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Flores-León A, Martí R, Valcarcel M, Roselló S, Beltrán J, García-Martínez S, Ruiz JJ, Gisbert C, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Picó B. Sustainable cultivation of melon landraces: Effects of grafting on the accumulation of flavor-related compounds. Food Chem 2024; 444:138709. [PMID: 38350163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Melon landraces are highly appreciated by consumers who pay price premiums to compensate for lower yields, enabling on-farm conservation. However, they are highly susceptible to soilborne diseases. This study analyses the impact of Cucurbita and Cucumis rootstocks on the accumulation of flavor-related metabolites in Spanish landraces of the Ibericus melon group, as a strategy to promote their sustainable cultivation. Scion genotype was the main factor conditioning the accumulation of sugars and acids both under standard and saline organic farming conditions. The effects of grafting on organic acid accumulation were negligible, while the effects on sugar content were significant. The latter effects were dependent on specific scion-rootstock combinations, though wild Cucumis (e.g. Fian) rootstocks represent an alternative that should be further studied. The effect on the accumulation of volatiles was limited, and again depended on specific scion-rootstock combinations. The rootstock effect even differed between populations of the same landrace.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flores-León
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno de Vera s.n. 46022, Spain
| | - R Martí
- Joint Research Unit UJI-UPV Improvement of Agri-food Quality, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno de Vera s.n. 46022, Spain
| | - M Valcarcel
- Joint Research Unit UJI-UPV Improvement of Agri-food Quality, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno de Vera s.n. 46022, Spain
| | - S Roselló
- Joint Research Unit UJI-UPV Improvement of Agri-food Quality, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - J Beltrán
- Instituto Universitario de Plaguicidas y Aguas (IUPA), Universitat Jaume I, Campus de Riu Sec, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - S García-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - J J Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel Km 3,2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - C Gisbert
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno de Vera s.n. 46022, Spain
| | - J Cebolla-Cornejo
- Joint Research Unit UJI-UPV Improvement of Agri-food Quality, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno de Vera s.n. 46022, Spain.
| | - B Picó
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno de Vera s.n. 46022, Spain
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Deepika, Sarita, Kumari A. Nutritional, Shelf-Life, and Sensory Evaluation of Cucumis callosus Based Optimized Syrup. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024; 79:225-233. [PMID: 37957407 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cucumis callosus or "Choti kachri" is feral species of Cucurbitaceae family grown commonly in the semi-arid zones. The current study aimed to optimize and develop a syrup by utilizing C. callosus. For optimization of various combinations of C. callosus (CC) and Malus domestica (MD), various treatments were prepared namely T1 (100:00), T2 (75:25), T3 (50:50), T4 (00:100). The developed syrups were analyzed for nutritional and sensory analysis for a storage period of three months. The maximum and minimum range of different blends and storage period for various parameters were reported as TSS (oBx) (65.06 ± 0.23 to 67.17 ± 0.25), pH (4.67 ± 0.17 to 5.02 ± 0.65), acidity (%citric acid) (0.61 ± 0.02 to 0.98 ± 0.11), reducing sugars (%) (35.98 ± 0.12 to 44.12 ± 0.03), total sugars (%) (57.12 ± 0.03 to 65.51 ± 0.07), and non-reducing sugars (%) (14.88 ± 0.19 to 26.65 ± 0.11). All the blends varied non- significantly in terms of TSS, pH and acidity while significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference was noted in sugars when blended with 75:25 ratio of CC: MD. The data with respect to storage study reveals that the TSS, PH and acidity varied non-significantly while reducing sugars increased significantly. However, total, and non-reducing sugars decreased significantly with the increase of storage period. The prepared blends were subjected for sensory evaluation using 9-point hedonic scale for assessing color, consistency, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability with noted values as 8.0 ± 0.54 to 7.0 ± 0.44, 7.2 ± 0.54 to 8.0 ± 0.70, 7.0 ± 0.44 to 8.0 ± 0.70, 7.2 ± 0.44 to 8.0 ± 0.70, and 7.2 ± 0.44 to 8.0 ± 0.83. The study indicated that C. callosus is an acceptable source for development of syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, 123031, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Sarita
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, 123031, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, 123031, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
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Paul BM, Jagadeesan G, Kannan G, Jegan Raj F, Annadurai Y, Piramanayagam S, Thangaraj P. Exploring the hypoglycaemic efficacy of bio-accessed antioxidative polyphenolics in thermally processed Cucumis dipsaceus fruits - An in vitro and in silico study. Food Chem 2024; 435:137577. [PMID: 37804734 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of breakdown of dietary carbohydrates, by controlling the postprandial activity of diabetic enzymes through fruit polyphenolics can help downregulate the effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The study focuses on deciphering the induction of hyperglycaemic control by bio-accessed anti-oxidative polyphenols of Cucumic dipsaceus fruits. Chiefly, we examined the antioxidant activity of bio-accessed polyphenols of C. dipsaceus fruits (DPPH: ME (GDE)-66.26 %; ABTS: FE (IDE)-1963.83 µM TEAC/mg extract; Phosphomolybdenum reduction: FE (IDE)- 64.95 mg AAEAC/g extract). To add more significance, the anti-diabetic activity was predetermined by in silico docking analyses (Pseudojervine - -5.43; Squalene- -10.41) and was concurrently confirmed by in vitro studies (α amylase inhibition: ME (GDE) - 69.58 %; α glucosidase inhibition: FE (UDE)- 88.67 %). A higher bio-accessibility of rutin (37.92 mg/g ODE) and gallic acid (8.36 mg/g ODE) was observed after quantification by HPLC, which confirmed the correlation between anti-diabetic activity and C. dipsaceus fruit phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Mathews Paul
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Jagadeesan
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gowtham Kannan
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Francis Jegan Raj
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yamuna Annadurai
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmughavel Piramanayagam
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Deepika, Kumari A, Prajapati P, Sarita, Kumar S, Aluko RE, Singh S, Garg M. Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Cucumis callosus: a Novel Nutritional Powerhouse for the Management of Non-communicable Diseases. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2023; 78:630-642. [PMID: 37698772 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Cucumis callosus (Kachri) is an under-exploited fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, distributed majorly in the arid regions of India in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. The fruit is traditionally used by the native people at a small scale by home-level processing. It is a perennial herb that has been shown to possess therapeutic potential in certain disorders. In several studies, the antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, and cardioprotective properties of Kachri have been reported. The fruit has a good nutritional value in terms of high percentages of protein, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, phenols, and various phytochemicals. Also, gamma radiation treatment has been used on this crop to reduce total bacterial counts (TBC), ensuring safety from pathogens during the storage period of the fruit and its products. These facts lay down a foundation for the development of functional food formulations and nutraceuticals of medicinal value from this functionally rich crop. Processing of traditionally valuable arid region foods into functional foods and products can potentially increase the livelihood and nutritional security of people globally. Therefore, this review focuses on the therapeutic and pharmacological potentials of the Kachri fruit in the management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) namely, diabetes, cancer, and hyperlipidemia. Graphical abstract of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India, 123031
| | - Anita Kumari
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India, 123031.
| | - Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India, 110075
| | - Sarita
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India, 123031
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Garg
- Department of Food Technology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India, 110075
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Liao K, Liu J, Gu YL, Wang C, Wei HL. Pseudomonas cucumis sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of crop plants. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 38117210 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Two bacterial strains, FP1935T and FP1962, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of cucumber and Chieh-qua plants, respectively, in Jilin Province, PR China. These strains were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile with one or two polar flagella. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they represented members of the genus Pseudomonas, with the highest similarity to Pseudomonas silesiensis A3T (99.45 %), Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis JAJ28T (99.45 %), Pseudomonas mandelii NBRC 103147T (99.38 %), Pseudomonas piscium P50T (99.27 %) and Pseudomonas meliae CFBP 3225T (99.18 %). The DNA G+C contents of FP1935T and FP1962 were 58.99 mol% and 58.98 mol%, respectively. The results of in silico genome-based analyses indicated that these strains were distinct from other species in the genus Pseudomonas, as the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were below the recommended thresholds of 95 % (ANI) and 70 % (dDDH) for prokaryotic species delineation, with no values exceeding 94.1 and 55.8 %, respectively, compared with any other related species. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic tests confirmed their differentiation from their closest relatives. The fatty acid profiles of both strains mainly consisted of summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), C12 : 0 and C16 : 0. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9. Polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminophospholipids, unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic results, we propose the name Pseudomonas cucumis sp. nov. for these novel strains. The type strain is FP1935T (=ACCC 62445T=JCM 35690T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiji Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hai-Lei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Singh V, Kaur R, Devashree Y, Kaur D, Gupta S. In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Cucumis L. and Momordica L. against Human Pathogens. Dokl Biol Sci 2022; 504:85-93. [PMID: 35821301 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are the rich source of compounds having antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. The present study has been carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Cucumis melo var. agrestis (morphotype I), Cucumis melo var. agrestis (morphotype II), Cucumis melo var. momordica L., Cucumis melo L., Momordica balsamina L., Momordica charantia L., Momordica dioica L. against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas flourescens, Bacillus coagulans, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Crude extract of Cucumis L. and Momordica L. species were prepared with methanol, acetone and water for the determination of antimicrobial properties. Maximum yield was reported in methanol extract while minimum in acetone for all plant species. The maximum zone of inhibition of about 32.3 ± 0.57 mm was found against Staphylococcus aureus in Cucumis melo L., 21.3 ± 0.57 mm for Pseudomonas flourescens in Cucumis melo var. agrestis (morphotype II), 17 ± 0 mm for Klebsiella pneumoniae in Momordica balsamina L., and 23.3 ± 0.57 mm for Bacillus coagulans in Cucumis melo var. agrestis (morphotype II) extracts, respectively. The most active antimicrobial plants species were reported to be Cucumis melo var. agrestis (morphotype I), Cucumis melo L. and Momordica charantia L. having antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Department of Botany, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinderpal Kaur
- Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Yumnam Devashree
- Department of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Damanjeet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
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Abstract
Cervus and cucumis peptides (Lugua polypeptides, LG) are traditional Chinese medicine, which are active components of polypeptide extracted from Sika deer bone and melon seed, and they contain bone induced polypeptide biological factors. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, (UC-MSC) have tissue repair multiple effects, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation function, which become a very promising start in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Hence, LG combined UC-MSC can significantly enhance the UC-MSC treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).To explore the clinical curative effect and therapeutic mechanism of LG combined UC-MSC for treating RA.119 patients were divided into control and treatment groups, and both groups were treated with methotrexate tablets, leflunomide, and UC-MSC. But, LG were added to the treatment group. In vitro, the effects of LG on UC-MSC cell secretion of anti-inflammatory factors were also performed.The Health Assessment Questionnaire; the 28 joint disease activity score; C reactive protein; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate; rheumatoid factor; and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody were significantly reduced in treatment group 1 year after treatment (P < .05). In vitro, compared with the control group, the number of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG6) increased significantly (P < .05).LG combined UC-MSCs can significantly improve the curative effect of RA patients, while LG may reduce inflammatory cytokines, regulate immunity, improve microcirculation, and are conducive to UC-MSCs migration and the repair of damaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 986 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Air Force
| | - Hongxiang Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Chang An Hospital, Xi’an, Shaan Xi
| | - Yazheng Dang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 986 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Air Force
| | - Shigao Huang
- Cancer Centre
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR
| | - Minfei Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
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Araya EM, Adamu BA, Periasamy G, Sintayehu B, Gebrelibanos Hiben M. In vivo hepatoprotective and In vitro radical scavenging activities of Cucumis ficifolius A. rich root extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 242:112031. [PMID: 31220599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich is a perennial prostrate herb that stems up to 1 m long. Its root is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases including liver diseases. Yet, scientific evidence is lacking to verify its ethno medicinal claims. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective and radical scavenging activity of 80% methanol crude extract and different fractions of Cucumis ficifolius root. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radical scavenging activity was done applying the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay while hepatoprotective activity was assessed using pre- and post-treatment models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 25-30 g. A single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg was used for acute toxicity study, doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg were used in the pre-treatment model, and 500 mg/kg of extract and chloroform fraction were used in the post-treatment model. Biochemical markers and histopathological parameters were used to measure hepatoprotective activities. RESULTS C. ficifolius crude extract and its solvent fractions showed strong radical scavenging activity and the chloroform fraction had the highest activity. No sign of toxicity was shown in an acute toxicity test of the extract. Hepatoprotective activity evaluation on the crude extract by a pre-treatment model with 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg doses revealed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of the serum level of CCl4-induced liver enzyme markers at the highest tested dose (500 mg/kg). The chloroform fraction that had highest radical scavenging activity and the crude extract, both at 500 mg/kg, were again evaluated in a post-treatment model and the results revealed that both the extract and the chloroform fraction demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) hepatoprotective activities which support the results of the pre-treatment model. CONCLUSION The present study verified the hepatoprotective potentials of C. ficifolius extract and its chloroform fraction which might be, at least in part, through radical scavenging action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya
- Department of Pharmacy, Colleges of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Betelhem Anteneh Adamu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicicne and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Gomathi Periasamy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Biruk Sintayehu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos Hiben
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
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Yang X, Niu K, Zhang X, Gao B, Feng B, Si H. The effectiveness and safety of cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection in promoting fracture healing after bone fracture surgeries: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14571. [PMID: 30762805 PMCID: PMC6408092 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone fractures are a common occurrence, and, according to clinical investigations, approximately 5% to 10% of patients with fractures will suffer from delayed healing or even non-healing. The high efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting fracture healing has been fully verified over a long history of diagnosis and treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of applying Chinese herbs to treat fractures. Cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection has been widely used to promote fracture healing after fracture surgery in clinic, but its efficacy and safety are controversial. For the above reasons, the purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection in promoting fracture healing after bone fracture surgeries and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of appropriate treatment measures for delayed healing of patients with fractures. METHODS A total of 8 databases were searched, including the non-Chinese-language databases PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase and the Chinese databases Chongqing VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang Data), SinoMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The databases were queried for publicly released randomized controlled trials of the effectiveness and safety of Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection for fracture healing after surgical treatment, and no language restrictions were imposed. The software Review Manager 5.3 was used to evaluate the quality of the selected documents, and Stata 12.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS This review will be to assess the efficacy and safety of cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection in promoting fracture healing after bone fracture surgeries. CONCLUSION Our study will use systematic evaluation to objectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of cervus and cucumis polypeptide injection in promoting fracture healing after fracture surgery. It will provide theoretical basis for guiding clinical practice and benefit more patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is a systematic review that does not require ethical approval and meets the requirements of protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. At the same time, this study does not involve the recruitment of patients. All data are from published academic papers. PROTOCOL AND REGISTRATION A protocol had been registered for this systematic review and meta-analysis in PROSPERO. (registration number: CRD42019120965).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | | | - Bo Feng
- Department of Hand, Foot and Ankie Surgery
| | - Ha Si
- Department of Orthopaedics, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Kazi TG, Brahman KD, Baig JA, Afridi HI. A new efficient indigenous material for simultaneous removal of fluoride and inorganic arsenic species from groundwater. J Hazard Mater 2018; 357:159-167. [PMID: 29886360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contaminated groundwater is one of emerging environmental issue in Pakistan and biosorbent considered to be the best alternative to improve the quality of groundwater. Thus, an indigenous biosorbent, Cucumis pubescens (peel of fruit) has been carried out efficiently for simultaneous removal of arsenic species and fluoride from groundwater. The characterization of bio-sorbent for removal of As species (AsIII, AsV) and F- was studied by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Batch experiments were carried out for the optimization of adsorption capacity at different parameters such as pH (3-11), concentration of biosorbates (100-500 μg/L) for As species and F- ion), biosorbent dose (2-6 g/L), contact time (10-60 min) and temperature (303-323 K). The influence of common ions was also investigated. The different biosorption isotherms were applied to determine the most appropriate equilibrium curves for the removal/biosorption of As species and F- by a biosorbents. The mean sorption energy calculated from Dubinin-Radushkevich model, indicated chemisorptions phenomena. Thermodynamic parameters indicated the biosorption phenomena of AsIII, AsV and F- ions were spontaneous and exothermic. The removal study of study analytes indicated that the sorption kinetics based on pseudo-second-order equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Kapil Dev Brahman
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
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Takeuchi K. GABA, A Primary Metabolite Controlled by the Gac/Rsm Regulatory Pathway, Favors a Planktonic Over a Biofilm Lifestyle in Pseudomonas protegens CHA0. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2018; 31:274-282. [PMID: 28990487 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-17-0120-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and other fluorescent pseudomonads, the Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway is crucial for the expression of secondary metabolism and the biological control of fungi, nematodes, and insects. Based on the findings of a previous metabolomic study, the role of intracellular γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) as a potential signal in the Gac/Rsm pathway was investigated herein. The function and regulation of a gabDT (c01870-c01880) gene cluster in strain CHA0 were described. The gabT gene encoded GABA transaminase (GABAT) and enabled the growth of the bacterium on GABA, whereas the upstream gabD gene (annotated as a gene encoding succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) had an unknown function. A gacA mutant exhibited low GABAT activity, leading to the markedly greater intracellular accumulation of GABA than in the wild type. In the gacA mutant, the RsmA and RsmE proteins caused translational gabD repression, with concomitant gabT repression. Due to very low GABAT activity, the gabT mutant accumulated GABA to high levels. This trait promoted a planktonic lifestyle, reduced biofilm formation, and favored root colonization without exhibiting the highly pleiotropic gacA phenotypes. These results suggest an important role of GABA in the Gac/Rsm-regulated niche adaptation of strain CHA0 to plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Takeuchi
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
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12
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Guan W, Zhao X, Huber DJ, Sims CA. Instrumental and sensory analyses of quality attributes of grafted specialty melons. J Sci Food Agric 2015; 95:2989-2995. [PMID: 25512001 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soilborne disease management remains a great challenge in melon production with the phaseout of soil fumigant methyl bromide. Grafting has been shown to be an effective approach to control soilborne diseases. However, previous research has yielded mixed results regarding the impacts of rootstock on fruit quality. Very few studies have assessed melon quality attributes using both sensory evaluation and instrumental methods. RESULTS Galia melon 'Arava' (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.) and honeydew melon 'Honey Yellow' (C. melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) were grafted onto commercial hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) rootstocks and root-knot nematode-resistant Cucumis metulifer E. Mey. ex Naud. rootstock. The grafting combinations were evaluated under different production conditions. Grafting with hybrid squash rootstocks resulted in reduced soluble solids content (SSC) and decreased sensory ratings of 'Arava' fruit. By contrast with grafted 'Arava', grafted 'Honey Yellow' did not exhibit significant differences in sensory properties and instrumental measurements regardless of production conditions and rootstock selection. CONCLUSION The effects of grafting on fruit quality attributes differed between the two distinctive types of melon scion used. Potential negative impacts of rootstocks on melon fruit quality need to be considered in the selection and use of disease-resistant rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Donald J Huber
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Charles A Sims
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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13
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Abstract
CONTEXT Cucumis prophetarum Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) fruit is used for inflammatory-related problems and is proved to be possessing anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. OBJECTIVE The present investigation was to study the effect of different fractions of C. prophetarum on antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous crude extract (CE) of C. prophetarum fruits was fractionated into water soluble fraction 1 (F1), chloroform fraction 2 (F2), basic fraction 3 (F3), and neutral fraction 4 (F4) by acid-base extraction. CE and its fractions at different doses (0.02-0.1 mg/mL) were subjected to antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays) and antioxidant (DPPH, superoxide radical scavenging (SO) and metal chelation) evaluation. RESULTS F1 exhibited effective antidiabetic activity (p < 0.05) with an IC50 value of 20.6 and 59.9 µg/mL. The activity decreased in the order of CE > F4 > F3 > F2, according to α-amylase assay, which were the same, with the exception of the rank order of F4 and CE, as the α-glucosidase assay. Furthermore, F1 (IC50 = 73 µg/mL) showed better reducing ability than CE >F4 >F2 > F3 (IC50 = 78-272 µg/mL), according to the DPPH assay. In SO and metal chelation assays, F1 showed the highest activity (IC50 = 101 and 147 µg/mL), respectively; the activity decreased in the order of CE >F4 >F3 > F2 (IC50 = 126-469 µg/mL) for SO and 194-944 µg/mL for metal chelation assay. CONCLUSION The results indicate that F1 possesses potent in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.
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Zhao T, Wang Q, Li J, Qiao X, Xu Z. Study on an electrochromatography method based on organic-inorganic hybrid molecularly imprinted monolith for determination of trace trichlorfon in vegetables. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:1974-1980. [PMID: 24323896 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides have been widely used in agricultural production. However, the wide use of organophosphate also results in pesticide residues on the plant, which are harmful to human health because of their potential mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, it is vital to develop a sensitive and effective analysis method to control pesticide residues. RESULTS In this study, a novel molecularly imprinted capillary monolithic column was prepared using trichlorfon as the template molecule by combining non-hydrolytic sol-gel process with a molecular imprinting technique. The resulting material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. Under capillary electrochromatography, the effects of voltage, pH, ACN content and concentration of buffer solution on the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) of imprinted capillary monolithic column were evaluated in detail. Using this prepared material as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography, a novel method of molecularly imprinted capillary electrochromatography (MICEC) for the detection of trace trichlorfon residues in vegetables was developed. Under optimal conditions, appreciable sensitivity was achieved with a LOD (S/N = 3) of 92.5 µg kg(-1) and method quantitation limit (MQL) of 305.3 µg kg(-1), respectively. The linear ranges of the calibration graph were 0.1 µg L(-1) to 10 mg L(-1). The peak area precision (RSD) for five replicate extractions of 0.01 mg L(-1) trichlorfon standard aqueous solution was 4.5%. To evaluate the accuracy of this method, the blank cucumber and cauliflower samples spiked with trichlorfon were extracted and analyzed by this method with good recoveries, ranging from 80.2% to 95.8%. Moreover, this method was successfully applied to the quantitative detection of the trichlorfon residues in leek samples. CONCLUSION With good properties of high sensitivity and simple pre-treatment, this MICEC method could provide a new tool for the rapid determination of trace trichlorfon residue in complex food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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15
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Ahn JH, Kim BC, Kim BY, Kim SJ, Song J, Kwon SW, Weon HY. Paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. isolated from greenhouse soil. J Microbiol 2014; 52:460-4. [PMID: 24871973 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-4071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Strain CO 4-7(T) was isolated from greenhouse soil used for cultivation of cucumbers in Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CO 4-7(T) showed the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6(T) (94.2%) among the type strains. Strain CO 4-7(T) was a strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, and motile rodshaped bacterium. Strain CO 4-7(T) grew at 10-45°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 6.0-7.5 (optimum, pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0-5% NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). The DNA G+C content of strain CO 4-7(T) was 48.5 mol%. It contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15:0 (51.8%), C16:0 (12.7%), and iso-C16:0 (8.6%) as the major fatty acids. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that strain CO 4-7T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which, the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CO 4-7(T) (=KACC 17444(T)=JCM 19515(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyung Ahn
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-707, Republic of Korea
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Hosseinzade S, Izadi H, Namvar P, Samih MA. Biology, temperature thresholds, and degree-day requirements for development of the cucumber moth, Diaphania indica, under laboratory conditions. J Insect Sci 2014; 14:61. [PMID: 25373208 PMCID: PMC4207519 DOI: 10.1093/jis/14.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cucumber moth, Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a tropical and sub-tropical cucurbits pest and a key greenhouse pest in the Jiroft region of Iran. In this study, the effect of different temperatures on the development of this pest was investigated on cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae), leaves in a growth chamber at various constant temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35ºC). The results indicated that the development period from egg to adult death at the decreased with increasing temperature. Mortality was greatest at 35ºC. Based on a linear model, the highest and lowest temperature thresholds were recorded for male insects and pupal stage as 16ºC and 9.04ºC with thermal constants of 100 and 144.92 degree days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Hosseinzade
- Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Izadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Pyman Namvar
- Plant Pests and Diseases Research Center, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mohamad Amin Samih
- Department of Plant Protection, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran
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17
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Salahuddin M, Jalalpure SS. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous fruit extract of Cucumis trigonus Roxb. in streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:565-567. [PMID: 19854256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cucumis trigonus Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae) fruit is used in the Indian traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Based on a number of reports on the blood glucose level reduction and the other complications of diabetes associated with some Cucurbitaceae plants, the antidiabetic effect of Cucumis trigonus fruit was investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antidiabetic action of the aqueous extract of Cucumis trigonus fruits in the different models of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Cucumis trigonus fruit was evaluated by using normal and streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats. The acute effect of aqueous extract was evaluated by administering 500 mg/kg p.o. to normoglycemic rats. In the chronic model, the aqueous extract was administered to normal and STZ-induced-diabetic rats at dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. per day for 21 days. Blood glucose levels and body weights were monitored at specific intervals and different biochemical parameters were also carried out. RESULTS The statistical data indicated the significant increase in the body weight, liver glycogen and serum insulin level and decrease in the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, total cholesterol and serum triglycerides. HDL cholesterol level was significantly increased when treated with the extract. CONCLUSION The aqueous fruit extract of Cucumis trigonus has had beneficial effects in reducing the elevated blood glucose level and lipid profile of STZ-induced-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Salahuddin
- KLE University, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
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18
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An YJ. Toxicity of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) mixtures to Sorghum bicolor and Cucumis sativus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2004; 72:1006-1011. [PMID: 15266698 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-004-0343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y J An
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences (BK21), Seoul National University, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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19
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has become a global epidemic. Modern medicines, despite offering a variety of effective treatment options, can have several adverse effects. Ayurveda, a science that uses herbal medicines extensively, originated in India. Of considerable interest is the adoption of Ayurveda by the mainstream medical system in some European countries (e.g., Hungary), emphasizing this modality is increasing worldwide recognition. From ancient times, some of these herbal preparations have been used in the treatment of diabetes. This paper reviews the accumulated literature for 10 Indian herbs that have antidiabetic activity and that have been scientifically tested. Few of these herbs, such as Momordica charantia, Pterocarpus marsupium, and Trigonella foenum greacum, have been reported to be beneficial for treating type 2 diabetes. Mechanisms such as the stimulating or regenerating effect on beta cells or extrapancreatic effects are proposed for the hypoglycemic action of these herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Saxena
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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20
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Iglesias MT, De Lorenzo C, Del Carmen Polo M, Martín-Alvarez PJ, Pueyo E. Usefulness of amino acid composition to discriminate between honeydew and floral honeys. Application to honeys from a small geographic area. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52:84-89. [PMID: 14709017 DOI: 10.1021/jf030454q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of finding methods that could constitute a solid alternative to melissopalynological and physicochemical analyses to determine the botanical origin (floral or honeydew) of honeys, the free amino acid content of 46 honey samples has been determined. The honeys were collected in a small geographic area of approximately 2000 km(2) in central Spain. Twenty-seven honey samples were classified as floral and 19 as honeydew according to their palynological and physicochemical analyses. The resulting data have been subjected to different multivariant analysis techniques. One hundred percent of honey samples have been correctly classified into either the floral or the honeydew groups, according to their content in glutamic acid and tryptophan. It is concluded that free amino acids are good indicators of the botanical origin of honeys, saving time compared with more tedious analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto Madrileño de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria, IMIA, Finca El Encín, Apartado 127, 28800 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Li AY, Dennehy TJ, Nichols RL. Baseline susceptibility and development of resistance to pyriproxyfen in Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Arizona. J Econ Entomol 2003; 96:1307-1314. [PMID: 14503605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen (Knack) was registered in Arizona cotton, as the crucial component of a resistance management plan, to control whitefly Bemisia argentifolii (Bellows & Perring) in 1996. A statewide monitoring program was implemented at the same time to detect and monitor whitefly resistance to this novel insecticide. Bioassays involving dipping of leaves infested with whitefly eggs showed that all Arizona whiteflies tested were highly susceptible to pyriproxyfen in 1996. The LC50 estimates were in the range of 0.0020-0.0067 microg (AI)/ml. Two diagnostic pyriproxyfen concentrations, 0.01 and 0.1 microg (AI)/ml, were established for efficient identification of resistant whiteflies. No resistance to pyriproxyfen was detected in whiteflies in statewide surveys conducted in 1997 and 1998. Mean mortality at 0.01 microg (AI)/ml dropped significantly, and survivors were detected for the first time at 0.1 microg (AI)/ml in 1999, the fourth year of use of pyriproxyfen in Arizona cotton. Among the five cotton locations monitored each year since 1996, four of them had whiteflies with significantly reduced susceptibility to pyriproxyfen in 1999. Similarly, reduced susceptibility to pyriproxyfen was detected in whiteflies collected from fall melons and greenhouses in 1999. Although there have been no reports of field failures of pyriproxyfen in Arizona cotton, the reduced susceptibility of whiteflies from statewide survey in 1999 was significant. The results may indicate the development of an early stage of resistance to pyriproxyfen, and the findings should serve as early warning and substantiation of the high resistance risk of pyriproxyfen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Li
- Extension Arthropod Resistance Management Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) RNA 2, a whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted closterovirus with a bi-partite genome, is reported. CYSDV RNA 2 is 7,281 nucleotides long and contains the closterovirus hallmark gene array with a similar arrangement to the prototype member of the genus Crinivirus, Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV). CYSDV RNA 2 contains open reading frames (ORFs) potentially encoding in a 5' to 3' direction for proteins of 5 kDa (ORF 1; hydrophobic protein), 62 kDa (ORF 2; heat shock protein 70 homolog, HSP70h), 59 kDa (ORF 3; protein of unknown function), 9 kDa (ORF 4; protein of unknown function), 28.5 kDa (ORF 5; coat protein, CP), 53 kDa (ORF 6; coat protein minor, CPm), and 26.5 kDa (ORF 7; protein of unknown function). Pairwise comparisons of CYSDV RNA 2-encoded proteins (HSP70h, p59 and CPm) among the closteroviruses showed that CYSDV is closely related to LIYV. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of the HSP70h, indicated that CYSDV clusters with other members of the genus Crinivirus, and it is related to Little cherry virus-1 (LChV-1), but is distinct from the aphid- or mealybug-transmitted closteroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis C Livieratos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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Liang G, Liu TX. Repellency of a kaolin particle film, Surround, and a mineral oil, Sunspray oil, to silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on melon in the laboratory. J Econ Entomol 2002; 95:317-324. [PMID: 12020007 DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-95.2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surround, a kaolin-based particle film formulation, and Sunspray oil, a mineral oil, were evaluated alone or in combination in choice and no-choice laboratory assays on melon leaves for repellency to adults of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. In no-choice tests, the number of adults and eggs on leaves did not significantly differ among the three treatments and the water control when materials were applied to either the tipper or lower leaf surface. Significantly fewer adults and eggs were found on treated leaves compared with water when materials were applied to both leaf surfaces. Application of Surround did not affect the oviposition pattern, with 80.2-88.5% eggs oviposited on lower surface. However, whiteflies oviposited more eggs (53.1-63.8%) on the upper compared with the lower surface when Sunspray oil or Surround + Sunspray oil was applied on the lower leaf surface and both leaf surfaces. When whiteflies were allowed to choose among leaves treated with different materials on the same leaf surface(s), significantly fewer adults and eggs were found on treated leaves compared with water-treated leaves, and more adults and eggs were found on leaves when the materials were applied to tipper versus lower or both surfaces. Leaves treated with materials on both leaf surfaces had fewer whiteflies compared with leaves treated on the upper or lower surface. When whiteflies were allowed to choose among leaves treated with materials versus water-treated leaves in a 6:3 or an 8:1 ratio, significantly fewer adults and eggs were found on leaves treated with treatment materials compared with water, regardless of which leaf surface(s) were treated. No significant synergistic or additive effect was detected in Surround + Sunspray oil compared with either material used separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemei Liang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, Weslaco 78596-8399, USA.
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Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value of melon husk (MH). Results showed that MH was low in crude protein but very high in crude fibre, ash and ether extract. The elemental analysis showed that MH was also high in calcium and phosphorus content. However, when MH was incorporated into starter diets of chicks, body weight gain decreased with increase in the level of MH in the diets. Birds fed on a 10% MH diet were superior to others in body weight gain (10.45 g/bird/day). Results of feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization were also superior on 10% MH diet with values of 43.07 g/bird/day and 4.12 recorded, respectively. The dietary treatment had significant effect (p < 0.05) on the protein efficiency ratio, which decreased with increase in level of MH in the diets. However, there appeared to be no treatment effects on haematological parameters. Up to 10% MH can replace maize in the starter diet of cockerels without adverse effect on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Abiola
- Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Egounlety M, Aworh OC, Akingbala JO, Houben JH, Nago MC. Nutritional and sensory evaluation of tempe-fortified maize-based weaning foods. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2002; 53:15-27. [PMID: 11820093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Maize-based weaning foods prepared from whole maize meal or dehydrated fermented maize (ogi) flour fortified with soybean, cowpea or groundbean tempe, with or without the addition of melon seed flour were fed to 40 albino weanling rats. The nutrient quality of the weaning foods was monitored by the measurement of protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR), true digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU). Amino acid composition and amino acid scores were determined. The weaning foods were also evaluated for sensory properties and acceptability by nursing mothers and their children. Protein efficiency ratio, net protein retention and net protein utilization of the fortified weaning foods were not significantly different (P > 0.05) when compared to casein diet (control). True digestibility of tempe-fortified maize-based weaning foods averaged 85.4 +/- 3.4% compared to 94.4%, for casein diet. Results from sensory analysis showed that relative to tempe-fortified maize-based weaning foods, most mothers preferred Cerelac, a commercial weaning food, and its porridge because of its vanillic flavour and sweet taste. Despite the low scores recorded for aroma and taste of tempe-fortified maize-based weaning foods, most mothers and their children found porridges prepared from these foods acceptable, with a preference for ogi fortified with cowpea tempe. Tempe-fortified maize-based weaning foods had high protein quality and can support the growth of infants in developing countries especially during the critical weaning period (6-12 months). They were comparable to Cerelac, a commercial baby food in colour and texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Egounlety
- Département de Nutrition & Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université Nationale du Bénin, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin
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Wang X, Wang Y, Chunsheng Y, Wang L, Han S. Mechanism-based quantitative structure-phytotoxicity relationships comparative inhibition of substituted phenols on root elongation of Cucumis sativus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2002; 42:29-35. [PMID: 11706365 DOI: 10.1007/s002440010288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2001] [Accepted: 07/20/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of selected substituted phenols to Cucumis sativus (log1/RC50, root elongation half inhibition concentration [mol/L] in logarithmic form) was determined by using a root elongation inhibition method and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed. Hydrophobicity, described by 1-octanol/water partition coefficient in logarithmic form (log Kow) and electronic effect (characterized by the energy of the lowest unoccupied orbital, Elumo) proved to contribute mainly to the phytotoxicity of phenols in this study. Log Kow was used as a probe to classify the tested chemicals into subsets according to the modes of toxic action. The result indicated that the substituted phenols fell into two classes in general: narcotic phenols and bioreactive phenols. Most phenols elicited their toxic response via a polar narcosis mechanism and an excellent log Kow-dependent QSAR was developed (log1/RC50 = 0.94 log Kow + 2.04, n = 22, r2adj = 0.89). Selected phenols with bioreactive substructures exhibited elevated bioreactive toxicity and a strong Elumo-dependent correlation was achieved (log1/RC50 = -0.91 Elumo + 2.73, n = 6, r2adj = 0.81). This implied that their reactive toxicity involved mainly their in vivo electrophilic reactions. In an effort to model all chemicals without regard to their mechanisms, a highly predictive response-surface was developed with the phytotoxicity, hydrophobicity, and electrophilic reactivity (log1/RC50 = 0.66 log Kow - 0.57 Elumo + 2.31, n = 28, r2adj = 0.88).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, The School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
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Abstract
An alcoholic extract of Cucumis trigonus was studied for its diuretic activity in albino rats using hydrochlorothiazide as a standard drug for comparison. The extract exhibited a dose-dependent saliuretic effect reaching a peak at 4 hours. Unlike hydrochlorothiazide, the extract does not affect potassium excretion.
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RUBIN BA, ZELENEVA IV. [CHANGES OF THE CYTOCHROME OXIDASE AND PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN CUCUMBER LEAVES INFECTED WITH THE CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS]. Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 1964; 157:720-2. [PMID: 14262615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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BELTIUKOVA KI, KOROLEVA IB, SAMOILENKO VI. [USE OF TRICHODERMA 5320 (TRICHODERMA KOMINGI OUD.) AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS LACHRYMANS (E. SMITH, A. BRYAN) CARSNER, A CAUSATIVE AGENT OF ANGULAR LEAF SPOT OF CUCUMBER]. Mikrobiol Zh 1964; 26:8-11. [PMID: 14301136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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HARRISON BD, PIERPOINT WS. The Relation of Polyphenoloxidase in Leaf Extracts to the Instability of Cucumber Mosaic and Other Plant Viruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963; 32:417-27. [PMID: 14058992 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-32-3-417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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CHENTSOV BV. [On the antimicrobial action of the tissues of Ctenophora Beroe cucumis fabr]. Antibiotiki 1962; 7:900-2. [PMID: 14020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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HALEVY AH. Inverse effect of gibberellin and Amo-1618 on growth, catalase and peroxidase activity in cucumber seedlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1962; 18:74-6. [PMID: 13903814 DOI: 10.1007/bf02138265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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HAMILTON IR, JOHNSTON RA. Studies on Cucumber Softening under Commercial Salt-Stock Conditions in Ontario. Appl Microbiol 1961; 9:128-34. [PMID: 13711015 PMCID: PMC1057689 DOI: 10.1128/am.9.2.128-134.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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RAGHEB HS, FABIAN FW. Addition of sugar, amino acids and corn steep liquor to cucumber fermentation. Appl Microbiol 1957; 5:253-61. [PMID: 13459315 PMCID: PMC1057300 DOI: 10.1128/am.5.4.253-261.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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PROTSENKO AE, NESTEROVA AM. [Cucumber white mosaic]. Tr Latv Padomju Soc Repub Zinat Akad Mikrobiol Inst 1955:213-9. [PMID: 13312086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
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DAMANSKY AF, RAKIC GL, STANIMIROVIC SG. [Distribution of vitamin C in the cucumber]. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 1952; 34:819-20. [PMID: 13019467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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RAYMOND WD. Notes on a poisonous East African species of wild cucumber ( Cucumis aculeatus). East Afr Med J 1947; 24:450. [PMID: 18912792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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