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Mulholland M, Depuydt MAC, Jakobsson G, Ljungcrantz I, Grentzmann A, To F, Bengtsson E, Jaensson Gyllenbäck E, Grönberg C, Rattik S, Liberg D, Schiopu A, Björkbacka H, Kuiper J, Bot I, Slütter B, Engelbertsen D. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein blockade limits the development of atherosclerosis and reduces plaque inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:581-595. [PMID: 38563353 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is a co-receptor required for signalling through the IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 receptors. Using a novel anti-IL1RAP-blocking antibody, we investigated the role of IL1RAP in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing data from human atherosclerotic plaques revealed the expression of IL1RAP and several IL1RAP-related cytokines and receptors, including IL1B and IL33. Histological analysis showed the presence of IL1RAP in both the plaque and adventitia, and flow cytometry of murine atherosclerotic aortas revealed IL1RAP expression on plaque leucocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages. High-cholesterol diet fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were treated with a novel non-depleting IL1RAP-blocking antibody or isotype control for the last 6 weeks of diet. IL1RAP blockade in mice resulted in a 20% reduction in subvalvular plaque size and limited the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in plaques and of T cells in adventitia, compared with control mice. Indicative of reduced plaque inflammation, the expression of several genes related to leucocyte recruitment, including Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, was reduced in brachiocephalic arteries of anti-IL1RAP-treated mice, and the expression of these chemokines in human plaques was mainly restricted to CD68+ myeloid cells. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 induced CXCL1 release from both macrophages and fibroblasts, which could be mitigated by IL1RAP blockade. CONCLUSION Limiting IL1RAP-dependent cytokine signalling pathways in atherosclerotic mice reduces plaque burden and plaque inflammation, potentially by limiting plaque chemokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mulholland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cardiac Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Irena Ljungcrantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andrietta Grentzmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fong To
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Matrix and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Matrix and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sara Rattik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Cantargia AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cardiac Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Cellular Metabolism and Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Engelbertsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research-Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Jafariaghdam N, Khoshmirsafa M, Zamani A, Talebi-Ghane E, Moradi S, Shahba F, Mazdeh M, Eftekharian MM. Different Gene Expression Patterns of IL-1 Family Members in Parkinson's Disease: Results from Bayesian Regression Model. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 23:69-81. [PMID: 38485911 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v23i1.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder lacking a recognized etiology, is influenced by oxidative stress and alterations in inflammatory cytokine levels. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of Interleukin(IL)1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), IL1β, IL1α, IL33, and IL36 genes in blood cells and serum IL-1β levels in Parkinson's disease patients compared to healthy controls (HCs).I n this case-control study, 44 Parkinson's disease patients and 44 age- and sex-matched HCs were included. Gene expression levels were assessed using Quantitative Real-time PCR, and serum IL-1β levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Advanced statistical analyses using the Bayesian regression model in R software were employed. Parkinson's disease patients exhibited elevated expression levels of IL-1RAcP and IL1β genes but decreased levels of IL1α, IL33, and IL36 compared to HCs. Age-based differences were not significant. Regarding gender, IL33 transcript levels were significantly higher in males, and serum IL-1β levels were increased in patients. Subgroup analysis by gender indicated alterations in IL1β and IL-1RAcP expression in both genders, while IL1α, IL33, and IL36 showed reduced expression only in males. Remarkably, only female patients displayed significantly higher serum IL-1β levels than female HCs. These findings suggest that dysregulation of immune-related factors plays a crucial role in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Jafariaghdam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Elahe Talebi-Ghane
- Modeling of noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Shadi Moradi
- Dept of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Shahba
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdokht Mazdeh
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Eftekharian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Kanwal A, Pardo JV, Naz S. RGS3 and IL1RAPL1 missense variants implicate defective neurotransmission in early-onset inherited schizophrenias. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E379-E390. [PMID: 36318984 PMCID: PMC9633053 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.220070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is characterized by hallucinations, delusions and disorganized behaviour. Recessive or X-linked transmissions are rarely described for common psychiatric disorders. We examined the genetics of psychosis to identify rare large-effect variants in patients with extreme schizophrenia. METHODS We recruited 2 consanguineous families, each with patients affected by early-onset, severe, treatment-resistant schizophrenia. We performed exome sequencing for all participants. We checked variant rarity in public databases and with ethnically matched controls. We performed in silico analyses to assess the effects of the variants on proteins. RESULTS Structured clinical evaluations supported diagnoses of schizophrenia in all patients and phenotypic absence in the unaffected individuals. Data analyses identified multiple variants. Only 1 variant per family was predicted as pathogenic by prediction tools. A homozygous c.649C > T:p.(Arg217Cys) variant in RGS3 and a hemizygous c.700A > G:p.(Thr234Ala) variant in IL1RAPL1 affected evolutionary conserved amino acid residues and were the most likely causes of phenotype in the patients of each family. Variants were ultra-rare in publicly available databases and absent from the DNA of 400 ethnically matched controls. RGS3 is implicated in modulating sensory behaviour in Caenorhabditis elegans. Variants of IL1RAPL1 are known to cause nonsyndromic X-linked intellectual disability with or without human behavioural dysfunction. LIMITATIONS Each variant is unique to a particular family's patients, and findings may not be replicated. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that some rare variants may be involved in causing inherited psychosis or schizophrenia. Variant-specific functional studies will elucidate the pathophysiology relevant to schizophrenias and motivate translation to personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Kanwal
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (Kanwal, Naz); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., USA (Pardo); the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn., USA (Pardo)
| | - José V Pardo
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (Kanwal, Naz); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., USA (Pardo); the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn., USA (Pardo)
| | - Sadaf Naz
- From the School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (Kanwal, Naz); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., USA (Pardo); the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minn., USA (Pardo)
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Stonys V, Lindžiūtė M, Vilkevičiūtė A, Gedvilaitė G, Kriaučiūnienė L, Banevičius M, Žemaitienė R, Liutkevičienė R. Associations between IL1RAP rs4624606, IL1RL1 rs1041973, IL-6 rs1800795, and HTRA1 rs11200638 gene polymorphisms and development of optic neuritis with or without multiple sclerosis. Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 41:325-330. [PMID: 32449403 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1768555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optic neuritis (ON) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are complex diseases with multifactorial pathogenesis. The role of genetic factors in the development of these diseases is hypothesized, and specific biochemical components involved in the pathogenesis of ON and MS are yet to be determined. The aim of our study was to determine the associations between IL1RAP rs4624606, IL1RL1 rs1041973, IL-6 rs1800795, and HTRA1 rs11200638 gene polymorphisms and development of ON with or without MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects included 80 ON patients and 146 healthy controls (HCs). Genotyping of IL1RAP rs4624606, IL1RL1 rs1041973, IL-6 rs1800795, and HTRA1 rs11200638 was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A/C genotype of IL1RL1 rs1041973 was more frequent in ON patients than in HC subjects (p = 0.026). The IL1RL1 rs1041973 A/C genotype was associated with increased odds of ON development under the overdominant (p = 0.041) model. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that IL1RAP rs4624606, IL-6 rs1800795, and HTRA1 rs11200638 are not associated with an increased risk of developing ON. However, the IL1RL1 rs1041973 A/C genotype might be associated with an increased risk of developing ON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdas Stonys
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Lindžiūtė
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvita Vilkevičiūtė
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Gedvilaitė
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loresa Kriaučiūnienė
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Banevičius
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Reda Žemaitienė
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkevičienė
- Neuroscience Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas, Lithuania
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Laino L, Bottillo I, Piedimonte C, Bernardini L, Torres B, Grammatico B, Bargiacchi S, Mulargia C, Calvani M, Cardona F, Castori M, Grammatico P. Clinical and molecular characterization of a boy with intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, minor digital anomalies and a complex IL1RAPL1 intragenic rearrangement. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:971-976. [PMID: 27470653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
X-linked intellectual disability accounts for 10-12% of cases of cognitive impairment in males. Mutations in IL1RAPL1 are an emerging form of apparently non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability. We report a 8-year-old intellectually disabled boy with speech delay, and unusual facial and digital anomalies who showed a novel and complex IL1RAPL1 rearrangement. It was defined by two intragenic non-contiguous duplications inherited from the unaffected mother. Chromosome X inactivation study on the mother's blood leukocytes, urinary sediment and buccal swab did not show a significant skewed inactivation. Comparison with previously described patients with IL1RAPL1 disruption was carried. Although data on craniofacial features were scanty in many papers, subtle facial dysmorphism with a thin upper lip seemed a quietly represented picture without any other genotype-phenotype correlations. Our study expands the molecular repertoire of IL1RAPL1 mutations in intellectual disability and points out the need of more accurate clinical descriptions to better define the related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Laino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Irene Bottillo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Unit of Cytogenetics, Mendel Laboratory, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Barbara Torres
- Unit of Cytogenetics, Mendel Laboratory, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Foundation, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Barbara Grammatico
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Bargiacchi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Mulargia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Calvani
- Division of Pediatrics, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardona
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Chen Y, Sun W, Li S, Ni J, Su Y, Wang C, Luo X, Tu W, Shen G, Gong F, Zheng F, Dong L. Preliminary study of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1(HMGB1) in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015; 33:187-194. [PMID: 25602579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the serum levels of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) between patients with AS and healthy controls, and evaluate its association with disease activities and functional abilities; to investigate the cell surface receptors related to HMGB1 in AS patients. METHODS The HMGB1 serum levels from71 previously untreated AS patients and 40 healthy controls were detected by ELISA method. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), erythrocytesedimentationrate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assessed on these participants. The mRNA expression of HMGB1 and its relevant cell surface receptors RAGE, TLR2, TLR4, and IL-1Racp complex were analysed by RT-PCR. RESULTS The HMGB1 serum levels from AS patients were significantly higher than those from healthy controls and remarkably positive correlated with BASDAI, ASDAS, BASFI, CRP, and ESR. ASDAS showed more correlated to HMGB1 serum levels than BASDAI. Besides, the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and IL-1Racp from PBMCs revealed significant correlations with the expression of HMGB1. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 might be a good laboratory index for the evaluation of disease activities and disease severity in AS patients. Further, extracellular HMGB1 play its inflammatory role mainly via the expression of cell surface receptors TLR2, TLR4 and IL-1RAcP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Ni
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenqiong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guifen Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Tsutsumi N, Kimura T, Arita K, Ariyoshi M, Ohnishi H, Yamamoto T, Zuo X, Maenaka K, Park EY, Kondo N, Shirakawa M, Tochio H, Kato Z. The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5340. [PMID: 25500532 PMCID: PMC4275594 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family and plays an important role in inflammation. The uncontrolled release of this cytokine is associated with severe chronic inflammatory disease. IL-18 forms a signalling complex with the IL-18 receptor α (Rα) and β (Rβ) chains at the plasma membrane, which induces multiple inflammatory cytokines. Here, we present a crystal structure of human IL-18 bound to the two receptor extracellular domains. Generally, the receptors' recognition mode for IL-18 is similar to IL-1β; however, certain notable differences were observed. The architecture of the IL-18 receptor second domain (D2) is unique among the other IL-1R family members, which presumably distinguishes them from the IL-1 receptors that exhibit a more promiscuous ligand recognition mode. The structures and associated biochemical and cellular data should aid in developing novel drugs to neutralize IL-18 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kyohei Arita
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mariko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ki, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate school of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Naomi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Heisei College of Health Sciences, 180 Kurono, Gifu 501-1131, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Core Research of Evolution Science (CREST), Japan Sciences and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hidehito Tochio
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Biomedical Informatics, Medical Information Sciences Division, The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Wu F, He M, Wen Q, Zhang W, Yang J, Zhang X, Wu T, Cheng L. Associations between variants in IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway genes and coronary heart disease risk. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23227-39. [PMID: 25517029 PMCID: PMC4284762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway plays an important role in coronary artery disease (CHD); however, few studies have explored how variants in IL-33/ST2 genes influence CHD risk. Here, we examined the association between genetic variants in IL-33, ST2, and IL-1RAcP of the IL-33/ST2 axis and the risk of CHD. We conducted a case-controlled study with 1146 CHD cases and 1146 age- and sex-frequency-matched controls. Twenty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-33, ST2, and IL-1RAcP were genotyped by Sequenom MassArray and TaqMan assay. Logistic regression was used to analyze these associations. The SNP rs4624606 in IL-1RAcP was nominally associated with CHD risk. The AA genotype was associated with a 1.85-fold increased risk of CHD (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-3.36; p = 0.045) compared to the TT genotype. Further analysis showed that AA carriers also had a higher risk of CHD than TT + TA carriers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.85-3.35; p = 0.043). However, no significant association was observed between variants in IL-33/ST2 genes and CHD risk. Further studies are needed to replicate our results in other ethnic groups with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Mei'an He
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 HangKong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 HangKong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 HangKong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Longxian Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Bozaoglu K, Attard C, Kulkarni H, Cummings N, Diego VP, Carless MA, Shields KA, Johnson MP, Kowlessur S, Dyer TD, Comuzzie AG, Almasy L, Zimmet P, Moses EK, Göring HHH, Curran JE, Blangero J, Jowett JBM. Plasma levels of soluble interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein are reduced in obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3435-43. [PMID: 24915116 PMCID: PMC4154095 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipokines actuate chronic, low-grade inflammation through a complex network of immune markers, but the current understanding of these networks is incomplete. The soluble isoform of the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (sIL1RAP) occupies an important position in the inflammatory pathways involved in obesity. The pathogenetic and clinical influences of sIL1RAP are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to elucidate whether plasma levels of sIL1RAP are reduced in obesity, using affluent clinical, biochemical, and genetic data from two diverse cohorts. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted in two cohorts: the San Antonio Family Heart Study (n = 1397 individuals from 42 families) and South Asians living in Mauritius, n = 230). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma sIL1RAP levels were measured using an ELISA. The genetic basis of sIL1RAP levels were investigated using both a large-scale gene expression profiling study and a genome-wide association study. RESULTS A significant decrease in plasma sIL1RAP levels were observed in obese subjects, even after adjustment for age and sex. The sIL1RAP levels demonstrated a strong inverse association with obesity measures in both populations. All associations were more significant in females. Plasma sIL1RAP levels were significantly heritable, correlated with IL1RAP transcript levels (NM_134470), showed evidence for shared genetic influences with obesity measures and were significantly associated with the rs2885373 single-nucleotide polymorphism (P = 6.7 × 10(-23)) within the IL1RAP gene. CONCLUSIONS Plasma sIL1RAP levels are reduced in obesity and can potentially act as biomarkers of obesity. Mechanistic studies are required to understand the exact contribution of sIL1RAP to the pathogenesis of obesity.
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Michaud N, Al-Akoum M, Akoum A. Blood soluble interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein levels are consistently low throughout the menstrual cycle of women with endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:51. [PMID: 24935223 PMCID: PMC4072478 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deficiency in the counter-regulatory mechanisms of interleukin 1 (IL1) may play a significant role in endometriosis pathogenesis and associated chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate peripheral blood levels of soluble IL1 receptor accessory protein (sIL1RAP), a potent natural inhibitor of IL1, in women with and without endometriosis. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from women with endometriosis (n = 47) consulting for infertility, pelvic pain or tubal ligation, in whom the disease was diagnosed at laparoscopy. Control healthy women (n = 27) were requesting tubal ligation or reanastomosis and had no visible evidence of endometriosis at laparoscopy. sIL1RAP levels were determined by ELISA, whereas estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were determined by competitive immunoassays. RESULTS sIL1RAP levels were significantly decreased in women with early endometriosis stages compared to controls (p < 0.05) and markedly during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle (p < 0.001). Actually, while sIL1RAP were significantly increased in the proliferative compared to the secretory phase in normal women (p < 0.0001) and peaked at the end of this phase, sIL1RAP remained consistently low and showed non-significant variations throughout the menstrual cycle in women with endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Lower circulating levels of sIL1RAP points to a significant impairment in the counter-regulatory mechanisms of IL1, which in view of the cytokine's potent inflammatory and growth-promoting properties may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Michaud
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, 10, rue de l’Espinay, Québec D0-711, Canada
| | - Mahera Al-Akoum
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, 10, rue de l’Espinay, Québec D0-711, Canada
| | - Ali Akoum
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital Saint-François d’Assise, 10, rue de l’Espinay, Québec D0-711, Canada
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11
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Savenije OE, Mahachie John JM, Granell R, Kerkhof M, Dijk FN, de Jongste JC, Smit HA, Brunekreef B, Postma DS, Van Steen K, Henderson J, Koppelman GH. Association of IL33-IL-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1) pathway polymorphisms with wheezing phenotypes and asthma in childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:170-7. [PMID: 24568840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies identified IL33 and IL-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1)/IL18R1 as asthma susceptibility loci. IL33 and IL1RL1 constitute a single ligand-receptor pathway. OBJECTIVE In 2 birth cohorts, the Prevalence and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) study and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we analyzed associations of longitudinal wheezing phenotypes and asthma with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 8 genes encoding IL-33, IL1RL1, its coreceptor IL1RAcP, its adaptors myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Toll-IL-11 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), and the downstream IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Furthermore, we investigated whether SNPs in this pathway show replicable evidence of gene-gene interaction. METHODS Ninety-four SNPs were investigated in 2007 children in the PIAMA study and 7247 children in ALSPAC. Associations with wheezing phenotypes and asthma at 8 years of age were analyzed in each cohort and subsequently meta-analyzed. Gene-gene interactions were assessed through model-based multifactor dimensionality reduction in the PIAMA study, and gene-gene interactions of 10 SNP pairs were further evaluated. RESULTS Intermediate-onset wheeze was associated with SNPs in several genes in the IL33-IL1RL1 pathway after applying multiple testing correction in the meta-analysis: 2 IL33 SNPs (rs4742170 and rs7037276), 1 IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) SNP (rs10513854), and 1 TRAF6 SNP (rs5030411). Late-onset wheeze was associated with 2 IL1RL1 SNPs (rs10208293 and rs13424006), and persistent wheeze was associated with 1 IL33 SNP (rs1342326) and 1 IL1RAP SNP (rs9290936). IL33 and IL1RL1 SNPs were nominally associated with asthma. Three SNP pairs showed interaction for asthma in the PIAMA study but not in ALSPAC. CONCLUSIONS IL33-IL1RL1 pathway polymorphisms are associated with asthma and specific wheezing phenotypes; that is, most SNPs are associated with intermediate-onset wheeze, a phenotype closely associated with sensitization. We speculate that IL33-IL1RL1 pathway polymorphisms affect development of wheeze and subsequent asthma through sensitization in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Savenije
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jestinah M Mahachie John
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Raquel Granell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marjan Kerkhof
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Nicole Dijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Department of Pediatrics/Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Smit
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- Systems and Modeling Unit, Montefiore Institute, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Bioinformatics and Modeling, GIGA-R, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - John Henderson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Acuner Ozbabacan SE, Gursoy A, Nussinov R, Keskin O. The structural pathway of interleukin 1 (IL-1) initiated signaling reveals mechanisms of oncogenic mutations and SNPs in inflammation and cancer. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003470. [PMID: 24550720 PMCID: PMC3923659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a large cytokine family closely related to innate immunity and inflammation. IL-1 proteins are key players in signaling pathways such as apoptosis, TLR, MAPK, NLR and NF-κB. The IL-1 pathway is also associated with cancer, and chronic inflammation increases the risk of tumor development via oncogenic mutations. Here we illustrate that the structures of interfaces between proteins in this pathway bearing the mutations may reveal how. Proteins are frequently regulated via their interactions, which can turn them ON or OFF. We show that oncogenic mutations are significantly at or adjoining interface regions, and can abolish (or enhance) the protein-protein interaction, making the protein constitutively active (or inactive, if it is a repressor). We combine known structures of protein-protein complexes and those that we have predicted for the IL-1 pathway, and integrate them with literature information. In the reconstructed pathway there are 104 interactions between proteins whose three dimensional structures are experimentally identified; only 15 have experimentally-determined structures of the interacting complexes. By predicting the protein-protein complexes throughout the pathway via the PRISM algorithm, the structural coverage increases from 15% to 71%. In silico mutagenesis and comparison of the predicted binding energies reveal the mechanisms of how oncogenic and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations can abrogate the interactions or increase the binding affinity of the mutant to the native partner. Computational mapping of mutations on the interface of the predicted complexes may constitute a powerful strategy to explain the mechanisms of activation/inhibition. It can also help explain how an oncogenic mutation or SNP works. Structural pathways are important because they provide insight into signaling mechanisms; help understand the mechanism of disease-related mutations; and help in drug discovery. While extremely useful, common pathway diagrams lacking structural data are unable to provide mechanistic insight to explain oncogenic mutations or SNPs. Here we focus on the construction of the IL-1 structural pathway and map oncogenic mutations and SNPs to complexes in this pathway. Our results indicate that computational modeling of protein-protein interactions on a large scale can provide accurate, structural atom-level detail of signaling pathways in the human cell and help delineate the mechanism through which a mutation leads to disease. We show that the mutations either thwart the interactions, activating the proteins even in their absence or stabilize them, leading to the same uncontrolled outcome. Computational mapping of mutations on the interface of the predicted complexes may constitute an effective strategy to explain the mechanisms of mutations- constitutive activation or deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Ece Acuner Ozbabacan
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Attila Gursoy
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail: (AG); (OK)
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Sackler Inst. of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics and College of Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail: (AG); (OK)
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Hayashi T, Yoshida T, Ra M, Taguchi R, Mishina M. IL1RAPL1 associated with mental retardation and autism regulates the formation and stabilization of glutamatergic synapses of cortical neurons through RhoA signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66254. [PMID: 23785489 PMCID: PMC3681934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1) is associated with X-linked mental retardation and autism spectrum disorder. We found that IL1RAPL1 regulates synapse formation of cortical neurons. To investigate how IL1RAPL1 controls synapse formation, we here screened IL1RAPL1-interacting proteins by affinity chromatography and mass spectroscopy. IL1RAPL1 interacted with Mcf2-like (Mcf2l), a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, through the cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor domain. Knockdown of endogenous Mcf2l and treatment with an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), the downstream kinase of RhoA, suppressed IL1RAPL1-induced excitatory synapse formation of cortical neurons. Furthermore, we found that the expression of IL1RAPL1 affected the turnover of AMPA receptor subunits. Insertion of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors to the cell surface was decreased, whereas that of AMPA receptors composed of GluA2/3 was enhanced. Mcf2l knockdown and ROCK inhibitor treatment diminished the IL1RAPL1-induced changes of AMPA receptor subunit insertions. Our results suggest that Mcf2l-RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway mediates IL1RAPL1-dependent formation and stabilization of glutamatergic synapses of cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Moonjin Ra
- Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Taguchi
- Department of Metabolome, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mishina
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Science Laboratory, The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zmijewska A, Franczak A, Kotwica G. The interleukin-1β system in the corpora lutea of pigs during early pregnancy and the estrous cycle. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 98:61-8. [PMID: 23473625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expression of mRNAs encoding interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-1β receptor I (IL-1RI), IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), as well as synthesis of IL-1β and IL-1RI proteins, were examined in the corpus luteum (CL) during critical stages of CL activity on days 10-16 of pregnancy and 2-16 of the estrous cycle. Luteal cells were cultured in vitro with IL-1β, and the effect on release of steroid hormones was determined. Expression of the IL-1β system in the CL changed significantly during pregnancy and the estrous cycle. IL-1β, IL-1RI, and IL-1Ra mRNA levels were elevated on days 12-13, whereas IL-1RAcP mRNA was increased on days 15-16 of pregnancy. In cyclic CL, expression of IL-1β, IL-1RI, and IL-1RAcP mRNAs was increased on days 12-13. IL-1β and IL-1RI protein were highest in the CL on days 10-11 and 8-11 of pregnancy and the estrous cycle. Luteal cells harvested from gravid and cyclic CL produced IL-1β in vitro. IL-1β increased progesterone and estradiol-17β (E2) release by luteal cells on days 10-16 and 10-11 of pregnancy, respectively and on days 2-11 of the estrous cycle. IL-1β decreased the level of E2 produced by regressed CL (days 15-16). Expression of the IL-1β system in CL and IL-1β secretion from luteal cells changed depending on the status of the CL. These data show that IL-1β may be involved in intraluteal, luteotrophic regulation of CL functions in gravid and cyclic pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zmijewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Kantojärvi K, Kotala I, Rehnström K, Ylisaukko-Oja T, Vanhala R, von Wendt TN, von Wendt L, Järvelä I. Fine mapping of Xq11.1-q21.33 and mutation screening of RPS6KA6, ZNF711, ACSL4, DLG3, and IL1RAPL2 for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism Res 2011; 4:228-33. [PMID: 21384559 DOI: 10.1002/aur.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
About 80% of cases with autism express intellectual disability. Both in autism and in mental retardation without autism the majority of the cases are males, suggesting a X-chromosomal effect. In fact, some molecular evidence has been obtained for a common genetic background for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). In several genome-wide scans (GWS), evidence for linkage at X-chromosome has been reported including the GWS of Finnish ASD families with the highest multipoint lod score (MLS) of 2.75 obtained close to DXS7132 at Xq11.1. To further dissect the relationship between autism and genes implicated in XLMR, we have fine-mapped Xq11.1-q21.33 and analyzed five candidate genes in the region. We refined the region using 26 microsatellite markers and linkage analysis in 99 Finnish families with ASD. The most significant evidence for linkage was observed at DXS1225 on Xq21.1 with a nonparametric multipoint NPL(all) value of 3.43 (P = 0.0004). We sequenced the coding regions and splice sites of RPS6KA6 and ZNF711 residing at the peak region in 42 male patients from families contributing to the linkage. We also analyzed ACSL4 and DLG3, which have previously been known to cause XLMR and IL1RAPL2, a homologous gene for IL1RAPL1 that is mutated in autism and XLMR. A total of six novel and 11 known single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Further studies are warranted to analyze the candidate genes at Xq11.1-q21.33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Kantojärvi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Behnecke A, Hinderhofer K, Bartsch O, Nümann A, Ipach ML, Damatova N, Haaf T, Dufke A, Riess O, Moog U. Intragenic deletions of IL1RAPL1: Report of two cases and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 155A:372-9. [PMID: 21271657 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
IL1RAPL1 (interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1) located at Xp21.3-22.1 has repeatedly been shown to be deleted in patients with a contiguous gene syndrome also affecting neighboring genes, in particular DMD (dystrophin), DAX-1 (NR0B1, nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 1), and GK (glycerol kinase). In contrast, intragenic deletions of IL1RAPL1 or other mutations or cytogenetic aberrations affecting IL1RAPL1 have only rarely been identified. Up to date, they have mostly been associated with nonspecific mental retardation (MRX). We report on two nonrelated patients with MR and additional dysmorphic features who both show intragenic deletions of IL1RAPL1, one of them being de novo (exon 2) and the other one being inherited from his mother (exons 3-5). Deletions were identified by microarray-based chromosome analysis and confirmed by multiplex PCR and FISH, respectively. These data, along with recent functional studies indicating its role in neuronal development, provide further evidence for the relevance of IL1RAPL1 in the pathogenesis of X-linked MR and add knowledge to the phenotypic spectrum of IL1RAPL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Behnecke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yoshida T, Mishina M. Zebrafish orthologue of mental retardation protein IL1RAPL1 regulates presynaptic differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 39:218-28. [PMID: 18657618 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IL1-receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1), a member of interleukin-1/toll receptor (TIR) family, is responsible for a nonsyndromic form of mental retardation (MR). The zebrafish orthologue of mammalian IL1RAPL1, designated as Il1rapl1b, was expressed widely in the brain and in the olfactory placode. We employed an olfactory sensory neuron-specific gene manipulation system in combination with in vivo imaging of transparent zebrafish embryos to examine the functional role of Il1rapl1b in synaptic vesicle accumulation and subsequent morphological remodeling of axon terminals, the characteristic features of presynaptic differentiation of zebrafish olfactory sensory neurons during synapse formation. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotide against il1rapl1b suppressed both the synaptic vesicle accumulation and axon terminal remodeling. Consistently, the overexpression of Il1rapl1b stimulated synaptic vesicle accumulation. Swapping the carboxyl-terminal domain of Il1rapl1b with that of mouse IL-1 receptor accessory protein abolished the stimulatory effect. On the other hand, a substitution mutation in the TIR domain suppressed the morphological remodeling of axon terminals. Thus, the regulation of synaptic vesicle accumulation and subsequent morphological remodeling by Il1rapl1b appeared to be mediated by distinct domains. These results suggest that Il1rapl1b plays an important role in presynaptic differentiation during synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Bhat SS, Ladd S, Grass F, Spence JE, Brasington CK, Simensen RJ, Schwartz CE, Dupont BR, Stevenson RE, Srivastava AK. Disruption of the IL1RAPL1 gene associated with a pericentromeric inversion of the X chromosome in a patient with mental retardation and autism. Clin Genet 2007; 73:94-6. [PMID: 18005360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yoon DY, Dinarello CA. Differential effects of anti-IL-1R accessory protein antibodies on IL-1alpha or IL-1beta-induced production of PGE(2) and IL-6 from 3T3-L1 cells. BMB Rep 2007; 40:562-70. [PMID: 17669273 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.4.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble or cell-bound IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) does not bind IL-1 but rather forms a complex with IL-1 and IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) resulting in signal transduction. Synthetic peptides to various regions in the Ig-like domains of IL-1RAcP were used to produce antibodies and these antibodies were affinity-purified using the respective antigens. An anti-peptide-4 antibody which targets domain III inhibited 70% of IL-1beta-induced productions of IL-6 and PGE(2) from 3T3-L1 cells. Anti-peptide-2 or 3 also inhibited IL-1-induced IL-6 production by 30%. However, anti-peptide-1 which is directed against domain I had no effect. The antibody was more effective against IL-1beta compared to IL-1alpha. IL-1-induced IL-6 production was augmented by coincubation with PGE(2). The COX inhibitor ibuprofen blocked IL-1-induced IL-6 and PGE(2) production. These results confirm that IL-1RAcP is essential for IL-1 signaling and that increased production of IL-6 by IL-1 needs the co-induction of PGE(2). However, the effect of PGE(2) is independent of expressions of IL-1RI and IL-1RAcP. Our data suggest that domain III of IL-1RAcP may be involved in the formation or stabilization of the IL-1RI/IL-1 complex by binding to epitopes on domain III of the IL-1RI created following IL-1 binding to the IL-1RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Cell and Immunobiochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Hwayang Dong 1, Seoul 143-801, Korea
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Gambino F, Pavlowsky A, Béglé A, Dupont JL, Bahi N, Courjaret R, Gardette R, Hadjkacem H, Skala H, Poulain B, Chelly J, Vitale N, Humeau Y. IL1-receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1), a protein involved in cognitive functions, regulates N-type Ca2+-channel and neurite elongation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9063-8. [PMID: 17502602 PMCID: PMC1885628 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701133104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Null mutations in the IL1-receptor accessory protein-like 1 gene (IL1RAPL1) are responsible for an inherited X-linked form of cognitive impairment. IL1RAPL1 protein physically interacts with neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1), but the functional impact of the IL1RAPL1/NCS-1 interaction remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that stable expression of IL1RAPL1 in PC12 cells induces a specific silencing of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (N-VGCC) activity that explains a secretion deficit observed in these IL1RAPL1 cells. Importantly, this modulation of VGCC activity is mediated by NCS-1. Indeed, a specific loss-of-function of N-VGCC was observed in PC12 cells overexpressing NCS-1, and a total recovery of N-VGCC activity was obtained by a down-regulation of NCS-1 in IL1RAPL1 cells. The functional relevance of the interaction between IL1RAPL1 and NCS-1 was also suggested by the reduction of neurite elongation observed in nerve growth factor (NGF)-treated IL1RAPL1 cells, a phenotype rescued by NCS-1 inactivation. Because both proteins are highly expressed in neurons, these results suggest that IL1RAPL1-related mental retardation could result from a disruption of N-VGCC and/or NCS-1-dependent synaptic and neuronal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Gambino
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alice Pavlowsky
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Aurélie Béglé
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Dupont
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Bahi
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert Gardette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 549, IFR Broca Sainte Anne,2ter Rue d'Alesia, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hassen Hadjkacem
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Henriette Skala
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Bernard Poulain
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8104, Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 567, 75014 Paris, France; and
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- *Département Neurotransmission et Sécrétion Neuroendocrine, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7168/LC2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Hayashi S, Honda S, Minaguchi M, Makita Y, Okamoto N, Kosaki R, Okuyama T, Imoto I, Mizutani S, Inazawa J. Construction of a high-density and high-resolution human chromosome X array for comparative genomic hybridization analysis. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:397-405. [PMID: 17406783 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The human chromosome X is closely associated with congenital disorders and mental retardation (MR), because it contains a significantly higher number of genes than estimated from the proportion in the human genome. We constructed a high-density and high-resolution human chromosome X array (X-tiling array) for comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The array contains a total of 1,001 bacterial artificial chromosome (BACs) throughout chromosome X except pseudoautosomal regions and two BACs specific for Y. In four hybridizations using DNA samples from healthy males, the ratio of each spotted DNA was scattered between -3SD and 3SD, corresponding to a log(2) ratio of -0.35 and 0.35, respectively. Using DNA samples from patients with known congenital disorders, our X-tiling array was proven to discriminate one-copy losses and gains together with their physical sizes, and also to estimate the percentage of a mosaicism in a patient with mos 45,X[13]/46,X,r(X)[7]. Furthermore, array-CGH in a patient with atypical Schinzel-Giedion syndrome disclosed a 1.1-Mb duplication at Xq22.3 including a part of the IL1RAPL2 gene as a likely causative aberration. The results indicate our in-house X-tiling array to be useful for the identification of cryptic copy-number aberrations containing novel genes responsible for diseases such as congenital disorders and X-linked MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Pediatric and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Hon-machi Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shozo Honda
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Pediatric and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Hon-machi Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Maki Minaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Hon-machi Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshio Makita
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical Collage, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Planning and Research, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Murodocho 840, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rika Kosaki
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Hon-machi Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Department of Pediatric and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- 21st Century Center of Excellence Program for Molecular Destruction and Reconstitution of Tooth and Bone, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) of Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 4-1-8 Hon-machi Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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Yang CY, Kuo TH, Ting LP. Human hepatitis B viral e antigen interacts with cellular interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein and triggers interleukin-1 response. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:34525-36. [PMID: 16973626 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m510981200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV e antigen (HBeAg), a secreted protein and not required for viral replication, is thought to play an immunoregulatory role during viral infection. However, the functional involvement of HBeAg in host immune response has not been fully elucidated. We report in this study that HBeAg can bind to interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in inflammation and regulation of immune response, and membrane form of IL-1RAcP (mIL-1RAcP) is an essential component of trimeric IL-1/IL-1 receptor/mIL-1RAcP complex. We show that glutathione S-transferase- or polyhistidine-tagged recombinant HBeAg can interact with endogenous mIL-1RAcP in vitro. Purified (His)6-HBeAg added in the culture medium can interact with overexpressed FLAG-tagged mIL-1RAcP in vivo. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy show that HBeAg colocalizes with mIL-1RAcP on the cell surface. Furthermore, HBeAg is able to induce the interaction of IL-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) with mIL-1RAcP and trigger the recruitment of adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) to the IL-1RI/mIL-1RAcP complex. Assembly and activation of IL-1RI/mIL-1RAcP signaling complex by HBeAg can activate downstream NF-kappaB pathway through IkappaB degradation, induce NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase expression, and induce the expression of IL-1-responsive genes. Silencing of IL-1RAcP by small interfering RNA dramatically abolishes HBeAg-mediated NF-kappaB activation. These results demonstrate that HBeAg can trigger host IL-1 response by binding to mIL-1RAcP. The interaction of HBeAg with mIL-1RAcP may play an important role in modulating host immune response in acute and chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yung Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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