracteata fruits(II)]. Zhong Yao Cai 2003; 26:867-9. [PMID: 15058205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find the active constituents of Rosa bracteata Wendl. to antagonize withdrawal syndrome in morphinedependent mice. METHODS The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography repeatedly. Their structures were made clear by chemical reactions and on the evidence of spectroscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Five compounds were isolated from the fruits and four of them were determined as trimethly citrate, dimethyl 3-carboxyl-3-hydroxypentanedioate, 3-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-pentanedioic acid, calcium citrate, which were found from the Rose genus plant for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Xu
- Hunan College of TCM, Changsha 410004
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50
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sodium citrate on the structure and functionality of Cheddar cheese. The hypothesis was that citrate (sodium citrate) injection would affect cheese properties mainly through its effect on bound calcium (calculated as the difference between total calcium and the water-soluble calcium content of a cheese extract). A 9-kg block of Cheddar cheese was made, vacuum-packaged, and then stored for 2 wk at 4 degrees C. After storage, the cheese was cut into 0.5- to 0.6-kg blocks that were vacuum-packaged and stored for 1 wk at 4 degrees C prior to injection. Cheese blocks were then high-pressure injected with a buffer solution (pH 5.27) containing 40% (wt/ wt) citric acid trisodium dihydrate and 6.25% (wt/wt) anhydrous citric acid, from zero (control) to five times (successive injections performed 24 h apart). Increased citric acid content of cheese from 0.22 (uninjected) to 1.39% (after five injections) caused phosphate solubilization. Thus, the calculated bound phosphate content of cheese decreased from 0.54 to 0.45 mmol/g of protein. However, unexpectedly, the soluble calcium content decreased from 0.34 (control) to 0.28 mmol/g of protein (after five injections), whereas the bound calcium content remained unchanged (0.42 mmol/g of protein). The decrease in soluble calcium probably resulted from the formation and concentration of crystals in the cheese surface, which was not included in samples for analysis, and from the expulsion of serum from within the cheese. Higher concentration of solutes in the water phase of cheese would increase the volume of serum, but the cheese had limited holding capacity and serum was expelled. Citrate injection increased the sodium content of cheese from 0.63 to 0.93%, but it had no effect on cheese pH (5.2). After five injections, the protein matrix expanded, occupying an increased area of cheese matrix (83 vs. 78%). Even though citrate injection had no effect on bound calcium, and thus the rate and extent of cheese flow were unaffected, increased phosphate solubilization, and possibly decreased ionic calcium content, resulted in expansion of the protein matrix and increased cheese hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pastorino
- Western Dairy Center, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322, USA
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