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Chen Y, Zhou C, Bian Y, Fu F, Zhu B, Zhao X, Zhang M, Zhou C, Yao S, Zhang Z, Luo H, Ge Y, Wu C, Ruan H. Cadmium exposure promotes thyroid pyroptosis and endocrine dysfunction by inhibiting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114376. [PMID: 36508821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous toxic metal and environmental pollutant. Increasing studies have shown that Cd exposure increases the incidence of various endocrine system diseases, including thyrotoxicity reflected by thyroid structural damage and endocrine toxicity. However, the observed outcomes are complex and conflicting, leading to the mechanism of Cd-induced thyrotoxicity remaining obscure. In this study, 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were given 2 or 7 mg/kg Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2) intragastrically for 4 and 8 weeks, and the Cd-mediated thyrotoxicity was evaluated by determining alterations in thyroid structure and endocrine function, and alterations of oxidant stress, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Our data showed that Cd exposure could reduce body weight and induce thyrotoxicity by impairing thyroid follicular morphology and endocrine function, accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Importantly, Cd significantly promoted thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis by increasing Nlrp3, Asc, Caspase-1, Gsdmd, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression. Mechanistical analysis suggested that Cd treatment could inhibit antioxidant pathway by downregulating antioxidant response protein, Nrf2, and upregulating its negative feedback regulator, Keap1. Collectively, our in vivo findings suggest that Cd exposure could facilitate thyroid follicular cell pyroptosis by inhibiting Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, thereby disrupting thyroid tissue structure and endocrine function, which offers novel insights into the Cd-mediated detrimental consequences on thyroid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China; The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chengcong Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yishan Bian
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bian'an Zhu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xuyan Zhao
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chunyuan Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Yuying Ge
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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2
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Kaseda S, Sannomiya Y, Horizono J, Kuwazuru J, Suico MA, Ogi S, Sasaki R, Sunamoto H, Fukiya H, Nishiyama H, Kamura M, Niinou S, Koyama Y, Nara F, Shuto T, Onuma K, Kai H. Novel Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor UBE-1099 Ameliorates Progressive Phenotype in Alport Syndrome Mouse Model. Kidney360 2022; 3:687-699. [PMID: 35721612 PMCID: PMC9136903 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0004572021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardoxolone methyl activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via covalent binding and irreversible inhibition of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), the negative regulator of Nrf2. Ongoing clinical trials of bardoxolone methyl show promising effects for patients with CKD. However, the direct inhibition of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) as an approach to activate Nrf2 is less explored. METHODS We developed a noncovalent Nrf2 activator UBE-1099, which highly selectively inhibits Keap1-Nrf2 PPI, and evaluated its efficacy on the progressive phenotype in an Alport syndrome mouse model (Col4a5-G5X). RESULTS Similar to bardoxolone methyl, UBE-1099 transiently increased proteinuria and reduced plasma creatinine in Alport mice. Importantly, UBE-1099 improved the glomerulosclerosis, renal inflammation, and fibrosis, and prolonged the life span of Alport mice. UBE-1099 ameliorated the dysfunction of Nrf2 signaling in the renal tissue of Alport mice. Moreover, transcriptome analysis in the glomerulus showed that UBE-1099 induced the expression of genes associated with the cell cycle and cytoskeleton, which may explain its unique mechanism of improvement such as glomerular morphologic change. CONCLUSIONS UBE-1099 significantly ameliorates the progressive phenotype in Alport mice. Our results revealed the efficacy of Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor for glomerulosclerosis and present a potential therapeutic drug for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kaseda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate School “HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program,” Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Sannomiya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Horizono
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kuwazuru
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ogi
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, UBE Industries Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sunamoto
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, UBE Industries Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Fukiya
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, UBE Industries Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hayato Nishiyama
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, UBE Industries Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Misato Kamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate School “HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program,” Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Saki Niinou
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuimi Koyama
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nara
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, UBE Industries Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Onuma
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratory, UBE Industries Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate School “HIGO (Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented) Program,” Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Global Center for Natural Resources Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Hu QP, Yan HX, Peng F, Feng W, Chen FF, Huang XY, Zhang X, Zhou YY, Chen YS. Genistein protects epilepsy-induced brain injury through regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways in the developing rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174620. [PMID: 34752743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease. Recurrent seizures can cause irreversible brain damage. This study aimed to explore the regulation of Genistein on JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the protective effects on brain injury after epilepsy. METHODS Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was used to induce epilepsy in developing rats and Genistein was used for pretreatment of epilepsy. The seizure latency, grade scores and duration of the first generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCs) were recorded. Hippocampus tissue was sampled at 24 h post-epilepsy. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe mature neurons, activated microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of JAK2, STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, caspase3, Bax and Bcl2 in the hippocampus. RESULTS Immunofluorescence showed that the number of neurons significantly decreased, and activated microglia and astrocytes significantly increased after epilepsy; Western blot and q-PCR showed that the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, caspase3 and Bax significantly increased, while Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced after epilepsy. These effects were reversed by Genistein treatment. Moreover, Genistein was found to prolong seizure latency and reduce seizure intensity score and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures(GTCs) CONCLUSIONS: Genistein can activate the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant stress pathway and attenuate the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Genistein also inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 inflammation pathway and expression of apoptotic proteins, and increases the number of surviving neurons, thus having a protective effect on epilepsy-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Fen-Fang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yang-Yu Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yi-Shui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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Norton D, Bonnette WG, Callahan JF, Carr MG, Griffiths-Jones CM, Heightman TD, Kerns JK, Nie H, Rich SJ, Richardson C, Rumsey W, Sanchez Y, Verdonk ML, Willems HMG, Wixted WE, Wolfe L, Woolford AJA, Wu Z, Davies TG. Fragment-Guided Discovery of Pyrazole Carboxylic Acid Inhibitors of the Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1: Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2 (KEAP1:NRF2) Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15949-15972. [PMID: 34705450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The NRF2-mediated cytoprotective response is central to cellular homoeostasis, and there is increasing interest in developing small-molecule activators of this pathway as therapeutics for diseases involving chronic oxidative stress. The protein KEAP1, which regulates NRF2, is a key point for pharmacological intervention, and we recently described the use of fragment-based drug discovery to develop a tool compound that directly disrupts the protein-protein interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1. We now present the identification of a second, chemically distinct series of KEAP1 inhibitors, which provided an alternative chemotype for lead optimization. Pharmacophoric information from our original fragment screen was used to identify new hit matter through database searching and to evolve this into a new lead with high target affinity and cell-based activity. We highlight how knowledge obtained from fragment-based approaches can be used to focus additional screening campaigns in order to de-risk projects through the rapid identification of novel chemical series.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Norton
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - William G Bonnette
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - James F Callahan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Maria G Carr
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Tom D Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Jeffrey K Kerns
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Hong Nie
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Sharna J Rich
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - William Rumsey
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Marcel L Verdonk
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - William E Wixted
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Lawrence Wolfe
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | | | - Zining Wu
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, United States
| | - Thomas G Davies
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
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Payne NC, Kalyakina AS, Singh K, Tye MA, Mazitschek R. Bright and stable luminescent probes for target engagement profiling in live cells. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1168-1177. [PMID: 34675420 PMCID: PMC8555866 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The pace of progress in biomedical research directly depends on techniques that enable the quantitative interrogation of interactions between proteins and other biopolymers, or with their small-molecule ligands. Time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay platforms offer high sensitivity and specificity. However, the paucity of accessible and biocompatible luminescent lanthanide complexes, which are essential reagents for TR-FRET-based approaches, and their poor cellular permeability have limited broader adaptation of TR-FRET beyond homogeneous and extracellular assay applications. Here, we report the development of CoraFluors, a new class of macrotricyclic terbium complexes, which are synthetically readily accessible, stable in biological media and exhibit photophysical and physicochemical properties that are desirable for biological studies. We validate the performance of CoraFluors in cell-free systems, identify cell-permeable analogs and demonstrate their utility in the quantitative domain-selective characterization of Keap1 ligands, as well as in isoform-selective target engagement profiling of HDAC1 inhibitors in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Connor Payne
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alena S Kalyakina
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kritika Singh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Tye
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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He L, Sun Y. The potential role of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes-related Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1469-1479. [PMID: 34129198 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Kelch-like ECH associated-protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is thought to be the key regulatory process defensing oxidative stress in multiple organs. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are both serious global health problems with high prevalence. A growing number of literatures have suggested a possible link between Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and the pathological changes of T2DM, AD as well as T2DM-related AD. The current review mainly discusses how the damaged Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway leads to dysregulated redox molecular signaling, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD and T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction, as well as some compounds targeting this pathway. The further exploration of the mechanisms of this pathway could provide novel therapeutic strategies to improve cognitive function, through restoration of expression or translocation of Nrf2 and scavenging excessive free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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7
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Abstract
R-loops are by-products of transcription that must be tightly regulated to maintain genomic stability and gene expression. Here, we describe a mechanism for the regulation of the R-loop-specific helicase, senataxin (SETX), and identify the ubiquitin specific peptidase 11 (USP11) as an R-loop regulator. USP11 de-ubiquitinates SETX and its depletion increases SETX K48-ubiquitination and protein turnover. Loss of USP11 decreases SETX steady-state levels and reduces R-loop dissolution. Ageing of USP11 knockout cells restores SETX levels via compensatory transcriptional downregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, KEAP1. Loss of USP11 reduces SETX enrichment at KEAP1 promoter, leading to R-loop accumulation, enrichment of the endonuclease XPF and formation of double-strand breaks. Overexpression of KEAP1 increases SETX K48-ubiquitination, promotes its degradation and R-loop accumulation. These data define a ubiquitination-dependent mechanism for SETX regulation, which is controlled by the opposing activities of USP11 and KEAP1 with broad applications for cancer and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Jurga
- School of Bioscience, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Arwa A Abugable
- School of Bioscience, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- School of Bioscience, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
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8
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Fu K, Chen H, Wang Z, Cao R. Andrographolide attenuates inflammatory response induced by LPS via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:36-41. [PMID: 33290978 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the main causes of bovine infertility, which causes serious economic losses to the industry. The endometrium is the first line of defense against invading microbial pathogens in the uterus. Andrographolide is the primary active component of A. paniculate, and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, its effects on the LPS-induced signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs) have not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of andrographolide in the LPS-induced inflammatory response of bEECs. We found that andrographolide strongly reduced LPS-induced NO and iNOS expression. The production of cytokines that were upregulated by LPS was significantly suppressed. To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of andrographolide, we examined the activation of Nrf2. The results shown that andrographolide inhibited the expression of Keap1 but increased the expression of Nrf2. The expression levels of target genes of Nrf2 including Ho-1 and Nqo-1 were increased by andrographolide. Taken together, these results suggest that andrographolide may serve as a candidate to protect against the LPS-induced inflammatory response by inducing Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Zezhi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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9
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Shaw P, Sen A, Mondal P, Dey Bhowmik A, Rath J, Chattopadhyay A. Shinorine ameliorates chromium induced toxicity in zebrafish hepatocytes through the facultative activation of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 228:105622. [PMID: 32947073 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium, a heavy metal toxicant, abundantly found in the environment showed hepatotoxic potential in zebrafish liver and instigated the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway as a cellular stress response as reported in our previous studies. In the present study we have evaluated the ameliorating effect of shinorine, a mycosporine like amino acid (MAAs) and a mammalian Keap1 antagonist against chromium induced stress in zebrafish hepatocytes. Shinorine was found to be effective in increasing the cell viability of chromium treated hepatocytes through curtailing the cellular ROS content. Trigonelline, an Nrf2 inhibitor was found to reduce the viability of hepatocyte cultures co-exposed to shinorine and chromium. In other words, trigonelline being an Nrf2 blocker neutralised the alleviating effect of shinorine. This indicated that shinorine mediated cyto-protection in Cr [VI]-intoxicated cells is Nrf2 dependent. Further, qRT-PCR analysis revealed comparatively higher expression of nfe2l2 and nqo1 in shinorine + chromium treated hepatocytes than cells exposed to chromium alone indicating a better functioning of Nrf2-Keap1-Nqo1 axis. To further confirm if shinorine can lead to disruption of Nrf2-Keap1 interaction in zebrafish hepatocytes and render cytoprotection to chromium exposure, our in silico analysis through molecular docking revealed that shinorine could bind to the active amino acid residues of the DGR domain, responsible for Nrf2-Keap1 interaction of all the three Keap1s evaluated. This is the first report about shinorine that ameliorates chromium induced toxicity through acting as an Nrf2-Keap1 interaction disruptor. We additionally carried out in-silico pharmacokinetic and ADMET studies to evaluate druglikeness of shinorine whose promising results indicated its potential to be developed as an ideal therapeutic candidate against toxicant induced pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Shaw
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Animesh Sen
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Dey Bhowmik
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Jnanendra Rath
- Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
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10
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Colarusso S, De Simone D, Frattarelli T, Andreini M, Cerretani M, Missineo A, Moretti D, Tambone S, Kempf G, Augustin M, Steinbacher S, Munoz-Sanjuan I, Park L, Summa V, Tomei L, Bresciani A, Dominguez C, Toledo-Sherman L, Bianchi E. Optimization of linear and cyclic peptide inhibitors of KEAP1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115738. [PMID: 33065433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of KEAP1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction is considered a promising strategy to selectively and effectively activate NRF2, a transcription factor which is involved in several pathologies such as Huntington's disease (HD). A library of linear peptides based on the NRF2-binding motifs was generated on the nonapeptide lead Ac-LDEETGEFL-NH2 spanning residues 76-84 of the Neh2 domain of NRF2 with the aim to replace E78, E79 and E82 with non-acidic amino acids. A deeper understanding of the features and accessibility of the T80 subpocket was also targeted by structure-based design. Approaches to improve cell permeability were investigated using both different classes of cyclic peptides and conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides. This insight will guide future design of macrocycles, peptido-mimetics and, most importantly, small neutral brain-penetrating molecules to evaluate whether NRF2 activators have utility in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Colarusso
- Department of Drug Discovery, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele De Simone
- Department of Drug Discovery, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Frattarelli
- Department of Drug Discovery, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Andreini
- Department of Drug Discovery, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cerretani
- Translational & Discovery Research, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Missineo
- Translational & Discovery Research, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Moretti
- Translational & Discovery Research, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Tambone
- Translational & Discovery Research, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Georg Kempf
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7 a, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Martin Augustin
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Bunsenstraße 7 a, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | | | | | - Larry Park
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vincenzo Summa
- Department of Drug Discovery, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Tomei
- Translational & Discovery Research, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Bresciani
- Translational & Discovery Research, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Celia Dominguez
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Leticia Toledo-Sherman
- Translational & Discovery Research, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Drug Discovery, IRBM Spa, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
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11
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Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Martini C, Laneri S, Novellino E, Greco G. Exploiting the Indole Scaffold to Design Compounds Binding to Different Pharmacological Targets. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102331. [PMID: 32429433 PMCID: PMC7287756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several indole derivatives have been disclosed by our research groups that have been collaborating for nearly 25 years. The results of our investigations led to a variety of molecules binding selectively to different pharmacological targets, specifically the type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) chloride channel, the translocator protein (TSPO), the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein, the A2B adenosine receptor (A2B AR) and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Herein, we describe how these works were conceived and carried out thanks to the versatility of indole nucleus to be exploited in the design and synthesis of drug-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Taliani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219547 (S.T.); +39-081-678645 (G.G.)
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (F.D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
| | - Giovanni Greco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (G.G.); Tel.: +39-050-2219547 (S.T.); +39-081-678645 (G.G.)
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12
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Gorgulla C, Boeszoermenyi A, Wang ZF, Fischer PD, Coote PW, Padmanabha Das KM, Malets YS, Radchenko DS, Moroz YS, Scott DA, Fackeldey K, Hoffmann M, Iavniuk I, Wagner G, Arthanari H. An open-source drug discovery platform enables ultra-large virtual screens. Nature 2020; 580:663-668. [PMID: 32152607 PMCID: PMC8352709 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
On average, an approved drug currently costs US$2-3 billion and takes more than 10 years to develop1. In part, this is due to expensive and time-consuming wet-laboratory experiments, poor initial hit compounds and the high attrition rates in the (pre-)clinical phases. Structure-based virtual screening has the potential to mitigate these problems. With structure-based virtual screening, the quality of the hits improves with the number of compounds screened2. However, despite the fact that large databases of compounds exist, the ability to carry out large-scale structure-based virtual screening on computer clusters in an accessible, efficient and flexible manner has remained difficult. Here we describe VirtualFlow, a highly automated and versatile open-source platform with perfect scaling behaviour that is able to prepare and efficiently screen ultra-large libraries of compounds. VirtualFlow is able to use a variety of the most powerful docking programs. Using VirtualFlow, we prepared one of the largest and freely available ready-to-dock ligand libraries, with more than 1.4 billion commercially available molecules. To demonstrate the power of VirtualFlow, we screened more than 1 billion compounds and identified a set of structurally diverse molecules that bind to KEAP1 with submicromolar affinity. One of the lead inhibitors (iKeap1) engages KEAP1 with nanomolar affinity (dissociation constant (Kd) = 114 nM) and disrupts the interaction between KEAP1 and the transcription factor NRF2. This illustrates the potential of VirtualFlow to access vast regions of the chemical space and identify molecules that bind with high affinity to target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gorgulla
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andras Boeszoermenyi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick D Fischer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Paul W Coote
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna M Padmanabha Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yehor S Malets
- Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Chemspace, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantin Fackeldey
- Zuse Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Mathematics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Hoffmann
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Saad El-Din S, Rashed L, Medhat E, Emad Aboulhoda B, Desoky Badawy A, Mohammed ShamsEldeen A, Abdelgwad M. Active form of vitamin D analogue mitigates neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease in rats by targeting Keap1/Nrf2 and MAPK-38p/ERK signaling pathways. Steroids 2020; 156:108586. [PMID: 31982424 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor2 (Nrf2), a chief transcriptional regulator of antioxidant response element (ARE), is considered a promising target for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vitamin D has been recognized to have a crucial role in improving AD cognitive functions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of active vitamin D analogue, Maxacalcitol, on Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in experimental Alzheimer's disease in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on thirty female white albino rats divided equally into 3 groups: control group, Alzheimer group induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Alzheimer group treated with active vitamin D3 analogue, Maxacalcitol. The following parameters were assessed in rat brain tissues: Gene expression of Nrf2, Keap1 and MAF by RT-PCR, protein levels of phosphorylated MAPK-38p and ERK1/2 by Western Blot Technique, estimation of HO-1, Amyloid β, p-Tau levels and serum levels of TNFα, IL-10 and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium levels, GSH and MDA levels were also estimated in addition to cognitive function tests and histo-pathological examination of rat brain tissues. RESULTS In Alzheimer group, there was a significant deficit in cognition along with down-regulation of gene expression of Nrf2 and the protein levels of its downstream antioxidant effectors (HO-1 and GSH) with increased levels of the lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA. Also, there was increased neuro-inflammation as evidenced by increased levels of TNFα and decreased levels of IL-10. Moreover, there were increased amyloid β load and enhanced levels of phosphorylation of MAPK-38 and ERK1/2 leading to hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. In addition, there were decreased serum levels of both total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium. Treatment with vitamin D3 analogue, Maxacalcitol significantly improved cognitive dysfunction and histopathological picture of the brains of Alzheimer rats. Also, Vitamin D analogue significantly increased expression of Nrf2 and its downstream effectors (HO-1 and GSH), improved serum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium, decreased neuro-inflammation and Amyloid β load as well as hyperphosphorylation of MAPK-38, ERK1/2 and tau proteins were also observed. Therefore, these data suggest that vitamin D analogue, Maxacalcitol could be used as a therapeutic agent in treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Saad El-Din
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Engy Medhat
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Desoky Badawy
- The Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Abdelgwad
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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14
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Li M, Huang W, Jie F, Wang M, Zhong Y, Chen Q, Lu B. Discovery of Keap1-Nrf2 small-molecule inhibitors from phytochemicals based on molecular docking. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110758. [PMID: 31412289 PMCID: PMC7116978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Various phytochemicals have been reported to protect against oxidative stress. However, the mechanism underlying has not been systematically evaluated, which limited their application in disease treatment. Nuclear factor erythroid 2−related factor 2 (Nrf2), a central transcription factor in oxidative stress response related to numerous diseases, is activated after dissociating from the cytoskeleton−anchored Kelch−like ECH−associated protein 1 (Keap1). The Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction has become an important drug target. This study was designed to clarify whether antioxidantive phytochemicals inhibit the Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction and activate the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway efficiently. Molecular docking and 3D−QSAR were applied to evaluate the interaction effects between 178 antioxidant phytochemicals and the Nrf2 binding site in Keap1. The Nrf2 activation effect was tested on a H2O2−induced oxidative−injured cell model. Results showed that the 178 phytochemicals could be divided into high−, medium−, and low−total−score groups depending on their binding affinity with Keap1, and the high−total−score group consisted of 24 compounds with abundant oxygen or glycosides. Meanwhile, these compounds could bind with key amino acids in the structure of the Keap1−Nrf2 interface. Compounds from high−total−score group show effective activation effects on Nrf2. In conclusion, phytochemicals showed high binding affinity with Keap1 are promising new Nrf2 activators. 178 phytochemicals were collected and the Keap1-binding-affinity was estimated. 24 compounds with high Keap1-binding-affinity was obtained. Compounds with high Keap1-binding-affinity effectively activated Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiquan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Zhejiang Economic & Trade Polytechnic, Department of Applied Technology, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Fan Jie
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongheng Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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15
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Biagiotti S, Bianchi M, Rossi L, Chessa L, Magnani M. Activation of NRF2 by dexamethasone in ataxia telangiectasia cells involves KEAP1 inhibition but not the inhibition of p38. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216668. [PMID: 31107893 PMCID: PMC6527213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative disease Ataxia Telangiectasia. We have recently demonstrated that Dexamethasone treatment is able to counteract the oxidative state by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear accumulation. However, substantial gaps remain in our knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) according to which Dexamethasone acts as an NRF2 inducer. Herein we investigate the possible effects of the drug on the main NRF2 activation pathways by initially focusing on key kinases known to differently affect NRF2 activation. Neither AKT nor ERK1/2, known to be NRF2-activating kinases, were found to be activated upon Dexamethasone treatment, thus excluding their involvement in the transcription factor nuclear shift. Likewise, GSK3 inactivating kinase was not inhibited, thus ruling out its role in NRF2 activation. On the other hand, p38 MAPK, another NRF2-inhibitory kinase, was indeed switched-off in Ataxia Telangiectasia cells by Dexamethasone-mediated induction of DUSP1 phosphatase, and therefore it appeared that it might account for NRF2 triggering. However, this mechanism was excluded by the use of a selective p38 inhibitor, which failed to cause a significant NRF2 nuclear shift and target gene induction. Finally, dexamethasone effects on the classical oxidative pathway orchestrated by KEAP1 were addressed. Dexamethasone was found to decrease the expression of the inhibitor KEAP1 at both mRNA and protein levels and to induce the shift from the reduced to the oxidized form of KEAP1, thus favouring NRF2 translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, preliminary data revealed very low levels of the negative regulator Fyn in Ataxia Telangiectasia cells, which might account for the prolonged NRF2-activated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Biagiotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luigia Rossi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luciana Chessa
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Wells G, Hayes JD, Cousin SP, Rumsey WL, Attucks OC, Franklin S, Levonen AL, Kensler TW, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:295-317. [PMID: 30610225 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are critical in the maintenance of redox, metabolic and protein homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation. Thus, NRF2 activation provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies including chronic diseases of the lung and liver; autoimmune, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders; and cancer initiation. One NRF2 activator has received clinical approval and several electrophilic modifiers of the cysteine-based sensor KEAP1 and inhibitors of its interaction with NRF2 are now in clinical development. However, challenges regarding target specificity, pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy and safety remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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17
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Zhou B, Zhang X, Wang G, Barbour KW, Berger FG, Wang Q. Drug screening assay based on the interaction of intact Keap1 and Nrf2 proteins in cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:92-99. [PMID: 30473361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Nrf2-Keap1 interaction is the major regulatory pathway for cytoprotective responses against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Keap1, a substrate protein of a Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, is a negative regulator of Nrf2. The use of chemicals to regulate the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 has been proposed as a strategy for the chemoprevention of degenerative diseases and cancers. RESULTS The interactions between Keap1 and Nrf2 in vitro and in vivo were investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) strategies in our study. Nrf2 with its N-terminal fused to eGFP and Keap1 with its C-terminal fused to mCherry were expressed and purified in vitro. When purified eGFP-Nrf2 and Keap1-mChrry proteins were mixed together, a strong FRET signal could be detected, indicating an efficient energy transfer from eGFP to mCherry. Moreover, the FRET was detected in vivo using confocal microscopy in colon cancer HCT-116 cells that were co-transfected with eGFP-Nrf2 and Keap1-mCherry. Finally, using an eGFP BiFC approach, the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction was also detected in MCF7 cells by transfecting eGFP N-terminal fused to Nrf2 (eN158-Nrf2) and eGFP C-terminal fused to Keap1 (eC159-Keap1). Using the BiFC and FRET systems, we demonstrated that the prototypical Nrf2-activiting compound tBHQ and the antitumor drug F-dUrd might interfere with the intracellular interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2 whereas the 5-Fu have little role in activating the protective response of Nrf2 pathway in cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS By analyzing the perturbation of the energy transfer between the donor and acceptor fluorophores and the bimolecular fluorescence complementation of eGFP, we can screen potential inhibitors for the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Guiren Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Program and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Karen W Barbour
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Franklin G Berger
- Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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18
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Jiang CS, Zhuang CL, Zhu K, Zhang J, Muehlmann LA, Figueiró Longo JP, Azevedo RB, Zhang W, Meng N, Zhang H. Identification of a novel small-molecule Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor with cytoprotective effects on LPS-induced cardiomyopathy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:833-841. [PMID: 29693453 PMCID: PMC6009974 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1461856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor ZJ01 was identified from our compound library by fluorescence polarization assay, surface plasmon resonance, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. ZJ01 could in vitro trigger Nrf2 nuclear translocation, subsequently resulting in increased mRNA levels of Nrf2 target genes HO-1 and NQO1. Meanwhile, ZJ01 suppressed LPS-induced production of ROS and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in H9c2 cardiac cells. Moreover, in an in vivo mouse model of septic cardiomyopathy induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, ZJ01 demonstrated a cytoprotective effect, upregulated Nrf2 protein nuclear accumulation, and remarkably suppressed the abovementioned cytokine levels in cardiomyocytes. The results presented herein provided a novel chemotype for the development of direct Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitors and suggested that compound ZJ01 is a promising drug lead for septic cardiomyopathy treatment. ZJ01 was identified as a new Keap1-Nrf2 PPI inhibitor and drug lead for septic cardiomyopathy treatment by in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luis Alexandre Muehlmann
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Meng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
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19
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Gacesa R, Lawrence KP, Georgakopoulos ND, Yabe K, Dunlap WC, Barlow DJ, Wells G, Young AR, Long PF. The mycosporine-like amino acids porphyra-334 and shinorine are antioxidants and direct antagonists of Keap1-Nrf2 binding. Biochimie 2018; 154:35-44. [PMID: 30071261 PMCID: PMC6214812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are UVR-absorbing metabolites typically produced by cyanobacteria and marine algae, but their properties are not limited to direct sun screening protection. Herein, we examine the antioxidant activities of porphyra-334 and shinorine and demonstrate that these MAAs are prospective activators of the cytoprotective Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. The ability of porphyra-334 and shinorine to bind with Keap1 was determined using fluorescence polarization (FP) and thermal shift assays to detect Keap1 receptor antagonism. Concomitantly, the ability of porphyra-334 and shinorine to dissociate Nrf2 from Keap1 was confirmed also by measurement of increased mRNA expression of Nrf2 targeted genes encoding oxidative stress defense proteins in primary skin fibroblasts prior and post UVR exposure. Surprisingly, enhanced transcriptional regulation was only promoted by MAAs in cells after exposure to UVR-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the in-vitro antioxidant activities of porphyra-334 and shinorine determined by the DPPH free-radical quenching assay were low in comparison to ascorbic acid. However, their antioxidant capacity determined by the ORAC assay to quench free radicals via hydrogen atom transfer is substantial. Hence, the dual nature of MAAs to provide antioxidant protection may offer a prospective chemotherapeutic strategy to prevent or retard the progression of multiple degenerative disorders of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Gacesa
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl P Lawrence
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kazuo Yabe
- Chemical Laboratory, Hokkaido University of Education, Japan
| | - Walter C Dunlap
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Barlow
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Antony R Young
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F Long
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Zhao D, Badur MG, Luebeck J, Magaña JH, Birmingham A, Sasik R, Ahn CS, Ideker T, Metallo CM, Mali P. Combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 Metabolic Screens Reveal Critical Redox Control Points Dependent on the KEAP1-NRF2 Regulatory Axis. Mol Cell 2018; 69:699-708.e7. [PMID: 29452643 PMCID: PMC5819357 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways fueling tumor growth have been well characterized, but the specific impact of transforming events on network topology and enzyme essentiality remains poorly understood. To this end, we performed combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 screens on a set of 51 carbohydrate metabolism genes that represent glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This high-throughput methodology enabled systems-level interrogation of metabolic gene dispensability, interactions, and compensation across multiple cell types. The metabolic impact of specific combinatorial knockouts was validated using 13C and 2H isotope tracing, and these assays together revealed key nodes controlling redox homeostasis along the KEAP-NRF2 signaling axis. Specifically, targeting KEAP1 in combination with oxidative PPP genes mitigated the deleterious effects of these knockouts on growth rates. These results demonstrate how our integrated framework, combining genetic, transcriptomic, and flux measurements, can improve elucidation of metabolic network alterations and guide precision targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities based on tumor genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet G Badur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jens Luebeck
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose H Magaña
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Birmingham
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Ahn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Prashant Mali
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Lin EY, Bayarsengee U, Wang CC, Chiang YH, Cheng CW. The natural compound 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d glucoside protects against adriamycin-induced nephropathy through activating the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway. Environ Toxicol 2018; 33:72-82. [PMID: 29064158 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) is an active compound extracted from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. This herb and radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata have been used to treat arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes for thousands of years. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of THSG in an Adriamycin (AD)-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) mouse model and the underlying mechanisms in an in vitro system. Mice were treated with THSG (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, oral gavage) for 24 consecutive days. On the third day, mice were intravenously given a single dose of AD (10 mg/kg). At the end of the experiment, plasma and kidney samples were harvested to evaluate the therapeutic effects of THSG. The potential mechanisms of THSG in protecting against AD-induced cytotoxicity were examined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblots, lactate dehydrogenase assay, and a cellular oxidized-thiol detection system in a mouse mesangial cell line. In this study, THSG showed concentration-dependent protective effects in ameliorating the progression of AD-induced FSGS. THSG suppressed albuminuria and hypercholesterolemia and reduced the status of lipid peroxidation in urine, plasma, and kidney tissue samples. Furthermore, THSG protected against podocyte damage, reduced renal fibrotic gene expressions, and alleviated the severity of glomerulosclerosis. Treatment of mouse mesangial cells with THSG induced nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, increased heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO)-1 gene expressions, and reduced cellular thiol oxidation and resistance to AD-induced cytotoxicity. Silencing Nrf2 and its repressor protein, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), abolished these protective effects of THSG. In conclusion, THSG can play a protective role in ameliorating the progression of FSGS in a mouse model through activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant pathway. Although a well-designed therapeutic study is needed, THSG may be applied to manage chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Yuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Uyanga Bayarsengee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shastin Central Hospital in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Komaravelli N, Ansar M, Garofalo RP, Casola A. Respiratory syncytial virus induces NRF2 degradation through a promyelocytic leukemia protein - ring finger protein 4 dependent pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:494-504. [PMID: 29107745 PMCID: PMC5699968 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of viral acute respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children, for which no vaccine or specific treatments are available. RSV causes airway mucosa inflammation and cellular oxidative damage by triggering production of reactive oxygen species and by inhibiting at the same time expression of antioxidant enzymes, via degradation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2). RSV infection induces NRF2 deacetylation, ubiquitination, and degradation through a proteasome-dependent pathway. Although degradation via KEAP1 is the most common mechanism, silencing KEAP1 expression did not rescue NRF2 levels during RSV infection. We found that RSV-induced NRF2 degradation occurs in an SUMO-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase - RING finger protein 4 (RNF4)-dependent manner. NRF2 is progressively SUMOylated in RSV infection and either blocking SUMOylation or silencing RNF4 expression rescued both NRF2 nuclear levels and transcriptional activity. RNF4 associates with promyelocytic leukemia - nuclear bodies (PML-NBs). RSV infection induces the expression of PML and PML-NBs formation in an interferon (INF)-dependent manner and also induces NRF2 - PMN-NBs association. Inhibition of PML-NB formation by blocking IFN pathway or silencing PML expression resulted in a significant reduction of RSV-associated NRF2 degradation and increased antioxidant enzyme expression, identifying the RNF4-PML pathway as a key regulator of antioxidant defenses in the course of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Komaravelli
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Ansar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto P Garofalo
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Centers for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Centers for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, US; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Antonella Casola
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Centers for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Centers for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX, US; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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23
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Schmoll D, Engel CK, Glombik H. The Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction: A suitable target for small molecules. Drug Discov Today Technol 2017; 24:11-17. [PMID: 29233294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 controls pathways involved in oxidative-stress defense and is a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of chronic diseases. Activators of Nrf2 that have undergone clinical development are reactive molecules that are either associated with safety issues or for which it is unclear if their pharmacological efficacy depends on the activation of Nrf2. Therefore, the clinical validity of Nrf2 activation is not yet proven. The activity of Nrf2 is inhibited by Keap1 via a protein-protein interaction. Its structural characteristics allowed the identification of reversible small-molecule inhibitors of the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction that can hopefully elucidate the therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Schmoll
- Sanofi R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | - Heiner Glombik
- Sanofi R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a critical transcription factor for the antioxidative stress response and it activates a variety of cytoprotective genes related to redox and detoxification. NRF2 activity is regulated by the oxidative-stress sensor molecule Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) that induces proteasomal degradation of NRF2 through ubiquitinating NRF2 under unstressed conditions. Because oxidative stress is a major pathogenic and aggravating factor for kidney diseases, the KEAP1-NRF2 system has been proposed to be a therapeutic target for renal protection. SUMMARY Oxidative-stress molecules, such as reactive oxygen species, accumulate in the kidneys of animal models for acute kidney injury (AKI), in which NRF2 is transiently and slightly activated. Genetic or pharmacological enhancement of NRF2 activity in the renal tubules significantly ameliorates damage related to AKI and prevents AKI progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) by reducing oxidative stress. These beneficial effects of NRF2 activation highlight the KEAP1-NRF2 system as an important target for kidney disease treatment. However, a phase-3 clinical trial of a KEAP1 inhibitor for patients with stage 4 CKD and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was terminated due to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Because recent basic studies have accumulated positive effects of KEAP1 inhibitors in moderate stages of CKD, phase-2 trials have been restarted. The data from the ongoing projects demonstrate that a KEAP1 inhibitor improves the glomerular filtration rate in patients with stage 3 CKD and T2DM without safety concerns. Key Message: The KEAP1-NRF2 system is one of the most promising therapeutic targets for kidney disease, and KEAP1 inhibitors could be part of critical therapies for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nezu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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25
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Ghorab MM, Alsaid MS, Higgins M, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Shahat AA, Elghazawy NH, Arafa RK. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 inducer activity of some novel anilinoquinazoline derivatives. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:2515-24. [PMID: 27540279 PMCID: PMC4982500 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response elements pathway enables cells to survive oxidative stress conditions through regulating the expression of cytoprotective enzymes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This work presents the design and synthesis of novel anilinoquinazoline derivatives (2-16a) and evaluation of their NQO1 inducer activity in murine cells. Molecular docking of the new compounds was performed to assess their ability to inhibit Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction through occupying the Keap1-Nrf2-binding domain, which leads to Nrf2 accumulation and enhanced gene expression of NQO1. Docking results showed that all compounds can potentially interact with Keap1; however, 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4-(2-phenylquinazolin-4-ylamino)-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one (9), the most potent inducer, showed the largest number of interactions with key amino acids in the binding pocket (Arg483, Tyr525, and Phe478) compared to the native ligand or any other compound in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdelaaty A Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Phytochemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza
| | | | - Reem K Arafa
- Zewail City of Science and Technology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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